Merchandise exports of selected Central and Eastern European countries by region, major trading partner, and major produ
WTO 2001
International trade statistics 2001
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ISSN 1020-4997 ISBN 92-870-1220-2 Printed in France X-2001-3,000 © World Trade Organization 2001
Table of Contents
World trade developments in 2000 and the first half of 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
1
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade growth in 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade of developing countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade developments in major regional trade agreements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Details of trade developments in 2000 by geographic region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developments in the first half of 2001 and outlook for the year as a whole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 2 3 5 5 15
I. World trade in 2000 – Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
II. Selected long-term trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
III. Trade by region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic States and the CIS (transition economies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Africa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Middle East . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37 44 52 60 69 77 81 84
IV. Trade by sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
95
1. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Agricultural products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Mining products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 Fuels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Manufactures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 Iron and steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 Chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 Machinery and transport equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Office machines and telecom equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Automotive products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 Textiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 Clothing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Commercial services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 Transportation services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 Travel services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 Other commercial services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
95 97 102 106 108 112 118 122 125 130 137 143 150 157 157 159 161
Appendix tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Technical Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
iii
List of tables and charts Overview Chart 1 Chart 2 Table 1 Chart 3 Chart 4 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Table 5 Chart 5 Table 6 Chart 6 Table 7 Table 8 Chart 7 Chart 8 Table 9 Chart 9 Table 10 Chart 10 Chart 11
World merchandise trade and output by major product group, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . World merchandise trade by region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . World exports of merchandise and commercial services, 1990-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . World merchandise trade by product, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . World commercial services trade by selected region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade and output growth of developing economies, 1990-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise exports of least developed countries by selected country groups, 1990-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GDP and trade developments in North America, 1990-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GDP and trade developments in Latin America, 1990-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America. Merchandise trade by country, 1990-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GDP and trade developments in Western Europe, 1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Europe. Merchandise trade by country, 1990-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GDP and trade developments in transition economies, 1995-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GDP and trade developments in Africa, 1990-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transition economies. Merchandise trade by country, 1995-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Africa. Merchandise trade by country, 1990-2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade developments in the Middle East, 1990-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Middle East. Merchandise trade by country, 1990-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GDP and trade developments in Asia, 1990-2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asia. Merchandise trade by country, 1990-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Real GDP and trade growth of OECD countries,1996-2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 10 12 13 14 15 16 17
I. World trade in 2000 - Overview Table I.1 Table I.2 Table I.3 Table I.4 Table I.5 Table I.6 Table I.7 Table I.8 Table I.9
Growth in the volume of world merchandise exports and production by major product group, 1990-00 . . . . . . Growth in the volume of world merchandise trade by selected region, 1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Growth in the value of world merchandise trade by region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Growth in the value of world trade in commercial services by selected region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leading exporters and importers in world merchandise trade, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leading exporters and importers in world merchandise trade (excluding intra-EU trade), 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leading exporters and importers in world trade in commercial services, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Share of goods and commercial services in the total trade of selected regions and economies, 2000. . . . . . . . . Merchandise trade of selected regional integration arrangements, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19 19 20 20 21 22 23 24 25
II. Selected long-term trends Chart II.1 Chart II.2 Table II.1 Table II.2 Table II.3 Table II.4 Table II.5 Table II.6 Table II.7
World merchandise trade and output by major product group, 1950-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . World merchandise trade by major product group, 1950-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . World merchandise exports, production and gross domestic product, 1950-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . World merchandise trade by region and selected economy, 1948, 1953, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1990 and 2000 . . Merchandise trade of North America by region and by product, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993 and 2000 . . . . . . . . . Merchandise trade of Western Europe by region and by product, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993 and 2000 . . . . . . . . Merchandise trade of Japan by region and by product, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993 and 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise exports of selected regions and economies to the least-developed countries, 1980, 1990, 1999 and 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise imports of selected regions and economies from the least-developed countries, 1980, 1990, 1999 and 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
III. Trade by region 1. Overview Chart III.1 Chart III.2 Table III.1 Table III.2 Table III.3
Value of world merchandise trade by region, 1993-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The volume of world merchandise trade by selected region, 1993-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . World merchandise exports by region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . World merchandise imports by region, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Intra- and inter-regional merchandise trade, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37 38 39 39 40 v
Chart III.3 Table III.4 Table III.5 Table III.6 Table III.7 Chart III.4
World trade in commercial services by selected region, 1993-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . World exports of commercial services by selected region, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . World imports of commercial services by selected region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial services exports of selected economies by selected partners, 1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial services imports of selected economies by selected partners, 1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Distribution of trade in commercial services of selected economies, 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41 42 42 43 43 43
2. North America Table III.8 Table III.9 Chart III.5 Chart III.6 Table III.10 Table III.11 Table III.12 Table III.13 Table III.14 Table III.15 Table III.16 Table III.17 Table III.18 Table III.19 Table III.20
Merchandise trade of North America, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise trade of North America by region and by major product group, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise trade of North America,1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Share of North America in world merchandise trade,1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise exports of North America by product, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise imports of North America by product, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise exports of North America by destination, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise imports of North America by origin, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gross domestic product and trade in goods and services of Canada and the United States, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise exports and imports of Canada and the United States, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise trade of Canada by region and economy, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise trade of the United States by region and economy, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise exports of NAFTA countries by destination, 1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade in commercial services of Canada, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade in commercial services of the United States, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44 44 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 49 50 51 51
3. Latin America Table III.21 Table III.22 Chart III.7 Chart III.8 Table III.23 Table III.24 Table III.25 Table III.26 Table III.27 Table III.28 Table III.29 Table III.30
Merchandise trade of Latin America, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise trade of Latin America by region and by major product group, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise trade of Latin America,1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Share of Latin America in world merchandise trade,1990-00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise exports of Latin America by product, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise exports of Latin America by destination, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leading merchandise exporters and importers in Latin America, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise exports of MERCOSUR countries by region, 1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise imports of MERCOSUR countries by region, 1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise exports of ANDEAN countries by region, 1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise imports of ANDEAN countries by region, 1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leading exporters and importers of commercial services in Latin America, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
52 52 52 52 53 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
4. Western Europe Table III.31 Table III.32 Chart III.9 Chart III.10 Table III.33 Table III.34 Table III.35 Table III.36 Table III.37 Table III.38 Table III.39 Table III.40 Table III.41 Table III.42 Table III.43 Table III.44
Merchandise trade of Western Europe, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise trade of Western Europe by region and by major product group, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise trade of Western Europe,1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Share of Western Europe in world merchandise trade,1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise exports of Western Europe by product, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise imports of Western Europe by product, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise exports of Western Europe by destination, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise imports of Western Europe by origin, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gross domestic product and trade in goods and services in Western Europe, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leading merchandise exporters and importers in Western Europe, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise trade of the European Union by region and economy, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leading exporters and importers of commercial services in Western Europe, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade in commercial services of France, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade in commercial services of Germany, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade in commercial services of Italy, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade in commercial services of the United Kingdom, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
60 60 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 64 65 66 67 67 68 68
5. Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic States and the CIS (transition economies) Table III.45 Table III.46
vi
Merchandise trade of the Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic States and the CIS, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise trade of the Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic States and the CIS by region and by major product group, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
69 69
Chart III.11 Chart III.12 Table III.47 Table III.48 Table III.49 Table III.50 Table III.51 Table III.52 Table III.53 Table III.54
Merchandise trade of the Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic States and the CIS,1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Share of the Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic States and the CIS in world merchandise trade,1990-00 . . Merchandise exports of the Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic States and the CIS by major product group and main destination, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leading merchandise exporters and importers in Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic States and the CIS, 2000 . Merchandise exports of selected Central and Eastern European countries by region, major trading partner, and major product group, 1998-00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise imports of selected Central and Eastern European countries by region, major trading partner, and major product group, 1998-00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Relative importance of inter-regional trade in the total merchandise trade of the Baltic States, 2000. . . . . . . . . Relative importance of inter-regional trade in the total merchandise trade of the CIS, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise exports of selected economies to the CIS, 1998-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise imports of selected economies from the CIS, 1998-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
69 69
Merchandise trade of Africa, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise trade of Africa by region and by major product group, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise trade of Africa,1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Share of Africa in world merchandise trade,1990-00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise exports of Africa by major product group and main destination, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise exports of Africa by destination, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leading merchandise exporters and importers in Africa, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise exports of the European Union to developing countries in Africa by product, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise imports of the European Union from developing countries in Africa by product, 2000. . . . . . . . . .
77 77 77 77 78 78 79 80 80
Merchandise trade of the Middle East, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise trade of the Middle East by region and by major product group, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise trade of the Middle East,1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Share of the Middle East in world merchandise trade,1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise exports of the Middle East by major product group and main destination, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise exports of the Middle East by destination, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Imports of fuels of selected regions and economies from the Middle East, 1990 and 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leading merchandise exporters and importers in the Middle East, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
81 81 81 81 82 82 83 83
Merchandise trade of Asia, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise trade of Asia by region and by major product group, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise trade of Asia,1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Share of Asia in world merchandise trade,1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise exports of Asia by main product group and main destination, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise exports of Asia by product, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise exports of Asia by destination, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leading merchandise exporters and importers in Asia, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise trade of Japan by region and by economy, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise exports of the United States, the European Union and Japan to China by major product, 2000. . . Merchandise imports of the United States, the European Union and Japan from China by major product, 2000. Merchandise exports of ASEAN countries by region, 1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise imports of ASEAN countries by region, 1990-00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leading exporters and importers of commercial services in Asia, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade in commercial services of Japan, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
84 84 84 84 85 86 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94
70 71 72 73 74 74 75 76
6. Africa Table III.55 Table III.56 Chart III.13 Chart III.14 Table III.57 Table III.58 Table III.59 Table III.60 Table III.61
7. Middle East Table III.62 Table III.63 Chart III.15 Chart III.16 Table III.64 Table III.65 Table III.66 Table III.67
8. Asia Table III.68 Table III.69 Chart III.17 Chart III.18 Table III.70 Table III.71 Table III.72 Table III.73 Table III.74 Table III.75 Table III.76 Table III.77 Table III.78 Table III.79 Table III.80
IV. Trade by sector 1. Overview Chart IV.1 Table IV.1 Chart IV.2 Table IV.2
World merchandise exports by product, 1990 and 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . World merchandise exports by product, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . World exports of commercial services by category, 1990, 1995 and 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . World exports of commercial services by category, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
95 95 96 96 vii
2. Agricultural products Table IV.3 Table IV.4 Table IV.5 Chart IV.3 Table IV.6 Table IV.7 Table IV.8 Table IV.9
World trade in agricultural products, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Major regional flows in world exports of agricultural products, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Share of agricultural products in trade in total merchandise and in primary products by region, 2000 . . . . . . . . 97 Regional shares in world trade in agricultural products, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Exports of agricultural products by region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Leading exporters and importers of agricultural products, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Exports of agricultural products of selected economies, 1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Imports of agricultural products of selected economies, 1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
2.1 Food Table IV.10 Table IV.11 Table IV.12 Chart IV.4 Table IV.13 Table IV.14 Table IV.15
World trade in food, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Major regional flows in world exports of food, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Share of food in trade in total merchandise and in primary products by region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Regional shares in world trade in food, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exports of food by principal region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Imports of food into the European Union, North America and Japan by region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leading exporters and importers of food, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
102 102 102 102 103 104 105
3. Mining products Table IV.16 Table IV.17 Table IV.18 Chart IV.5 Table IV.19
World trade in mining products, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Major regional flows in world exports of mining products, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Share of mining products in trade in total merchandise and in primary products by region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . Regional shares in world trade in mining products, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exports of mining products by region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
106 106 106 106 107
World trade in fuels, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Major regional flows in world exports of fuels, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Share of fuels in trade in total merchandise and in primary products by region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Regional shares in world trade in fuels, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Imports of fuels of selected economies by region and supplier, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Imports of fuels of selected economies, 1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
108 108 108 108 109 111
3.1 Fuels Table IV.20 Table IV.21 Table IV.22 Chart IV.6 Table IV.23 Table IV.24
4. Manufactures Table IV.25 Table IV.26 Table IV.27 Chart IV.7 Table IV.28 Table IV.29 Table IV.30 Table IV.31 Table IV.32
World trade in manufactures, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Major regional flows in world exports of manufactures, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Share of manufactures in total merchandise trade by region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Regional shares in world trade in manufactures, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exports of manufactures by region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade in manufactures of the United States, the European Union and Japan by region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leading exporters and importers of manufactures, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exports of manufactures of selected economies, 1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Imports of manufactures of selected economies, 1990-00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
112 112 112 112 113 114 115 116 117
4.1 Iron and steel Table IV.33 Table IV.34 Table IV.35 Chart IV.8 Table IV.36 Table IV.37 Table IV.38 viii
World trade in iron and steel, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Major regional flows in world exports of iron and steel, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Share of iron and steel in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Regional shares in world trade in iron and steel, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exports of iron and steel by principal region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iron and steel imports of the European Union and the United States by region and supplier, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . Leading exporters and importers of iron and steel, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
118 118 118 118 119 120 121
4.2 Chemicals Table IV.39 Table IV.40 Table IV.41 Chart IV. 9 Table IV.42 Table IV.43
World trade in chemicals, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Major regional flows in world exports of chemicals, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Share of chemicals in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Regional shares in world trade in chemicals, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exports of chemicals by principal region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leading exporters and importers of chemicals, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
122 122 122 122 123 124
4.3 Machinery and transport equipment Table IV.44 Table IV.45 Table IV.46 Chart IV.10 Table IV.47 Table IV.48 Table IV.49 Table IV.50
World trade in machinery and transport equipment, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Major regional flows in world exports of machinery and transport equipment, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Share of machinery and transport equipment in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2000 Regional shares in world trade in machinery and transport equipment, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exports of machinery and transport equipment by principal region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leading exporters and importers of machinery and transport equipment, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exports of machinery and transport equipment of selected economies, 1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Imports of machinery and transport equipment of selected economies, 1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
125 125 125 125 126 127 128 129
Office machines and telecom equipment Table IV.51 Table IV.52 Table IV.53 Chart IV.11 Table IV.54 Table IV.55 Table IV.56 Table IV.57 Table IV.58
World trade in office machines and telecom equipment, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Major regional flows in world exports of office machines and telecom equipment, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Share of office machines and telecom equipment in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Regional shares in world trade in office machines and telecom equipment, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exports of office machines and telecom equipment by principal region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Imports of office machines and telecom equipment of selected economies by region and supplier, 2000 . . . . . . Leading exporters and importers of office machines and telecom equipment, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exports of office machines and telecom equipment of selected economies, 1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Imports of office machines and telecom equipment of selected economies, 1990-00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
130 130 130 130 131 132 134 135 136
Automotive products Table IV.59 Table IV.60 Table IV.61 Chart IV.12 Table IV.62 Table IV.63 Table IV.64 Table IV.65 Table IV.66
World trade in automotive products, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Major regional flows in world exports of automotive products, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Share of automotive products in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . Regional shares in world trade in automotive products, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exports of automotive products by principal region, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Imports of automotive products of selected economies by region and supplier, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leading exporters and importers of automotive products, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exports of automotive products of selected economies, 1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Imports of automotive products of selected economies, 1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
137 137 137 137 138 139 140 141 142
World trade in textiles, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Major regional flows in world exports of textiles, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Share of textiles in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Regional shares in world trade in textiles, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exports of textiles by principal region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Textile imports of selected economies by region and supplier, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leading exporters and importers of textiles, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exports of textiles of selected economies, 1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Imports of textiles of selected economies, 1990-00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
143 143 143 143 144 145 147 148 149
4.4 Textiles Table IV.67 Table IV.68 Table IV.69 Chart IV.13 Table IV.70 Table IV.71 Table IV.72 Table IV.73 Table IV.74
4.5 Clothing Table IV.75 Table IV.76
World trade in clothing, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 Major regional flows in world exports of clothing, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 ix
Table IV.77 Chart IV.14 Table IV.78 Table IV.79 Table IV.80 Table IV.81 Table IV.82
Share of clothing in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Regional shares in world trade in clothing, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exports of clothing by principal region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Clothing imports of selected economies by region and supplier, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leading exporters and importers of clothing, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exports of clothing of selected economies, 1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Imports of clothing of selected economies, 1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
150 150 151 152 154 155 156
5. Commercial services 5.1 Transportation services Table IV.83 Chart IV.15 Table IV.84 Chart IV.16 Table IV.85
World exports of transportation services, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . World exports of transportation services and share in total commercial services, 1993-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Share of transportation services in total trade of commercial services by selected region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Regional shares in world trade in transportation services, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leading exporters and importers of transportation services, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
157 157 157 157 158
5.2 Travel services Table IV.86 Chart IV.17 Table IV.87 Chart IV.18 Table IV.88
World exports of travel services, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . World exports of travel services and share in total commercial services, 1993-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Share of travel services in total trade of commercial services by selected region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Regional shares in world trade in travel services, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leading exporters and importers of travel services, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
159 159 159 159 160
5.3 Other commercial services Table IV.89 Chart IV.19 Table IV.90 Chart IV.20 Table IV.91
World exports of other commercial services, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . World exports of other commercial services and share in total commercial services, 1993-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Share of other commercial services in total trade of commercial services by selected region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . Regional shares in world trade in other commercial services, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leading exporters and importers of other commercial services, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
161 161 161 161 162
Appendix tables Table A1 Table A2 Table A3 Table A4 Table A5 Table A6 Table A7 Table A8 Table A9 Table A10 Table A11 Table A12 Table A13 Table A14 Table A15 Table A16 Table A17 Table A18 Table A19 Table A20 Table A21
x
World merchandise exports, production and gross domestic product,1990-00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Network of world merchandise trade by region, 1990, 1995 and 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Network of world merchandise trade by region, 1998-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise trade of selected regional integration arrangements, 1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . World merchandise exports by region and selected economy,1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . World merchandise imports by region and selected economy,1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . World exports of commercial services by selected region and economy,1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . World imports of commercial services by selected region and economy,1990-00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Network of world merchandise trade by product and region, 1990, 1995 and 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Network of world merchandise trade by product and region, 1998-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - European Union (15) . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - Singapore. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Export prices of primary commodities, 1990-01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
163 164 166 169 170 174 178 181 184 188 192 194 196 198 200 202 204 206 208 210 212
Abbreviations and symbols ANDEAN APEC ASEAN BOP BPM5 CEFTA CIS EFTA EU EUROSTAT FAO FDI GDP GNP HS IEA IMF ISIC MERCOSUR NAFTA OECD SAPTA SITC UNECE UNECLAC UNCTAD UNIDO UNSD
Andean Common Market Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Association of South-East Asian Nations Balance of Payments Balance of Payments Manual, fifth edition Central European Free Trade Agreement Commonwealth of Independent States European Free Trade Association European Union Statistical Office of the European Communities Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Foreign direct investment Gross Domestic Product Gross National Product Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System International Energy Agency International Monetary Fund International Standard Industrial Classification Southern Common Market North American Free Trade Agreement Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development South Asian Preferential Trade Arrangement Standard International Trade Classification United Nations Economic Commission for Europe United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean United Nations Conference on Trade and Development United Nations Industrial Development Organization United Nations Statistics Division
c.i.f. f.o.b. n.e.s. n.i.e.
cost, insurance and freight free on board not elsewhere specified not included elsewhere
The following symbols are used in this publication : ... 0 – $ Q1, Q2 I
not available figure is zero or became zero due to rounding not applicable United States dollars 1st quarter, 2nd quarter break in comparability of data series. Data after the symbol do not form a consistent series with those from earlier years.
Billion means one thousand million. Minor discrepancies between constituent figures and totals are due to rounding. Unless otherwise indicated, (i) all value figures are expressed in U.S. dollars; (ii) trade figures include the intra-trade of free trade areas, customs unions, regional and other country groupings; (iii) merchandise trade figures are on a customs basis and (iv) merchandise exports are f.o.b. and merchandise imports are c.i.f. Data for the latest year are provisional. Closing date 31 August 2001
xi
1. Overview The year 2000 was outstanding for global output and trade growth. The expansion of merchandise output and trade by 4.5% and 12%, respectively, was the strongest in more than a decade. As trade growth continued to exceed output growth, the ratio of world trade in goods and services to world GDP reached 29%. Since 1990 this ratio has increased 10 percentage points, more than in the two preceding decades combined.1 Manufacturing production rose 6% in 2000, but the increase in agricultural production was limited to 1%. Mining output was up 3.5% boosted by a 4.5% increase in oil and gas output. As in preceding years, exports of manufactures increased in real terms much faster than exports of agricultural or mining products. And once again, the excess of trade growth (14.5%) over output growth (6%) in manufactures was far higher than in the other two sectors, although preliminary data for agriculture suggest also an untypical large gap between trade and output growth.2 Chart 1
World merchandise trade and output by major product group, 2000 (Annual percentage change in volume terms)
Manufactures
Agricultural products
Mining products
Exports Output
strongly in South America and the Russian Federation, after stagnating the previous year. Africa’s output growth is estimated to have strengthened in 2000, but – at 3% – remained well below the growth recorded in other developing regions. While Western Europe’s economic growth increased to 3.4%, its strongest expansion in the last decade, Japan’s recovery remained moderate and very fragile. The forces behind the improved economic activity differed among the regions. High growth in the information technology sector was particularly beneficial for North America and Asia, while the rise in world energy demand and the recovery of oil prices boosted the economies of the oil exporting countries. In both the Russian Federation and Brazil a sharply lower real effective exchange rates and the fading of contractionary forces linked to financial crises helped stimulate a strong recovery in production.
Overview
World trade developments in 2000 and the first half of 2001
In 2000 growth in trade volumes more than doubled The stronger output growth in all regions stimulated – and in turn was stimulated by – the 12% increase in merchandise trade volume in 2000, nearly matching the best growth rates observed over the last five decades. In contrast to the two preceding years, when world trade expansion depended to a large extent on demand in North America, the pattern of regional import demand was more evenly balanced in 2000, with all regions except Western Europe and Africa recording doubledigit import growth (Chart 2). Asia and the transition economies recorded both the highest export growth among the major regions and the largest increases in imports, highlighting once again that dynamic
All merchandise
Chart 2
World merchandise trade by region, 2000 0 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
The contrast between the figures for 2000 and the available figures for the first half of 2001 could hardly be greater. By the last quarter of 2000, it was evident that a marked deceleration in output and trade growth was likely in 2001. But the extent to which the slowdown in production, investment and trade – associated in particular with developments in the information technology sector – would exceed earlier predictions became clear only as the first half of 2001 unfolded. The value of world merchandise trade in the first half of 2001 is now tentatively estimated to have been just 2% above the corresponding period last year. And worse, in the second quarter of 2001, the level of world trade was below that of the corresponding quarter in 2000 – the first year-over-year decline in world trade (on a quarterly basis) since 1998, during the Asian financial crisis.
All regions reported faster economic growth in 2000 Economic growth accelerated in all major regions in 2000. North America and developing Asia, which had each recorded GDP growth above the global average in 1999, recorded only moderate accelerations. In contrast, economic activity picked up
(Annual percentage change in volume terms)
Transition economies Asia Western Europe World average North America Middle East Latin America
Imports Exports
Africa 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
1
Measured at constant 1987 prices and exchange rate. A further indicator of the strength of global integration last year is the estimated 18% increase in the US dollar value of inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI). Although the most dynamic part of FDI flows was again among the developed countries, both developing and transition economies reported record FDI inflows. However, total private capital flows (net) to the developing countries and the transition economies were close to zero as net FDI inflows were fully offset by other private capital outflows. (International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Economic Outlook, October 2001). 2
1
Overview
exporters are dynamic importers. A noteworthy feature in Asia is Japan’s strong merchandise import growth over the last two years at a time when its economy was nearly stagnating, a development often linked to decisions by Japanese manufacturing firms to relocate part of their production to other Asian economies. In Western Europe, exports and imports grew by nearly 10% – about twice the rate in the preceding year but less than the growth of world trade. The growth of imports into North America again exceeded that of exports from North America, for the fourth consecutive year. Data for Latin America (including Mexico) indicate a strong recovery of imports in 2000, following the contraction in 1999 linked to repercussions of the financial crisis in Brazil. While the region’s export growth accelerated to 9.5%, the expansion was less strong than the world average for the first time since 1995. It should be kept in mind that regional totals for Latin America conceal the fact that in Mexico, the region’s largest trader, trade growth was three to four times faster than in the rest of the region.
2. Trade growth in 2000
US$940 billion). While the latter category recorded the highest growth among all major product groups throughout the 1990s, fuel’s 10% share in world trade in 2000 was little changed from its 1990 level. World exports of agricultural products again recorded the weakest growth of all product categories in 2000 (up 2% to US$560 billion); consequently its share in world merchandise trade fell to a record low of 9%. Chart 3
World merchandise trade by product, 2000 (Annual percentage change in value terms) Fuels Office and telecom equipment Non-ferrous metals Iron and steel Ores and other minerals Other consumer goods Chemicals Other semimanufactures Clothing Other mach. and transport equipm.
The value of world merchandise exports was up 12.5% in 2000, triple that of 1999, to US$6.2 trillion, due to the strong rise in export volumes and a small increase in export prices measured in US dollars (Table 1). World exports of commercial services rose by 6% in 2000 – close to the average for the past decade – reaching US$1.4 trillion. The faster growth of merchandise trade relative to trade in commercial services continued a trend that has been evident since the mid-1990s, driven in part by the 60% increase in oil prices since 1995. The estimated small increase in US dollar prices of merchandise exports last year arrested the downward trend evident since 1995. The overall figure, however, masks highly divergent price trends across products, countries and regions – trends that contributed to the large variations in trade growth of countries and regions in 2000 (see Table I.3). Crude oil prices were up to US$28 per barrel, their highest level since 1985. Both agricultural prices and those of internationally traded manufactured goods continued the declines that began in the second half of the 1990s, reaching their lowest level in ten years. Factors behind the weakness in prices for manufactured goods include low inflation rates, steady declines in the prices of electronic products throughout the 1990s (as their share in world trade of manufactured goods was rising), and the strength of the US dollar – in particular vis-à-vis European currencies, which led to a significant fall in the prices of European exports expressed in US dollars.3 The product categories in world merchandise trade with the highest growth rates in 2000 were fuels (up 50% to US$630 billion) and office and telecom equipment (up 20% to
Average
Textiles Automotive products Agricultural products
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Regional trade value developments in 2000 were strongly influenced by higher oil prices. All regions with a large share of fuels in their export basket – the Middle East, Africa and the transition economies – reported export expansions in excess of one quarter, or more than twice the global average export growth. For at least 17 oil-exporting countries, merchandise exports were up by more than one half in 2000.4 Export growth significantly exceeded import growth in both the Middle East, where exports are estimated to have risen by nearly 50%, and in the transition economies where – largely due to the Russian Federation’s high export growth – exports expanded by 26%. Africa’s 27% increase in merchandise exports in 2000 was four times the growth of its imports, and more than double the growth rate for world exports. However, that aggregate figure for the continent as a whole hides exceptionally large differences among individual African countries. While the major fuel exporters in Africa recorded sharp export and import growth, some 20 African countries reported absolute declines in the level of exports and imports. Western Europe’s export and import 3 The prices of manufactured goods excluding office and telecom products are estimated to have stagnated in 2000 and increased moderately since 1990. 4 Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Islamic Republic of Iran, Nigeria, Algeria, Kuwait, Iraq, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Oman, Kazakhstan, Angola, Trinidad and Tobago, Yemen, Turkmenistan, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudan and Equatorial Guinea.
Table 1 World exports of merchandise and commercial services, 1990-2001 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value 2000
2
55
Annual percentage change 1990-00
1999
2000
2001 First half
Merchandise
6186
6.0
4.0
12.5
1.0
Commercial services
1435
6.0
2.0
6.0
…
Chart 4
World commercial services trade by selected region, 2000 (Annual percentage change in value terms)
Transition economies Overview
growth in 2000 was the lowest of all regions, principally due to the depreciation of the euro against the US dollar. Expressed in euros, exports from the EU were up 17%, compared to a 2.5% gain in US dollar terms. The marked difference between the stagnation of EU intra-trade and the 7% rise of exports to all other countries is attributable largely to different price developments. For the fifth consecutive year the expansion of North America’s trade – exports and imports – exceeded that of world trade. Imports were particularly buoyant, rising faster than exports and resulting in an excess of imports over exports in the order of US$450 billion, equivalent to 7% of world merchandise trade. North America’s trade deficit is entirely due to trade developments of the United States, with Canada recording a trade surplus in 2000. Asia’s import growth of nearly one quarter exceeded that of its exports which in turn still grew faster than world trade. Consequently, Asia’s share in world trade rose again and recovered (for exports) to its previous peak level of 27% in 1996. All major traders recorded double-digit export and import growth and intra-trade of the region rose by one quarter. Another noteworthy development was the outstanding expansion of China’s exports and imports and the recovery of imports of the five Asian countries most affected by financial turbulences in 1997/98. The latter group’s imports rose sharply in 2000 and nearly matched the previous peak level in 1996. As these countries’ exports have risen by one third between 1996 and 2000, their trade deficit of US$45 billion in 1996 turned into a surplus of US$70 billion by 2000. Commercial services trade developments by region and major product categories differed markedly less than those for merchandise trade in 2000. However, there were a number of similarities with merchandise trade in regional developments. Western Europe, which alone accounts for almost 45% of world services trade, recorded a near stagnation of its exports and imports measured in US dollars, compared with a 14% increase in euros. North America, Latin America and the Middle East recorded strong expansion of their commercial services trade, with both exports and imports up by more than 10%. The fastest growth of imports of commercial services occurred in the transition economies, whose exports grew also faster than the world average. Among the major categories of commercial services, transportation showed the strongest growth in 2000. This is unusual and most likely reflects both the strong expansion in merchandise trade and increased transportation costs due to the higher oil prices. The 5% increase in travel expenditure in 2000 was below that sector’s average growth over the past decade. Trade in “other commercial services” (financial services,
North America Latin America Imports
Africa
Exports Asia
World average
Western Europe 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
communications, information services, royalties and licence fees) grew at about the same 6% rate as total services trade, in contrast to most years when this sector has been by far the most dynamic category of traded services.
3. Trade of developing countries The developing countries made a major contribution to the vigorous expansion of world output and trade in 2000 (Table 2). GDP growth in excess of 5% for the aggregate of developing countries was the strongest in a decade. The estimated 15% increase in the volume of merchandise exports from developing countries was three times faster than their GDP growth. In dollar terms, merchandise exports from developing countries rose 24%, twice the rate for world merchandise exports, while imports were up 21%. As a result, the share of the developing countries in world trade and output continued to increase, as it has done throughout the 1990s. Indeed, the share of developing countries in world merchandise exports has risen steadily since 1986 – with the exception of 1998 during the Asian financial crisis – reaching a 50-year high of 30% last year. Only a small part of the increase in the share of developing countries in world trade over the past decade is the result of increases in oil prices. It is due rather to their ability to expand their role in world exports of manufactured goods, the most dynamic part of world trade.
