2015 International Conference on Industrial Instrumentation and Control (ICIC) Col/ege ofEngineering Pune, India. May28-30,2015
Intelligent and Adaptive Traffic Light Controller (IA-TLC) using FPGA Mr. Shashikant V. Lahade
Mr. S.R. Hirekhan
Assistant Professor, Electronics and Communication Engg.
Associate Professor, Electronics & Communication Dept.
Kavikulguru Institute of Technology and Science, Ramtek
Govt. College of Engg. Aurangabad
Nagpur, India
India
[email protected]
[email protected]
in real time and correspondingly upgrades the count value of
Abstract-For the economic development and progress of any country,
roads
play
an
important
role
by
providing
counters [4]. M.F.M.Sabri, M.H.Husin et.al proposed TLC
transportation ease for goods as well as for passengers. The
allocating effective time between various users during peak and
number of vehicles on road is increasing day by day which are
off-peak hours [5). Sourav Nath, Chandrajit Pal et.al proposed
controlled by the traditional Traffic Light Controller in the
24-hour TLC of a twelve road structure and discussed design
countries like India and other developing countries. In traditional
tradeoff with respect to the device component utilization, speed
Traffic Light Controller, fixed time is allotted for traffic on each
and
road to pass irrespective of the traffic intensity. This is an inefficient controlling method which consumes time, effort and
using Intelligent
capabilities
and
its
corresponding
traffic light controller reducing no. of traffic signal LEDs to
sensing and giving priority for the emergency vehicles to pass This problem is addressed by
handling
Whig presented design and simulation of a power efficient
fuel of users unnecessarily; also it doesn't have any provision of first.
power
optimization techniques [1]. latin Shridhar, Ruchin, Pawan
five [6). Prashant Kumar Singhi, Philemon Danief presented a
and
TLC, in which 24 hours of a day has been divided into five
Adaptive Traffic Light Controller (IA-TLC) implemented on
time zones, and they accordingly designed 5 algorithms using
FPGA using verilog as an example ofFSM with 35 states. FPGA,
Cortex-MO in VHDL [7]. Albagul, M. Hrairi et.al in 2006 used
microcontroller and ASIC designs have been used for traffic light
MATLAB for simulation and Lab VIEW integrated system for
controller. Reason for selecting FPGA is that it has numerous merits over microcontroller in TLC design. Some of these merits
interfacing the IR sensors. Complete set of traffic light system
are high speed of operation, more number of inputloutput ports
is synchronized with the sensors
and better performance 111. In IA-TLC density of traffic is
Ramzanzad and Hamidreza Rashidy Kanan in 2013 proposed
interfaced [8).
Meisam
throughout day and night, and
fuzzy logic based system that addresses problem of traffic,
accordingly time is allotted for users to pass. Other advantages of
pollution and transit time of vehicles at the intersection [9]. In
sensed by using IR sensors
this system are: i) System senses emergency vehicles on the
one of the studies, Mealy FSM is used for TLC and the effects
individual road moreover it gives priority to the traffic of that
of state encoding schemes are compared on the basis of size of
particular road where the emergency vehicles is sensed. ii) Finds
synthesized circuit by M. Ali Qureshi, Abdul Aziz, and S.
out defaulter who crosses the red signal by capturing images
Hammad Raza and it was found that one-Hot encoding scheme
using camera. IA-TLC is successfully implemented on Spartan 3E FPGA
and
same
module
is
simulated
for
is the best choice in terms of device utilization [10).
Spartan-3E,
The ambition of this development is to direct the traffic
Spartan-6, Virtex-5 FPGA.
movement of intersecting roads and to realize optimal use of
Keywords-IA-TLC(lntelligent and Adaptive Traffic Light Controller}; Veri/og; FSM(Finite State Machine}; FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array}; IR Sensor; Traffic I.
the traffic time [5]. The idea behind intelligent traffic systems is that drivers will not spend unnecessary time waiting for the traffic lights to change [8] , save fuel consumption and reduce pollution of vehicles which are in traffic queue.
