Intelligent and Adaptive Traffic Light Controller (IA-TLC ... - IEEE Xplore

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Adaptive Traffic Light Controller (IA-TLC) implemented on. FPGA using verilog as an example ofFSM with 35 states. FPGA, microcontroller and ASIC designs ...
2015 International Conference on Industrial Instrumentation and Control (ICIC) Col/ege ofEngineering Pune, India. May28-30,2015

Intelligent and Adaptive Traffic Light Controller (IA-TLC) using FPGA Mr. Shashikant V. Lahade

Mr. S.R. Hirekhan

Assistant Professor, Electronics and Communication Engg.

Associate Professor, Electronics & Communication Dept.

Kavikulguru Institute of Technology and Science, Ramtek

Govt. College of Engg. Aurangabad

Nagpur, India

India

[email protected]

[email protected]

in real time and correspondingly upgrades the count value of

Abstract-For the economic development and progress of any country,

roads

play

an

important

role

by

providing

counters [4]. M.F.M.Sabri, M.H.Husin et.al proposed TLC

transportation ease for goods as well as for passengers. The

allocating effective time between various users during peak and

number of vehicles on road is increasing day by day which are

off-peak hours [5). Sourav Nath, Chandrajit Pal et.al proposed

controlled by the traditional Traffic Light Controller in the

24-hour TLC of a twelve road structure and discussed design

countries like India and other developing countries. In traditional

tradeoff with respect to the device component utilization, speed

Traffic Light Controller, fixed time is allotted for traffic on each

and

road to pass irrespective of the traffic intensity. This is an inefficient controlling method which consumes time, effort and

using Intelligent

capabilities

and

its

corresponding

traffic light controller reducing no. of traffic signal LEDs to

sensing and giving priority for the emergency vehicles to pass This problem is addressed by

handling

Whig presented design and simulation of a power efficient

fuel of users unnecessarily; also it doesn't have any provision of first.

power

optimization techniques [1]. latin Shridhar, Ruchin, Pawan

five [6). Prashant Kumar Singhi, Philemon Danief presented a

and

TLC, in which 24 hours of a day has been divided into five

Adaptive Traffic Light Controller (IA-TLC) implemented on

time zones, and they accordingly designed 5 algorithms using

FPGA using verilog as an example ofFSM with 35 states. FPGA,

Cortex-MO in VHDL [7]. Albagul, M. Hrairi et.al in 2006 used

microcontroller and ASIC designs have been used for traffic light

MATLAB for simulation and Lab VIEW integrated system for

controller. Reason for selecting FPGA is that it has numerous merits over microcontroller in TLC design. Some of these merits

interfacing the IR sensors. Complete set of traffic light system

are high speed of operation, more number of inputloutput ports

is synchronized with the sensors

and better performance 111. In IA-TLC density of traffic is

Ramzanzad and Hamidreza Rashidy Kanan in 2013 proposed

interfaced [8).

Meisam

throughout day and night, and

fuzzy logic based system that addresses problem of traffic,

accordingly time is allotted for users to pass. Other advantages of

pollution and transit time of vehicles at the intersection [9]. In

sensed by using IR sensors

this system are: i) System senses emergency vehicles on the

one of the studies, Mealy FSM is used for TLC and the effects

individual road moreover it gives priority to the traffic of that

of state encoding schemes are compared on the basis of size of

particular road where the emergency vehicles is sensed. ii) Finds

synthesized circuit by M. Ali Qureshi, Abdul Aziz, and S.

out defaulter who crosses the red signal by capturing images

Hammad Raza and it was found that one-Hot encoding scheme

using camera. IA-TLC is successfully implemented on Spartan 3E FPGA

and

same

module

is

simulated

for

is the best choice in terms of device utilization [10).

Spartan-3E,

The ambition of this development is to direct the traffic

Spartan-6, Virtex-5 FPGA.

movement of intersecting roads and to realize optimal use of

Keywords-IA-TLC(lntelligent and Adaptive Traffic Light Controller}; Veri/og; FSM(Finite State Machine}; FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array}; IR Sensor; Traffic I.

the traffic time [5]. The idea behind intelligent traffic systems is that drivers will not spend unnecessary time waiting for the traffic lights to change [8] , save fuel consumption and reduce pollution of vehicles which are in traffic queue.