Table 2 Trade and output growth of developing economies, 1990-2000 (Annual percentage change) Developing economies
World
1999
2000
1990-00
1990-00
GDP
3.0
5.2
4.5
2.8
Merchandise export volume
7.0
15.0
9.0
7.0
Merchandise import volume
4.5
15.5
8.0
7.0
Merchandise export value
9.5
24.0
9.0
6.0
Merchandise import value
4.0
21.0
9.0
6.0
3
Overview
Developing countries accounted for 27% of world exports of manufactures in 2000, a remarkable increase from their 17% share in 1990 The largest part of this increased share is accounted for by China, Mexico and East Asian exporters of office and telecom equipment; such equipment also accounts for a very large share in total developing countries exports of manufactures. For the decade as a whole, a number of smaller exporters – particularly in Asia – also recorded export growth rates well above the global average. The share of manufactures in the merchandise exports of developing countries has risen markedly in the 1990s and exceeded two thirds in 1998/99. Exports of office and telecom equipment alone accounted for a larger share of their exports than either agricultural products or mining products. As regards the latter two product categories, the developing countries’ shares in world exports have shown limited gains over the past decade but still exceed – at 30% and 54% respectively – their 27% share of world exports of manufacturers. Developing countries merchandise exports and imports slowed markedly in the first half of 2001. Preliminary data suggest that developing countries exports rose about 2% in US dollar terms in the first six months of 2001 and that over the same period their imports were up 4%. Trade of developing countries in Asia was most affected. According to preliminary data their merchandise exports and imports stagnated in US dollar terms in the first six months, with trade in the second quarter below that in the same period in 2000. Lower volume growth and a decline in US dollar prices both contributed to this outcome. Latin America’s trade was up by about 5% (both exports and imports) but also on a downward trend. Imports of oil-exporting countries showed some strength despite a marked deceleration of their export growth. Least-developed countries The 49 least-developed countries (LDCs) – as a group – shared in the dynamic output and trade growth of the other developing countries. In 2000, GDP growth of LDCs is estimated to have exceeded 5%, and the US dollar value of their merchandise exports rose by 28%, to a record US$34 billion; this was the second consecutive year in which the growth in LDC merchandise exports exceeded the growth in world merchandise exports.5 However, the figures for the group as a whole conceal very divergent developments at the individual country level (Table 3).
For trade purposes, it is useful to distinguish at least four country groups: - oil-exporting LDCs, such as Angola, Yemen, Sudan and Equatorial Guinea; they benefited from higher oil prices and increased their exports by between 60% and 120% last year. These four countries alone accounted for more than 40% of LDC exports in 2000. - LDCs that export mostly manufactured goods; their merchandise exports rose by nearly one quarter last year. This group, which accounted for almost one third of LDC exports in 2000, comprises Bangladesh, Cambodia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Lesotho, Madagascar, Myanmar and Nepal. As a group, these countries have recorded high export growth rates throughout the 1990s, nearly matching or exceeding that of China. In many instances, exports from affiliates of multinational companies contributed to the outstanding trade growth. - the largest group; consists of those LDCs whose exports are limited to a few primary commodities; their export performance is often determined by the cyclical demand in commodity markets and the vagaries of weather. Exports of these LDCs are not only erratic but their longer term growth remains well below that of world trade. Even in last year’s buoyant economic environment, most of these countries saw their exports decline. - those LDCs that, due to armed conflicts and civil strife, experienced a severe contraction of their trade in the 1990s to levels below that of 20 years ago. Countries in this group – which now accounts for less than 5% of LDC merchandise exports – are Afghanistan, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Sierra Leone and Somalia. Given the very sharp differences in the economic and political conditions, as well as in the trade and output structure of these 49 countries, it is clear that aggregate figures for the LDCs as a whole are, for many purposes, not very helpful. This is evident, for example, from the fact that in 2000 aggregate merchandise exports from the LDCs were at a record level, while at the same time more than one third of the LDCs saw their exports decline.
If the LDCs were a single country, they would have been the 34th largest merchandise exporter in 2000, just ahead of Venezuela and Poland. 5
Table 3 Merchandise exports of least developed countries by selected country groups, 1990-2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value 2000
Total LDC
Annual percentage change 1990-00
1998
1999
2000
28
34
7
-6
12
Oil exporters (4) a
15
11
-30
50
63
Exporters of manufactures (7) b
11
14
20
5
23
Commodity exporters (29)
8
1
-1
-6
-3
LDC with civil strife (6) c
1
-7
-12
-8
-3
6186
6.0
-1.5
4.0
12.5
Memorandum Item : World a
4
Angola, Equatorial Guinea, Sudan and Yemen.
b
Bangladesh, Cambodia, Lao People’s Dem. Rep., Lesotho, Madagascar, Myanmar and Nepal.
c
Afghanistan, Burundi, Congo Dem. Rep., Rwanda, Sierra Leone and Somalia.
5. Details on trade developments in 2000 by geographic region
Merchandise trade developments, in dollar terms, of the largest regional trade agreements showed great variation in 2000.6 Their combined intra-trade is estimated to have accounted for about 36% of world merchandise exports in 2000; this is a lower share than at any time during the 1990s and is entirely due to the declining share of EU intra-trade. While intra-trade of the EU, the largest and most integrated RTA, rose less rapidly than its extra-regional trade, intra-trade of NAFTA expanded substantially faster than its exports to other regions. However, NAFTA imports from other regions rose, at 18%, as fast as its intra-trade. For both MERCOSUR and ASEAN intra-trade rose significantly faster than their extra-regional trade: for MERCOSUR, in 2000 the share of intra-trade, slightly above one fifth, remained below its 1998 peak; for ASEAN, intra-trade accounted for nearly one quarter of total trade, a record on the import, but not on export, side. Intra-regional trade of CEFTA and ANDEAN accounted for somewhat more than 10% of their total trade and expanded in general less rapidly than extra-regional trade in 2000. The exception being the extra-regional imports of ANDEAN which recovered less rapidly than intra-trade. Information on intra-regional trade in commercial services is generally not readily available and therefore often not taken into account in the evaluation of RTAs. However, it is of interest and now feasible to shed some light on intra-trade in commercial services for the EU and NAFTA. In both cases the share of intra-trade is significantly higher for merchandise than for services trade. For the EU the share of intra-trade for commercial services was 55% in 2000 or five percentage points less than for merchandise trade; this share has remained roughly unchanged from the early 1990s. For NAFTA, the share of intra-trade in commercial services decreased in the 1990s by about five percentage points and in 2000 was, at less than one quarter of total services trade, about half the rate recorded for merchandise trade.7 According to preliminary data for the year 2000, intra-regional trade in services expanded less dynamically than extra-regional trade in services for both the EU and NAFTA.
Vigorous demand growth in the United States, based on high investment and strong consumer expenditure sustained by large capital inflows, led to a surge in merchandise and commercial services imports. The current account deficit widened for the fourth consecutive year, reaching a record 4.5% of GDP. Meanwhile the real effective exchange rate of the US dollar continued to appreciate, making foreign goods steadily more attractive to United States buyers. As economic growth picked up in all regions in 2000, North America’s real export growth gained momentum and nearly caught up with the 11.5% increase in imports. The value of North American merchandise exports rose by 12.5%, more than twice as fast as in the preceding year and faster than the 10% increase in exports of commercial services. The acceleration in North America’s merchandise import growth in 2000 compared to 1999 is entirely due to higher prices (on a volume basis, import growth in 2000 just matched the 1999 figure).8 Imports of commercial services rose also at double-digit rates but less than merchandise imports. Price developments also left their mark on the origins of North America’s merchandise imports. Due to the rise in fuel prices, imports from Africa and the Middle East rose by more than 50% and those from the transition economies more than one third. Above average import growth was also recorded for shipments originating from the Republic of Korea (29%), Mexico (26%), Brazil (20%) and China (18%). In 2000, imports from China and Mexico accounted for 7.5% and 10%, respectively, of total North American imports. Over the 1990s, both countries increased their shares of North America’s imports, mainly at the expense of imports from Japan, Chinese Taipei and Brazil. While in 2000 intra-North American imports rose less rapidly than total
Overview
4. Trade developments in major regional trade agreements
6 The RTAs with, in dollar terms, the largest intra-trade flows in 2000 are: the EU (1394 billion), NAFTA (680 billion), ASEAN (96 billion), MERCOSUR (18 billion), CEFTA (14 billion) and ANDEAN (5 billion). Values refer to the average of exports and imports. 7 Using the average of exports and imports. 8 For the first time in three years North America’s real import expansion lagged somewhat behind that of global trade.
Table 4 GDP and trade developments in North America, 1990-2000 (Annual percentage change) North America
GDP
United States
Canada
1990-00
1999
2000
1990-00
1999
2000
1990-00
1999
2000
3.2
4.1
4.2
3.2
4.1
4.1
2.7
4.5
4.7
Merchandise Exports (value)
7.5
5.0
12.5
7.0
3.0
11.5
8.0
11.5
16.0
Imports (value)
9.0
11.0
17.5
9.5
12.0
19.0
7.0
7.0
11.0
Exports (volume)
7.0
6.0
10.0
6.5
4.0
9.5
9.0
10.5
11.0
Imports (volume)
8.5
11.5
11.5
8.5
11.5
11.5
9.0
11.0
13.0
Commercial services Exports (value)
7.5
4.5
10.0
7.5
4.5
10.5
7.5
5.5
9.0
Imports (value)
6.5
4.0
12.5
7.0
4.0
13.5
4.5
3.5
9.0
5
Overview
imports, the 26% share was little changed from its level ten years earlier. Although imports from Japan and Western Europe rose at double-digit rates in 2000, this was not enough to avoid a further decrease in their share of North America’s imports (see Table III.13). North American merchandise exports to China and Mexico rose by more than one quarter in 2000, twice as fast as total exports. Intra-North America exports rose faster than total exports and accounted for 40% of North America’s exports. Mexico became the largest destination for North America’s exports in the 1990s, its 11% share exceeding the combined shipments to Japan, China and Hong Kong, China in 2000. North America’s exports to Japan and the EU rose by 11% and 6% respectively while shipments to the Middle East continued to decrease last year. The share of Africa and the transition economies dwindled further in 2000 and accounted for less than 2% of North American exports (see Table III.12). Latin America’s sharp rise in output in 2000 was mainly due to the recovery in Brazil and strong GDP growth in Mexico. The double-digit merchandise trade growth of the region conceals the fact that Mexico’s real trade growth was three to four times larger than that of the rest of Latin America, a development that can also be observed for the entire 1990-2000 period. The main elements in the outstanding Mexican trade growth are the expansion of the maquila industry, the creation of NAFTA and the strength of United States import demand (90% of Mexico’s merchandise exports – mainly manufactured goods – go to the United States). Measured in dollar terms, Latin American merchandise exports rose by 20% to 359 billion dollars, sharply reducing the region’s merchandise trade deficit despite a strong recovery of its imports (up 16%). Commercial services exports and imports rose by some 13% or twice as fast as the global average. This pattern, in which Latin America’s commercial services trade expands less rapidly than merchandise trade, held throughout the 1990s and in 2000. A noteworthy feature of Mexico’s commercial services trade is that, in contrast to merchandise trade, it is far less dynamic than that of most other Latin American countries. There was a marked change in the destinations of Latin American merchandise exports in the 1990s as the share of the Americas rose to nearly 80% at the expense of all other regions. In 2000, the combined value of intra-Latin American trade and exports to North America rose by 23% to a level much higher than exports to either Western Europe or Asia. Exports to other
regions increased moderately not only in 2000 but also throughout the 1990s, to the effect that the share of Africa, the Middle East and the transition economies combined has fallen to 2.5% last year. The product groups among Latin America’s merchandise exports showing the strongest rise in 2000 were: fuels (31%), office and telecom equipment (26%), non-ferrous metals (23%), clothing (22%) and automotive products (21%). While the strength of fuels and non-ferrous metal exports can be attributed to price increases, the rise in exports of the other three product groups reflects longer-term trends. Each of those three product groups has more than doubled its share in Latin America’s exports since 1990 and combined they accounted for more than a quarter of Latin America’s exports in 2000. The trade performances of individual Latin American countries are reported in Chart 5. Countries are ranked from the largest trader (exports plus imports) on the left to the smallest trader on the right (Mexico and Dominica, respectively). Not surprisingly the oil exporting countries (Venezuela and Trinidad and Tobago) recorded the by far highest export growth in 2000, while seven countries in the region experienced a contraction in their exports. The reasons for the contractions range from a temporary closure of a chip plant in the case of Costa Rica to lower exports of bananas in some Caribbean Islands. Last year’s export developments contrast with those recorded for the 1990s when the countries which export principally manufactures were the only ones with average annual export growth rates above 10%. These four countries, Mexico, the Dominican Republic, Costa Rica and El Salvador are also among the most dynamic importers due to their high level of intra-industry trade (processing trade). From Chart 5 it is also evident that the smaller merchandise traders in Latin America, mainly the Caribbean Islands, recorded much lower trade growth in the 1990s than the region’s top 14 traders. The most frequent explanation given for this development is the lack of diversification in the merchandise exports of the Caribbean Islands, together with a specialization in tourism (a commercial services item). In 2000, Western Europe recorded its fastest trade and output growth – on a volume basis – in the past decade, as merchandise exports and imports rose by about 10%, twice as fast as the preceding year. However, trade growth in dollar terms remained sluggish due to the depreciation of the European currencies against the US dollar and the low rates of inflation in 2000. The dollar value of commercial services exports and
Table 5 GDP and trade developments in Latin America, 1990-2000 (Annual percentage change) Latin America
GDP
Mexico
Other Latin America
1990-00
1999
2000
1990-00
1999
2000
1990-00
1999
2000
3.2
0.4
4.1
3.5
3.5
6.9
3.1
-0.5
3.3
Merchandise Exports (value)
9.5
6.5
20.0
15.0
16.0
22.0
6.0
-0.5
18.5
Imports (value)
12.0
-3.0
15.5
15.5
13.5
23.0
9.0
-13.5
10.0
Exports (volume)
9.0
7.0
9.5
14.5
14.5
15.5
5.5
2.0
5.0
Imports (volume)
10.5
-1.5
11.0
13.0
14.0
19.0
8.5
-11.0
4.5
Exports (value)
7.5
-0.5
12.5
6.5
-3.0
17.0
7.5
0.5
11.0
Imports (value)
7.5
-5.5
13.0
5.0
11.5
19.5
8.5
-9.5
11.0
Commercial services
6
Chart 5
Latin America. Merchandise trade by country, 1990-2000
Merchandise trade of Latin American countries, 2000 (Exports plus imports, billion dollars) 200 180
Per capita merchandise trade of Latin American countries, 2000 (Exports plus imports, dollars) 6000 Trinidad and Tobago
Mexico (349) 5000
Netherlands Antilles
Bahamas (9000)
Overview
(Countries are ranked in descending order (from left to right) of the sum of merchandise exports and imports in 2000)
160
100
Costa Rica Brazil
3000
Argentina Venezuela Chile Colombia
2000
Chile
80 60 40
Barbados
4000
120
Dominica
140
Average 1000
20 0
0
Merchandise exports of Latin American countries, 2000 (Percentage change in dollar values) 30
20
Venezuela (58) Trinidad and Tobago (64) 25
Mexico
El Salvador
Average
20
15
El Salvador
15
Merchandise exports of Latin American countries, 1990-2000 (Average annual percentage change in dollar values)
Mexico
Dominican Rep.
Belize Cayman I.
Panama
10
Cuba
Guyana
Chile
10 5
Costa Rica
Average
5
0 n.a.
0
-5 Netherlands Antilles -10
-5
Costa Rica
-15
St. Lucia
-10
Merchandise imports of Latin American countries, 2000 (Percentage change in dollar values) 30
Merchandise imports of Latin American countries, 1990-2000 (Average annual percentage change in dollar values) 20
Mexico
Dominican Rep.
Mexico
25
Venezuela Cuba (-11)
Haiti
-20
Brazil
Belize Guyana
20
15 Average
15
Argentina Costa Rica Dominican Rep.
El Salvador Honduras
Haiti Nicaragua
10
Grenada
10 5
Average
5
0 -5
Argentina Costa Rica
Panama
Haiti Nicaragua
-10 -15 -20
Cayman Islands
n.a.
0
-5
Cuba
St. Vincent and the Granadines -10
7
Table 6 GDP and trade developments in Western Europe, 1990-2000 (Annual percentage change)
Overview
Western Europe
GDP
European Union (15)
EU (15) excl. intra-trade
1990-00
1999
2000
1990-00
1999
2000
1990-00
1999
2000
2.0
2.4
3.4
2.0
2.6
3.3
…
…
…
Merchandise Exports (value)
4.0
0.5
3.0
4.0
0.0
2.5
5.0
-1.5
7.0
Imports (value)
4.0
1.5
5.5
4.0
2.0
5.0
5.5
3.5
13.0
Exports (volume)
6.5
4.5
10.5
6.5
5.0
10.5
4.5
3.5
12.0
Imports (volume)
6.0
5.5
10.0
6.0
6.0
9.5
4.5
5.0
9.5
Commercial services Exports (value)
4.5
0.5
0.5
4.5
1.5
-0.5
…
…
…
Imports (value)
4.5
1.0
1.0
5.0
1.0
1.0
…
…
…
imports was nearly stagnant as in the preceding year, while measured in euros they rose by 14%, significantly faster than in 1999. Large variations could be observed among the destinations of Western Europe’s merchandise exports. Exports to North America, Asia and the transition economies rose between 10% to 13% while shipments to the Middle East and Latin America recovered only partially from their contraction in 1999. Exports to Africa stagnated, as expanding shipments to South Africa were offset by a further shrinking shipments to other African countries. Intra-West European trade rose in dollar terms only marginally. In the 1990s the highest export growth was recorded to Central/East European countries which are in the process of joining the European Union. Western Europe’s exports to North America, developing Asia and Latin America also recorded above average growth during the 1990s, reflecting the fact that these regions had been the most dynamic importers in the world. As intra-trade accounts for about two thirds of total Western European trade, the relative performance of product groups is generally similar for both total imports and total exports.9 Due to the marked price increase, fuels and non-ferrous metals recorded the highest growth of all product groups on the import and export side. Trade in office and telecom equipment rose by more than 10% in both exports and imports, remaining – as in the preceding ten years – the fastest growing product group among the manufactured goods. In 2000, office and telecom equipment accounted for 13% of Western Europe’s imports while automotive products accounted for 10%. Agricultural products, textiles and clothing, in contrast, recorded a contraction on both the export and import side. Western Europe’s exports of automotive products recorded a small increase while imports decreased. In the 1990s, the average increase of automotive exports and imports was 5%, thereby somewhat faster than exports of manufacturers in general. Western Europe’s merchandise trade by country is shown in Chart 6. High export growth is reported by Norway, a fuels exporter, and Ireland, Finland and Malta, which export primarily office and telecom equipment. These three countries also recorded an above-average increase of imports in 2000 and in exports and imports over the last decade. Being net-fuels exporters contributed to an above-average increase in merchandise exports from the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. 8
A strong recovery in domestic demand caused a surge in Turkey’s imports in 2000, while exports stagnated. Turkey’s merchandise trade expansion in the 1990s is second only to Ireland’s. It is interesting to note that the smaller traders have been, for the most part, more dynamic traders than the larger Western European countries in both 2000 and in the last decade. In 2000, the transition economies recorded excellent output growth and a sharp recovery in their trade. The substantial devaluation of the rouble in 1998 and higher world prices for oil, natural gas and metals contributed to the outstanding 8.3% GDP growth in the Russian Federation last year. In Central/Eastern Europe economic activity also gained momentum and the 3.7% GDP growth was twice the average rate for the last three years. Following their contraction in 1999, exports and imports expanded with more than 15%, beating the global average. The value of merchandise exports from the region rose by 26% to 271 billion dollars in 2000, accounting for 4.4% of world exports. The 13% increase in merchandise import value was only half that of exports. Imports of commercial services into the transition economies rose by nearly 15% while exports were up 8%. Consequently, the region’s trade deficit in commercial services widened in 2000 at the same time as the region’s merchandise trade surplus was growing. Within the group of transition economies growth rates for merchandise exports differed widely in 2000, ranging from 14% for Central/Eastern Europe, to 24% for the Baltic States and to 38% for the CIS. Although a large part of these differences can be attributed to the different shares of fuels in their respective exports, it is worth noting that CIS exports of manufactured and agricultural products recovered at much stronger rates than those of Central/Eastern Europe. In 2000, the sluggishness of the latter’s exports of agricultural products is partly due to the decrease in shipments to Western Europe, which fell to a level below the 1996 level (see Table III.47). The trade performance of individual transition economies is shown in Chart 7. The two outstanding features of the transition economies’ merchandise exports in 2000 are the strong growth of the four major fuel exporting countries (the Russian
9 The share of intra-trade of the major product groups ranges from 65% to 77% for exports and from 47% to 84% for imports.
Chart 6
Western Europe. Merchandise trade by country, 1990-2000
Merchandise trade of Western European countries, 2000 (Exports plus imports, billion dollars)
Per capita merchandise trade of Western European countries, 2000 (Exports plus imports, dollars)
Overview
(Countries are ranked in descending order (from left to right) of the sum of merchandise exports and imports in 2000)
40000
1200 Germany
Belgium
35000
1000
Ireland
30000 Netherlands
800 600
25000 United Kingdom France
Switzerland
20000
Italy Netherlands Belgium
400
15000 10000
200
Ireland
Malta
Finland
5000
0
Malta
Germany Average
Greece
0
Merchandise exports of Western European countries, 1990-2000 (Average annual percentage change in dollar values)
Merchandise exports of Western European countries, 2000 (Percentage change in dollar values) 20
35
Norway
30 25
15
20 15 10 5
Ireland
10
Finland Germany UK
Netherlands Belgium
Spain Average Greece
0 -5
Ireland
Malta
5
Netherlands Average
0
n.a.
Turkey Norway Finland
France Portugal
-10
Merchandise imports of Western European countries, 2000 (Percentage change in dollar values)
Merchandise imports of Western European countries, 1990-2000 (Average annual percentage change in dollar values) 20
35 Turkey 30 25
15 Malta
20 15
Ireland
10 10
Italy
Spain
Ireland
Average
5 Norway
0 -5 -10
Austria
Denmark
Spain 5
Turkey
Greece
Average
Greece Portugal 0
n.a.
9
Table 7 GDP and trade developments in transition economies, 1995-2000 (Annual percentage change)
Overview
Transition economies
GDP
C./E. Europe
Russian Federation
1995-00
1999
2000
1995-00
1999
2000
1995-00
1999
2000
1.4
3.7
7.1
2.2
1.7
3.7
1.1
5.4
8.3
Merchandise Exports (value)
6.5
-1.0
26.0
8.0
1.0
14.0
5.5
1.0
39.0
Imports (value)
4.0
-12.0
13.5
9.0
-1.0
12.5
-5.5
-32.0
11.5
Exports (volume)
7.0
-2.0
17.0
…
…
…
…
…
…
Imports (volume)
8.0
-9.0
15.5
…
…
…
…
…
…
Exports (value)
2
-14
8
1
-11
11
-2
-27
6
Imports (value)
2
-8
15
3
1
5
-3
-18
30
Commercial services
Federation, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan) and the fact that the majority of the 22 transition countries recorded an expansion in exports above the world average. The high growth rate of the oil exporting transition economies was the outcome of higher prices combined with an increase in the quantity of fuel exports. The expansion of exports from the Central/East European countries, ranging from 12% for Hungary to 22% for Romania (and thereby below that of the transition countries in general) was affected by the fact that imports into Western Europe – its major export market – rose by a mere 5.5% in 2000. Despite the strong overall trade growth in 2000, it is disappointing to note that three transition economies have not regained their 1996 export levels, while five have not regained their 1996 import levels. Economic growth accelerated somewhat in Africa last year but with a GDP growth of 3.1% the expansion exceeded only slightly that of population growth and remained the lowest among all developing regions. Rough estimates for the volume of Africa’s merchandise trade indicate that export and import growth in real terms was around 6-7%, the lowest rate among all the geographic regions. The dollar value of Africa’s merchandise exports rose by more than one quarter last year, lifting Africa’s share to 2.3% of world merchandise exports. The strong expansion of the regional aggregate hides very divergent trends at the country level.
Exports of the eight African countries which export primarily crude oil rose by about two thirds, while that of South Africa increased by 12% and that of the rest of Africa rose by only 1%. The recovery of African imports by 7% to $137 billion was not enough to avoid a further erosion of its share in world imports to 2.1%. Oil exporters increased their imports by more than 20% and imports into South Africa were up 11%. The rest of Africa as a group recorded a slight decrease in imports. Africa’s commercial services exports stagnated in 2000 – partly due to sluggish tourism earnings – while commercial services imports rose by about 9%. The destination of Africa’s merchandise exports changed in 2000 under the impact of the region’s 60% rise in fuels exports. Regions which import primarily fuels from Africa (e.g. North and Latin America) increased their shares in Africa’s merchandise exports while the shares of other regions stagnated or decreased. African exports to North America – of which three quarters are fuels – went up by more than two thirds in 2000, bringing its share in Africa’s total exports to 18%, the highest level in the past decade. While African exports to Asia, and in particular to Western Europe, have a more diversified product structure than those to North America, the share of fuels in these trade flows is still close to one half, making this the major factor in the expansion of these trade flows by one quarter in 2000. Consequently, the shares of Western Europe and Asia in Africa’s total exports remained – at 50% and 17% respectively – roughly
Table 8 GDP and trade developments in Africa, 1990-2000 (Annual percentage change) Africa
GDP
South Africa
Other Africa
1990-00
1999
2000
1990-00
1999
2000
1990-00
1999
2000
2.3
2.5
3.1
1.7
1.9
3.2
2.4
2.6
3.1
Merchandise Exports (value)
3.5
9.5
26.5
3.0
1.5
12.5
3.5
12.5
31.0
Imports (value)
4.0
-2.5
6.5
5.0
-8.5
11.0
3.5
-1.0
5.5
Exports (value)
5
10
1
4
-4
1
5
13
1
Imports (value)
4
-3
9
3
1
0
4
-4
10
Commercial services
10
Chart 7
Transition economies. Merchandise trade by country, 1995-2000
Merchandise trade of transition economies, 2000 (Exports plus imports, billion dollars)
Per capita merchandise trade of transition economies, 2000 (Exports plus imports, dollars) 7000
120 Russian Fed. (151)
6000
100
Czech Rep. Hungary
60
Czech Rep. Hungary Estonia
5000
Poland
80
Slovak Rep.
4000 3000
Ukraine Slovak Rep. Romania Belarus
20
Lithuania Bulgaria
2000
Latvia
Average Georgia
40
Overview
(Countries are ranked in descending order (from left to right) of the sum of merchandise exports and imports in 2000)
1000 0
0
Merchandise exports of transition economies, 1995-2000 (Average annual percentage change in dollar values)
Merchandise exports of transition economies, 2000 (Percentage change in dollar values) 30
40
Kazakhstan (64)
Russian Fed.
35 30
Ukraine
Turkmenistan (102)
Azerbaijan (88)
25
Azerbaijan
Belarus Average
25
Armenia
20
20 Hungary
Georgia
15 Kazakhstan Estonia
15 10
10
Average
5
5
0 0
Albania
-5 -10
Bulgaria
-5
Merchandise imports of transition economies, 2000 (Percentage change in dollar values)
Moldova (-9)
Merchandise imports of transition economies, 1995-2000 (Average annual percentage change in dollar values) 30
40 Belarus
35
Kazakhstan
Moldova, Rep. of 25
25 20 15 10
Russian, Fed.
30 Romania
20
Estonia
Hungary
Hungary
15 Poland
Average 10
Belarus
Estonia
Latvia Azerbaijan
Armenia
Average
5
5 0
Georgia
0
-5 -10
Kyrgyz Rep.
-5
Russian Fed. (-6)
Tajikistan
11
Chart 8
Africa. Merchandise trade by country, 1990-2000 (Countries are ranked in descending order (from left to right) of the sum of merchandise exports and imports in 2000)
Overview
Merchandise trade of African countries, 2000 (Exports plus imports, billion dollars) 3500 South Africa
Libyan A.J. Gabon (3600) (4000)
3000
50
2500
Seychelles (6500)
Mauritius Botswana
40
Equatorial Guinea Nigeria
30
20
Namibia
Algeria Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Morocco Egypt
1500
10
Djibouti
Average
500
0
0
Merchandise exports of African countries, 2000 (Percentage change in dollar values)
50
Tunisia
1000
Tunisia Angola
60
Swaziland
2000
Merchandise exports of African countries, 1990-2000 (Average annual percentage change in dollar values) 25
Libya A.J. (84) Congo (60)
Sierra Leone (117)
Sudan (132)
Equatorial Guinea (31)
20 Sudan
40
Guinea-Bissau Lesotho Seychelles
15 Equatorial Guinea
30
Average
10
Uganda
Morocco Ghana
20 5
Average
10 0
0
-5
-10 Côte d'Ivoire
Zimbabwe
Mauritania
-20 Uganda
-30
Malawi
n.a. South Africa Zambia Congo, D. R.
-10
Sao Tome and Principe
Gambia (-16)
-15
Merchandise imports of African countries, 2000 (Percentage change in dollar values)
Sierra Leone (-21)
60
Per capita merchandise trade of African countries, 2000 (Exports plus imports, dollars)
Merchandise imports of African countries, 1990-2000 (Average annual percentage change in dollar values) 25
Sierra Leone (84)
Libya A.J. (80)
50 Madagascar
40 30
Uganda
20 10
Average
0 -10 -20 -30
12
n.a. Algeria Egypt
Uganda Sao Tome and Principe (86)
60
20 15 10
Ghana Sudan
Average
0 -5
Burkina Faso -15
Cape Verde
Benin
5
-10 Zimbabwe
Nigeria
n.a. Zambia Congo, D.R.
total merchandise exports. The share of intra-regional trade in total trade is estimated to have been about 6.5% last year, unchanged from 1990. The trade performance of individual countries in the Middle East is shown in Chart 9. Those countries which export primarily crude oil recorded increases in their exports in excess of 50%, while the fuel importers recorded export growth rates below 10%, with the notable exception of Israel. Israel’s strong export performance in the 1990s and in 2000 can be partly attributed to the strength of its exports in office and telecom equipment. Yemen and Kuwait recorded the highest export growth in the 1990s due to an expansion of their crude oil production. In the case of Yemen, new wells more than doubled oil output while in Kuwait production has recovered from the low level following the Gulf War. While Asia’s economic recovery continued in 2000, the 3.5% GDP growth was below that recorded in the first half of the 1990s. Japan’s economy, the largest in the region, reported a lacklustre growth of 1.5% last year, in contrast to the nearly 7% GDP growth in developing Asia. The five Asian countries most affected by the financial turbulence in 1997/98 – recorded an average GDP growth of 6.5%. However, growth rates differed markedly between those countries, ranging from nearly 9% for the Republic of Korea to 4% in the Philippines. China’s reported GDP growth was 8% in 2000, down slightly from the 10% average growth in the 1990s, the latter a significant achievement for the most populous country in the world. Despite the moderate acceleration of Asia’s economic growth in 2000, its trade volume surged by more than 15%, about twice the average growth rate for the 1990s. The merchandise export volume of the five Asian countries just mentioned expanded by nearly 20% and imports recovered nearly as fast. Japan’s import growth over the last two years is astonishingly strong given the near stagnation of its economy. Nevertheless, the expansion in the volume of exports and imports was less than the world average, both in 2000 and throughout the decade. For the second year in a row, Asia’s merchandise imports (in value terms) expanded faster than the region’s merchandise exports. However, in 2000 Asia’s 23% share in world merchandise imports remained below its previous peak of 25% in 1995, while Asia’s export share recovered to its previous peak (see Chart III.18). Asia’s commercial services exports rose by 12% in 2000, twice the world average, while the region’s imports rose by 8%. The excess of the region’s export over import growth can be attributed largely to the region’s two largest commercial services exporters, Japan and Hong Kong, China. Both recorded a rise in their commercial services exports of 13% in 2000, while their imports rose only moderately (see Table III.79).