INTRODUCTION
This paper is organized in the following ways: section I
On account of tremendous growth in the industrial sector,
provide the work carried out by different researchers. Four way
people need to travel from one place to another by road for
road structure and
employment and social activities. The economy of a country is
which
is
addressed by
many
researchers
implementation model along
with
machine used to structure the IA-TLC module, its operational
on road is greatly enhanced, which equally becomes a social problem
its
complete overview of the IA-TLC are given in section II. State
greatly affected due to traffic congestion as number of vehicles
algorithm
using
Simulation
different approaches for different traffic conditions[I][2).
and
related
results
hardware
under
is
different
given
in
section
III.
traffic
conditions
are
discussed under Section IV. Section V discusses about Power
EI-Medany and Hussain have implemented FPGA-Based
Estimation
and
Resource
utilization
when
the
design
is
24-hour TLC that manages traffic movement of four roads and
simulated for different FPGA boards. Section VI includes
reached maximum utilization of the traffic during rush hour
Conclusion and Future Scope of IA-TLC.
and normal time [3). Shwetank Singh and Shailendra C. Badwaik's implemented TLC senses the density of the traffic
978-1-4799-7165-7/15/$31.00 ©2015
IEEE
618
II. INTELLIGENT AND ADAPTIVE TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROLLER
C. Block Diagram of IA-TLC The block diagram of IA-TLC is depicted in the Fig. 3.
�
A. Four road traffic structure
11
111---------; POWER SUPPLY , FIELD IKI WAYTRAFFIC LIGHT MODULE I IDETECT R SENSOR MODULE TO 1 _ PROGRAMMABLE I TRAFFIC INTENSITY I" :::';Y 4SHOWWAY7WAISEGMENT TING TIMDlESTOPLAYTO USER L1H SOUND SENSOR TO DETECT L U CAMERA MODULE TO CAPTURE L I -l IMAGES OF DEFAULTER r H EMERGENCYVEHICLE I" �f� f , RC SENSOR MODULE TO ACTIVATE CAMERA I I IMAGES TO RTO FOR FURTHER ACTIONS I ,----,----1
Here Ti is the traffic of ith road, e.g. Tl- traffic of 1st road, RC is Infrared sensor for activation of camera module. SS is a sound sensor for detection of emergency vehicle. For traffic
4
T1, sensors aI, a2, a3 are installed at a distance of 15 feet, 30 feet and 45 feet respectively. Similarly for traffic T2, T3 and T4 sensors installed b, c, d respectively. All these sensors are installed as per the earlier said distance of Tl traffic. Fig. l.
SPARTAN 3E·IOOCPll2
shows, four way traffic with sensor module.
�__________
Fig. 3. Block Diagram oflA-TLC FPGA Spartan-3E (Basys 2 Board) is used as a controlling
1-------;0=o 02
_
unit, and all the blocks are powered by a single power supply.
�
tI HI
Sound sensors (SSi) installed on 04 roads are used to detect the sound of an emergency vehicle. The signal of sound sensor is given to the controller, which interrupts the normal execution of traffic flow and gives priority to the road of traffic having emergency vehicle to pass.
Fig. I. Four way traffic with sensor module III. STATE MACHINE, STATE TABLE AND HARDWARE
If any one of the road's IR sensor is sensed, respective time
DESCRIPTION
is given as per the no. of sensors, which sensed the input for the
Working of IA-TLC system is given by the algorithm
particular traffic to pass. But if again the same sensor senses
shown by flowchart in Fig.4
the signal then controller checks for other roads sensor's status and provides the service accordingly. For switching of traffic lights from one state to another, following method is executed: i.
When provided pass time for a particular traffic is
1------..1
about to finish and still vehicles are available on current traffic
Allot time for Traffic of sensed
sound sensor to pass
r
road then current pass signal turns red only if vehicle on other
ChecK fo activation of
road is sensed, otherwise current traffic road signal remains
RC sensor of traffic having
green. 11.
RED signal
When the allotted time of a current traffic finishes and
still there is no traffic on current as well as on other roads, then
Turn on Camera module
current traffic road signal remains green unless other roads
r
sense traffic [3].
Send camera image to Road Traffic Authority fo further Actions
B. IA-TLC Implementation Model Fig. 2 shows the implementation of IA-TLC using Spartan3E board interfaced with sensors and camera module.
Fig. 4. Flow chart of IA-TLC A. State Diagram State diagram is shown in the Fig. 5. It contains states SO S34. There will be transition from one state to other as per the traffic available on the road. State S22 is for allowing the traffic
of
road
in
which
emergency
vehicle
is
sensed,
accordingly any one out of S23, S24, S25, S26 is executed. State Sl is executed only if no road is having emergency vehicle.
