Sep 4, 2013 - Industrial Wastewater treatment process. Presented by. Dr Trzcinski P. Antoine, Senior Research Fellow. & Safety Officer. Prof. Ng Wun Jern ...
Industrial Wastewater treatment process Presented by Dr Trzcinski P. Antoine, Senior Research Fellow & Safety Officer
Prof. Ng Wun Jern, Exec-Dir NEWRI, Dean & Professor,
College of Engineering, NTU
4th September, 2013
Presentation outline Introduction to NEWRI Nature of industrial wastewaters Impacts of discharges Industrial wastewater treatment - pre-treatment units - Aerobic processes - Anaerobic processes • Case studies: slaughterhouse and palm oil milling • Case studies: sugarcane vinasses • • • • •
Connecting with NEWRI
Project sampling: •
Application of Water Treatment Process in Candirejo Village, Yogyakarta Special Province, Indonesia
•
Potential for the Conversion of a Waste Stabilisation Pond System into an Integrated Pond Wetland System for the Treatment of Wastewater in Dongkok Wetland, Laos
•
Mitigation of Pollution in Kandy Lake and Mid Canal, Sri Lanka
•
Improving the Life Quality of the Cibuntu Community with Biogas, Indonesia
•
Fate of Arsenic in Waste Generated from Arsenic Removal, Nepal
•
Development of Clean Water and Sanitation Systems at Inle Lake, Myanmar
•
Energy from organic waste from small communities, India
NEWRITech
“Reaching out to industry and monetizing R&D ”
RTD +FS
RTD +FS
Impacts of industrial wastewater discharges in Asia
• 785 million people have no access to safe water
• Coastal waters supporting fisheries and tourism industries, damaged. • Tansui River (Taiwan): pesticides and heavy metals (Liu & Kuo, 1988) • Nam Pong River (Thailand): polluted by the pulp and paper industry (Jindarojana, 1988) • Buriganga River (Bangladesh): polluted by tanneries • Koayu River: Cryptosporidum oocysts and Giardia cysts from piggery wastewater (Hashimoto & Hirata, 1999) • Hainan Island (Southern China): sugar refineries, paper mills, shipyards, and fertilizer plants red tide in Houshui Bay (Du,1995).
Key pollution factors • Temperature • pH (acidic/alkaline) • Suspended solids (TSS1. Less than 3 biodegradable biological process likely to be successful
Anaerobic – aerobic treatment
Ng, W. J., Industrial wastewater treatment, London, Imperial College Press
Ng, W. J., Industrial wastewater treatment, London, Imperial College Press
How to tackle Oil and Grease ?
Ng, W. J., Industrial wastewater treatment, London, Imperial College Press
Oil and grease trap in a POME refinery IWTP
Baffle plate O&G trap inserted into a surface drain leading to the IWTP at a palm oil refinery. • Effective • but not enough to meet discharge limits
Ng, W. J., Industrial wastewater treatment, London, Imperial College Press
Oil and grease trap in a POME refinery IWTP
Ng, W. J., Industrial wastewater treatment, London, Imperial College Press
Baffled tank O&G trap at palm oil refinery provides for more quiescent conditions to allow for greater removal of O&G than what is possible with the simple trap shown
Reactor Configurations • continuous-flow stirred-tank reactor (CFSTR) • plug flow reactor • batch reactor
Anaerobic process Anaerobic filter Anaerobic lagoon Anaerobic digester UASB Anaerobic SBR
Aerobic process Activated sludge process Aerobic SBR MBR
SLAUGHTERHOUSE WASTEWATER
very strong wastewater stream if blood is not adequately segregated (BOD > 100 000 mg/L)
Ng, W. J., Industrial wastewater treatment, London, Imperial College Press
• BOD:COD ratio easily biodegradable wastewater, • Low BOD:N ratio need for nitrification and possibly even nitrogen removal • High SS
• The wastewater can be expected to contain some O&G + blood and fine SS a scum results. • Good housekeeping • O&G + blood high aeration requirements
Pre-treatment: coagulationflocculation followed by DAF
Ng, W. J., Industrial wastewater treatment, London, Imperial College Press
Aerobic biological treatment options: activated sludge process, oxidation ditch, and sequencing batch reactor.
