Arts
Interactive Futures:
Young People’s Mediated Lives in the Asia Pacific and Beyond Monday December 1 & Tuesday December 2, 2014 Monash University, Caulfield Campus Melbourne
Welcome from the Conference Conveners Welcome to Monash’s Caulfield Campus, and to Interactive Futures: Young People’s Mediated Lives in the Asia Pacific and Beyond. We are thrilled you can join us for this event, which brings together scholars from around the Asia Pacific region as well as from the Europe and the UK. This conference explores young people’s engagement with new modes of mediated communication, self-expression and culture-making across the Asia Pacific and beyond. Over the next two days we will map young people’s mediated lives in the region, consider implications for citizenship, ethics, political & cultural agency and social bonds, and engage in debate about the ways emplacement, embodiment, and location shape youth access to and practices with media—new and old, virtual and material. We are very excited about all of the papers to be presented across the next two days, as well as the book-launch and welcome drinks event at Mamadukes Cafe, Monday December 1, and the conference dinner at Zurouna, Monday December 1. We’d like to thank Monash University and the Sociology programme in the School of Social Sciences, as well as Griffith University and the Griffith Centre for Cultural Research, for their support that has made this conference possible. We also appreciate the assistance of the Monash Asia Institute. Our sincere thanks also goes to Halina Bluzer, Jenny Williams, Kim Podger and Christina McKinley for their hard work behind the scenes. This conference is an inaugural event of the Consortium for Youth, Generations and Culture, which brings together youth researchers across institutions and disciplines in our region. We acknowledge the Traditional Owners, and Elders past and present, of all the lands on which Monash University operates. Thanks for your participation and we wish you a great conference! From the conference convenors, Catherine Strong, Anita Harris, Andy Bennett, Amy Dobson and Jonathan Smith
Day One – Monday December 1, 2014 8.45 am
Arrival and registration
H1.16
9.00 am
Welcome Introduction & Opening
H1.16
9.15 am
Keynote
H1.16
10.30 am
Morning Tea Break
H1.16
10.50 am
Concurrent Session 1a: Politics and Activism
H1.16
Neil Selwyn: Unequal Futures: Young people and digital inequalities in the Asia Pacific and beyond
Session Chair: Jonathan Smith
Cecilia Hilder: Motivations and everyday digital practices of young Australians involved with youth-led activist organisations Ariadne Vromen: Everyday use of Facebook and Twitter for political engagement: a comparison of young people in Australia, UK and USA Jonathan Smith: Sharing is caring: young Australians’ online political Involvement Airi-Alina Allaste: Everyday activism
Concurrent Session 1b: Social Media and Gender
H8.06
Session Chair: Amy Dobson
Matt Hart: On the edge: Young people's NSFW blogs on Tumblr Peter Bansel & Emma Keltie: Facebook 52: a celebration of diversity or identity emporium? Akane Kanai: Best friends, boyfriends, hot guys and other girls: spectatorial girlfriendship and postfeminism on Tumblr Amy Dobson: Girls, Sexting and Gender Politics: Teen girls as sexual agents? 12.20 pm
Lunch Break
H1.16
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1.20 pm
Concurrent Session 2a: Rethinking Difference and Representation
H1.16
Session Chair: Akane Kanai
Rose Butler: Local kids, refugees and constructions of the deserving citizen: Publics of belonging among young people in regional Australia Laura McKenna: The social construction of young women of refugee backgrounds in the media, and the implications for their participation, identity and wellbeing. Simon Collin, Hamid Saffari and Oliver Callone: Digital technologies and migrant youth in Quebec (Canada): an educational perspective Monique Mulholland: Young people, mediated lives and the problem of difference
Concurrent Session 2b: Literacies and Media Consumption
H8.06
Session Chair: Sue Jackson
Luciana Pangrazio: Exploring young people’s development of critical digital literacies. Luke Gaspard: Children and televisual consumption in postbroadcast era Nicholas Carah: Images and algorithms: brand engagements with young people using social and mobile media Sue Jackson:Celebrity's (im)possibilities of femininity for preteen girls 2.50 pm
Afternoon Tea
H1.16
3.10 pm
Concurrent Session 3a: Subcultures and Fandom
H1.16
Session Chair Catherine Strong
Steven Threadgold: Dolewave: The politics and distinction of a (non)genre Briony Morrison: Grounding Goth: Exploring the role of media in young people's engagements with Goth culture in Adelaide Nipa Saha: Subculture, consumerism, and "tweens" Whitney Monaghan: Queer girls and video compilations: archiving ephemerality
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Concurrent Session 3b: Digital Space, Place & Identities
H8.06
Session Chair: Anne Harris
Raelene Wilding: At home in a digital world? Resettlement and identity-making among refugee youth in Melbourne, Australia Esther Lovely: Media consumption and social networks of young Korean migrants in Brisbane Catherine Waite & Lisa Bourke: Rural young peoples’ perspectives on online sociality: crossing geography and presenting self Anne Harris: Keeping Faith in Dark Times: Creativity, Religion and Samoan Youth Cultures 5.00 pm
Book Launch – Mamadukes Cafe
7.00 pm
Dinner – Zurouna, 304 Toorak Road, South Yarra
H Building Basement
Day Two – Tuesday December 2, 2014 9.00 am
Keynote
H1.16
10.15 am
Morning Tea Break
H1.16
10.30 am
Concurrent Session 4a: Youth, Music and Digital Media
H1.16
Sun Sun Lim: Young People and Media in Asia: Of mobiles and mobilities
Session Chair: Andy Bennett
Ben Green: Digital signal, analogue reception: Peak music experiences and the importance of bodies and places Zoe Armour: The visualisation of Super-Subcultural Capital in the Digital Era Andy Bennett and Catherine Strong: The ‘Virtual Scene’ revisited: Memory, internet and ‘ageing’ youth cultures
Concurrent Session 4b: Literacies, Health & Well-Being
H8.06
Session Chair Julia Coffey
Paul Byron: Social media expertise and sexual health interventions
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Natalie Hendry: Visual and digital methods for the ethical exploration of youth mental illness and recovery Pip Collin & Teresa Swirski: Young people’s place-making in networked publics: The ‘soft power’ of social media Julia Coffey: Images and the virtual: bodies, embodiment and youth 12.00 pm
Lunch Break
H1.16
1.00 pm
Keynote
H1.16
2.15 pm
Concurrent Session 5a: Social Media & Identity
H1.16
Paul Hodkinson: Bedrooms and Beyond: Privacy, Identity and Community In/Between Digital Spaces
Chair: Anita Harris
Brady Robards: Looking back, scrolling down, and growing up on Facebook Lucinda McKnight: Sugar it or Shove it? Girls and Social Bookmarking on Sugarscape.com Fiona MacDonald: Underage Networking: Exploring the social networking journey of U13 Anita Harris: Social Media, (Post)Feminist Girls and the Legacy of Grrrlpower
Concurrent Session 5b: Digital Citizenship Chair: Jonathan Smith
H8.06
Rosalyn Black, Lucas Walsh, Pip Collin & Amanda Third: (Re)imagining the digital citizen Perri Campbell and Luke Howie: Networked Civic Participation and the Guerrilla Self Prashant Pillay: The Problem of Letting Technology Take Over - Why New Media platforms may not Necessarily Improve Youth Political Communication John Smyth & Tim Harrison: The ‘hidden transcripts’ of digital natives in the peri-urban jungle: young people making sense of their use of social/digital media 3.45 pm
Afternoon Tea
H1.16
4.00 pm
Conference Close & Farewell
H1.16