State Sl checks the activated sensor with priority of
checking sequence a, b, c, d and accordingly pass time is given for traffic to pass. Fig. 2. Model of the IA-TLC
619
D. Camera module
E. JR sensor status as per state table Traffic of
When the allowed traffic is passing that is respective RC
corresponding roads, sensors status, and time given for green
Table I. shows an interpretation of States,
sensor senses logic 1 and remaining RC sensor receives logic
and yellow light. If sensor al detects the traffic, otherwise al=0. e.g.
al=l,
0, then logic 0 is provided to the camera and camera is in ideal
8ensors al,a2,a3 are used to check the
position. If along with the allowed traffic, traffic of a restricted
traffic intensity of road 1.
road is trying to cross the respective RC sensor then logic 1 is provided to camera module and it captures images, which are
C. Provision of allowing Emergency Vehicles
forwarded to Road Traffic Authority for further action.
It is our social responsibility to allow the emergency IV. SIMULATION RESULT AND DISCUSSION
vehicle to pass first. But sometimes the emergency vehicles get stuck in the traffic jams or they have to wait in a queue till they
Timing and simulation is one of the methods of verifying
are allowed to pass. Here an emergency vehicle is detected by
result of the design [5]. In simulation result Id [11:0] represent
using the sound sensors (881, 882, 883, and 884). According
12 traffic
to the signal sensed by the sound sensor, controller checks whether the detected sound signal is from the same road and passed. Otherwise allow the traffic of road in which emergency emergency If
vehicle more
default
than
one
sequence sound
of
traffic
sensor
RC3 are sensors of traffic 3. dl, d2, d3, 884, RC4 are sensors of traffic 4. Camera is output signal which is high on camera
flow
detects
activation.
the
For Implementation of AI-TLC, Clock divider module is
emergency vehicle at a time, for that priorities are given as
used to divide clock frequency by 24, which divides the clock
881, 882, 883, and 884. Result is shown in Fig. 8.
frequency upto 3Hz. But for the simulation result clock divider
TABLE I. TRAFFIC PASS TIME WITH SENSORS ACTIVATION T raffic
of Road
Stat-5R 5$j)M>i b1e For,a!Jk:n.v1�g T'r.aff:t:: to pas;!.
Traffic
SO
R
51
R
S2
R1
Light
56
Tl
57
G1
S8
59
Y1
53
R2
510 T2
511
G2
512 513
Y2
54
R3
514 T3
515
G3
516
T2
T3
'T4
Light(SEC)
A. Sensor aJ-cJc2-dJ-RC2 is sensed
If SoW'td S'f-mor �GCd Statf:-S2.2., othel"\vise:S1
8tate 80 checks for emergency vehicles, if it is not sensed it checks sensor a1. 8tate 86 makes traffic-l light Green then
For a·=>52, b=>53,. c=>S4, d=>55 a2
a.3
1
0
0
6
1
1
0
12
8tate 818 makes traffic-4 light Green and it remains Green as
1
1
1
15
no other road is sensed with traffic. RC2 is sensed when traffic
3
-2 is blocked, hence camera module is activated, by making
b1
b2
b3
0
camera signal high. Fig.6. shows result of this traffic condition.
1
0
0
6
E. Sensor dJd2-SS2-RC4 is sensed
1
1
0
12
1
1
1
15
a1
0
Yellow and then Red. For sensor cl and c2, 8tate 815 makes
[SE:NSOR:I i!.::�.5'dI
traffic-3 light Green, then Yellow and then Red. For sensor dl,
ISEN50R1l;;""""tl]
Fig.7 shows, state 819 is executed for sensor activation of sensor dl and d2, making traffic light green for traffic-4 and if
3
c1
c2
c3
in between emergency vehicle is sensed on traffic-2, controller
0
[:SENSoRc'i:;-::c.m;Hf}
takes action by making traffic-4 light Yellow then Red and
1
0
0
6
1
1
0
12
1
1
1
15
traffic -2. When traffic-2 is allowed and RC3 is sensed, it
3
means someone has crossed Red signal. As a result, camera
d2
d3
0
module will be activated and it captures image of defaulter.
C. Sensor SSJ-SS2 are sensed at the same time
allows Emergency vehicle to pass by making Green signal on
Y3
55
R4
d1
1
0
0
6
G4
1
1
0
12
1
1
1
15
8tate 822 transit to state 823, 827, 831 for 881=1, it
3
allows traffic 1 to pass first and then states 824, 828, 832 are
519 520
Tl
under different 5 conditions is given below.
Res,pe-crive Tr;;dfic
517
518 T4
module is not used. 8imulation of Traffic Light Controller
nm"�f