Overview
unchanged from the preceding year. It is estimated that intraAfrican trade increased by 12%, which implies a decrease in this share to about 7.5%, the lowest level in the last five years (see Table III.58). In addition to the sharp rise in fuels exports, other major features of Africa’s merchandise exports include a marked decrease in agricultural exports, a stagnation of clothing shipments and a sharp rise in exports of chemicals and other semi-manufactured goods (including diamonds). Chart 8 summarizes Africa’s merchandise trade by country for the year 2000 and the period 1990-2000. Three features standout. First, Africa’s trade is highly concentrated, with four countries alone out of 52 accounting for more than one half of Africa’s trade. Second, as it is indicated by the marked differences in per capita trade, the importance of merchandise trade differs dramatically among African countries. Third, the chart reveals that there is a large variation in the individual trade performance of African countries not only in 2000 but also over the 1990-2000 period. Over the last ten years 11 African countries expanded their exports faster than the 6% increase in world trade, while 14 African countries exported less in 2000 than ten years earlier – confirming the point made in connection with LDC trade that aggregated regional data often conceals highly divergent developments at a more disaggregated level. The Middle East, where fuels account for three quarters of merchandise exports, was the region that benefitted most from the oil price increases over the last two years. For the second year in a row, it recorded the highest export growth of all the regions and its share in world merchandise exports reached 4.2% the highest level since 1985. Despite the sharply higher export earnings, imports of merchandise recovered only by 13.5%, resulting in a substantial trade and current account surplus. Commercial services exports rose by 15% to 34 billion dollars in 2000. Although commercial services exports of the region have expanded faster than imports over the last four years, the region still recorded a commercial services deficit in the order of 22 billion dollars, offsetting about one fourth of the region’s merchandise trade surplus. The regional pattern of the Middle East’s merchandise exports shows above average growth to Asia and North America and below average growth to Western Europe. This relative strength of shipments to Asia and North America is not limited to recent years but can be observed as well for the past decade. Asia’s share in the Middle East’s exports of mining products reached 58% and approached one half of the region’s total merchandise exports. Asia is also the major market for the region’s chemicals exports. Largely due to the development of a petrochemical industry, chemicals have become the second major product in the Middle East’s exports, accounting for about 6% of the region’s
Table 9 Trade developments in the Middle East, 1990-2000 (Annual percentage change) 1998
1999
2000
1990-95
1995-00
1990-00
Exports (value)
-21.0
28.0
46.5
1.5
12.5
7.0
Imports (value)
-0.5
1.5
13.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
Exports (value)
5
10
15
8
8
8
Imports (value)
-8
2
10
4
5
4
Merchandise
Commercial services
13
Chart 9
Middle East. Merchandise trade by country, 1990-2000 (Countries are ranked in descending order (from left to right) of the sum of merchandise exports and imports in 2000)
Overview
Merchandise trade of Middle Eastern countries, 2000 (Exports plus imports, billion dollars) 120
Per capita merchandise trade of Middle Eastern countries, 2000 (Exports plus imports, dollars) 25000
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates (27000)
Qatar
100
80
20000
United Arab Emirates Israel
Bahrain 15000 Kuwait
60
Israel Iran, Islamic Rep. of
40
10000
Iraq
Saudi Arabia
Kuwait Oman
20
Cyprus
5000 Average
Qatar Cyprus
Iran
Syria Yemen
0
0
Merchandise exports of Middle Eastern countries, 2000 (Percentage change in dollar values) 80
Jordan
Merchandise exports of Middle Eastern countries, 1990-2000 (Average annual percentage change in dollar values) 20
Yemen 70
Iraq
Yemen
Saudi Arabia Iraq Kuwait Oman
60
15
Iran 50
Average Saudi Arabia
Qatar
30
Syria
Israel
Kuwait
Israel
10
40
Qatar Average
Iran Iraq
5
Bahrain
20 10
Lebanon Jordan
Jordan Lebanon
Syria
0
Cyprus
0 Cyprus
-10
-5
Merchandise imports of Middle Eastern countries, 2000 (Percentage change in dollar values) 80
Merchandise imports of Middle Eastern countries, 1990-2000 (Average annual percentage change in dollar values) 20
70 Iraq
60
15
50
United Arab Emirates
Yemen 40
Israel
Kuwait Saudi Arabia
5
Average Oman
10
14
Jordan
Iran
20
0
Israel
Kuwait Qatar Oman Iraq
Qatar Bahrain
30
-10
Lebanon
10
Cyprus
0
Syria Lebanon -5
Saudi Arabia
Average
Bahrain Iran
Yemen
Jordan Cyprus
Table 10 GDP and trade developments in Asia, 1990-2000 (Annual percentage change)
GDP
Japan
Asia (5) a
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
3.2
0.0
2.8
3.4
1.3
-1.1
0.8
1.5
5.2
-8.1
6.5
6.7
Overview
Asia
Merchandise Exports (value)
8.5
-6.0
7.5
18.5
5.0
-8.0
8.0
14.5
11.5
-3.5
10.0
18.5
Imports (value)
7.5
-18.0
10.5
23.5
5.0
-17.0
11.0
22.0
8.5
-31.0
15.0
27.5
Exports (volume)
8.0
3.5
7.0
16.0
3.0
-1.5
2.0
9.5
14.0
14.5
14.5
19.0
Imports (volume)
7.5
-8.5
9.0
15.5
5.5
-5.5
9.5
11.0
8.5
-21.5
10.5
17.5
Commercial services
a
Exports (value)
9
-13
4
12
5
-9
-2
13
10
-22
0
5
Imports (value)
7
-11
6
8
3
-9
3
1
11
-25
4
15
Asia (5) comprises the five countries most affected by the financial crisis in 1997/98: Indonesia, the Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand.
There was a 25% expansion of intra-regional merchandise exports in 2000, which now accounts for nearly one half of Asia’s exports. Although this represents a marked advance compared with the 42% share in 1990, it is still below the previous record level of 52% reached in 1996 before the outbreak of the financial crises. The share of North America and Western Europe in Asia’s exports decreased somewhat in 2000 (to nearly 26% and 17% respectively) but still remained above the 1995 levels (see Table III.72). The major product groups in Asia’s merchandise exports recorded rather divergent rates of expansion in 2000, ranging from nearly 40% for fuels to 8% for automotive products. Product groups that expanded by at least 20% in 2000 include iron and steel, office and telecom equipment, and other machinery and transport equipment. Exports of agricultural products rose by 11%, a strong performance given the weakness of international food prices. Intra-Asian trade in agricultural products was up 14% and accounted for nearly two thirds of the region’s agricultural exports. Office and telecom equipment again showed the highest expansion in value – except fuels – in 2000, bringing its share in Asia’s merchandise exports to a record 27%. It has not only become Asia’s major merchandise export product but also the product for which Asia has the largest share – nearly one half – in world exports (see Table III.71). Asia’s merchandise trade by country showed more variation on the import than on the export side in 2000. Among the Asian economies shown in Chart 10, nine recorded export growth in excess of 25%, while only one (Fiji) recorded a contraction. As for merchandise imports, value increases in excess of 25% were reported for seven economies, while for seven other Asian economies imports either stagnated or declined. In some cases the strong export growth can be traced partly to higher prices for oil (Indonesia, Viet Nam and Brunei Darussalam) and nickel (New Caledonia). Merchandise exports from Japan, the regions largest trader, expanded less rapidly than exports from the rest of Asia not only in 2000 but also throughout the 1990-2000 period. Consequently, its share in Asia’s exports decreased from 36% in 1990 to 26% in 2000. The seven most dynamic Asian traders with annual export and import growth in excess of 10% throughout the 1990-2000 period include Cambodia, China, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines and Viet Nam. However, despite their rapid trade expansion
Cambodia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic and Myanmar still had a very low level of trade per capita (less than 200 dollars) in 2000. The major change in Asia’s trade by country over the last decade is the increased weight of China. In 1990, China was the fourth largest exporter and fifth larger importer in Asia, and its trade was about one fifth that of Japan. In 2000, China has become Asia’s second largest trader, accounting for 15% of Asia’s trade, and its trade was equivalent to roughly one half of Japan’s trade.
6. Developments in the first half of 2001 and outlook for the year as a whole Following the strong growth of world trade in 2000, a marked deceleration in 2001 was widely anticipated, with parts of the world economy already showing signs of weakening in the fourth quarter of 2000 (Chart 11). For the information technology sector, warning signs had appeared even earlier in the year – with the sharp declines in share prices on the major stock exchanges – but it was only in the first half of 2001 that the full impact on investment and production in this sector became fully apparent. Adjustment to higher energy prices and the effects of tighter monetary policies in the industrial countries for most of 2000 were other major factors behind the weaker economic growth in early 2001. While the slowing of the United States economy in 2001 has, for the most part, matched expectations, short-term growth prospects in many other parts of the world economy became more clouded in the first six months of the year. Output growth in Western Europe slowed more than expected in the first half of 2001, while Japan’s economy hovered on the edge of a recession. East Asian economies with a large share of information technology products in their export baskets suffered from the very sharp decline in global demand for these products. In contrast, China’s economy, helped by strong domestic demand, showed few effects of the weaker economies of its neighbours. Latin America’s output growth was revised downwards due to the financial crisis in Argentina and the energy crisis in Brazil. Africa seems to be the only region in 15
Chart 10
Asia. Merchandise trade by country, 1990-2000 (Countries are ranked in descending order (from left to right) of the sum of merchandise exports and imports in 2000)
Overview
Merchandise trade of Asian countries, 2000 (Exports plus imports, billion dollars) 800
Per capita merchandise trade of Asian countries, 2000 (Exports plus imports, dollars) 20000
Singapore (84000)
Japan (859) 18000
700
Hong Kong, China (62000)
16000
Brunei Darussalam
600 14000 500
Chinese Taipei
China
12000
Hong Kong, China 400 300 200 100
Macau, China
10000
Korea, Rep. of Chinese Taipei Singapore Malaysia Australia Thailand Indonesia India Philippines Viet Nam
Malaysia
8000 Japan
Average Australia
6000 4000
Thailand
2000 0
0
Merchandise exports of Asian countries, 2000 (Percentage change in dollar values)
Merchandise exports of Asian countries, 1990-2000 (Average annual percentage change in dollar values) 30
45
New Caledonia (61)
40
25
Brunei Nepal Darussalam
35 30
China
Indonesia
25
Cambodia Viet Nam Philippines
20 Bangladesh Maldives Average
20 15 10
15
0
Malaysia
Thailand
10
Average
-5
Hong Kong, China
-5 Fiji
-15
Korea, DPR
-10
Merchandise imports of Asian countries, 2000 (Percentage change in dollar values)
Mongolia
Merchandise imports of Asian countries, 1990-2000 (Average annual percentage change in dollar values) 30
45
30
Lao People's Dem. Rep.
0
-10
35
Myanmar Bangladesh Nepal
China
5
5
40
New Zealand
Indonesia China
Korea, Rep. of
Myanmar
25
Viet Nam Mongolia
Malaysia
Viet Nam
20 China
25
15
Average
20
Sri Lanka
10
15 10
Cambodia Maldives
Hong Kong, China
Afghanistan
Average
5
5 0
0 -5 -10 -15
16
Japan
New Zealand
Maldives Papua New Guinea Korea, DPR
Fiji (-20)
-5 -10
Korea, DPR (-11)
Afghanistan
Chart 11
Real GDP and trade growth of OECD countries, 1996-2001 (Percentage change on a year-to-year basis)
United States
OECD Countries
15
15
10
10
5
5 0 -5
Overview
20
20
0 Q1 1996
Q1 1997
Q1 1998
Q1 1999
Q1 2000
Q1 2001
Q1 1996
-5
Q1 1997
Q1 1998
Q1 1999
Q1 2000
Q1 2001
Q1 1999
Q1 2000
Q1 2001
-10
-10
European Union Japan
20 20 15 15 10
10
5 0
5 Q1 1996
Q1 1997
Q1 1998
Q1 1999
Q1 2000
Q1 2001
0
-5
-5
-10
-10
GDP
Exports of goods and services
Q1 1996
Q1 1997
Q1 1998
Imports of goods and services
which GDP growth may be higher in 2001 than in 2000; however, it was also the region with the lowest growth in 2000 and its growth continues to be well below the average for developing countries. An important factor behind the sharper-than-expected slowdown in world economic growth is the steep fall in expenditure on information technology products. This sector, which played a key role in the outstanding economic growth in many regions during the second half of the 1990s, is now undergoing severe contractionary pressures. Worldwide sales of personal computers in the second quarter of 2001 were below their level in the corresponding period of 2000, and are expected to remain below last year’s level for the full year 2001 – the first ever such annual decline. In June 2001, the value of global shipments of semi-conductors – also a major item in world trade – was down 30% compared with its level a year earlier.10 Preliminary figures for the first half of 2001 indicate that the deceleration of trade growth this year will be much sharper than previously expected. Factors behind the downward revision include the unexpectedly strong slowdown in demand growth in Western Europe, the stagnation of imports into the United States in the first half of the year, and the repercussions on trade – especially that of East Asia – of the dramatic downturn in production and investment in the information technology industry world wide. With inflation in all major regions at low levels, the appreciation of the US dollar vis-à-vis the currencies of the major traders in Western Europe and in Asia led to a fall in the prices of internationally traded goods. Falling US dollar prices and a slowdown in volume growth, in turn, caused a sharp
deceleration in the growth in the dollar value of world trade. According to preliminary data, the value of world trade increased only 1% in the first half of 2001, after an increase of 12.5% for 2000; it appears that in the second quarter of 2001 the value of world trade fell to a level below that of a year ago. Japan and the Asian developing countries which are major traders in office and telecom equipment reported double-digit percentage declines in the value of their merchandise exports and imports in the second quarter of 2001 (on a year-over-year basis). China’s vigorous trade expansion slowed in the first half of 2001; but with imports still growing at double-digit rates and exports up by 9%, its sizeable trade surplus decreased. The relative strength of China’s trade developments in the first six months of 2001 can be attributed to its strong domestic demand growth, the stability of its currency vis-à-vis the US dollar and a relatively small share of office and telecom products in its merchandise trade. Growth in the value of North America’s trade decelerated further in the first quarter of 2001, and in the second quarter both exports and imports were below their year-earlier levels. Latin America’s trade in the first half, in contrast, expanded by about 5% despite the sharply slower growth in Mexico’s trade. Western Europe’s merchandise exports and imports are estimated to have increased by only 2.5% and 1.5% in value, respectively, during the first half due to lower volume growth and the valuation effect of the depreciation of the euro and other European currencies vis-à-vis the US dollar. Stimulated by
10
Semi-conductor Industry Association, Press Release August 2, 2001.
17
Overview
18
the Russian Federation’s strong 20% import expansion, the transition economies turned in the best trade performance among the major regions during the first half of 2001. On the basis of the latest available data, world merchandise trade is expected to grow in volume terms by only 2% in 2001, instead of the 7% projected earlier in the year. Moreover, there is great uncertainty about trade and growth developments in the
fourth quarter of 2001, particularly in light of the tragic events of 11 September 2001, and thus even the 2% trade growth forecast must be considered tentative. Trade in Western Europe and the transition economies is expected to increase somewhat more than 2%, while that of North America is likely to be below the global average. Projections for Japan foresee a contraction in exports, coupled with a moderate growth in imports.
I. World trade in 2000 - Overview Table I.1
Growth in the volume of world merchandise exports and production by major product group, 1990-00
1990-00
1997
1998
1999
2000
7.0
11.0
5.0
5.0
12.0
Agricultural products
4.5
6.0
0.0
2.5
8.0
Mining products
4.0
9.5
4.0
-1.5
0.5
Manufactures
7.5
12.0
5.0
7.0
14.5
2.5
4.5
2.0
2.5
4.5
Agriculture
2.0
2.5
1.5
2.5
1.0
Mining
1.5
3.5
1.5
-2.0
3.5
Manufacturing
2.5
5.5
2.5
3.5
6.0
2.0
3.5
2.0
3.0
4.0
World merchandise exports
World merchandise production
World GDP
World trade in 2000 - Overview
(Annual percentage change)
Note: World merchandise production differs from world GDP in that it excludes services and construction.
Table I.2
Growth in the volume of world merchandise trade by selected region, 1990-00 (Annual percentage change) Exports 1990-00
Imports
1999
2000
1990-00
1999
2000
7.0
5.0
12.0
World
7.0
6.0
12.0
7.0
6.0
10.0
North America a
8.5
11.5
11.5
9.0
7.0
9.5
10.5
-1.5
11.0
6.5
4.5
10.5
6.5
5.0
10.5
6.0
5.5
10.0
6.0
6.0
9.5
5.5
-2.0
17.0
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
4.0
-9.0
15.5
8.0
7.0
16.0
Asia
7.5
9.0
15.5
3.0
2.0
9.5
10.5
9.0
16.5
Latin America Western Europe European Union (15)
Japan
5.5
9.5
11.0
Six East Asian traders
8.0
11.0
16.5
a Excluding Mexico throughout this report.
19
Table I.3
Growth in the value of world merchandise trade by region, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Exports
World trade in 2000 - Overview
Value
Imports
Annual percentage change
Value
2000
1990-00
1999
2000
6186
6
4
12
Annual percentage change
2000
1990-00
1999
2000
World
6490
6
4
13
1504
9
11
17
388
12
-3
16
2567
4
1
5
1058
7
5
12
North America a
359
9
7
20
Latin America
2441
4
0
3
Western Europe
2251
4
0
2
2362
4
2
5
271
7
0
26
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
European Union (15)
242
5
-12
13
116
8
1
14
Central and Eastern Europe
146
10
-1
13
105
-
1
39
46
-
-32
12
145
3
10
27
Africa
137
4
-3
7
263
7
28
46
Middle East
171
6
1
14
Asia
1649
8
7
18
479
5
8
14
249
15
6
28
649
9
8
19
Russian Fed.
1481
8
10
23
380
5
11
22
China
225
15
18
36
Six East Asian traders
615
8
11
27
Japan
a Excluding Mexico throughout this report. Note: It should be mentioned at the outset that there are breaks in the continuity of the figures at the country and regional levels. These breaks are indicated in Appendix Tables A5 and A6. Explanations of significant breaks are given in the Technical Notes.
Table I.4
Growth in the value of world trade in commercial services by selected region, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Exports Value
Imports
Annual percentage change
2000
1990-00
1999
Value 2000
2000
1435
6
2
6
World
312
8
5
10
North America a
61
7
0
12
Latin America
646
5
0
0
577
5
1
0
31
5
10
1
303
9
4
12
30
18
10
15
68
5
-2
145
10
7
Annual percentage change 1990-00
1999
1435
6
2
6
241
7
4
13
72
8
-5
13
615
5
1
1
571
5
1
1
Africa
39
4
-3
9
Asia
365
7
6
8
China
36
24
17
16
13
Japan
116
3
3
1
11
Six East Asian traders
138
10
8
13
Western Europe European Union (15)
a Excluding Mexico throughout this report. Note: It should be mentioned at the outset that there are numerous breaks in the continuity of the figures at the country and regional levels due to frequent revisions to the trade in services data. See the Technical Notes.
20
2000
Table I.5
Leading exporters and importers in world merchandise trade, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Exporters
Value
Share
United States Germany Japan France United Kingdom Canada China Italy Netherlands Hong Kong, China domestic exports re-exports
781.1 551.5 479.2 298.1 284.1 276.6 249.3 237.8 212.5 202.4 23.7 178.8
12.3 8.7 7.5 4.7 4.5 4.3 3.9 3.7 3.3 3.2 0.4 2.8
11 1 14 -1 6 16 28 1 6 16 6 18
16 17 18 19 20
Belgium Korea, Rep. of Mexico Taipei, Chinese Singapore domestic exports re-exports Spain Russian Fed. Malaysia Sweden Saudi Arabia b
186.1 172.3 166.4 148.3 137.9 78.9 59.1 113.7 105.2 98.2 86.9 84.1
2.9 2.7 2.6 2.3 2.2 1.2 0.9 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.3
4 20 22 22 20 15 28 3 39 16 2 66
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Switzerland Ireland Thailand Austria Australia Indonesia Norway Brazil Denmark Finland
81.5 79.9 69.1 63.9 63.9 62.1 60.0 55.1 49.6 45.6
1.3 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
India United Arab Emirates b Philippines Venezuela Poland Israel Iran, Islamic Rep. of b South Africa Czech Rep. Hungary
42.3 39.9 39.8 31.8 31.7 31.3 30.0 30.0 29.0 28.1
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
Turkey Argentina Portugal Nigeria b Algeria Kuwait Iraq b Chile Ukraine Viet Nam
11 12 13 14 15
Total of above d World d
Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16
Importers United States Germany Japan United Kingdom France Canada Italy China Hong Kong, China retained imports a Netherlands
Value
Share
Annual percentage change
1257.6 502.8 379.5 337.0 305.4 244.8 236.5 225.1 214.2 35.4 198.0
18.9 7.5 5.7 5.1 4.6 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.2 0.5 3.0
19 6 22 5 4 11 7 36 19 24 4
182.6 173.0 160.5 153.5 140.0 134.5 75.6 83.6 82.2 72.8 71.5
2.7 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.0 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1
23 5 34 6 26 21 16 5 27 6 3
17 18 19 20
Mexico Belgium Korea, Rep. of Spain Taipei, Chinese Singapore retained imports Switzerland Malaysia Sweden Australia
2 12 18 -1 14 28 32 15 0 9
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Austria Thailand Brazil Turkey Ireland India Poland Russian Fed. Denmark Portugal
68.6 61.9 58.5 53.5 50.9 50.5 48.9 45.5 44.3 38.2
1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6
-2 23 13 31 8 12 7 12 -1 -4
0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4
16 29 9 58 15 21 52 12 11 12
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Israel Norway Finland Philippines Indonesia Czech Rep. c Hungary United Arab Emirates Saudi Arabia b South Africa
38.1 34.4 33.9 33.8 33.5 32.2 32.1 31.9 30.3 29.7
0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4
15 1 7 4 40 15 15 4 8 11
26.6 26.3 23.3 20.1 19.6 19.5 19.3 18.2 14.6 14.5
0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2
0 13 -5 57 56 60 61 16 26 25
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
Greece b Argentina Chile Venezuela b Viet Nam Iran, Islamic Rep. of b Egypt Ukraine New Zealand Iraq b
26.3 25.1 18.1 16.1 15.6 15.2 14.0 14.0 13.9 13.7
0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
-1 -1 19 14 35 20 -13 18 -3 61
6038.0 6364.0
94.9 100.0
12
6178.0 6669.0
92.6 100.0
13
Total of above d World d
World trade in 2000 - Overview
Rank
Annual percentage change
a Retained imports are defined as imports less re-exports. See the Technical Notes. b Secretariat estimates. c Imports are valued f.o.b. d Includes significant re-exports or imports for re-export. Note: For annual data 1990-00, see Appendix Tables A5 and A6.
21
Table I.6
Leading exporters and importers in world merchandise trade (excluding intra-EU trade), 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage)
Rank
World trade in 2000 - Overview
1 2 3 4 5 6
Exporters
Rank
858.9 781.1 479.2 276.6 249.3 202.4 23.7 178.8 172.3 166.4 148.3 137.9 78.9 59.1
17.3 15.7 9.6 5.6 5.0 4.1 0.5 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.0 2.8 1.6 1.2
7 11 14 16 28 16 6 18 20 22 22 20 15 28
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Russian Fed. Malaysia Saudi Arabia Switzerland Thailand Australia Indonesia Norway Brazil India
105.2 98.2 84.1 81.5 69.1 63.9 62.1 60.0 55.1 42.3
2.1 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 0.9
39 16 66 2 18 14 28 32 15 16
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
United Arab Emirates b Philippines Venezuela Poland Israel Iran, Islamic Rep. of b South Africa Czech Rep. Hungary Turkey
39.9 39.8 31.8 31.7 31.3 30.0 30.0 29.0 28.1 26.6
0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5
29 9 58 15 21 52 12 11 12 0
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Argentina Nigeria b Algeria Kuwait Iraq b Chile Ukraine Viet Nam Libyan Arab Jamahiriya b New Zealand
26.3 20.1 19.6 19.5 19.3 18.2 14.6 14.5 14.2 13.3
0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
Colombia Slovak Rep. Oman Romania Qatar Pakistan Kazakhstan Slovenia Angola Morocco
13.0 11.9 11.3 10.4 9.4 9.2 9.1 8.7 7.9 7.4 4790.0 4972.0
Total of above d World (excl. intra-EU trade) d
22
Share
Extra-EU exports United States Japan Canada China Hong Kong, China domestic exports re-exports Korea, Rep. of Mexico Taipei, Chinese Singapore domestic exports re-exports
7 8 9 10
a b c d
Value
Annual percentage change
Share 23.9 18.3 7.2 4.6 4.3 4.1 0.7 3.5 3.0 2.7 2.6 1.4
19 13 22 11 36 19 24 23 34 26 21 16
Switzerland Malaysia Australia Thailand Brazil Turkey India Poland Russian Fed. Israel
83.6 82.2 71.5 61.9 58.5 53.5 50.5 48.9 45.5 38.1
1.6 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.7
5 27 3 23 13 31 12 7 12 15
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Norway Philippines Indonesia Czech Rep. c Hungary United Arab Emirates Saudi Arabia b South Africa Argentina Chile
34.4 33.8 33.5 32.2 32.1 31.9 30.3 29.7 25.1 18.1
0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.3
1 4 40 15 15 4 8 11 -1 19
13 57 56 60 61 16 26 25 84 7
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Venezuela b Viet Nam Iran, Islamic Rep. of b Egypt Ukraine New Zealand Iraq b Romania Nigeria b Slovak Rep. c
16.1 15.6 15.2 14.0 14.0 13.9 13.7 13.1 12.9 12.7
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2
14 35 20 -13 18 -3 61 26 24 12
0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1
13 16 57 22 30 8 64 1 52 1
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
Colombia Morocco Pakistan Slovenia Dominican Republic b Algeria Peru Tunisia Belarus Bangladesh
11.5 11.5 11.0 10.1 9.8 9.2 8.8 8.6 8.5 8.4
0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
8 16 7 2 22 0 9 1 27 9
96.3 100.0
17
4801.0 5272.0
91.1 100.0
17
7 8 9 10
United States Extra-EU imports Japan Canada China Hong Kong, China retained imports a Mexico Korea, Rep. of Taipei, Chinese Singapore retained imports a
Value 1257.6 965.7 379.5 244.8 225.1 214.2 35.4 182.6 160.5 140.0 134.5 75.6
Retained imports are defined as imports less re-exports. See the Technical Notes. Secretariat estimates. Imports are valued f.o.b. Includes significant re-exports or imports for re-export.
1 2 3 4 5 6
Importers
Annual percentage change
Total of above d World (excl. intra-EU trade) d
Table I.7
Leading exporters and importers in world trade in commercial services, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage)
Exporters
Value
Share
Rank
Importers
Value
Share
Annual percentage change
1
United States
274.6
19.1
10
1
United States
198.9
13.8
2
United Kingdom
99.9
7.0
-3
2
Germany
132.3
9.2
13 0
3
France
81.2
5.7
0
3
Japan
115.7
8.1
1
4
Germany
80.0
5.6
1
4
United Kingdom
82.1
5.7
-1
5
Japan
68.3
4.8
13
5
France
61.5
4.3
-2 -3
6
Italy
56.7
4.0
-6
6
Italy
55.7
3.9
7
Spain
53.0
3.7
0
7
Netherlands
51.1
3.6
2
8
Netherlands
52.3
3.6
-1
8
Canada
41.9
2.9
9
9 10
Hong Kong, China
42.1
2.9
13
9
Belgium-Luxembourg
42.0
2.9
4
10
Belgium-Luxembourg
38.3
2.7
6
China
35.9
2.5
16 25
11
Canada
37.2
2.6
9
11
Korea, Rep. of
33.4
2.3
12
China
30.1
2.1
15
12
Spain
30.8
2.1
2
13
Austria
30.0
2.1
-3
13
Austria
29.1
2.0
-1
14
Korea, Rep. of
29.2
2.0
13
14
Ireland
28.7
2.0
8
15
Singapore
26.6
1.9
13
15
Hong Kong, China
26.2
1.8
3 10
16
Switzerland
26.4
1.8
0
16
Taipei, Chinese
25.7
1.8
17
Denmark
20.6
1.4
22
17
Sweden
23.4
1.6
4
18
Taipei, Chinese
20.2
1.4
18
18
Singapore
21.3
1.5
13
19
Sweden
20.0
1.4
2
19
India
19.9
1.4
16
20
Turkey
19.2
1.3
19
20
United Arab Emirates a
18.8
1.3
… 21
21
Australia
17.8
1.2
5
21
Denmark
18.3
1.3
22
India
17.6
1.2
26
22
Australia
17.7
1.2
-1
23
Ireland
16.6
1.2
8
23
Russian Fed.
17.4
1.2
30
24
Norway
15.0
1.0
8
24
Mexico
16.8
1.2
19
25
Israel
14.3
1.0
32
25
Malaysia
16.6
1.2
13
26
Malaysia
13.6
0.9
15
26
Brazil
15.9
1.1
19
27
Mexico
13.6
0.9
17
27
Switzerland
15.5
1.1
-1
28
Thailand
12.8
0.9
-12
28
Thailand
14.7
1.0
9
29
Greece a
10.2
0.7
…
29
Norway
14.5
1.0
-1
30
Egypt
9.7
0.7
4
30
Indonesia a
14.3
1.0
…
31
Russian Fed.
9.6
0.7
6
31
Israel
12.1
0.8
16
32
Poland
9.5
0.7
13
32
Saudi Arabia
10.9
0.8
16
33
Brazil
8.8
0.6
29
33
Argentina
8.6
0.6
3
34
Portugal
8.3
0.6
-3
34
Finland
8.2
0.6
5
35
Czech Rep.
7.1
0.5
5
35
Turkey
7.6
0.5
-10
36
Hungary
6.2
0.4
11
36
Poland
7.4
0.5
7
37
Finland
6.0
0.4
-7
37
Egypt
7.2
0.5
20
38
South Africa
4.9
0.3
1
38
Portugal
6.4
0.4
-4
39
Indonesia a
4.8
0.3
…
39
Philippines
6.1
0.4
-19
40
Saudi Arabia
4.8
0.3
-11
40
Czech Rep.
5.8
0.4
0
1320.0 1435.0
92.0 100.0
6
1315.0 1435.0
91.3 100.0
6
Total of above World
Total of above World
World trade in 2000 - Overview
Rank
Annual percentage change
a Secretariat estimate. Note: Figures for a number of countries and territories have been estimated by the Secretariat. Annual percentage changes and rankings are affected by continuity breaks in the series for a large number of economies, and by limitations in cross-country comparability. See the Technical Notes. For annual data 1999-00, see Appendix Tables A7 and A8.
23
Table I.8
Share of goods and commercial services in the total trade of selected regions and economies, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage, based on balance of payments data) Exports
Imports
Value
Share
World trade in 2000 - Overview
Total
World North America Canada United States Latin America Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Mexico Venezuela Western Europe Austria Belgium-Luxembourg Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom Africa Egypt Morocco Nigeria South Africa Tunisia Asia Australia China Hong Kong, China a India Indonesia Japan Korea, Rep. of Malaysia New Zealand Philippines Singapore a Taipei, Chinese Thailand
Goods
Value
Commercial services
Share
Total
Goods
Commercial services
7730
81.4
18.6
7720
81.4
18.6
1369 318 1050
77.2 88.3 73.9
22.8 11.7 26.1
1708 286 1422
85.9 85.4 86.0
14.1 14.6 14.0
435 31 64 22 16 180 35
86.0 85.6 86.2 82.5 87.5 92.5 97.1
14.0 14.4 13.8 17.5 12.5 7.5 2.9
450 32 72 21 14 191 20
84.1 73.6 77.9 79.4 77.4 91.2 78.8
15.9 26.4 22.1 20.6 22.6 8.8 21.2
3055 95 204 71 52 377 630 16 90 295 258 75 33 168 107 121 50 383
78.8 68.3 79.5 71.1 88.4 78.5 87.3 35.1 81.5 80.8 79.8 80.0 74.9 68.5 81.4 78.2 61.9 73.9
21.2 31.7 20.5 28.9 11.6 21.5 12.7 64.9 18.5 19.2 20.2 20.0 25.1 31.5 18.6 21.8 38.1 26.1
2985 97 195 62 40 356 626 27 77 284 238 49 45 179 96 111 61 409
79.4 69.8 80.4 70.3 79.6 82.7 78.9 81.2 62.6 80.4 78.5 70.5 85.8 82.7 75.6 86.1 87.6 79.9
20.6 30.2 19.6 29.7 20.4 17.3 21.1 18.8 37.4 19.6 21.5 29.5 14.2 17.3 24.4 13.9 12.4 20.1
165 17 12 15 36 8
81.5 42.2 75.4 93.8 86.4 69.3
18.5 57.8 24.6 6.2 13.6 30.7
166 23 14 13 33 9
76.8 68.2 87.2 71.1 83.3 88.4
23.2 31.8 12.8 28.9 16.7 11.6
2112 82 279 245 61 67 528 205 112 18 41 166 168 81
85.7 78.3 89.2 82.8 71.4 92.8 87.1 85.8 87.9 76.1 90.0 83.9 87.9 84.1
14.3 21.7 10.8 17.2 28.6 7.2 12.9 14.2 12.1 23.9 10.0 16.1 12.1 15.9
1949 86 251 237 75 52 458 193 94 17 36 149 159 71
81.3 79.6 85.7 89.0 73.4 72.3 74.8 82.7 82.4 74.3 83.4 85.7 83.9 79.2
18.7 20.4 14.3 11.0 26.6 27.7 25.2 17.3 17.6 25.7 16.6 14.3 16.1 20.8
2780
79.2
20.8
2730
79.1
20.9
Memorandum item: European Union (15)
a Trade in goods includes significant re-exports or imports for re-exports. Note: Trade in goods is derived from balance of payments statistics and does not correspond to the merchandise trade statistics given elsewhere in this report. It is likely that for most economies trade in commercial services is understated. See the Technical Notes.
