VOLUME 73, NUMBER 4
DECEMBER 2005
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEPROSY And Other Mycobacterial Diseases Official Organ of the INTERNATIONAL LEPROSY ASSOCIATION (Association Internationale contre la Lèpre) (Asociación Internacional de la Lepra)
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEPROSY and Other Mycobacterial Diseases CONTENTS Volume 73, Number 4, December 2005 Images from the History of Leprosy - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Original Articles Bikash Ranjan Kar, and C. K. Job. Visible Deformity in Childhood Leprosy—A Ten-Year Study. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Jan H. Richardus, Abraham Meima, Corine J. van Marrewijk, Richard P. Croft, and Trevor C. Smith. Close Contacts with Leprosy in Newly Diagnosed Leprosy Patients in a High and Low Endemic Area: Comparison between Bangladesh and Thailand. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - José L. Alfonso, Fernando A. Vich, Juan J. Vilata, and J. Terencio de las Aguas. Factors Contributing to the Decline of Leprosy in Spain in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - C. Ajith, Sachin Gupta, Bishan D. Radotra, Sunil K. Arora, Bhushan Kumar, Sunil Dogra, and Inderjeet Kaur. Study of Apoptosis in Skin Lesions of Leprosy in Relation to Treatment and Lepra Reactions. - - - - - - - - Clinical Notes G. N. Malaviya. Myiasis in Leprosy.
Page 239 243
249 258 269
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
277
Correspondence L. Oskam and S. Bührer-Sékula. A Need for Clarification of the Classification Criteria for Leprosy Patients. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Dr. Gelber and Colleagues Reply. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
280 281
News and Notes Leprosy in the Era of AIDS. Report of a Meeting at Robben Island, SA. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2005 U.S.-Japan Meeting, Seattle - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
283 297
Editorial Elimination of (the International Journal of) Leprosy
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
303
Reviewers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
304
Special Grantors
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
306
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
307
Index 2005
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEPROSY
Volume 73, Number 4 Printed in the U.S.A. (ISSN 0148-916X)
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEPROSY and Other Mycobacterial Diseases VOLUME 73, NUMBER 4
DECEMBER 2005
Images from the History of Leprosy Child patients and staff (also patients) at Robben Island Leprosy Hospital, South Africa, circa 1920. This photo is from an album that belonged to Dr. Hans Peter Lie (1862–1945), a distinguished Norwegian leprologist, founding member of the board of the ILA, and an Associate Editor of the JOURNAL. This is a digital copy of the original black and white print in the collection of the Leprosy Museum in Bergen, Norway, a part of the Bergen Leprosy Archives, and of the UNESCO program ‘Memory of the World’. It was made available courtesy of Sigurd Sandmo, Curator.
241
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEPROSY
Volume 73, Number 4 Printed in the U.S.A. (ISSN 0148-916X)
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEPROSY and Other Mycobacterial Diseases DECEMBER 2005
Visible Deformity in Childhood Leprosy— A 10-Year Study Bikash Ranjan Kar, M.D., and C. K. Job, M.D.1
ABSTRACT Deformity seen in children with leprosy has not often been studied, as the disease itself is less common in children. Deformity, being synonymous with the stigma of leprosy, is a definite social problem in children. In this study we have focused on the burden of deformity in children with leprosy, and various factors responsible for the deformities are discussed. We have observed an incidence of 10.5% of Grade II deformities in children with leprosy, which is very high compared to the community rate of 1.4%. Various factors which contributed significantly to the deformities in our study were: increasing age of children, delay in accessing health care, multiple skin lesions, multibacillary disease, smear positivity, multiple nerve involvement, and reaction at the time of presentation to the hospital. Logistic regression analysis showed that children with thickened nerve trunks had 6.1 times higher risk of developing deformities compared to those who did not have nerve enlargement. Children with the above risk factors should be followed up more frequently so as to detect any deformity as early as possible.
RÉSUMÉ Les déformations observées chez les enfants souffrant de lèpre ne sont guère étudiées, peut-être parce que la maladie chez ces derniers est elle-même moins fréquente. Les déformations associées à la lèpre, synonymes de stigmatisation, sont accompagnées de problèmes sociaux bien définis chez les enfants. Dans cette étude, nous nous sommes attachés à définir la prévalence des déformations chez les enfants atteints de lèpre, et à discuter les divers facteurs associés à ces déformations. Nous avons observé une incidence de 10,5 % de déformations de grade II chez les enfants souffrant de la lèpre, ce qui est très élevé par rapport au taux de 1, 4 % pour la communauté. Les facteurs ayant contribué de façon significative aux déformations observées dans notre étude ont été une corrélation positive avec l’âge, le délai à accéder aux soins de santé, des lésions cutanées multiples, une forme multibacillaire, un examen bactérioscopique positif du suc dermique, des atteintes nerveuses multiples et des réactions immunopathologique au moment de la présentation à l’hôpital. Une analyse de régression logistique a montré que les enfants présentant des troncs nerveux épaissis avaient
1 Address for correspondence: Dr. Bikash Ranjan Kar, Department of Dermatology, Schieffelin Leprosy Research and Training Centre, Karigiri, Vellore – 632106, India; e-mail:
[email protected]
243
244
International Journal of Leprosy
2005
un risque 6,1 fois plus élevé de développer des déformations que les enfants sans épaississements des nerfs. Les enfants avec les facteurs de risque analysés plus haut devraient être suivi plus fréquemment afin de détecter les déformations le plus précocement possible.
RESUMEN Las deformidades en los niños con lepra son poco estudiadas porque la lepra en sí, es menos común en los niños que en los adultos. La deformidad, sinónimo de estigma de la lepra, es un verdadero problema social entre los niños. En este estudio enfocado al estigma de la deformidad en los niños con lepra, se discuten varios factores responsables de la deformidad. Observamos una incidencia del 10.5% de deformidades del Grado II en los niños con lepra. Esta incidencia es muy alta comparada con la incidencia del 1.4% en la comunidad general. Varios factores contribuyeron significativamente a la alta incidencia de deformidades en nuestro estudio, entre ellos: incremento en la edad de los niños, retardo en la procuración de atención médica, lesiones múltiples en la piel, enfermedad multibacilar, positividad bacilar en la linfa cutánea, afectación nerviosa múltiple, y estados reaccionales al momento de su ingreso al hospital. Los análisis de regresión logística mostraron que los niños con troncos nerviosos engrosados tuvieron un riesgo 6.1 veces mayor de desarrollar deformidades que los niños sin engrosamiento de los nervios. Se concluye que los niños con los factores de riesgo antes mencionados deben vigilarse con mayor frecuencia con el fin de detectar cualquier deformidad tan pronto como aparezca.
Childhood leprosy is an indicator of endemicity of the disease (13). To the common man leprosy is well known because of the stigma that is still prevalent in the society. This stigma is almost synonymous with visible deformity. Major factors that contribute to deformity in various studies in adult leprosy patients are delay in diagnosis (10, 20), high bacillary load (16), multiple nerve enlargements (16), occurrence of reaction (19), and delay in provision of proper care of the disease. Therefore deformity is a preventable complication in the majority of patients. Deformity occurring in children is more distressing both socially and psychologically, as they have to live their whole life with stigma and in a hostile environment. This study was carried out to document the number of children with Grade II deformity as well as to identify the role of various risk factors contributing to its development. MATERIALS AND METHODS All the new childhood leprosy cases (0.05) 1.00 (p >0.05) 0.07 (p >0.05) 0.13 (p >0.05) 0.52 (p >0.05)
0.16 (p >0.05) 0.68 (p >0.05) 0.57 (p >0.05) 0.16 (p >0.05) 0.26 (p >0.05) 0.14 (p >0.05)
6 months 0.20 (p >0.05) 0.19 (p >0.05) 0.32 (p >0.05) 0.014 (p G, –1023A>G, –650delG and –465A>G SNPs, were detected on the 5′ flanking region of IL12RB2. Frequency of haplotype 1 (–1035A, –1023A, –650G, –464A), which exhibited the highest frequency in the general Japanese population, was significantly lower in lepromatous patients as compared with findings in tuberculoid patients and healthy controls. Reporter gene assays using Jurkat T cells revealed that all haplotypes carrying one or more SNPs exhibited lower transcriptional activity as compared with haplotype 1. These results suggest that SNPs in the 5′ flanking region of IL12RB2 affect the level of expression and may be implicated in individual differences in cellmediated immune responsiveness to mycobacterial antigens, leading to lepromatous or tuberculoid leprosy. Inhibition of TNF or LTa Impairs Mycobacterium Leprae Growth in Mouse Foot Pads and Is Accompanied by Dysregulated Granuloma Formation Deanna A. Hagge1, Bernadette M. Saunders2, Gig Ebenezer3, Vilma Tulaga1, Nashone A. Ray1, Warwick J. Britton2, James L. Krahenbuhl1 and Linda B. Adams1 1
National Hansen’s Disease Programs Laboratory, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 2Centenary Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, and 3Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD ABSTRACT
TNF and lymphotoxin-alpha (LTα) are key cytokines in cell mediated immunity against intracellular pathogens. To study their role in experimental leprosy, My-
73, 4
News and Notes
cobacterium leprae foot pad (FP) infection was evaluated in TNF knockout (TNF–/–) and LTα-deficient chimeric (LTα–/–) mice. In both TNF–/– and LTα–/– mice, M. leprae growth was augmented compared to control mice. Histopathologically, TNF–/– mice developed more extensive and diffuse lymphocytic infiltration compared to control mice. In contrast, few lymphocytes were present in LTα–/– mice. Upon M. leprae inoculation, there was a delayed early response in FP induration in both strains; however, induration in TNF–/– mice rapidly increased to levels higher than controls while LTα–/– mice could not sustain induration. Flow cytometric analyses of isolated FP cells demonstrated elevated percentages of CD3+ T cells in TNF–/– mice many of which expressed CD69. Expression of various Th1 cytokines and chemokines in established granulomas were similar or elevated in TNF–/– compared to control mice, but LTα–/– mice demonstrated 5–25 fold lower levels of expression. These studies indicate the critical but independent roles for TNF and LTα in orchestrating and maintaining an appropriate T cell accumulation within the microenvironment of the M. leprae-induced granuloma. Nerve Damage in a Mouse Model of Mycobacterium ulcerans Infections— Detection of M. ulcerans-specific DNA from micro-dissected nerve tissue Masamichi Goto1, Kazue Nakanaga2, Junichiro En1, Thida Aung1, Tomofumi Hamada1, Shinichi Kitajima1, Norihisa Ishii2, Suguru Yonezawa1, Hajime Saito3 1
Kagoshima University, 2National Institute of Infectious Diseases Leprosy Research Center, 3Hiroshima Environment and Health Association
ABSTRACT
Buruli ulcer is a chronic painless ulcerative skin disease in tropical and subtropical zone caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. Recent histological and ultrastructural studies have clarified direct intraneural invasion of acidfast bacilli and vacuolar change of Schwann cells in M. ulcerans-inoculated mice. In order to further investigate the mechanism of painlessness, nerve tissues were selectively cut out from the histological specimens by a UV-laser micro-dissection system, and PCR technique was applied. Intraneural bacilli
299
were proven to possess M. ulcerans-specific DNA sequences, but not M. lepraespecific DNA sequences. Advances in Molecular Epidemiology of Leprosy Miyako Kimura1, Nathan A. Groathouse1, Kiran Madanahally1, Becky Rivoire1, Xiaoman Weng2, Huan-Ying Li2, Juan Camilo Beltran Alzate3, Nora CardonaCastro3, Robert H. Gelber4, Sang-Nae Cho5, William C. Black1, Patrick J. Brennan1 and Varalakshmi D. Vissa1 1
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University (CSU), Fort Collins, U.S.A.; 2Beijing Tropical Medicine Research Institute (BTMRI), Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 3Instituto Colombiana de Medicina Tropical (ICMT), Sabaneta, Colombia; 4Leonard Wood Memorial (LWM), Center for Biomedical Research, Cebu City, Philippines; 5Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea ABSTRACT
In order to monitor and break the cycle of transmission of leprosy, a better understanding of the source and chains of M. leprae infection by means of molecular epidemiology is necessary. Since M. leprae cannot be grown in vitro and the DNA recovered from clinical samples such as skin biopsy is valuable, we first established multiple locus variable number of tandem repeats analysis (MLVA) as a method of strain typing in four clinical M. leprae strains grown in armadillo host. This approach involved the screening of 25 short tandem repeat (STR) loci, resulting in the discovery of polymorphisms at 13 loci. Subsequently, MLVA was applied to additional archived armadillo-derived clinical isolates from leprosy patients from eight countries for a total of 21 reference strains, and to recent clinical isolates from Colombia, the Philippines and China. These data were analyzed according to parsimony principles to discern genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships. MLVA has been shown to be a practical and effective method for M. leprae strain typing and classification. What is Needed to Improve Diagnostics for TB and eprosy? Mark Perkins Foundation for Innovative Diagnostics
300
International Journal of Leprosy
ABSTRACT
Case detection is a major problem for the control of both leprosy and tuberculosis, and the need to detect drug resistance continues to rise. In countries where these diseases are coming under control, the need for accurate tests for latent infection is also pressing. Significant advances have been made in unraveling the genome and proteome of both M. leprae and M. tuberculosis, and a number of promising new diagnostic targets have been identified. These targets are now being explored for their relevance to the development of clinical tools for the detection of latent infection, active disease, and pathogen drug resistance. The path from reagent discovery to useable diagnostic is a long one, however, blocked by a number of financial and logistic as well as technical obstacles. This talk will put the search for novel TB and leprosy diagnostics into context, highlight the priority needs, and discuss knowledge gaps that stand in the way of development of tests that are ideally suited for the intended settings of use. Genotyping of Mycobacterium leprae by variable number tandem repeats and its application for molecular epidemiology Masanori Matsukoa1, Zhang Liangfen1 and Teky Budiawan2 1)
Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan 2)Leprosy-TB Program, Health Service, North Sulawesi, Indonesia ABSTRACT
The transmission mode of leprosy was examined by application of polymorphism of short tandem repeat (STR) in Mycobacterium leprae genome. To substantiate polymorphic loci from STR as promising candidates applied for the molecular typing tools in leprosy epidemiology, 44 STR loci including 33 microsatellites and 11 minisatellites were investigated among the 27 laboratory maintained strains. Not all STRs were expectedly polymorphic. Thirty-two out of the 44 loci were polymorphic. Nine polymorphic loci were suitable for identifying genotypes according to the discriminatory capacity, stability and reproducibility. All the strains were classified into independent genotypes by the selected 9 polymorphic loci. Three multicase households were
2005
submitted to molecular typing. Two M. leprae isolates obtained from one family contact cases could be divided into different genotypes by these polymorphic loci. The transmission of leprosy by some infectious sources other than the multi-bacillary case in the same dwelling was strongly suggested. Identification of Specific Proteins and Peptides in Mycobacteruim Leprae Suitable for the Selective Diagnosis of Leprosy John S. Spencer1, Hazel M. Dockrell2, Hee Jin Kim1, Maria A. M. Marques1, Diana L. Williams3, Marcia V. S. B. Martins4, Marcio L. F. Martins4, Monica C. B. S. Lima4, Maria C. V. Pessolani4, Euzenir N. Sarno5, Elisabeth P. Sampaio5, Thomas H. M. Ottenhoff6, Sang-Nae Cho7, Neil G. Stoker8, Stewart T. Cole9, and Patrick J. Brennan1 1
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA, 2Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK, 3Laboratory Research Branch, Division of the National Hansen’s Disease Programs, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA, 4Laboratory of Cellular Microbiology and 5Leprosy Laboratory, Department of Mycobacterial Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 6Department of Immunohematology & Blood Transfusion, Leiden University medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, 7Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 8Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK, 9Unité de Génétique Moléculaire Bacterienne, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. ABSTRACT
Abstract. Comparative genomic analysis of the M. leprae genome has identified 1604 open reading frames, as well as 1,130 inactivated genes (pseudogenes), and up to 165 genes with no homologues in M. tuberculosis. Diagnosis of leprosy is a major obstacle to disease control, and has been compromised in the past by the lack of specific reagents. We have used comparative genome analysis to identify genes that are specific to M. leprae, and tested both recombinant proteins and synthetic peptides from a subset of these for immunological
73, 4
News and Notes
reactivity. Four of the unique recombinant proteins (ML0008, ML0126, and ML2567) and a panel of 58 peptides were tested for IFN-γ responses in PBMC from leprosy patients and contacts, TB patients and endemic and non-endemic controls. The responses to the four recombinant proteins gave higher levels of IFN-γ production, but less specificity, than the peptides. Of the 58 peptides tested, 35 have showed IFN-γ responses only in the paucibacillary leprosy and household contact groups, with no responses in the TB or endemic control groups. Four of the six 9mer peptides tested also showed promising specificity, indicating that CD8 T cells epitopes may also have diagnostic potential. Those peptides that provide specific responses in leprosy patients from an endemic setting could potentially be developed into a rapid diagnostic test for the early detection of leprosy and epidemiological surveys of the incidence of leprosy, of which little is known. Isothermal Amplification and Molecular Typing of the Obligate Intracellular Pathogen Mycobacterium leprae from Tissues of Unknown Origins Nathan A. Groathouse1, Susan E. Brown2, Dennis L. Knudson2, Patrick J. Brennan1 and Richard A. Slayden1*
301
unaltered and while regional differences in global amplification efficiency were seen using comparative microarray analysis, a significant degree of concordance of amplified genomic DNA was observed. This method was also applied directly to archived tissues for the purpose of molecular typing via short tandem repeats. This study demonstrated that whole genome amplification can be coupled with error-sensitive molecularbased typing methods on low copy number sequences from clinical biopsies of obligate intracellular pathogens, such as M. leprae. *Corresponding Author: Richard Slayden, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1682, USA. Phone: (970) 491-1925, Fax: (970) 491-1815, Email:
[email protected] The Alternative Sigma Factor sigE and Stress Responses in Mycobacterium Leprae 1 Diana L. Williams, 1Tana Pittman, 2 Mike Deshotel, 3Sandra Oby-Robinson, 4 Issar Smith 1
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology1 and Bioagricultural Science and Pest Management2, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
Molecular Biology Research Dept., Laboratory Research Branch, Division of the National Hansen’s Disease Programs @ SVM-LSU, Baton Rouge, LA, USA, 2Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, LSU Health Sciences Ctr., School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA, 3Dept. of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, SVM-LSU, Baton Rouge, LA, USA, 4TB Center, Public Health Research Institute, Newark, NJ, USA
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT
Molecular based diagnostic and epidemiology studies require sufficient amounts of high quality DNA. Routine molecular-based epidemiologic methods have not been applied to the obligate intracellular organism Mycobacterium leprae because it is difficult to obtain genomic DNA template from clinical materials. Accordingly, we have developed a method based on isothermic multiple displacement amplification, which will finally allow access to quality DNA template. In this report, we evaluated the usefulness of this method in error-sensitive, multiple feature molecular analyses. Using test samples isolated from host tissue, we also evaluated amplification fidelity, genome coverage and regional amplification bias. The fidelity of amplified genomic material was
Mycobacterium leprae lacks a functional heat shock response mechanism which appears to relegate it to peripheral regions of the body including peripheral nerves. The alternative sigma factor SigH orchestrates the heat shock response by inducing sigE and sigB gene transcription and their respective heat shock regulons in M. tuberculosis (Mtb). However, M. leprae’s sigE and sigB genes are transcriptional unresponsive during heat shock conditions. A likely mechanism for this heat shock defect is the lack of a functional sigH. However, no recombinant protocols exist for M. leprae to directly test this hypothesis. Therefore, we studied the functional capability of SigE of M. leprae, using surrogate genetics in a sigE knock-out mutant of Mtb (ST28) con-
302
International Journal of Leprosy
taining a functional sigH. The SigE of M. leprae restored the ability of ST28 to respond to heat shock and detergent stress and restored its ability to grow in human macrophages providing direct evidence that the SigE of M. leprae is functionally capable of regulating specific stress responses and indirect evidence that the lack of a protective heat shock response and potentially other environmental stress responses in M. leprae is at least partly due to the lack of a functional sigH. Lepra Reactions After Multidrug Therapy for Multibacillary (MB) Leprosy Ma. Victoria Balagon, Roland Cellona, Rodolfo Abalos, Robert Gelber Leonard Wood Memorial Center for Leprosy Research, Cebu, Republic of the Philippines ABSTRACT
There are two distinct, commonly occurring, immunologically-mediated reactional states in leprosy which complicate its course, account for considerable morbidity, including neuropathy, and are the major reason for patients on chemotherapy to seek
2005
medical attention—lepra type 1 reactions, reversal reaction (RR), and lepra type 2 reactions, ENL, mediated respectively by Th1 and Th2 responses. In this study we evaluated in MB patients the incidence, severity, and duration of lepra reactions one and two years after the completion of 1-year WHO MDT (139 patients) and 2-year WHOMDT (295 patients) and compared those results. We have found for the first time that in MB patients lepra reactions commonly persist even after the completion of MDT, occurring 48% of the time in the first 2 years after the currently recommended 1year regimen and are of considerable severity and duration. Also, the incidence, severity and duration of lepra reactions and the frequency of neuritis were consistently greater after the completion of 1-year MDT than 2-year MDT, and lepra reactions and these complications more frequent in those with a high bacterial burden. Since a major goal of WHO MDT is to reduce the duration needed to care for leprosy patients to a period sufficient to complete MDT, our findings suggest this is not feasible without courting the significant morbidity from lepra reactions observed in this study.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEPROSY
Volume 73, Number 3 Printed in the U.S.A. (ISSN 0148-916X)
EDITORIAL Elimination of (the International Journal of) Leprosy. We regret to inform our readers that this 73rd volume of THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEPROSY is the last and final volume of the JOURNAL. We have been gratified to observe that that the JOURNAL has had a dedicated readership and has had the confidence of veteran as well as new authors submitting their work to the JOURNAL right up to the end of its long and distinguished career. A number of manuscripts awaiting review, or in revision, have unfortunately been returned to their authors. Closure of the JOURNAL was, ultimately, a business decision. The publication of a high quality, professional, peer-reviewed journal is a costly undertaking. To the best of our knowledge, this JOURNAL, unique to its origins and purpose, has never been fully funded by memberships in the International Leprosy Association, of which it is the official organ. Rather, the JOURNAL has always depended upon the generosity of leprosy-oriented charitable organizations which have, in recent years, considered the cost of this JOURNAL to be excessive. In spite of diligent efforts on the part of the officers of the ILA to trim costs and to find additional revenue, a satisfactory solution was not forthcoming. Many factors underlie the decision to close the JOURNAL, and we are probably not aware of all of them. It would be a mistake, however, not to see this development as representative of the broader international decline of resources allocated to efforts to deal with leprosy. While commendable progress has been made to control leprosy in many countries, approximately 500,000 new patients are still being diagnosed annually worldwide, most of them in the several regions of the world that remain highly endemic. Even in these highly endemic regions, however, pressures are being applied to reduce the resources available to diagnose and treat leprosy. Some details of these policies have been presented by Drs. Rao and Pratap earlier in this volume ([vol.
73:225]). The details vary, but diminished resources lead to cuts of all kinds. The result is that a clinic is closed in one district, clinics are merged elsewhere, and in other districts patients are referred to a general health center that lacks specialized expertise in leprosy. In this way, a small light is extinguished here and there, but the loss is almost imperceptible (except to the patients in that locale). The closure of this JOURNAL, however, represents the extinction of a larger, more conspicuous light that has been of value to leprosy workers worldwide for many decades. This is a clear sign of the current trend in all aspects of leprosy work. Some individuals are confident that current elimination policies are scientifically sound and are being implemented appropriately; for these individuals, the closure of the JOURNAL should be cause for neither surprise nor dismay, but will be seen as a logical, natural development. Others are highly skeptical of the scientific basis for current elimination policies, and think that implementation of these policies is being unnecessarily and prematurely rushed to meet arbitrary bureaucratic goals, to the detriment of patient care. For many of these individuals the closure of the JOURNAL will probably come as a surprise and a disappointment. The work will go on, of course, as resources permit. Other leprosy-oriented journals will continue, and we wish them well. Much remains to be learned about this disease and much remains to be done to control it. We will not be surprised, however, if—a few decades hence—those who look back to review leprosy elimination efforts at the beginning of this millennium should reach the conclusion that we have been following the mistaken paths already well trod in the recent history of programs to ‘eliminate’ other diseases such as tuberculosis and malaria. David Scollard
303
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEPROSY
Volume 73, Number 4 Printed in the U.S.A. (ISSN 0148-916X)
REVIEWERS 2005 The Editor, on behalf on the INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEPROSY and the membership of the International Leprosy Association, expresses his deepest appreciation to the following reviewers who have provided invaluable expertise, criticism, and advice in preparing Volume 73. David Baker Mirjam Bakker Lucia Barker Patrick Brennan Jack Cohen Ian Cree Graca Cunha Ebenezer Daniel Gigi Ebenezer Katrien Fransen Robert H. Gelber Thomas Gillis James Harnisch Robert Hastings Robert Jacobson C.K. Job Paul Klatser
304
Jim Krahenbuhl Wayne Meyers Sam Moschella S.K. Noordeen Gift Norman Winnie Ooi Thomas Rea Paul Saunderson David Scollard Vanaja Shetty Mariane Stefani Richard Truman Wim van Brakel Marcos Virmond Douglas Walsh Cornelius Walter Leo Yoder
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEPROSY
Volume 73, Number 4 Printed in the U.S.A. (ISSN 0148-916X)
ACKNOWLEDGMENT The Board of Directors of the INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEPROSY gratefully acknowledges the financial assistance from special grantors and sustaining members which, with the special donations of certain members, has made possible the continuation of publication of the JOURNAL directly by the International Leprosy Association. Without this assistance the official organ of the ILS, so essential to leprosy workers everywhere, could not be published.
SPECIAL GRANTORS *Aide aux Lepreux Emmaus-Suisse, Spitalgasse, CH-3011 Berne, Switzerland. *American Leprosy Missions, One ALM Way, Greenville, South Carolina 29601, U.S.A. *Amici dei Lebbrosi, Foundazione Italiana Raoul Follereau, Via Borselli 4, 40135 Bologna, Italy. Damien-Dutton Society, 616 Bedford Avenue, Bellmore, New York 11710, U.S.A. *Damien Foundation (DF/APD), 16 Rue Stevin, B-1040 Bruxelles, Belgium.
*Le Secours aux Lépreux (Canada), 1275 Rue Hodge Bureau 12, Montreal H4N 3H4, Canada *Netherlands Leprosy Relief, Wibautstraat 137K, 1097 DN Ansterdam, The Netherlands. *Pacific Leprosy Foundation, 115 Sherborne Street, Bag 4730, Christchurch, New Zealand. *Sasakawa Memorial Health Foundation, Senpaku Shinko Bldg., 1-15-16 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105, Japan.
*Deutsches Aussatzigen-Hilfswerk e. V., Postfach 9062, D-97090 Würzberg 11, Germany.
305
VOLUME 73
2005
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEPROSY and Other Mycobacterial Diseases Official Organ of the INTERNATIONAL LEPROSY ASSOCIATION (Association Internationale contre la Lèpre) (Asociación Internacional de la Lepra)
Contents
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEPROSY and Other Mycobacterial Diseases CONTENTS Volume 73, Number 1, March 2005
Images from the History of Leprosy - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Page 1
Original Articles Novales-Santa Coloma, J., Navarrete-Franco, G., Iribe, P., and López-Cepeda, L. D. Ulcerative Cutaneous Mycobacteriosis Due to Mycobacterium ulcerans: Report of Two Mexican Cases - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Cross, H. A Delphi Consensus on Criteria for Contraindications, Assessment Indicators and Expected Outcomes Related to Tibialis Posterior Transfer Surgery - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
13
Case Report Daniel, E., and G. Ebenezer. Anesthesia of Face Uncovered by Histopathology
22
------------------------------------------
Editorial Scollard, D. M. Leprosy Research Declines, but Most of the Basic Questions Remain Unanswered
5
------------
25
Commentaries Cross, H. Consensus Methods: A Bridge Between Clinical Reasoning and Clinical Research? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Franzblau, S. A Potentially New Treatment for Tuberculosis; Will a Diarylquinoline Work for Leprosy? - - - - - - - - - -
28 32
Correspondence Opromolla, D.V.A. Some Considerations on the Origin of Type 1 Reactions in Leprosy - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Malaviya, G. N. Neuropathic Pain in Leprosy Patients - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
33 34
Book Reviews Anderson, G. A. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mathews, R. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
36 37
News and Notes
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
39
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
41
Calendar
Current Literature General and Historical - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Chemotherapy - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Clinical Sciences - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Immunopathology - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Leprosy - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Tuberculosis - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Microbiology - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Leprosy - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Tuberculosis - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Experimental Infections and Vaccines - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Epidemiology and Prevention - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Rehabilitation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Other Mycobacterial Diseases - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Molecular and Genetic Studies - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Special Grantors and Sustaining Members
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
42 43 46 52 58 61 67 67 69 71 76 77 78 84 87
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEPROSY and Other Mycobacterial Diseases CONTENTS Volume 73, Number 2, June 2005
Images from the History of Leprosy - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Original Articles Hussain, Tahziba, Sinha, Shikha, Kulshreshtha, K. K., Katoch, Kiran, Yadav, V. S., Sengupta, U., and Katoch, V. M. Seroprevalence of HIV Infection among Leprosy Patients in Agra, India: Trends and Perspective Gupta, U. D., Katoch, K., Singh, H. B., Natrajan, M., and Katoch, V. M. Persister Studies in Leprosy Patients after Multi-Drug Treatment - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Narang, Tarun, Kaur, Inderjeet, Kumar, Bhushan, Radotra, Bishan Dass, and Dogra, Sunil. Comparative Evaluation of Immunotherapeutic Efficacy of BCG and Mw Vaccines in Patients of Borderline Lepromatous and Lepromatous Leprosy - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Kumar, Anil, Girdhar, Anita, and Girdhar, B. K. Prevalence of Leprosy in Agra District (U.P.) India from 2001 to 2003 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Case Report Pandhi, Deepika, Mehta, Shilpa, Agrawal, Subhav, and Singal, Archana. Erythema Nodosum Leprosum Necroticans in a Child—An Unusual Manifestation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Correspondence Burdick, Anne E., and Ramirez, Claudia C. The Role of Mycophenolate Mofetil in the Treatment of Leprosy Reactions - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Asilian, A., Faghihi, G., Momeni, A., Radan, M. R., Meghdadi, M., and Shariati, F. Leprosy Profile in Isfahan (A Province of Iran) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Commentaries Nelson, Kenrad E. Leprosy and HIV Infection (Rarely the Twain Shall Meet?) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Steinhoff, Ulrich, and Visekruna, Alexander. Leprosy Susceptibility—A Matter of Protein Degradation? The Role of Proteasomes in Infection and Disease - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Page 89
93 100
105 115
122
127 129 131 135
Obituary Diltor Vladmir Araujo Opromolla (1934–2004) by Marcos Virmond - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
138
African Leprosy Congress
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
140
News and Notes Damien-Dutton Award - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Calendar - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
162 163
Special Grantors
164
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEPROSY and Other Mycobacterial Diseases CONTENTS Volume 73, Number 3, September 2005
Images from the History of Leprosy - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Original Articles Thomas H. Rea and Robert S. Jerskey. Clinical and Histologic Variations Among Thirty Patients with Lucio’s Phenomenon and Pure and Primitive Diffuse Lepromatosis (Latapi’s Lepromatosis) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Nand Lal Sharma, Vikram K. Mahajan, Vikas C. Sharma, Sandip Sarin, and Ramesh Chander Sharma. Erythema Nodosum Leprosum and HIV Infection: A Therapeutic Experience - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Ramanuj Lahiri, Baljit Randhawa, and James L. Krahenbuhl. Effects of Purification and Fluorescent Staining on Viability of Mycobacterium leprae - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Case Reports Tarun Narang, Sunil Dogra, and Inderjeet Kaur. Borderline Tuberculoid Leprosy with Type 1 Reaction in an HIV Patient—A Phenomenon of Immune Reconstitution - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Tarun Narang, Sunil Dogra, and Inderjeet Kaur. Co-localization of Pityriasis Versicolor and BT Hansen’s Disease - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Commentary Ottenhoff, Tom H.M., and Klein, Michèl R. Leprosy Bacillus Triggers the Wrong Cells
--------------------------------
Editorials Rao, P. Narasimha. Leprosy Program in India at the Crossroads - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Ji, Baohong. Comments on WHO/AFRO’s “Post-Elimination” Strategy Paper: A New Bottle with Old Wine of the “Final Push” - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Correspondence Premkumar, Ramaswamy, Rajan, Pichaimuthu, and Daniel, Ebenezer. Quantitative Measurement of Sensory Impairment in Referral Centers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Rada, Elsa María, Zambrano, Edgar A., Aranzazu, Nacarid, and Convit, Jacinto. Serologic Recognition of Low Molecular Weight Mycobacterial Protein Fractions in Lepromatous Patients with Type II Reactions (ENL) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Santos, Mônica Nunes Souza, Ferreira, Luis Carlos de Lima, and Talhari, Sinésio. Paucibacillary Treatment for Large Tuberculoid Lesions of Leprosy? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Kumarasinghe, S. Prasad W., and Kumarasinghe, M. P. Reply to the Editor - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Ganapati, R., and Pai, V. V. Has the Term “Elimination” Outlived It’s Utility? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Page 165
169 189 194
203 206 208 211 216
219
222 225 227 229
News and Notes - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - U.S.-Japan Meeting, 2004 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
230
Special Grantors
238
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
230
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEPROSY and Other Mycobacterial Diseases CONTENTS Volume 73, Number 4, December 2005
Images from the History of Leprosy - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Original Articles Bikash Ranjan Kar, and C. K. Job. Visible Deformity in Childhood Leprosy—A Ten-Year Study. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Jan H. Richardus, Abraham Meima, Corine J. van Marrewijk, Richard P. Croft, and Trevor C. Smith. Close Contacts with Leprosy in Newly Diagnosed Leprosy Patients in a High and Low Endemic Area: Comparison between Bangladesh and Thailand. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - José L. Alfonso, Fernando A. Vich, Juan J. Vilata, and J. Terencio de las Aguas. Factors Contributing to the Decline of Leprosy in Spain in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - C. Ajith, Sachin Gupta, Bishan D. Radotra, Sunil K. Arora, Bhushan Kumar, Sunil Dogra, and Inderjeet Kaur. Study of Apoptosis in Skin Lesions of Leprosy in Relation to Treatment and Lepra Reactions. - - - - - - - - Clinical Notes G. N. Malaviya. Myiasis in Leprosy.