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Speakers Airi-Alina Allaste (University of Tallinn, Estonia) Abstract: Everyday activism Recent trends indicate that conventional political participation (for example in elections and mainstream political organisations etc.) is declining and being replaced by new, more individualised forms of political sensibility. New theoretical approaches to the study of activism have broadened to include ‘consumer’ and ‘lifestyle’ politics, where the precise dividing line between the ‘social’ and ‘political’ is blurred. Activism is partly perceived to have transitioned into spheres everyday activity that have previously not been considered ‘political’ in the conventional sense of the term. The empirical section of this paper is based on material collected in the framework of the large-scale European project MYPLACE. An in-depth micro-level analyses is based on interviews with young people from Estonia. Together 60 young people aged from 16-26 were interviewed in two contrasting locations. Initial findings indicate that different forms of everyday activism such as participation through the internet, signing petitions and political consumption is also determined by social context, awareness of particular as well as belief in the opportunity to exert political influence.
Zoe Armour (De Monfort University) Abstract: The visualisation of Super-Subcultural Capital in the Digital Era This paper explores the German website CLR.net (Create Learn Realize) as an example of 'online' dance subculture. In this context CLR is a virtual space that provides a transnational techno audience with an extended participatory experience. This experience is 'visible' beyond the boundaries of the physical arena of the dance event, occupying some of the domestic space in the everyday. The techno user as amateur consumer and producer is therefore, translated into an immersive world that is replete with the familiar and recognisable assembly of online mediated experiences. Here the proactive participation of the authentic techno reveller is supported and encouraged by i) the specificity of information available on the site and ii) via its convergence of network links such as vimeo and be@tv. Accordingly, 'online' dance subculture is considered to function as extended and socially created phenomena. As such this appears to lack attention in the scholarship that focuses on the public/ virtual sphere paradigm through the contemporary lens of social agency (Margaret Archer, 1995). The 'CLR techno scene' is therefore, explored through a combination of mutually supporting analysis of on/offline participation. It finds a relationship between consumption, technology, and culture that informs a category invented for this project: SSC (Super-Subcultural Capital). Subsequently, SSC offers an expansion on the notion of ‘subcultural capital’ in relation to Sarah Thornton’s (1995) seminal work on club cultures (as an adaptation of Pierre Bourdieu’s (1979) ‘cultural capital’). This work therefore, recognises the idea of CLR online as socially and economically constructed in a global economy through the realisation of a 'glocalised' dance scene that is increasingly dependent on the virtual participation of its fans for its sustainability as a financial enterprise in the promotion of the urban dance event. 6
Peter Bansel & Emma Keltie (University of Western Sydney) Abstract: Facebook 52: a celebration of diversity or identity emporium? Facebook (USA) has recently extended gender options on the user profile page from three (male, female, blank) to 52. In reading this as the emergence of a new taxonomy of gendered subjectivity and consumer/subjects generated by the market, we contemplate the interactions with digital/new media technologies young people engage in and the ways in which these technologies facilitate online spaces for the production and consumption of gendered identities. We also contemplate the invisible digital labour users/consumers perform when negotiating and choosing online identities, as well as the impacts of these choices. Working with data collected from online surveys and focus groups with queer young people aged between 14 and 26, we consider the digital labour involved in choosing or recognising oneself to be an intelligible subject with particular identities, bodies and desires. We pay particular attention to the ways in which digital media simultaneously open up and commercially exploit possibilities for being and becoming. We also explore the rupture between the possibilities of multiplicity in the online space and lived experiences in offline space. Finally we confess to an uneasiness mobilised by data that suggests that as the visibility of non-heteronormative performances of gender increases, so too do experiences of homophobia, transphobia and other forms of violence.
Andy Bennett (Griffith University) and Catherine Strong (Monash University) Abstract: The ‘Virtual Scene’ Revisited: Memory, internet and ‘ageing’ youth cultures In 2004 Bennett and Peterson’s (eds) Music Scenes: Local, Trans-local and Virtual introduced the concept of the virtual music scene alongside the then recognized notion of local and trans-local scenes. Although in many ways a subtle extension of scene theory to the digital domain, the virtual scene has been posited as a new way to explore the socio-cultural dynamics of scene in which physical, face-to-face interaction is supplemented or, in some cases, entirely replaced by on-line interaction. In recent years, work on music, ageing and memory has provided a new impetus for considering the significance of the internet as a means through which individuals are able to maintain a sense of attachment and belonging – read, a sense of ‘sceneness’ – in relation to aspects of musical taste and associated stylistic and aesthetic sensibilities. Often physically and temporally detached from the physical scenes that played such a formative part in their socio-cultural development as teenagers and young adults, ageing members of youth cultures often use the internet as a means through which to (re)connect with others who share in the affective sense of generational association with a particular era of musical and stylistic innovation. This paper considers what a focus on the on-line dimensions of ageing youth culturalists’ interactions may reveal about the relationship between popular music, memory and ageing and the resonance of this with the concept of virtual scene. 7
Rosalyn Black (Monash University), Lucas Walsh (Monash University), Philippa Collin (University of Western Sydney), Amanda Third (University of Western Sydney) Abstract: (Re)Imagining the Digital Citizen Technology has significantly changed the way in which young people interact with one another and the world around them. It has also provided an enlarged space for discourses of youth and risk, and for interventions designed to address this risk. In recent years, both government and the non-profit sectors have invested substantially in policies and initiatives designed to manage the risks allegedly facing young people engaged in online practices, including cyber-bullying, privacy breaches and predation. These policies and initiatives are frequently informed by a limited intergenerational understanding of the online environment as well as by narrow definitions of youth digital citizenship, youth cybercitizenship and youth citizenship in general. This paper draws on a current national research project to suggest that Australian policy and practice is overlooking the more performative, interactive, creative and intimate dimensions of young people’s digital media practices and is, instead, reinforcing and reinscribing tired and deficit discourses and imaginaries of youth that fail to recognise young people’s own imaginaries of digital citizenship, or to support the full range of their mediated lives and practices, including the unauthorised spaces in which they conduct those practices.