24
Table I.9
Merchandise trade of selected regional integration arrangements, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Share in total exports/imports
Value
Annual percentage change
2000
1990
1995
2000
1990-00
1999
2000
2931 2127 804 3171 2159 1013
100.0 67.5 32.5 100.0 65.4 34.6
100.0 73.1 26.9 100.0 71.7 28.3
100.0 72.6 27.4 100.0 68.1 31.9
8 9 6 8 9 8
7 9 1 10 11 8
17 20 10 21 15 36
2251 1392 859 2362 1396 966
100.0 64.9 35.1 100.0 63.0 37.0
100.0 63.1 36.9 100.0 63.8 36.2
100.0 61.8 38.2 100.0 59.1 40.9
4 4 5 4 4 5
0 1 -1 2 1 3
2 0 7 5 0 13
1224 686 539 1672 674 998
100.0 42.6 57.4 100.0 34.4 65.6
100.0 46.1 53.9 100.0 37.7 62.3
100.0 56.0 44.0 100.0 40.3 59.7
8 11 5 10 11 8
6 12 0 11 12 11
14 18 9 18 18 18
427 101 326 367 90 277
100.0 20.1 79.9 100.0 16.2 83.8
100.0 25.5 74.5 100.0 18.9 81.1
100.0 23.7 76.3 100.0 24.5 75.5
11 13 11 8 13 7
9 10 9 8 9 7
19 28 17 23 31 20
117 13 103 149 14 135
-
100.0 14.6 85.4 100.0 11.3 88.7
100.0 11.5 88.5 100.0 9.5 90.5
-
1 -7 2 -2 -4 -1
12 9 12 12 12 12
Total exports Intra-exports Extra-exports Total imports a Intra-imports Extra-imports
EU (15) Total exports Intra-exports Extra-exports Total imports Intra-imports Extra-imports
I I I I
World trade in 2000 - Overview
APEC (21)
NAFTA (3) Total exports Intra-exports Extra-exports Total imports b Intra-imports Extra-imports
ASEAN (10) Total exports Intra-exports Extra-exports Total imports Intra-imports Extra-imports
CEFTA (6) Total exports Intra-exports Extra-exports Total imports Intra-imports Extra-imports
MERCOSUR (4) Total exports Intra-exports Extra-exports Total imports Intra-imports Extra-imports
85 18 67 89 18 71
100.0 8.9 91.1 100.0 14.5 85.5
100.0 20.5 79.5 100.0 18.1 81.9
100.0 20.9 79.1 100.0 20.1 79.9
6 16 5 12 16 11
-9 -26 -3 -16 -25 -14
14 17 13 8 14 7
58 5 53 40 6 34
100.0 4.3 95.7 100.0 7.7 92.3
100.0 12.2 87.8 100.0 12.9 87.1
100.0 8.8 91.2 100.0 13.9 86.1
6 14 6 8 15 8
11 -28 17 -20 -20 -20
33 32 34 11 32 8
ANDEAN (5) Total exports Intra-exports Extra-exports Total imports c Intra-imports Extra-imports
a Imports of Canada, Mexico, Peru, and Australia are valued f.o.b. b Imports of Canada and Mexico are valued f.o.b. c Imports of Peru and Venezuela are valued f.o.b. Note: The figures are not fully adjusted for differences in the way members of the arrangements in this table record their merchandise trade.
25
II. Selected long-term trends Chart II.1
World merchandise trade and output by major product group, 1950-00 (Average annual percentage change in volume terms) Trade
Output
All merchandise 12 10 8 6 4 2
1950-63
1963-73
1973-90
1990-00
1973-90
1990-00
Agricultural products 12 10
Selected long-term trends
0
8 6 4 2 0 1950-63
1963-73
Mining products (including petroleum) 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1950-63
1963-73
1973-90
1990-00
1973-90
1990-00
Manufactures 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1950-63
1963-73
27
Chart II.2
World merchandise trade by major product group, 1950-00
Log. scale
Volume indices, 1950 = 100
10000
Selected long-term trends
Manufactures
1000
Mining products
Agricultural products
100 1950
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
Average Annual Change 12 Agricultural products
10
Mining products Manufactures
8
6
4
2
0 1950-73
28
1973-90
1990-00
2000
Table II.1
World merchandise exports, production and gross domestic product, 1950-00 (Index, 1990=100) Volume
Exports
Total a
Agricultural products
Exports
Mining products Manufactures
Total a
Agricultural products
World GDP
Production
Mining products Manufactures
Total
Agriculture
Mining Manufacturing
1950
2
7
2
1
9
26
18
5
18
37
29
13
19
1951
2
9
2
1
9
27
18
6
20
37
32
14
21
1952
2
7
3
1
10
27
22
6
21
38
32
15
21
1953
2
7
3
1
11
27
23
6
22
40
33
16
23 23
1954
3
8
3
2
11
27
25
7
22
40
33
16
1955
3
8
3
2
13
30
27
7
24
42
37
19
25
1956
3
8
4
2
13
31
29
8
25
44
39
20
26
1957
3
9
4
2
15
34
31
9
26
44
40
20
27
1958
3
8
4
2
14
35
29
9
26
47
39
20
27
1959
3
9
4
2
16
39
32
10
28
48
41
22
28
1960
4
10
4
3
18
41
39
11
30
49
45
24
30
1961
4
10
5
3
19
44
40
11
31
50
48
26
31
1962
4
10
5
3
20
44
42
12
34
52
51
28
33
1963
5
11
5
3
22
45
44
14
36
53
53
29
35
1964
5
11
6
4
25
48
48
16
39
55
57
32
37
1965
6
12
6
4
26
50
49
17
41
55
60
35
39
1966
6
12
7
5
29
52
52
19
44
57
63
38
41
1967
6
12
7
5
30
53
58
20
46
59
64
40
43
1968
7
13
8
6
33
56
65
23
49
61
69
43
45
1969
8
14
9
7
37
59
69
27
51
61
70
47
48
1970
9
15
10
8
41
61
77
29
54
63
76
49
50
1971
10
16
12
9
44
62
78
32
57
65
79
51
53
1972
12
20
13
11
47
66
83
35
59
65
81
55
56
1973
17
29
19
14
53
67
92
40
64
68
86
60
60
1974
25
35
44
19
56
64
90
43
66
69
88
62
61
1975
26
36
42
21
52
65
79
42
65
72
82
60
61
1976
29
40
49
23
58
70
85
47
69
73
89
65
65
1977
33
45
54
27
60
72
87
49
72
74
92
68
68
1978
39
51
56
32
63
77
92
52
75
77
93
71
70
1979
48
63
81
39
66
80
97
55
78
78
101
74
73
1980
59
71
115
45
68
86
91
58
78
78
99
75
73
1981
58
70
112
45
68
90
82
60
78
81
91
75
75
1982
54
65
100
43
66
88
77
59
77
84
85
74
76
1983
53
64
92
43
68
89
77
62
78
84
84
76
78
1984
57
67
91
47
73
91
80
69
83
88
87
81
82
1985
56
63
88
49
75
90
79
72
86
90
86
84
84
1986
62
70
67
59
78
89
86
75
88
92
89
87
87
1987
72
81
74
70
83
94
88
80
91
93
90
91
90
1988
82
92
75
82
89
96
93
87
95
94
95
96
94
1989
89
96
87
87
95
99
97
94
99
98
99
99
97
1990
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
1991
102
101
94
103
104
103
103
104
100
100
100
99
101
1992
108
108
93
112
109
109
107
109
100
103
100
99
102
1993
107
104
88
111
113
111
108
112
100
103
102
99
103
1994
121
119
91
128
124
120
114
126
103
106
104
102
105
1995
145
139
108
152
136
126
125
137
107
108
106
107
107
1996
152
143
127
159
143
131
132
146
111
113
109
110
110
1997
157
142
130
167
158
139
144
163
116
116
112
116
114
1998
155
136
104
170
166
139
151
172
118
117
114
119
117
1999
161
132
119
176
175
143
148
184
121
120
112
123
120
2000
181
135
169
194
196
154
149
210
127
122
116
130
125
Selected long-term trends
Value
a Includes unspecified products. Note: World merchandise production differs from world GDP in that it excludes services and construction. For sources and methods, see the Technical Notes.
29
Table II.2
World merchandise trade by region and selected economy, 1948, 1953, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993 and 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) 1948
1953
1963
1973
1983
1993
2000
1835.0
3641.0
6186.0
Exports Value
World
58.0
84.0
157.0
579.0 Share
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
North America
World
27.3
24.2
19.3
16.9
15.4
16.8
17.1
Latin America
12.3
10.5
7.0
4.7
5.8
4.4
5.8
Mexico
1.0
0.7
0.6
0.4
1.4
1.4
2.7
Brazil
2.0
1.8
0.9
1.1
1.2
1.1
0.9
Argentina
2.8
1.3
0.9
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.4
31.5
34.9
41.4
45.4
38.9
43.7
39.5
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS a
6.0
8.1
11.0
9.1
9.5
2.9
4.4
Africa
7.3
6.5
5.7
4.8
4.4
2.5
2.3
2.0
1.7
1.5
1.0
1.0
0.7
0.5
2.0
2.7
3.2
4.1
6.8
3.4
4.2
13.6
13.1
12.4
14.9
19.1
26.3
26.7
Japan
0.4
1.5
3.5
6.4
8.0
10.0
7.7
China
0.9
1.2
1.3
1.0
1.2
2.5
4.0
India
2.2
1.3
1.0
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.7
Australia and New Zealand
3.7
3.2
2.4
2.1
1.4
1.5
1.2
Six East Asian traders
3.0
2.7
2.4
3.4
5.8
9.7
10.5
60.4
68.7
72.8
81.8
76.0
86.9
90.7
1881.0
3752.0
6490.0
Selected long-term trends
Western Europe
South Africa b Middle East Asia
Memorandum item: GATT/WTO Members c
Imports Value
World
66.0
84.0
163.0
589.0
World
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
North America
19.8
19.7
15.5
16.7
17.8
19.8
23.2
Latin America
10.6
9.3
6.8
5.1
4.5
5.2
6.0
Mexico
0.8
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.7
1.8
2.8
Brazil
1.7
1.6
0.9
1.2
0.9
0.7
0.9
Argentina
2.4
0.9
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.4
0.4
40.4
39.4
45.4
47.4
40.0
42.9
39.6
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS a
5.8
7.6
10.3
8.9
8.4
2.9
3.7
Africa
7.6
7.0
5.5
4.0
4.6
2.6
2.1
2.2
1.5
1.1
0.9
0.8
0.5
0.5
1.7
2.0
2.3
2.8
6.3
3.2
2.6
14.2
15.1
14.2
15.1
18.5
23.4
22.8
Japan
1.0
2.9
4.1
6.5
6.7
6.4
5.8
China
1.1
1.7
0.9
0.9
1.1
2.8
3.5
India
3.1
1.4
1.5
0.5
0.7
0.6
0.8
Australia and New Zealand
2.6
2.4
2.3
1.6
1.4
1.5
1.3
Six East Asian traders
3.0
3.4
3.1
3.7
6.1
9.9
9.5
52.9
66.0
74.2
89.1
83.9
91.0
92.0
Share
Western Europe
South Africa b Middle East Asia
Memorandum item: GATT/WTO Members c
a Figures are significantly affected by: (i) changes in the country composition of the region and major adjustment in trade conversion factors between 1983 and 1993; and (ii) the inclusion of the Baltic States and the CIS mutual trade between 1993 and 2000. b Beginning with 1998, figures refer to South Africa only and no longer to the Southern African Customs Union. c Membership as of the year stated. Note: Between 1973 and 1983 and between 1993 and 2000 export and import shares were significantly influenced by oil price developments.
30
Table II.3
Merchandise trade of North America by region and by product, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993 and 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Exports 1963
1973
Imports a
1983
1993
2000
1963
1973
1983
1993
2000
23.2
93.6
335.3
743.4
1503.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Value World
30.5
99.4
282.6
610.3
1058.1
World
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Intra-North America
25.4
33.5
34.2
35.6
39.7
34.3
36.6
28.8
27.1
26.2
Inter-regional trade
64.0
62.4
62.2
64.2
60.3
65.7
63.4
69.9
71.3
73.8
Latin America
12.3
10.6
9.9
13.3
16.5
19.4
11.4
13.9
11.1
15.3
Mexico
2.7
3.1
3.3
6.9
10.7
2.5
2.6
5.3
5.9
9.9
Other Latin America
9.6
7.6
6.6
6.3
5.8
17.0
8.8
8.5
5.3
5.4
Western Europe
27.6
24.8
21.6
20.2
18.5
24.3
23.9
18.6
18.0
18.5
European Union (15)
24.6
22.8
19.7
18.0
16.8
22.0
22.1
17.0
16.4
16.8
Other Western Europe
3.0
2.1
1.9
2.2
1.6
2.3
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.7
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
1.1
2.2
1.6
1.1
0.6
0.4
0.7
0.5
0.6
1.2
C./E. Europe
0.6
0.7
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.4
Russian Fed.
-
-
-
0.5
0.2
-
-
-
0.3
0.6
Africa
3.5
2.5
3.1
1.7
1.1
3.8
3.6
4.7
2.3
2.0
South Africa
1.1
0.8
0.8
0.4
0.3
1.2
0.5
0.7
0.3
0.3
Other Africa
2.4
1.7
2.3
1.3
0.8
2.6
3.1
4.0
2.0
1.7
1.9
2.4
4.5
2.9
1.9
1.8
2.1
2.4
2.3
2.8
Middle East Asia
17.6
19.9
21.5
25.0
21.7
15.9
21.7
29.8
37.1
33.7
Japan
6.6
10.1
8.9
8.9
6.7
7.0
11.4
14.1
16.0
10.8
China
0.3
1.0
1.2
1.6
1.8
0.0
0.1
0.8
4.9
7.4
Six East Asian traders
2.4
4.3
7.1
10.8
10.0
2.4
6.1
10.5
12.6
11.3
Other Asia
8.3
4.5
4.2
3.7
3.2
6.5
4.0
4.5
3.7
4.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
29.0
27.6
21.3
14.1
10.0
29.2
16.6
10.1
7.4
5.5
20.9
20.5
15.8
9.6
6.8
20.6
12.5
7.6
5.5
4.1
8.1
7.0
5.5
4.5
3.2
8.6
4.1
2.4
1.9
1.4
12.2
10.9
11.5
7.1
7.2
20.4
16.3
23.4
11.1
12.4
Ores and other minerals
4.4
4.0
2.5
1.3
0.9
5.4
2.2
1.5
0.9
0.6
Fuels
4.2
4.2
7.1
4.1
4.7
10.7
11.0
19.4
8.8
10.2
Non-ferrous metals
3.6
2.8
1.9
1.7
1.6
4.3
3.0
2.5
1.4
1.7
Manufactures
53.2
57.8
62.9
72.8
78.0
47.4
64.9
63.6
78.0
78.1
Iron and steel
2.3
1.8
1.1
1.0
0.9
3.7
3.9
2.5
1.8
1.6
Chemicals
7.2
6.6
8.5
8.7
9.2
4.1
3.9
4.6
5.5
6.4
Other semi-manufactures
7.2
6.1
5.8
6.3
6.8
10.4
8.3
6.7
6.9
6.7
29.1
37.1
40.1
46.2
49.6
17.4
36.1
36.3
45.2
46.5 1.5
Total merchandise Agricultural products Food Raw materials
Mining products
Machinery and transport equipment Power generating machinery
0.5
0.4
2.2
2.3
2.3
0.1
0.2
0.8
1.4
Other non-electrical machinery
11.4
8.9
7.7
7.8
8.1
6.1
6.2
5.2
6.4
6.0
Office and telecom equipment
3.5
5.1
8.7
12.0
16.4
2.5
6.1
8.8
14.5
16.6
Electrical machinery and apparatus
2.9
3.1
2.6
3.9
4.7
1.6
2.6
2.6
4.3
4.7
Automotive products
6.0
13.4
11.9
13.2
12.1
5.6
18.2
16.4
16.1
14.6
Other transport equipment
4.9
6.2
6.9
7.0
5.9
1.6
2.9
2.5
2.5
3.0
Textiles
1.7
1.4
1.0
1.1
1.2
4.1
2.5
1.4
1.6
1.3
Clothing
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.9
1.0
1.9
2.7
3.5
5.2
4.7
Other consumer goods
5.3
4.3
6.1
8.5
9.3
5.9
7.5
8.6
11.8
10.9
Selected long-term trends
Share
a Imports of Canada are valued f.o.b.
31
Table II.4
Merchandise trade of Western Europe by region and by product, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993 and 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Exports 1963
1973
Imports
1983
1993
2000
1963
1973
1983
1993
2000
73.4
277.4
752.3
1608.0
2566.9
Value World
63.7
258.9
714.8
1591.1
2441.3 Share
World
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Intra-Western Europe
64.1
69.2
65.2
68.6
67.7
56.1
64.3
61.8
68.2
64.6
European Union (15)
56.3
61.8
59.2
62.5
61.9
51.8
59.8
56.2
62.6
59.5
Other Western Europe
7.8
7.4
6.0
6.1
5.8
4.3
4.5
5.6
5.6
5.1
35.2
29.7
33.5
29.6
31.3
43.8
34.7
37.6
31.1
34.3
North America
8.8
8.6
8.4
8.0
10.8
13.9
9.6
8.9
8.2
8.9
Latin America
4.5
3.3
2.2
2.4
2.2
6.2
3.6
3.5
2.0
1.9
Selected long-term trends
Inter-regional trade
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
4.0
4.5
4.3
3.9
5.3
4.2
3.9
5.4
3.7
5.6
C./E. Europe
2.4
3.0
1.7
2.4
3.9
2.4
2.5
1.9
1.8
3.3
Russian Fed.
-
-
-
1.1
0.8
-
-
-
1.5
1.6
Africa North Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
5.2
6.1
3.1
2.4
7.6
5.7
6.6
3.2
3.0
1.8
3.1
1.5
1.2
2.5
2.0
3.4
1.6
1.5
5.2
3.4
3.0
1.6
1.2
5.1
3.7
3.2
1.6
1.5
South Africa
1.6
1.1
0.8
0.5
0.5
1.0
0.7
0.7
0.5
0.6
Other Sub-Saharan Africa
3.6
2.3
2.2
1.1
0.7
4.1
3.0
2.5
1.1
0.9
2.5
2.7
6.7
3.3
2.4
4.9
5.6
5.6
2.1
1.9 12.9
Middle East Asia
7.6
5.3
5.8
8.9
8.2
7.0
6.3
7.5
12.0
Japan
1.0
1.4
1.2
2.0
1.9
0.9
2.2
3.3
4.5
3.6
China
0.3
0.4
0.4
1.0
1.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
1.5
2.6
Australia and New Zealand
2.2
1.1
0.8
0.7
0.7
2.5
1.2
0.6
0.5
0.4
Six East Asian traders
1.5
1.3
1.8
3.8
3.0
1.2
1.5
2.3
4.0
4.4
Other Asia
2.7
1.1
1.5
1.5
1.4
2.2
1.0
1.0
1.5
1.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
18.3
15.5
13.0
11.9
9.4
32.8
22.7
15.5
13.1
10.1
12.4
11.7
10.5
10.2
8.0
22.1
16.4
11.8
10.7
8.1
5.8
3.8
2.5
1.7
1.4
10.6
6.3
3.7
2.4
2.0
8.5
7.6
13.0
6.6
7.1
18.6
17.7
26.3
10.8
11.1
Total merchandise Agricultural products Food Raw materials
Mining products Ores and other minerals
1.7
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
3.5
2.9
2.2
1.4
1.2
Fuels
4.3
3.6
9.6
4.2
4.6
11.5
11.2
21.7
7.5
7.8
Non-ferrous metals
2.5
2.8
2.4
1.7
1.8
3.6
3.6
2.4
1.9
2.1
71.8
75.8
71.7
77.8
80.3
46.6
58.9
56.0
72.5
75.7
Manufactures Iron and steel
6.8
6.4
4.4
3.3
2.7
4.7
4.8
2.9
2.6
2.5
Chemicals
8.6
10.2
11.7
12.4
13.1
6.0
7.9
9.0
10.1
10.5
Other semi-manufactures Machinery and transport equipment Power generating machinery Other non-electrical machinery
9.3
10.1
9.6
9.5
9.0
6.4
8.5
7.3
8.6
8.1
32.8
34.0
31.7
36.5
41.1
19.8
24.7
23.9
33.6
39.3
0.5
0.4
1.4
1.6
1.8
0.2
0.3
1.0
1.3
1.6
12.1
11.6
9.8
10.2
9.3
7.6
7.6
5.6
6.6
6.9 13.1
Office and telecom equipment
3.2
4.0
4.3
6.4
10.6
2.4
4.0
5.4
9.1
Electrical machinery and apparatus
4.1
4.5
3.5
4.3
4.5
2.7
3.5
2.6
4.0
4.5
Automotive products
8.6
9.5
8.8
10.0
11.1
4.4
6.3
6.5
9.0
9.8
Other transport equipment Textiles
32
7.7 2.5
4.3
4.0
3.9
3.9
3.8
2.4
3.0
2.7
3.6
3.4
6.1
5.1
3.5
3.1
2.4
4.3
4.2
3.0
2.9
2.1
Clothing
1.9
2.4
2.3
2.9
2.3
1.4
2.6
2.7
4.4
3.6
Other consumer goods
6.4
7.6
8.5
10.0
9.5
4.0
6.1
7.1
10.3
9.6
Table II.5
Merchandise trade of Japan by region and by product, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993 and 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Exports 1963
1973
Imports
1983
1993
2000
1963
1973
1983
1993
2000
6.7
38.3
126.4
241.6
379.5
Value World
5.5
36.9
147.0
362.2
479.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
North America
World
30.2
28.7
32.0
31.1
31.6
35.6
29.5
23.1
26.5
21.4
Latin America
5.8
5.8
4.0
4.4
4.0
8.4
5.1
5.0
3.3
2.8
Western Europe
13.3
17.9
15.8
18.1
17.4
10.0
10.6
8.8
15.3
13.6
European Union (15)
11.6
15.2
14.5
16.6
16.4
8.9
9.3
7.4
13.6
12.3
Other Western Europe
1.7
2.7
1.4
1.4
1.0
1.1
1.3
1.4
1.7
1.3
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
3.3
2.2
2.4
0.6
0.5
2.7
3.2
1.4
1.4
1.5
C./E. Europe
0.4
0.9
0.5
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
Russian Fed.
-
-
-
0.4
0.1
-
-
-
1.1
1.2
Africa
6.3
4.1
3.6
2.0
1.0
3.9
4.5
2.6
1.6
1.3
South Africa
1.5
1.6
1.2
0.6
0.4
1.9
1.5
1.3
0.8
0.8
Other Africa
4.8
2.4
2.4
1.5
0.6
2.0
3.1
1.3
0.8
0.5
3.2
4.1
10.7
3.4
2.1
11.2
12.5
26.5
11.3
13.0
34.9
31.6
31.0
40.0
43.3
28.2
34.5
32.6
40.3
46.4
1.1
2.8
3.3
4.7
6.3
1.1
2.5
4.0
8.5
14.5
15.8
18.0
17.8
28.2
29.7
8.4
9.8
9.7
17.0
18.8
3.7
3.9
3.6
2.5
2.1
8.4
10.2
6.0
5.8
4.5
14.2
6.9
6.3
4.6
5.2
10.3
12.0
12.9
9.1
8.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
8.8
4.1
1.8
1.0
0.9
44.5
36.0
20.7
24.6
16.4
Food
5.9
2.4
1.0
0.6
0.5
20.8
18.9
13.6
17.3
12.8
Raw materials
3.0
1.7
0.7
0.5
0.5
23.7
17.1
7.2
7.2
3.6
1.2
1.2
1.5
1.4
1.6
32.9
37.7
55.9
26.8
25.9
Ores and other minerals
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
13.0
11.6
5.9
3.6
2.7
Fuels
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.3
18.0
21.8
46.7
20.4
20.4
Non-ferrous metals
0.8
0.8
1.0
0.7
1.0
1.9
4.4
3.2
2.7
2.8
Manufactures
90.0
93.7
95.7
95.5
93.8
22.6
25.8
21.4
46.2
56.0
Iron and steel
12.9
14.4
8.7
4.0
3.1
1.3
0.6
1.1
1.7
1.0
5.8
5.8
4.7
5.6
7.3
5.5
4.9
5.6
7.3
6.9
Other semi-manufactures
11.7
7.0
6.3
4.4
4.2
1.2
3.9
2.1
4.9
4.0
Machinery and transport equipment
28.4
51.7
63.8
71.8
68.8
12.0
8.3
7.0
16.9
27.9
Power generating machinery
0.2
0.5
1.3
1.3
1.3
0.9
0.3
0.6
0.8
1.2
Other non-electrical machinery
5.6
8.1
10.3
12.4
12.7
5.4
2.8
1.6
2.7
2.9
Office and telecom equipment
6.8
12.7
18.4
23.3
22.6
2.1
2.1
1.9
6.8
16.0
Electrical machinery and apparatus
3.7
4.3
5.1
6.4
8.3
1.3
1.3
0.9
2.1
3.9
Automotive products
3.4
12.0
20.9
22.1
18.4
0.5
0.6
0.5
2.7
2.6
Other transport equipment
8.7
14.1
7.7
6.2
5.5
1.9
1.2
1.6
1.8
1.3
Textiles
16.8
6.6
3.6
1.9
1.5
0.6
3.0
1.2
1.6
1.3
Clothing
3.9
1.0
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.1
1.5
1.2
5.2
5.2
10.5
7.1
8.1
7.7
8.9
1.8
3.7
3.3
8.5
9.7
Middle East Asia China a Six East Asian traders Australia and New Zealand Other Asia
Total merchandise Agricultural products
Mining products
Chemicals
Other consumer goods
Selected long-term trends
Share
a Excludes significant shipments recorded as exports to Hong Kong, China with China as final destination.
33
Table II.6
Merchandise exports of selected regions and economies to the least-developed countries, 1980, 1990, 1999 and 2000 (Million dollars and percentage) Share in exports to LDCs
Value
Share in total exports
1980
1990
1999
2000
1980
1990
2000
1980
1990
2000
2147
2142
2788
2550
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.7
0.4
0.2
919
804
930
944
42.8
37.5
37.0
1.4
1.0
0.9
North America Total merchandise Agricultural products Mining products Manufactures
76
36
28
45
3.5
1.7
1.8
0.2
0.1
0.1
1120
1161
1667
1402
52.2
54.2
55.0
0.6
0.3
0.2
10544
11322
9996
9295
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.3
0.7
0.4
1754
2217
2387
2034
16.6
19.6
21.9
1.7
1.2
0.9
Western Europe Total merchandise Agricultural products Mining products
Selected long-term trends
Manufactures
510
331
333
491
4.8
2.9
5.3
0.5
0.3
0.3
8150
8624
7044
6596
77.3
76.2
71.0
1.4
0.7
0.3
281
403
422
447
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.0
0.8
0.6
178
221
205
222
63.4
54.8
49.6
1.3
1.3
0.9
3
45
38
41
1.2
11.2
9.2
0.0
0.3
0.2
93
97
156
158
33.1
24.1
35.3
2.1
1.1
0.8
Australia and New Zealand Total merchandise Agricultural products Mining products Manufactures
China Total merchandise
465
725
2568
3283
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.6
1.2
1.3
Agricultural products
…
149
169
183
…
20.6
5.6
…
1.5
1.1
Mining products
…
21
35
54
…
2.9
1.6
…
0.3
0.4
Manufactures
…
554
2340
3028
…
76.5
92.2
…
1.2
1.4
1793
1744
1536
1491
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.4
0.6
0.3
153
35
32
43
8.5
2.0
2.9
5.2
1.1
1.0
Japan Total merchandise Agricultural products Mining products
25
5
17
12
1.4
0.3
0.8
1.0
0.1
0.2
1602
1697
1463
1403
89.3
97.3
94.1
1.3
0.6
0.3
1390
2912
6912
7810
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.5
1.1
1.2
Agricultural products
333
690
1134
1252
24.0
23.7
16.0
2.0
2.6
3.6
Mining products
179
534
1074
1353
12.9
18.3
17.3
1.5
2.7
3.4
Manufactures
877
1665
4668
5174
63.1
57.2
66.2
1.5
0.8
0.9
Manufactures
Six East Asian traders Total merchandise
Total of above Total merchandise
34
16621
19248
24222
24876
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.2
0.7
0.5
Agricultural products
…
4116
4857
4678
…
21.4
18.8
…
1.3
1.1
Mining products
…
972
1525
1995
…
5.1
8.0
…
0.5
0.6
Manufactures
…
13799
17338
17761
…
71.7
71.4
…
0.6
0.4
Table II.7
Merchandise imports of selected regions and economies from the least-developed countries, 1980, 1990, 1999 and 2000 (Million dollars and percentage) Share in imports from LDCs
Value
Share in total imports
1980
1990
1999
2000
1980
1990
2000
1980
1990
2000
2635
4818
7220
9365
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.8
0.8
0.6
North America Total merchandise Agricultural products
874
401
489
499
33.2
8.3
5.3
2.6
0.8
0.6
1321
3153
3002
4283
50.1
65.4
45.7
1.2
3.3
2.3
427
1183
3699
4530
16.2
24.6
48.4
0.3
0.2
0.4
8825
11504
10117
11979
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.0
0.7
0.5
Agricultural products
3264
2946
2773
2840
37.0
25.6
23.7
2.3
1.3
1.1
Mining products
3282
4721
1323
2173
37.2
41.0
18.1
1.3
2.1
0.8
Manufactures
1567
3660
5925
6890
17.8
31.8
57.5
0.3
0.3
0.4
Mining products Manufactures
Total merchandise
Australia and New Zealand Total merchandise
92
86
174
163
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.3
0.2
0.2
Agricultural products
43
26
38
37
46.9
30.2
22.8
1.9
0.7
0.7
Mining products
11
30
57
49
12.2
34.9
30.3
0.2
0.8
0.7
Manufactures
37
27
78
77
40.4
31.4
46.9
0.2
0.1
0.1
Selected long-term trends
Western Europe
China Total merchandise
262
314
1396
4007
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.3
0.6
1.8
Agricultural products
…
170
202
274
…
54.0
6.8
…
2.2
1.4
Mining products
…
47
1112
3650
…
14.9
91.1
…
1.6
10.8
Manufactures
…
98
82
83
…
31.1
2.1
…
0.2
0.0
1371
1264
1023
1238
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.0
0.5
0.3
Agricultural products
410
548
662
588
29.9
43.4
47.5
1.4
1.1
0.9
Mining products
608
651
238
448
44.3
51.5
36.2
0.7
0.8
0.5
Manufactures
124
55
119
200
9.0
4.4
16.2
0.5
0.1
0.1
558
1510
3895
4873
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.5
0.5
0.8
Agricultural products
345
662
876
1082
61.8
43.9
22.2
2.1
2.2
2.4
Mining products
112
381
2598
3325
20.1
25.3
68.2
0.4
0.9
3.4
97
461
405
455
17.4
30.5
9.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
Japan Total merchandise
Six East Asian traders Total merchandise
Manufactures
Total of above Total merchandise
13743
19496
23825
31625
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.9
0.7
0.6
Agricultural products
…
4753
5040
5321
…
24.4
16.8
…
1.3
1.1
Mining products
…
8983
8330
13928
…
46.1
44.0
…
2.0
2.0
Manufactures
…
5484
10308
12234
…
28.1
38.7
…
0.3
0.3
35
III. Trade by region 1. Overview Chart III.1
Value of world merchandise trade by region, 1993-00 (Annual percentage change in value)
Imports
Exports North America
1994
1995
1996
1997
Latin America
1998
1999
2000
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25
1994
1995
1996
Western Europe 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25
1994
1995
1996
1997
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
1994
1995
1996
1994
1995
1996
1997
1999
2000
1998
1997
1998
1999
2000
Middle East
1999
2000
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25
46
1994
1995
1996
Asia 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25
1998
Africa 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25
1997
Trade by region
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25
1997
1998
1999
2000
1998
1999
2000
World
1998
1999
2000
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25
1994
1995
1996
1997
37
Chart III.2
The volume of world merchandise trade by selected region, 1993-00 (Annual percentage change)
Exports
Imports
North America
Latin America
30
30
25
25
20
20
15
15
10
10
5
5
0
0
-5
-5
-10
-10
-15
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
-15
1994
1995
30
25
25
20
20
15
15
10
10
5
5
0
0
-5
-5
-10
-10
Trade by region
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
-15
1994
1995
1996
Asia 30
25
25
20
20
15
15
10
10
5
5
0
0
-5
-5
-10
-10 1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
1997
1998
1999
2000
1998
1999
2000
World
30
-15
38
1994
1997
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
Western Europe 30
-15
1996
1998
1999
2000
-15
1994
1995
1996
1997
Table III.1
World merchandise exports by region, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value
Share
Annual percentage change
2000
1990
2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
World
6186
100.0
100.0
6
-1
4
12
North America
1058
15.4
17.1
7
-1
5
12
United States
781
11.6
12.6
7
-1
3
11
Latin America
359
4.3
5.8
9
-1
7
20
166
1.2
2.7
15
6
16
22
2441
48.3
39.5
4
4
0
3
2251
44.5
36.4
4
4
0
2
271
3.1
4.4
7
-4
0
26
Central and Eastern Europe
116
1.4
1.9
8
9
1
14
Russian Fed.
