Information System for Community-based Conservation of Heritage Buildings in the City of Yogyakarta Suparwoko, Ir. MURP. PhD Department of Civil Engineering and Planning, Yogyakarta55584 E-mail:
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ABSTRACT Law no.5/1992 about the true objects of cultural heritage also regulates the conservation of heritage buildings in fact not "resonate" in the field. The public also seemed to not know and would not care about heritage buildings. Limitations of information and inventory activities of heritage buildings make this problem more complicated because local governments cannot function in an optimal control of building heritage in their territory. In this regard, it needs an information system that provides public access to information about conservation of heritage buildings. This research was conducted by taking the location in the city of Yogyakarta, namely Maliboro area. The analysis shows that most of the buildings are experiencing change and loss of the elements of his heritage. It is recommended that the development of the building will be used as the basis for the preparation of the website Historic Building Conservation Information System based on the community possessing the heritage buildingsin the city of Yogyakarta. Internet-based information system will be the website of www.jogja-heritage.com is a system where the interaction between the people of Yogyakarta, in particular and others) where the public can obtain information on conservation guidelines of historic buildings to make people or community conserve their building as a self-preservation or partnership with others (government and universities). The website is also available from the research menu to find guidelines for preservation of historic buildings, and best practices, preservation of historic buildings. Therefore, community building activities in self preservation or partnership is an effort to conserve historic buildings in the city of Yogyakarta as a step to respect the values of history, culture and local wisdom. Keywords: information systems, conservation of heritage buildings, websites, community
I. INTRODUCTION Law No. 5 of 1992 concerning preservation and conservation of cultural heritage objects mentioned that the meaning of objects of cultural heritage is a man-made object [1]. Recognizing the importance of the value of cultural heritage objects, Yogyakarta Provincial Government issued Regional Regulation No. 11 year 2005 concerning the management of cultural heritage objects and areas of cultural heritage. Economic factors and the factors blamed for transfer of ownership of the lost and changing a number of heritage buildings. No doubt, heritage buildings require significant maintenance costs. Apart from having to maintain the architecture characteristic must also ensure that the buildings are worthy to be occupied. But not all owners of heritage buildings have sufficient budget for maintenance and management. The government did not provide sufficient incentive funds to help. As a consequence, the heritage building is only allowed to improvise, and less manicured. Some found abandoned by their owners and left empty. Several more have changed their ownerships or changed into constructions with modern style of architecture [2] Information systems of the heritage building conservation are expected to have a discussion forum as an opinion exchange area on the heritage building management. In this regards, developments of the conservation technology are to keep updated. This needs a further study to define how the method of heritage buildings management in accordance with the heritage character of Yogyakarta. Considering the problems mentioned above, the formulation of the problem in this research can be briefly defined as follows: "How to develop a conservation model of heritage buildings within the city of Yogyakarta which is then stored in a media system
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so that information can be accessed and used optimally by the public." Internet-based information system in the form of a website is a system where the interaction between people (especially in Yogyakarta) and the computer becomes a very important role for information dissemination and preservation of heritage buildings in the city of Yogyakarta.
II. INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND HERITAGE BUILDINGS The information system is a system in an organization that brings daily transaction processing needs that support the operations function managerial organization with the activities of an organization's strategy to provide certain information to outside parties with information necessary for decision making. Information systems within an organization can be regarded as a system that provides information to all levels within the organization whenever necessary. These systems store, retrieve, change, process and communicate information received by using information system or other system equipment [3] [4]. Urban design is defined as the human response to the physical aspects of the urban environment through the visual, seeing beauty, and spatial character. Urban design as one form of implementation of mezzo-scale in the urban planning, including preserving the heritage sites and buildings, the revitalization of the city below, or develop a new city. Heritage sites and buildings form an important part of urban culture. Investing in our heritage by preserving them would give benefit to the city itself, through the strengthening of social capital society, the economic benefits through tourism heritage, and also as a legacy gift that can be enjoyed by future generations [5]. According to the Act 5 /1992 Objects of Cultural Property includes: 1) Man-made