Indian Journal of Ancient Medicine and Yoga

Indian Journal of Ancient Medicine and Yoga The Indian Journal of Ancient Medicine and Yoga (pISSN 0974- 6986, eISSN 0974 –6994) presents peer-reviewed survey and original research articles. IJAMY is a major new multidisciplinary print & electronic journal designed to support the needs of this expanding community. IJAMY allows patients to obtain effective and proven treatment information regarding their conditions. In each issue, you will find information about ancient medicine and yoga in a variety of forms, including: case studies and reports, book and literature reviews, original research, clinical applications and applied science, editorials and commentaries on controversial issues and updates on legislative issues relating to ayurvedic medicine and yoga. Readership: Scientists, scholars, professionals, practitioners, faculty, students in the field of Ayurveda, Yoga, modern medicine, life sciences, pharmacy and other related disciplines.

Disclaimer The opinion in this publication is those of the authors and is not necessarily those of the Indian Journal of Ancient Medicine and Yoga the Editor-in-Chief and Editorial Board. Appearance of an advertisement does not indicate IJAMY approval of the product or service.

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Editor-in-Chief H.L. Sharma

Executive Editor S. Sharma

A. Lal

National Editorial Advisory Board Ashvin B. B., Osmanabad B.N. Mahapatra, Puri B.S. Behera, New Delhi Bhagwan Singh, Lucknow C.K. Senthil K., Bangalore C. Bhuyan, Gujarat G.J. Ramteke, Wardha G.S. Tomar, Handia Galib, Jamnagar H.S. Mishra, Pilibhit Indu Bala, New Delhi Janardan Panday, New Delhi K. Siva Kumar, Chennai K.K. Sijoria, New Delhi Kalmesh S. S., Belgaum

Kaushal Kumar, Ranchi M. Tripathi, New Delhi Manjari Dwivedi, Varanasi P.K. Prajapati, Jamnagar P.S. Nandgaonkar, Solapur S. Kumar, Paprola (HP) S.D. Upadhyay, Haridwar S.S. Sharma, Jaipur S.V. Tripathi, New Delhi Saud Ali Khan, Aligarh Sreekumaran P, Managalore T.R. Vishwakarma, Jaunpur U.S. Singh, Lucknow V. P. Trivedi, Lucknow

International Editorial Advisory Board Amadio Bianchi, Italy Jaisri M. Lambert, Canada Julia Spivack, UK Mahendra Shah, Indonesia Marc Halpern, USA S.K.M.K. Herapathdeniya, Sri Lanka S.M.S. Samarakoon, Sri Lanka

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All right reserved. The views and opinions expressed are of the authors and not of the Indian Journal of Ancient Medicine and Yoga. IJAMY does not guarantee directly or indirectly the quality or efficacy of any product or service featured in the the advertisement in the journal which are purely commercial.

Volume 7 Number 3, July - September 2014

Managing Editor

Corresponding address

Red Flower Publication Pvt. Ltd. 48/41-42, DSIDC, Pocket-II, Mayur Vihar Phase-I Delhi - 110 091(India) Phone: 91-11-22754205, 45796900, Fax: 91-11-22754205 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.rfppl.com

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Ancient Medicine and Yoga July - September 2014 Volume 7 Number 3

Contents Original articles Diagnostic importance of Nasal smear Eosinophil in Vataja Pratishayaya (Allergic Rhinitis): An Observational Study

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Veerayya R. Hiremath, B. Shrinivas Prasad

The Effect of Navakarshaka Kashaya Ghana satwa in the Management of Ekakushta (Psoriasis): A Randomized Comparative Single Blind Clinical Trial

125

Y. Raghavendra, Hiremath V. Kashavva

Impact of Bhavana Samskara on Physico-Chemical; Phytochemical Parameters with Special Reference to Particle Size Analysis of Murvadi Agada: A Classical Formulation

135

Harish Babu H., D.G. Kolume, Subarna Roy

Some Herbs for Management of Disorders of Lipid Metabolism

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Kumar Verender, Mishra Anurag, Mishra H.S., Yadav R.B., Yadav K.N.

