Proceedings of the International Conference of Logistic and Supply Chain Management System 2016
Industrial Simulation Game for Academic Purpose:
A Preliminary Study for Requirement Phase Rayinda Pramuditya Soesanto Department of Industrial Engineering Telkom University, Bandung, Indonesia Tel : (+62) 22-7564-108, Email :
[email protected] Amelia Kurniawati Department of Industrial Engineering Telkom University, Bandung, Indonesia Tel : (+62) 22-7564-108, Email :
[email protected] Damanhuri Nurul Huda Department of Industrial Engineering Telkom University, Bandung, Indonesia Tel : (+62) 22-7564-108, Email :
[email protected] Burhanuddin Yamani Department of Industrial Engineering Telkom University, Bandung, Indonesia Tel : (+62) 22-7564-108, Email :
[email protected]
Abstract. In the domain of education, there are lot of methods that can be used to deliver the subject, especially in higher education. A game simulation is a one form of methods that can be used as a teaching tools The simulation game can be applied also on issues relating to industrial engineering discipline to provide better understanding about the scope of the overall technique, especially in the context of industrial systems. In industrial engineering, there are 3 big views that can be used which are namely the level of workstations, the production and from the enterprise. By using the three main view of industrial engineering as a base and combine it with a simulation game it will give a better understanding about industrial engineering. This research main focus is to determine what requirement and function that are needed to be included in designing the industrial simulation game. Lecturers are used as respondent in this research to determine the priorities and the critical function that needed to be included in the development phase of the industrial simulation game. Functions and also characteristic of industrial simulation game divided into two large views, which are technical and usability / content. Priority of function / characteristics are determined by experts by using the Delphi method. From the analysis result, the functional needs that are needed to design an industrial simulation game are known. Further research that can be done is to design the systems / application based on functional demand that already known from the study to design the industrial simulation game. Keywords: Industrial Simulation Game, Requirement Analysis, Delphi Method
1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Research Background
education, there are some kinds of methods that can be done to convey matter, moreover in college.
Student understanding of certain subject is the main requirement in the success of teaching and learning activities. In the domain of
Students understanding of the material being delivered is the main requirement in the success in teaching and learning activities. In the domain
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Rayinda Pramuditya Soesanto et al. level of workstations, production and from the company.
of education, there are some kinds of methods that can be done. One way that can be done is by using simulation game, game is a form of tools that can be used for education purpose, moreover to understand the concept of certain topic. A games could provide a boost for users to get more involved in the set in a game for conduct exploration, experiment, competition and also cooperation (Blažič, et al., 2012). The advantage of simulation games as education tools is that the game have the potential to improve understanding and initiative for the end user through experience dealing with the situation and real business environment, beside of that, the simulation game is free from the risk in terms of applying the planning in the real world.
1.1.2. Simulation Game According to Pasin and Giroux (2011), simulation game is an exercise in order to obtain important characteristic both in the game and simulation. According to Van der Zee and Slomp (2009) in Pasin and Giroux (2009), the simulation may help to find solutions of the specific problems or to introduce a system or new method. The effectiveness of the simulation game as part of learning located in the ease of simulation game to combine between experience and learning interactive independent, as the tools instructional simulated game has some advantage, including shorten time to learn and provide a safe environment for the sharing of experience (Chua, 2005). Another advantage of simulation game is that the simulation game can make students practicing to make decisions in the virtual environment and accumulating the experience into a strategy (Lin & Tu, 2012). Another research that discusses the game requirement are a research conducted by Anderson Jr. & Morrice (2000), Kuriger et al. (2010), Blažič, et al. (2012), Hidayatno, et al. (2014).
In the context of education in college, simulation game can be applied also on issues relating to the industrial engineering discipline to better understand the scope of the overall industry, moreover in the context of industrial systems. In industrial engineering discipline, the learning focus can be divided into three large views, which are from the level of work station, the floor of the production and from the enterprise. By using this three view as the basis and combine it with simulation game hence this will give a better understanding for college students concerning the industrial engineering discipline.
1.1.3. Delphi Method Delphi Method is a method developed by Dalkey and Helmer in 1963 in Rand Corpration. The method objective is to get results by converging opinion that deals with knowledge of experts inside a particular subject (Hsu & Sandford, 2007). The decision making process with the Delphi method can usually repeated until the consensus obtained. In the first phase, data on the criteria or variables be determined first question, after information obtained then afterward is to make a questionnaire which will be given to experts to be assessment .The next step is to give questionnaire to experts to give value, after all questionnaire collected the results of questionnaire counted and variables reach consensus appointed eliminated from the new set. The questionnaire completion stop when already reach consensus agreed.