105
-
1.7
-
-15
1
39
145
3.1
2.3
3
-16
10
27
30
0.7
0.5
3
-9
1
12
263
4.0
4.2
7
-21
28
46
1649
21.8
26.7
8
-6
7
18
479
8.5
7.7
5
-8
8
14
Mexico Western Europe European Union (15) C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
Africa South Africa Middle East Asia Japan China
249
1.8
4.0
15
0
6
28
Six East Asian traders
649
7.9
10.5
9
-7
8
19
1224
16.6
19.8
8
0
6
14
85
1.4
1.4
6
-2
-9
14
427
4.3
6.9
11
-7
9
19
NAFTA (3) MERCOSUR (4) ASEAN (10)
Trade by region
Memorandum item:
Table III.2
World merchandise imports by region, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value
World
Share
Annual percentage change
2000
1990
2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
6490
100.0
100.0
6
-1
4
13
North America
1504
18.4
23.2
9
5
11
17
United States
1258
14.8
19.4
9
5
12
19
388
3.7
6.0
12
5
-3
16
183
1.2
2.8
15
14
14
23
2567
48.7
39.6
4
6
1
5
2362
44.7
36.4
4
6
2
5
Latin America Mexico Western Europe European Union (15) C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
242
3.3
3.7
5
-1
-12
13
Central and Eastern Europe
146
1.4
2.3
10
11
-1
13
46
-
0.7
-
-19
-32
12
137
2.7
2.1
4
1
-3
7
30
0.5
0.5
5
-9
-9
11
Russian Fed. Africa South Africa Middle East
171
2.8
2.6
6
-1
1
14
1481
20.3
22.8
8
-18
10
23
Japan
380
6.7
5.8
5
-17
11
22
China
225
1.5
3.5
15
-1
18
36
Six East Asian traders
615
8.0
9.5
8
-25
11
27
1685
19.6
26.0
9
5
11
18
89
0.8
1.4
12
-4
-16
8
367
4.7
5.7
8
-25
8
23
Asia
Memorandum item: NAFTA (3) MERCOSUR (4) ASEAN (10)
39
Table III.3
Intra- and inter-regional merchandise trade, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Destination
Origin
North America
Latin America
Western Europe
C./E. Europe/ Baltic States/CIS
Middle East
Africa
Asia
World
Value North America
421
174
195
6
12
20
229
1058
Latin America
220
62
45
3
3
3
21
359
Western Europe
263
55
1654
129
59
60
199
2441
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
12
6
147
72
3
7
20
271
Africa
26
4
72
1
11
2
25
145
Middle East
41
3
48
2
10
17
126
263
423
41
278
15
22
42
807
1649
1406
346
2438
229
120
150
1427
6186
Asia World
Share of intra- and inter-regional trade flows in each region’s total merchandise exports North America
39.8
16.5
18.5
0.6
1.1
1.9
21.6
100.0
Latin America
61.3
17.3
12.5
0.8
0.8
0.8
5.8
100.0
Western Europe
10.8
2.3
67.8
5.3
2.4
2.5
8.2
100.0
4.4
2.2
54.2
26.6
1.1
2.6
7.4
100.0
Africa
17.9
2.8
49.7
0.7
7.6
1.4
17.2
100.0
Middle East
15.6
1.1
18.3
0.8
3.8
6.5
47.9
100.0
Asia
25.7
2.5
16.9
0.9
1.3
2.5
48.9
100.0
World
22.7
5.6
39.4
3.7
1.9
2.4
23.1
100.0
Trade by region
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
Share of intra- and inter-regional trade flows in world merchandise exports North America
6.8
2.8
3.2
0.1
0.2
0.3
3.7
17.1
Latin America
3.6
1.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
5.8
Western Europe
4.3
0.9
26.7
2.1
1.0
1.0
3.2
39.5
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
0.2
0.1
2.4
1.2
0.0
0.1
0.3
4.4
Africa
0.4
0.1
1.2
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.4
2.3
Middle East
0.7
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.2
0.3
2.0
4.3
Asia
6.8
0.7
4.5
0.2
0.4
0.7
13.0
26.7
22.7
5.6
39.4
3.7
1.9
2.4
23.1
100.0
World
40
Chart III.3
World trade in commercial services by selected region, 1993-00 (Annual percentage change in value)
Exports
Imports
North America
Latin America
25
25
20
20
15
15
10
10
5
5
0
0
-5
-5
-10
-10 1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
-15
1993
1994
1995
25
20
20
15
15
10
10
5
5
0
0
-5
-5
-10
-10 1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
-15
1993
1994
1995
25
20
20
15
15
10
10
5
5
0
0
-5
-5
-10
-10 1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
1998
1999
2000
World
Asia 25
-15
1997
Africa
Western Europe 25
-15
1996
1998
1999
2000
-15
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Trade by region
-15
41
Table III.4
World exports of commercial services by selected region, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value
Share
2000
World
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
100.0
100.0
6
1
2
6
312
19.3
21.7
8
2
5
10
275
17.0
19.1
8
2
4
10
Latin America
61
3.8
4.2
7
8
0
12
Mexico
14
0.9
0.9
7
6
-3
17
Brazil
9
0.5
0.6
9
29
-3
29
646
53.0
45.0
5
7
0
0
577
47.1
40.2
5
7
1
0
100
6.8
7.0
7
8
3
-3
France
81
8.5
5.7
2
5
-3
0
Germany
80
6.6
5.6
4
2
0
1
Italy
57
6.2
4.0
2
0
-9
-6
31
2.4
2.1
5
-1
10
1
10
0.6
0.7
7
-14
18
4
5
0.4
0.3
4
-1
-4
1
United States
Western Europe European Union (15) United Kingdom
Africa Egypt South Africa Asia
Trade by region
2000
1435
North America
303
16.8
21.1
9
-13
4
12
Japan
68
5.3
4.8
5
-9
-2
13
Hong Kong, China
42
2.3
2.9
9
-6
2
13
China
30
0.7
2.1
18
-3
10
15
Korea, Rep. of
29
1.2
2.0
12
-2
4
13
Singapore
27
1.6
1.9
8
-37
25
13
Taipei, Chinese
20
0.9
1.4
11
-2
3
18
Table III.5
World imports of commercial services by selected region, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value
Share
2000
World
1990
Annual percentage change 2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
2
2
6
1435
100.0
100.0
6
241
15.3
16.8
7
8
4
13
199
12.0
13.8
7
10
4
13
Latin America
72
4.2
5.0
8
4
-5
13
Mexico
17
1.2
1.2
5
7
11
19
Brazil
16
0.8
1.1
9
9
-15
19
615
47.9
42.8
5
9
1
1
571
42.7
39.7
5
9
1
1
132
9.7
9.2
5
4
3
0
United Kingdom
82
5.5
5.7
6
11
6
-1
France
62
6.2
4.3
2
6
-6
-2
Italy
56
5.7
3.9
2
7
-9
-3
North America United States
Western Europe European Union (15) Germany
Africa
39
3.3
2.7
4
0
-3
9
Egypt
7
0.4
0.5
8
1
1
20
South Africa
5
0.5
0.4
3
-7
1
0 8
Asia
42
1990
Annual percentage change
365
21.8
25.4
7
-11
6
Japan
116
10.3
8.1
3
-9
3
1
China
36
0.5
2.5
24
-5
17
16
Korea, Rep. of
33
1.2
2.3
13
-17
11
25
Hong Kong, China
26
1.3
1.8
9
1
8
3
Taipei, Chinese
26
1.7
1.8
6
-4
0
10
Singapore
21
1.0
1.5
9
-9
8
13
Table III.6
Commercial services exports of selected economies by selected partners, 1999 (Percentage)
World United States
World
United States
EU (15)
Japan
Other economies
100
13
100
-
18
8
60
33
12
55
European Union (15)
100
35
-
6
58
Japan
100
31
18
-
50
Other economies
100
8
20
9
64
Note: Excluding intra-EU trade.
Table III.7
Commercial services imports of selected economies by selected partners, 1999 (Percentage)
World United States
World
United States
EU (15)
Japan
Other economies
100
19
19
4
57
100
-
36
9
55
European Union (15)
100
39
-
3
58
Japan
100
33
18
-
49
Other
100
15
22
5
59
Trade by region
Note: Excluding intra-EU trade.
Chart III.4
Distribution of trade in commercial services of selected economies, 1999 (Billion dollars)
European Union (15)
Japan
United States
Other Imports
Exports 300
300
250
250
200
200
150
150
100
100
50
50 0
0 United States
European Union (15)
Japan
United States
European Union (15)
Japan
Note: Excluding intra-EU trade
43
2. North America Table III.8
Table III.9
Merchandise trade of North America, 2000
Merchandise trade of North America by region and by major product group, 2000
(Billion dollars and percentage)
(Billion dollars and percentage) Exports
Imports
Value
1058
1504
Share in world merchandise trade
17.1
23.2
Total
Value
Share
Exports Imports
Exports Imports
1058
1504
100.0
100.0
Annual percentage change Region
Value 6
North America
421
394
39.7
26.2
11
8
Latin America
174
229
16.5
15.3
1990-00
7
9
Western Europe
195
279
18.5
18.5
1998
-1
5
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
6
18
0.6
1.2
1999
5
11
12
31
1.1
2.0
2000
12
17
1980-85
1
1985-90
Africa Middle East Asia
Volume 1980-85
-0.5
7.0
1985-90
8.5
5.0
1990-00
7.0
8.5
1998
3.5
10.5
Mining products
1999
6.0
11.5
Manufactures
2000
10.0
11.5
20
42
1.9
2.8
229
506
21.7
33.7
106
82
10.0
5.5
76
187
7.2
12.4
825
1174
78.0
78.1
Product group
Trade by region
Agricultural products
Chart III.5
Chart III.6
Merchandise trade of North America, 1990-00
Share of North America in world merchandise trade, 1990-00
(Billion dollars)
(Percentage based on value data)
1600
24
1400
22
1200
Imports 20
1000 Imports
18
800 Exports
16 Exports
600 14 400
12
200
0
10 90
44
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
Table III.10
Merchandise exports of North America by product, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Share in exports of North America
Value 2000
Total merchandise exports Agricultural products
1990
Share in world exports
2000
1990
Annual percentage change
2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
1058.1
100.0
100.0
15.4
17.1
7
-1
5
12 6
105.8
15.7
10.0
19.7
19.0
3
-9
-2
Food
71.7
10.2
6.8
16.9
16.2
3
-8
-3
3
Raw materials
34.1
5.4
3.2
28.7
29.4
2
-13
1
12
Mining products
76.0
9.1
7.2
9.8
9.4
5
-15
2
42
9.9
2.2
0.9
22.2
16.0
-2
-16
-6
15
Fuels
49.7
4.8
4.7
7.0
7.9
7
-20
10
63
Non-ferrous metals
16.4
2.1
1.6
14.7
13.7
4
-6
-6
15
Manufactures
824.9
69.7
78.0
15.2
17.8
9
2
6
11
Iron and steel
9.5
1.1
0.9
5.2
6.6
6
-1
-8
13
Chemicals
97.0
8.8
9.2
15.6
16.9
8
-2
5
13
Other semi-manufactures
72.0
6.1
6.8
12.1
16.0
8
2
7
11 10
Ores and other minerals
Machinery and transport equipment
524.4
44.0
49.6
18.9
20.4
9
2
7
Automotive products
128.4
11.7
12.1
19.1
22.5
8
1
13
3
Office and telecom equipment
173.9
11.0
16.4
19.2
18.5
12
-4
11
23
Other machinery and transport equipment
21.4
21.0
18.7
21.1
7
7
0
6
13.1
1.1
1.2
5.5
8.3
9
1
4
13
Clothing
10.7
0.6
1.0
2.7
5.4
14
4
-3
5
Other consumer goods
98.2
8.0
9.3
13.9
18.1
9
3
6
16
Trade by region
222.1
Textiles
Table III.11
Merchandise imports of North America by product, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Share in imports of North America
Value
Total merchandise imports Agricultural products
Share in world imports
2000
1990
2000
1990
2000
1503.6
100.0
100.0
18.7
23.2
Annual percentage change 1990-00
1998
1999
2000
9
5
11
17 2
82.3
7.7
5.5
11.1
13.6
5
1
5
Food
61.6
5.9
4.1
11.0
12.8
5
3
5
2
Raw materials
20.7
1.9
1.4
11.2
16.5
6
-4
6
1
186.9
15.0
12.4
18.9
21.7
7
-18
19
62
8.4
1.2
0.6
13.2
12.0
1
-3
-6
2
152.9
12.0
10.2
20.3
22.9
7
-24
25
76
Mining products Ores and other minerals Fuels
25.6
1.8
1.7
16.0
20.7
8
5
6
27
Manufactures
Non-ferrous metals
1174.4
73.9
78.1
19.2
24.3
10
8
11
14
Iron and steel
23.8
2.0
1.6
11.5
15.2
6
18
-19
15
Chemicals
96.4
5.0
6.4
10.3
16.1
12
8
12
16
Other semi-manufactures
101.4
7.0
6.7
16.1
21.2
9
10
11
10
Machinery and transport equipment
698.4
43.0
46.5
22.3
26.4
10
7
12
15
Automotive products
219.9
16.4
14.6
32.4
37.4
8
6
18
9
Office and telecom equipment
250.1
11.6
16.6
24.6
25.8
13
3
13
23
Other machinery and transport equipment
13
228.5
15.0
15.2
15.8
21.0
9
11
7
Textiles
19.9
1.4
1.3
8.4
11.9
8
7
5
8
Clothing
70.4
4.6
4.7
26.2
33.5
9
11
5
13
164.1
10.9
10.9
22.5
28.5
9
9
11
11
Other consumer goods
45
Table III.12
Merchandise exports of North America by destination, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value
Share
2000
World Intra-North America Asia Japan
2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
1058.1
100.0
100.0
7
-1
5
12
420.6
34.2
39.7
9
3
11
13
229.1
25.5
21.7
6
-15
4
15
70.9
10.7
6.7
2
-13
0
11
Korea, Rep. of
29.3
3.0
2.8
6
-35
37
21
China
18.7
1.2
1.8
12
10
-6
24
Hong Kong, China
15.5
1.4
1.5
8
-16
-3
16
Western Europe
195.3
24.0
18.5
5
5
4
7
178.0
21.9
16.8
5
6
4
6
Latin America
174.1
10.7
16.5
12
6
0
19
Mexico
112.7
5.5
10.7
15
11
10
28
European Union (15)
Brazil
16.0
1.1
1.5
11
-6
-13
15
Middle East
20.4
2.4
1.9
5
9
-9
-9
Africa
12.0
1.7
1.1
3
-3
-12
8
6.4
1.0
0.6
2
-4
-24
4
637.2
65.3
60.2
6
-3
1
12
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
Inter-regional trade
Trade by region
1990
Annual percentage change
Table III.13
Merchandise imports of North America by origin, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value 2000
World Asia
1990
100.0
Annual percentage change 2000
100.0
1990-00
9
1998
1999
2000
5
11
17 15
506.0
34.8
33.7
9
5
10
Japan
163.1
16.1
10.8
5
1
8
12
China
111.3
2.8
7.4
20
15
17
18
Taipei, Chinese
45.2
4.0
3.0
6
2
8
13
Korea, Rep. of
45.1
3.3
3.0
8
5
29
29
Singapore
20.7
1.7
1.4
7
-8
0
7
Hong Kong, China
12.8
1.7
0.9
2
2
1
8
394.5
26.6
26.2
9
4
10
13
278.6
20.5
18.5
8
10
11
14
253.0
18.6
16.8
8
11
11
13
Latin America
229.4
11.2
15.3
12
4
15
25
Intra-North America Western Europe European Union (15)
Mexico
148.5
5.1
9.9
16
10
16
26
Brazil
15.3
1.5
1.0
5
4
11
20
Middle East
42.1
3.3
2.8
5
-7
31
52
Africa
30.5
2.8
2.0
5
-18
5
57
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
17.9
0.4
1.2
20
27
5
35
1104.6
73.1
73.5
9
6
12
19
Inter-regional trade
46
1503.6
Share
Table III.14
Gross domestic product and trade in goods and services of Canada and the United States, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value
Annual percentage change in volume
2000
1990-00
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
10585
3.2
2.7
3.4
4.4
4.2
4.1
4.2
689
2.7
2.8
1.5
4.4
3.3
4.5
4.7
9896
3.2
2.7
3.6
4.4
4.3
4.1
4.1
1420
7.3
10.0
7.7
11.6
3.6
4.3
9.1
Gross domestic product North America Canada United States
Exports of goods and services North America Canada United States
323
8.6
9.0
5.9
8.8
8.9
10.0
9.6
1097
6.9
10.3
8.2
12.3
2.3
2.9
9.0
1755
9.0
7.8
8.1
14.0
10.7
10.4
13.2
287
7.9
6.2
5.8
15.1
6.1
9.4
12.0
1468
9.3
8.2
8.6
13.7
11.9
10.7
13.5
Imports of goods and services North America Canada
Trade by region
United States
Table III.15
Merchandise exports and imports of Canada and the United States, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Annual percentage change Value
Value
Volume
2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
1058
7
-1
5
12
7.0
3.5
6.0
10.0
Canada
277
8
0
11
16
9.0
8.0
10.5
11.0
United States
781
7
-1
3
11
6.5
2.5
4.5
9.5
1504
9
5
11
17
8.5
10.5
11.5
11.5
Exports North America
Imports North America Canada United States
245
7
3
7
11
9.0
4.5
11.0
13.0
1258
9
5
12
19
8.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
47
Table III.16
Merchandise trade of Canada by region and economy, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Exports Destination Value
Imports a Annual percentage change
Share
Origin Value
2000
1990
2000
1999
2000
276.64
100.0
100.0
11
16
Region World North America
World
241.63
75.1
87.3
13
18
North America
14.73
10.9
5.3
-1
14
Asia
2000
1990
2000
1999
2000
240.09
100.0
100.0
7
11
Western Europe
154.52
64.6
64.4
5
7
34.74
14.4
14.5
9
18
13.86
9.8
5.0
17
-4
Western Europe
29.07
14.5
12.1
13
17
Latin America
4.22
1.8
1.5
-12
10
Latin America
12.43
3.4
5.2
14
24
Middle East
1.20
0.7
0.4
16
15
Africa
1.86
0.8
0.8
1
35
Africa C./E. Europe/
1.05
0.8
0.4
-24
-3
Middle East C./E. Europe/
1.71
0.7
0.7
10
110
0.43
0.8
0.2
-29
4
1.22
0.4
0.5
-9
29
Economy United States European Union (15)
Trade by region
Share
Region
Asia
Baltic States/CIS
Baltic States/CIS
Economy 241.59
75.0
87.3
13
18
United States
154.50
64.6
64.4
5
7
12.72
8.5
4.6
22
-5
European Union (15)
24.83
12.7
10.3
15
13
Japan
6.06
5.5
2.2
-3
7
Japan
11.18
7.0
4.7
7
10
China
2.50
1.1
0.9
6
40
Mexico
8.14
1.3
3.4
24
27
Korea, Rep. of
1.50
1.1
0.5
9
13
China
7.59
1.0
3.2
16
26
Above 5
264.38
91.3
95.6
13
16
Above 5
206.24
86.6
85.9
7
9
Mexico
1.37
0.4
0.5
12
25
3.47
1.7
1.4
8
44
Korea, Rep. of
Hong Kong, China
0.88
0.5
0.3
-19
20
Taipei, Chinese
3.35
1.6
1.4
14
8
Australia
0.80
0.6
0.3
-1
23
Norway
2.94
1.2
1.2
1
71
Taipei, Chinese
0.77
0.5
0.3
-3
0
Malaysia
1.67
0.3
0.7
3
21
Brazil
0.72
0.3
0.3
-25
3
Thailand
1.13
0.3
0.5
18
11
Norway
0.51
0.4
0.2
-14
3
Australia
1.04
0.6
0.4
-5
28
Indonesia
0.48
0.2
0.2
0
29
Brazil
1.01
0.6
0.4
-2
10
Iran, Islamic Rep. of
0.44
0.2
0.2
104
21
Hong Kong, China
0.98
0.8
0.4
4
11
Venezuela
0.43
0.2
0.2
-26
21
Venezuela
0.95
0.4
0.4
20
39
Switzerland
0.34
0.7
0.1
-48
5
Switzerland
0.95
0.5
0.4
12
11
Algeria
0.33
0.2
0.1
-12
3
Philippines
0.95
0.1
0.4
9
34
India
0.33
0.2
0.1
7
18
Singapore
0.94
0.4
0.4
6
12
Chile
0.30
0.1
0.1
7
23
Algeria
0.84
0.0
0.3
18
91
Malaysia
0.27
0.2
0.1
-9
-3
India
0.83
0.2
0.3
13
21
Philippines
0.26
0.1
0.1
14
32
Saudi Arabia
0.62
0.5
0.3
9
113
Thailand
0.25
0.3
0.1
0
23
Singapore
0.25
0.3
0.1
-13
0
Indonesia
0.60
0.1
0.2
-6
3
Iraq
0.46
0.1
0.2
100
319
Cuba
0.22
0.1
0.1
-16
-17
Russian Fed.
0.45
…
0.2
-17
10
Saudi Arabia
0.22
0.2
0.1
-7
9
Israel
0.40
0.1
0.2
6
35
Israel
0.21
0.1
0.1
28
5
Chile
0.37
0.1
0.2
17
32
Colombia
0.21
0.1
0.1
-46
19
New Zealand
0.35
0.2
0.1
-3
40
Turkey
0.18
0.1
0.1
-5
21
South Africa
0.34
0.1
0.1
8
-19
South Africa
0.16
0.1
0.1
-23
-7
Nigeria
0.31
0.4
0.1
0
54
Argentina
0.16
0.0
0.1
-39
13
Cuba
0.28
0.1
0.1
-8
33
Morocco
0.16
0.2
0.1
-8
35
Argentina
0.24
0.1
0.1
17
17
Above 30
274.63
97.8
99.3
-
-
231.70
97.0
96.5
-
-
a Imports are valued f.o.b.
48
Annual percentage change
Above 30
Table III.17
Merchandise trade of the United States by region and economy, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Exports
Imports
Destination Value 2000
Annual percentage change
Share 1990
2000
1999
Origin Value
2000
Region
Share
2000
1990
2000
1999
2000
1257.6
100.0
100.0
12
19
Region 781.8
100.0
100.0
2
13
Asia
214.6
30.3
27.4
3
17
Western Europe
181.4
28.7
23.2
2
9
World Asia
469.3
39.5
37.3
11
15
Western Europe
248.5
21.9
19.8
11
13
North America
179.4
21.2
22.9
6
9
North America
238.4
18.1
19.0
13
18
Latin America
170.0
13.7
21.7
0
20
Latin America
216.0
13.0
17.2
15
25
Middle East
19.2
2.9
2.5
-11
-9
Middle East
40.3
3.9
3.2
32
50
Africa C./E. Europe/ Baltic States/CIS
11.0
2.0
1.4
-11
11
28.5
3.3
2.3
6
59
5.9
1.1
0.8
-24
5
Africa C./E. Europe/ Baltic States/CIS
16.6
0.5
1.3
7
36
Economies
Economies
Canada
178.9
21.1
22.9
6
9
Canada
238.3
18.1
19.0
13
18
European Union (15)
165.2
26.3
21.1
1
9
European Union (15)
227.2
20.0
18.1
10
13 12
Mexico
111.3
7.2
14.2
10
28
Japan
151.3
18.1
12.0
8
Japan
64.9
12.4
8.3
-1
13
Mexico
140.4
5.9
11.2
16
26
Korea, Rep. of
27.8
3.7
3.6
39
21
China
103.3
3.1
8.2
17
18
548.2
70.7
70.1
6
13
Above 5
860.4
65.3
68.4
12
17
Taipei, Chinese
24.4
2.9
3.1
5
28
Taipei, Chinese
41.8
4.6
3.3
7
14
Singapore
17.8
2.0
2.3
4
10
Korea, Rep. of
41.6
3.7
3.3
31
28 20
Above 5
China
16.2
1.2
2.1
-8
23
Malaysia
26.4
1.1
2.1
13
Brazil
15.3
1.3
2.0
-13
16
Singapore
19.8
2.0
1.6
-1
7
Hong Kong, China
14.6
1.7
1.9
-2
15
Venezuela
19.2
1.9
1.5
19
61
Australia
12.5
2.2
1.6
-1
6
Thailand
16.9
1.1
1.3
8
12
Malaysia
10.9
0.9
1.4
1
20
Saudi Arabia
14.8
2.1
1.2
24
67
Switzerland
10.0
1.3
1.3
15
19
Philippines
14.4
0.7
1.1
4
12
Philippines
8.8
0.6
1.1
7
22
Brazil
14.3
1.7
1.1
12
20
Israel
7.7
0.8
1.0
10
1
Israel
13.4
0.7
1.1
14
33
Thailand
6.6
0.8
0.8
-5
33
Hong Kong, China
11.8
1.9
0.9
1
7
Saudi Arabia
6.2
1.0
0.8
-25
-21
India
11.0
0.7
0.9
11
15
Venezuela
5.5
0.8
0.7
-18
3
Nigeria
10.9
1.2
0.9
2
135
Argentina
4.7
0.3
0.6
-16
-5
Switzerland
10.8
1.1
0.9
10
7
Dominican Republic
4.5
0.4
0.6
3
9
Indonesia
10.7
0.7
0.9
3
4
Turkey
3.7
0.6
0.5
-9
16
Russian Fed.
7.9
-
0.6
0
31
Colombia
3.7
0.5
0.5
-27
4
Colombia
7.2
0.7
0.6
34
9
India
3.7
0.6
0.5
5
-1
Australia
6.6
0.9
0.5
-2
19
Chile
3.5
0.4
0.4
-23
12
Iraq
6.3
0.6
0.5
232
39
Egypt
3.3
0.6
0.4
-1
10
Norway
5.9
0.4
0.5
40
39
South Africa
3.1
0.5
0.4
-24
9
Dominican Republic
4.5
0.4
0.4
-4
3
Honduras
2.6
0.1
0.3
2
9
South Africa
4.3
0.4
0.3
4
23
Costa Rica
2.5
0.3
0.3
3
3
Angola
3.7
0.4
0.3
5
43
Indonesia
2.4
0.5
0.3
-15
24
Costa Rica
3.7
0.2
0.3
42
-12
United Arab Emirates
2.3
0.3
0.3
14
-16
Chile
3.4
0.3
0.3
17
3
744.7
93.3
95.3
-
-
1191.8
94.6
94.8
-
-
Above 30
Above 30
Trade by region
World
Annual percentage change
49
Table III.18
Merchandise exports of NAFTA countries by destination, 1990-00 (Billion dollars and percentage) Destination
United States
Origin
Canada
Mexico
All other countries
NAFTA (3)
World
Value United States
Canada
Mexico
Trade by region
NAFTA (3)
1990
-
83.0
28.3
111.3
282.3
393.6
1995
-
126.0
46.3
172.3
412.4
584.7
1998
-
154.2
79.0
233.1
449.0
682.1
1999
-
163.9
87.0
250.9
451.2
702.1
2000
-
178.9
111.3
290.2
490.9
781.1
1990
95.2
-
0.5
95.7
31.9
127.6
1995
152.8
-
0.8
153.6
38.6
192.2
1998
181.9
-
1.0
182.8
31.5
214.3
1999
205.0
-
1.1
206.1
32.3
238.4
2000
241.6
-
1.4
243.0
33.6
276.6
1990
32.3
0.2
-
32.6
8.2
40.7
1995
66.6
2.0
-
68.5
11.0
79.5
1998
101.9
1.7
-
103.6
13.9
117.5
1999
120.5
2.4
-
122.9
13.5
136.4
2000
149.0
3.4
-
152.4
14.0
166.4
1990
127.6
83.2
28.9
239.6
322.3
561.9
1995
219.4
128.0
47.1
394.5
462.0
856.5
1998
283.8
155.9
80.0
519.6
494.3
1013.9
1999
325.5
166.3
88.1
579.9
497.0
1076.9
2000
390.6
182.3
112.7
685.6
538.5
1224.1
Share United States
Canada
Mexico
NAFTA (3)
1990
-
14.8
5.0
19.8
50.2
70.0
2000
-
14.6
9.1
23.7
40.1
63.8
1990
16.9
-
0.1
17.0
5.7
22.7
2000
19.7
-
0.1
19.9
2.7
22.6
1990
5.8
0.0
-
5.8
1.5
7.2
2000
12.2
0.3
-
12.4
1.1
13.6
1990
22.7
14.8
5.1
42.6
57.4
100.0
2000
31.9
14.9
9.2
56.0
44.0
100.0
1990-00
-
8
15
10
6
7
1999
-
6
10
8
0
3
2000
-
9
28
16
9
11
1990-00
10
-
10
10
1
8
1999
13
-
12
13
3
11
2000
18
-
27
18
4
16
1990-00
17
31
-
17
6
15
1999
18
40
-
19
-3
16
2000
24
42
-
24
4
22
1990-00
12
8
15
11
5
8
1999
15
7
10
12
1
6
2000
20
10
28
18
8
14
Annual percentage change United States
Canada
Mexico
NAFTA (3)
50
Table III.19
Trade in commercial services of Canada, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Exports Value
Imports Share
Value
Share
2000
1995
2000
2000
1995
2000
37.2
100.0
100.0
41.9
100.0
100.0
Transportation
7.2
20.7
19.3
9.3
24.1
22.2
Sea transport
1.5
5.7
4.1
3.3
9.0
8.0
Air transport
3.2
8.3
8.7
4.1
10.2
9.8
Other transport
2.5
6.6
6.6
1.8
4.8
4.4
Travel
10.6
31.1
28.5
12.1
31.1
29.0
Other commercial services
48.8
Total commercial services
19.4
48.2
52.1
20.4
44.8
Communication services
1.3
5.0
3.5
1.3
3.9
3.0
Construction services
0.2
0.4
0.5
0.1
0.6
0.3
Insurance services
2.7
8.9
7.2
3.5
8.4
8.4
Financial services
1.2
2.5
3.3
1.7
2.9
4.0
Computer and information services
1.2
4.0
3.2
0.9
1.5
2.2
Royalties and licence fees
1.4
1.5
3.8
2.9
5.7
6.9
10.3
23.0
27.6
8.7
18.8
20.7
1.1
2.9
3.1
1.4
3.0
3.4
Other business services
Trade by region
Personal, cultural, and recreational services
Table III.20
Trade in commercial services of the United States, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Exports Value
Imports Share
Value
Share
2000
1995
2000
2000
1995
2000
274.6
100.0
100.0
198.9
100.0
100.0
Transportation
51.2
22.7
18.6
64.6
32.3
32.5
Sea transport
5.1
2.8
1.9
20.0
9.2
10.0
Air transport
26.7
11.2
9.7
28.3
13.5
14.2
Other transport
19.4
8.6
7.1
16.4
9.6
8.2
Travel
100.5
37.7
36.6
67.3
35.7
33.9
Other commercial services
122.9
39.7
44.8
67.0
32.0
33.7
Communication services a
4.1
1.8
1.5
6.5
6.0
3.2
Total commercial services
Construction services a
4.3
1.3
1.6
0.5
0.3
0.3
Insurance services a
2.7
0.7
1.0
6.6
4.1
3.3
Financial services a
17.9
3.5
6.5
5.1
1.9
2.5
4.3
1.2
1.6
0.7
0.2
0.3
Computer and information services a Royalties and licence fees
38.0
15.3
13.8
16.3
5.4
8.2
Other business services
45.7
14.7
16.7
31.0
14.0
15.6
6.0
1.3
2.2
0.3
0.1
0.1
Personal, cultural, and recreational services
a Excludes transactions between affiliates, which are recorded under "Other business services".