INTRODUCTION

This paper is organized in the following ways: section I

On account of tremendous growth in the industrial sector,

provide the work carried out by different researchers. Four way

people need to travel from one place to another by road for

road structure and

employment and social activities. The economy of a country is

which

is

addressed by

many

researchers

implementation model along

with

machine used to structure the IA-TLC module, its operational

on road is greatly enhanced, which equally becomes a social problem

its

complete overview of the IA-TLC are given in section II. State

greatly affected due to traffic congestion as number of vehicles

algorithm

using

Simulation

different approaches for different traffic conditions[I][2).

and

related

results

hardware

under

is

different

given

in

section

III.

traffic

conditions

are

discussed under Section IV. Section V discusses about Power

EI-Medany and Hussain have implemented FPGA-Based

Estimation

and

Resource

utilization

when

the

design

is

24-hour TLC that manages traffic movement of four roads and

simulated for different FPGA boards. Section VI includes

reached maximum utilization of the traffic during rush hour

Conclusion and Future Scope of IA-TLC.

and normal time [3). Shwetank Singh and Shailendra C. Badwaik's implemented TLC senses the density of the traffic

978-1-4799-7165-7/15/$31.00 ©2015

IEEE

618

II. INTELLIGENT AND ADAPTIVE TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROLLER

C. Block Diagram of IA-TLC The block diagram of IA-TLC is depicted in the Fig. 3.



A. Four road traffic structure

11

111---------; POWER SUPPLY , FIELD IKI WAYTRAFFIC LIGHT MODULE I IDETECT R SENSOR MODULE TO 1 _ PROGRAMMABLE I TRAFFIC INTENSITY I" :::';Y 4SHOWWAY7WAISEGMENT TING TIMDlESTOPLAYTO USER L1H SOUND SENSOR TO DETECT L U CAMERA MODULE TO CAPTURE L I -l IMAGES OF DEFAULTER r H EMERGENCYVEHICLE I" �f� f , RC SENSOR MODULE TO ACTIVATE CAMERA I I IMAGES TO RTO FOR FURTHER ACTIONS I ,----,----1

Here Ti is the traffic of ith road, e.g. Tl- traffic of 1st road, RC is Infrared sensor for activation of camera module. SS is a sound sensor for detection of emergency vehicle. For traffic

4

T1, sensors aI, a2, a3 are installed at a distance of 15 feet, 30 feet and 45 feet respectively. Similarly for traffic T2, T3 and T4 sensors installed b, c, d respectively. All these sensors are installed as per the earlier said distance of Tl traffic. Fig. l.

SPARTAN 3E·IOOCPll2

shows, four way traffic with sensor module.

�__________

Fig. 3. Block Diagram oflA-TLC FPGA Spartan-3E (Basys 2 Board) is used as a controlling

1-------;0=o 02

_

unit, and all the blocks are powered by a single power supply.



tI HI

Sound sensors (SSi) installed on 04 roads are used to detect the sound of an emergency vehicle. The signal of sound sensor is given to the controller, which interrupts the normal execution of traffic flow and gives priority to the road of traffic having emergency vehicle to pass.

Fig. I. Four way traffic with sensor module III. STATE MACHINE, STATE TABLE AND HARDWARE

If any one of the road's IR sensor is sensed, respective time

DESCRIPTION

is given as per the no. of sensors, which sensed the input for the

Working of IA-TLC system is given by the algorithm

particular traffic to pass. But if again the same sensor senses

shown by flowchart in Fig.4

the signal then controller checks for other roads sensor's status and provides the service accordingly. For switching of traffic lights from one state to another, following method is executed: i.

When provided pass time for a particular traffic is

1------..1

about to finish and still vehicles are available on current traffic

Allot time for Traffic of sensed

sound sensor to pass

r

road then current pass signal turns red only if vehicle on other

ChecK fo activation of

road is sensed, otherwise current traffic road signal remains

RC sensor of traffic having

green. 11.

RED signal

When the allotted time of a current traffic finishes and

still there is no traffic on current as well as on other roads, then

Turn on Camera module

current traffic road signal remains green unless other roads

r

sense traffic [3].

Send camera image to Road Traffic Authority fo further Actions

B. IA-TLC Implementation Model Fig. 2 shows the implementation of IA-TLC using Spartan3E board interfaced with sensors and camera module.

Fig. 4. Flow chart of IA-TLC A. State Diagram State diagram is shown in the Fig. 5. It contains states SO­ S34. There will be transition from one state to other as per the traffic available on the road. State S22 is for allowing the traffic

of

road

in

which

emergency

vehicle

is

sensed,

accordingly any one out of S23, S24, S25, S26 is executed. State Sl is executed only if no road is having emergency vehicle.

