Contractors began to use hot boxes with conveyor screw in Poland in order to ... Only SPrIDEr, which has adjustable conveyor screw arms, allows proper ...
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 503 – 510
:RUOG0XOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\&LYLO(QJLQHHULQJ$UFKLWHFWXUH8UEDQ3ODQQLQJ6\PSRVLXP :0&$86
,QQRYDWLYH7HFKQRORJLFDO6ROXWLRQVLQ7HUPVRI5HDOL]DWLRQV3DUWLDO 5HQRYDWLRQRI%LWXPLQRXV5RDGV8VLQJ635,'(5 :RMFLHFK.R]áRZVNLD a
Opole University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Department of Roads and Bridges, Katowicka 48 Street, 45 - 061 Opole, Poland
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© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKHRUJDQL]LQJFRPPLWWHHRI:0&$86 Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of WMCAUS 2016 Keywords:635,'(5ELWXPHQURDGVUHSDLUDVSKDOWSDYHPHQWUHQRYDWLRQ
&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU7HO E-mail address:ZNR]ORZVNL#SRRSROHSO
1877-7058 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of WMCAUS 2016
doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.676
504
Wojciech Kozłowski / Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 503 – 510
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ĂĚ
KE/d/KE^
hŶƐĂƚŝƐĨĂĐƚŽƌLJ 'ŽŽĚ
&RQGLWLRQ *RRG 8QVDWLVIDFWRU\ %DG 7RJHWKHU
/HQJWK>NP@
3DUWLFLSDWLRQ>@
)LJXUH7HFKQLFDOFRQGLWLRQRIWKHQDWLRQDOURDGQHWZRUNPDQDJHGE\*''.L$DWHQGRI>@
)RXUFODVVHV$%&'RIWKHURDGVXUIDFHWHFKQLFDOFRQGLWLRQDUHXVHGWRGHWHUPLQHWKHRYHUDOOVWDWHRIWKHURDG VXUIDFHLHDVVLJQWKUHHOHYHOVIRUGHFLVLRQPDNLQJ x 7KHGHVLUHGOHYHO±JRRGFRQGLWLRQ±LQFOXGHVWZRSDYHPHQWFRQGLWLRQFODVVHV&ODVV$ZKLFKPHDQVWKHSDYHPHQW LVLQJRRGFRQGLWLRQDQG&ODVV%ZKLFKPHDQVVDWLVIDFWRU\FRQGLWLRQ x &ODVV&LVDZDUQLQJOHYHOZKLFKLVDSDYHPHQWLQDQXQVDWLVIDFWRU\FRQGLWLRQ x &ODVV'GHQRWHVFULWLFDOOHYHO±EDGFRQGLWLRQ
505
Wojciech Kozłowski / Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 503 – 510
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dzW^K&WZd/> ZW/Z^͗
