population of healthy American college students. Statistical Analysis ... University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida. 2. University of ...
Internal Consistency and Convergent Validity of the DS‐14 Hailee Banks1, Jonathan Mitchell2, Jeffrey Cassisi2 1. 2.
Introduction The DS‐14 scale was developed to assess for the “Distressed” Personality type, also known as type‐D personality.1 Studies conducted in Europe, China, Canada, and Israel have found this personality construct linked to poor health outcomes in several different patient populations including: cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and chronic pain.6‐9 Very little is known about the type D personality in the United States. This study uses statistical methods to assess the validity of the DS‐14 scale in a population of healthy American college students. DS-14 Scale Rate the following False(0); mostly false(1); neutral(2); mostly true(3); true(4)
___I make contact easily when I meet people ___I often make a fuss about unimportant things ___I often talk to strangers ___I often feel unhappy ___I am often irritated ___I often feel inhibited in social interactions ___I take a gloomy view of things ___I find it hard to start a conversation ___I am often in a bad mood ___I am a closed kind of person ___I would rather keep other people at a distance ___I often find myself worrying about something ___I am often down in the dumps ___When socializing, I don't find the right things to talk about
University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida University of Central Florida, Department of Psychology, Orlando, Florida
Results
Conclusions
Table 1 Characteristics of Sample Gender
Race Male 277 (32.3) Asian/Pacific Islander Female 579 (67.5) Black/Afircan American Other 2 (.2) Caucasian/Non‐Hispanic Latino/Hispanic Native American Other/Mixed Race Categorical data are in frequencies and percentages Continuous data in mean and standard deviation
55 (6.4) 102 (11.9) 482 (56.2) 166 (19.4) 2 (.2) 50 (5.8)
Year in School Freshm 433 (50.5) Sophom 124 (14.5) Junior 163 (19) Senior 131 (15.3) Other 7 (.8)
Age 21 +/‐ 1
Internal Structure A two factor model was identified using an Oblimine Rotation (Table 4) and was confirmed with a scree plot (Figure 1). Factor 1, Negative affect, had seven items with loadings ranging from 0.55 to 0.84. Factor two, Social Inhibition, had seven items with loadings ranging from 0.64 to 0.8. Five items has cross loadings: items 6, 10, 11, and 14 on the NA‐ scale and item 7 on the SI‐scale.
Internal consistency The DS‐14 scale in this population demonstrated strong internal consistency. Construct Validity The two factor model demonstrated bivariate correlations, that were significant for 4 of the 5 factors that the NEO‐FFI measures. Negative affect: 7 items with loadings ranging from 0.55 to 0.84. Social Inhibition: 7 items with loadings ranging from 0.64 to 0.8. Cross loadings: items 6, 10, 11, and 14 on the NA‐scale and item 7 on the SI‐scale.
TOTAL: ________
Statistical Analysis Type D personality refers to the presence of two personality traits, negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI). Negative affectivity: the tendency to experience negative emotions. Social inhibition: the tendency to inhibit certain emotions Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted for the DS-14 using a previously identified two factor structure.1 As the factors of the DS-14 were expected to be moderately correlated, an oblique rotation was applied to facilitate interpretation of the factor structure. Items loading greater than 0.40 on factor analysis were considered to meet criteria for simple structure.
Convergent Validity Eight hundred and seventy six college enrolled students participated in the study. Type D subscales, Negative Affect and Social Inhibition showed strong positive correlations with neuroticism (r=0.75/0.53) and were negatively correlated with extraversion (r=‐0.44/‐ 0.71), agreeableness (r=‐0.34/‐0.25), and conscientiousness (r=‐0.36/‐0.30).
Table 2 Descriptive Statistics, Reliability, and correlations between NEO‐FFI personality factors and DS‐14 subscales. Variable α M SD 1 2 3 4 5 6 Negative Affectivity 0.87 9.3 5.68 ‐ Social inhibition 0.85 10 5.57 0.7 ‐ Neuroticism 0.84 22 8.2 0.8 0.5 ‐ Extraversion 0.83 30 7.04 ‐0.4 ‐0.7 ‐0.4 ‐ Openess 0.77 32 6.56 0.04 ‐0.1 0.07 0.09 ‐ Agreeableness 0.76 32 6.36 ‐0.3 ‐0.3 ‐0.2 0.19 0.1 ‐ Conscientiousness 0.86 33 7.08 ‐0.4 ‐0.3 ‐0.4 0.28 ‐0.03 0.3 ‐ significant correlations (p