Rose Butler (Australian National University) Abstract: Local Kids, “Refugees” and Constructions of the Deserving Citizen: Publics of an “Embittered Self” within Regional Australian Childhoods This paper examines forms of boundary work undertaken by children from lowincome, Anglo-European backgrounds towards “refugees” in a regional Australian context. Based on PhD research data from regional Victoria, it details ways in which these young people, socialising within a cultural environment deemed to be irrevocably hostile, recycled and recontextualised media discourses around “refugees”, “fairness”, denial and the deserving citizen. As social media and TV programs like Today Tonight staged and dramatised everyday life around “refugees”, they effectively provided “moral maps” (Illouz 2003) which circulated through children’s social lives. By engaging with these discourses, children staked claims of belonging at the expense of specific others, establishing indirect relationships across forms of media consumption. Drawing on the works of Eva Illouz, Michele Lamont and Ghassan Hage, this paper analyses young people’s attempts to construct their public identities through such moral maps, and considers how these practices fit within neoliberal constructions of the self which are deeply embedded in the metanarratives of contemporary childhoods.
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Paul Byron (University of New South Wales) Abstract: Social media and sexual health – the problem of expertise Sexual health promoters increasingly seek to engage with young people via social media, often figuring them as tech-savvy, digitally networked, and cyber-literate. These competencies can be simultaneously noted and overlooked, however, due to risk-based approaches and their deficit understandings of young people. Approached as risk-subjects, young people’s knowingness is downplayed while the knowledge of health professionals is foregrounded. Drawing from focus group discussions with young people about social media, this paper questions the difficulties noted by health promoters in reaching young people online. Participants situated themselves as spatially aware, knowledgeable, cautious, and critical in their everyday social media practices. Considering how this expertise is overlooked by ‘health experts’, I draw upon Michel de Certeau’s argument that everyday practices challenge the authority of ‘the Expert’ (1988). Everyday practice theory is useful for understanding how ‘health experts’ often neglect young people’s experiential knowledge, entering social media spaces without careful and meaningful consideration of young people’s digital media cultures. This paper encourages sexual health promoters to be more reflexive of their limited knowledge, more accepting of the plurality of expertise, and thus, more receptive to young people’s social media expertise. I argue that a broader understanding of expertise is necessary for young people’s engagement with sexual health promotion, where their participation and collaboration should be invited and encouraged, and considered as a marker of sexual wellbeing.
Perrie Campbell and Luke Howie (Deakin University) Abstract: Networked Civic Participation and the Guerrilla Self Following uprisings and social movements in countries around the world, there has been increased interest in understanding the relationships between young people’s political practices, civic engagement and use of online spaces, particularly social media. In a 2013 Pew Internet Research Report, Smith (2013) argues that political engagement through social networking sites is ‘especially commonplace’ among young Americans, with two-thirds (67%) of all 18-24 year olds participating in ‘social network-related political activity’. In this paper we argue that young people consume local and transnational practices of the self online, and that this shapes a type of networked civic participation. Through digital-transnational relationships young people are able to re-enact practices and knowledge’s relevant in other, geographically near and far, people’s lives. This type of ‘networked re-enactment’ (King, 2011) results in the production of particular, relational forms of self-hoodknowledge’s and practices. We locate these practices of self by telling a story of guerrilla-selfhood. This is a story about online spaces offering young people an assemblage of fields that foster self/future innovation in the face of uncertain future life pathways.
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Nicholas Carah (University of Queensland) Abstract: Images and algorithms: brand engagements with young people using social and mobile media This paper examines how brands use the participatory and data-driven capacities of social and mobile media to harness young people’s mediation of their everyday lives and identities. I explore three brand experiments with social and mobile media over the past decade: Coca-Cola’s ‘Coke Live’ (2004-2006), Virgin’s V festival (20072009) and the use of Instagram by alcohol and fashion brands since its launch in 2010. By examining this longer history we can trace how the personal avatars CocaCola got young people to build in 2006 were ‘lo-res’ prototypes of the ‘high-res’ branded and brand-building selves young people build today. Young people using mobile devices to create and circulate images are engaged in the work of ‘structuring feeling’ (Hearn 2010). They structure image-based relationships between people, places and practices in online networks. Social and mobile media iteratively develop algorithms that customize these flows of images to broker attention. In an increasingly customized media system brand engagements with young people are not open to public scrutiny. Critical approaches to branding need to get more ethnographic to follow brands ‘below the line’ and more technical to understand their use of algorithms to broker attention. I argue that brands need to be understood in terms of how they use media infrastructure to channel our capacity to judge, pay attention and affect one another.
Julia Coffey (University of Newcastle) Abstract: Images and the virtual: bodies, embodiment and youth Increasing engagement with digital media images can be seen as a particularly significant change in the contemporary experience of youth. A range of sociological work has begun to explore the significance of images in young people’s lives and in relation in particular to concerns about ‘sexting’ and poor body image which is seen to result from problematic engagement with (and creation of) images in young people’s social worlds. In this paper I explore some theoretical dimensions related to sociological approaches to ‘the image’. Representation has been a core way in which sociology has approached images, however recent theoretical developments by Coleman and Ringrose (following poststructural innovations) suggest an alternative understanding of images through the concepts of interactivity, intensity and the virtual. Drawing from this, the paper explores the conceptual and methodological implications of images. This approach is also linked with efforts to rethink the body in youth studies beyond ‘media effects’ to consider relations between bodies and images as affects related to workings of power regulating the body and self. This focus can enable enriched understandings of young people’s bodies and images related to new technologies of social media.
