implementasi penilaian daur hidup industri sawit

IMPLEMENTASI PENILAIAN DAUR HIDUP INDUSTRI SAWIT Dr.Kiman Siregar [email protected]; +62 8128395848 Department of Agricultural Engineering of Syiah Kuala University Founder and Head Working Group of ILCAN Indonesian Life Cycle Assessment Network (ILCAN)_www.ilcan.or.id

30-31 Agust 2018, Dafam Hotel - Jakarta

KLHK_Dirjend Pengendalian Pencemaran dan Kerusakan Lingkungan_Dr.Kiman Siregar

OUTLINE : 1. Defenisi Batas Sistem/boundaries (cradle to grave)

2. Identifikasi Batas Sistem/boundaries (cradle to grave, cradle to gate, gate to gate) 3. Identifikasi Unit Fungsi

4. Identifikasi Data Inventori 5. Identifikasi Kategori Dampak Yang Relevan 6. Identifikasi Potential Hotspot 7. Identifikasi Hasil References Per Sektor di Beberapa Negara 16 Mei 2018, Gedung Manggala Wanabakti - Jakarta

Pojok Iklim_ Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup & Kehutanan by Dr.Kiman Siregar 2

26 POMs 863 ton FFB/Hour

88 POMs 3552 ton FFB/Hour 215 POMs 9610 ton FFB/Hour
















1 ton TBS menghasilkan : 20% CPO, 60% POME, 30% (limbah padat)

• •

Total PKS : 702 pabrik (data 2016) dengan Kapasitas rata-rata 30 – 60 ton TBS/jam : 3 Potensi Listrik : 702 MWe

140 MJ/kg

CO

Biomass Conversion

Termochemical

H2 etc

CO2

Proses thermochemical

CH4

GASIFICATION -> PYROLYSIS

DAMPAK POSITIF IMPLEMENTASI MANDATORI B10 DAN B20

16 Mei 2018, Gedung Manggala Wanabakti - Jakarta

Pojok Iklim_ Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup & Kehutanan by Dr.Kiman Siregar

5


Pojok Iklim_ Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup & Kehutanan by Dr.Kiman Siregar 6

Asosiasi Produsen Listrik Bioenergi Indonesia (APLIBI),2017 • Members : 15 companies • Capacity : 115 MW

9

Defenisi Batas Sistem/boundaries (cradle to grave)


Pojok Iklim_ Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup & Kehutanan by Dr.Kiman 10 Siregar

Cradle to grave

Pembibitan

Sawit Siap Panen

Penanaman

Energi (Listrik, BBM, Mekanik)

Pemupukan (E)



(E)

Pupuk

Bibit



Lahan siap tanam

Pembukaan Lahan

T

Land Use Change

Emisi (E)

(E)

Proteksi

Pemanenan


(E) TBS

Pabrik Kelapa Sawit (PKS)

T


(E)

Pabrik Biodiesel

CPO T

Cangkang

SPBU

Sabut

Mobil/ Pemakai

Kembali ke Alam

T

Bibit

Pembibitan

Cradle to gate 20 – 21 April 2016

(E) Sawit Siap Panen

Penanaman


Pupuk

Lahan siap tanam

Pembukaan Lahan Energi (Listrik, BBM, Mekanik)


Pemupukan (E)


Proteksi

(E)


Pemanenan

(E) TBS T


Pabrik Kelapa Sawit (PKS)

Cradle to grave


(E) CPO T

Pabrik Biodiesel

(E)

Biodiesel

Kernel Pestisida & Herbisida

Emisi (E)

Biodiesel

Tandan Kosong

(E)


(E)

Kernel Pestisida & Herbisida


ILCAN Training Series on (E) Life Cycle Assessment (ITSoLCA)

Cangkang

Tandan Kosong Sabut

11to gate Cradle

Cradle to grave

20 – 21 April 2016

ILCAN Training Series on Life Cycle Assessment (ITSoLCA)

13

Identifikasi Batas Sistem/boundaries (cradle to grave, cradle to gate, gate to gate)



Cradle to Gate Research boundary 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Land preparation Seedling Planting Fertilizing Protection Harvesting Palm oil mills Biodiesel production

Sub-System on Oil Palm Cultivation

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System Boundary of Mass, Energy, and Carbon in Palm Oil Milling ( ) Patthanaissaranukool, et.al, 2013/Applied Energy

20 – 21 April 2016


17

Flow Diagram of The Conventional Palm Oil Milling Process ( ) Patthanaissaranukool, et.al, 2013/Applied Energy

20 – 21 April 2016


18

Pengolahan CPO dari Kelapa Sawit (PKS PT.PN I Aceh)