This research attempts to determine the requirement that are needed and also the functions to be included in the development of industrial simulation game. Lecturers of Industrial engineering are used as the respondents in this study to determine priorities and functions to be included in an industrial simulation game.
1.1. Theoretical Background 1.1.1. Industrial Engineering Industrial Engineering is the discipline that focused on in the design, development and also installation of the integrated system consisting of people, material, information, equipment and energy which use knowledge and special skills in math, physics and social science and methods of analysis technique to determine, predict and evaluate the result of integrated system (Institute of Industrial Engineering, n.d.). In Industrial Engineering, the learning focus can be divided into three large view, the
2. RESEARCH METHOD The purpose of this research is to determine the requirement that are needed and also the
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2.1. Data Collection
functions to be used in an industrial simulation game, in this research the main focus discussed is in the requirement of design application. Figure 1 showed the application by development in a waterfall.
In this phase data needed for analysis needs are collected. The collection criteria and function collected from the study literature. The study of literature obtained from other reference related simulation game are derived from proceeding, journals and teaching book. Delphi methods used to select the criteria appropriate for develop the industrial simulation game. Experts who are respondents in the research are lecturer. Before spreading the Delphi questionnaire to experts, it is needed to determine all criteria first to be used for determining the criteria of respondent. Criteria used in determining the experts are as follows:
Figure 1. Waterfall Method (Source: Sommerville, 2009) To determine the requirements of industrial simulation game, the first step is to determine the criteria or function that have to be in in an industrial simulation game. The collection of criteria and function are collected from the study literature, the study literature are obtained from the other reference related to simulation game derived from proceeding, journals and teaching book. After the requirement data available, the next step is to determine the priorities of existing requirement by using the Delphi method to experts. The experts inside this research are lecturer. The result of priorities and requirements later in elaboration back using focus group discussion (FGD) with stakeholders seeking detailed description about functionality and content of simulation game designed.
• • •
Taught in industrial engineering study program at least 2 years Understand whole flow of industrial Engineering Taught in introduction of industrial engineering course at least once
Based on criteria set, the chosen 3 experts who will be respondents are the lecturer of introduction to industrial engineering course. FGD is done to find function / other criteria for other sources in the data sourced of the stakeholders.
In this phase, a needs to build application are collected then analyzed and defined. In this study, stages of the process needs divided into two part, namely data collection related functions and the contents of game simulation business and also data analysis by using the Delphi method.
2.1.1.
Literature Study Data According Blažič, et al. (2012), to determine functional needs in a simulation game it takes at least two large property, namely function that viewed from the perspective of technical and in terms of use / content. Table 1 shows result of literature study on the functions or characteristic from industry simulation game.
Table 1. Characteristic Function from Literature Study No.
Code
Function / Characteristic
Type / Property Usability/Content
1
U01
There is inventory function
2
U02
There is bullwhip effect in inventory
3
T01
Players run multiple operation in the same time
4
U03
There are various game strategies
5
T02
Realistic
6
T03
User-friendly
Usability/Content Technical
Anderson Jr. & Morrice (2000)
Usability/Content
Anderson Jr. & Morrice (2000) Kuriger et al. (2010) Kuriger et al. (2010)
Technical Technical
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Sources Anderson Jr. & Morrice (2000) Anderson Jr. & Morrice (2000)
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7
T04
Security
Technical
8
T05
There are various kind of role for user
9
T06
Easy access of Platform
Technical
Kuriger et al. (2010) Kuriger et al. (2010) Blažič, et al. (2012)
10
T07
Single/multiplayer | amount of user in game
Technical
Blažič, et al. (2012)
11
T08
Simulation type
Technical
Blažič, et al. (2012) William & Klass (2007)
Technical
Technical
12
T09
Simulation in one time unit
13
U04
There is strategy decision and operational in decision making
14
T10
There is simulation instruction
15
T11
There is unpredictable occurrence
16
T12
There is user constraint
17
U05
There is calculation of market share
18
T13
There is competition between users
Hidayatno, et al. (2014)
Technical
Leemkuil, et al. (2003) Leemkuil, et al. (2003) Leemkuil, et al. (2003) Critelli, et al. (2012) Critelli, et al. (2012)
Technical Technical Usability/Content Technical
From the obtained literature study, a questionnaire is used to determine the priority and functional needs to design a game industry. The questionnaire consisting of 18 the criteria each experts can assess to agree or disagree.