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Philippa Collin and Teresa Swirski (University of Western Sydney) Abstract: Young people’s place-making in networked publics: The ‘soft power’ of social media This paper examines the connective, ‘soft power’ of social media communications in the promotion of young people’s safety and wellbeing. The notion of ‘soft power’ helps to articulate how young people’s everyday social media practices can express their positioning, values and affinity with particular issues. This is in stark contrast to the ‘hard power’ of being directed how to behave by laws and regulations. By conceptualising young people as citizens exercising ‘soft power’ through everyday social media practices researchers, policy-makers and practitioners are faced with new impetus for working with young people to address complex social and health problems. The creation of a social marketing campaign, ‘Appreciate-a-Mate’, is explored as an example of efforts toward navigating and negotiating these tensions. It demonstrates that rather than simply commanding young people to behave in certain ways, the affordances of networked publics require traditional authorities and exercisers of ‘hard power’ to engage with young people’s agency as they co-opt, express and engage in unstructured practices that shape the communities and societies they live in.
Simon Collin, Hamid Saffari and Olivier Calonne (University of Quebec, Montreal) Abstract: Digital Technologies and Migrant Youth in Quebec (Canada): An Educational Perspective The objective of this presentation is to draw a portrait of access and use of digital technologies by migrant youth in Quebec (Canada), from an educational perspective. The field of digital technology use by migrants has been very dynamic since the 2000’s (Mattelard, 2009; Rigoni, 2010). However, few studies focused on migrant youth (ex. Gallant and Friche, 2012) and even fewer on their readiness to use digital technologies for their school integration. Based on a sociocritical approach of digital technologies in education, 236 new young migrants from primary and secondary schools in Montreal (Quebec, Canada) completed a questionnaire, and 158 of them took part in a video-recorded computer activity. A group of reference was composed of six “ordinary” classes. Statistical and content analyses were conducted. We first present access of digital technologies by migrant youth in Quebec and in their source society. We then expose what migrant youth uses digital technologies for, with a particular interest in educational uses. The variations of access and use of digital technologies among our sample were also investigated. We conclude with some educational implications on the role of digital technologies for supporting school integration and learning among migrant youth.
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Amy Dobson (Monash University) Abstract: Sexting and gender politics: Teen girls as sexual agents? The issue of teen sexting, examinations of dominant educational messages about it (Albury & Crawford, 2012; Angelides, 2013) and young people’s own framing of the gender politics around digital sexual representations (Ringrose & Dobson, forthcoming), help to illuminate a key contradiction of the postfeminist era: if women’s sexual empowerment is to be assumed in the post-feminist era—an assumption upon which many popular cultural representations and discourses about women rests (McRobbie, 2009, Gill, 2007)—why are educational approaches so often adopted in Australia and elsewhere in the Anglophone world that assume mediated sexual representations of young women constitute a risk to their safety and wellbeing, and/or a deviant/pathological behaviour that evidences their ‘sexualisation’ and damaging acceptance of dominant ideologies of femininity? Educational messages about sexting and the damaging consequences of it for girls in particular, and some of the problematic gendered experiences of bullying and violence around digital sexual images that have come to light make clear how far we are still from being able to ‘assume’ women’s sexual empowerment. We are also, it seems, still a long way from making the material-discursive space that may be necessary for an actualisation of women’s and girl’s sexual empowerment through our educational approaches to this issue. Here I discuss some data from the discussions with girls in years 10-11 that highlight three ‘C’s I suggest frame the girls’ discussions of sexting discursively and affectively: consequences, consternation, and culpability. As I discuss, girls who are seen to be ‘consensually’ engaging in sexual image production and/or distribution, that is, girls positioned as sexual agents or desiring sexual subjects, appear to confound many of the young people we spoke to.
Luke Gaspard (RMIT University) Abstract: Children and televisual consumption in post-broadcast era Much has been written in relation to the demise of broadcast television in an era where consumption is no longer limited temporally or spatially. The internet and the ubiquitousness of cross-platformed, mobile and online devices offer access opportunities way beyond the capabilities of any subscription services. However with households containing children traditionally being in the vanguard for the dispersal of media technologies amongst wider society, my research demonstrates young people (aged 8 to 12) overwhelmingly prefer consuming their televisual content on broadcast services than via the internet. Utilising a mixed methodological approach blending results from 535 surveys, hundreds of drawings and countless hours of interviews, this paper explores the variations in content consumption based on developmental stage, gender and across class stratifications. With the high cost of subscriptions services seen as primary factor restricting penetration rates in Australia when compared to the US, UK and Europe, children across the four sample sites utilised in this work claim to engage with their favoured programmes via terrestrial services in ratio of 3 to 1. With the predominance of consumption taking place within a regulated framework it is possible to explore whether the Americanisation of the cultural tastes of the young is still a relevant discourse against national efforts emphasising minimum hours of domestic programming. 12
Ben Green (Griffith University) Abstract: Digital signal, analogue reception: importance of bodies and places
Peak
music
experiences
and
the
While digital media have allowed the dematerialisation of music as a commodity and the further disembedding of music-based relationships from locality, they have not severed music’s dependence on embodied and situated experience for its meanings and effects. Music is constructed and mediated by a variety of factors but only completed in the specific experience of reception, never finally but sometimes memorably. This is what enables it to become uniquely entwined with memories and identities, both individual and collective, in youth and beyond. Some experiences with music stand out and for some music fans these "peak music experiences" can be epiphanies, in which meanings, values and belongings are felt, and which are remembered as a way to explain and maintain those important features of individual and collective identity. A pilot study of peak music experiences in the Brisbane indie music scene demonstrates how youthful experiences with music feature in postyouth narratives of self and shape long-term associations and practices. The findings also emphasise the undying importance, for this scene, of the embodied pleasures of music listening in particular spaces.
Anita Harris (Monash University) Abstract: Social Media, (Post)Feminist Girls and the Legacy of Grrrlpower It has been approximately 20 years since the emergence of the young feminist cultural politics of grrrlpower. Since that time, the politicisation of girlness through creative sorority, small scale DIY cultural production and self-expression has been radically expanded and transformed by two social forces: first, a new media landscape wherein DIY politics, public image-making and the construction of tastebased participatory communities are no longer subcultural niche activities but common youth practice, and second, a new positioning of young women as the winners in a world of risk and self-made opportunity. This paper considers the relationship between the 1990s grrrlpower movement and the widespread, take up of can-do girlness in popular and virual cultures today. It focuses particularly on the contemporary social media practices of 'ordinary' girls to open up questions about what kinds of public selves and subcultural politics are possible for young women at this moment, and how girls' now-common engagement with public and DIY selfmaking and mediated social connectivity might be theorised in the context of this grrrlpower legacy.