WĂƌƚŝĂůƌĞƉĂŝƌƵƐŝŶŐ ŚŽƚŵĂƐƐ
DĂƐƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞ ƉĂǀŝŶŐƉůĂŶƚ
WĂƌƚŝĂůƌĞƉĂŝƌƵƐŝŶŐ ŐƌŝƚĂŶĚĞŵƵůƐŝŽŶ ;WĂƚĐŚĞƌͿ
WĂƌƚŝĂůƌĞƉĂŝƌƵƐŝŶŐ ĐŽůĚŵĂƐƐ
DĂƐƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞ ƌĞĐLJĐůĞƌ
)LJXUH7KHGLYLVLRQRISDUWLDOUHSDLUV>@
3UHSDUDWLRQRIWKHGDPDJHGDUHDKROHVEXPSVRUEURNHQSDYHPHQWHGJHVHWF IRUDSDUWLDOUHSDLUVKRXOGEH SHUIRUPHGYHU\FDUHIXOO\E\ x &XWWLQJWKHHGJHRIWKHGDPDJHGDUHDYHUWLFDOO\SUHIHUDEO\XVLQJGLDPRQGFLUFXODUVDZEODGHV WRDGHSWKWKDW DOORZVOHYHOOLQJWKHERWWRPDQGVKDSLQJDVLPSOHJHRPHWULFILJXUHHJDUHFWDQJOHDQGDOWHUQDWLYHO\E\PLOOLQJ x 5HPRYDORIORRVHELWVRISDYHPHQW x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³5HPRQWF]ąVWNRZ\QDZLHU]FKQLELWXPLF]Q\FK´²3DUWLDORYHUKDXORIELWXPLQRXVVXUIDFHV>@
506
Wojciech Kozłowski / Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 503 – 510
$FFRUGLQJWR267JXLGHOLQHVLWLVSURKLELWHGWRGXPSWKHPL[IURPWKHPHDQVRIWUDQVSRUWGLUHFWO\LQWRWKHKROH DQGWKHQVSUHDGLWXVLQJUDNH8QIRUWXQDWHO\LQRUGHUWRVSHHGXSWKHZRUNDQGUHGXFHODERUFRVWVWKLVW\SHRIPLVWDNH LVFRPPLWWHGURXWLQHO\XVLQJVWDQGDUGKRWER[HV :KHQXVLQJWUDGLWLRQDOKRWER[IRUFDUU\LQJWKHPL[VSUHDGLQJLVGRQHE\GXPSLQJWKHPDWHULDOIURPWKHFKXWHDW DFRQVLGHUDEOHKHLJKWGLUHFWO\LQWRWKHKROHLQRQHSODFHDQGWKHQVSUHDGLQJWKHPDWHULDODFURVVWKHUHSDLUHGVXUIDFH XVLQJKDQGUDNHVVKRYHOVDQGIORDWV 7KLVW\SHRIWHFKQRORJ\RIWHQUHVXOWHGLQ x 0L[GHIUDFWLRQDWLRQFRDUVHJUDLQVUHPDLQLQJRQWRS DQGFRQVHTXHQWO\WKHIRUPDWLRQDQGQRQXQLIRUPVWUXFWXUH DIWHUFRPSDFWLQJ x +HWHURJHQHRXVIOXIILQJRIPL[RQWKHHQWLUHUHSDLUHGVXUIDFHZKLFKLQWXUQFDXVHGWKHLQLWLDOORFDOVHOIFRPSDFWLQJ GXHWRWKHZHLJKWRIWKHIDOOLQJPL[DQGDIWHUYLEUDWLQJZLWKWKHUROOHUXSKHDYDOVIRUPHGRQWKHVXUIDFHZKHUH LQLWLDOVHOIFRPSDFWLQJWRRNSODFHDQGUXWWLQJIRUPHGLQSODFHVZKHUHWKHPL[KDGEHHQIOXIIHGHYHQO\QRWSUH FRPSDFWHG 7KHUHKDVEHHQH[FHVVLYHORVVRIWHPSHUDWXUHRIWKHPL[EHIRUHUROOLQJZKHQXVLQJFRQYHQWLRQDOKRWER[HVGXHWR PDQXDOVSUHDGLQJRIWKHPL[ZKLFKWRRNDORQJWLPH7KHUHVXOWZDVDOVRWKHIRUPDWLRQXQHYHQVWUXFWXUHRIWKHUHSDLUHG SDYHPHQW