Page 239 243
249 258 269
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
277
Correspondence L. Oskam and S. Bührer-Sékula. A Need for Clarification of the Classification Criteria for Leprosy Patients. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Dr. Gelber and Colleagues Reply. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
280 281
News and Notes Leprosy in the Era of AIDS. Report of a Meeting at Robben Island, SA. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2005 U.S.-Japan Meeting, Seattle - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
283 297
Editorial Elimination of (the International Journal of) Leprosy
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
303
Reviewers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
304
Special Grantors
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
306
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
307
Index 2005
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEPROSY Printed in the U.S.A.
Volume 73, Number 4
Index to Volume 73–2005 AUTHOR INDEX An original article is indicated by (O), editorial (E), correspondence (C), news and notes (N), abstract (A), book review (B), obituary (Ob), supplement (S).
Abalos, R. M., (A) 58 Actor, J. K., (A) 71 Adachi, J. A., (A) 82 Adekambi, T., (A) 77, 78 Agrawal, S. K., (A) 46 Agrawal, Subhav, (O) 122 Aguiar, J., (A) 79 Aguilar-Leon, D., (A) 161 Ahlem, C., (A) 161 Ajith, C., (O) 269 Alcaide, F., (A) 78, 83 Alderson, M. R., (A) 70 Alfonso, Jose L., (O) 258 Allix, C., (A) 66 Almeida, E. C., (A) 75, 83 Alt, J., (A) 62 Andersen, P., (A) 74 Anderson, George A., (B) 36 Andries, K., (A) 44 Antia, N. H., (A) 60 Appelberg, R., (A) 53 Aranzazu, Nacarid, (C) 222 Araujo Filho, J. A., (A) 50 Arduino, M. J., (A) 80 Armitige, L. Y., (A) 71 Arora, Sunil K., (O) 269 Asilian, A., (C) 127 Astarie-Dequeker, C., (A) 57 Bagwan, I. N., (A) 58 Bahrmand, A. R., (A) 83 Bajaj, P., (A) 49 Barletta, R. G., (A) 79 Barreto, M. L., (A) 76 Barrow, R. R., (A) 44 Barry, C. E., III, (A) 69 Basak, C., (A) 55 Basaraba, R. J., (A) 70 Bastos, A. P., (A) 59 Basu, J., (A) 55 Bautista-Lorite, J., (A) 52
Bay, M. L., (A) 63 Beery, D., (A) 65 Behar, S. M., (A) 62, 62 Belisle, J. T., (A) 84 Bennedsen, J., (A) 83 Berchel, M., (A) 80 Bermudez, L. E., (A) 44, 79 Besedovsky, H., (A) 63 Beveridge, T. J., (A) 65 Bhattacharyya, A., (A) 55 Blau, S., (A) 42, 42 Boldsen J. L., (A) 42 Bonato, V. L., (A) 74 Bonatti, H., (A) 168 Bonilla, F. A., (A) 79 Bonnet, D., (A) 52 Boom, W. H., (A) 63 Bosch, S., (A) 51 Boshoff, H. I., (A) 69 Bottasso, O. A., (A) 63 Bouchot, A., (A) 74 Bozza, V., (A) 63 Bradbury, A. R., (A) 84 Bradbury, E. M., (A) 84 Brandt, L., (A) 70 Brennan, P. J., (A) 64, 69 Breton, G., (A) 52 Brooks, D. E., (A) 65 Brown, J., (A) 55 Buckley, H. R., (A) 43 Buhrer-Sekula, S., (C) 280 Burdick, Anne E., (C) 129 Butlin, C. R., (A) 50 Buxton, M., (A) 76 Calatayud, L., (A) 78 Calza, L., (A) 166 Cambau, E., (A) 44 Canaday, D. H., (A) 63 Carvalho, A. A., (A) 49 Cecilia, G. V., (A) 60
313
314
International Journal of Leprosy
Chacon, O., (A) 79 Chacon-Salinas, R., (A) 65 Chae, G. T., (A) 68, 85 Chambers, M., (A) 75 Chang, J. C., (A) 65 Chapman, P. L., (A) 70 Cheers, C., (A) 73 Chen, H. H., (A) 79 Chen, J., (A) 84 Chen, X., (A) 84 Chen, Z. W., (A) 56 Chico-Ortiz, M., (A) 73 Chimelli, L., (A) 48 Chinchon, D., (A) 52 Chinchon, I., (A) 52 Chiu, H. C., (A) 79 Chua, J., (A) 52, 57 Church, J. A., (A) 81 Clay, H., (A) 65 Co, D. O., (A) 52 Coade, S., (A) 72 Coelho-Castelo, A. A., (A) 74 Colford, J. M., Jr., (A) 54 Coloma, Josefa, (O) 5 Colombo, M. I., (A) 155 Colston, M. J., (A) 71, 72, 75 Convit, Jacinto, (C) 222 Cooksey, R. C., (A) 80 Cooper, A. M., (A) 56 Copenhaver, R. H., (A) 71 Cordeiro, R. S., (A) 59 Couri, C. E., (A) 47 Crampin, A. C., (A) 84 Crick, D. C., (A) 69 Croft, Richard P., (O) 249 Cross, Hugh, (C) 28, (O) 13 Curcio, M., (A) 83 Da Costa Neri, J. A., (A) 48 Daffe, M., (A) 46, 57 Dahl, J. L., (A) 69 Dai, Y. S., (A) 79 Dalemans, W., (A) 70 Daniel, Ebenezer, (C) 219, (O) 22 Das, P. K., (A) 58 Dawes, S., (A) 54, 84 De Souza, A. O., (A) 74 Debacker, M., (A) 79 Debbabi, H., (A) 62 Dekker, T., (A) 58 Del Rey, A., (A) 63 Deng, J. Y., (A) 61 Deretic, V., (A) 52, 57, 155 Deshmukh, S. D., (A) 58 Dobos, K. M., (A) 84 Dogra, Sunil, (A) 105, (O) 203, 206, 269 Dos Santos, C. S., (A) 47 Doxsee, D., (A) 65 Dramaix, M., (A) 79 Drancourt, M., (A) 77, 78 Du, G., (A) 56
Duerksen, F., (A) 47 Dunst, K. R., (A) 168 Duppre, N. C., (A) 75, 83 Duval, X., (A) 52 de Chaffoy, D., (A) 44 de Paula, F. J., (A) 47 de St Groth, B. F., (A) 73 de las Aguas, J. Terencio, (O) 258 deSauvage, F., (A) 56 Ebenezer, Gigi, (O) 22 Eluru, H. B., (A) 53 Enciso-Moreno, J. A., (A) 65 Espitia, C., (A) 72 Estellat, C., (A) 52 Estrada-Garcia, I., (A) 65 Estrada-Parra, S. A., (A) 65 Etienne, G., (A) 46, 57 Faber, R., (A) 149 Faber, W. R., (A) 58 Faccioli, L. H., (A) 74 Faghihi, G., (C) 127 Fajardo, T. T., (A) 58 Faria, S. C., (A) 48 Farroni, M. A., (A) 63 Farshchian, M., (A) 47 Fauville-Dufaux, M., (A) 66, 83 Fazio, J. A., (A) 52 Feldman, K., (A) 83 Feldmeier, H., (A) 76 Ferdinand, S., (A) 80 Ferguson, D. D., (A) 80 Fernandes, P. V., (A) 48 Ferraz, J. C., (A) 72 Ferreira, Luis Carlos de Lima, (C) 225 Ferri, M., (A) 166 Fine, P. E., (A) 84 Fitness, J., (A) 84 Fletcher, H. A., (A) 82 Florido, M., (A) 53 Florquin, S., (A) 63 Floyd, S., (A) 84 Forst, C. V., (A) 84 Foss, N. T., (A) 47 Franzblau, Scott, (C) 32 Fremond C. M., (A) 61 Fremond, C., (A) 74 Frincke, J., (A) 161 Fu, Z. J., (A) 61 Ganapati, R., (C) 229 Gandhi, G., (A) 59 Garcia, V. E., (A) 60 Garcia-Tapia, A., (A) 69 Geha, R. S., (A) 79 Gellis, S. E., (A) 79 Germano, S., (A) 73 Gershman, K., (A) 80 Gevaudan, M. J., (A) 78 Ghadiali, A. H., (A) 80 Ghilardi, N., (A) 56 Ghosh, S., (A) 72
2005
73, 4 Gilbert, S. C., (A) 82 Gilbertson, B., (A) 73 Giles, M., (A) 52 Gilleron, M., (A) 57 Gilmartin, L., (A) 56 Girdhar, Anita, (A) 115 Girdhar, B. K., (A) 67, 115 Goh, K. S., (A) 80 Gohlmann, Neefs, J. M., (A) 44 Gomes Antunes, S. L., (A) 48 Gomez-Aranda, F., (A) 52 Gomez-Mampaso, E., (A) 70 Goodworth, K. J., (A) 71 Gopinath, D. V., (A) 48 Greub, G., (A) 78 Guillemont, J., (A) 44 Gupta, Sachin, (O) 269 Gupta, U. D., (A) 100 Gupte, M. D., (A) 76 Gutierrez, M. G., (A) 155 Hailes, H. C., (A) 71 Han, J. Y., (A) 81 Han, X. Y., (A) 82 Hanney, S., (A) 76 Harding, C. V., (A) 63 Hart, P. D., (A) 71 Hatch, G., (A) 74 Havelkova, M., (A) 83 Hendster, P., (A) 168 Henriques, M. G., (A) 59 Hernandez-Pando, R., (A) 161 Herrewegh, A., (A) 84 Herve, A. C., (A) 71 Herve, G., (A) 71 Hewinson, G., (A) 75 Hill, A. M., (A) 71 Hill, A. V., (A) 84 Hill, A. V. S., (A) 82 Hoeve, M. A., (A) 57, 85 Hoffner, S., (A) 44 Hogan, L. H., (A) 52 Holland, S. M., (A) 81 Hollis, G., (A) 53 Hsiao, C. H., (A) 79 Huang, D., (A) 56 Huitric, E., (A) 44 Hunter, R. L., (A) 71 Hussain, Tahziba, (O) 93 Huygem, K., (A) 82 Iribe, Pedro, (O) 5 Ishii, N., (A) 43 Iyer, A. M., (A) 58 Izzo, A. A., (A) 70, 73 Izzo, L. S., (A) 73 Jacobs, M., (A) 61 Jacobs, M. R., (A) 45 Jadhav, M. V., (A) 58 Jagannath, C., (A) 71 Jain, S., (A) 68, 85 Jaishankar, T. J., (A) 48
Author Index—Volume 73 Jardim, M. R., (A) 48 Jarlier, V., (A) 44 Jenner, P., (A) 71 Jensen, B., (A) 80 Jerskey, Robert S., (O) 169 Ji, Baohong, (E) 216 Jianping, S., (A) 76 Jing, G., (A) 53 Joaquin, G. E., (A) 60 Job, C. K., (O) 243 Jogi, R., (A) 81 Jones, J. M., (A) 55 Jones, T., (A) 76 Joshua, J., (A) 49 Kadam, P., (A) 58 Kai, M., (A) 67 Kamath, A. B., (A) 62, 62 Kang, T. J., (A) 68, 85 Kapur, M., (A) 45 Kar, Bikash Ranjan, (O) 243 Kasimos, J., (A) 73 Katila, M. L., (A) 83 Katoch, K., (A) 100 Katoch, Kiran, (O) 93 Katoch, V. M., (A) 67, 81, 100, (O) 93 Kaur, D., (A) 69 Kaur, Inderjeet, (A) 105, (O) 203, 206, 269 Kawakami, K., (A) 66 Keating, S. M., (A) 82 Kerr-Pontes, L. R. S., (A) 76 Kessler, A. T., (A) 81 Khader, S. A., (A) 56 Khan, A., (A) 49 Khandekar, M. M., (A) 58 Kheirandish, A., (A) 47 Khuller, G. K., (A) 45, 45, 75 Kim, S. I., (A) 52 Kim, S. K., (A) 68, 85 Kinjo, T., (A) 66 Kinkle, B., (A) 53 Kishore, B. N., (A) 50 Klatser, P., (A) 55 Klein, Michel R., (C) 208 Kobayashi, K., (A) 54 Koksalan, K., (A) 83 Koranne, R. V., (A) 49 Kourtis, A. P., (A) 81 Krahenbuhl, James L., (O) 194 Kulshreshtha, K. K., (O) 93 Kumar, Anil, (A) 115 Kumar, Bhushan, (A) 105, (O) 269 Kumarasinghe, M. P., (C) 227 Kumarasinghe, S., (C) 227 Kundu, M., (A) 55 Kyei, G., (A) 52 La Scola, B., (A) 78 Lahiri, Ramanuj, (O) 194 Lasco, T. M., (A) 70 Lasuncion, M. A., (A) 70 Laverde, C., (A) 51
315
316 Lee, E., (A) 44 Lee, S. A., (A) 82 Lee, S. B., (A) 68 Leemans, J. C., (A) 63 Legrand, E., (A) 80 Leport, C., (A) 52 Letvin, N. L., (A) 56 Liang, M. G., (A) 79 Liangbin, Y., (A) 76 Lima, K. M., (A) 74 Liu, Q., (A) 61 Lobet, Y., (A) 70 Lockwood, D. N., (A) 68, 85 Longuet, P., (A) 52 Lopez-Cepeda, Larissa, (O) 5 Lopez-Marin, L. M., (A) 73 Lounis, N., (A) 44 Lowrie, D. B., (A) 72, 75 Lu, H. B., (A) 61 la Mora Pedro, G. D., (A) 60 lee, S. B., (A) 85 Macdonald, M., (A) 51 Machowski, E. E., (A) 54, 84 Maeda, S., (A) 67 Magan, N., (A) 55 Mahajan, Vikram K., (O) 189 Mahalingam, M., (A) 68 Mahmmod, N., (A) 84 Mahuad, C., (A) 63 Mailaender, C., (A) 46 Maillet, I., (A) 74 Majka, S., (A) 73 Malaviya, G. N., (C) 34 Malaviya, G. N., (O) 277 Maldonado-Garcia, G., (A) 73 Malema, S., (A) 84 Mandal, D., (A) 55 Manfredi, R., (A) 166 Manickam, P., (A) 76 Maniero, V. C., (A) 75, 83 Manning, E. J., (A) 80 Maridonneau-Parini, I., (A) 57 Martelli, C. M., (A) 50 Martin, R., (A) 78 Martin-Casabona, N., (A) 83 Martinez, A. N., (A) 75, 83 Martinez, G. J., (A) 60 Martins, R. S., (A) 49 Mast, D., (A) 53 Master, S., (A) 52 Master, S. S., (A) 155 Mateo, L., (A) 83 Mathew, D., (A) 50 Mathews, Ronnie, (B) 37 Matilla, J., (A) 70 Mawuenyega, K. G., (A) 84 Mazzarelli, G., (A) 80 McShane, H., (A) 82 Meghdadi, M., (C) 127 Mehta, Shilpa, (O) 122
International Journal of Leprosy Meima, Abraham, (O) 249 Meiwen, Y., (A) 76 Meyers, W. M., (A) 79 Miyagi, K., (A) 66 Mizrahi, V., (A) 54, 84 Moel, F. J., (A) 149 Momeni, A., (C) 127 Montenegro, A. C. D., (A) 76 Montero, M. T., (A) 70 Moraes, M. O., (A) 75, 83 Morelli, S., (A) 166 Mori, S., (A) 43 Moura, A. C., (A) 59 Munoz-Cruz, S., (A) 65 Mvondo, D., (A) 52 Nakajima, H., (A) 43 Nakamura, K., (A) 66 Nanetti, A., (A) 166 Narang, Tarun, (A) 105, (O) 203, 206 Naser, S. A., (A) 80 Natrajan, M., (A) 100 Navarrete-Franco, Gisela, (O) 5 Nelson, Kenrad E., (C) 133 Ngai, P., (A) 57 Nicolle, D., (A) 74 Nicolle, D. M., (A) 61 Niederweis, M., (A) 46 Nienhuis, W. A., (A) 50 Nolla, J. M., (A) 83 Norris, S. J., (A) 71 Norris-Jones, R., (A) 65 Oberoi, S., (A) 46 Oerther, D. B., (A) 53 Okkels, L. M., (A) 74 Olsen, A. W., (A) 74 Opromolla, D. V. A., (C) 33 Orange, J. S., (A) 79 Ordonez, N., (A) 51 Orme, I. M., (A) 70 Orozco, H., (A) 161 Oskam, L., (A) 149, (C) 280 Ottenhoff, T. H., (A) 85 Ottenhoff, T. H., (A) 57 Ottenhoff, Tom H. M., (C) 208 Overduin, P., (A) 84 Pahan, D., (A) 149 Pai, M., (A) 54 Pai, R. K., (A) 63 Pai, V. V., (C) 229 Pandey, A., (A) 67 Pandey, R., (A) 45, 75 Pandhi, D., (A) 46 Pandhi, Deepika, (O) 122 Papautsky, I., (A) 53 Parkash, O., (A) 67 Pasquinelli, V., (A) 60 Pathak, S., (A) 55 Pathak, S. K., (A) 55 Pathan, A. A., (A) 82 Pavlou, A. K., (A) 55
2005
73, 4 Pearl, J. E., (A) 56 Pennini, M. E., (A) 63 Pereira, G. A., (A) 50 Pereira, M. F., (A) 83 Pfausler, B., (A) 51 Pfyffer, G. E. & Portaels, F., (A) 83 Pichon, X., (A) 74 Pinto, R., (A) 51 Poaletti, X., (A) 52 Polaczyk, A., (A) 53 Portaels, R., (A) 79 Prasad, W., (C) 227 Premkumar, Ramaswamy, (C) 219 Qiu, L., (A) 56 Quesniaux, V. F., (A) 61 Quesniaux, V. J., (A) 74 Quiroga, M. F., (A) 60 Raad, I. I., (A) 82 Rada, Elsa Maria, (C) 222 Radan, M. R., (C) 127 Radotra, Bishan Dass, (A) 105 Ragno, S., (A) 75 Rai, S., (A) 67 Raja, A., (A) 64 Rajan, Pichaimuthu, (C) 219 Ramakrishnan, L., (A) 65 Ramalingam, B., (A) 64 Ramirez, Claudia C., (C) 129 Randhawa, Baljit, (O) 194 Rao, P. Narasimha, (E) 211 Raoult, D., (A) 78 Rastogi, N., (A) 80 Ravi, B., (A) 49 Rea, Thomas H., (O) 169 Reading, C., (A) 161 Redotra, Bishan D., (O) 269 Reed, S. G., (A) 70 Reid, C. A., (A) 43 Reid, S. E., (A) 43 Reynaud-Gaubert, M., (A) 78 Richardus, J. H., (A) 149 Richardus, Jan H., (O) 249 Riley, L. W., (A) 54 Rivera-Marrero, C. A., (A) 64 Riveros, A., (A) 51 Rodrigues, F., (A) 83 Rodrigues, J. M., (A) 74 Rodriguez, G., (A) 51 Rodriguez, J. C., (A) 69 Roholl, P., (A) 84 Roman, J., (A) 64 Rook, G. A., (A) 161 Rosenzweig, S. D., (A) 81 Ross, L. A., (A) 81 Royo, G., (A) 69 Rufi, G., (A) 83 Ruiz, M., (A) 69 Ryffel, B., (A) 61, 74 Saito, A., (A) 66 Sales, A. M., (A) 48, 75, 83
Author Index—Volume 73 Sanchez-Garcia, F. J., (A) 73 Sander, C. R., (A) 82 Sandor, M., (A) 52 Santin, M., (A) 78 Santos, A. R., (A) 75, 83 Santos, Monica Nunes Souza, (C) 225 Santos, S. A., (A) 74 Santosuosso, M., (A) 57 Sarin, Sandip, (O) 189 Sarkar, S., (A) 49 Sarmiento, M., (A) 51 Sarno, E. N., (A) 48, 75, 83 Save, M. P., (A) 60 Saxena, R. K., (A) 72 Schmutzhard, E., (A) 51 Schneider, L. C., (A) 79 Schouls, L., (A) 84 Schramm, B., (A) 161 Schwarz, R. J., (A) 51 Scollard, D. M., (E) 25 Scollard, David M., (E) 303 Scott, J. T., (A) 79 Sehgal, P., (A) 56 Sengupta, U., (O) 93 Sepp, N., (A) 51 Sepulveda, E., (A) 71 Serafin-Lopez, J., (A) 65 Sergio, N. F., (A) 60 Serrano, A., (A) 161 Serrano-Pozo, A., (A) 52 Shafer, W. M., (A) 64 Shariati, F., (C) 127 Sharma, A., (A) 45 Sharma, Nand Lal, (O) 189 Sharma, Ramesh Chander, (O) 189 Sharma, S., (A) 45, 45 Sharma, Vikas C., (O) 189 Shen, L., (A) 56 Shen, Y., (A) 56 Shenoy, A. R., (A) 68 Sherman, D. R., (A) 65 Shetty, K. T., (A) 60 Shetty, N. J., (A) 50 Shetty, V. P., (A) 60 Shwethadri, G. K., (A) 50 Sichali, L., (A) 84 Silva, C. L., (A) 74 Singal, A., (A) 46 Singal, Archana, (O) 122 Singh, B., (A) 59 Singh, H. B., (A) 67, 100 Singh, S. B., (A) 155 Singh, S. B., (A) 52, 57 Sinha, Shikha, (O) 93 Siqueira, M. G., (A) 49 Skeiky, Y. A., (A) 70 Smith, Trevor C., (O) 249 Sola, C., (A) 80 Solache, A., (A) 56 Sonia, L., (A) 60
317
318
International Journal of Leprosy
Souza, L. C., (A) 50 Sp. Grp Non Tuber. Mycobacteria, (A) 83 Sreenath, N. P., (A) 68 Sreevatsan, S., (A) 80 Srinivasan, A., (A) 80 Stavropoulos, E., (A) 71, 72, 75 Steele, P., (A) 73 Stefani, G. P., (A) 50 Stefani, M. M., (A) 50 Steinhoff, Ulrich, (C) 131 Stelzmueller, I., (A) 168 Stephan, J., (A) 46 Steunous, C., (A) 79 Stewart, J., (A) 64 Stokes, R. W., (A) 65 Strother, M., (A) 80 Sukumar, , (A) 50 Suneetha, L. M., (A) 68, 85 Suneetha, S., (A) 68, 85 Supply, P., (A) 66 Talhari, Sinesio, (C) 225 Tascon, R. E., (A) 71, 72, 75 Tayles, N., (A) 43 Taylor, C., (A) 62, 62 Taylor, G. A., (A) 155 Taylor, G. M., (A) 68, 85 Thappa, D. M., (A) 48 Thepen, T., (A) 63 Thomsen, V. O., (A) 83 Thorson, L. M., (A) 65 Timmerman, P., (A) 44 Tobian, A. A., (A) 63 Tortoli, E., (A) 80 Tortoli, E. & Vincent, V., (A) 83 Trauger, R. ., (A) 161 Truffot-Pernot, C., (A) 44 Turner, A. P., (A) 55 Turner, O. C., (A) 70 Turner, S., (A) 73 Tyring, S. K., (A) 81 Uezu, K., (A) 66 Uma Devi, K. R., (A) 64 Urgell, J. R. & Rusch-Gerdes, S, (A) 83 Valderrama, J., (A) 51 Valentini, R., (A) 166 Vergne, I., (A) 52, 57 Verhasselt, P., (A) 44 Verma, I., (A) 75 Vermund, S. H., (A) 43 Vich, Fernando A., (O) 258 Vilata, Juan J., (O) 258 Vilde, J. L., (A) 52 Villahermosa, L. G., (A) 58
Villenuve, C., (A) 57 Virmond, Marcos, (Ob) 137 Visekruna, Alexande, (C) 131 Visweswariah, S. S., (A) 68 Volkman, H. E., (A) 65 Vordermeier, M., (A) 75 van Brakel, W. H., (A) 50 van Gestel, J., (A) 44 van Marrewijk, Corine J., (O) 249 van Rooijen, N., (A) 63 van Soolingen, D., (A) 84 van de Vosse, E., (A) 57, 85 van de Winkel, J. G., (A) 63 van der Poll, T., (A) 63 van der Werf, T. S., (A) 50 van der Zanden, A., (A) 84 Wang, J., (A) 57 Wanger, A., (A) 71 Warndorff, D. K., (A) 84 Watt, B., (A) 83 Weijer, S., (A) 63 Weng, Y., (A) 62 Wenzhong, L., (A) 76 Werneck, G. L., (A) 76 Wiesmayr, S., (A) 168 Williams, A., (A) 74 Williams, P., (A) 44 Winkler, H., (A) 44 Woodworth, J., (A) 62 Xie, W. H., (A) 61 Xing, Z., (A) 57 Xiong, X., (A) 62 Xue, T., (A) 75 Yadav, V. S., (O) 93 Yagodin, V., (A) 42, 42 Yakrus, M. A., (A) 80 Yamashiro, S., (A) 66 Yamazaki, Y., (A) 44 Yang, M., (A) 72, 75 Yeremeev, V., (A) 61 You, E. Y., (A) 68, 85 Young, D. B., (A) 68, 85 Young, S. K., (A) 68, 85 Zambrano, Edgar A., (C) 222 Zangerle, R., (A) 168 Zganiacz, A, (A) 57 Zhang, X. E., (A) 61 Zhang, Y., (A) 46 Zhang, Z. P., (A) 61 Zhou, Y. F., (A) 61 Zhu, M., (A) 44 Zinsou, C., (A) 79
2005
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEPROSY
Volume 73, Number 4 Printed in the U.S.A.
SUBJECT INDEX This Subject Index is compiled from key words in the title of each entry. An original article is indicated by (O), editorial (E), correspondence (C), news and notes (N), obituary (Ob), abstract (A), book review (B), supplement (S), image from the history of leprosy (I).
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Clinical latency and reactivation of AIDS-related mycobacterial infections. Shen, Y., et al. . . . (A) Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic features of AIDS related mycobacterium kansasii infectiion during the HIV pandemic: an 11 year follow up study. Manfredi, R., et al. . . . . . (A) Leprosy in the Era of AIDS. Report of a meeting at Robben Island, SA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N)
166 283
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), A Diaryquinoline Drug Active on the ATP Synthase of mycobacterium tuberculosis. Andries, K., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
44
56
Africa, ALERT Training Courses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N) Antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa: adherence lessons from tuberculosis and leprosy Reid, S.E., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Images from the History of Leprosy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..(I)
43 89
Antibody(ies), Improved diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis by detection of free and immune complexbound anti-30 kDa antibodies. Raja, A., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
64
Antigen(s), A heterologous DNA priming-mycobacterium bovis BCG boosting immunization strategy using mycobacterial Hsp70, Hsp65 and Apa antigens improves protection against tuberculosis in mice. Ferraz, J.C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) A mutant of mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv that lacks expression of antigen 85A is attenuated in mice but retains vaccinogenic potential. Copenhaver, R.H., et al. . . . . . . . . . . (A) Cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone affect the response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to mycobacterial antigens during tuberculosis. Mahuad, C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Electrochemical antigen-retrieval of formaldehyde fixed and paraffin-embedded archived leprosy skin biopsies. Sergio, N.F., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Protective effect of a tuberculosis subunit vaccine based on a fusion of antigen 85B and ESAT6 in the aerosol guinea pig model. Olsen, A.W., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) RNA encoding the MPT83 antigen induces protective immune responses against mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Xue, T., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara expressing antigen 85A boosts BCG-primed and naturally acquired antimycobacterial immunity in humans. McShane, H., et al. . . . . . . . . . (A) The major histocompatibility complex haplotype affects T-cell recognition of mycobacterial antigens but not resistance to mycobacterium tuberculosis in C3H mice. Kamath, A.B., et al. (A)