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Anne Harris (Monash University) Abstract: Keeping Faith in Dark Times: Creativity, Religion and Samoan Youth Cultures This paper addresses the ‘self-curation’ (Cherry 2008) practices of Melbourne-based Samoan youth who develop their creative skills through church-based, cultural, and online creative communities, finding ways to move beyond their often localized material conditions. I explore the ways in which digital media is altering notions of self-representation but also interactivity in a ‘post-representational’ visual global culture. Appadurai (1996) articulates an ever-emergent social imaginary that is generated by a collective imagination process for creating and accessing publics in which diasporic citizens can come together in new kinds of communities. This paper problematizes simplistic narratives of culture, religion and identity, in which notions of embodiment/virtuality remain binarised, and culture/cosmopolitanism move beyond diversity into a functional notion of ‘semblance’ (Massumi 2011). Here I suggest that the online labour of these Samoan youth through their creative performances of self can be understood as illustrative of the emerging notion of mediated ‘connective labour’ (Boler, Harris, Jacobson), crucial to sustaining the networked and affective dimension of (in this case Christian and Samoan) social movements and online communities.
Matthew Hart (University of Western Sydney) Abstract: In this paper, I propose that young people are finding new spaces to interact online, and that these changes have a significant impact on the way we understand how young people conceptualise communities; their sex and sexualities; and their vulnerability to online risks. Like Bennet, who critiqued sub-culture, I argue the affordances of Visual social media platforms (VSMPs) enable abstract/diffuse social gatherings which challenge established understandings of “community”. In order to explore this, I argue that Tumblr, as a VSMP, is distinct from existing social networking sites (SNSs), due to its affordances of pseudonymity and social reciprocity. The study is underpinned by Lyng’s concept of ‘edgework’, in which young people create and share sexual images, in ways which balance exhilaration and freedom against the risks of being recognised or harassed. This qualitative study, in which 25 young people will participate in online in-depth interviews, additionally seeks to inform and develop a successful online methodology that can be applied to further empirical studies of emergent online spaces. What is at stake is the right for young people to be able to explore their sexual identities safely, to speak for and make choices for themselves, and the reframing of youth vulnerability online.
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Natalie Ann Hendry (RMIT University) Abstract: Visual and digital methods for the ethical exploration of youth mental illness and recovery For young people experiencing mental illness, visual digital spaces such as Tumblr and Instagram afford them the means to make visible the often “authentic” or invisible experiences of mental ill-health and recovery. These platforms have been suggested to provide distance from their imagined “real identity” as constructed by other platforms and their engagements with mental health services. Attempting to explore the spectrum of life experiences from everyday events and routines to emotional distressing moments, including self-harm images, is limited by ethical and methodological challenges related to their illnesses, their ages, and the opportunities and constraints of digital media and technology. This paper explores the challenges of researching the everyday visual and digital practices of young people experiencing mental illness. It provides an overview of a project that uses digital and traditional methods, including Tumblr as a data collection site and face-to-face participatory workshops. The paper highlights the tensions in this work related to risk, privacy, authenticity, and the visibility of participants, services and researchers. It concludes with recommendations for future research to support young people’s participation in digital research, and considerations for understanding visual representations of mental illness beyond selfharm and suicidality.
Cecilia Hilder (University of Western Sydney) Abstract: What are the motivations and everyday digital practices of young Australians involved with youth-led activist organisations? Why are young people attracted to and retain membership of these organisations? What are the activities and forms of communication they engage in with them? Drawing on Bakardjieva’s (2009) concept of subactivism, which refers to largely unnoticed everyday individual small-scale decisions and actions with a political or ethical frame of reference (or both), this research aims to contribute to broadening debates around young people and citizenship by examining the informal participatory activities of young people connected to broad networks for political action. In doing so, this research will assist efforts to understand and incorporate young people’s changing engagement practices and attitudes by both new social and political organisations and political parties, governments and other social institutions. Using a mixed methods approach that includes interviews and focus groups and technology walk-throughs and digital diaries, this presentation will provide preliminary data that captures the nuances of young people’s experience and engagement and address conceptual debates around young people’s engagement practices. This research is part of the Safe and Well Online project run out of the Institute for Culture and Society as part of the University of Western Sydney’s Commitment to the Young and Well CRC.
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Paul Hodkinson (University of Surrey) Abstract: Bedrooms and Beyond: Privacy, Identity and Community In/Between Digital Spaces Against a context of increasingly ‘compulsory’ digital sharing cultures, this paper explores questions of online privacy, identity and community through reflecting on the teenage bedroom as analogy for young people’s use of social media. I explore competing understandings of online social spaces as personal or public, raising questions about the extent to which collapsing contexts render young people’s privacy ‘out of control’ or audiences ‘invisible’. While the bedroom may be an awkward fit, I suggest, it continues to infer space that is centred on the individual and facilitates restricted communication and reflexive identity work. I also explore, however, whether the focus on individualised identities that have surrounded use of the bedroom analogy sufficiently captures the ways social media, in connection with a range of other digital resources, continue to have the potential to facilitate distinct youth communities. I suggest there would be value in combining research which focuses upon individualised communication in personal space with continuing studies that take the workings of identifiable cultures and subcultures as their primary point of focus.
_______________________________________________________ Sue Jackson (Victoria University, Wellington) Abstract: In a post-girlpower environment, female celebrities present girls with versions of femininity that emphasise the ‘sexy’, slim, white body as central to ‘empowered’ young womanhood. Although contemporary media texts of (post)femininity have been subjected to extensive critical analysis in feminist scholarship, there has been relatively little exploration of how a young female audience reads these texts and how they relate them to possibilities for becoming young women. In this paper, I take up the question: how do pre-teen girls read and imagine possibilities of young womanhood through the female celebrities they engage with? To address this question I draw on material gathered from a project with 71 pre-teen girls that investigated their engagement with ‘tween’ popular culture in their everyday lives. Specifically, I will focus on extracts from media video diaries in which girls variously aspire to and refuse celebrity performances of young womanhood. I will argue that although to some extent celebrity texts present girls with strong, positive possibilities of young womanhood, these texts are overshadowed by the impossibilities of the postfemininist version of femininity that dominates celebrity performances.
