Interaction Between the Type of School and Learning

Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

ScienceDirect Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 219 (2016) 838 – 845

UG*OREDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ%XVLQHVVDQG6RFLDO6FLHQFH*&%66'HFHPEHU .XDOD/XPSXU0DOD\VLD

,QWHUDFWLRQEHWZHHQWKH7\SHRI6FKRRODQG/HDUQLQJ2XWFRPHVLQ 6WXGHQW¶V6RIW6NLOOV(QKDQFHPHQWWKURXJK&RRSHUDWLYH/HDUQLQJ 0RGHO4XDVL([SHULPHQWRQ9RFDWLRQDO6WXGHQWVLQ%DQGXQJ  1XJUDKDD ,PDV3XUQDPDVDULE+HUDHQL7DQXDWPRGMRF a,b,c

Indonesia University of Education, Jl. Dr Setiabudhi 229, 40154, Bandung, Indonesia

$EVWUDFW 7KLV VWXG\ ZDV WR PHDVXUH LQWHUDFWLRQ EHWZHHQ VFKRRO W\SH DQG OHDUQLQJ RXWFRPHV LQ LPSURYLQJ VWXGHQWV¶ VRIW VNLOOV WKURXJK FRRSHUDWLYHOHDUQLQJLQYRFDWLRQDOVWXGHQWVLQ%DQGXQJ7KHVWXG\ZDVFRQGXFWHGWKURXJKTXDVLH[SHULPHQWVRQWKUHHW\SHVRI YRFDWLRQDO VFKRROV QDPHO\ 3XEOLF 9RFDWLRQDO 6FKRRO ZLWK ³$´*UDGH 3ULYDWH9RFDWLRQDO ZLWK ³$´ *UDGHDQG RWKHU WKDQ ³$´ *UDGH7KHVWXG\LQYROYHGVWXGHQWVLQVL[FODVVHVRIREVHUYDWLRQ'DWDZHUHDQDO\]HGXVLQJIDFWRULDOGHVLJQ[[ ZLWK WKUHHZD\V$129$PRGHOV5HVXOWVVKRZHGWKDWWKHUHLVDQLQWHUDFWLRQEHWZHHQFRRSHUDWLYHOHDUQLQJVFKRROW\SHVDQGOHDUQLQJ RXWFRPHVWRLQFUHDVHVWXGHQWV¶VRIWVNLOOV



© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ‹7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU/WG (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKH2UJDQL]LQJ&RPPLWWHHRIWKHUG*&%66 Peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of the 3rd GCBSS-2015 Keywords:,QQRYDWLRQ0DUNHWLQJ3HUIRUPDQFH:RPHQSUHQHXU)DVKLRQ&UHDWLYHLQGXVWU\

,QWURGXFWLRQ 7KHH[FHOOHQWKXPDQUHVRXUFHVDUHWKRVHZKRQRWRQO\KDYHWKHDELOLW\RIKDUGVNLOOVEXWDOVRKDYHWKHDELOLW\RI VRIWVNLOOV$FFRUGLQJWRDVWXG\DW+DUYDUG8QLYHUVLW\LQWKH8QLWHG6WDWHVWKDWDSHUVRQ¶VVXFFHVVLVQRWGHWHUPLQHG VROHO\E\WKHNQRZOHGJHDQGWHFKQLFDODELOLWLHVKDUGVNLOOV EXWUDWKHUE\WKHDELOLW\WRPDQDJH\RXUVHOIDQGRWKHUV 



&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU7HO E-mail address:QXJUDKD#XSLHGX

1877-0428 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of the 3rd GCBSS-2015 doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.05.078

Nugraha et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 219 (2016) 838 – 845