40
72 71 63 60 74 75 82 62
Apoptosis, Study of Apoptosis in skin lesions of leprosy in relation to treatment and lepra reactions. Ajith, C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O)
269
Asia, International Course on rehabilitation and prevention of disability (RPOD) and course in community based rehabilitation (CBR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N) Leprosy and tuberculosis in Iron Age Southeast Asia?. Tayles, N. and Buckley, H.R. . . . . . . . (A) Osteoarchaeological evidence for leprosy from western Central Asia. Blau, S. and Yagodin, V. . (A) Osteoarchaeological evidence for leprosy from western Central Asia. Blau, S. and Yagodin, V. . (A)
39 43 42 42
319
320
International Journal of Leprosy
2005
Assay(s) (see also ELISA), Interferon-gamma assays in the immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis: a systematic review. Pai, M., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Multiplex detection of mutations in clinical isolates of rifampin-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis by short oligonucleotide ligation assay on DNA chips. Deng, J.Y., et al. . . . . (A)
61
Bacilli, The down-regulation of cathepsin G in THP-1 monocytes after infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis is associated with increased intracellular survival of bacilli. Rivera Marrero, C.A., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
64
Bacteriology, Utility of fast mycobacerial interspersed repetitive unit variable number tandem repeat genotyping in clinical mycobacteriological analysis. Allix, C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
66
Bangladesh, Close contacts with leprosy in newly diagnosed leprosy patients in a high and low endemic area: Comparison between Bangladesh and Thailand. Richardus, Jan H., et al. . . . . . . . . . (O)
249
BCG (bacille Calmette-Guerin), A heterologous DNA priming-mycobacterium bovis BCG boosting immunization strategy using mycobacterial Hsp70, Hsp65 and Apa antigens improves protection against tuberculosis in mice. Ferraz, J.C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Autophagy is a defense mechanism inhibiting BCG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival in infected macrophages. Gutierrez, M.G., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Comparative evaluation of immunotherapeutic efficacy of BCG and Mw vaccines in patients of borderline lepromatous and lepromatous leprosy. Narang, Tarun, et al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Effect of mycobacterium leprae lipids on BCG- and carrageenan induced cellular recruitment in mouse pleurisy. Moura, A.C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Long term control of mycobacterium bovis BCG infection in the absence of Toll-like receptors (TLRs): investigation of TLR2 , TLR6-, or TLR2-Tlr4-deficient mice. Nicolle, D., et al. (A) Recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara expressing antigen 85A boosts BCG-primed and naturally acquired antimycobacterial immunity in humans. McShane, H., et al. . . . . . . . . . (A) The protective effect of the mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine is increased by coadministration with the mycobacterium tuberculosis 72-kilodalton fusion polyprotein Mtb72F in M. tuberculosis-infected guinea pigs. Brandt, L., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Biopsy, Electrochemical antigen-retrieval of formaldehyde fixed and paraffin-embedded archived leprosy skin biopsies. Sergio, N.F., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Blood, Catheter-related bloodstream infection caused by mycobacterium brumae. Lee, S.A., et al. . . . (A) Cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone affect the response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to mycobacterial antigens during tuberculosis. Mahuad, C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Detection of mycobacerium leprae DNA by polymerase chain reaction in the blood and nasal secretion of Brazilian household contacts. Almeida, E.C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Detection of mycobacterium leprae DNA by polymerase chain reaction in the blood and nasal secretion of Brazilian household contacts. Almeida, E.C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Borderline leprosy, Borderline tuberculoid leprosy with Type 1 reactiion in an HIV patient—A phenomenon of immune reconstitution. Narang, Tarun, et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O) Co-localization of pityriasis versicolor and BT Hansen’s Disease. Narang, Tarun, et al. . . . . . (O) Comparative evaluation of immunotherapeutic efficacy of BCG and Mw vaccines in patients of borderline lepromatous and lepromatous leprosy. Narang, Tarun, et al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Brazil, Clinical, electroneuromyographic and morphological studies of pure neural leprosy in a Brazilian referral centre. Jardim, M.R., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Detection of mycobacerium leprae DNA by polymerase chain reaction in the blood and nasal secretion of Brazilian household contacts. Almeida, E.C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Detection of mycobacterium leprae DNA by polymerase chain reaction in the blood and nasal secretion of Brazilian household contacts. Almeida, E.C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
54
72 155 105 59 74 82
70
60 82 63 75 83
203 206 105
48 75 83
73, 4
Subject Index—Volume 73
321
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and mycobacterium leprae co-infection: HIV-1 subtypes and clinical, immunologic, and histopathologic profiles in a Brazilian cohort. Pereira, G.A., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Inequality and leprosy in Northeast Brazil: an ecological study. Kerr-Pontes, L.R.S., et al. . . . (A)
50 76
Case detection, Trends in case detection influenced by leprosy elimination campaigns in certain areas of China. Jianping, S., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
76
Cell(s), 16alpha-Bromoepiandrosterone restores T helper cell type 1 activity and accelerates chemotherapy-induced bacterial clearance in a model of progressive pulmonary tuberculosis. Hernandez-Pando, R., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) A study of mast cells in granulomatous lesions of skin, with special emphasis on leprosy. Bagwan, I.N., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Activation of CD8 T cells by mycobacterial vaccination protects against pulmonary tuberculosis in the absence of CD4 T cells. Wang, J., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Cell biology of mycobacterium tuberculosis phagosome. Vergne, I., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone affect the response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to mycobacterial antigens during tuberculosis. Mahuad, C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Cytolytic CD8+ T cells recognizing CFP10 are recruited to the lung after mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Kamath, A.B., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Effect of mycobacterium leprae lipids on BCG- and carrageenan induced cellular recruitment in mouse pleurisy. Moura, A.C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Electron microscopy analysis of mycobacterium tuberculosis cell division. Dahl, J.L . . . . . . . (A) Human genetics of intracellular infectious diseases: molecular and cellular immunity against mycobacteria and salmonellae. van de Vosse, E., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Human genetics of intracellular infectious diseases: molecular and cellular immunity against mycobacteria and salmonellae. van de Vosse, E., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Leprosy bacillus triggers the wrong cells. Ottenhoff, Tom H.M. and Klein, Michel R. . . . . . . (C) Mycobacterium tuberculosis functional network analysis by global subcellular protein profiling. Mawuenyega, K.G., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) The down-regulation of cathepsin G in THP-1 monocytes after infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis is associated with increased intracellular survival of bacilli. Rivera Marrero, C.A., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) The glycan-rich outer layer of the cell wall of mycobacterium tuberculosis acts as an antiphagocytic capsule limiting the association of the bacterium with macrophages. Stokes, R.W., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) The major histocompatibility complex haplotype affects T-cell recognition of mycobacterial antigens but not resistance to mycobacterium tuberculosis in C3H mice. Kamath, A.B., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Cells, mononuclear, Cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone affect the response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to mycobacterial antigens during tuberculosis. Mahuad, C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Cells, T, A study of mast cells in granulomatous lesions of skin, with special emphasis on leprosy. Bagwan, I.N., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Activation of CD8 T cells by mycobacterial vaccination protects against pulmonary tuberculosis in the absence of CD4 T cells. Wang, J., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Cytolytic CD8+ T cells recognizing CFP10 are recruited to the lung after mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Kamath, A.B., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) The major histocompatibility complex haplotype affects T-cell recognition of mycobacterial antigens but not resistance to mycobacterium tuberculosis in C3H mice. Kamath, A.B., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) (see also Immunology), Human genetics of intracellular infectious diseases: molecular and cellular immunity against mycobacteria and salmonellae. van de Vosse, E., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Human genetics of intracellular infectious diseases: molecular and cellular immunity against mycobacteria and salmonellae. van de Vosse, E., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
161 58 57 57 63 62 59 69 57 85 208 84
64
65
62
63
58 57 62
62
57 85
322
International Journal of Leprosy
Chemotherapy (see also Multidrug therapy), 16alpha-Bromoepiandrosterone restores T helper cell type 1 activity and accelerates chemotherapy-induced bacterial clearance in a model of progressive pulmonary tuberculosis. Hernandez-Pando, R., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Chemotherapeutic efficacy of poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticle encapsulated antitubercular drugs at sub therapeutic dose against experimental tuberculosis. Sharma, A., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Fluoroquinolones as chemotherapeutics against mycobacterial infections. Jacobs, M.R . . . . . (A) Immunotherapy with plasmid DNA encoding mycobacterial hsp65 in association with chemotherapy is a more rapid and efficient form of treatment for tuberculosis in mice. Silva, C.L., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Microsphere technology for chemotherapy of mycobacterial infections. Barrow, R.R . . . . . . . (A)
2005
161
45 45
74 44
China, People’s Republic of, Trends in case detection influenced by leprosy elimination campaigns in certain areas of China. Jianping, S., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
76
Classification, A need for clarification of the classification criteria for leprosy patients Oskam, L. and Buhrer-Sekula, S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C) Dr. Gelber and Colleagues Reply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C)
280 281
Clinic(s), A clinical study of the involvement of cranial nerves in leprosy. Gopinath, D.V., et al. . . . . . . (A) An evaluation of clinical and histopathological status in paucibacillary leprosy patients after completion of fixed duration therapy. Mathew, D., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Clinical and histologic variations among thiry patients with Lucio’s phenomenon and pure and primitive diffuse lepromatosis (Latapi’s Lepromatosis). Rea, Thomas H. and Jerskey, Robert S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O) Clinical latency and reactivation of AIDS-related mycobacterial infections. Shen, Y., et al . . . (A) Clinical, electroneuromyographic and morphological studies of pure neural leprosy in a Brazilian referral centre. Jardim, M.R., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Clinico-histopathological correlation of skin and nerve in leprosy. Khan, A., et al. . . . . . . . . . (A) Clinico-pathological study of 12 cases of patients with leprosy admitted to Sina Hospital, Hamadan, Iran, from 1991 2000. Farshchian, M. and Kheirandish, A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Consensus methods: A bridge between clinical reasoning and clinical research. Cross, Hugh . (C) Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic features of AIDS related mycobacterium kansasii infectiion during the HIV pandemic: an 11 year follow up study. Manfredi, R., et al. . . . . . (A) Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and mycobacterium leprae co-infection: HIV-1 subtypes and clinical, immunologic, and histopathologic profiles in a Brazilian cohort. Pereira, G.A., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Hypercalcemia secondary to leprosy Couri, C.E., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Leprous neuropathies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Multibacillary leprosy in Tyrol Pfausler, B., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Multiplex detection of mutations in clinical isolates of rifampin-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis by short oligonucleotide ligation assay on DNA chips. Deng, J.Y., et al. . . . . (A) Myiasis in leprosy Malaviya, G.N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O) Utility of fast mycobacerial interspersed repetitive unit variable number tandem repeat genotyping in clinical mycobacteriological analysis. Allix, C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Clinical, A clinical study of the involvement of cranial nerves in leprosy. Gopinath, D.V., et al. . . . . . . (A) An evaluation of clinical and histopathological status in paucibacillary leprosy patients after completion of fixed duration therapy. Mathew, D., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Clinical and histologic variations among thiry patients with Lucio’s phenomenon and pure and primitive diffuse lepromatosis (Latapi’s Lepromatosis). Rea, Thomas H. and Jerskey, Robert S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O) Clinical latency and reactivation of AIDS-related mycobacterial infections. Shen, Y., et al . . . (A) Clinical, electroneuromyographic and morphological studies of pure neural leprosy in a Brazilian referral centre. Jardim, M.R., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Consensus methods: A bridge between clinical reasoning and clinical research. Cross, Hugh . (C) Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic features of AIDS related mycobacterium kansasii infectiion during the HIV pandemic: an 11 year follow up study. Manfredi, R., et al. . . . . . (A)
48 50
169 56 48 49 47 28 166
50 47 47 51 61 277 66 48 50
169 56 48 28 166
73, 4
Subject Index—Volume 73
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and mycobacterium leprae co-infection: HIV-1 subtypes and clinical, immunologic, and histopathologic profiles in a Brazilian cohort. Pereira, G.A., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Hypercalcemia secondary to leprosy Couri, C.E., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Leprous neuropathies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Multibacillary leprosy in Tyrol Pfausler, B., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Multiplex detection of mutations in clinical isolates of rifampin-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis by short oligonucleotide ligation assay on DNA chips. Deng, J.Y., et al. . . . . (A) Myiasis in leprosy Malaviya, G.N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O) Utility of fast mycobacerial interspersed repetitive unit variable number tandem repeat genotyping in clinical mycobacteriological analysis. Allix, C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Control of leprosy, Antimycobacterial calixarenes enhance innate defense mechanisms in murine macrophages and induce control of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice. Colston, M.J., et al. . (A) IL-27 signaling compromises control of bacterial growth in mycobacteria-infected mice. Pearl, J.E., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Long term control of mycobacterium bovis BCG infection in the absence of Toll-like receptors (TLRs): investigation of TLR2 , TLR6-, or TLR2-Tlr4-deficient mice. Nicolle, D., et al. (A) Cutaneous, A case of isolated tuberculoid leprosy of antebrachial medial cutaneous nerve. Martins, R.S., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Successive development of cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa, leucocytoclastic vasculitis and Sweet’s syndrome in a patient with cervical lymphadenitis caused by mycobacterium fortuitum. Chen, H.H., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Ulcerative cutaneous mycobacteriosis due to report of two mexican cases. Coloma, Josefa, et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O) Cytokine, Lower expression of Th1-related cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase in mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. Yamashiro, S., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Serial measurement of serum cytokines, cytokine receptors and neopterin in leprosy patients with reversal reactions. Faber, W.R., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) The effect of iron on the expression of cytokines in macrophages infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. Serafin-Lopez, J., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
323
50 47 47 51 61 277 66
71 56 74
49
79 5
66 58 65
Deformity, disability, International Course on rehabilitation and prevention of disability (RPOD) and course in community based rehabilitation (CBR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N) Measuring impairment caused by leprosy: inter-tester reliability of the WHO disability grading system. Nienhuis, W.A., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Visible deformity in childhood leprosy—A ten-year study. Kar, Bikash Ranjan and Job, C.K. (O)