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Akane Kanai Abstract: Best friends, boyfriends, hot guys and other girls: spectatorial girlfriendship and postfeminism on Tumblr This paper proposes to explore how new femininities are created and circulated through DIY media in ‘viral’, shared units of digital culture, from the point of view of the youthful media consumer rather than the traditional mass media broadcaster. I ask the question of how femininity as a collated, share-able form of expression is used and made by individuals, through the negotiation and adaptation of femininity as a commodity distributed by media industries. As a case study, I will discuss the potential of a set of blog memes hosted on the platform of Tumblr, based on the original popular blog, “What Should We Call Me”. These blog memes are notable for their use of GIFs, truncated visual snapshots of pop culture sourced from the Internet, movies and television, in order to express narratives of everyday youthful feminine experience. Using Shifman’s (2011) definition of ‘meme’ as a unit of cultural distribution which can be imitated in content, form and stance, I will discuss how ‘memetic’ youthful femininity is created as a unit of distributable culture, but through appropriation of existing pop culture resources disseminated through digital and broadcast media.
Esther Lovely (University of Queensland) Abstract: Media consumption and social networks of young Korean migrants in Brisbane Throughout the 90s and 2000s, the literature on intercultural communication and identity has shown that cross-cultural adaptation is not a matter of an individual moving from home culture to host culture and adjusting over time but a daily negotiation of identities within a number of subcultures or social environments (Norton, 1995; Matsubara-Jaret, 2008; Park, 2008; Han, 2008). The role of communication in cross-cultural adaptation is central to Young Yun Kim’s integrative theory of cross-cultural adaptation (2001) while synthesizing elements of earlier cross-cultural adaptation models. This study investigates the individual cross-cultural adaptation processes of young Korean migrants in Brisbane, through identifying and mapping their changing social environments. The research develops case studies drawing on a phenomenological approach using retrospective interviews that were conducted with 11 participants over a period of 7 months, and supplemented by timelines and a short questionnaire. Taking into consideration innovations in mass communication since the formulation of Kim's model in 2001, my research aims to modify Kim’s model and produce a model more specific to the experiences of the focus group. Preliminary content analysis of interview transcripts has revealed significant insights into the influence of participants’ social networks and mass media consumption in developing their intercultural identities.
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Fiona MacDonald (Monash University) Abstract: Underage Networking: Exploring the social networking journey of U13s For my PhD project I spent 12 months completing an ethnographic study with a class of Year 6 girls. Focussing on their negotiations and considerations of belonging we spend a lot of time discussing their desire for, and engagement with social networking sites. Not yet 13, the girls’ parents were hesitant to grant them permission to set up their own social networking accounts. Yet many of the girls were ultimately granted access to social media before they turned 13. The trigger for parents appeared to be the girl’s transition to secondary schools and colleges, rather than their 13th birthday. What do young Australians like the girls in my ethnographic study understand about their parents’ hesitant approval of social networking sites, or in many cases approval, before they reach their secondary school years? The girls from my PhD study, reinforced by the reflections of some current Year 7s, provide some valuable insights into the early social networking journey young Victorians travel with their parents. Danah Boyd’s insightful work exploring the dilemma’s parents’ face in deciding when to grant permission to U13s, provide valuable insights into the challenges and anxieties young people and their parents face.
Laura McKenna Abstract: The social construction of young women of refugee backgrounds in the media, and the implications for their participation, identity and wellbeing. This paper will look at how the Australian media socially constructs young women of refugee backgrounds. I argue that the way in which this particular group is framed by the media implicates their experiences of youth participation programs and citizenship. Additionally, the way this group personally identifies and their wellbeing is affected by the way they are constructed within the media. This paper will build on an Honours thesis that was completed in October 2013. The thesis documented an exploratory study investigating the concept and meaning of participatory youth work practice, as experienced by young women of refugee backgrounds in Melbourne. There is a strong body of literature concerned with refugee young women, however the way in which the young women are portrayed can be problematic. Available literature often frames young women of refugee backgrounds as incapable and either helpless or risky, negating their assets and skill-set. This paper will focus primarily on the way Australian media frame young women of refugee backgrounds as either passive victims or risky villains and what implications this has for this group’s identity, wellbeing and participation.
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Lucinda McKnight (Deakin University) Abstract: Title: Sugar it or Shove it? Girls and Social Bookmarking on Sugarscape.com This paper reports on a study of how girlhood is represented and constructed by the popular social bookmarking site, Sugarscape.com, by producers of the site, and also by teenage British girls who use the site, sometimes every day. Sugarscape is a website with an international audience, created by UK girls’ magazine, Sugar and published by Hachette Filippachi; users, or “scapers” as they are called, have the option to “sugar”, “shove”, “share” or comment on “buds” of content posted on the site. Combining a multimodal social semiotic approach with discourse analysis of interviews with girls, the researcher reflects on this methodology as a way of conceptualising the study of any social and textual phenomenon. This research was undertaken for a Masters degree supervised by the Centre for the Study of Children, Youth and Media at the Institute of Education, London. Lucinda McKnight is a doctoral student at Deakin University. She is a lecturer in pre service teacher education and has an MA (Distinction) in Media, Culture and Communication.
Whitney Monaghan (Monash University) Abstract: Queer girls and video compilations: archiving ephemerality While queer characters have long been marginalised within teen film and television, the development of new technologies has created an expanse of new spaces for queer representation. No longer limited to cinema or television screens, representations of teen queerness now seem abundant on video-sharing websites such as YouTube, Tumblr and Vimeo where new forms including mash up, remix, and video blog reign supreme. This paper will consider a series of queer-themed compilation videos sourced from YouTube. These videos, all titled “Lesbians from TV/Film,” are described by their creator as “a compilation of girl-on-girl scenes” from television and film. They consist of short segments featuring the queer teens of films and television series from the 1990s onwards – Once and Again, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Fingersmith, If These Walls Could Talk 2, Lost and Delirious, and The L Word are all included. Reading these video texts through Ann Cvetkovich’s work on archives of feeling, this paper will draw attention to a desire to hold on to the fleeting moments of screen queerness embedded within, and position them as an archive of queer ephemerality.
