Professor and Head, Department of Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry, ... University, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, SP, Brazil ... Fort Myers, FL, United States.
DENTAL SCIENCE, MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY
IMPLANT DENTISTRY RESEARCH GUIDE BASIC, TRANSLATIONAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH
AHMED BALLO EDITOR
Nova Science Publishers, Inc. New York
Cont ent s Preface
ix
About the Authors
xi
Contributing Authors
xiii
Introduction
xix
Part I
Osseointegration Mechanism
Chapter I Part II
Osseointegration: Outlines of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Ahmed M. Ballo, Peter Thomsen and Omar Omar
Techniques and Methods for Implant Surface Characterization
Chapter II
Chapter III
Part III
1
Surface Topography and Measuring Techniques for Dental Implant Applications Possibilities and Obstacles Ann Wennerberg, Bengt-Göran Rosén and Tomas Albrektsson
33
Surface Properties and Characterization Methods of Titanium Dental Implants: Topography, Chemistry, and Oxide Thickness Young-Taeg Sul
51
In Vitro Models in Dental Implant Research
Chapter IV
Use of Simulated Body Fluid for Predicting the In Vivo Bone Bioactivity of a Material Tadashi Kokubo and Hiroaki Takadama
87
Chapter V
Using In Vitro Cell Culture Models to Evaluate Implant Surfaces Lyndon F. Cooper, Daniela B. Mendonça, Gustavo Mendonça and Ghadeer Thalji
105
Chapter VI
Implant Prosthodontics: In Vitro Testing Methods Erika O. Almeida, Amilcar Freitas Júnior,Juliana A. Delben, Guilherme B. Valverde, Nelson R.F.A. Silva, Eduardo P. Rocha and Paulo G. Coelho
133
vi Part IV
Contents Animal Models in Dental Implant Research
Chapter VII
Chapter VIII
Animal Models for Experimental Surgical Research in Implant Dentistry Michel M. Dard
167
Evaluation of Implant Osseointegration in Small Laboratory Animals Ahmed M. Ballo and James L. Borke
191
Chapter IX
Animal Models for Alveolar Bone Augmentation Tiago Fiorini, Cristiano Susin, Jaebum Lee and Ulf ME Wikesjö
217
Chapter X
Animal Models for Sinus Augmentation Jaebum Lee, Tiago Fiorini, Ulf M. E. Wikesjö and Cristiano Susin
235
Chapter XI
Ethics and Regulation in the Use of Laboratory Animals Michelle Hudson and Michael Balls
249
Part V Methods for Bone-Implant Interface Analysis Chapter XII
Histological Methods for Analyzing a Bone-Implant Interface Gang Wu and Yuelian Liu
293
Chapter XIII
Micro-CT Application in Oral Implant Research Niko Moritz, Ahmed M. Ballo and Timo O. Närhi
325
Chapter XIV
Applications of Electron and Ion Beam Microscopy in Dental Implant Research Lucille A. Giannuzzi
Chapter XV
Molecular Biology Techniques Stephen Hamlet and Saso Ivanovski
Chapter XVI
Bioengineering applied to Oral Implantology. Biomechanical Studies H. W. Anselm Wiskott
Part VI
343 353
369
Clinical Research
Chapter XVII Introduction to Clinical Research in Implant Dentistry Bilal Al-Nawas, Joanne N. Walton, Wilfried Wagner and Ahmed M. Ballo
429
Chapter XVIII Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria in Clinical Research Ferruccio Torsello, Ahmed M. Ballo and Luca Cordaro
449
Chapter XIX
Qualitative and Quantitative Methods for Evaluation of Dental Implant Osseointegration in Humans Christer Slotte and Ahmed M. Ballo
463
Contents Chapter XX
Radiographic Techniques in Implant Research Andreas Stavropoulos, Lars Schropp, Rubens Spin-Neto and Ann Wenzel
Chapter XXI
Osstell Measurements The Use of Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA) for Stability Assessment of Dental Implants Lars Sennerby, Neil Meredith and Anders Petersson
vii 487
513
Appendix 1. Abbreviations
539
Appendix 2. Terms and Definitions
543
Appendix 3. World Wide-Web Sites
545
Index
547
Cont r i but i ngAut hor s Amilcar Freitas Júnior, DDS, MSc Research Scholar, Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University, College of Dentistry, New York, NY, United States Anders Petersson, Mech Eng. Chief Operations Officer, Osstell AB, Gothenburg, Sweden Andreas Stavropoulos, DDS, PhD, dr. Odont. Associate Professor, Department of Periodontology and Oral Gerontology, School of Dentistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Ann Wennerberg, DDS, PhD Professor and Head, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden Ann Wenzel, DDS, PhD, dr. Odont. Professor and Head, Department of Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Bengt-Göran Rosén, PhD Professor and Head, Department Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden Bilal Al-Nawas, Dr. med., Dr. med. dent. Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Plastic Operations, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany Christer Slotte, LDS, med. dr. Senior Consultant, Professor, Department of Periodontology / endodontology, Director of PG programme in Periodontology, The Institute for Postgraduate Dental Education, Jönköping, Sweden
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Ahmed M. Ballo