2.1.2.
Usability/Content
From other sources in the data so that the industrial game simulation becoming more detailed meet the expectation. There are improvement obtained from the FGD result regarding additional characteristic and functions that should appear in the industrial simulation game. Table 2 showed a result of the FGD conducted in this study.
Focus Group Discussion (FGD) Focus group discussion are done with stakeholders to find function / other criteria
Tabel 2. Function Characteristic from FGD No. 1
Function / Characteristic
Type / Property
Reliability of application performance
Technical
2
Realtime processing of information
Technical
3
Availability of troubleshooting
Technical
4
Ability of application security
Technical
5
Accessible from anywhere
Technical
6
Accessible from various platform
Technical
7
Application easily seen by the user
Technical
8
There is log game result to be analyzed
9
There is various option facility layout model
Usability/Content
10
There is form of structure organization election
Usability/Content
11
Determine material to production
Usability/Content
12
Determine labor to production
Usability/Content
13
Determine goods transportation route
Usability/Content
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Technical
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14
Determine amount of machine
Usability/Content
15
Determine amount of capacity per time unit
Usability/Content
16
Determine cost of goods manufactured
Usability/Content
17
Making financial reports
Usability/Content
18
Election capital loans
Usability/Content
19
There is function of demand forecasting
Usability/Content
20
Usability/Content
22
Determine selling price for user Determine amount of capacity per machine and price of machine There is equipment depreciation
Usability/Content
23
Consider material unused
Usability/Content
24
Determine manufacture process
Usability/Content
25
Calculation cycle time
Usability/Content
26
Calculation labor pressure
Usability/Content
27
There is scenario that related to room condition
Usability/Content
21
3.
Usability/Content
3.1.1. Delphi Analysis
Discussion In this stage, the data that has been obtained then were selected and analyzed to determine functional needs of the application that will be built. As a broad outline there are two attribute great in data collection, namely in terms of technical and in terms of usability / content. The result of data collection then processed uses the Delphi method. The consensus is necessary in the methods of delphi to determine the boundaries that will be used as reference in decision-making, in this research the consensus is set at 60 %.
An important step of delphi method is to put the priority,at this stage the experts were asked to select and assess the criteria by virtue of being felt by the experts by choosing agree or disagree (1 = agree, 0 = disagree). The numbers one signifying expert agree with a statement asked, while the figure 0 signifying experts disagree with a statement asked. From 18 questions items sourced from the literature study, the result that all pleadings of the studies literature approved by the expert with the average level of the consensus 95 %.
Table 3. The results of the questionnaire delphi Responden 1
T01 1
T02 1
T03 1
T04 1
T05 1
T06 1
T07 1
T08 1
T09 1
T10 1
T11 1
U01 1
U02 1
U03 1
U04 1
U05 1
2 3
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
0 1
0 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
4 Total Percentage
1 4 100
1 4 100
1 4 100
1 4 100
1 3 75
1 3 75
1 4 100
1 4 100
1 4 100
1 4 100
1 4 100
0 3 75
1 4 100
1 4 100
1 4 100
1 4 100
Decision
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
With the results of questionnaire delphi in over 60% , so all variables obtained from literature study can be used in preparing the needs of simulation game, the next step is to merge the results of questionnaire delphi with FGD so that the technical
and functional needs from the game simulation will be design to be more detailed. 3.1.2. FGD Analysis From the FGD results, there are obtained a few extra needs relevant technical functional and the
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Rayinda Pramuditya Soesanto et al. concluded that web-based simulation game is suitable for use. Due simulate games are designed using a web-based platform, it is necessary to access the internet connection in a simulation game, and, therefore, needed a host for the simulation game to be accessible from anywhere and anytime. For this simulation game, will be placed on the server hosting the faculty. Simulation mode that will be used in the design of the simulation game of this industry is full of enterprise, the enterprise is using fully the reasons for using the full scale of the enterprise, then the students will better understand the linkages between the various elements in Industrial Engineering.