)LJXUH([DPSOHVRISDYHPHQWGHIHFWVIURPWKHDXWKRUV¶FROOHFWLRQ
)DFWRUVQHFHVVDU\IRUDSURSHUSDUWLDOUHSDLU ,QDGGLWLRQWRWKHDGHTXDWHTXDOLW\RI00%WKHWUDQVSRUWLWVHOIDQGWKHPHWKRGRILQFRUSRUDWLQJWKHPL[LVH[WUHPHO\ LPSRUWDQW x ([WUHPHO\LPSRUWDQWIDFWRUVDQGWKRVHZKLFKDUHQHFHVVDU\WRPDLQWDLQWKHTXDOLW\RIZRUNDUH x 0DLQWDLQLQJ WKH SURSHU WHPSHUDWXUH RI PL[ XQWLO WKH LQFRUSRUDWLRQ DQG FRPSDFWLRQ ± SURYLGHG RQO\ E\ 635,'(5 'LVWULEXWLRQVRDVWRHQVXUHDQHYHQIOXIILQJRIWKHPL[RYHUWKHHQWLUHVXUIDFH±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±DQLQQRYDWLYHVROXWLRQIRUSDUWLDORYHUKDXORIELWXPLQRXVURDGV 635,'(5LVWKHUHVXOWRIWKHVHDUFKIRUDVROXWLRQGHVLJQHGIRUIDVWLQFRUSRUDWLRQRIHYHQO\IOXIIHGPL[ZLWKOLWWOH HIIRUWDQGGXPSLQJIURPDVPDOOKHLJKWZKLOHPDLQWDLQLQJWKHSURSHUWHPSHUDWXUHXQWLOFRPSDFWLRQ7KHPDFKLQH HTXLSSHG ZLWK D PRYDEOH SDGGHG FRQYH\RU VFUHZ DUPV DOORZLQJ IRU PL[ GXPSLQJ IURP D VPDOO KHLJKW SURSHUO\
507
Wojciech Kozłowski / Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 503 – 510
IOXIIHGDQGDWWKHULJKWWHPSHUDWXUH 7KHPDFKLQHLVPDVVSURGXFHGLQ6ZHGHQDQGXVHGIRUURDGFRQVWUXFWLRQ,WLVDOLWWOHNQRZQQRYHOW\RQWKH3ROLVK PDUNHW,WLVLQGLVSHQVDEOHZKHUHYHUDODUJHSDYHULVLQHIIHFWLYHRUPDQXDOZRUNLVWKHRQO\DOWHUQDWLYH
)LJXUH7KHVHWRIFDUULHUKRWER[635,'(5IURPWKHDXWKRUV¶FROOHFWLRQ
7HFKQLFDOVSHFLILFDWLRQ ±0D[FDSDFLW\RIWRQVSHUKRXU ±:HLJKW±NJ ±:RUNLQJUDQJH±PRURSWLRQDOP ±:LGWKPP ±+HLJKWLQWKHWUDQVSRUWSRVLWLRQ±PPDERYHWKHORDGFDUU\LQJERG\IORRU ±/HQJWKLQWKHWUDQVSRUWSRVLWLRQ±PPRURSWLRQDOPPIURPWKHUHDUHGJHRIWKHORDGFDUU\LQJERG\ ±:RUNLQJVXUIDFHDUHDRIWKHVSUHDGPL[RUFUXVKHGVWRQH ±PðRURSWLRQDOPð ±0D[LPXPJUDLQVL]HPP ±5HTXLUHPHQWVIRUWKHWUXFNK\GUDXOLFV\VWHP±PLQOPLQ ±0LQLPXPSUHVVXUHLQWKHK\GUDXOLFV\VWHPRIWKHWUXFN±EDU ±635,'(5LVPDGHRIKLJKTXDOLW\+$5'2;VWHHO ±7UDQVSRUWDUPV±+$5'2;VWHHO ±(OHFWULFKHDWLQJRIDUPV ±,QVXODWLRQ±KHDWUHVLVWDQWSRO\XUHWKDQH ±+\GUDXOLFGULYHRIPRYLQJSDUWV ±&RQWUROXVLQJVROHQRLGYDOYHV ±:LUHOHVVFRQWUROIURPWKHSRUWDEOHFRQVROHE\WKHGULYHU ±(PHUJHQF\FRQWUROIURPWKHSDQHORQWKHPDFKLQH ±&RQWUROHOHFWURQLFV±6&$15(&2 ±+\GUDXOLFDOO\DGMXVWDEOHDPRXQWRIPL[IORZ ±0D[LPXPKHLJKWRIDUPVOLIWLQJWKHKHLJKWDWZKLFK635,'(5FDQGLVWULEXWHDVSKDOW ±P ±$UPVRSHUDWHLQWZRSODQHV