State Sl checks the activated sensor with priority of

checking sequence a, b, c, d and accordingly pass time is given for traffic to pass. Fig. 2. Model of the IA-TLC

619

D. Camera module

E. JR sensor status as per state table Traffic of

When the allowed traffic is passing that is respective RC

corresponding roads, sensors status, and time given for green

Table I. shows an interpretation of States,

sensor senses logic 1 and remaining RC sensor receives logic

and yellow light. If sensor al detects the traffic, otherwise al=0. e.g.

al=l,

0, then logic 0 is provided to the camera and camera is in ideal

8ensors al,a2,a3 are used to check the

position. If along with the allowed traffic, traffic of a restricted

traffic intensity of road 1.

road is trying to cross the respective RC sensor then logic 1 is provided to camera module and it captures images, which are

C. Provision of allowing Emergency Vehicles

forwarded to Road Traffic Authority for further action.

It is our social responsibility to allow the emergency IV. SIMULATION RESULT AND DISCUSSION

vehicle to pass first. But sometimes the emergency vehicles get stuck in the traffic jams or they have to wait in a queue till they

Timing and simulation is one of the methods of verifying

are allowed to pass. Here an emergency vehicle is detected by

result of the design [5]. In simulation result Id [11:0] represent

using the sound sensors (881, 882, 883, and 884). According

12 traffic

to the signal sensed by the sound sensor, controller checks whether the detected sound signal is from the same road and passed. Otherwise allow the traffic of road in which emergency emergency If

vehicle more

default

than

one

sequence sound

of

traffic

sensor

RC3 are sensors of traffic 3. dl, d2, d3, 884, RC4 are sensors of traffic 4. Camera is output signal which is high on camera

flow

detects

activation.

the

For Implementation of AI-TLC, Clock divider module is

emergency vehicle at a time, for that priorities are given as

used to divide clock frequency by 24, which divides the clock

881, 882, 883, and 884. Result is shown in Fig. 8.

frequency upto 3Hz. But for the simulation result clock divider

TABLE I. TRAFFIC PASS TIME WITH SENSORS ACTIVATION T raffic

of Road

Stat-5R 5$j)M>i b1e For,a!Jk:n.v1�g T'r.aff:t:: to pas;!.

Traffic

SO

R

51

R

S2

R1

Light

56

Tl

57

G1

S8

59

Y1

53

R2

510 T2

511

G2

512 513

Y2

54

R3

514 T3

515

G3

516

T2

T3

'T4

Light(SEC)

A. Sensor aJ-cJc2-dJ-RC2 is sensed

If SoW'td S'f-mor �GCd Statf:-S2.2., othel"\vise:S1

8tate 80 checks for emergency vehicles, if it is not sensed it checks sensor a1. 8tate 86 makes traffic-l light Green then

For a·=>52, b=>53,. c=>S4, d=>55 a2

a.3

1

0

0

6

1

1

0

12

8tate 818 makes traffic-4 light Green and it remains Green as

1

1

1

15

no other road is sensed with traffic. RC2 is sensed when traffic

3

-2 is blocked, hence camera module is activated, by making

b1

b2

b3

0

camera signal high. Fig.6. shows result of this traffic condition.

1

0

0

6

E. Sensor dJd2-SS2-RC4 is sensed

1

1

0

12

1

1

1

15

a1

0

Yellow and then Red. For sensor cl and c2, 8tate 815 makes

[SE:NSOR:I i!.::�.5'dI

traffic-3 light Green, then Yellow and then Red. For sensor dl,

ISEN50R1l;;""""tl]

Fig.7 shows, state 819 is executed for sensor activation of sensor dl and d2, making traffic light green for traffic-4 and if

3

c1

c2

c3

in between emergency vehicle is sensed on traffic-2, controller

0

[:SENSoRc'i:;-::c.m;Hf}

takes action by making traffic-4 light Yellow then Red and

1

0

0

6

1

1

0

12

1

1

1

15

traffic -2. When traffic-2 is allowed and RC3 is sensed, it

3

means someone has crossed Red signal. As a result, camera

d2

d3

0

module will be activated and it captures image of defaulter.

C. Sensor SSJ-SS2 are sensed at the same time

allows Emergency vehicle to pass by making Green signal on

Y3

55

R4

d1

1

0

0

6

G4

1

1

0

12

1

1

1

15

8tate 822 transit to state 823, 827, 831 for 881=1, it

3

allows traffic 1 to pass first and then states 824, 828, 832 are

519 520

Tl

under different 5 conditions is given below.

Res,pe-crive Tr;;dfic

517

518 T4

module is not used. 8imulation of Traffic Light Controller

nm"�f