objects, movable or immovable in the form of entity or group, or its parts or their remnants, which was at least 50 years, or represent the distinctive style and represents the style of at least 50 years, and is regarded as having significant value for the history, science, and culture, 2) Natural objects, which have important value for the history, science, and culture. Objects of cultural heritage has a unique characteristic, a rare, fragile, non-renewable , cannot be replaced by the same technology and materials, and significantly important because it is evidence of past human activity. Within the scope of Yogyakarta province, preservation and conservation of historic buildings is based on Law No 11/2005 concerning the management of the site and preserve the historic buildings. The law states that the heritage buildings can be owned by individuals and can be used for several purposes, including commercial activities, as long as the new activity does not affect the value of those heritage buildings. Change ownerships of heritage buildings are allowed, but must be recognized by the Government [6]
III. HERITAGE BUILDINGS IN THE MALIOBORO AREA OF YOGYAKARTA Based on the aspect of urban planning, urban design Yogyakarta has a unique meaning, because the city of Yogyakarta was built according to cosmological ideas are realized by straight line that connects the southern ocean and Mount Merapi in the north, with the Sultan's palace in the middle. Straight lines depict the human journey as a single line from birth, to the worldly possessions, to the supreme goal (of God). Malioboro, which is located near the Sultan's palace is also the center of earthly and human, where the growth of Chinatown in Malioboro Street trading began in the first Sultan Hamengkubuwono 1755. In in early 1900, the influence of colonial style is represented at the Grand Hotel de Jogja (now the Garuda Hotel). In the 1970s, Malioboro Street serves as a center of cultural activity and a stage of amateur artist (Usman, 2006). Chinatown architectural style is realized in the building that occupies the ground floor shops, while the upper floors used for residential uses [7] In general, the façade of heritage buildings on Malioboro Street can be seen in a number of important elements based on recommendations from Bell (1998) [8]: (1) roof line, (2) façade ornaments, (3) Pattern window, (4) Signage, and (5) Showcase windows. Research "Information Systems Community-based Conservation of Historic Buildings in the city of Yogyakarta" take a place in the area of Malioboro. Site selection was based on the position of the central commercial area of Malioboro in Yogyakarta, where the commercial buildings of
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historic Chinatown overlooked preservation activities. According to data of Culture and Tourism Office of Yogyakarta, there are 407 heritage buildings and 30 buildings of cultural heritage in the region of Yogyakarta [9]. The location of Yogyakarta City can be seen administratively on the map of Figure 1.
Figure 1. Yogyakarta Map Source: Triple A, 2004
Condition of historic buildings in the area of Malioboro based on Bell’s façade recommendation [10] are as follows: 1) Outline the roof (roofline): as much as 50% of the buildings have experienced a change in terms of elements of its roofline. Only 20% of the buildings which still has an original roofline of the colonial style or Chinatown; 2) Ornaments façade: many of the existing building facade ornaments installed with the boards or billboards with the name of the shop concerned. As many as 52% (77 buildings of a total of 149 buildings) the building has a facade ornamentation that is dominated by the sign or billboard. While only 14% (21 of 149 buildings) of the buildings have the original ornaments of their façade style; 3) Pattern window: as many as 54% (81 of 149 buildings) the building has a window pattern that is changed. While only 14% (21 of 149 buildings) of the buildings have the original window pattern; 4) Board billboard or signboard: as many as 52% (77 of 149 buildings surveyed) use a fairly massif large nameplate. While only 9% (14 of 149 buildings) uses relatively small signboard. Due to the classification of changes in building style, 62% of the 60 buildings (31 buildings) are classified as having major changes, including the entire façade, shop, and signage. While 26% (13 buildings) are in the "middle class" with a few changes but still maintain some aspects of heritage. The remaining 12% (6 buildings) are classified as retaining heritage buildings [11] Heritage places are a fundamental part of tourism industry. Domestic and overseas tourists want to experience the distinctive natural, indigenous and historic heritage places and the rich stories associated with them [12]. The London Heritage Council has announced the 2010 Community Heritage Investment Program [13]. This
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action promotes any projects and event in the heritage and cultural sector, including heritage buildings and cultural tourism. Successful tourism at heritage places [12] involves: (1) Recognizing the importance of heritage places; (2) Looking after them; (3) Developing mutually beneficial partnerships; (4) Incorporating heritage issues in business planning; (5) Investing in people and place; (6) Marketing and promoting products responsibly; (7) Providing high quality visitor experiences; (8) Respecting indigenous rights and obligations. In this paper, some key elements relating to the case study of the heritage commercial building in Malioboro Street are including: 1) public participation, 2) heritage building maintenance, 3) the role of government, 4) Incentive funding, and 5) Supervision and advocate.