508
Wojciech Kozłowski / Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 503 – 510
6SLGHU¶VZRUNLQJUDQJHHQDEOHVWRHDVLO\DFFHVVWKHORFDWLRQVZLWKDUHVWULFWHGPDQHXYHUURRPVRWKDWWKHPL[LV VSUHDGHIILFLHQWO\ZLWKRXWWLPHFRQVXPLQJPDQXDOZRUN2QHFDQEHJLQWRFRPSDFWWKHPL[LQDVKRUWWLPHZKLOH PDLQWDLQLQJSURSHUWHPSHUDWXUH
)LJXUH635,'(5UDQJH>@DQGRSHUDWLRQLQWLJKWVSDFHVIURPWKHDXWKRUV¶FROOHFWLRQ
,WLVSRVVLEOHWROD\WKHPL[RQDVXUIDFHDUHDRI±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Ǧ'5,9(
)LJXUH&RQWUROSDQHODQG5(&2'5,9(V\VWHPIURPWKHDXWKRUV¶FROOHFWLRQ
7KHPLQLPXPKHDWORVVDQGHYHQO\IOXIIHGPL[LVHQVXUHGE\LQVXODWHGPRYHDEOHDUPVZLWKDFRQYH\RUVFUHZ 3DYLQJXVLQJFRQYH\RUVFUHZVDOORZVXQLIRUPIOXIILQJRIPL[RYHUWKHHQWLUHUHSDLUHGVXUIDFH'XHWRDXWRPDWLFDOO\ FORVHGKDWFKDQGLQVXODWHGFRQYH\RUVFUHZDUPVKHDWORVVLVPLQLPDODQGWKHVXUIDFHDIWHUUROOLQJLVXQLIRUPZLWKRXW UDYHOLQJDQGFKLSSLQJ'XPSKHLJKWLVDGMXVWDEOHZLWKWKHFDSDELOLW\RIVHWWLQJVXFKDYDOXHVRWKDWGHIUDFWLRQDWLRQRI WKHPL[GRHVQRWRFFXU
509
Wojciech Kozłowski / Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 503 – 510
)LJXUH7KHDUPZLWKFRQYH\RUVFUHZDXWRPDWLFKDWFKRIWKH635,'(5IURPWKHDXWKRUV¶FROOHFWLRQ
2QO\WKUHHSHUVRQWHDPLVQHHGHGIRUWKHZRUNXVLQJ635,'(5)RUFRPSDULVRQDWOHDVWSHUVRQVDUHUHTXLUHG IRUWKHFRQYHQWLRQDOKRWER[PDNLQJ635,'(5DQH[WUHPHO\HFRQRPLFDOWHFKQRORJ\$OVRZRUNLQJLQFRQILQHGDUHDV LVQRWDSUREOHPDQGHOLPLQDWHVDORWRIODERUDWRU\LQWHQVLYHPDQXDOZRUN
)LJXUH:RUNXVLQJ635,'(5IURPWKHDXWKRUV¶FROOHFWLRQ
&RQFOXVLRQV 7KHLQWURGXFWLRQRIPRGHUQWHFKQRORJ\KDVPDQ\EHQHILWV8QGRXEWHGO\WKHVHLQFOXGHHFRQRP\DQGWKHTXDOLW\ RIZRUN,WUDLVHVWKHOHYHORIODERXUFXOWXUH&HUWDLQO\635,'(5LVDQLQQRYDWLYHVROXWLRQZKLFKFRQWULEXWHVWR HOLPLQDWLQJVRPHRIWKHGHILFLHQFLHVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHZRUNRQELWXPLQRXVSDYHPHQWV 635,'(5HQVXUHV x 0DLQWDLQLQJWKHSURSHUWHPSHUDWXUHRIPL[XQWLOWKHLQFRUSRUDWLRQDQGFRPSDFWLRQ x 