51
3. Latin America Table III.21
Table III.22
Merchandise trade of Latin America, 2000
Merchandise trade of Latin America by region and by major product group, 2000
(Billion dollars and percentage)
(Billion dollars and percentage) Exports
Imports
Value
Value
359
388
Share in world merchandise trade
5.8
6.0
Share
Exports
Total
Exports
Imports
359
100.0
100.0
North America
220
61.4
50.3
Latin America
62
17.2
17.8
Western Europe
45
12.5
15.9
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
3
0.8
1.8
Africa
3
0.9
1.3
Annual percentage change Region
Value 1980-85
0
-7
1985-90
6
10
1990-00
9
12
1998
-1
5
1999
7
-3
2000
20
16
1980-85
5.5
-6.5
1985-90
5.0
6.0
1990-00
9.0
10.5
1998
8.0
9.0
1999
7.0
-1.5
2000
9.5
11.0
Middle East
3
0.8
0.9
21
6.0
12.0
Agricultural products
66
18.4
9.0
Mining products
73
20.5
11.4
217
60.5
76.9
Asia
Volume Product group
Manufactures
Trade by region
Note: Import shares are derived from the Secretariat’s network of world merchandise trade by product and region.
Chart III.7
Chart III.8
Merchandise trade of Latin America, 1990-00
Share of Latin America in world merchandise trade, 1990-00
(Billion dollars)
(Percentage based on value data)
450
7
400 6 350
Imports Imports
5
300 Exports Exports
250
4
200
3
150 2 100 1 50
0
0 90
52
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
Table III.23
Merchandise exports of Latin America by product, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Share in exports of Latin America
Value 2000
Total merchandise exports
1990
Share in world exports
2000
Annual percentage change
1990
2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
4.3
5.8
9
-1
7
20 8
358.7
100.0
100.0
66.0
27.0
18.4
9.6
11.8
5
-4
-7
57.9
24.0
16.1
11.2
13.1
5
-3
-9
7
8.1
3.0
2.3
4.4
7.0
6
-10
3
18
73.4
33.3
20.5
10.1
9.0
4
-23
21
28
10.4
5.1
2.9
14.3
16.8
3
-2
-2
16
Fuels
51.4
22.7
14.3
9.3
8.1
4
-30
34
31
Non-ferrous metals
11.6
5.4
3.2
10.9
9.7
4
-16
1
23
Manufactures
217.2
38.0
60.5
2.3
4.7
15
10
8
22
Iron and steel
8.5
4.2
2.4
5.8
6.0
3
-8
-16
21
17.1
4.7
4.8
2.3
3.0
9
0
-1
19
Agricultural products Food Raw materials
Mining products Ores and other minerals
Chemicals Other semi-manufactures
19.0
4.8
5.3
2.7
4.2
10
0
3
19
124.0
16.3
34.6
2.0
4.8
18
14
13
23
Automotive products
39.3
5.0
11.0
2.3
6.9
18
9
4
21
Office and telecom equipment
38.5
3.7
10.7
1.8
4.1
22
24
27
26
Other machinery and transport equipment
46.2
7.6
12.9
1.9
4.4
15
11
12
22
Machinery and transport equipment
4.9
1.5
1.4
2.2
3.1
8
-2
0
16
22.6
2.4
6.3
3.3
11.4
20
28
10
22
Other consumer goods
21.0
4.0
5.8
2.0
3.9
14
7
7
20
Trade by region
Textiles Clothing
Table III.24
Merchandise exports of Latin America by destination, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value
Share
2000
World
1990
Annual percentage change 2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
358.7
100.0
100.0
9
-1
7
20
North America
220.1
45.4
61.4
13
4
17
23
Intra-Latin America
61.6
14.0
17.2
12
-4
-12
23
Western Europe
45.0
21.2
12.5
4
0
0
10
41.6
20.2
11.6
3
0
0
8
European Union (15) Asia
21.4
9.5
6.0
4
-24
2
16
Japan
7.9
5.1
2.2
1
-26
7
13
China
3.9
0.8
1.1
13
-22
-22
79
Other
9.5
3.7
2.7
6
-24
7
3
Africa
3.2
1.4
0.9
4
-2
-16
8
Middle East
2.8
1.6
0.8
2
-3
-17
2
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
2.7
4.5
0.8
-9
-8
-7
1
295.2
83.8
82.3
9
0
12
19
Inter-regional trade
53
Table III.25
Leading merchandise exporters and importers in Latin America, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value
Share
Annual percentage change
2000
1980
1990
1995
2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
358.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
166.4
16.4
27.7
34.7
46.4
15
6
16
22
79.4
2.3
9.4
13.6
22.1
19
18
20
24
Exporters
Latin America Mexico maquiladoras
9
-1
7
20
Brazil
55.1
18.3
21.4
20.3
15.4
6
-4
-6
15
Venezuela
31.8
17.5
11.9
8.0
8.9
6
-20
17
58
Argentina
26.3
7.3
8.4
9.1
7.3
8
0
-12
13
Chile
18.2
4.3
5.7
7.0
5.1
8
-11
5
16
Colombia
13.0
3.6
4.6
4.4
3.6
7
-6
7
13
Peru
7.0
3.6
2.2
2.4
2.0
8
-16
6
15
Costa Rica
5.9
0.9
1.0
1.5
1.6
15
29
19
-11
Dominican Republic
5.7
1.1
1.5
1.6
1.6
10
8
3
11
Ecuador
4.8
2.3
1.8
1.9
1.4
6
-20
6
9 64
Trinidad and Tobago
4.6
3.7
1.4
1.1
1.3
8
-12
24
El Salvador
2.9
0.9
0.4
0.7
0.8
18
1
2
17
Guatemala
2.7
1.4
0.8
0.9
0.7
9
10
-7
11
Uruguay
2.3
1.0
1.2
0.9
0.6
3
2
-19
3
Cuba
1.6
5.1
3.5
0.7
0.5
-11
-15
-5
12
388.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
12
5
-3
16
182.6
17.9
33.4
29.8
47.0
15
14
14
23
Importers
Trade by region
Latin America Mexico
61.7
1.4
7.9
10.3
15.9
20
17
18
22
Brazil
maquiladoras
58.5
20.2
17.3
21.1
15.1
10
-7
-15
13
Argentina
25.1
8.5
3.1
7.9
6.5
20
3
-19
-1
Chile
18.1
4.7
5.9
6.3
4.7
9
-4
-19
19
Venezuela
16.1
9.6
5.6
5.0
4.1
8
8
-11
14
Colombia
11.5
3.8
4.3
5.4
3.0
8
-5
-27
8
Dominican Republic
9.8
1.6
2.3
2.0
2.5
13
15
6
22
Peru
8.8
2.0
2.7
3.6
2.3
10
-4
-18
9
Costa Rica
6.4
1.2
1.5
1.6
1.6
12
27
1
1
Cuba
4.9
5.3
3.5
1.1
1.3
1
5
3
14
El Salvador
4.9
0.8
1.0
1.3
1.3
14
6
3
20
Guatemala
4.8
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.2
11
21
-6
9
Uruguay
3.5
1.4
1.0
1.1
0.9
10
2
-12
3
Ecuador
3.5
1.8
1.4
1.6
0.9
6
13
-46
15
Panama
3.4
1.2
1.2
1.0
0.9
8
2
14
-4
ANDEAN (5) Exports Imports
57.9 41.6
27.8 17.8
21.2 14.5
17.3 16.2
16.1 10.7
6 8
-16 2
11 -22
33 11
MERCOSUR (4) Exports Imports
84.5 89.3
26.9 30.6
31.6 22.5
30.7 31.4
23.6 23.0
6 12
-2 -4
-9 -16
14 8
Memorandum item:
54
Table III.26
Merchandise exports of MERCOSUR countries by region, 1990-00 (Million dollars and percentage) Destination
MERCOSUR (4)
Origin
All other regions Total
Latin America
World Other regions
Value Argentina
1990 1995 1999 2000
1833 6780 7071 8352
10520 14187 16262 17946
1577 3119 3263 …
8943 11068 12999 …
12353 20967 23333 26298
Brazil
1990 1995 1999 2000
1320 6154 6778 7762
30094 40352 41233 47324
2399 4624 4686 6114
27695 35728 36547 41210
31414 46506 48011 55086
Paraguay
1990 1995 1999 2000
379 528 307 553
580 391 434 299
123 73 51 121
457 318 383 178
959 919 741 852
Uruguay
1990 1995 1999 2000
595 995 1007 1023
1098 1111 1230 1272
94 130 190 …
1004 981 1040 …
1693 2106 2237 2295
MERCOSUR (4)
1990 1995 1999 2000
4127 14457 15163 17690
42292 56041 59159 66841
4193 7946 8190 …
38099 48095 50969 …
46419 70498 74322 84531
Argentina
1990 2000
3.9 9.9
22.7 21.2
3.4 …
19.3 …
26.6 31.1
Brazil
1990 2000
2.8 9.2
64.8 56.0
5.2 7.2
59.7 48.8
67.7 65.2
Paraguay
1990 2000
0.8 0.7
1.2 0.4
0.3 0.1
1.0 0.2
2.1 1.0
Uruguay
1990 2000
1.3 1.2
2.4 1.5
0.2 …
2.2 …
3.6 2.7
MERCOSUR (4)
1990 2000
8.9 20.9
91.1 79.1
9.0 …
82.1 …
100.0 100.0
Argentina
1990-00 1999 2000
16 -25 18
5 -4 10
… -16 …
… -1 …
8 -12 13
Brazil
1990-00 1999 2000
19 -24 15
5 -2 15
10 -14 30
4 -1 13
6 -6 15
Paraguay
1990-00 1999 2000
4 -42 80
-6 -10 -31
0 -44 137
-9 -2 -54
-1 -27 15
Uruguay
1990-00 1999 2000
6 -34 2
1 0 3
… -3 …
… 0 …
3 -19 3
MERCOSUR (4)
1990-00 1999 2000
16 -26 17
5 -3 13
… -15 …
… -1 …
6 -9 14
Trade by region
Share
Annual percentage change
55
Table III.27
Merchandise imports of MERCOSUR countries by region, 1990-00 (Million dollars and percentage) Origin
MERCOSUR (4)
Destination
All other regions Total
Latin America
World Other regions
Value Argentina
1990 1995 1999 2000
833 4603 6299 7197
3243 15519 19209 17952
516 1286 1464 …
2727 14233 17745 …
4076 20122 25508 25149
Brazil
1990 1995 1999 2000
2443 7280 7044 8127
20081 46503 44631 50405
1551 4046 3047 4293
18530 42457 41584 46112
22524 53783 51675 58532
Paraguay
1990 1995 1999 2000
405 1237 957 1132
947 1907 949 1061
64 126 40 96
883 1781 909 965
1352 3144 1906 2193
Uruguay
1990 1995 1999 2000
560 1321 1461 1517
783 1546 1896 1949
137 176 254 …
646 1370 1642 …
1343 2867 3357 3466
MERCOSUR (4)
1990 1995 1999 2000
4241 14441 15761 17973
25054 65475 66685 71367
2268 5634 4805 …
22786 59841 61880 …
29295 79916 82446 89340
Argentina
1990 2000
2.8 8.1
11.1 20.1
1.8 …
9.3 …
13.9 28.1
Brazil
1990 2000
8.3 9.1
68.5 56.4
5.3 4.8
63.3 51.6
76.9 65.5
Paraguay
1990 2000
1.4 1.3
3.2 1.2
0.2 0.1
3.0 1.1
4.6 2.5
Uruguay
1990 2000
1.9 1.7
2.7 2.2
0.5 …
2.2 …
4.6 3.9
MERCOSUR (4)
1990 2000
14.5 20.1
85.5 79.9
7.7 …
77.8 …
100.0 100.0
Argentina
1990-00 1999 2000
24 -21 14
19 -18 -7
… -13 …
… -19 …
20 -19 -1
Brazil
1990-00 1999 2000
13 -29 15
10 -12 13
11 -8 41
10 -12 11
10 -15 13
Paraguay
1990-00 1999 2000
11 -35 18
1 -34 12
4 -27 140
1 -34 6
5 -34 15
Uruguay
1990-00 1999 2000
10 -11 4
10 -12 3
… 45 …
… -17 …
10 -12 3
MERCOSUR (4)
1990-00 1999 2000
16 -25 14
11 -14 7
… -8 …
… -15 …
12 -16 8
Trade by region
Share
Annual percentage change
56
Table III.28
Merchandise exports of ANDEAN countries by region, 1990-00 (Million dollars and percentage) Destination
ANDEAN (5)
Origin
All other regions Total
Latin America
World Other regions
Value Bolivia
1990 1995 1999 2000
60 222 219 253
866 878 832 961
357 213 312 …
509 665 520 …
926 1100 1051 1214
Colombia
1990 1995 1999 2000
373 1939 1635 2171
6393 8186 9941 10869
802 1064 1278 1681
5591 7122 8663 9188
6766 10125 11576 13040
Ecuador
1990 1995 1999 2000
189 359 445 662
2525 3948 4006 4184
587 612 … 862
1938 3336 … 3322
2714 4307 4451 4846
Peru
1990 1995 1999 2000
214 405 346 446
3016 5170 5767 6556
283 548 632 …
2733 4622 5135 …
3230 5575 6113 7002
Venezuela
1990 1995 1999 2000
489 1887 1221 1586
17008 16570 18969 30216
2278 4714 5678 …
14730 11856 13291 …
17497 18457 20190 31802
ANDEAN (5)
1990 1995 1999 2000
1325 4812 3866 5119
29808 34752 39515 52785
4307 7151 … …
25501 27601 … …
31133 39564 43381 57904
Bolivia
1990 2000
0.2 0.4
2.8 1.7
1.1 …
1.6 …
3.0 2.1
Colombia
1990 2000
1.2 3.7
20.5 18.8
2.6 2.9
18.0 15.9
21.7 22.5
Ecuador
1990 2000
0.6 1.1
8.1 7.2
1.9 1.5
6.2 5.7
8.7 8.4
Peru
1990 2000
0.7 0.8
9.7 11.3
0.9 …
8.8 …
10.4 12.1
Venezuela
1990 2000
1.6 2.7
54.6 52.2
7.3 …
47.3 …
56.2 54.9
ANDEAN (5)
1990 2000
4.3 8.8
95.7 91.2
13.8 …
81.9 …
100.0 100.0
Bolivia
1990-00 1999 2000
15 -18 16
1 -1 16
… -3 …
… 1 …
3 -5 16
Colombia
1990-00 1999 2000
19 -23 33
5 14 9
8 13 32
5 14 6
7 7 13
Ecuador
1990-00 1999 2000
13 -19 49
5 10 4
4 … …
6 … …
6 6 9
Peru
1990-00 1999 2000
8 -27 29
8 9 14
… 12 …
… 9 …
8 6 15
Venezuela
1990-00 1999 2000
12 -38 30
6 25 59
… 49 …
… 16 …
6 17 58
ANDEAN (5)
1990-00 1999 2000
14 -28 32
6 17 34
… … …
… … …
6 11 33
Trade by region
Share
Annual percentage change
57
Table III.29
Merchandise imports of ANDEAN countries by region, 1990-00 (Million dollars and percentage) Origin
ANDEAN (5)
Destination
All other regions Total
Latin America
World Other regions
Value Bolivia
1990 1995 1999 2000
30 111 154 157
657 1313 1601 1603
301 431 687 …
356 882 914 …
687 1424 1755 1760
Colombia
1990 1995 1999 2000
474 1845 1440 1613
5116 12008 9219 9926
732 1604 1380 1609
4384 10404 7839 8317
5590 13853 10659 11539
Ecuador
1990 1995 1999 2000
119 705 610 840
1742 3447 2407 2625
302 661 526 680
1440 2786 1881 1945
1861 4152 3017 3465
Peru a
1990 1995 1999 2000
515 1190 1032 1478
2385 6394 5791 5959
440 1439 1175 …
1945 4955 4616 …
2900 7584 6823 7437
Venezuela a
1990 1995 1999 2000
213 1017 940 1412
6388 9774 12614 14040
697 1638 1935 …
5691 8136 10679 …
6601 10791 13554 15452
ANDEAN (5)
1990 1995 1999 2000
1351 4868 4176 5500
16288 32936 31632 34153
2472 5773 5703 …
13816 27163 25929 …
17639 37804 35808 39653
Bolivia
1990 2000
0.2 0.4
3.7 4.0
1.7 …
2.0 …
3.9 4.4
Colombia
1990 2000
2.7 4.1
29.0 25.0
4.1 4.1
24.9 21.0
31.7 29.1
Ecuador
1990 2000
0.7 2.1
9.9 6.6
1.7 1.7
8.2 4.9
10.6 8.7
Peru
1990 2000
2.9 3.7
13.5 15.0
2.5 …
11.0 …
16.4 18.8
Venezuela
1990 2000
1.2 3.6
36.2 35.4
4.0 …
32.3 …
37.4 39.0
ANDEAN (5)
1990 2000
7.7 13.9
92.3 86.1
14.0 …
78.3 …
100.0 100.0
Bolivia
1990-00 1999 2000
18 -10 2
9 -12 0
… -1 …
… -18 …
10 -11 0
Colombia
1990-00 1999 2000
13 -24 12
7 -28 8
8 -32 17
7 -27 6
8 -27 8
Ecuador
1990-00 1999 2000
22 -37 38
4 -48 9
8 -46 29
3 -48 3
6 -46 15
Peru
1990-00 1999 2000
11 -13 43
10 -18 3
… -21 …
… -17 …
10 -17 9
Venezuela
1990-00 1999 2000
21 -2 50
8 -5 11
… -14 …
… -3 …
9 -5 14
ANDEAN (5)
1990-00 1999 2000
15 -20 32
8 -20 8
… -23 …
… -19 …
8 -20 11
Trade by region
Share
Annual percentage change
a Imports are valued f.o.b.
58
Table III.30
Leading exporters and importers of commercial services in Latin America, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value
Share
2000
1990
Annual percentage change 2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
Exporters Latin America
60.7
100.0
100.0
7
8
0
12
Mexico
13.6
24.3
22.3
7
6
-3
17
Brazil
8.8
12.5
14.6
9
29
-3
29
Argentina
4.4
7.6
7.3
7
7
-4
2
Chile
3.8
6.0
6.3
8
0
-8
4
Dominican Republic
3.1
3.7
5.2
11
2
14
14
Cuba a
3.1
2.1
5.2
18
…
…
…
Bahamas
2.0
4.9
3.3
3
-4
18
12
Jamaica
2.0
3.3
3.3
7
4
4
9
Colombia
2.0
5.2
3.2
2
-10
-4
9
Netherlands Antilles a
1.8
3.8
3.0
5
2
…
…
Panama
1.7
3.1
2.9
7
11
1
8
Costa Rica a
1.7
2.0
2.7
11
19
13
…
Peru
1.5
2.4
2.4
7
15
-12
0
Uruguay
1.3
1.5
2.2
11
-7
-6
7
Barbados a
1.1
2.1
1.8
6
7
0
…
71.6
100.0
100.0
8
4
-5
13
Latin America Mexico
16.8
29.0
23.4
5
7
11
19
Brazil
15.9
19.4
22.2
9
9
-15
19
Argentina
8.6
8.3
12.0
12
4
-6
3
Chile
4.3
5.7
6.1
8
4
-3
10
Venezuela
4.3
6.9
6.0
6
-8
-28
21
Colombia
3.2
4.9
4.5
7
-7
-8
5
Peru
2.2
3.1
3.1
8
3
-7
3
Ecuador
1.3
2.2
1.9
6
5
-16
7
Dominican Republic
1.3
1.3
1.9
12
12
-6
9
Jamaica
1.3
1.9
1.8
7
5
1
4
Costa Rica a
1.3
1.6
1.8
9
13
6
…
Panama
1.0
1.9
1.4
4
-11
-5
-4
Netherlands Antilles a
1.0
1.5
1.4
7
15
…
…
Bahamas
0.9
1.5
1.3
6
19
-4
2
El Salvador
0.9
0.9
1.2
12
18
6
16
Trade by region
Importers
a Includes Secretariat estimates.
59
4. Western Europe Table III.31
Table III.32
Merchandise trade of Western Europe, 2000
Merchandise trade of Western Europe by region and by major product group, 2000
(Billion dollars and percentage)
(Billion dollars and percentage) Exports
Value
Imports
Value
2441
2567
Share in world merchandise trade
39.5
39.6
Exports
Total
Share
Imports
Exports
Imports
2441
2567
100.0
100.0
8.9
Annual percentage change Region
Value 1980-85
-1
-3
North America
263
228
10.8
1985-90
16
16
Latin America
55
49
2.2
1.9
1990-00
4
4
1654
1657
67.7
64.6
1998
4
6
1999
0
1
2000
3
5
Volume
Western Europe
129
144
5.3
5.6
Africa
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
59
77
2.4
3.0
Middle East
60
48
2.4
1.9
199
332
8.2
12.9
Agricultural products
230
259
9.4
10.1
Mining products
172
284
7.1
11.1
1959
1942
80.3
75.7
Asia 4.0
2.0
1985-90
4.5
7.0
1990-00
6.5
6.0
1998
6.5
8.0
1999
4.5
5.5
2000
10.5
10.0
Product group
Manufactures
Trade by region
1980-85
Chart III.9
Chart III.10
Merchandise trade of Western Europe, 1990-00
Share of Western Europe in world merchandise trade, 1990-00
(Billion dollars)
(Percentage based on value data)
2800
50
2600 Exports
45 2400
2200 Imports 40 2000
1800 Imports
1600
35
Exports
30
1400 90
60
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
Table III.33
Merchandise exports of Western Europe by product, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage)
Value 2000
Total merchandise exports
Share in exports
Share in
of Western Europe
world exports
1990
2000
1990
Annual percentage change
2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
2441
100.0
100.0
48.3
39.5
4
4
0
3
230
11.4
9.4
45.2
41.2
2
1
-3
-3
196
9.4
8.0
48.7
44.4
3
2
-2
-4
34
2.1
1.4
34.4
28.9
0
-2
-8
4
172
7.2
7.1
24.5
21.2
4
-15
8
30
16
0.9
0.6
26.9
25.5
1
-12
-1
8
112
4.3
4.6
19.7
17.7
5
-22
15
40
45
2.1
1.8
46.2
37.3
3
-1
-2
17
Manufactures
1959
79.1
80.3
54.2
42.3
4
4
0
2
Iron and steel
66
3.9
2.7
61.0
46.1
0
3
-13
7
321
11.8
13.1
65.1
55.9
5
6
3
2
Agricultural products Food Raw materials
Mining products Ores and other minerals Fuels Non-ferrous metals
Chemicals Other semi-manufactures Machinery and transport equipment
219
10.0
9.0
61.8
48.7
3
2
0
1
1004
37.2
41.1
50.2
39.1
5
6
1
3
Automotive products
271
10.6
11.1
54.4
47.4
5
8
0
1
Office and telecom equipment
260
5.8
10.6
32.0
27.7
11
8
7
12
Other machinery and transport equipment
473
20.8
19.4
57.1
44.9
3
4
-1
1
60
3.4
2.4
53.2
37.8
1
1
-8
-5
Clothing Other consumer goods
57
2.9
2.3
43.6
28.8
2
-4
-4
-4
233
10.0
9.5
54.5
43.0
4
2
3
0
Trade by region
Textiles
Table III.34
Merchandise imports of Western Europe by product, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Share in imports of Western Europe
Value 2000
Total merchandise imports Agricultural products Food Raw materials
Mining products Ores and other minerals
1990
2000
Share in world imports 1990
2000
Annual percentage change 1990-00
1998
1999
2000
2567
100.0
100.0
48.7
39.6
4
6
1
5
259
13.1
10.1
50.3
42.7
2
3
-3
-3
208
10.0
8.1
50.3
43.4
2
4
-2
-5
50
3.1
2.0
50.3
40.3
0
-1
-10
8
284
13.0
11.1
43.8
33.0
3
-15
5
39
30
1.7
1.2
50.5
43.3
0
-4
-7
7
201
8.9
7.8
40.6
30.1
3
-22
11
53
53
2.4
2.1
55.0
42.8
3
2
-6
18
Manufactures
1942
72.2
75.7
50.3
40.2
5
8
2
2
Iron and steel
63
3.3
2.5
49.8
40.3
1
11
-15
9
Chemicals
271
10.0
10.5
55.7
45.3
5
9
0
2
Other semi-manufactures
207
9.0
8.1
55.6
43.1
3
5
1
1
Fuels Non-ferrous metals
Machinery and transport equipment
1009
33.6
39.3
46.8
38.1
6
11
4
3
Automotive products
252
9.5
9.8
50.1
42.8
5
13
3
-3
Office and telecom equipment
336
8.0
13.1
45.2
34.6
9
10
8
11
Other machinery and transport equipment
422
16.2
16.4
45.9
38.7
4
10
3
2
55
3.2
2.1
50.1
32.8
0
3
-10
-5
92
3.6
3.6
55.3
43.7
4
-1
0
-1
246
9.4
9.6
52.2
42.7
4
6
4
1
Textiles Clothing Other consumer goods
61
Table III.35
Merchandise exports of Western Europe by destination, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value
Share
2000
1990
2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
World
2441
100.0
100.0
4
4
0
3
Intra-Western Europe
1654
71.4
67.7
4
6
1
1
1512
65.1
61.9
4
6
1
1
North America United States
263 239
7.8 6.9
10.8 9.8
7 8
9 11
11 11
13 13
Asia Japan China Australia and New Zealand Other
199 46 29 17 107
7.3 2.1 0.5 0.8 4.0
8.2 1.9 1.2 0.7 4.4
5 3 14 4 5
-19 -13 3 -5 -27
3 10 22 4 -3
12 9 20 -2 13
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS Central and Eastern Europe Russian Fed. Baltic States
129 94 19 7
3.8 1.7 -
5.3 3.9 0.8 0.3
8 13 -
3 13 -21 13
-11 -2 -35 -18
10 8 18 11
Middle East
60
2.8
2.4
3
-4
-7
4
Africa South Africa Other Africa
59 11 48
3.3 0.5 3.0
2.4 0.5 2.0
1 3 0
7 5 7
-7 -14 -5
0 6 -2
Latin America
55
1.8
2.2
6
7
-12
3
765
26.8
31.3
6
-2
0
10
European Union (15)
Inter-regional trade
Trade by region
Annual percentage change
Table III.36
Merchandise imports of Western Europe by origin, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value
Share
2000
1990
2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
World
2567
100.0
100.0
4
6
1
5
Intra-Western Europe
1657
69.0
64.6
4
6
1
1
1526
63.2
59.5
4
6
1
0
Asia Japan China Australia and New Zealand Other
332 93 65 11 163
10.0 4.3 0.8 0.5 4.3
12.9 3.6 2.6 0.4 6.3
7 2 16 2 8
9 9 12 7 8
3 3 12 -12 2
11 3 22 7 11
North America United States
228 209
8.2 7.3
8.9 8.1
5 5
6 5
1 2
9 9
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS Central and Eastern Europe Russian Fed. Baltic States
144 84 42 9
3.6 1.6 -
5.6 3.3 1.6 0.3
9 12 -
6 20 -20 21
6 7 4 0
22 10 46 28
Africa South Africa Other Africa
77 15 62
3.9 0.6 3.3
3.0 0.6 2.4
2 4 1
-8 6 -11
0 6 -2
25 15 28
Latin America
49
2.3
1.9
2
1
-2
9
Middle East
48
2.3
1.9
2
-10
7
35
879
30.3
34.3
6
5
3
14
European Union (15)
Inter-regional trade
62
Annual percentage change
Table III.37
Gross domestic product and trade in goods and services in Western Europe, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value
Annual percentage change in volume
GDP 2000
Western Europe a
Exports of goods and services
GDP
8448
1990-00
2.0
1999
2000
2.4
3.4
1990-00
6.4
1999
4.1
Imports of goods and services 2000
11.5
1990-00
5.8
1999
6.1
2000
10.5
Germany
1873
1.9
1.6
3.0
6.0
5.1
13.2
5.9
8.1
10.2
France
1294
1.8
3.2
3.1
6.6
4.0
13.6
5.4
4.0
14.7
United Kingdom
1415
2.2
2.3
3.1
5.7
4.0
8.4
6.0
8.1
9.6
Italy
1074
1.6
1.6
2.9
5.7
0.0
10.2
4.7
5.1
8.3
Spain
559
2.6
4.0
4.1
10.1
6.6
10.8
9.0
11.9
10.4
Netherlands
365
2.9
3.9
3.9
5.8
5.6
9.1
5.5
6.3
9.1
Switzerland
241
0.9
1.5
3.4
3.7
5.9
9.5
4.0
5.5
8.6 11.4
Belgium
227
2.1
2.7
4.0
4.9
5.2
11.8
4.7
4.5
Sweden
227
1.7
4.1
3.6
7.4
5.9
9.8
5.3
4.3
9.7
Turkey
200
3.6
-4.7
7.2
10.8
-7.0
19.3
10.2
-3.7
25.4
Austria
190
2.2
2.8
3.2
5.7
7.6
9.8
5.8
7.1
9.2
Denmark
162
2.3
2.1
2.9
4.3
9.7
9.8
5.2
2.2
10.2
Norway
162
3.3
0.9
2.3
4.8
1.7
2.8
4.2
-3.1
1.2
Finland
122
2.2
4.2
5.7
9.3
7.1
17.7
4.9
4.3
12.8
Greece
112
2.3
3.4
4.1
6.2
6.5
12.3
5.7
3.9
8.7
Portugal
105
2.6
2.8
3.3
5.4
2.5
7.0
7.3
7.0
6.5
Ireland
94
7.1
9.8
11.0
14.7
12.4
20.0
13.0
8.7
18.5
7837
2.0
2.6
3.3
6.4
4.3
11.6
5.8
6.5
10.6
European Union (15) a Excludes the former Yugoslavia.