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Briony Morrison (University of Adelaide) Abstract: ‘Grounding Goth: Exploring the role of engagements with Goth culture in Adelaide.’
media
in
young
people’s
Media technologies such as music recordings and the internet play an important and interconnected role in Postpunk and Dark Alternative communities worldwide. On the one hand, physical copies of music recordings - from vinyl to cassettes and compactdisks - provide physical tokens of social identity and collective association; on the other hand, digital ‘streaming’ and access to digital copies of music over the internet provide an international reach for locally-created music. In addition, the internet provides a platform for diverse and locally-situated communities to access and contribute to global subcultural forms. In Australia, where these young people are geographically isolated from transnational loci of subcultural production, music recordings and the internet mediate connections between localised collective experiences and global cultural forms. In this paper I examine how young people in Postpunk and Dark Alternative communities in Australia employ a range of media and mediated practices to engage with ‘Goth culture’ and negotiate its definition and practice in local realities. I draw on ethnographic research conducted in Adelaide to demonstrate that their engagements and interactions with media and Goth culture act as an anchoring point for what, at first glance, appears as an ephemeral and fragmented collective experience.
Monique Mulholland (Flinders University) Abstract: Young People, Mediated Lives and the Problematic of Difference In a 2013 paper titled Rethinking Difference and Sex Education: From Cultural Diversity to Normative Difference, Jane Haggis and I explored the complex problematic of research on young people and sexuality, problematizing what is meant by ‘difference’’. Here we argued that when research on young people and sexualities is undertaken, the tendency is to ‘add on’ categories of religious difference, cultural diversity and sexual plurality. By reflecting on our own field work into young people’s negotiations of pornified cultures, we remarked on the upshot of this ‘add on’ tactic: however well intentioned, such tactics recentre the heteronormative, unraced subject. This paper extends this analysis to raise exploratory questions about HOW research into young people and sexualised culture can be undertaken in ways that dismantle the normative. Thinking through this problematic has significant methodological and political significance for research with young people located in a world in which they negotiate their sexualities through complex ‘glocal’ routes in popular and youth culture.
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Luciana Pangrazio (Monash University) Abstract: Exploring young people’s development of critical digital literacies This paper will present the findings of a qualitative study of 15 young people’s use of digital media and the critical practices they draw on during their engagement. It will address three related questions - namely: • What critical practices do young people draw upon when engaging with digital media? • How are these critical practices and understandings developed? • What role can schools and educational institutions play in developing spaces in which young people might reflect, analyse and critique their digital practices? Through a series of creative and visual ‘provocations’, individual interviews and digital ethnographic studies of online practices, the study developed a detailed picture of digital media use across a period of six months for the 15 participants involved. This data was used to gain a sense of when and where ‘critical digital literacies’ were being developed, and what role was being played by significant others (including teachers, peers and the institutions of the school and family). The paper concludes by considering implications for those who work with, and on behalf of, young people in the digital age.
Prashanth Pillay (Monash University) Abstract: The Problem of Letting Technology Take Over - Why New Media platforms may not Necessarily Improve Youth Political Communication This paper questions if governments are using new media to address the right problems associated with youth participation or does technology dictate the nature of the problems at hand. In particular it asks if methods of assessing online youth participation problems by governments are actually in step with the on-the-ground social experiences faced by young people who engage with these technologies. The paper uses the Australian Youth Forum (AYF), Australia’s first government run online youth communication portal for young Australians, as a case study. Focusing specifically on the findings from an analysis of data generated from youth web postings on the forum over a 1-year period (from its launch in 2008), it is concluded that youth participants wanted a centralized and hierarchical government infrastructure to closely guide online discussion as opposed to a decentralised platform that public officials fervently promoted. In the AYF, it was discovered that technological change was predominantly understood by youth through their attempts to clarify the role and purpose of centralised authority online. This paper argues for a distinction to be drawn between technologically motivated visions of change and the everyday social and political realities that shape how these technologies actually operate and justify their worth in reality.
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Brady Robards (University of Tasmania) Abstract: Looking back, scrolling down, and growing up on Facebook After ten years, Facebook is no longer ‘new media’. It has become embedded into everyday life for many users. For young users who have grown up using Facebook, significant parts of their social and cultural lives have been played out on the site. As spaces in which identity is enacted, edited, and made visible, social network sites like Facebook capture growing up stories through a chronicle of mediated, transitional experiences. This paper reports on findings from research with Tasmanians in their twenties who have been using Facebook for a sustained period of time (5 years or longer) and who have thus documented (or chosen not to document) key transitional or critical moments on the site. I seek to advance our understanding of how young people’s ‘digital traces’ manifest through features like Facebook’s ‘timeline’ and ‘look back’ videos, and to document how disclosure practices, strategies for impression management and audience segregation have developed over time.
Nipa Saha (University of Technology Sydney) Abstract: Subculture, Consumerism, and “tweens”: Emergence of the Tween Category ‘Tweenagers’ (children aged 10 to 12) constitute an important market. While numerous studies have focussed on the historical background of the teenage culture little is known about the role that new and old media have played in actively producing tweenage culture. The invention of the teenager and the tweenager is intimately bound up with the creation of the youth market; therefore this paper discusses marketer’s response to this changing media landscape. Based on both historical literature on youth subcultures and marketing literature this study identifies the key elements such as consumer need, economic condition, media and technology etc. which constructed the Australian tweenage market. By exploring theses key factors this study examines the emergence of Australian tweenagers as a part of Australian popular culture and fills a significant gap in the existing literature on Australian youth culture.
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Jonathan Smith (Monash University) Abstract: Sharing is Caring: Young Australians’ Online Political Involvement Previous research has explored the potential for internet use to affect young people’s knowledge about, and involvement in, political issues and processes. By not distinguishing between more active and passive types of political internet use, this work potentially overlooks differences in what young people with varying levels of political and digital engagement are able to accomplish online. We analysed differences in several forms of political internet use amongst a large sample of young Queenslanders (aged 19/20; n=1,838) who participated in the Our Lives cohort study in 2013. The results show that activities such as consuming political news online, signing online petitions, and sharing political content, were far from widespread amongst those surveyed. Respondents were more likely to access political news if they were male, better-educated, and knowledgeable about politics. By contrast, signing petitions and sharing content were less characterised by gender and prior knowledge, and more closely correlated with predictors of political activity, such as supporting a less mainstream political party. Additionally, respondents’ knowledge about internet use was important in determining their participation in each of the activities examined. These findings suggest new opportunities and obstacles for expanding civic and political engagement in the age of social media.
