Immigration, Citizenship, and the Welfare State in Germany and the ...

Immigration, Citizenship, and the Welfare State in Germany and the United States: Welfare Policies and Immigrants' Citizenship

Edited by HERMANN KURTHEN State University of New York, Stony Brook

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Immigration, citizenship, and the welfare state in Germany and the United States : immigrant incorporation / edited by Hermann Kurthen, Jiirgen Fijalkowski, and Gert G. Wagner. p. cm. - (Industrial development and the social fabric; 14, pt.A-B) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-7623-0467-7 (set). - ISBN 0-7623-0523-l (pt. A). -ISBN 0-7623-0524-X (pt. B) I. Germany-Emigration and immigration-Government policy. 2. United States-Emigration and immigration-Government policy. 3. Immigrants-Government policy-Germany. 4. ImmigrantsGovernment policy-United States. 5. Social integration-Germany, 6. Social integration-United States. 7. Social work with immigrants-Germany. 8. Social work with immigrants-United States. I. Kurthen, Hermann. II. Fijalkowski, Jiirgen. III. Wagner, Gert. IV Series. JV8033.I56 1998 323. l '43-dc2 l 98-30666 CIP

JURGEN FIJALKOWSKI Freie Universitdt Berlin

and GERT G. WAGNER German Institute for Economic Research, Berlin and Viadrina European University, Frankfurt (Oder)

Copyright© 1998 JAi PRESS INC I 00 Prospect Street Stamford, Connecticut 06901-I 640 JAi PRESS LTD. 38 Tavistock Street Covent Garden London WC2E 7PB England

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored on a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, filming, recording, or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the publisher.

@JAi PRESS INC. Stamford, Connecticut

ISBN: 0-7623-0524-X (Part B) ISBN: 0-7623-0467-7 (Set)

London, England

Manufactured in the United States of America

CONTENTS

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SECTION II. CITIZENSHIP AND IMMIGRANT INCORPORATION CONTEXTS OF IMMIGRANT INCORPORATION: LOCATING DIMENSIONS OF OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS IN THE UNITED STATES AND GERMANY

CONTENTS

Barbara Schmitter-Heisler

PART B. WELFARE POLICIESAND IMMIGRANTS' CITIZENSHIP List of Tables List of Figures

XI XIII

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS INTRODUCTION Hermann Kurthen,Jurgen Fijalkowski, and Gert G. Wagner

1

ANTECEDENTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF TIGHTENING WELFARE ELIGIBILITY FOR U.S. IMMIGRANTS

29

47

IMMIGRANTS, MARKETS, AND RIGHTS

67

James F Hollifield and Gary Zuk

Vil

107

MEMBERSHIP WITHOUT POLITICS? THE SOCIAL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS OF FOREIGNERS IN GERMANY Gregg 0. Kvistad

141

159

CONCLUDING REMARKS: CHALLENGES OF IMMIGRATION POLICY AND WELFARE REFORM IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE 9

THE STRANGERS AMONG US: SOCIETAL PERCEPTIONS, PRESSURES, AND POLICY Vincent N. Parrillo

Herbert Dittgen

Jurgen Fijalkowski

POWER, PERCEPTIONS, AND THE POLITICS OF IMMIGRATION AND WELFARE

Thomas J. Espenshade and Gregory A. Huber

VOLK NATION OR NATION OF IMMIGRANTS? THE CURRENT DEBATE ABOUT IMMIGRATION IN THE UNITED STATES AND GERMANY IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE

INCORPORATING IMMIGRANTS AND EXPANDING CITIZENSHIP

SECTION I. IMMIGRATION POLICY AND WELFARE REFORM AT THE CROSSROADS

Nora V. Demleitner

91

Hermann Kurthen, Jurgen Fijalkowski, and Gert G. Wagner

175

ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS

183

INDEX

191

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Hermann Kurthen gratefully acknowledges the support of the German Marshall Fund of the United States (Grants #A-0243-01 and A-0371) for the conference he organized at which the research published herein was first reported. In addition, money from the German Institute for Economic Research Berlin (Deutsches Institut far Wirtschaftsforschung), and technical support from the Freie Universitat Berlin were crucial to successfully complete the Berlin conference in December 1996 and cover costs for translation, proofreading, and indexing. The editors are also very grateful to Carol S. Lindquist at the State University of New York, Stony Brook, who helped prepare the index and proofread, and to Kay Losey, Writing Program director, State University of New York at Stony Brook, for her comments and support on various drafts of the introduction and summary. Jennifer Drolet's help in reading and correcting drafts at the Institute for Research in Social Science, University of North Carolina, was important to the timely completion of the first round of this project. Last but not least we appreciate the support of the staff of JAI Press.

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