50 243
Dermal, Characteristics of mycobacterial infection in patients with immunodeficiency and nuclear factor-kappaB essential modulator mutation, with or without ectodermal dysplasis. Dai, Y.S., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
79
Diabetes, Lower expression of Th1-related cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase in mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. Yamashiro, S., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
66
DNA, A heterologous DNA priming-mycobacterium bovis BCG boosting immunization strategy using mycobacterial Hsp70, Hsp65 and Apa antigens improves protection against tuberculosis in mice. Ferraz, J.C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) DNA damage studies in untreated and treated leprosy patients. Gandhi, G. and Singh, B. . . . (A) Detection of mycobacerium leprae DNA by polymerase chain reaction in the blood and nasal secretion of Brazilian household contacts. Almeida, E.C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Detection of mycobacterium leprae DNA by polymerase chain reaction in the blood and nasal secretion of Brazilian household contacts. Almeida, E.C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
39
72 59 75 83
324
International Journal of Leprosy
Detection of mycobacterium leprae DNA for 36kDa protein in urine from leprosy patients: a preliminary report. Parkash, O., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Immunotherapy with plasmid DNA encoding mycobacterial hsp65 in association with chemotherapy is a more rapid and efficient form of treatment for tuberculosis in mice. Silva, C.L., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Multiplex detection of mutations in clinical isolates of rifampin-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis by short oligonucleotide ligation assay on DNA chips. Deng, J.Y., et al. . . . . (A)
2005 67
74 61
Drugs (see also Multidrug therapy and specific drugs), A Diaryquinoline Drug Active on the ATP Synthase of mycobacterium tuberculosis. Andries, K., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Chemotherapeutic efficacy of poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticle encapsulated antitubercular drugs at sub therapeutic dose against experimental tuberculosis. Sharma, A., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Comparative in vitro activities of linezolid, telithromycin, clarithromycin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and four conventional antimycobacterial drugs against mycobacterium kansasii. Alcaide, F., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Liposome technology for drug delivery against mycobacterial infections. Khuller, G.K., et al. (A) Multi drug resistant mycobacterium leprae from patients with leprosy. Maeda, S . . . . . . . . . . (A) Multidrug resistance of a porin deletion mutant of mycobacterium smegmatis. Stephan, J., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Mutations in genes related to drug resistance in mycobacterium leprae isolates from leprosy patients in Korea. You, E.Y., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Mutations in genes related to drug resistance in mycobacterium leprae isolates from leprosy patients in Korea. You, E.Y., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Persister studies in leprosy patients after multi-drug treatment. Gupta, U.D., et al. . . . . . . . . . (A) The magic bullets and tuberculosis drug targets. Zhang, Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
85 100 46
Electron microscopy (see also Ultrastructure), Electron microscopy analysis of mycobacterium tuberculosis cell division. Dahl, J.L . . . . . . . (A)
69
Elimination, Trends in case detection influenced by leprosy elimination campaigns in certain areas of China. Jianping, S., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Comments on WHO/AFRO’s “Post-Elimination” strategy paper: A new bottle with old wine of the “Final Push”. Ji, Baohong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (E) Elimination of the International Journal of Leprosy Scollard, David M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (E) Epidemiology, Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic features of AIDS related mycobacterium kansasii infectiion during the HIV pandemic: an 11 year follow up study. Manfredi, R., et al. . . . . . (A) Factors contributing to the decline of leprosy in Spain in the second half of the twentieth century. Alfonso, Jose L., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O) Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL), Erythema nodosum leprosum and HIV infection: A therapeutic experience. Sharma, Nand Lal, et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O) Erythema nodosum leprosum necroticans in a child—an unusual manifestation. Pandhi, Deepika, et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O) Serologic recognition of low molecular weight mycobacterial protein fractions in lepromatous patients with Type II reactions (ENL). Rada, Elsa Maria, et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C) Face, Anesthesia of face uncovered by histopathology. Daniel, Ebenezer and Ebenezer, Gigi . . . . . (O) Surface exposed glycopeptidolipids and phosphatidylinositol mannosides participate in the receptor-dependent phagocytosis of mycobacterial by human macrophages. Villenuve, C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Family, Characterization of phylogenetically distant members of the adenylyl cyclase family from mycobacteria: Rv1647 from M.tuberculosis and its ortholog ML1399 from M. leprae. Shenoy, A.R., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Variable presentation of disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in a family with an interferon gamma receptor mutation. Han, J.Y., et al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
44
45
78 45 67 46 68
76 216 303
166 258
189 122 222 22
57
68 81
73, 4
Subject Index—Volume 73
Genetics, A heterologous DNA priming-mycobacterium bovis BCG boosting immunization strategy using mycobacterial Hsp70, Hsp65 and Apa antigens improves protection against tuberculosis in mice. Ferraz, J.C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Autophagy is a defense mechanism inhibiting BCG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival in infected macrophages. Gutierrez, M.G., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Characterization of phylogenetically distant members of the adenylyl cyclase family from mycobacteria: Rv1647 from M.tuberculosis and its ortholog ML1399 from M. leprae. Shenoy, A.R., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Comparative evaluation of immunotherapeutic efficacy of BCG and Mw vaccines in patients of borderline lepromatous and lepromatous leprosy. Narang, Tarun, et al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Dissection of phylogenetic relationships among 19 rapidly growing mycobacterium species by 16S rRNA, hsp65, sodA, recA and rpoB gene sequencing. Adekambi, T. and Drancourt, M. . . . (A) Effect of mycobacterium leprae lipids on BCG- and carrageenan induced cellular recruitment in mouse pleurisy. Moura, A.C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Human genetics of intracellular infectious diseases: molecular and cellular immunity against mycobacteria and salmonellae. van de Vosse, E., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Human genetics of intracellular infectious diseases: molecular and cellular immunity against mycobacteria and salmonellae. van de Vosse, E., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Long term control of mycobacterium bovis BCG infection in the absence of Toll-like receptors (TLRs): investigation of TLR2 , TLR6-, or TLR2-Tlr4-deficient mice. Nicolle, D., et al. (A) Recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara expressing antigen 85A boosts BCG-primed and naturally acquired antimycobacterial immunity in humans. McShane, H., et al. . . . . . . . . . (A) TB tools to tell the tale—molecular genetic methods for mycobacterial research. Machowski, E.E., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) TB tools to tell the tale-molecular genetic methods for mycobacterial research. Machowski, E.E., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Taxonomic and phylogenetic status of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in a Carribbean setting. Ferdinand, S., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) The protective effect of the mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine is increased by coadministration with the mycobacterium tuberculosis 72-kilodalton fusion polyprotein Mtb72F in M. tuberculosis-infected guinea pigs. Brandt, L., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Genital, Involvement of genitofemoral nerve with genital lesions in lepromatous leprosy. Agrawal, S.K., et al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Granuloma(s), A matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor promotes granuloma formation during the early phase of mycobacterium tuberculosis pulmonary infection. Izzo, A.A., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) A study of mast cells in granulomatous lesions of skin, with special emphasis on leprosy. Bagwan, I.N., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Granuloma necrosis during Mycobacterium avium infection does not require tumor necrosis factor. Florido, M. and Appelberg, R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Mycobacterial granulomas: keys to a long lasting host-pathogen relationship. Co, D.O., et al. (A) Tuberculous granuloma formation is enhanced by a mycobacerium virulence determinant. Volkman, H.E., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Hand(s), Mycobacterium chelonae tenosynovitis of the hand. Mateo, L., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Histopathology, An evaluation of clinical and histopathological status in paucibacillary leprosy patients after completion of fixed duration therapy. Mathew, D., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Anesthesia of face uncovered by histopathology. Daniel, Ebenezer and Ebenezer, Gigi . . . . . (O) Clinico-histopathological correlation of skin and nerve in leprosy. Khan, A., et al. . . . . . . . . . (A) Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and mycobacterium leprae co-infection: HIV-1 subtypes and clinical, immunologic, and histopathologic profiles in a Brazilian cohort. Pereira, G.A., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) History of leprosy, Images from the History of Leprosy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I) Images from the History of Leprosy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I) Images from the History of Leprosy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I)
325
72 155
68 105 77 59 57 85 74 82 54 84 80
70
46
73 58 53 52 65 83
50 22 49
50 1 89 241
326
International Journal of Leprosy
Images from the History of Leprosy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I) Leprosy and mortality in the Medieval Danish village of Tirup Boldsen J.L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Leprosy research declines, but most of the basic questions remain unanswered Scollard, D.M (E) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Borderline tuberculoid leprosy with Type 1 reactiion in an HIV patient—A phenomenon of immune reconstitution. Narang, Tarun, et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O) Determinants of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV type 1-infected patients with tuberculosis after initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Breton, G., et al. . . . . . (A) Endosomal membrane traffic: convergence point targeted by mycobacterim tuberculosis and HIV. Deretic, V., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic features of AIDS related mycobacterium kansasii infectiion during the HIV pandemic: an 11 year follow up study. Manfredi, R., et al. . . . . . (A) Erythema nodosum leprosum and HIV infection: A therapeutic experience. Sharma, Nand Lal, et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O) Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and mycobacterium leprae co-infection: HIV-1 subtypes and clinical, immunologic, and histopathologic profiles in a Brazilian cohort. Pereira, G.A., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Leprosy and HIV infection (Rarely the Twain shall meet?). Nelson, Kenrad E . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C) Seroprevalence of HIV infection among leprosy patients in Agra, India: Trends and perspective. Hussain, Tahziba, et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O) Immune complexes, Improved diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis by detection of free and immune complexbound anti-30 kDa antibodies. Raja, A., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Immune responses, Fatal mycobacterium tuberculosis infection despite adaptive immune response in the absence of MyD88. Fremond C.M., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) RNA encoding the MPT83 antigen induces protective immune responses against mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Xue, T., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
2005 167 42 25
203 52 52 166 189
50 133 93
64
61 75
Immunology, Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and mycobacterium leprae co-infection: HIV-1 subtypes and clinical, immunologic, and histopathologic profiles in a Brazilian cohort. Pereira, G.A., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
50
Immunotherapy, Immunotherapy with plasmid DNA encoding mycobacterial hsp65 in association with chemotherapy is a more rapid and efficient form of treatment for tuberculosis in mice. Silva, C.L., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
74
India, Leprosy program in India at the Crossroads. Rao, P. Narasimha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (E) Management of 34 chronic heel sinuses in leprosy, using a modificatiion of a local rotation flap in Kolkata, India. Joshua, J. and Sarkar, S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Prevalence of leprosy in Agra District (U.P.) India from 2001 to 2003. Kumar, Anil, et al. . . . (A) Seroprevalence of HIV infection among leprosy patients in Agra, India: Trends and perspective. Hussain, Tahziba, et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O) Interferon, Interferon-gamma assays in the immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis: a systematic review. Pai, M., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Prolonged toll-like receptor signaling by mycobacterium tuberculosis and its 19-kilodalton lipoprotein inhibits gamma interferon-induced regulation of selected genes in macrophages. Pai, R.K., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) The SLAM-associated protein (SAP) regulates IFN-gamma expression in leprosy. Quiroga, M.F., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Variable presentation of disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in a family with an interferon gamma receptor mutation. Han, J.Y., et al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Interleukin(s), IL-27 signaling compromises control of bacterial growth in mycobacteria-infected mice. Pearl, J.E., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
211 49 115 93
54
63 60 81
56
73, 4
Subject Index—Volume 73
327
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEPROSY (IJL), Elimination of the International Journal of Leprosy Scollard, David M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (E) Reviewers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Ob) Special Grantors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Ob) Special Grantors and Sustaining Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Ob) Special Grantors and Sustaining Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Ob) Special Grantors and Sustaining Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Ob)
303 304 177 87 238 305
Intestine(s), Johne’s disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and mycobacterium paratuberculosi. Chacon, O., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
79
Iran, Clinico-pathological study of 12 cases of patients with leprosy admitted to Sina Hospital, Hamadan, Iran, from 1991 2000. Farshchian, M. and Kheirandish, A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Leprosy profile in Isfahan (A province of Iran). Asilian, A., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C)
47 127
Japan, 2005 U.S.-Japan Meeting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N) Summary of questionnaires on leprosy in Yokohama City area and university hospitals Ishii, N., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) U.S.-Japan cooperative medical science program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N) U.S.-Japan meeting, 2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Kidney(s), Mycobacterium chelonae skin infection in kidney-pancreas recipient. Stelzmueller, I., et al.
297 43 139 230
(A)
168
Korea, Mutations in genes related to drug resistance in mycobacterium leprae isolates from leprosy patients in Korea. You, E.Y., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Mutations in genes related to drug resistance in mycobacterium leprae isolates from leprosy patients in Korea. You, E.Y., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
68
Lepromatous leprosy, Comparative evaluation of immunotherapeutic efficacy of BCG and Mw vaccines in patients of borderline lepromatous and lepromatous leprosy. Narang, Tarun, et al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Involvement of genitofemoral nerve with genital lesions in lepromatous leprosy. Agrawal, S.K., et al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
105
Lesion(s), A study of mast cells in granulomatous lesions of skin, with special emphasis on leprosy. Bagwan, I.N., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Involvement of genitofemoral nerve with genital lesions in lepromatous leprosy. Agrawal, S.K., et al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Reply to the Editor Kumarasinghe, S., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C) Study of Apoptosis in skin lesions of leprosy in relation to treatment and lepra reactions. Ajith, C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O)
85
46
58 46 227 269
Lipid(s), Effect of mycobacterium leprae lipids on BCG- and carrageenan induced cellular recruitment in mouse pleurisy. Moura, A.C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) High-polarity Mycobacterium avium-derived lipids interact with murine macrophage lipid rafts. Maldonado-Garcia, G., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Surface exposed glycopeptidolipids and phosphatidylinositol mannosides participate in the receptor-dependent phagocytosis of mycobacterial by human macrophages. Villenuve, C., et al. (A)
57