Development of simulation game. If totaled, there are about 45 variables that should be noted and considered when designing the simulation game based on this research. From the result from FGD, most of the functional needs related to content of the industrial simulation game are known. 3.1.3 Needs Analysis The next step is to map the results of the questionnaire and FGD become a necessity and analyze these needs in order to obtain a clear picture of the needs of the simulation game to be designed. If viewed from the technology used, then in designing simulation games, the interface design of applications should be comfortable and easy to use by the user, this statement is consistent with the statement that "The application is easily seen by the user". Associated with the platform being used, then the simulation game must support a variety of platforms. To support a variety of platforms there are two things that must be considered, ie the number of platforms that can be backed up and the type of application to be designed. Viewed from the statement "can be accessed from a variety of platforms", "accessible from anywhere" and "Information is processed in real time" it can be
In the design of simulation games, the next important step is to determine the user. the purpose of the simulation game designed is a first-year student, but did not rule simulate game is played by the students, laboratory assistants, professors or practitioners due simulation game designed aiming to provide a better understanding of industrial engineering disciplines as well as a learning medium. Judging from the data that has been obtained, then the user analysis, the type of game that will be designed simulate is multiplayer, where users can consist of a variety of people who joined in a team and have different roles from each other.
Table 4. Summary Technical analysis game simulation Web-based Faculty Server (can be accessed outside) Full Enterprise •Student •Laboratorium Assistant’s •Lecturer •Practitioners
Platform Host Simulation Type User
In designing content simulated game, every variable obtained from data collection, were brought on the basis of his activities, there are 3 kind of large
Activity surrounding technique overall industry, namely the activities in workstations, the production and from the level enterprise.
Table 5. Characteristics Level Function Workstation No. 1 2 3
Function / Characteristics The cycle time calculation Mental load calculations workers There are scenarios that relate to the condition of the room
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Level workstations workstations workstations
Rayinda Pramuditya Soesanto et al. At the workstation level. Minimum simulation game should have three functions, namely the cycle time calculations, load calculations and scenario about the mental condition of the room. All three of
these characteristics will be using a basic in design workstation module.
Table 7. Function characteristics at the Enterprise Level No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Function / Characteristics There are a variety of strategy games There is a strategic and operational decisions in decision-making There is a calculation of market share by the user There is a selection of shapes organizational structure by the user Determination of labor for the production by the user Determination of the number of machines by the user Determining the cost of production by the user Financial statement users
At t h e enterprise level floor. Simulation g a m e should have minimal 9 function / characteristics, each function / these characteristics will be used as the basis in designing enterprise modules.
level Enterprise Enterprise Enterprise Enterprise Enterprise Enterprise Enterprise Enterprise
Chua, A. Y., 2005. The Design and Implementation of a Simulation Game for Teaching Knowledge Management. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, pp. 1207-1216.
4. CONCLUSION The purpose of this study is to determine what are the requirements needed and the functions that must exist in a simulation game industry. Functions and characteristics of simulation game industry is divided into two major views, namely technic and usability / content. Priority functions / characteristics are determined by experts using the Delphi method. From the analysis see functional requirements needed to design a simulation game industry. Subsequent research that can be done is to design a system / application based on the functional needs known from this research separately designing simulation games industry.
Critelli, M., Schwartz, D. I. S. & Gold, S., 2012. Serious Social Games: Designing a Business Simulation Game. s.l., IEEE, pp. 1-4.Hidayatno, A., Moeis, A. O. & Raditya, R., 2014. Development of Simulation Game for Teaching Strategic and Operational of Production System. Bali, IEOM Society, pp. 1316-1321. Institute of Industrial Engineering, n.d. About IIE. [Online] Available at: http://www.iienet2.org/details.aspx?id=282 [Accessed 2 March 2016]. Kuriger, G. W. et al., 2010. A Web-Based Lean Simulation Game for Office Operations: Training the Other Side of a Lean Enterprise. Simulation & Gaming, pp. 487-510.
REFERENCES Anderson Jr, E.G. & Morrice, D.J., 2000. A Simulation Game for Teaching Service Oriented Supply Chain Management: Does Information Sharing Help Managers with Service Capacity Decision. Production and Operations Management, PP. 40-55 Blažič, A. J. et al., 2012. Analysing the Required Properties of Business Simulation Games to Be Used in E-Learning and Education. Intellegent Information Management, pp. 348-356.
Leemkuil, H., de Jong, T., de Hoog, R. & Christoph, N., 2003. KM QUEST: A collaborative Internetbased simulation game. SIMULATION & GAMING, pp. 89-111. Lin, Y.-L. & Tu, Y.-Z., 2012. The values of college students in business simulation game: A means-end chain approach. Computers & Education, pp. 116011 70.
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Rayinda Pramuditya Soesanto et al. Williams, R. & Klass, D., 2007. Developing a Business Simulation Game: Integrating Multiple Development Tools. Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, pp. 757-765.
Pasin, F. & Giroux, H., 2011. The impact of a simulation game on operations management education. Computers & Education, pp. 1240-1254.
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