19

Pengolahan CPO dari Kelapa Sawit (Lanjutan)

20

Alur Proses Pengolahn CPO di PKS Kertajaya, PT.PN VIII Banten Loading Ramp

Timbangan T=130-130oC: P=2,8=3,0 Kg/Cm2

Sterilizer Empty bunch to

Tresher T=90-95C,

Land Aplication

Fruits to P=30-50 bar

Press Cake

Empty Bunch Hooper CrudeOil

T=90-95OC

Cake To

Sand Trap

Oil

T=90-950C

CBC

Vibrating Screen T=90-95OC

Digester

Fiber

Depericarper

Fuel

Crude Oil tank

Nut Hopper

B o i L E R

Oil T=90-95OC

Settling Tank

Oil Tank

Sludge Tank

T=90-950C

Purifier

Ripple Mill Sludge

Oil

Fibre Cyclone

LTDS I

Shell l

Fuel Kernel

T=90-950C

Brush Strainer

Grading Drum

Sand Cyclone

LTDS II

Shell Bin

T=90-950C

Vacum Drier T=90-950C

Storage Tank T=40-450C

Transport

Shell Kernel

Separator

Kernel Drier Sludge

Decanting Basin

Penyimpanan Oil

Deoiling Pond

Transport

T=Atas =70oC T=tengah=60oC T=bawah=50oC

Palm Oil Milling Process Flow Chart

Aziz, N.I.H.A, et.al., 2017 22

2.Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) INPUT

BAHAN BAKU (Biji Jarak Pagar/ Kelapa Sawit)

ENERGI (Listrik, Mekanik, Thermal)

ALKOHOL (MeOH)

KATALIS (NaOH)

OUTPUT

PROSES

AMPAS

EKSTRAKSI MINYAK

EMISI/ LIMBAH

EMISI KE UDARA

Oil (CPO/CJCO)

LIMBAH CAIR PREPARATION

TRANSESTERIFICATION

WASHING

DRYING

DISTILLATION

PURIFICATION

BIODIESEL

GLYSEROL GLYSEROL

LIMBAH PADAT

MeOH_sisa MeOH

Ilustrasi aliran energi, bahan baku, dan emisi/limbah selama peroses pengolahan biodiesel berbahan baku CPO/CJCO LCI yang biasa dianalisis secara umum dibagi 2: 1. Direct effect : dari input dan output bahan-bahan habis 2. Indirect effect : dari bahan baku alat dan proses manufaktur alat (belum dihitung)

Opsi Proses Transesterifikasi Transesterifikasi Katalis

Katalis asam

Non-katalis

Biokatalis

KATALIS BASA Tekanan atmosfir

Tekanan tinggi (supercritical)

Transesterification into Biodiesel

Methanol recovery

Methanol recovery

methanol mixing catalyst

transesterification

crude biodiesel

purification

crude glyserol

purification

separation

heating (± 60° C) CPO

sludge heating (± 290° C)

biodiesel non-catalytic transesterification

methanol

evaporation

Bogor Agricultural University

biodiesel

condensation

separation glyserol

glyserol

Diagram alir proses pembuatan biodiesel dua tahap Minyak CPO/CJCO FFA >2%

H2SO4

Pemanasan

Metanol

Pencampuran Esterifikasi KOH

Metanol

Separasi

Pencampuran Transesterifikasi

Metanol

Recovery

Separasi

Metanol Gliserol Sludge

Purifikasi

Crude Biodiesel Purifikasi Biodiesel

Refined Gliserol

Recovery Metanol

Identifikasi Unit Fungsi Unit Fungsi : -

kg-CO2eq/kg-CPO kg-CO2eq/kg-Biodiesel



Identifikasi Data Inventori



The detail description of life cycle on BDF-CPO Inp. activities Component Oil palm (1) Land Early land uses Primer & skunder forest preparation Soil fertility Fertile Tree, diameter > 60 cm 26-100 trees/ha Tree, diameter > 30 cm Approx. 2500 trees/ha Coarse grass 10-30 groups/m2 Soil tillage Effective soil depth 50-150 cm Plant above the soil surface Nuts Seedling time 12 months (2) Seedling Seedling source Seed Plants width space 9x9x9m (3) Planting Number of plants 136/ha Number of hole 50 x 40 x 40 cm (4) Fertilizing Fertilizer compound N,P,K,Mg,B, organic fertilizer Intensity Very intensive (5) Protection Plant pest Many kinds of pest presents (6) Harvesting Start to produce 30 months Production on stable productivity 8 tons seed/ha Edible/non-edible Edible (7) Palm oil Production of crude oil By milling mills or Value of FFA