Lipoprotein, Prolonged toll-like receptor signaling by mycobacterium tuberculosis and its 19-kilodalton lipoprotein inhibits gamma interferon-induced regulation of selected genes in macrophages. Pai, R.K., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
63
Liposome, Liposome technology for drug delivery against mycobacterial infections. Khuller, G.K., et al. . . . . (A)
45
Liver, Liposome technology for drug delivery against mycobacterial infections. Khuller, G.K., et al. . . . . (A)
45
59 73
328
International Journal of Leprosy
2005
Lucio phenomenon, Clinical and histologic variations among thiry patients with Lucio’s phenomenon and pure and primitive diffuse lepromatosis (Latapi’s Lepromatosis). Rea, Thomas H. and Jerskey, Robert S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O)
169
Lymphocyte(s), Bystander activation of CD8+ T lymphocytes during experimental mycobacterial infection. Gilbertson, B., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
73
Macrophage(s), Antimycobacterial calixarenes enhance innate defense mechanisms in murine macrophages and induce control of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice. Colston, M.J., et al. . (A) Autophagy is a defense mechanism inhibiting BCG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival in infected macrophages. Gutierrez, M.G., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Early effect of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection on Mac-1 and ICAM-1 expression on mouse peritoneal macrophages. Ghosh, S. and Saxena, R.K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) High-polarity Mycobacterium avium-derived lipids interact with murine macrophage lipid rafts. Maldonado-Garcia, G., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Macrophages play a dual role during pulmonary tuberculosis in mice. Leemans, J.C., et al. . . (A) Prolonged toll-like receptor signaling by mycobacterium tuberculosis and its 19-kilodalton lipoprotein inhibits gamma interferon-induced regulation of selected genes in macrophages. Pai, R.K., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Surface exposed glycopeptidolipids and phosphatidylinositol mannosides participate in the receptor-dependent phagocytosis of mycobacterial by human macrophages. Villenuve, C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) The effect of iron on the expression of cytokines in macrophages infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. Serafin-Lopez, J., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) The glycan-rich outer layer of the cell wall of mycobacterium tuberculosis acts as an antiphagocytic capsule limiting the association of the bacterium with macrophages. Stokes, R.W., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Toll-like receptor 2 and mitogen and stress-activated kinase 1 are effectors of Mycobacterium avium induced cyclooxygenase 2 expression in macrophages. Pathak, S.K., et al. . . . . . . . (A) Malawi, Large scale candidate gene study of tuberculosis susceptibility in the Karonga district of northern Malawi. Fitness, J., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
71 155 72 73 63
63
57 65
65 55
84
Metabolism, Hypercalcemia secondary to leprosy Couri, C.E., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Tuberculosis-metabolism and respiration in the absence of growth. Boshoff, H.I. and Barry, C.E., III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
69
Mexico, Ulcerative cutaneous mycobacteriosis due to report of two mexican cases. Coloma, Josefa, et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O)
5
Mice, murine, A heterologous DNA priming-mycobacterium bovis BCG boosting immunization strategy using mycobacterial Hsp70, Hsp65 and Apa antigens improves protection against tuberculosis in mice. Ferraz, J.C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) A mutant of mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv that lacks expression of antigen 85A is attenuated in mice but retains vaccinogenic potential. Copenhaver, R.H., et al. . . . . . . . . . (A) Antimycobacterial calixarenes enhance innate defense mechanisms in murine macrophages and induce control of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice. Colston, M.J., et al. . . (A) Early effect of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection on Mac-1 and ICAM-1 expression on mouse peritoneal macrophages. Ghosh, S. and Saxena, R.K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Effect of mycobacterium leprae lipids on BCG- and carrageenan induced cellular recruitment in mouse pleurisy. Moura, A.C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) High-polarity Mycobacterium avium-derived lipids interact with murine macrophage lipid rafts. Maldonado-Garcia, G., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) IL-27 signaling compromises control of bacterial growth in mycobacteria-infected mice. Pearl, J.E., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
47
72 71 71 72 59 73 56
73, 4
Subject Index—Volume 73
329
Immunotherapy with plasmid DNA encoding mycobacterial hsp65 in association with chemotherapy is a more rapid and efficient form of treatment for tuberculosis in mice. Silva, C.L., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Long term control of mycobacterium bovis BCG infection in the absence of Toll-like receptors (TLRs): investigation of TLR2 , TLR6-, or TLR2-Tlr4-deficient mice. Nicolle, D., et al. . (A) Lower expression of Th1-related cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase in mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. Yamashiro, S., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Macrophages play a dual role during pulmonary tuberculosis in mice. Leemans, J.C., et al. . . . . (A) The major histocompatibility complex haplotype affects T-cell recognition of mycobacterial antigens but not resistance to mycobacterium tuberculosis in C3H mice. Kamath, A.B., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
62
Microscopy, Electron microscopy analysis of mycobacterium tuberculosis cell division. Dahl, J.L . . . . . . . (A)
69
Molecular biology (see also DNA, Genetics), Human genetics of intracellular infectious diseases: molecular and cellular immunity against mycobacteria and salmonellae. van de Vosse, E., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Human genetics of intracellular infectious diseases: molecular and cellular immunity against mycobacteria and salmonellae. van de Vosse, E., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Molecular pathogenesis of mycobacterial diseases. Kobayashi, K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Serologic recognition of low molecular weight mycobacterial protein fractions in lepromatous patients with Type II reactions (ENL). Rada, Elsa Maria, et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C) TB tools to tell the tale—molecular genetic methods for mycobacterial research. Machowski, E.E., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) TB tools to tell the tale-molecular genetic methods for mycobacterial research. Machowski, E.E., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
74 74
66 63
57 85 54 222 54 84
Monocyte(s), The down-regulation of cathepsin G in THP-1 monocytes after infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis is associated with increased intracellular survival of bacilli. Rivera Marrero, C.A., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
64
Morbidity, Mycobacterium ulcerans disease: role of age and gender in incidence and morbidity. Debacker, M., et al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
79
Morphology, Alterations in neurofilament protein(s) in human leprous nerves: morphology, immunohistochemistry and Western immunoblot correlative study. Save, M.P., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
60
Mycobacteria (see also individual species), A heterologous DNA priming-mycobacterium bovis BCG boosting immunization strategy using mycobacterial Hsp70, Hsp65 and Apa antigens improves protection against tuberculosis in mice. Ferraz, J.C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Activation of CD8 T cells by mycobacterial vaccination protects against pulmonary tuberculosis in the absence of CD4 T cells. Wang, J., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Amoebal coculture of mycobacterium massiliense sp. nov. from the sputum of a patient with hemoptoic pneumonia Adekambi, T., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Antimycobacterial calixarenes enhance innate defense mechanisms in murine macrophages and induce control of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice. Colston, M.J., et al. . . . (A) Bystander activation of CD8+ T lymphocytes during experimental mycobacterial infection. Gilbertson, B., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Characteristics of mycobacterial infection in patients with immunodeficiency and nuclear factor-kappaB essential modulator mutation, with or without ectodermal dysplasis. Dai, Y.S., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Characterization of phylogenetically distant members of the adenylyl cyclase family from mycobacteria: Rv1647 from M.tuberculosis and its ortholog ML1399 from M. leprae. Shenoy, A.R., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Clinical latency and reactivation of AIDS-related mycobacterial infections. Shen, Y., et al . . . (A) Comparative in vitro activities of linezolid, telithromycin, clarithromycin, levofloxacin,
72 57 78 71 73
79
68 56
330
International Journal of Leprosy
moxifloxacin, and four conventional antimycobacterial drugs against mycobacterium kansasii. Alcaide, F., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone affect the response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to mycobacterial antigens during tuberculosis. Mahuad, C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Developing rapid detection of mycobacteria using microwaves. Jing, G., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Effects of macrolides and ketolides on mycobacterial infections. Bermudez, L.E. and Yamazaki, Y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Fluoroquinolones as chemotherapeutics against mycobacterial infections. Jacobs, M.R . . . . . (A) Human genetics of intracellular infectious diseases: molecular and cellular immunity against mycobacteria and salmonellae. van de Vosse, E., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Human genetics of intracellular infectious diseases: molecular and cellular immunity against mycobacteria and salmonellae. van de Vosse, E., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) IL-27 signaling compromises control of bacterial growth in mycobacteria-infected mice. Pearl, J.E., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Immunotherapy with plasmid DNA encoding mycobacterial hsp65 in association with chemotherapy is a more rapid and efficient form of treatment for tuberculosis in mice. Silva, C.L., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Infections due to non tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Katoch, V.M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Liposome technology for drug delivery against mycobacterial infections. Khuller, G.K., et al. (A) Lipsomes as adjuvant for anti-mycobacterial vaccine development. Verma, I., et al. . . . . . . . . (A) Microsphere technology for chemotherapy of mycobacterial infections. Barrow, R.R . . . . . . . (A) Molecular pathogenesis of mycobacterial diseases. Kobayashi, K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Mycobacterial granulomas: keys to a long lasting host-pathogen relationship. Co, D.O., et al. (A) Non tuberculous mycobacteria: patterns of isolation. A multi country retrospective survey. Martin-Casabona, N., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara expressing antigen 85A boosts BCG-primed and naturally acquired antimycobacterial immunity in humans. McShane, H., et al. . . . . . . . . . (A) Serologic recognition of low molecular weight mycobacterial protein fractions in lepromatous patients with Type II reactions (ENL). Rada, Elsa Maria, et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C) Surface exposed glycopeptidolipids and phosphatidylinositol mannosides participate in the receptor-dependent phagocytosis of mycobacterial by human macrophages. Villenuve, C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) TB tools to tell the tale—molecular genetic methods for mycobacterial research. Machowski, E.E., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) TB tools to tell the tale-molecular genetic methods for mycobacterial research. Machowski, E.E., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Taxonomic and phylogenetic status of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in a Carribbean setting. Ferdinand, S., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) The major histocompatibility complex haplotype affects T-cell recognition of mycobacterial antigens but not resistance to mycobacterium tuberculosis in C3H mice. Kamath, A.B., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Therapy of nontuberculous mycobacterial infections. Jogi, R. and Tyring, S.K. . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Variable presentation of disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in a family with an interferon gamma receptor mutation. Han, J.Y., et al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium abscessus as a cause of pacemaker infection. Kessler, A.T. and Kourtis, A.P. (A) Mycobacterium avium, Granuloma necrosis during mycobacterium avium infection does not require tumor necrosis factor. Florido, M. and Appelberg, R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) High-polarity mycobacterium avium-derived lipids interact with murine macrophage lipid rafts. Maldonado-Garcia, G., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Mycobacerium avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains isolated from Crohn’s disease patients and animal species exhibit similar polymorphic locus patterns. Ghadiali, A.H., et al. . . . . (A) Toll-like receptor 2 and mitogen and stress-activated kinase 1 are effectors of mycobacterium avium induced cyclooxygenase 2 expression in macrophages. Pathak, S.K., et al. . . . . . . . (A) Use of multilocus variable number tandem-repeat analysis for typing mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Overduin, P., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
2005 78 63 53 44 45 57 85 56
74 81 45 75 44 54 52 83 82 222
57 54 84 80
62 81 81 81
53 73 80 55 84
73, 4
Subject Index—Volume 73
Mycobacterium avium complex, Early effect of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection on Mac-1 and ICAM-1 expression on mouse peritoneal macrophages. Ghosh, S. and Saxena, R.K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Mycobacterium bovis (see also BCG), A heterologous DNA priming-mycobacterium bovis BCG boosting immunization strategy using mycobacterial Hsp70, Hsp65 and Apa antigens improves protection against tuberculosis in mice. Ferraz, J.C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Long term control of mycobacterium bovis BCG infection in the absence of Toll-like receptors (TLRs): investigation of TLR2 , TLR6-, or TLR2-Tlr4-deficient mice. Nicolle, D., et al. (A) The protective effect of the mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine is increased by coadministration with the mycobacterium tuberculosis 72-kilodalton fusion polyprotein Mtb72F in M. tuberculosis-infected guinea pigs. Brandt, L., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
331
72
72 74
70
Mycobacterium cheloni (chelonae), Mycobacterium chelonae skin infection in kidney-pancreas recipient. Stelzmueller, I., et al. . . . (A) Mycobacterium chelonae tenosynovitis of the hand. Mateo, L., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
168 83
Mycobacterium fortuitum, Successive development of cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa, leucocytoclastic vasculitis and Sweet’s syndrome in a patient with cervical lymphadenitis caused by mycobacterium fortuitum. Chen, H.H., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
79
Mycobacterium goodii, Mycobacterium goodii infections associated with surgical implants at Colorado hospital. Ferguson, D.D., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
80
Mycobacterium kansasii, Comparative in vitro activities of linezolid, telithromycin, clarithromycin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and four conventional antimycobacterial drugs against mycobacterium kansasii. Alcaide, F., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic features of AIDS related mycobacterium kansasii infectiion during the HIV pandemic: an 11 year follow up study. Manfredi, R., et al. . . . . . (A) Mycobacterium leprae, Characterization of phylogenetically distant members of the adenylyl cyclase family from mycobacteria: Rv1647 from M.tuberculosis and its ortholog ML1399 from M. leprae. Shenoy, A.R., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Detection of mycobacerium leprae DNA by polymerase chain reaction in the blood and nasal secretion of Brazilian household contacts. Almeida, E.C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Detection of mycobacterium leprae DNA by polymerase chain reaction in the blood and nasal secretion of Brazilian household contacts. Almeida, E.C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Detection of mycobacterium leprae DNA for 36kDa protein in urine from leprosy patients: a preliminary report. Parkash, O., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Diaminodiphenylsulfone resistance of mycobacterium leprae due to mutations in the dihydropteroate synthase gene. Kai, M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Effect of mycobacterium leprae lipids on BCG- and carrageenan induced cellular recruitment in mouse pleurisy. Moura, A.C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Effects of purification and fluorescent staining on viability of mycobacterium leprae. Lahiri, Ramanuj, et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O) Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and mycobacterium leprae co-infection: HIV-1 subtypes and clinical, immunologic, and histopathologic profiles in a Brazilian cohort. Pereira, G.A., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Microsatellite mapping of mycobacterium leprae populations in infected humans. Young, S.K., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Microsatellite mapping of mycobacterium leprae populations in infected humans. Young, S.K., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Multi drug resistant mycobacterium leprae from patients with leprosy. Maeda, S . . . . . . . . . . (A) Mutations in genes related to drug resistance in mycobacterium leprae isolates from leprosy patients in Korea. You, E.Y., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Mutations in genes related to drug resistance in mycobacterium leprae isolates from leprosy patients in Korea. You, E.Y., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
78 166
68 75 83 67 67 59 194
50 68 85 67 68 85
332