Comparative Study of Shunthyaadi Yoga Kavala & Pratisarana In Tundikeri (Chronic Tonsillitis)

147

Arunkumar B. Biradar, Madhukar Lahanakar

The Effect of Virechana in Anyadhatu Samsrushta Reto Dushti

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Pradeep L. Grampurohit, B.S. Prasad, S.S. Harti

Effect of Swarna Bhasma on Reproductive (Endocrine) System W.S.R. Immature Female Rat Model

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Kamat Rajeshwari V., Hiremath R.S., Patil P.A.

Review

articles

Svarna Prashana: An Ayurvedic Approach for Enhancing Immunity

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Vinamra Sharma, Rudramma R. Hiremath

Case report Management of Pain in Vatakantaka by Raktamokshana and Ishtika Sweda: A Case Report

171

Ashwini Patil, Hemant Toshikhane, Pradeep L. Grampurohit

Short

communication

Thyroid Function Disorders and their Improvement with Yoga

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Manoj Kumar Prajapati, R.K. Bhatnagar

Guidelines for Authors


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Review Article

Indian Journal of Ancient Medicine and Yoga Volume 7 Number 3, July - September 2014

Svarna Prashana: An Ayurvedic Approach for Enhancing Immunity

Vinamra Sharma*, Rudramma R. Hiremath** Abstract Rasayana is a potentiated branch of Ayurveda, in which various herbals and herbo-mineral/metallic preparations are used. Rasayana means, that which destroys the old age and disease through the conservation, transformation, and revitalization of energy. Among different categories of Rasayana Yogas (preparations), Svarna Prashana is one of the unique formulation in Ayurveda administered to new born for improving immunity. Svarna Prashana was administered along with honey and ghee. In classics, the reference of Svarna Prashana is available in the description of Jata Karma Samskara (ceremony conducted just after birth). According to Ayurvedic scholars, this protects baby from infectious diseases, enhances intelligence, and acts as memory booster. Keywords: Svarna prashana; Ghee; Honey; Immunity; Intelligence.

Introduction Ayurveda aim towards maintaining the healthy state of a healthy individual and treat the cause for longevity of life [1]. Acharya Kashyapa has stressed over mental health as well as physical health in first decade of brain development before 600 B.C. Svarna is one of the noble and therapeutically potent metal, used in the form of Bhasma (incinerated ash). In Svarna prashana, Svarna (Bhasma) is a main ingredient and administered along with honey and ghee. The word Prashana is to lick/ licking the preparations or medicine which is one of the specific method of drug administration to neonate.[2] The objective of this study was to know the utility of Svarna Prashana in neonates according to different Ayurvedic texts along

Author’s Affiliation: *Research Scholar, Dept of Rasa Shastra, Faculty of Ayurveda, IMS, BHU, Varanasi, UP, 221005, **Associate Professor, Dept of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, KLE University’s, Shri BM Kankanwadi Ayurvedic Mahavidyalaya & Research Centre, Belgaum, Karnataka, India. Reprint’s Request: Dr. Vinamra Sharma, Research Scholar, Dept of Rasa Shastra, Faculty of Ayurveda, IMS, BHU, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India

with its probable mode of action. Methodology As per Ayurvedic classics, Svarna Prashana is prepared by rubbing of pure gold over a clean stone along with little quantity of water facing towards East direction by chanting of holy Mantras [2]. Then appeared gold particles are licked along with cow’s ghee and honey should be given to the child for licking orally. This is said to administer specially in Pushya Nakshatra with the help of ring finger or gold or silver spoon [2,3]. In the description of Svarna prashana, so many Ayurvedic scholars described different combinations along with Svarna bhasma. Immunity is the state of being immune to or protected from a disease, especially infectious diseases [4]. Immunity involves both specific and non-specific components. The non-specific components act either as barriers or as eliminators of wide range of pathogens irrespective of antigenic specificity. Svarna Prashana may be helpful to increase non-specific immunity.

