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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIOLOGY OF LANGUAGE
General Editor JOSHUA A. FISHMAN
Offprint
Mouton de Gruyter Berlin· New York
Merging and drifting apart. Convergence and divergence of dialects across political borders FRANS HINSKENS, JEFFREY L. KALLEN, and JOHAN TAELDEMAN
Dialects arise not because of the mere fact of individual variation but because two or more groups of individuals have become sufficiently disconnected to drift apart, or independently, instead of together. Sapir (1921: !50) The fact tlrat diversity is not automatically cmmected with isolation suggests that it may also be connected with the normal processes of face-to-face communication. Labov (1972: 324)
Prologue
From 1995 until 1998, the European Science Foundation funded an international research network of sociodialectologists working on aspects of "The Convergence and Divergence of Dialects in a Changing Europe." The Network, which was founded and chaired by Peter Auer (Universities of Hamburg and, subsequently, Freiburg) and Frans Hinskens (Universities of Nijmegen and, subsequently, Leipzig), and in which eleven European countries were officially represented, organized three workshops (in Nijmegen, Gent, and Heidelberg), an open conference in Reading, and a summer school for Ph.D. students in Malaga. There is also a series of publications relating to the theme of the Network, some of which have appeared already (Auer et al. 1996; Auer 1998b), while others are still in preparation. Further information about the activities of the Network, the electronic first versions of most of the papers presented at the workshops, the abstracts for the open conference, and a number of reports can be traced through the ESF homepage: a European areal phenomenon. Folia Linguistica 33(1), 11-18. Aitchison, J. (1981). Language Change: Progress or Decay? Douglas. Isle of Man: Fontana. Appel, R. (1999). "Ik mix gewoon, no span." De straattaal van jongeren in Amsterdam. Onze Taal68(1), 140-143. Aubin, H.; Frings, T. ; and Muller, J. (1926). Kulturstromungen und Kuiturprovinzen in den Rheinlanden. Geschichte, Sprache, Volkskur.de. Bonn: Rohrscheid. Auer, P. (1998a). Dialect levelling and the standard varieties in Europe. In Folia Linguistica 32(1-2): Dialect Leveling and the Standard Varieties in Europe (special issue), P. Auer (ed.), 1-9. -(ed.) (1998b). Dialect Levelling and the Standard Varieties in Europe (special issue). Folia Linguistica 32(1-2). -(1999). Das versteckte Prestige des Tiirkischen. Zur Verwendung des Tiirkischen in gemischtethnischen Jugendlichengruppen in Hamburg. In Migration, gesellscltaftliche Differenzierung und Bildung: Resultate des Forschungsschwerpunktprogramms FABER, I. Gogolin and B. Nauck (eds.), 97-112. Opladen: Leske and Budrich. Auer, P.; and Hinskens, F. (1996). The convergence and divergence of dialects in Europe. New and not so new developments in an old area. · In P. Auer, F. Hinskens and K. Mattheier (eds), 1-30. Convergence and divergence of dialects in Europe (=Sociolinguistics 10). - ; Hinskens, F.; and Mattheier, K. (eds.) (1996). Convergence and Divergence of Dialects in Europe (special issue). Sociolinguistica 10. Bailey, C.-J. (1973). Variation and Linguistic Theory. Arlington, VA: Center for Applied Linguistics. Bakker, P. (1995). Over convergentie in een Sprachbund. In Artikelen van de Tweede Sociolinguistische Conferentie, E. Huls and R. van Hout (eds.). Delft: Eburon. -;and Cortiade, M. (eds.) (1991). In the Margin of Romani. Pub!ikaties van bet Instituut voor Algemene Taalwetenschap 58. Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam. - ; and Mous, M. (1994a). Introduction. In ML>:ed Languages. P. Bakker and M. Mous (eds.), 1-11. Amsterdam: IFOTT. 11. - ; and Mous, M. (eds.) (1994b). Mixed Languages. 15 Case Studies in Language Intertwining. Amsterdam: IFOTT.
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