Cristiano Susin, DDS, MSD, PhD Associate Professor of Periodontics, Oral Biology and Graduate Studies, Associate Director, Laboratory for Applied, Periodontal and Craniofacial Regeneration, Director, Clinical Research, Georgia Health Sciences University College of Dental Medicine, Augusta, GA, United States Daniela B. Mendonça, DDS, PhD Post Doctoral Fellow, Bone Biology and Implant Therapy Laboratory, Department of Prosthodontics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Ferruccio Torsello, DDS, PhD Department of Periodontics and Prosthodontics, Eastman Dental Hospital, Rome, Italy Gang Wu, DDS, MD, PhD Research Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Nederlands Ghadeer Thalji, DDS, MS PhD Candidate, Department of Prosthodontics, Bone Biology and Implant Therapy Laboratory, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Gustavo Mendonça, DDS, PhD Assistant Professor, Bone Biology and Implant Therapy Laboratory, Department of Prosthodontics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Eduardo P. Rocha, DDS, PhD Assistant Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, SP, Brazil Erika O. Almeida, DDS, MSc Research Scholar, Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, United States Guilherme B. Valverde, DDS, MSc Research Scholar, Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University, College of Dentistry, New York, NY, United States Hiroaki Takadama, PhD Associate Professor, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan H.W. Anselm Wiskott, DMD, MS, MSD, PhD Professor, Laboratory of biomaterials, School of dental medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
Contributing Authors
xv
Jaebum Lee, DDS, MSc, PhD Chief Clinical Scientist, Laboratory for Applied Periodontal and Craniofacial Regeneration, Departments of Periodontics and Oral Biology, Georgia Health Sciences University College of Dental Medicine, Augusta, Augusta, GA, United States James L. Borke, PhD Professor, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Pomona, CA, United States Joanne N. Walton, DDS, Dip. Pros., FRCD(C) Professor of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Juliana A. Delben, DDS, MSc Research Scholar, Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, United States Lars Schropp, DDS, PhD Associate Professor, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Lars Sennerby DDS, PhD Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute for Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden Luca Cordaro, MD, DDS, PhD Professor, Chairman, Department of Periodontics and Prosthodontics, Eastman Dental Hospital, Rome, Italy Lucille A. Giannuzzi, PhD, FAVS President, Adjunct Professor, SUNY Stony Book, L.A. Giannuzzi and Associates LLC, Fort Myers, FL, United States Lyndon F. Cooper, DDS, PhD Stallings Distinguished Professor, Bone Biology and Implant Therapy Laboratory, Department of Prosthodontics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Michael Balls, CBE, MA, DPhil, FSB Chairman, Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments (FRAME), Professor emeritus of Medical Cell Biology, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom Michel M. Dard, DDS, PhD Assistant Professor, New York, University, College of Dentistry, New York, NY, United States
xvi
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Michelle Hudson, MSc Scientific Officer, Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments (FRAME), Nottingham, United Kingdom Neil Meredith, BDS, Msc, FDS, RCS, PhD Professor, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Nelson R.F.A. Silva, D.D.S., Ph.D. Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States Niko Moritz, PhD Adjuct professor, Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre Turku, Finland
TCBC, University of Turku,
Omar Omar, BDS, PhD Postdoctoral Fellow, BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden Paulo G. Coelho, DDS, PhD Assistant Professor, Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, Director for Research, Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, United States Peter Thomsen, MD, PhD Professor and Director, BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Clinical Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden Rubens Spin-Neto, DDS PhD student, Department of Oral Radiology and Department of Periodontology and Oral Gerontology, School of Dentistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Saso Ivanovski, BDSc, BDentSt, MDSc (Perio), PhD, FICD Professor of Periodontology Johnson and Johnson Pacific Chair of Periodontology, Discipline Lead in Periodontology and Implantology, School of Dentistry and Oral Health Griffith University, Southport, Australia Stephen Hamlet, BSc, MSc Senior Research Assistant, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Southport, Australia Tadashi Kokubo, PhD Professor, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
Contributing Authors
xvii
Tiago Fiorini, DDS, MSD Research fellow at Laboratory for Applied Periodontal and Craniofacial Regeneration, Departments of Periodontics and Oral Biology, Georgia Health Sciences University College of Dental Medicine, Augusta, GA, United States Timo O. Närhi, DDS, PhD Professor and Head, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland Tomas Albrektsson, MD, PhD, ODhc Professor and Head, Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden Ulf ME Wikesjö, DDS, DMD, PhD Diplomate, American Board of Periodontology, Professor of Periodontics, Oral Biology, and Graduate Studies, Director, Laboratory for Applied Periodontal and Craniofacial Regeneration Interim Associate Dean for Research and Enterprise, Georgia Health Sciences University College of Dental Medicine, Augusta, GA, United States Wilfried Wagner, Dr. med., Dr. med. dent. Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Plastic Operations, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany Young-Taeg Sul, DDS, PhD Associate Professor, Department of Biomaterials, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. Yuelian Liu, PhD, DDS Assistant Professor, Research Group Leader, Department of Oral, Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Nederlands