E-mail: [email protected]

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Properties of Svarna Prashana It will enhance Medha (intelligence), Agni (digestive energy), Bala (strength), Ayu (long life), Varna (increases complexion) and considered as Pavitra (sacred faith). It acts as Vrshya (aphrodisiac) and therapeutically used in Grahabadha (Psychosis).[2] Further Kasyapa says that, by administering this for one month continuously, the child becomes more intelligent, not infected by any diseases, or immunized. If it is continued for six months the child will become Shrutadhar (able to retain words for longer together whatever child hears), Smrtivan (improves memory).[2] Described properties are more related to preventive aspect, promoting of physical, mental, social and spiritual health. Svarna (Bhasma) The therapeutic properties of Svarna are Agni Vardhak, Balya, Bramhana (nourishes body tissues), Vrshya, Hradya (Cardiac protector), Ayu Vardhak, Vani Shuddhi Kara (improve ronunciation), Medhya, Smrtiprada, Sarva Vishahara (cures effect of different poisons) and acts as Shrestha Rasayana (nutrient to body and mind with adapto-immuno-neuro-endocrino -modulator properties) [5]. Acharya Charaka says “No poison can be sustained in the body of people who have ingested Svarna” [6]. In other words, it is capability of the body to resist harmful microbes from entering the body.

Usage of Svarna bhasma in Therapeutics Bajaj et al, (2001), say that Svarna Bhasma used in Ayurveda exhibited immunostimulant, anxiolytic, antidepressant, and anticataleptic activity with wide margin of safety. Abraham et al (1998), explored the potential of colloidal Svarna Bhasma as nervine. Svarna Bhasma shows effective result in the lower dose 8 mg per day led to the significantly improved the quality of ejaculation and prolonged the duration of sexual act in male infertile patients.[7] Ghee (Clarified Butter Fat) The therapeutic properties of ghee are Agni Vardhak, Ayu Vardhak, Balya, Hradya, Kantiprada, Medhya, Vishahara, Oja Vardhak (increase immunity), and Rasayana [8]. Unsaponificable matter (soluble in fat), Vitamins A & B, carotene, Xanthophylls, lycopene tocopherol, sterols, Vitamin D, cholesterol and cholesterol esters, 7-Dehydrocholesterol, Ergosterol, Xanosterol, Vitamin K, Hydrocarbons- squalene and various trace elements like minerals like Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, etc. are the nutritive values of ghee.[9] Madhu (Honey) Honey is a naturally occurring sweet fluid produced by the honeybees by enzymatic transformation of floral nectar ingested by

Table 1: Showing Different Herbal (s) Used with Svarna Bhasma in Context of Svarna Prashana

Indian Journal of Ancient Medicine and Yoga


them [10]. Its therapeutic properties are Agni Dipaka, Chakshuya, Hradya, Svara Vardhak (increase quality of speech), Vrshya, Vishghna.[10,11] A special property of Madhu explained is Param Yogavahi and Sukshma Shrotagami [11]. Nutritive values of honey are calories 272.46 k.cal, Protein 0.5 g, Carbohydrates 76.23 g, Calcium 45 mg, Iron 4 mg, Ascorbic acid 2 mg, vitamins and minerals (per 100 g, AGMARK). These all properties are helpful to target the efficacy of Svarna Prashana. Discussion In Svarna Prashana, Svarna Raja is administered along with ghee for its better transport and absorption along with the antigenic material honey. As its stated actions are Rasayana and Medhya, this combination improves the immune system of body and may act as overall immune modulator therapy. Warad Vijyanand et al (2011), treatment with Svarna Prashana (30 mg/kg, p.o.) for 15 days considerably revealed improvement in short term memory and long-term memory. It also inhibited brain acetyl cholinesterase activity. Svarna bhasma is used along with natural sources of energy, vitamins, minerals and Hydrocarbons honey and ghee, which also fulfill the nutritional requirement of the body. These all properties are helpful to target its efficacy in formulation Svarna Prashana. In various other combinations of Svarna Prashana, Svarna is used as one of the main ingredient along with some medicinal herbs (Table No. 1). Bajaj, S et al (2001), study on Svarna bhasma shows that specific and non-specific immune responses were modified in a positive manner in treated mice. Svarna bhasma had a stimulatory effect on peritoneal macrophages, which may be helpful to fight against infections [12]. The huge variety of antigens in the environment provides myriad opportunities for provoking the immune response. Pollens are the best example of the non-microbial