International Journal of Leprosy
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, Mycobacerium avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains isolated from Crohn’s disease patients and animal species exhibit similar polymorphic locus patterns. Ghadiali, A.H., et al. . . . . (A) Use of multilocus variable number tandem-repeat analysis for typing mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Overduin, P., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Mycobacterium smegmatis, Multidrug resistance of a porin deletion mutant of mycobacterium smegmatis. Stephan, J., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 16alpha-Bromoepiandrosterone restores T helper cell type 1 activity and accelerates chemotherapy-induced bacterial clearance in a model of progressive pulmonary tuberculosis. Hernandez-Pando, R., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) A Diaryquinoline Drug Active on the ATP Synthase of mycobacterium tuberculosis. Andries, K., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) A heterologous DNA priming-mycobacterium bovis BCG boosting immunization strategy using mycobacterial Hsp70, Hsp65 and Apa antigens improves protection against tuberculosis in mice. Ferraz, J.C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) A matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor promotes granuloma formation during the early phase of mycobacterium tuberculosis pulmonary infection. Izzo, A.A., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) A mutant of mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv that lacks expression of antigen 85A is attenuated in mice but retains vaccinogenic potential. Copenhaver, R.H., et al. . . . . . . . . . (A) A potentially new treatment for tuberculosis; Will a diarylquinoline work for leprosy?. Franzblau, Scott . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C) Action of fluoroquinolones and Linezolid on logarithmic- and stationary-phase culture of mycobacterium tuberculosis. Garcia-Tapia, A., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Activation of CD8 T cells by mycobacterial vaccination protects against pulmonary tuberculosis in the absence of CD4 T cells. Wang, J., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Antimycobacterial calixarenes enhance innate defense mechanisms in murine macrophages and induce control of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice. Colston, M.J., et al. . (A) Antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa: adherence lessons from tuberculosis and leprosy. Reid, S.E., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Autophagy is a defense mechanism inhibiting BCG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival in infected macrophages. Gutierrez, M.G., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Cell biology of mycobacterium tuberculosis phagosome. Vergne, I., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Characterization of phylogenetically distant members of the adenylyl cyclase family from mycobacteria: Rv1647 from M.tuberculosis and its ortholog ML1399 from M. leprae. Shenoy, A.R., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Chemotherapeutic efficacy of poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticle encapsulated anti tubercular drugs at sub therapeutic dose against experimental tuberculosis. Sharma, A., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone affect the response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to mycobacterial antigens during tuberculosis. Mahuad, C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Cytolytic CD8+ T cells recognizing CFP10 are recruited to the lung after mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Kamath, A.B., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Decaprenyl diphosphate synthesis in mycobacterim tuberculosis. Kaur, D., et al. . . . . . . . . . . (A) Detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) in vitro and in situ using an electronic nose in combination with a neural network system. Pavlou, A.K., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Determinants of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV type 1-infected patients with tuberculosis after initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Breton, G., et al. . . . . . (A) Early effect of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection on Mac-1 and ICAM-1 expression on mouse peritoneal macrophages. Ghosh, S. and Saxena, R.K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Electron microscopy analysis of mycobacterium tuberculosis cell division. Dahl, J.L . . . . . . . (A) Endosomal membrane traffic: convergence point targeted by mycobacterim tuberculosis and HIV. Deretic, V., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Fatal mycobacterium tuberculosis infection despite adaptive immune response in the absence of MyD88. Fremond C.M., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Geranylgeraniol regulates negatively caspase-1 autoprocessing: implication in the TH1 response against mycobacterium tuberculosis. Montero, M.T., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Immunotherapy with plasmid DNA encoding mycobacterial hsp65 in association with
2005
80 84
46
161 44
72 73 71 32 69 57 71 43 155 57
68
45 63 62 69 55 52 72 69 52 61 70
73, 4
Subject Index—Volume 73
chemotherapy is a more rapid and efficient form of treatment for tuberculosis in mice. Silva, C.L., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Improved diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis by detection of free and immune complexbound anti-30 kDa antibodies. Raja, A., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Interferon-gamma assays in the immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis: a systematic review. Pai, M., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Large scale candidate gene study of tuberculosis susceptibility in the Karonga district of northern Malawi. Fitness, J., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Leprosy and tuberculosis in Iron Age Southeast Asia?. Tayles, N. and Buckley, H.R. . . . . . . . (A) Lower expression of Th1-related cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase in mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. Yamashiro, S., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Macrophages play a dual role during pulmonary tuberculosis in mice. Leemans, J.C., et al. . . . (A) Multiplex detection of mutations in clinical isolates of rifampin-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis by short oligonucleotide ligation assay on DNA chips. Deng, J.Y., et al. . . . . (A) Mycobacerium avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains isolated from Crohn’s disease patients and animal species exhibit similar polymorphic locus patterns. Ghadiali, A.H., et al. . . . . (A) Mycobacterium tuberculosis functional network analysis by global subcellular protein profiling. Mawuenyega, K.G., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Prolonged toll-like receptor signaling by mycobacterium tuberculosis and its 19-kilodalton lipoprotein inhibits gamma interferon-induced regulation of selected genes in macrophages. Pai, R.K., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Protective effect of a tuberculosis subunit vaccine based on a fusion of antigen 85B and ESAT6 in the aerosol guinea pig model. Olsen, A.W., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) RNA encoding the MPT83 antigen induces protective immune responses against mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Xue, T., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) The down-regulation of cathepsin G in THP-1 monocytes after infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis is associated with increased intracellular survival of bacilli. Rivera Marrero, C.A., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) The effect of iron on the expression of cytokines in macrophages infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. Serafin-Lopez, J., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) The glycan-rich outer layer of the cell wall of mycobacterium tuberculosis acts as an antiphagocytic capsule limiting the association of the bacterium with macrophages. Stokes, R.W., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) The magic bullets and tuberculosis drug targets. Zhang, Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) The major histocompatibility complex haplotype affects T-cell recognition of mycobacterial antigens but not resistance to mycobacterium tuberculosis in C3H mice. Kamath, A.B., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) The protective effect of the mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine is increased by coadministration with the mycobacterium tuberculosis 72-kilodalton fusion polyprotein Mtb72F in M. tuberculosis-infected guinea pigs. Brandt, L., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Tuberculosis-metabolism and respiration in the absence of growth. Boshoff, H.I. and Barry, C.E., III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Use of multilocus variable number tandem-repeat analysis for typing mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Overduin, P., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Mycobacterium ulcerans, Mycobacterium ulcerans disease: role of age and gender in incidence and morbidity. Debacker, M., et al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Nerve(s) (see also Neuritis, Neuropathy), A case of isolated tuberculoid leprosy of antebrachial medial cutaneous nerve. Martins, R.S., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) A clinical study of the involvement of cranial nerves in leprosy. Gopinath, D.V., et al. . . . . . . (A) Alterations in neurofilament protein(s) in human leprous nerves: morphology, immunohistochemistry and Western immunoblot correlative study. Save, M.P., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Clinical, electroneuromyographic and morphological studies of pure neural leprosy in a Brazilian referral centre. Jardim, M.R., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Clinico-histopathological correlation of skin and nerve in leprosy. Khan, A., et al. . . . . . . . . . (A) Detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) in vitro and in situ using an electronic nose in combination with a neural network system. Pavlou, A.K., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
333 74 64 54 84 43
66 63 61 80 84
63 74 75
64 65
65 46
62
70 69 84
79
49 48 60 48 49 55
334
International Journal of Leprosy
Involvement of genitofemoral nerve with genital lesions in lepromatous leprosy. Agrawal, S.K., et al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Neuropathy (see also Nerve(s), Neuritis), Factors contributing to the decline of leprosy in Spain in the second half of the twentieth century. Alfonso, Jose L., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O) Leprosy and neuropathy seen from the perspective of a surgeon. Duerksen, F . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Leprous neuropathies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Multibacillary leprosy in Tyrol Pfausler, B., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Neuropathic Pain in Leprosy Patients. Malaviya, G. N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C) Quantitative measurement of sensory impairment in referral centers Premkumar, Ramaswamy, et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C) Sensory polyneuropathy as initial manifestation of endemic leprosy in Spain. Serrano-Pozo, A., et al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Nose, A rational approach to nasal reconstruction in leprosy. Schwarz, R.J. and Macdonald, M. . . . (A) Close contacts with leprosy in newly diagnosed leprosy patients in a high and low endemic area: Comparison between Bangladesh and Thailand. Richardus, Jan H., et al. . . . . . . . . . (O) Detection of mycobacerium leprae DNA by polymerase chain reaction in the blood and nasal secretion of Brazilian household contacts. Almeida, E.C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Detection of mycobacterium leprae DNA by polymerase chain reaction in the blood and nasal secretion of Brazilian household contacts. Almeida, E.C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) in vitro and in situ using an electronic nose in combination with a neural network system. Pavlou, A.K., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Myiasis in leprosy Malaviya, G.N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O) Workshop on Hansen’s Disease: The challenge to integrate diagnose and treatment activities into basic care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N)
2005 46
258 47 47 51 34 219 52 51 249 75 83 55 277 40
Obituaries, Diltor Vladmir Araujo Opromolla (1934-2004) Virmond, Marcos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Ob)
137
Ofloxacin, Comparative in vitro activities of linezolid, telithromycin, clarithromycin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and four conventional antimycobacterial drugs against mycobacterium kansasii. Alcaide, F., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
78
Persisters, Persister studies in leprosy patients after multi-drug treatment. Gupta, U.D., et al. . . . . . . . . . (A)
100
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Detection of mycobacerium leprae DNA by polymerase chain reaction in the blood and nasal secretion of Brazilian household contacts. Almeida, E.C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Detection of mycobacterium leprae DNA by polymerase chain reaction in the blood and nasal secretion of Brazilian household contacts. Almeida, E.C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Prevalence, Prevalence of leprosy in Agra District (U.P.) India from 2001 to 2003. Kumar, Anil, et al. . . . (A) Seroprevalence of HIV infection among leprosy patients in Agra, India: Trends and perspective. Hussain, Tahziba, et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O) Prophylaxis, A study on transmission and a trial of chemoprophylaxis in contacts of leprosy patients: design, methodology and recruitment findings of COLEP. Moel, F.J., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Protein(s), A matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor promotes granuloma formation during the early phase of mycobacterium tuberculosis pulmonary infection. Izzo, A.A., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Alterations in neurofilament protein(s) in human leprous nerves: morphology, immunohistochemistry and Western immunoblot correlative study. Save, M.P., et al. . . . . (A) Detection of mycobacterium leprae DNA for 36kDa protein in urine from leprosy patients: a preliminary report. Parkash, O., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Leprosy Susceptibility—A matter of protein degradation? The role of proteasomes in infection and disease. Steinhoff, Ulrich and Visekruna, Alexande . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C)
75 83 115 93
149
73 60 67 131
73, 4
Subject Index—Volume 73
Mycobacterium tuberculosis functional network analysis by global subcellular protein profiling. Mawuenyega, K.G., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Prolonged toll-like receptor signaling by mycobacterium tuberculosis and its 19-kilodalton lipoprotein inhibits gamma interferon-induced regulation of selected genes in macrophages. Pai, R.K., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Serologic recognition of low molecular weight mycobacterial protein fractions in lepromatous patients with Type II reactions (ENL). Rada, Elsa Maria, et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C) The SLAM-associated protein (SAP) regulates IFN-gamma expression in leprosy. Quiroga, M.F., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) The protective effect of the mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine is increased by coadministration with the mycobacterium tuberculosis 72-kilodalton fusion polyprotein Mtb72F in M. tuberculosis-infected guinea pigs. Brandt, L., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Purification, Effects of purification and fluorescent staining on viability of mycobacterium leprae. Lahiri, Ramanuj, et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O)
335 84
63 222 60
70
194
Reaction, leprosy, Detection of mycobacerium leprae DNA by polymerase chain reaction in the blood and nasal secretion of Brazilian household contacts. Almeida, E.C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Detection of mycobacterium leprae DNA by polymerase chain reaction in the blood and nasal secretion of Brazilian household contacts. Almeida, E.C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Serial measurement of serum cytokines, cytokine receptors and neopterin in leprosy patients with reversal reactions. Faber, W.R., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Serologic recognition of low molecular weight mycobacterial protein fractions in lepromatous patients with Type II reactions (ENL). Rada, Elsa Maria, et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C) Some considerations on the origin of Type 1 reactions in leprosy. Opromolla, D.V.A . . . . . . . (C) Study of Apoptosis in skin lesions of leprosy in relation to treatment and lepra reactions. Ajith, C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O) The role of mycophenolate mofetil in the treatment of leprosy reactions. Burdick, Anne E. and Ramirez, Claudia C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C)
129
Rehabilitation, International Course on rehabilitation and prevention of disability (RPOD) and course in community based rehabilitation (CBR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N) Reconstructive surgery & rehabilitation in leprosy and other neuropathies. Anderson, George A (B) Reconstructive surgery & rehabilitation in leprosy and other neuropathies. Mathews, Ronnie . (B)
39 36 37
Relapse(s), Relapses after multibacillary leprosy treatment. Rodriguez, G., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
51
75 83 58 222 33 269
Review, Estimating the economic value to societies of the impact of health research: a critical review. Buxton, M., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Interferon-gamma assays in the immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis: a systematic review. Pai, M., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Leprosy research declines, but most of the basic questions remain unanswered.Scollard, D.M (E) Reviewers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Ob)
54 25 304
Rifampin, Multiplex detection of mutations in clinical isolates of rifampin-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis by short oligonucleotide ligation assay on DNA chips. Deng, J.Y., et al. . . . . (A)
61
Serum, Serial measurement of serum cytokines, cytokine receptors and neopterin in leprosy patients with reversal reactions. Faber, W.R., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