• if space is available: lagoons • Screens — coarse and possibly fine screens. DAFs may not be used then. • Anaerobic lagoons • 2 stages (0.7 kg BOD/ m3 lagoon volume and 0.2). Typical BOD removal by the first and second: about 65% and 60%, respectively
anaerobic lagoons aerated lagoon (0.07 kg BOD/m3, HRT ~ 2–3 days, 80% BOD removal
Ng, W. J., Industrial wastewater treatment, London, Imperial College Press
PALM OIL MILL AND REFINERY WASTEWATER
Palm oil FFB receiving bay. Oil press wastewater treatment plant.
Ng, W. J., Industrial wastewater treatment, London, Imperial College Press
Palm oil mill effluent (POME) characteristics • High organic content, thick brownish appearance. • Low pH • Nutrients deficient (BOD:N:P at 100:3.5:0.5) Typically treated anaerobically first (lagoon 1 at 60 days HRT, lagoon 2 at 40 days) Effluent is typically 200-1000 mg BOD/L. • 60 tonnes FFB/h mills 2–4 ha.
Energy positive process: • 2 stages anaerobic digester (HRT > 15 days, 80% BOD removal, OLR ~5 kg VS/m3.day). • Biogas yields ~ 900 L/kg
Ng, W. J., Industrial wastewater treatment, London, Imperial College Press
•anaerobic lagoons and digesters aerated lagoons. • Sludge residence times of 20–30 days and MLSS ~ 5000 mg/L. • Effluent BOD: 50–100 mg/L Ng, W. J., Industrial wastewater treatment, London, Imperial College Press
Aerated lagoon treating POME. • rectangular-shaped lagoons • > 2 surface aerators
Sugarcane industry - Vinasse-Dependence on Raw Material and Ethanol Process Surplus bagasse Bagasse Sugarcane
Reception and cleaning
Cogeneration system
Clear juice
Steam and power for the process
Sugar factory
Preparation
Surplus electricity
Distillery
Evaporation
Fermentation
Recycled yeast
Syrup Milling
Dilution
Centrifugation
Treatment of yeast
Juice Primary treatment
Cooking
Destilation
Cristallization
Rectification
Centrifugation
Hydrated ethanol
Yeast Drying
Sulfurizing
Liming
Dehydration
Molasses Drying
Heating Vinasse Decanting
Filtration Filter cake
Clarified juice
Filtered juice
Sugar
Hydrated ethanol
Anhydrous ethanol
Dry yeast
Sugarcane industry - Vinasse-Dependence on Raw Material and Ethanol Process
When obtained straight from sugar cane juice –Light brown color with 20,000 – 40,000 mg/l solid content
When obtained from sugar cane molasses: –Black-reddish color with 50,000 –100,000 mg/l solid content
A 420,000 L/day ethanol distillery produces a volume of vinasse equivalent to the wastewater of a city with population of 768,000 people
A cluster of three anaerobic digesters used at a sugar mill
Ng, W. J., Industrial wastewater treatment, London, Imperial College Press
Anaerobic lagoons
Ng, W. J., Industrial wastewater treatment, London, Imperial College Press
Two anaerobic lagoon cells under construction. Note that the lagoon cells had not been lined nor had the bunds been fully constructed. The reinforced concrete inlet and outlet works had yet to be constructed.
Comparative Vinasse Composition
Source: Barreto de Menezes, T. J., Etanol, o Combustible do Brasil (Ethanol, Brazil's fuel, in Portuguese language),1980, Editora agronomica Ceres Ltda, Sao Paulo, Brasil
pH between 4 and 5 BOD content between 10,000 and 50,000 mg/l
Assumption
Example
Operation temperature
35-40°C
BOD conversion
90%
Vinasse BOD
50,000 mg BOD/L
Methane yield
600 L/kg BOD (250-900)
Methane content
60% (55-70%)
Biogas energy value
5.5 kWh/m3
HRT
40 days
Distillery Production Data
Example
Ethanol production, l/year
37,850,000
Vinasse production, l/l ethanol
12
Days/year
150
AD Production Data
Example
Digesters volume, m3
121,000
Biogas production rate, m3/day
81,756
Methane production rate, m3/day
49,053
Power generated
7.3 MW
Vinasse effluent
5,000 mg BOD/L
The NEWRI
Community
Some 400 researchers. Pan NTU.
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