IV. PERCEPTION AND ASPIRATION OF THE HERITAGE BUILDING OWNERS/USERS A perception is a process of recognition and providing meaning made by an individual to its environment [14] (Gibson, 1986). The perception is highly subjective and depends on the framework of space, time, and personality of each individual. This aspiration, in this respect, will be used as aspiration to develop the information system of heritage building conservation in Yogyakarta. Table 1. Deductive Analysis of the Community Interview No Criteria of Heritage Building Deductive Analysis of the Community Interview Guidelines (Owners/Users of Heritage Buildings in Malioboro) 1 Public participation in the Guidelines for heritage buildings should be made jointly with us. We do making the heritage building not want if the guidelines were made unilaterally by the Government. guidelines There are government regulations that encourage us to build a pergola along Malioboro Street. Meeting on the Malioboro signature in which 150 were invited to come, however only 15 people. This was because the project was not our idea, but it was Mr. Mayor’s idea. If there is such a better idea to be discussed together with us, there will be a balance interest between the government and the community. 2 Heritage building maintenance I think a guidelines is needed on ways to take care of the heritage with an easy and cheap way to building with an easy and cheap way without help from the government. do The treatment can be done by the people themselves. The government staff had come to me because of I reinstalled a new window on the top of the building, and I was asked why the building was changed. I replied that the window is already porous. The staff was only promising to give me an incentive tax and however, until now there has been no the incentive tax realization, and I do not know how to take care of it also is not clear. 3 The active role of the So far the government can only give advice, but no concrete action to government against the effort help the community, such as property tax issues or at least the assistance to preserve the heritage of community advocate to make people working in line with their owned buildings culture of Yogyakarta tradition. 4 Maintenance incentive The main problem is funds, so the government should help as well. Maintenance cost of old buildings was not so cheap. Mostly, ordinary people are not able to do it. 5 Supervision from the The government's role should be in the making of rules and supervision. government Currently, all is not done Source: interview, building users/owners, June 2010 The planning system and its implementing regulation should apply a combination of top-down and bottom-up approaches that place greater emphasis on aspirations and participatory processes. This approach provides communities with opportunities to voice their aspirations and participate in producing development programs that suit their needs [15]. In this respect, the building owners / users around Malioboro Street is the active actors who is investing and very influential to the condition of buildings they occupy. The data collection of the
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building owners/ users’ perception of the Malioboro area include: (1) The function of the building and (2) Management and maintenance of buildings [11]. Therefore, some components to be included in the website as the Criteria of Heritage Building Guidelines are as follows: (1) Public participation in the making the heritage building guidelines; (2) Heritage building maintenance with an easy and cheap way to do, (3) The active role of the government against the effort to preserve the heritage buildings, (4) Maintenance incentive; and (5) Supervision from the government (see Table 1)
V. THE MODEL OF THE INFORMATION SYSTEM OF THE HERITAGE BUILDING CONSERVATION IN YOGYAKARTA The communication system of heritage buildings website in the city of Yogyakarta uses the PHP and mySQL technology. In the preparation of a communication system of the heritage buildings, the approach involves the concept, purpose, websites design, and application systems. The system includes a step determining the name of the website, system design, interface design, and design the menu [16 ] a. Concept approach: Based on the number of distribution contained heritage buildings in the city of Jogjakarta, especially in the Malioboro area, according to data from the Department of culture and tourism City of Jogjakarta that there are 407 heritage buildings and 30 buildings of cultural heritage in the region of Jogjakarta b. Objectives: Needed a system that can be a central in providing information about the heritage buildings located in the city of Jogjakarta
Figure 2. Website Design of the www.jogja-heritage.com
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c.
Web Design: 1) Name of the website Based on existing website domain, then the next is the website name-hertage.com www.jogja who have publicly accessible 2) Design System The information system will be built using a programming language based on the PHP and MySQL database 3) Interface design a) Intro Header, b) Menu Utama, c) Sub Menu, d) Web Content, e) Footer (see Figure 2)
VI. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 6.1. Conclusion Based on the results of data collection and analysis of heritage buildings in the city of Yogyakarta, such as Malioboro area, we can conclude several things that changes to the facades of heritage buildings in the area of Malioboro is influenced by several commercial factors, such as: 1) a modern lifestyle and stylish building performance such as super and mini markets, 2) larger and massive sign-band, 3) Changes building ownership with different building concept, 4) lack of building maintenance, and 5) lack of building conservation information and advocate 6.2. Recommendations Guidelines are needed for conservation and preservation of historical buildings in Yogyakarta. Guidelines of heritage buildings should be established by considering the following criteria: a. Guidelines for public participation in making guidelines b. Provide cheap ways of building maintenance and easy for the layman c. Contains procedures to guide and assist the treatment of heritage buildings d. Provide heritage building maintenance incentive mechanism In the website of www.jogja-heritage.com will present the conservation guidelines for historic buildings including the items a through b on this recommendation. Another recommendation is to further research related to systems management and cultural preservation of historic buildings in the city of Yogyakarta.
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