Trade by region
Memorandum item:
63
Table III.38
Leading merchandise exporters and importers in Western Europe, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Annual percentage change Value
Share
Value
Volume
2000
1990
2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
10.5
Exporters Western Europe
2441.3
100.0
100.0
4
4
0
3
6.5
6.5
4.5
Germany
551.5
25.7
22.6
3
6
0
1
6.0
8.0
4.5
12.5
France
298.1
13.2
12.2
3
6
-1
-1
6.5
6.5
4.0
12.5
United Kingdom
284.1
11.3
11.6
4
-3
-1
6
5.5
1.5
3.5
9.5
Italy
237.8
10.4
9.7
3
2
-4
1
5.5
3.0
0.5
10.5
Netherlands
212.5
8.0
8.7
5
4
0
6
7.0
9.5
5.0
9.0
Belgium
186.1
-
7.6
-
-
-
4
-
-
5.1
9.0
Spain
113.7
3.4
4.7
7
5
1
3
11.0
6.5
6.5
12.5
Sweden
86.9
3.5
3.6
4
2
0
2
7.0
7.0
5.0
10.5
Switzerland
81.5
3.9
3.3
2
4
2
2
4.0
4.5
4.0
10.5
Ireland
79.9
1.5
3.3
13
20
11
12
15.0
24.5
16.5
21.0 11.5
Austria
63.9
2.5
2.6
4
7
3
-1
7.5
8.5
6.0
Norway
60.0
2.1
2.5
6
-17
13
32
7.0
0.5
3.0
6.0
Denmark
49.6
2.3
2.0
3
-1
3
0
5.5
2.0
5.5
6.5
Finland
45.6
1.6
1.9
6
5
-3
9
8.0
9.0
3.5
11.5
Turkey
26.6
0.8
1.1
7
3
-1
0
8.5
6.0
6.5
11.0
2566.9
100.0
100.0
4
6
1
5
6.0
8.0
5.5
10.0
Trade by region
Importers Western Europe Germany
502.8
20.9
19.6
4
6
1
6
6.0
9.0
6.5
12.5
United Kingdom
337.0
13.1
13.1
4
2
2
5
6.0
9.5
7.5
10.0
France
305.4
13.8
11.9
3
7
1
4
6.0
8.5
4.0
13.5
Italy
236.5
10.7
9.2
3
4
1
7
5.0
9.0
7.0
8.5
Netherlands
198.0
7.4
7.7
5
5
2
4
6.0
9.0
4.0
5.0
Belgium
173.0
-
6.7
-
-
-
5
-
-
3.3
7.5
Spain
153.5
5.2
6.0
6
8
9
6
9.5
13.0
14.0
8.5
Switzerland
83.6
4.1
3.3
2
5
0
5
4.0
8.0
8.0
7.0
Sweden
72.8
3.2
2.8
3
5
0
6
6.0
10.0
3.0
12.0
Austria
68.6
2.9
2.7
3
5
2
-2
8.0
14.0
10.5
1.0
Turkey
53.5
1.3
2.1
9
-5
-11
31
10.0
-5.0
1.0
32.5
Ireland
50.9
1.2
2.0
9
14
6
8
10.5
18.0
8.0
13.5
Denmark
44.3
2.0
1.7
3
4
-3
-1
5.5
3.5
1.5
5.5
Portugal
38.2
1.5
1.5
4
10
4
-4
6.0
14.0
8.0
1.0
Norway
34.4
1.6
1.3
2
5
-9
1
5.0
10.5
-3.5
8.5
Memorandum item: European Union (15)
64
Exports
2251.2
92.2
92.2
4
4
0
2
6.5
6.5
5.0
10.5
Imports
2362.0
91.6
92.0
4
6
2
5
6.0
8.5
6.0
9.5
Table III.39
Merchandise trade of the European Union by region and economy, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Exports
Imports
Destination Value 2000
Annual percentage change
Share 1990
2000
1999
Value
2000
Region
Annual percentage change
Share
2000
1990
2000
1999
2000
2362.0
100.0
100.0
2
5
1520.9
69.1
64.4
1
0
Region 2251.2
100.0
100.0
0
2
Western Europe
1525.8
71.6
67.8
1
0
North America
239.0
7.8
10.6
11
13
Asia
311.2
10.1
13.2
5
10
Asia
182.8
7.2
8.1
3
12
North America
212.0
8.2
9.0
2
9
C./E. Europe/ Baltic States/CIS
C./E. Europe/ Baltic States/CIS
World Western Europe
121.6
3.7
5.4
-10
10
126.6
3.4
5.4
6
19
Africa
55.8
3.4
2.5
-7
0
Africa
72.5
4.0
3.1
0
24
Middle East
53.8
2.7
2.4
-8
5
Latin America
46.1
2.3
2.0
-1
9
Latin America
51.6
1.8
2.3
-12
3
Middle East
44.1
2.2
1.9
8
35
1396.4
63.0
59.1
1
0
184.3
7.3
7.8
-2
8
Economies European Union (15)
Economies 1392.3
64.9
61.8
1
0
204.9
6.9
9.1
5
11
United States
Switzerland
61.9
3.7
2.7
0
-1
Japan
86.7
4.3
3.7
4
3
Japan
41.2
2.0
1.8
9
9
China
61.2
0.8
2.6
13
22
Poland
30.6
0.4
1.4
-3
2
Switzerland
51.0
3.0
2.2
-3
-3
United States
Above 5
European Union (15)
1730.9
78.0
76.9
2
1
Above 5
1779.5
78.5
75.3
1
1
China
27.8
0.5
1.2
21
21
Norway
40.2
1.7
1.7
0
34
Turkey
25.9
0.7
1.1
-14
28
Russian Fed.
33.0
-
1.4
2
44
Norway
22.9
1.2
1.0
-12
-5
Taipei, Chinese
24.9
0.8
1.1
4
12
Czech Rep.
21.5
-
1.0
1
13
Korea, Rep. of
23.2
0.6
1.0
12
16
Hungary
19.9
0.3
0.9
-1
9
Poland
21.7
0.5
0.9
3
15
Hong Kong, China
18.3
0.6
0.8
-15
13
Hungary
20.1
0.3
0.8
13
7
Russian Fed.
17.8
-
0.8
-34
18
Czech Rep.
19.7
-
0.8
8
12
Canada
17.3
0.9
0.8
2
6
Hong Kong, China
18.9
0.7
0.8
7
10
Brazil
14.2
0.3
0.6
-15
-1
Canada
17.3
0.8
0.7
-1
18
Korea, Rep. of
14.1
0.5
0.6
20
29
Turkey
16.5
0.5
0.7
6
3
Israel
13.9
0.5
0.6
8
8
Brazil
15.8
0.8
0.7
-6
10
Australia
13.7
0.6
0.6
0
-3
Singapore
15.7
0.4
0.7
-2
7
Singapore
12.9
0.5
0.6
2
6
Malaysia
14.6
0.3
0.6
-2
15
Taipei, Chinese
12.5
0.4
0.6
-8
6
South Africa
14.1
0.6
0.6
7
14
Mexico
12.1
0.3
0.5
7
11
Thailand
12.5
0.3
0.5
5
11
India
11.3
0.5
0.5
4
9
Saudi Arabia
11.8
0.7
0.5
-6
47
South Africa
10.7
0.5
0.5
-14
6
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
11.8
0.7
0.5
17
60
United Arab Emirates
10.4
0.3
0.5
1
6
India
11.8
0.4
0.5
-3
9
Saudi Arabia
10.2
0.7
0.5
-24
1
Algeria
10.7
0.6
0.5
-16
68
Romania
8.7
0.1
0.4
-5
32
Indonesia
10.4
0.2
0.4
-4
7
Malaysia
7.7
0.2
0.3
7
23
Israel
9.4
0.3
0.4
5
12
Slovenia
7.4
-
0.3
-4
3
Australia
7.4
0.4
0.3
-11
7
Egypt
7.3
0.4
0.3
-1
-9
Romania
7.1
0.1
0.3
6
14
Morocco
7.1
0.3
0.3
1
8
Slovak Rep.
6.6
-
0.3
6
2
Tunisia
6.9
0.3
0.3
-2
12
Iran, Islamic Rep. of
6.4
0.5
0.3
7
31
2083.6
-
92.6
-
-
2181.0
-
92.3
-
-
Above 30
Above 30
Trade by region
World
Origin
65
Table III.40
Leading exporters and importers of commercial services in Western Europe, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value
Share
2000
1990
Annual percentage change 2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
7
0
0 -3
Exporters Western Europe
646.4
100.0
100.0
5
United Kingdom
99.9
12.8
15.5
7
8
3
France
81.2
16.0
12.6
2
5
-3
0
Germany
80.0
12.4
12.4
4
2
0
1
Italy
56.7
11.7
8.8
2
0
-9
-6
Spain
53.0
6.7
8.2
7
12
8
0
Netherlands
52.3
6.9
8.1
6
3
5
-1
Belgium-Luxembourg
42.0
6.0
6.5
5
8
10
4
Austria
30.0
5.5
4.6
3
0
6
-3
Switzerland
26.4
4.4
4.1
4
5
2
0
Denmark
20.6
3.1
3.2
5
8
11
22
Sweden
20.0
3.2
3.1
4
1
11
2 19
Turkey
19.2
1.9
3.0
9
21
-30
Ireland
16.6
0.8
2.6
18
…
-7
8
Norway
15.0
3.0
2.3
2
-5
1
8
Greece a
10.2
1.6
1.6
5
9
1
…
614.6
100.0
100.0
5
9
1
1
Importers
Trade by region
Western Europe Germany United Kingdom
132.3
20.2
21.5
5
4
3
0
82.1
11.4
13.4
6
11
6
-1
France
61.5
12.9
10.0
2
6
-6
-2
Italy
55.7
11.9
9.1
2
7
-9
-3
Netherlands
51.1
7.4
8.3
6
6
4
2
Belgium-Luxembourg
38.3
6.2
6.2
5
8
6
6
Spain
30.8
3.9
5.0
7
13
11
2 -1
Austria
29.1
3.6
4.7
8
-4
7
Ireland
28.7
1.3
4.7
19
…
-10
8
Sweden
23.4
4.3
3.8
3
11
4
4 21
Denmark
18.3
2.6
3.0
6
15
-4
Switzerland
15.5
2.8
2.5
3
7
5
-1
Norway
14.5
3.1
2.4
2
-4
3
-1
Finland
8.2
1.9
1.3
1
-5
2
5
Turkey
7.6
0.7
1.2
11
17
-10
-10
Memorandum item: European Union (15) Exports
576.8
88.9
89.2
5
7
1
0
Imports
571.1
89.2
92.9
5
9
1
1
a Includes Secretariat estimates.
66
Table III.41
Trade in commercial services of France, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Exports
Imports
Value
Share
Value
Share
2000
1995
2000
2000
1995
2000
Total commercial services
81.2
100.0
100.0
61.5
100.0
100.0
Transportation
31.8
19.4
24.6
23.9
19.5
32.9
Sea transport
3.8
4.5
4.7
5.0
7.4
8.1
Air transport
9.1
10.7
11.2
8.8
14.5
14.2
Other transport
6.5
9.5
8.0
5.8
10.9
9.4
Travel
30.9
33.2
38.1
17.9
25.4
29.1
Other commercial services
39.1
30.8
42.2
38.0
24.1
41.7
Communication services
1.3
0.6
1.6
1.1
0.6
1.9
Construction services
2.9
3.7
3.5
1.5
1.6
2.5
Insurance services
1.3
2.2
1.6
-0.3
2.4
-0.5
Financial services
1.3
3.1
1.6
1.5
3.6
2.4
Computer and information services
0.8
0.4
1.0
0.7
0.8
1.2
Royalties and licence fees
2.3
2.2
2.8
2.1
3.6
3.3
19.3
28.5
23.8
15.5
27.0
25.2
1.6
1.4
2.0
2.0
2.1
3.2
Other business services
Trade by region
Personal, cultural, and recreational services
Table III.42
Trade in commercial services of Germany, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Exports Value
Imports Share
Value
Share
2000
1995
2000
2000
1995
2000
Total commercial services
80.0
100.0
100.0
132.3
100.0
100.0
Transportation
19.4
26.0
24.3
25.0
19.6
18.9
Sea transport
7.6
8.2
9.5
8.9
6.1
6.7
Air transport
8.3
12.6
10.4
6.5
6.5
4.9
Other transport
3.5
5.2
4.4
9.6
7.0
7.3
Travel
17.6
23.8
22.0
47.1
41.6
35.6
Other commercial services
43.0
50.2
53.7
60.2
38.7
45.5
Communication services
1.4
2.7
1.8
3.1
2.4
2.4
Construction services
3.6
7.0
4.4
4.7
4.7
3.6
Insurance services
2.1
1.7
2.6
1.5
1.2
1.2
Financial services
4.1
3.2
5.1
3.3
0.4
2.5
Computer and information services
3.7
1.9
4.6
4.8
1.6
3.7
Royalties and licence fees
2.8
4.2
3.5
5.5
4.7
4.1
25.1
29.3
31.4
34.0
22.2
25.7
0.2
0.2
0.3
3.2
1.6
2.4
Other business services Personal, cultural, and recreational services
67
Table III.43
Trade in commercial services of Italy, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Exports Value
Share
Value
Share
2000
1995
2000
2000
1995
2000
56.7
100.0
100.0
55.7
100.0
100.0
Transportation
8.9
17.7
15.6
13.7
24.5
24.6
Sea transport
4.1
7.5
7.3
6.9
11.9
12.4
Air transport
3.0
6.1
5.3
4.2
7.2
7.5
Other transport
1.8
4.1
3.1
2.7
5.4
4.8
Travel
27.4
47.0
48.4
15.4
27.2
27.7
Other commercial services
47.7
Total commercial services
20.4
35.3
36.0
26.6
48.4
Communication services
1.3
0.5
2.2
1.9
1.1
3.5
Construction services
1.3
5.2
2.4
1.1
2.8
2.1
Insurance services
0.6
2.3
1.0
1.0
1.6
1.8
Financial services
1.9
4.3
3.3
1.4
8.2
2.5
Computer and information services
0.4
0.3
0.8
0.9
0.8
1.7
Royalties and licence fees
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
2.1
2.1
13.8
21.5
24.3
17.8
29.7
31.9
0.5
0.6
1.0
1.2
2.0
2.1
Other business services Personal, cultural, and recreational services
Trade by region
Imports
Table III.44
Trade in commercial services of the United Kingdom, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Exports Value
Imports Share
Value
Share
2000
1995
2000
2000
1995
2000
Total commercial services
99.9
100.0
100.0
82.1
100.0
100.0
Transportation
26.8
18.2
21.6
18.2
22.0
28.4
Sea transport
6.1
9.0
6.1
6.9
11.1
8.4
Air transport
10.8
11.2
10.8
13.4
15.8
16.3
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.7
1.5
2.1
Travel
21.7
27.5
21.7
38.0
41.8
46.3
Other commercial services
Other transport
60.0
50.9
60.1
22.1
29.8
26.9
Communication services
2.3
2.1
2.3
2.3
3.5
2.8
Construction services
0.1
…
0.1
0.1
…
0.1
Insurance services
4.3
6.0
4.3
1.0
1.3
1.2
12.7
9.5
12.7
0.3
0.5
0.4
Financial services a Computer and information services
3.4
1.7
3.4
1.5
0.8
1.9
Royalties and licence fees
7.2
7.5
7.2
6.0
8.3
7.3
28.0
24.1
28.1
10.0
15.4
12.1
1.9
…
1.9
1.0
…
1.2
Other business services Personal, cultural, and recreational services
a The service earnings of financial institutions are recorded net of their foreign expenses. Imports of financial services only cover imports by non-financial institutions.
68
5. Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic States and the CIS (transition economies) Table III.45
Table III.46
Merchandise trade of the Central and Eastern Europe,
Merchandise trade of the C./E. Europe, the Baltic States
the Baltic States and the CIS, 2000
and the CIS by region and by major product group, 2000
(Billion dollars and percentage)
(Billion dollars and percentage) Exports
Imports
Value
Value
271
242
Share in world merchandise trade
4.4
3.7
Annual percentage change
Share
Exports
Total
Exports
271
Imports
100.0
100.0
2.8
Region
Value 1980-85 a
0
-1
1985-90 a
3
5
1990-00
7
5
1998
-4
-1
1999
0
-12
2000
26
13
North America
12
4.2
Latin America
6
2.3
1.2
147
54.1
56.6
Western Europe C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
72
26.6
31.5
Africa
3
1.0
0.5
Middle East
7
2.4
0.7
20
7.6
6.7
Asia
Product group
Volume 1990-00
5.5
4.0
Agricultural products
24
8.9
10.7
1998
6.0
5.5
Mining products
93
34.3
15.0
1999
-2.0
-9.0
Manufactures
147
54.2
72.0
2000
17.0
15.5
Note: Import shares are derived from the Secretariat’s network of world merchandise trade by product and region.
Trade by region
a Includes the former German Democratic Republic.
Chart III.11
Chart III.12
Merchandise trade of the Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic States and the CIS, 1990-00
Share of the Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic States and the CIS in world merchandise trade, 1990-00
(Billion dollars)
(Percentage based on value data)
5
300
250 Imports
Imports Exports
Exports 4
200
150
3
100
50
2
0 90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
Note: New valuation in 1990 and change in area definition in 1992 and 1996.
00
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
Note: New valuation in 1990 and change in area definition in 1992 and 1996.
69
Table III.47
Merchandise exports of the C./E. Europe, the Baltic States and the CIS by major product group and main destination, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value
Share
Annual percentage change
2000
1996
2000
1997
1998
1999
2000
Central and Eastern Europe Total merchandise World
116.0
100.0
100.0
8
11
1
14
Western Europe
85.8
65.3
74.0
9
19
6
14
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
19.2
23.4
16.6
9
-4
-18
14
Manufactures World
95.2
100.0
100.0
10
16
1
14
Western Europe
73.0
67.7
76.7
12
24
6
14
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
13.5
21.0
14.1
10
-1
-19
13
Mining products World
9.6
100.0
100.0
3
-11
-2
31
Western Europe
6.5
66.5
68.3
3
-8
-2
31
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
2.4
25.4
25.5
5
-11
-4
33
Agricultural products World
9.6
100.0
100.0
3
-4
-10
1
Western Europe
5.4
53.0
56.3
-3
-1
3
-3
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
2.9
36.6
30.0
12
-10
-30
4
Baltic States Total merchandise World
8.9
100.0
100.0
23
3
-19
24
Western Europe
5.8
43.5
65.1
25
21
0
28
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
2.5
52.6
28.2
19
-13
-44
19
Trade by region
Manufactures World
5.7
100.0
100.0
21
6
-16
24
Western Europe
4.0
47.2
70.4
22
25
0
30
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
1.3
48.1
23.6
18
-14
-44
15
Mining products World
1.3
100.0
100.0
33
-1
-25
61
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
0.6
73.3
50.2
31
-8
-41
55
Western Europe
0.5
25.5
42.3
35
8
0
81
6
Agricultural products World
1.8
100.0
100.0
24
0
-21
Western Europe
1.2
42.2
65.4
34
13
-1
9
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
0.5
54.7
26.9
14
-15
-46
-2
Commonwealth of Independent States Total merchandise World
146.1
100.0
100.0
1
-14
-1
38
Western Europe
55.1
33.1
37.7
7
-12
1
43
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
50.4
42.6
34.5
-1
-18
-14
38
Manufactures World
45.8
100.0
100.0
-2
-4
-9
23
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
19.2
49.2
41.8
-9
-10
-17
33
Western Europe
10.2
17.1
22.2
8
26
-16
20
Mining products World
82.2
100.0
100.0
4
-17
5
54
Western Europe
40.1
45.8
48.9
6
-18
9
58
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
25.5
39.8
31.0
7
-19
-11
44
Agricultural products World
12.7
100.0
100.0
-7
-19
-5
18
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
5.3
48.9
41.5
-12
-27
-12
29
Asia
3.4
19.4
26.6
6
-23
28
12
a The figures are affected by breaks in the continuity of the data series. See the Technical Notes.
70
Table III.48
Leading merchandise exporters and importers in the Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic States and the CIS, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value
Share 2000
1996
Annual percentage change 2000
1998
1999
2000
Exporters C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
271.0
100.0
100.0
-4
0
26
105.2
41.5
38.8
-15
1
39
Poland
31.7
11.4
11.7
3
-3
15
Czech Rep.
29.0
10.3
10.7
16
2
11
Hungary
28.1
7.4
10.4
20
9
12
Ukraine
14.6
6.7
5.4
-11
-8
26
Slovak Rep.
11.9
4.1
4.4
11
-4
16
Romania
10.4
3.8
3.8
-2
2
22
Kazakhstan
9.1
2.8
3.4
-16
3
64
Belarus
7.4
2.6
2.7
-3
-16
25
Bulgaria
4.7
2.3
1.7
-13
-8
20
241.6
100.0
100.0
-1
-12
13
Poland
48.9
16.1
20.3
11
-2
7
Russian Fed.
45.5
29.9
18.8
-19
-32
12
Czech Rep. a
32.2
12.0
13.3
6
0
15
Hungary
32.1
7.9
13.3
21
9
15
Ukraine
14.0
7.6
5.8
-14
-19
18
Romania
13.1
5.0
5.4
5
-12
26
Slovak Rep. a
12.7
4.8
5.2
12
-14
12
Belarus
8.5
3.0
3.5
-2
-22
27
Bulgaria
6.4
2.2
2.7
1
10
18
Lithuania
5.5
2.0
2.3
3
-17
13
Exports
116.0
39.4
42.8
11
1
14
Imports
146.4
48.5
60.6
11
-1
13
Exports
8.9
3.2
3.3
3
-13
24
Imports
12.9
4.4
5.3
8
-14
15
Exports
146.1
57.4
53.9
-14
-1
38
Imports
82.2
47.1
34.0
-15
-26
15
Russian Fed.
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
Trade by region
Importers
Memorandum item: Central and Eastern Europe
Baltic States
CIS
a Imports are valued f.o.b.
71
Table III.49
Merchandise exports of selected Central and Eastern European countries by region, major trading partner, and major product group, 1998-00 (Million dollars and percentage) Origin Destination
Bulgaria
Czech Rep.
Slovak Rep.
Hungary
Poland a
Romania
Value Total
1998 1999 2000
4300 3935 4725
26350 26240 29000
10720 10275 11905
23005 25015 28090
28230 27405 31650
8300 8505 10365
Share in total Region and major trading partner North America
1998 1999 2000
3.2 4.4 4.6
2.5 2.7 3.0
1.4 1.6 1.6
4.8 5.3 5.4
3.0 3.1 3.7
4.6 4.0 4.0
Latin America
1998 1999 2000
1.4 1.0 0.8
0.7 0.5 0.6
0.5 0.6 0.5
0.8 0.5 0.6
1.0 1.2 1.2
1.7 1.0 0.8
Western Europe
1998 1999 2000
64.2 69.2 73.5
68.4 73.3 72.8
59.9 63.5 63.6
78.0 80.9 80.3
70.9 73.9 73.2
72.4 74.6 73.9
1998 1999 2000
50.4 52.1 51.2
64.2 69.2 68.6
55.6 59.4 59.1
72.9 76.2 75.2
68.3 70.5 70.0
64.5 65.5 63.8
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
1998 1999 2000
17.2 13.1 10.1
24.0 19.5 19.1
36.4 31.8 31.9
13.0 9.8 9.7
20.9 17.1 17.3
9.2 9.8 11.5
Central and Eastern Europe
1998 1999 2000
4.8 4.1 3.9
19.2 16.4 15.9
31.7 28.9 29.2
8.1 6.8 7.2
7.1 7.8 8.0
5.0 6.6 7.7
Russian Fed.
1998 1999 2000
5.3 4.7 2.5
2.5 1.4 1.3
1.9 1.0 0.9
3.2 1.8 1.6
5.7 2.6 2.7
1.0 0.6 0.9
Africa
1998 1999 2000
3.0 2.8 1.6
0.7 0.6 0.5
0.4 0.5 0.5
0.6 0.4 0.4
1.1 1.4 1.2
4.4 3.8 3.6
Middle East
1998 1999 2000
3.1 2.8 2.4
1.3 1.2 1.3
0.5 0.5 0.4
0.8 0.8 0.7
1.3 0.7 1.0
5.3 4.1 3.3
Asia
1998 1999 2000
4.8 4.0 4.2
2.1 2.0 2.6
0.7 1.1 1.3
1.9 2.3 2.6
1.7 2.3 2.1
2.3 2.5 2.8
Agricultural products
1998 1999 2000
18.9 18.5 12.4
7.2 6.7 6.6
6.5 6.5 5.5
12.9 10.0 8.7
12.6 11.0 9.6
9.0 10.4 8.0
Mining products
1998 1999 2000
14.9 17.9 26.5
5.1 4.7 4.9
7.2 8.2 10.4
4.3 3.7 4.1
10.1 10.3 10.3
9.6 10.3 14.7
Manufactures
1998 1999 2000
62.1 60.2 59.9
87.3 88.1 88.1
86.0 84.8 83.6
82.7 86.3 87.2
77.1 78.6 80.0
80.6 78.3 76.7
Trade by region
European Union (15)
Major product group
a New arrangements in customs procedures beginning with 1998. See the Technical Notes.
72
Table III.50
Merchandise imports of selected Central and Eastern European countries by region, major trading partner and major product group, 1998-00 (Million dollars and percentage) Destination Origin
Bulgaria
Czech
Slovak
Rep. a
Rep. a
Hungary
Poland b
Romania
Value Total
1998
4960
28790
13075
25705
47055
11840
1999 2000
5470 6440
28075 32180
11265 12670
28010 32080
45910 48940
10395 13055
Share in total
North America
1998 1999 2000
4.2 3.7 3.2
4.1 4.4 4.7
3.2 2.8 2.2
4.3 3.7 4.1
4.3 4.0 4.8
4.8 3.8 3.4
Latin America
1998 1999 2000
4.1 3.6 5.8
0.8 0.7 0.9
0.6 0.6 0.5
1.6 1.7 1.3
1.4 1.2 1.3
2.1 1.9 2.3
Western Europe
1998 1999 2000
51.1 54.1 49.9
66.6 67.6 65.6
52.8 54.3 51.5
67.3 67.4 61.3
69.2 68.5 64.5
62.4 65.3 61.2
1998 1999 2000
45.2 48.4 44.1
63.3 64.2 61.9
50.1 51.7 49.0
64.1 64.4 58.5
66.0 65.0 61.2
57.7 60.4 56.6
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
1998 1999 2000
30.4 29.5 36.1
18.9 17.4 19.4
36.2 35.7 39.0
14.2 13.5 16.1
12.9 14.0 18.3
20.4 18.1 21.5
Central and Eastern Europe
1998 1999 2000
5.2 6.0 8.3
12.2 11.4 11.3
23.5 22.0 20.1
6.5 6.6 7.0
6.0 6.2 6.6
8.8 8.5 8.5
Russian Fed.
1998 1999 2000
20.2 20.1 24.3
5.5 4.8 6.4
10.4 12.0 17.0
6.5 5.9 8.1
5.0 5.8 9.4
9.0 6.8 8.6
Africa
1998 1999 2000
1.0 1.6 0.5
0.6 0.6 0.7
0.3 0.3 0.3
0.5 0.4 0.4
1.1 0.9 0.6
0.7 0.8 0.6
Middle East
1998 1999 2000
2.6 0.9 0.3
0.4 0.4 0.3
0.2 0.2 0.2
0.3 0.3 0.3
0.4 0.5 0.4
2.0 1.3 1.0
Asia
1998 1999 2000
5.9 4.4 4.0
7.1 7.3 7.4
5.2 5.3 5.4
11.8 12.9 16.5
10.6 10.7 9.8
7.5 8.3 9.7
Agricultural products
1998 1999 2000
10.2 8.4 7.5
8.6 7.8 7.0
8.1 8.3 7.4
6.1 4.8 4.4
9.7 9.0 8.2
9.9 8.8 8.4
Mining products
1998 1999 2000
27.4 26.2 32.1
10.3 9.8 13.3
14.4 16.4 21.1
9.5 8.6 11.1
9.0 9.8 13.6
15.3 13.3 16.0
Manufactures
1998 1999 2000
60.1 63.9 58.7
81.0 82.3 79.7
77.3 75.2 71.4
84.3 86.6 84.4
80.2 81.0 77.9
72.8 77.0 75.2
European Union (15)
Trade by region
Region and major trading partner
Major product group
a Imports are valued f.o.b. b New arrangements in customs procedures beginning with 1998. See the Technical Notes.
73
Table III.51
Relative importance of inter-regional trade in the total merchandise trade of the Baltic States, 2000 (Million dollars and percentage) Exports
Imports
Value
World
All other countries
Baltic States
8850
1215
7635
Estonia
3175
315
Latvia
1865
240
Lithuania
3810
660
Baltic States
Value
All other countries
13.7
86.3
2860
9.9
90.1
1625
12.9
87.1
3150
17.3
82.7
World
Baltic States
Baltic States
Share All other countries
12900
960
11940
Estonia
4255
180
Latvia
3190
440
Lithuania
5455
340
Baltic States
All other countries
7.4
92.6
4075
4.2
95.8
2750
13.8
86.2
5115
6.2
93.8
Trade by region
Baltic States
Share
Table III.52
Relative importance of inter-regional trade in the total merchandise trade of the CIS, 2000 (Million dollars and percentage) Exports
Imports
Value
World
CIS Armenia
All other countries
CIS
29710
CIS
Value
All other countries
116430
20.3
79.7
CIS
Share All other countries
World
CIS
82205
33525
CIS
All other countries
48680
40.8
59.2
300
75
225
25.0
75.0
Armenia
885
165
720
18.6
81.4
Azerbaijan
1750
235
1515
13.4
86.6
Azerbaijan
1390
375
1015
27.0
73.0
Belarus
7380
4465
2915
60.5
39.5
Belarus
8485
6015
2470
70.9
29.1
Georgia
330
135
195
40.9
59.1
Georgia
725
250
475
34.5
65.5
Kazakhstan
9140
2340
6800
25.6
74.4
Kazakhstan
5050
2535
2515
50.2
49.8
Kyrgyz Rep.
505
205
300
40.6
59.4
Kyrgyz Rep.
555
300
255
54.1
45.9
Moldova, Rep. of
470
275
195
58.5
41.5
Moldova, Rep. of
775
245
530
31.6
68.4
105200
14600
90600
13.9
86.1
Russian Fed.
45500
13695
31805
30.1
69.9
780
370
410
47.4
52.6
Tajikistan
675
560
115
83.0
17.0
2700
1500
1200
55.6
44.4
Turkmenistan
1400
460
940
32.9
67.1
14575
4490
10085
30.8
69.2
Ukraine
13955
8025
5930
57.5
42.5
3010
1020
1990
33.9
66.1
Uzbekistan
2810
900
1910
32.0
68.0
Russian Fed. Tajikistan Turkmenistan Ukraine Uzbekistan
74
146140
Share
Table III.53
Merchandise exports of selected economies to the CIS, 1998-00 (Million dollars)
Destination
European Union (15) 1998
Commonwealth of Independent States
1999
Central and Eastern Europe 2000
1998
1999
Turkey 2000
1998
21450
24769
6645
4005
4415
Armenia
175
180
193
31
25
19
0
0
0
Azerbaijan
360
222
269
71
45
51
325
248
230
Belarus
1277
1042
999
377
328
378
8
5
12
Georgia
303
175
230
171
115
114
161
114
131
Kazakhstan
1374
1011
1116
204
117
135
213
97
116
Kyrgyz Rep.
93
76
48
10
6
7
41
23
20
Moldova, Rep. of
Tajikistan Turkmenistan Ukraine Uzbekistan
Commonwealth of Independent States Armenia
1636
320
262
295
283
187
232
28
21
26
22795
15083
17821
3520
1885
2015
1348
589
639
46
33
33
16
15
3
10
5
4
177
218
148
13
17
31
96
107
119
3783
2626
3169
1873
1198
1364
274
226
256
655
522
446
77
67
64
156
99
82
Origin Destination
1533
2000
31358
Russian Fed.
2659
1999
United States 1998
1999
4625
2844
Japan 2000
3118
1998
1222
China
1999
2000
1998
1999
2000
755
792
2400
2233
3183 1
51
50
56
2
1
2
1
12
123
55
210
19
36
8
1
1
2
Belarus
30
26
31
11
4
3
6
5
41
Georgia
137
83
110
3
7
4
6
2
2
Kazakhstan
103
179
124
53
61
69
205
494
599
Kyrgyz Rep.
21
21
23
1
6
4
172
103
110
Azerbaijan
Moldova, Rep. of
21
11
27
1
3
1
0
0
0
3585
1845
2092
978
480
570
1840
1497
2233
Tajikistan
12
13
12
5
3
1
11
2
7
Turkmenistan
28
18
84
8
14
56
10
7
12
Ukraine
368
204
191
74
54
51
90
81
136
Uzbekistan
147
339
158
67
86
25
57
27
39
Russian Fed.
Trade by region
Origin
75
Table III.54
Merchandise imports of selected economies from the CIS, 1998-00 (Million dollars) Destination Origin
European Union (15) 1998
Commonwealth of Independent States
27506
28719
41348
1998
11230
1999
10680
2000
16700
1998
3724
1999
3734
2000
5682
72
93
113
1
0
0
0
0
0
Azerbaijan
60
484
919
5
19
10
50
44
96
Belarus
532
570
679
300
181
309
21
21
18
Georgia
69
117
280
4
6
4
91
93
155
Kazakhstan
1052
1750
2917
88
227
516
254
296
346
Kyrgyz Rep.