'LVWULEXWLRQVRDVWRHQVXUHDQHYHQIOXIILQJRIWKHPL[RYHUWKHHQWLUHVXUIDFHZLWKOLWWOHKXPDQHIIRUW ,WLVRIWHQEHQHILFLDOWRHPSOR\DIRUHLJQLGHDDQGFRQVLGHUWKHSRVVLELOLW\RILQWURGXFLQJPRGHUQWHFKQRORJLFDO VROXWLRQVWRWKH3ROLVKPDUNHW )RUWKHVDNHRIZHOIDUHDQGVDIHW\RIURDGXVHUVOHWXVKRSHWKDWWKHLQWURGXFWLRQRIPRGHUQKLJKOHYHOWHFKQRORJLFDO VROXWLRQVZLOOFRQWULEXWHWRSRVLWLYHFKDQJH
510
Wojciech Kozłowski / Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 503 – 510
5HIHUHQFHV >@-ýRUHM*%HQþ0'HFNê$*DY~ORYi-.RPDþND%.XEtN30~þND(5HPLãRYi)6FKORVVHU09DOXFK Mechanika vozoviek Navrhovanie vozoviek a spevnených plôch, 9\GDO(',6Y\GDYDWHĐVWYRäLOLQVNHMXQLYHU]LW\YäLOLQHYURNX,6%1 >@0'HFNê$*DYXORYi03LWRĖiN'3XWLUND9DQJHO.=J~WRYi Navrhovanie a rozpoþtovanie asfaltových vozoviek Vydal%72SULQW äLOLQD,6%1 >@0'HFNê$*DYXORYi'3XWLUND.=J~WRYi Navrhovanie a kontrola kvality vozoviek, 9\GDO%72SULQWäLOLQD,6%1 >@0.RYiþ(5HPLãRYi0'HFNê'ĆXUþDQVNi-ýHONR Diagnostika parametrov prevádzkovej spôsobilosti vozoviekVydal(',6 Y\GDYDWHĐVWYRäLOLQVNHMXQLYHU]LW\YäLOLQHYURNX,6%1 >@:.R]áRZVNL$6XURZLHFNL:.LHODQRZVNL)XQFWLRQLQJRIWKHLQWHUQDWLRQDOKLJKZD\GHYHORSPHQWDQGPDQDJHPHQWV\VWHPLQWKH3ROLVK 5RDGQHWZRUN3URFRIWKHWK,QWHUQDWLRQDO6FLHQWLILF&RQIHUHQFH/RJ9'Ä7UDQVSRUW/RJLVWLFVDQG&ULVLV6LWXDWLRQV´=LOLQD 6HSWHPEHUS >@05DG]LNRZVNLRaport o stanie technicznym nawierzchni asfaltowych i betonowych sieci dróg krajowych na koniec 2014r. - Report on the condition of asphalt and concrete national road network at the end of 2014.in Poland ,*''.L$:DUV]DZD >@05DG]LNRZVNL05ROOSystem Oceny Stanu Nawierzchni SOSN, Wytyczne stosowania, Aktualizacja związana z wykorzystaniem wyników pomiarów ugiĊü nawierzchni - SOSN (The Condition Assessment Paving), Guidelines for the use, update for using the results of measurements of deflection pavement in Poland,*''.L$:DUV]DZD >@65ROOD05ROOD:ĩDUQRFKBudowa drógRoad construction,WSZiP:DUV]DZD >@267'Remont cząstkowy nawierzchni bitumicznych - Repair of partial bituminous surfaces >@ZZZJGGNLDJRYSOIURP >@KWWSZZZVSULGHUPDVNLQHUVHIURP