Source apportionment of PM2.5 by using organic and inorganic tracers in a suburban site of Turkey A. Arı1, P. Ertürk Arı2 and E.O. Gaga3 Department of Food Engineering, Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, 14280, Turkey Department of Environmental Engineering, Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, 14280, Turkey 3 Department of Environmental Engineering, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, 26090, Turkey Keywords: PM2.5, PMF, PAHs, metals, n-alkanes. Presenting author email:
[email protected] Atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is an primary combustion, n-alkanes for gasoline exhaust and important air pollutant because of its adverse effects on vegetative detritus, and also levoglucosan for biomass human health, climate and visibility. PM2.5 is a complex burning. mixture emitted from natural and anthropogenic sources, which is mainly composed of organic compounds, elements and water soluble ions. Secondary organic aerosols (SOA) are complex mixtures of organic compounds, Meteorology and predominant gas phase precursors are important parameters determining the composition of SOA. Quantification of the distribution of organic carbon into primary and secondary aerosol fractions has been difficult to accomplish because there is not a simple, direct analytical technique is available. However, indirect methods such as the carbon isotopic composition, organic to elemental carbon ratios and the use of chemical transport models have been applied to estimate the secondary organic carbon (SOC) formation in ambient fine PM. Receptor models have been widely used for Eight factors were determined by using organic source apportionment of PM2.5. The most common and inorganic tracers. Secondary organic aerosol was receptor models can be categorized into univariate seem to be the second most dominant contributor of fine models such as chemical mass balance (CMB) and PM just after space heating emissions. multivariate models such as principal components analysis (PCA), Positive matrix factorization (PMF) and UNMIX. Each model has its advantages and SOA 100 disadvantages, but all rely on the basic principles of 80 mass balance. In comparison to the other models, PMF is 60 well suited for longer time series studies and 40 incorporates non-negativity constraints on the output, frequently resulting in a more physically interpretable 20 result. 0 200 daily PM2.5 samples were collected in 2014, in a suburban location of Eskisehir, Turkey by a high volume sampler (Thermo Scientific) on pre-fired quartz filters (Pall Corp.). All filters were analysed for OC and EC with the thermal-optical transmission technique This work was supported by the Scientific and (Birch and Cary, 1996). PAH, n-alkane and carboxylic Technological Research Council of Turkey under the acid concentrations were determined by ultrasonic grant of 113Y324 and The Committee of Scientific extraction of filters by organic solvents followed by gas Research Projects of Anadolu University under the grant chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. of 1107F127. Major and trace elements were analysed by inductively coupled plasma-tandem mass spectrometry (Agilent Birch, M. E., & Cary, R. A. (1996). Aerosol Sci. 8800 triple quad icp-ms) after microwave acid digestion Technol. 25, 221-241. by HNO3, HCl and HF mixture. Water soluble anions Shrivastava, M.K., Subramanian, R., Rogge, W.F., were analysed by ion chromatography after ultrasonic Robinson, A.L. (2007). Atmos. Environ. 41, 9353extraction in deionised water. 9369. Elemental tracers were used to classify primary sources of fine PM while organic tracers like carboxylic acids used for SOA contribution, PAHs and EC for 1
Explained Variance (%)
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