John Smyth and Tim Harrison (Federation University) Abstract: The ‘hidden transcripts’ of digital natives in the peri-urban jungle: young people making sense of their use of social/digital media While young people have been labelled ‘digital natives’ (Prensky, 2001), this is far from the full or complete story. The supposition that because young people have grown up and become saturated with digital media and technologies, that they will somehow have an understanding of its meanings and possibilities, deserves closer questioning. This paper will report on some very preliminary findings from the Australian element of a three country study into Young People and Digital Media (Canada, Australia, United Kingdom) funded by the SSHRC. The project is seeking to find out how young people understand and make sense of social/digital media, how their identities are shaped and influenced, the constraints and limitations, and how they are using social/digital media to navigate transitions in their lives. In this paper we will invoke Scott’s (1990) notion of ‘hidden transcripts’—those discourses that occur ‘off stage, beyond direct observation by powerholders’ (p. 4), as distinct from the ‘public transcripts’ that constitute adult and mainstream media representation on how social/digital technologies operates in/on young lives. Our claim is that by accessing the insider perspectives of young people, and using more vernacular forms of representation, it may be possible to unsettle some of the dominant myths around digital media in young lives. 23
Steven Threadgold (University of Newcastle) Abstract: Dolewave: The Politics and Distinction of a (Non)Genre ‘Indie’ music, once seen as an authentic ‘alternative’ to the crass and commercial ‘mainstream’, has provoked some vehement debate about whether it has become the habitat of the privileged and the site of the ‘hipster’ co-optation of alternative culture. In Australia, there is a heavily networked multi-city DIY music scene that largely rejects the label of ‘indie’ and distances itself from Triple J and other media outlets that have been allegedly central to ‘supporting’ youth culture. New media (blogs, Facebook, discussion boards, Bandcamp etc.) and old media (records, tapes, zines) are both key to production and consumption in the broad scene. In this paper, ‘Dolewave’ is discussed in terms of the politics of genre making and distinction. Unlike traditional music genre terminologies created by prominent musicians or journalists that were participants in the scene (punk, grunge etc.), dolewave was coined by a discussion board participant under a pseudonym. Social media, blog discussions and journalistic pieces serve to both maintain dolewave’s cultural distinction while at the same time debating its legitimacy, authenticity and its very existence. The paper will also link this discussion with wider research on the use of ‘figures’ as motors of class distinction. In dolewave, the symbolic aspects of hipster and bogan become blurred.
Ariadne Vromen (Sydney University) Abstract: Everyday use of Facebook and Twitter for political comparison of young people in Australia, UK and USA
engagement:
a
The emergence of personalised, interactive forms of social media has led to broader questions about the use of platforms such as Facebook and Twitter for engagement in politics. Much existing research focuses on the extent to which political actors successfully engage citizens, whereas in this paper we present original and representative survey data on the different ways many young people now use social media to share information, express themselves, and take action. We show that everyday use of Facebook and Twitter is well suited to young people’s engaged, selfactualising citizenship norms. However, our analysis shows that there is a difference between who uses Facebook and Twitter politically, with only Facebook likely to contribute to a reduction in youth political inequality. We also contextualise the survey data with analysis of how young people themselves describe their willingness to engage in politics on social media, and what they think enables and constrains their online political expression and action.
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Catherine Waite (Monash University) and Lisa Bourke (University of Melbourne) Abstract: Rural young peoples’ perspectives on online sociality: crossing geography and presenting self Rural deficit discourses maintain that young people are disadvantaged by the rurality of where they live (Geldens, 2004). Further, consistent with notions of rural geographic disadvantage is an assumption that the Internet will alleviate isolation through its ability to collapse physical and temporal constraints. The potential capacity of online spaces to expose users to global networks of opportunity and knowledge is also lauded (see Valentine & Holloway, 2001). This paper challenges such modes of understanding by privileging young Australian rural people’s voices and perspectives with regards to online social environments. Focusing on the social networking site Facebook, the question of whether rural young people make use of the site to cross geography is posed. The ways in which the young people talk about using Facebook to interact with others is analysed using Goffman’s (1959) ‘presentation of self’ thesis drawn from his book of the same name, as well as Hogan (2010)’s research applying the thesis in online contexts. Rather than realising utopian ideals and the total collapse of geographic boundaries separating different towns, cities, states or countries, young rural people talked about using the site to mold careful, but representative images of themselves to interact with their friends at a place and time of their choosing.
Raelene Wilding (La Trobe University) and Sandy Gifford (Swinburne University) Abstract: At home in a digital world? Resettlement and identity-making among refugee youth in Melbourne, Australia This paper explores issues of identity and belonging that arose in a digital media project designed to connect resettled young people with their friends, family and communities living elsewhere. The project aimed to test the potential for digital media to reconnect fragmented social lives disrupted by forced migration. In the absence of a capacity to physically visit a country of origin or interact with friends and family, a virtual experience – particularly one that incorporates both audio and the visual – potentially offers opportunities to create safe and supportive spaces for maintaining relationships. Yet, when young people are involved in responding to and negotiating the complexities of resettlement, what are the implications for their emergent identities of the online representations they produce and consume? Does sustained engagement with the virtual world facilitate or put at risk the homemaking capacities and experiences of young people, both locally and in transnational social contexts? We explore these questions by reflecting on the experiences of Karen and Hazara young people who have settled in Melbourne, Australia and their uses of digital media to articulate their stories and communicate with others around the world. 25
Presenters’ contact details Allaste, Airi-Alinia Armour, Zoe Bansel, Peter and Emma Keltie Bennett, Andy Black, Rosalyn Butler, Rose Byron, Paul Campbell, Perri Carah, Nicholas Coffey, Julia Collin, Pip Collin, Simon Dobson, Amy Gaspard, Lucas Green, Ben Harris, Anita Harris, Anne Harrison, Tim Hart, Matt Hendry, Natalie Hilder, Cecilia Hodkinson, Paul Jackson, Sue Kanai, Akane Keltie, Emma Lim, Sun Sun Lovely, Esther McDonald, Fiona McKenna, Laura McKnight, Lucinda Monaghan, Whitney Morrison, Briony Mulholland, Monique Pangrazio, Luciana Pillay, Preshanth Robards, Brady Saha, Nipa Selwyn, Neil Smith, Jonathan Smyth, John & Tim Harrison Strong, Catherine Swirski, Teresa Third, Amanda Threadgold, Steven Vromen, Ariadne Waite, Catherine Walsh, Lucas Wilding, Raelene
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A conference hosted by the Consortium for Youth, Generations and Culture, Sociology, Monash University, the Griffith Centre for Cultural Research, Griffith University and support from the Monash Asia Institute.