839

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¶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¶VRIWVNLOOVGXULQJWKHOHDUQLQJ SURFHVVKDVEHHQVWLOOORZ,WFDQEHVHHQIURPWKHDFWLYLW\FRRSHUDWLRQPXWXDOUHVSHFWWKHDELOLW\WRDVNTXHVWLRQV RUDQVZHUTXHVWLRQV,QWKLVFDVHWKHUHVKRXOGEHHIIRUWVWRVROYHSUREOHPVWKURXJKWKHDSSOLFDWLRQRIDPRGHORI VWXGHQWFHQWHUHGOHDUQLQJ2QHRIWKHOHDUQLQJDFWLYLWLHVWKDWFDQEHGRQHLVWKHGHYHORSPHQWPRGHORIFRRSHUDWLYH OHDUQLQJ7KLVVWXG\LVOLPLWHGWRWKHGHYHORSPHQWRI&RRSHUDWLYH0RGHOWR,PSURYH6WXGHQWV¶6RIW6NLOOVLQWHUPVRI VFKRROW\SHDQGVWXGHQWOHDUQLQJRXWFRPHV6FKRROW\SHVLQWKLVVWXG\ZHUHGLYLGHGLQWRWKUHHQDPHO\3XEOLF6FKRROV ZLWK³$´JUDGH3ULYDWH6FKRROVZLWK³$´JUDGHDQG3ULYDWH6FKRROVZLWKRWKHUWKDQ³$´JUDGH6WXGHQWOHDUQLQJ RXWFRPHVZHUHGLYLGHGLQWRWKUHHQDPHO\+LJK0HGLXPDQG/RZ 7KHIRUPXODWLRQRIWKHSUREOHPLQWKHUHVHDUFK,VWKHUHDQLQWHUDFWLRQEHWZHHQWKHOHDUQLQJPRGHODQGWKHW\SHRI VFKRRORQWKHVWXGHQWV¶VRIWVNLOOVDELOLWLHV:KHWKHUWKHUHLVDQLQWHUDFWLRQEHWZHHQWKHPRGHORIOHDUQLQJDQGVWXGHQW OHDUQLQJRXWFRPHVRQWKHVWXGHQWV¶VRIWVNLOOVDELOLWLHV:KHWKHUWKHUHLVDQLQWHUDFWLRQEHWZHHQW\SHRIVFKRRODQG VWXGHQW OHDUQLQJ RXWFRPHV RQ WKH VWXGHQWV¶ VRIW VNLOOV DELOLWLHV  :KHWKHU WKHUH LV DQ LQWHUDFWLRQ EHWZHHQ OHDUQLQJ PRGHOVW\SHVRIVFKRROVDQGOHDUQLQJRXWFRPHVRQWKHVWXGHQWV¶VRIWVNLOOVDELOLWLHV 7KHRUHWLFDO)UDPHZRUN 2.1 Cooperative Learning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

840

Nugraha et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 219 (2016) 838 – 845

&RRSHUDWLYH OHDUQLQJ LV D WHDFKLQJ VWUDWHJ\ WKDW LQYROYHV D JURXSRI VWXGHQWV ZRUN FROODERUDWLYHO\ WRDFKLHYH D FRPPRQJRDO(JJHQDQG.DXFKDN &RRSHUDWLYH/HDUQLQJLVDQLQVWUXFWLRQDOSDUDGLJPZKLFKXWLOL]HV VPDOO JURXSV VR WKRVH VWXGHQWV ZRUN WRJHWKHU WR PD[LPL]H WKHLU RZQ DQG HDFK RWKHU¶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µ,QFRRSHUDWLYHOHDUQLQJPHWKRGVVWXGHQWZRUNWRJHWKHULQIRXUPHPEHUWHDPVWRPDVWHUPDWHULDOLQLWLDOO\SUHVHQWHG E\WHDFKHU¶ $FFRUGLQJWR6ROLKDWLQ 5DKDUMR FRRSHUDWLYHOHDUQLQJLPSOLHVDQDWWLWXGHRUEHKDYLRULQZRUNRUKHOS DPRQJ RWKHUV LQ WKH VWUXFWXUH RI WKH UHJXODU FRRSHUDWLRQ LQ JURXSV FRQVLVWLQJ RI WZR RU PRUH SHRSOH ZKHUH HPSOR\PHQW VXFFHVV LV VWURQJO\ LQIOXHQFHG E\ WKH LQYROYHPHQW RI HYHU\ PHPEHU RI WKH JURXS LWVHOI &RRSHUDWLYH OHDUQLQJFDQDOVREHLQWHUSUHWHGDVDVWUXFWXUHFRPPRQWDVNLQDQDWPRVSKHUHRIWRJHWKHUQHVVDPRQJPHPEHUVRIWKH JURXS )URPWKHGHILQLWLRQDERYHLWFDQEHFRQFOXGHGWKDWWKHFRRSHUDWLYHOHDUQLQJPRGHOLVDVWXGHQWRULHQWHGPRGHO ZKHUHVWXGHQWVDFWLYHO\DVNHGHDFKRWKHUUHVSHFWWKHRSLQLRQVRIRWKHUV6WXGHQWVVKDUHWKHWDVNWRWKHJURXSZKLFK KDV D PXWXDO DLG EHWZHHQ KLJK DFKLHYHPHQW WR IULHQGV ZKR KDYH ORZ DFKLHYHPHQW WR XQGHUVWDQG HDFK RWKHU DQG XQGHUVWDQGZKDWLVEHLQJVWXGLHG 2.2 Concept of Soft Skills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³EODFNDQG ZKLWH´ EXW UDWKHU DQ DJUHHPHQW  $VVXPLQJ DOO WHDFKHUV IXOO\ XQGHUVWDQG WKH ³FRQWHQW´ WKDW IRVWHUHG OHDUQLQJ DQG ³XQGHUVWDQG´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

841

Nugraha et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 219 (2016) 838 – 845

7DEOH'DWD$QDO\VLVDQG6WDWLVWLFDO7HVWRI6WXG\ 7HVW'HVLUHG (IIHFWRI,QWHUDFWLRQRI$DQG%[ RQ