58
Skin, A study of mast cells in granulomatous lesions of skin, with special emphasis on leprosy. Bagwan, I.N., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Clinico-histopathological correlation of skin and nerve in leprosy. Khan, A., et al. . . . . . . . . . (A) Electrochemical antigen-retrieval of formaldehyde fixed and paraffin-embedded archived leprosy skin biopsies. Sergio, N.F., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
76
58 49 60
336
International Journal of Leprosy
Mycobacterium chelonae skin infection in kidney-pancreas recipient. Stelzmueller, I., et al. . (A) Study of Apoptosis in skin lesions of leprosy in relation to treatment and lepra reactions. Ajith, C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O)
2005 168 269
Social, Summary of questionnaires on leprosy in Yokohama City area and university hospitals Ishii, N., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
43
Social aspects, Summary of questionnaires on leprosy in Yokohama City area and university hospitals Ishii, N., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
43
South America, Workshop on Hansen’s Disease: The challenge to integrate diagnose and treatment activities into basic care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N)
40
Southeast Asia, Leprosy and tuberculosis in Iron Age Southeast Asia?. Tayles, N. and Buckley, H.R. . . . . . . . (A)
43
Spain, Factors contributing to the decline of leprosy in Spain in the second half of the twentieth century. Alfonso, Jose L., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O) Sensory polyneuropathy as initial manifestation of endemic leprosy in Spain. Serrano-Pozo, A., et al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
258 52
Stain(s), Effects of purification and fluorescent staining on viability of mycobacterium leprae. Lahiri, Ramanuj, et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O)
194
Sulfone(s), Diaminodiphenylsulfone resistance of mycobacterium leprae due to mutations in the dihydropteroate synthase gene. Kai, M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
67
Surgery, A Delphi Consensus on criteria for contraindications, assessment indicators and expected outcomes related to tibialis posterior transfer surgery. Cross, Hugh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O) Reconstructive surgery & rehabilitation in leprosy and other neuropathies. Anderson, George A (B) Reconstructive surgery & rehabilitation in leprosy and other neuropathies. Mathews, Ronnie . (B)
13 36 37
Synovitis, Mycobacterium chelonae tenosynovitis of the hand. Mateo, L., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
83
Thailand, Close contacts with leprosy in newly diagnosed leprosy patients in a high and low endemic area: Comparison between Bangladesh and Thailand. Richardus, Jan H., et al. . . . . . . . . . (O)
249
Therapy (see also Chemotherapy and Multidrug therapy), 16alpha-Bromoepiandrosterone restores T helper cell type 1 activity and accelerates chemotherapy-induced bacterial clearance in a model of progressive pulmonary tuberculosis. Hernandez-Pando, R., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) An evaluation of clinical and histopathological status in paucibacillary leprosy patients after completion of fixed duration therapy. Mathew, D., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa: adherence lessons from tuberculosis and leprosy. Reid, S.E., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Determinants of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV type 1-infected patients with tuberculosis after initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Breton, G., et al. . . . . . (A) Immunotherapy with plasmid DNA encoding mycobacterial hsp65 in association with chemotherapy is a more rapid and efficient form of treatment for tuberculosis in mice. Silva, C.L., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Microsphere technology for chemotherapy of mycobacterial infections. Barrow, R.R . . . . . . . (A) Therapy of nontuberculous mycobacterial infections. Jogi, R. and Tyring, S.K. . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Toll-like receptors, Long term control of mycobacterium bovis BCG infection in the absence of Toll-like receptors (TLRs): investigation of TLR2 , TLR6-, or TLR2-Tlr4-deficient mice. Nicolle, D., et al. . . . (A)
161 50 43 52
74 44 81
74
73, 4
Subject Index—Volume 73
337
Training, ALERT Training Courses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N)
40
Transmission, A study on transmission and a trial of chemoprophylaxis in contacts of leprosy patients: design, methodology and recruitment findings of COLEP. Moel, F.J., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
149
Treatment, A potentially new treatment for tuberculosis; Will a diarylquinoline work for leprosy?. Franzblau, Scott . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C) Immunotherapy with plasmid DNA encoding mycobacterial hsp65 in association with chemotherapy is a more rapid and efficient form of treatment for tuberculosis in mice. Silva, C.L., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Paucibacillary treatment for large tuberculoid lesiions of leprosy. Santos, Monica Nunes Souza, et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C) Persister studies in leprosy patients after multi-drug treatment. Gupta, U.D., et al. . . . . . . . . . (A) Relapses after multibacillary leprosy treatment. Rodriguez, G., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Study of Apoptosis in skin lesions of leprosy in relation to treatment and lepra reactions. Ajith, C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O) The role of mycophenolate mofetil in the treatment of leprosy reactions. Burdick, Anne E. and Ramirez, Claudia C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C) Workshop on Hansen’s Disease: The challenge to integrate diagnose and treatment activities into basic care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N) Trial(s), A study on transmission and a trial of chemoprophylaxis in contacts of leprosy patients: design, methodology and recruitment findings of COLEP. Moel, F.J., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Tuberculoid leprosy, A case of isolated tuberculoid leprosy of antebrachial medial cutaneous nerve. Martins, R.S., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Borderline tuberculoid leprosy with Type 1 reactiion in an HIV patient—A phenomenon of immune reconstitution. Narang, Tarun, et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O) Tuberculosis, 16alpha-Bromoepiandrosterone restores T helper cell type 1 activity and accelerates chemotherapy-induced bacterial clearance in a model of progressive pulmonary tuberculosis. Hernandez-Pando, R., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) A Diaryquinoline Drug Active on the ATP Synthase of mycobacterium tuberculosis. Andries, K., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) A heterologous DNA priming-mycobacterium bovis BCG boosting immunization strategy using mycobacterial Hsp70, Hsp65 and Apa antigens improves protection against tuberculosis in mice. Ferraz, J.C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) A matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor promotes granuloma formation during the early phase of mycobacterium tuberculosis pulmonary infection. Izzo, A.A., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) A mutant of mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv that lacks expression of antigen 85A is attenuated in mice but retains vaccinogenic potential. Copenhaver, R.H., et al. . . . . . . . . . (A) A potentially new treatment for tuberculosis; Will a diarylquinoline work for leprosy?. Franzblau, Scott . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C) Action of fluoroquinolones and Linezolid on logarithmic- and stationary-phase culture of mycobacterium tuberculosis. Garcia-Tapia, A., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Activation of CD8 T cells by mycobacterial vaccination protects against pulmonary tuberculosis in the absence of CD4 T cells. Wang, J., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Antimycobacterial calixarenes enhance innate defense mechanisms in murine macrophages and induce control of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice. Colston, M.J., et al. . . . (A) Antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa: adherence lessons from tuberculosis and leprosy. Reid, S.E., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Autophagy is a defense mechanism inhibiting BCG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival in infected macrophages. Gutierrez, M.G., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Cell biology of mycobacterium tuberculosis phagosome. Vergne, I., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Characterization of phylogenetically distant members of the adenylyl cyclase family from mycobacteria: Rv1647 from M.tuberculosis and its ortholog ML1399 from M. leprae. Shenoy, A.R., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
32
74 225 100 51 269 129 40
149
49 203
161 44
72 73 71 32 69 57 71 43 155 57
68
338
International Journal of Leprosy
Chemotherapeutic efficacy of poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticle encapsulated antitubercular drugs at sub therapeutic dose against experimental tuberculosis. Sharma, A., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone affect the response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to mycobacterial antigens during tuberculosis. Mahuad, C., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Cytolytic CD8+ T cells recognizing CFP10 are recruited to the lung after mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Kamath, A.B., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Decaprenyl diphosphate synthesis in mycobacterim tuberculosis. Kaur, D., et al. . . . . . . . . . . (A) Detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) in vitro and in situ using an electronic nose in combination with a neural network system. Pavlou, A.K., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Determinants of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV type 1-infected patients with tuberculosis after initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Breton, G., et al. . . . . . (A) Early effect of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection on Mac-1 and ICAM-1 expression on mouse peritoneal macrophages. Ghosh, S. and Saxena, R.K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Electron microscopy analysis of mycobacterium tuberculosis cell division. Dahl, J.L . . . . . . . (A) Endosomal membrane traffic: convergence point targeted by mycobacterim tuberculosis and HIV. Deretic, V., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Fatal mycobacterium tuberculosis infection despite adaptive immune response in the absence of MyD88. Fremond C.M., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Geranylgeraniol regulates negatively caspase-1 autoprocessing: implication in the TH1 response against mycobacterium tuberculosis. Montero, M.T., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Immunotherapy with plasmid DNA encoding mycobacterial hsp65 in association with chemotherapy is a more rapid and efficient form of treatment for tuberculosis in mice. Silva, C.L., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Improved diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis by detection of free and immune complexbound anti-30 kDa antibodies. Raja, A., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Interferon-gamma assays in the immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis: a systematic review. Pai, M., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Large scale candidate gene study of tuberculosis susceptibility in the Karonga district of northern Malawi. Fitness, J., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Leprosy and tuberculosis in Iron Age Southeast Asia?. Tayles, N. and Buckley, H.R. . . . . . . . (A) Lower expression of Th1-related cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase in mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. Yamashiro, S., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Macrophages play a dual role during pulmonary tuberculosis in mice. Leemans, J.C., et al. . . . . (A) Multiplex detection of mutations in clinical isolates of rifampin-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis by short oligonucleotide ligation assay on DNA chips. Deng, J.Y., et al. . . . . (A) Mycobacerium avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains isolated from Crohn’s disease patients and animal species exhibit similar polymorphic locus patterns. Ghadiali, A.H., et al. . . . . (A) Mycobacterium tuberculosis functional network analysis by global subcellular protein profiling. Mawuenyega, K.G., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Prolonged toll-like receptor signaling by mycobacterium tuberculosis and its 19-kilodalton lipoprotein inhibits gamma interferon-induced regulation of selected genes in macrophages. Pai, R.K., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Protective effect of a tuberculosis subunit vaccine based on a fusion of antigen 85B and ESAT6 in the aerosol guinea pig model. Olsen, A.W., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) RNA encoding the MPT83 antigen induces protective immune responses against mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Xue, T., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) TB tools to tell the tale—molecular genetic methods for mycobacterial research. Machowski, E.E., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) TB tools to tell the tale-molecular genetic methods for mycobacterial research. Machowski, E.E., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) The down-regulation of cathepsin G in THP-1 monocytes after infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis is associated with increased intracellular survival of bacilli. Rivera Marrero, C.A., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) The effect of iron on the expression of cytokines in macrophages infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. Serafin-Lopez, J., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) The glycan-rich outer layer of the cell wall of mycobacterium tuberculosis acts as an antiphagocytic capsule limiting the association of the bacterium with macrophages. Stokes, R.W., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) The magic bullets and tuberculosis drug targets. Zhang, Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
2005
45 63 62 69 55 52 72 69 52 61 70
74 64 54 84 43
66 63 61 80 84
63 74 75 54 84
64 65
65 46
73, 4
Subject Index—Volume 73
The major histocompatibility complex haplotype affects T-cell recognition of mycobacterial antigens but not resistance to mycobacterium tuberculosis in C3H mice. Kamath, A.B., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) The protective effect of the mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine is increased by coadministration with the mycobacterium tuberculosis 72-kilodalton fusion polyprotein Mtb72F in M. tuberculosis-infected guinea pigs. Brandt, L., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Tuberculosis-metabolism and respiration in the absence of growth. Boshoff, H.I. and Barry, C.E., III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Use of multilocus variable number tandem-repeat analysis for typing mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Overduin, P., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Ulcer(s), Mycobacterium ulcerans disease: role of age and gender in incidence and morbidity. Debacker, M., et al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Myiasis in leprosy Malaviya, G.N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O) Ulcerative cutaneous mycobacteriosis due to report of two mexican cases. Coloma, Josefa, et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O) Urine, Antimycobacterial calixarenes enhance innate defense mechanisms in murine macrophages and induce control of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice. Colston, M.J., et al. . . . (A) Detection of mycobacterium leprae DNA for 36kDa protein in urine from leprosy patients: a preliminary report. Parkash, O., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) High-polarity mycobacterium avium-derived lipids interact with murine macrophage lipid rafts. Maldonado-Garcia, G., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Vaccine(s), Vaccination, A mutant of mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv that lacks expression of antigen 85A is attenuated in mice but retains vaccinogenic potential. Copenhaver, R.H., et al. . . . . . . . . . (A) Activation of CD8 T cells by mycobacterial vaccination protects against pulmonary tuberculosis in the absence of CD4 T cells. Wang, J., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Comparative evaluation of immunotherapeutic efficacy of BCG and Mw vaccines in patients of borderline lepromatous and lepromatous leprosy. Narang, Tarun, et al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Lipsomes as adjuvant for anti-mycobacterial vaccine development. Verma, I., et al. . . . . . . . . (A) Protective effect of a tuberculosis subunit vaccine based on a fusion of antigen 85B and ESAT6 in the aerosol guinea pig model. Olsen, A.W., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara expressing antigen 85A boosts BCG-primed and naturally acquired antimycobacterial immunity in humans. McShane, H., et al. . . . . . . . . . (A) The protective effect of the mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine is increased by coadministration with the mycobacterium tuberculosis 72-kilodalton fusion polyprotein Mtb72F in M. tuberculosis-infected guinea pigs. Brandt, L., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) Vasculitis, Successive development of cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa, leucocytoclastic vasculitis and Sweet’s syndrome in a patient with cervical lymphadenitis caused by mycobacterium fortuitum. Chen, H.H., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) World Health Organization (WHO), A need for clarification of the classification criteria for leprosy patients Oskam, L. and Buhrer-Sekula, S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C) Comments on WHO/AFRO’s “Post-Elimination” strategy paper: A new bottle with old wine of the “Final Push”. Ji, Baohong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (E) Dr. Gelber and Colleagues Reply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C) Has the Term “Elimination” outlived its utility? Ganapati, R. and Pai, V.V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C) Measuring impairment caused by leprosy: inter-tester reliability of the WHO disability grading system. Nienhuis, W.A., et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A)
339
62
70 69 84
79 277 5
71 67 73
71 57 105 75 74 82
70
79
280 216 281 229 50