antigen presents in the honey [13]. Certain ghee recipes have prescribed to be used up to one year for prevention and promote health measures by nourishing body tissues and memory booster aspects. They are getting absorbed through the sublingual mucosa which is relatively permeable, giving rapid absorption and acceptable bioavailability. The lipophilic nature of ghee facilitates entry of combined active ingredients of the drug into the cell as well as its delivery to the mitochondrium, microsome and nuclear membrane. The brain blood barriers are highly permeable to water, CO2, Oxygen and most of lipid soluble substances [14]. These properties of ghee help the rapid absorption in the systemic level and transport the medicines up to the brain cells. Within the oral mucosal cavity, the buccal region offers a better route of administration for systemic drug delivery in which the drug is placed under tongue or crushed in the mouth and spread over the buccal mucosa [15]. As per Amruta S Gaikwad (2011), Prashana has the same concept of route of administration for the children in concern to palatability and convenience. Ayurvedic experts suggested Prashana to neonates should be given after birth. Conclusion The herbo-mineral, herbo-metallic formulations are in practice in Ayurvedic management since long years. The classical preparation of Svarna Prashana is already in practice administering to children in Pushya nakshatra. It has rasayana property, improves intelligence, it prevents attack of diseases, enhances digestive power. Six months of continuous use of Svarna Prashana improves child intelligence, and he can retain the words all heard by him, means it improves memory and intelligence.[2] As per some research studies, it reveals that Svarna has immunomodulatory, memory enhancing effect and ghee is having memory enhancing

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activity, immune stimulant activity. References 1. Charaka. Caraka Samhita. Ayurveda Dipika Commentary by Chakrapanidatta, Sutra Sthana 30/26, 7th edition. Varanasi: Chowkhambha Sanskrit Samsthan; 2002, 450. 2. Sharma Pandit Hema Raj, editor, Kashyapa. Kashyapa Samhita. Lehyaadhyaya, 9th edition. Varanasi: Chowkhambha Orientalia; Reprint 2004, 4-5. 3. Shastri Ambikadatta, editor. Susruta Samhita, Sutra Sthana, 28/9-12, 14th edition. Varanasi: Chowkhambha Sanskrit Samsthan; 2003, 125. 4. Park K. Text book of Preventive of social medicine 20thedi. Jabalpur: Banarasidas Bhanot Publishers; 2009, Chap 3, 96-97. 5. Mannahari Pandita. Raja Nighantu, Suvarnadi varga, vs. 8-11, 3rd edition. Varanasi: Chowkhambha Krishna Das Academy; 2003, 430. 6. Chakrapanidatta, Commentator. Ayurveda Dipika Commentary, Caraka Samhita, Siddhi sthana, 3/7, 7th Edition. Varanasi: Chowkhambha Sanskrit Samsthan; 2002. 7. Prasad BS. A Clinical Study on the Role of Svarna bhasma and Vajikarana Drugs in Sukra-Dusti with Reference to Male Infertility.

Ph.D. Thesis, IPGT &RA, Gujrat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, submitted 1998. 8. Chunekar KC, Pandey GS. Bhava Prakash Nighantu, Ghritavarga, 8/11, Hindi commentary. Varanasi: Chowkhambha Bharati Academy; Reprint 2004. 9. Narhare Maruti @ Role of Pure Ghee in health and nutrition exploiting Myths. All India Dairy Association Gujrat Co. op. Milk marketing Federation limited 2002. 10. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, GOI, Ministry of health and family welfare, Dept. of AYUSH, Delhi, first edi. 2008, part- I, vol- VI, 214-5. 11. Sharma Vinamra, Hiremath RR. Madhu (Honey) A classical review. Vaidyaratnam Medical Journal. 2011; 18-19. 12. Bajaj S, Ahmad I, Raisuddin S, and Vohora SB. Augmentation of non-specific immunity in mice by Svarnabhasma preparations used in traditional systems of medicine. Indian J Med Res. 2001; 113: 192. 13. BJ Tortora and B Derrickson. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, 11th edition. John Wiley and Sons Inc.; 2007: 820. 14. AC Gyton and JE Hall. Textbook of medical physiology, 11th edi. Elseviesaunders; 766, 816. 15. Tripathi KD. Essentials of medical pharmacology, 6th edi. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers Ltd; Reprint 2010: Ch 2, 7.

Indian Journal of Ancient Medicine and Yoga