211
134
123
15
65
8
7
3
2
Moldova, Rep. of
133
145
180
75
13
54
12
11
7
22306
22615
32951
9080
8840
14145
2155
2374
3880
95
57
48
20
39
43
8
4
16
Tajikistan Turkmenistan Ukraine Uzbekistan
138
264
201
26
26
26
42
67
98
2309
2076
2506
1433
1127
1499
989
774
977
529
414
433
182
136
86
96
47
86
Destination Origin
Commonwealth of Independent States Armenia
Trade by region
2000
Turkey
Armenia
Russian Fed.
Azerbaijan Belarus Georgia Kazakhstan Kyrgyz Rep. Moldova, Rep. of Russian Fed. Tajikistan Turkmenistan Ukraine Uzbekistan
76
1999
Central and Eastern Europe
United States 1998
1999
Japan 2000
1998
China
1999
2000
1998
1999
2000
7112
7165
9629
3142
4020
4917
4338
5282
7367
17
16
24
6
1
0
0
0
4
5
28
22
0
0
1
0
0
4
113
100
107
10
6
8
11
21
73
15
19
33
1
1
2
2
1
2
178
240
443
120
87
91
431
644
958 67
0
1
2
1
1
1
26
32
120
98
109
0
0
0
1
0
8
6008
6017
7908
2892
3767
4579
3641
4223
5770
33
24
9
0
0
1
8
6
10
3
9
29
0
0
1
2
2
4
585
586
901
73
124
154
185
340
455
35
27
43
40
34
79
32
13
12
6. Africa Table III.55
Table III.56
Merchandise trade of Africa, 2000
Merchandise trade of Africa by region and by major product group, 2000
(Billion dollars and percentage)
(Billion dollars and percentage) Exports
Value
Imports
Value
145
137
Share in world merchandise trade
2.3
2.1
Exports
Total a
Annual percentage change
Share Exports
Imports
145
100.0
100.0
North America
26
18.3
10.0
Latin America
4
3.1
2.6
72
49.6
49.0
1
0.8
2.3
11
7.6
9.1
Region
Africa 1980-85 1985-90 1990-00 1998 1999 2000
-8 5 3 -17 10 27
-6 6 4 1 -3 7
Western Europe C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS Africa
South Africa 1980-85 1985-90 1990-00 1998 1999 2000
-9 8 3 -9 1 12
-10 10 5 -9 -9 11
Middle East Asia
-6 6 3 4 -1 5
8.6 18.4
Agricultural products
19
12.9
15.1
Mining products
86
59.7
13.9
Manufactures
36
24.6
68.4
a Includes significant exports of unspecified products. Note: Import shares are derived from the Secretariat’s network of world merchandise trade by product and region.
Trade by region
-7 4 3 -18 12 31
1.5 17.1
Product group
Other Africa 1980-85 1985-90 1990-00 1998 1999 2000
2 25
Chart III.13
Chart III.14
Merchandise trade of Africa, 1990-00
Share of Africa in world merchandise trade, 1990-00
(Billion dollars)
(Percentage based on value data)
160
5
140 4 120 Exports
Exports
100
3 Imports
80
Imports 2
60
40 1 20
0
0 90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
77
Table III.57
Merchandise exports of Africa by major product group and main destination, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value
Share
Annual percentage change
2000
1990
2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
Total merchandise a World
144.7
100.0
100.0
3
-17
10
27
Western Europe
71.8
57.5
49.6
2
-11
4
24
North America
26.4
15.2
18.3
5
-21
6
58
Asia
24.8
7.7
17.1
12
-28
34
27
Mining products World
86.5
100.0
100.0
5
-28
24
55
Western Europe
38.4
61.5
44.4
1
-26
14
55
North America
21.7
24.7
25.1
5
-28
9
72
Asia
15.8
5.9
18.3
17
-36
68
51
35.6
100.0
100.0
6
-2
1
13
21.1
62.1
59.3
5
3
3
12
Africa
5.2
11.6
14.7
8
-7
-6
8
North America
3.7
5.9
10.4
12
12
0
24
18.6
100.0
100.0
1
0
-5
-17
10.4
61.1
56.0
0
4
-8
-12
Asia
3.4
15.1
18.2
3
-12
4
-12
Africa
1.8
11.8
9.7
-1
-7
-7
-25
Manufactures World Western Europe
Agricultural products World Western Europe
Trade by region
a Includes significant exports of unspecified products.
Table III.58
Merchandise exports of Africa by destination, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value
Share
2000
World Western Europe
100.0
2000
100.0
1990-00
3
1998
1999
2000
-17
10
27
71.8
57.5
49.6
2
-11
4
24
67.6
52.1
46.7
2
-11
5
25
North America
26.4
15.2
18.3
5
-21
6
58
Asia
24.8
7.7
17.1
12
-28
34
27
Japan
4.0
3.0
2.7
3
-20
-1
21
Other
20.8
4.7
14.4
15
-30
44
28
11.0
5.9
7.6
6
-12
3
12
4.4
1.5
3.1
11
-14
19
34
European Union (15)
Intra-Africa Latin America Middle East
2.1
1.5
1.5
3
-10
4
4
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
1.2
2.2
0.8
-7
-3
-13
-14
130.7
85.6
90.3
4
-16
9
30
Inter-regional trade
78
144.7
1990
Annual percentage change
Table III.59
Leading merchandise exporters and importers in Africa, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value 2000
Share 1980
1990
Annual percentage change 1995
2000
1990-00
1998
1999
-17
10
2000
Exporters Africa
144.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
3
27
South Africa a
30.0
21.1
22.6
26.0
20.7
3
-9
1
12
Nigeria
20.1
21.5
13.1
10.9
13.9
4
-36
32
57
Algeria
19.6
11.5
12.4
9.6
13.5
4
-29
27
56
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
14.2
18.1
13.3
8.4
9.8
0
-31
16
84
Angola
7.9
1.6
3.8
3.4
5.4
7
-29
46
52
Morocco
7.4
2.1
4.1
4.4
5.1
6
2
3
1
Tunisia
5.9
1.8
3.4
5.1
4.0
5
3
2
0
Egypt
4.7
2.5
2.5
3.2
3.2
6
-20
14
32
Côte d'Ivoire
4.0
2.6
3.0
3.4
2.8
3
3
-1
-11
Gabon
3.4
1.8
2.1
2.5
2.3
4
-37
25
40
Botswana
2.7
0.4
1.7
2.0
1.8
4
-31
36
1
Congo
2.5
0.8
0.9
1.1
1.7
10
-12
6
60
Cameroon
1.9
1.1
1.9
1.5
1.3
-1
-10
-4
17
Sudan
1.8
0.4
0.4
0.5
1.2
17
0
31
132
Kenya
1.7
1.0
1.0
1.8
1.2
5
-2
-13
-1
137.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
4
1
-3
7
Africa South Africa a
29.7
20.2
19.4
24.4
21.7
5
-9
-9
11
Egypt
14.0
5.0
9.7
9.4
10.2
4
22
-1
-13
Nigeria
12.9
17.2
5.9
7.4
9.4
9
-3
4
24
Morocco
11.5
4.3
7.2
6.8
8.4
5
8
-4
16
Algeria
9.2
10.9
10.3
8.2
6.7
-1
8
-3
0
Tunisia
8.6
3.7
5.8
6.3
6.2
4
6
1
1
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
7.7
7.0
5.6
4.3
5.7
4
-11
-21
80
Angola
3.4
1.4
1.7
1.4
2.5
8
-9
50
7
Kenya
3.1
2.2
2.2
2.4
2.3
4
-3
-11
10
Côte d'Ivoire
3.1
3.1
2.2
2.4
2.3
4
8
9
-5
Ghana
3.1
1.2
1.3
1.5
2.2
10
10
37
-12
Botswana
2.2
0.7
2.1
1.5
1.6
1
6
-8
2
Mauritius
2.1
0.6
1.7
1.6
1.5
3
-5
8
-7
Uganda
1.7
0.3
0.2
0.8
1.2
23
7
-5
23
Zimbabwe
1.7
1.5
1.9
2.1
1.2
-1
-13
-21
-22
Trade by region
Importers
a Beginning with 1998, figures refer to South Africa only and no longer to the Southern African Customs Union. Note: Recent figures for a number of traders in the region have been estimated by the Secretariat.
79
Table III.60
Merchandise exports of the European Union to developing countries in Africa by product, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value
Share
2000
1990
Annual percentage change 2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
Total merchandise exports
45.1
100.0
100.0
0
6
-6
-1
Manufactures
34.8
79.0
77.2
0
5
-4
-3 -1
Machinery and transport equipment
18.1
41.4
40.2
0
6
-2
Power generating machinery
1.1
1.7
2.4
4
30
-6
6
Other non-electrical machinery
6.1
15.5
13.6
-1
4
-5
-12
Office and telecom equipment
3.5
4.6
7.8
6
26
13
14
Electrical machinery and apparatus
2.4
4.2
5.3
3
10
1
-6
Automotive products
3.3
9.8
7.4
-3
2
-4
-2
Other transport equipment
1.7
5.6
3.8
-4
-18
-11
21
Chemicals
5.3
11.6
11.7
0
6
-5
-5
Other semi-manufactures
3.4
8.9
7.5
-1
1
-5
-7
Textiles
3.1
5.1
6.9
3
12
-3
-5
Iron and steel
1.1
4.5
2.4
-6
1
-32
2
6.7
15.6
14.9
0
8
-14
2
5.9
13.7
13.0
0
10
-13
2
2.7
4.0
5.9
4
-5
-4
49
2.1
2.6
4.7
7
-12
0
69
Agricultural products Food
Mining products Fuels
Trade by region
Note: The European Union accounted for 48 per cent of developing Africa’s merchandise imports in 2000. Developing Africa is defined as Africa less South Africa.
Table III.61
Merchandise imports of the European Union from developing countries in Africa by product, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value 2000
Share 1990
Annual percentage change 2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
Total merchandise imports
58.4
100.0
100.0
1
-10
-2
27
Mining products
33.8
62.3
57.8
0
-25
10
63
31.9
55.5
54.7
1
-27
12
68
Ores and other minerals
1.2
3.1
2.0
-3
0
-3
-2
Non-ferrous metals
0.7
3.7
1.1
-10
-5
-12
9
14.6
16.9
25.0
5
4
-1
2
Fuels
Manufactures Clothing
6.5
6.3
11.2
7
10
-1
1
Other semi-manufactures
2.8
3.8
4.8
3
-16
9
0
Agricultural products
9.9
17.8
17.0
1
5
-7
-9
Food
7.6
13.0
13.0
1
5
-5
-11
Raw materials
2.3
4.8
3.9
-1
5
-13
2
Note: The European Union accounted for 48 per cent of developing Africa’s merchandise exports in 2000. Developing Africa is defined as Africa less South Africa.
80
7. Middle East Table III.62
Table III.63
Merchandise trade of the Middle East, 2000
Merchandise trade of the Middle East by region and by major product group, 2000
(Billion dollars and percentage)
(Billion dollars and percentage) Exports
Value
Imports
Share
Exports
Value
263
Share in world merchandise trade
171
4.2
Total North America Latin America Western Europe C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS Africa Middle East Asia
Annual percentage change -3
1985-90
6
2
1990-00
7
6
1998
-21
-1
1999
28
1
2000
46
14
263
100.0
100.0
41 3 48 2 10 17 126
15.7 1.2 18.2 0.6 3.9 6.3 47.9
13.5 1.9 39.6 4.3 1.4 11.0 28.2
6 196 57
2.4 74.7 21.7
13.1 8.8 74.6
Product group Agricultural products Mining products Manufactures
Note: Import shares are derived from the Secretariat’s network of world merchandise trade by product and region.
Trade by region
-14
Imports
Region
2.6
1980-85
Exports
Chart III.15
Chart III.16
Merchandise trade of the Middle East, 1990-00
Share of the Middle East in world merchandise trade, 1990-00
(Billion dollars)
(Percentage based on value data)
280
5 Exports
240 4 200
Exports 3
160
Imports 120
2
Imports 80
1 40
0
0 90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
81
Table III.64
Merchandise exports of the Middle East by major product group and main destination, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value
Share
Annual percentage change
2000
1990
2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
World
262.6
100.0
100.0
7
-21
28
46
Asia
125.7
39.8
47.9
9
-31
29
62
Western Europe
47.9
26.9
18.2
3
-11
11
35
North America
41.3
14.0
15.7
8
-6
36
55
Middle East
16.6
6.3
6.3
7
-10
7
30
World
196.0
100.0
100.0
6
-29
35
58
Asia
113.4
45.3
57.9
9
-31
29
67
Western Europe
29.7
25.0
15.1
1
-21
17
47
North America
24.6
14.1
12.6
5
-21
56
70
World
57.0
100.0
100.0
11
2
15
24
Western Europe
16.0
32.5
28.1
9
9
4
24
North America
15.3
16.4
26.9
17
18
15
40
Asia
10.2
19.6
17.9
10
-23
27
29
7.8
18.3
13.7
8
3
5
24
6.4
100.0
100.0
4
-11
9
-8
Total merchandise
Mining products
Manufactures
Middle East
Agriculture
Trade by region
World
Table III.65
Merchandise exports of the Middle East by destination, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value
Share
2000
World
2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
262.6
100.0
100.0
7
-21
28
46
125.7
39.8
47.9
9
-31
29
62
Japan
46.0
20.9
17.5
5
-32
21
63
Other
79.8
18.9
30.4
12
-29
34
62
47.9
26.9
18.2
3
-11
11
35
44.0
24.0
16.8
3
-9
12
36
North America
41.3
14.0
15.7
8
-6
36
55
Intra-Middle East
16.6
6.3
6.3
7
-10
7
30
Africa
Asia
Western Europe European Union (15)
10.3
3.1
3.9
10
-5
15
45
Latin America
3.2
3.7
1.2
-4
-25
-4
40
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
1.6
2.5
0.6
-8
-14
-16
-1
230.0
90.1
87.6
7
-21
23
53
Inter-regional trade
82
1990
Annual percentage change
Table III.66
Imports of fuels of selected regions and economies from the Middle East, 1990 and 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value
Annual percentage change
1990
2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
67
North America
16.7
24.9
4
-24
51
United States
16.0
23.7
4
-21
52
64
0.7
1.1
5
-58
8
168
28.5
30.6
1
-22
14
55
25.5
28.2
1
-20
15
55
France
5.6
6.8
2
-20
12
62
Italy
4.5
6.4
4
-30
18
76
Netherlands b
4.6
3.8
-2
-29
31
…
Germany
2.8
2.7
0
-24
35
66
2.5
2.2
-1
-42
17
59
50.1
117.5
9
-30
27
67
29.4
47.5
5
-34
20
66
Korea, Rep. of
4.8
24.4
18
-34
28
84
Singapore
6.3
10.5
5
-37
20
46
India b
2.7
8.5
12
33
76
…
Thailand b
1.1
3.6
13
-30
29
…
Taipei, Chinese b
2.8
3.1
1
-32
44
…
Canada a
Western Europe European Union (15)
Turkey
Asia Japan
a Imports are valued f.o.b. b 1999 instead of 2000.
Table III.67 Trade by region
Leading merchandise exporters and importers in the Middle East, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value 2000
Share 1980
1990
Annual percentage change 1995
2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
Exporters Middle East
262.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
7
-21
28
46
Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Israel Iran, Islamic Rep. of Kuwait
84.1 39.9 31.3 30.0 19.5
50.9 10.2 2.6 6.6 9.2
33.1 15.5 9.0 12.6 5.3
34.4 15.3 13.1 11.5 9.5
32.0 15.2 11.9 11.4 7.4
7 7 10 6 11
-36 -9 2 -29 -33
31 15 12 50 28
66 29 21 52 60
Iraq Oman Qatar Bahrain Syrian Arab Republic
19.3 11.3 9.4 5.7 4.3
12.3 1.7 2.6 1.7 1.0
9.2 4.1 2.9 2.8 3.1
0.3 4.2 2.5 2.8 2.4
7.3 4.3 3.6 2.2 1.6
5 7 9 4 0
51 -28 -10 -25 -26
73 31 43 25 20
61 57 30 40 23
171.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
6
-1
1
14
38.1 31.9 30.3 15.2 13.7
9.5 8.5 29.3 11.9 13.6
16.9 11.3 24.3 15.8 7.7
22.6 16.1 21.5 8.6 0.6
22.3 18.6 17.7 8.9 8.0
9 11 2 0 6
-5 -4 4 1 3
13 6 -7 -11 94
15 4 8 20 61
7.6 6.2 5.0 4.6 4.5
6.4 3.6 1.7 3.4 2.3
4.0 2.6 2.7 3.7 2.6
6.0 5.6 3.2 2.8 2.8
4.5 3.6 2.9 2.7 2.7
7 9 7 2 6
5 -5 13 -11 -7
-12 -12 -18 1 -3
0 0 8 29 22
Importers Middle East Israel United Arab Emirates Saudi Arabia Iran, Islamic Rep. of Iraq Kuwait Lebanon Oman Bahrain Jordan
Note: Recent figures for a number of significant traders in the region have been estimated by the Secretariat.
83
8. Asia Table III.68
Table III.69
Merchandise trade of Asia, 2000
Merchandise trade of Asia by region and by major product group, 2000
(Billion dollars and percentage)
(Billion dollars and percentage) Exports
Value
Imports
Value
1649
1481
Share in world merchandise trade
26.7
22.8
Share
Exports
Total
Exports
Imports
1649
100.0
100.0
North America
423
25.6
16.0
Latin America
41
2.5
1.5
278
16.8
13.9
Annual percentage change Region
Value 1980-85
5
2
1985-90
13
14
1990-00
8
8
1998
-6
-18
1999
7
10
2000
18
23
1980-85
7.5
5.5
1985-90
8.0
12.0
Volume
Western Europe C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
15
0.9
1.4
Africa
22
1.3
1.7
Middle East
42
2.6
8.8
807
48.9
56.5
Agricultural products
107
6.5
9.4
Mining products
116
7.0
17.7
1389
84.2
70.5
Asia
Product group
1990-00
8.1
7.6
1998
3.3
-8.4
6.9
9.2
2000
16.1
15.3
Note: Import shares are derived from the Secretariat’s network of world merchandise trade by product and region.
Trade by region
1999
Manufactures
Chart III.17
Chart III.18
Merchandise trade of Asia, 1990-00
Share of Asia in world merchandise trade, 1990-00
(Billion dollars)
(Percentage based on value data)
1800
30
1600
Exports
1400
25
1200 Exports
Imports
1000
Imports 20
800
600 15
400
200
10
0 90
84
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
Table III.70
Merchandise exports of Asia by main product group and main destination, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Share in total merchandise
Value
Share in product group
Annual percentage change
2000
1990
2000
1990
2000
1990-00
1999
2000
Total merchandise 1649.2
100.0
100.0
-
-
8
7
18
Intra-Asia
World
807.0
42.1
48.9
-
-
10
12
25
Japan
159.3
10.4
9.7
-
-
8
13
28
Other
647.7
31.7
39.3
-
-
11
12
24
North America
422.7
28.3
25.6
-
-
7
8
15
Western Europe
277.6
20.0
16.8
-
-
6
1
10
All other regions
121.4
8.1
7.4
-
-
7
-7
15
Manufactures 1389.3
79.1
84.2
100.0
100.0
9
9
18
Intra-Asia
World
626.0
28.5
38.0
36.0
45.1
12
14
25
Japan
106.3
4.3
6.4
5.5
7.7
13
18
29
Other
519.7
24.1
31.5
30.5
37.4
11
13
24
North America
396.0
26.1
24.0
33.0
28.5
7
9
15
Western Europe
249.4
17.4
15.1
22.0
18.0
7
4
11
All other regions
103.1
6.2
6.3
7.8
7.4
8
-6
15
107.2
9.7
6.5
100.0
100.0
4
-1
11
67.2
5.5
4.1
56.8
62.7
5
2
14
World Intra-Asia Japan
20.3
2.3
1.2
23.2
18.9
2
4
4
Other
46.9
3.3
2.8
33.6
43.8
7
1
18
14.8
1.7
0.9
17.2
13.9
2
-9
-1
Western Europe North America
13.9
1.1
0.8
11.4
13.0
5
2
12
All other regions
11.2
1.4
0.7
14.3
10.4
1
-9
9
115.9
8.9
7.0
100.0
100.0
6
10
32
Trade by region
Agricultural products
Mining products World Intra-Asia
95.8
7.1
5.8
79.7
82.6
6
12
33
Japan
31.8
3.6
1.9
40.6
27.4
2
6
43
Other
64.0
3.5
3.9
39.1
55.2
10
16
29
Western Europe
7.1
0.6
0.4
6.9
6.2
5
-7
19
North America
6.7
0.8
0.4
8.9
5.8
1
1
19
All other regions
4.1
0.3
0.2
2.8
3.5
8
5
32
85
Table III.71
Merchandise exports of Asia by product, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Share in exports of Asia
Value 2000
Total merchandise exports Agricultural products
1990
Share in world exports
2000
1990
Annual percentage change
2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
1649.2
100.0
100.0
21.8
26.7
8
-6
7
18 11
107.2
9.7
6.5
17.4
19.2
4
-12
-1
Food
82.6
6.8
5.0
16.0
18.7
5
-9
-1
9
Raw materials
24.6
2.9
1.5
21.7
21.2
1
-21
-1
17
32
Mining products
115.9
8.9
7.0
13.6
14.3
6
-16
10
Ores and other minerals
14.6
1.5
0.9
20.6
23.4
3
-8
-5
18
Fuels
79.4
6.2
4.8
12.8
12.6
6
-21
15
39
Non-ferrous metals
21.9
1.3
1.3
12.9
18.2
9
-6
7
19
Manufactures
1389.3
79.1
84.2
24.5
30.0
9
-5
9
18
Iron and steel
35.2
2.8
2.1
19.5
24.5
5
-3
-10
20
Chemicals
98.8
4.6
6.0
11.4
17.2
11
-7
12
17
Other semi-manufactures
94.5
6.2
5.7
17.4
21.1
8
-8
8
14
832.1
43.2
50.5
26.3
32.4
10
-5
11
20
Machinery and transport equipment Automotive products
112.7
9.7
6.8
22.4
19.7
5
-4
9
8
Office and telecom equipment
447.7
18.6
27.1
45.9
47.6
13
-4
14
23
Other machinery and transport equipment
271.7
15.0
16.5
18.6
25.8
9
-6
7
20
Textiles
71.4
5.0
4.3
35.3
45.4
7
-11
3
15
Clothing
89.4
6.4
5.4
43.6
44.9
7
0
1
13
167.8
11.0
10.2
27.1
31.0
8
-4
10
15
Trade by region
Other consumer goods
Table III.72
Merchandise exports of Asia by destination, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value
Annual percentage change
2000
1990
2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
1649.2
100.0
100.0
8
-6
7
18
807.0
42.1
48.9
10
-17
12
25
159.3 39.8 107.7 500.2
10.4 2.7 3.3 25.7
9.7 2.4 6.5 30.3
8 7 16 10
-16 -2 -9 -20
13 10 8 13
28 4 29 25
North America
422.7
28.3
25.6
7
4
8
15
Western Europe European Union (15)
277.6 260.2
20.0 18.6
16.8 15.8
6 7
8 7
1 4
10 10
Middle East
42.5
2.9
2.6
7
11
-7
14
Latin America
41.5
1.8
2.5
12
4
-9
21
Africa South Africa Other Africa
22.1 6.6 15.5
1.5 0.2 1.2
1.3 0.4 0.9
7 14 6
6 -2 9
-1 -10 2
4 12 1
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS C./E. Europe Russian Fed.
15.3 7.1 5.7
1.9 0.4 -
0.9 0.4 0.3
1 10 -
-10 0 -
-11 -1 -26
20 13 32
821.6
56.4
49.8
7
5
3
13
World Intra-Asia Japan Australia and New Zealand China Other
Inter-regional trade
86
Share
Table III.73
Leading merchandise exporters and importers in Asia, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Annual percentage change Value
Share
Value
Volume
2000
1990
2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
1649.2
100.0
100.0
8
-6
7
18
8.1
3.3
6.9
16.1
Japan China Hong Kong, China domestic exports re-exports Korea, Rep. of Taipei, Chinese
479.2 249.3 202.4 23.7 178.8 172.3 148.3
38.9 8.4 3.9 8.8 9.1
29.1 15.1 1.4 10.4 9.0
5 15 9 -2 13 10 8
-8 0 -7 -10 -7 -3 -9
8 6 0 -9 1 9 10
14 28 16 6 18 20 22
3.0 … 9.8 -1.9 13.3 15.7 6.0
-1.4 … -4.3 -7.9 -3.7 16.9 1.1
2.2 … 3.6 -7.3 5.4 12.0 4.9
9.4 … 17.0 7.6 18.4 21.3 10.0
Singapore domestic exports re-exports Malaysia Thailand Australia Indonesia
137.9 78.9 59.1 98.2 69.1 63.9 62.1
7.1 4.7 2.4 4.0 3.1 5.4 3.5
8.4 4.8 3.6 6.0 4.2 3.9 3.8
10 9 13 13 12 5 9
-12 -12 -12 -7 -5 -11 -9
4 8 -1 15 7 0 0
20 15 28 16 18 14 28
11.5 10.4 13.3 14.2 11.2 7.6 10.1
0.9 0.7 -0.6 3.9 7.8 -1.0 17.2
5.6 8.1 1.6 19.9 12.0 5.2 -1.4
15.8 10.2 26.7 19.5 21.9 9.6 24.2
42.3 39.8 14.5 13.3 9.2
2.4 1.1 0.3 1.3 0.8
2.6 2.4 0.9 0.8 0.6
9 17 20 3 5
-4 18 2 -15 -3
9 24 23 3 0
16 9 25 7 8
… 17.8 … 4.6 …
… 24.8 … -0.3 …
… 24.2 … 1.6 …
… 13.2 … 5.7 …
Exporters
Asia
India Philippines Viet Nam New Zealand Pakistan
Asia
1481.3
100.0
100.0
8
-18
10
23
7.6
-8.4
9.2
15.3
Japan China Hong Kong, China retained imports Korea, Rep. of Taipei, Chinese
379.5 225.1 214.2 35.4 160.5 140.0
33.2 7.5 4.4 9.9 7.7
25.6 15.2 2.4 10.8 9.5
5 15 10 1 9 10
-17 -1 -12 -30 -35 -8
11 18 -3 -21 28 6
22 36 19 24 34 26
5.3 … 10.1 … 9.7 7.8
-5.3 … -7.1 … -21.0 4.1
9.5 … 0.2 … 26.1 3.7
10.9 … 18.1 … 19.0 10.0
Singapore retained imports Malaysia Australia Thailand India
134.5 75.6 82.2 71.5 61.9 50.5
8.6 6.1 4.1 5.9 4.7 3.3
9.1 5.1 5.5 4.8 4.2 3.4
8 6 11 5 6 8
-23 -31 -26 -2 -32 4
9 18 11 7 17 4
21 16 27 3 23 12
8.4 … 12.0 7.6 4.4 …
-12.9 … -21.2 6.9 -27.2 …
9.5 … 13.5 6.5 23.6 …
14.8 … 24.6 5.3 21.5 …
33.8 33.5 15.6 13.9 11.0
1.8 3.1 0.4 1.3 1.1
2.3 2.3 1.1 0.9 0.7
10 4 19 4 4
-18 -34 -1 -14 -20
3 -12 1 14 10
4 40 35 -3 7
10.0 4.2 … 4.6 …
-13.9 -30.8 … 2.4 …
3.3 -11.3 … 13.4 …
-0.3 37.0 … -2.7 …
Philippines Indonesia Viet Nam New Zealand Pakistan
Trade by region
Importers
Memorandum item:
ASEAN (10) Exports
427.4
19.5
25.9
11
-7
9
19
…
…
…
…
Imports
366.8
23.0
24.8
8
-25
8
23
…
…
…
…
SAPTA (7) Exports
64.1
3.7
3.9
9
-1
6
16
…
…
…
…
Imports
78.9
5.4
5.3
7
-2
6
11
…
…
…
…
87
Table III.74
Merchandise trade of Japan by region and economy, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Exports Destination Value
Imports Annual percentage change
Share
Origin Value
2000
1990
2000
1999
2000
479.25
100.0
100.0
8
14
Region World
2000
1990
2000
1999
2000
World
379.66
100.0
100.0
11
22 27
Region
Asia
207.49
34.2
43.3
15
25
Asia
176.13
35.1
46.4
15
151.66
34.1
31.6
8
11
North America
81.31
26.1
21.4
0
8
Western Europe
83.42
22.2
17.4
3
5
Western Europe
51.66
18.2
13.6
10
8
Latin America
13.22
3.3
2.8
-18
15
Middle East
49.25
13.3
13.0
19
62
Middle East
9.98
3.2
2.1
-20
-2
Latin America
10.60
4.0
2.8
4
14
Africa C./E. Europe/
4.21
1.9
0.9
-6
-7
C./E. Europe/ Baltic States/CIS
5.78
1.7
1.5
23
25
2.52
1.1
0.5
-16
25
Africa
4.93
1.6
1.3
4
22
143.98
31.7
30.0
8
11
United States
72.51
22.5
19.1
0
7
78.41
20.4
16.4
4
5
China
55.10
5.1
14.5
16
29
Economy United States European Union (15)
Economy
China
42.62
2.1
8.9
9
25
European Union (15)
46.80
16.0
12.3
9
9
Taipei, Chinese
35.94
5.4
7.5
12
25
Korea, Rep. of
20.45
5.0
5.4
33
28
Korea, Rep. of
30.70
6.1
6.4
49
34
Taipei, Chinese
17.90
3.6
4.7
25
40
212.75
52.2
56.0
10
17
16.38
5.4
4.3
16
30
Above 5
Trade by region
Share
North America
Baltic States/CIS
331.66
65.7
69.2
10
14
Singapore
20.82
3.7
4.3
10
28
Hong Kong, China
14.94
4.6
3.1
-1
33
United Arab Emirates
14.84
3.9
3.9
6
69
Malaysia
13.89
1.9
2.9
19
25
Australia
14.80
5.3
3.9
-2
16
Above 5 Indonesia
Thailand
13.63
3.2
2.8
20
21
Malaysia
14.49
2.3
3.8
26
33
Philippines
10.26
0.9
2.1
20
17
Saudi Arabia
14.20
4.5
3.7
16
71
Australia
8.57
2.4
1.8
5
1
Thailand
10.59
1.8
2.8
8
20
Indonesia
7.59
1.8
1.6
13
57
Canada
8.70
3.6
2.3
3
10
Canada
7.48
2.3
1.6
9
8
Philippines
7.20
0.9
1.9
20
36
Panama
6.45
1.0
1.3
11
-6
Singapore
6.43
1.5
1.7
15
18
Mexico
5.21
0.8
1.1
4
19
Qatar
5.86
0.9
1.5
23
70
Saudi Arabia
3.09
1.2
0.6
-17
-7
Iran, Islamic Rep. of
5.36
1.5
1.4
28
71
United Arab Emirates
2.53
0.5
0.5
-12
0
Kuwait
4.99
0.7
1.3
29
66
Brazil
2.52
0.4
0.5
-22
23
Russian Fed.
4.58
0.0
1.2
30
22
India
2.49
0.6
0.5
0
3
Switzerland
3.29
1.7
0.9
12
-2
Switzerland
2.09
1.0
0.4
-2
-3
South Africa
3.00
-
0.8
-3
31
Viet Nam
1.98
0.1
0.4
22
21
Brazil
3.00
1.4
0.8
-8
12
South Africa
1.89
0.5
0.4
-9
15
Chile
2.84
0.7
0.7
5
13
Israel
1.28
0.2
0.3
2
20
Viet Nam
2.64
0.3
0.7
12
35
New Zealand
1.26
0.4
0.3
27
-15
India
2.64
0.9
0.7
3
17
Turkey
1.21
0.3
0.3
-46
33
Mexico
2.39
0.8
0.6
34
44
Norway
0.99
0.3
0.2
-4
-20
New Zealand
2.19
0.7
0.6
-2
15
Hungary
0.85
0.0
0.2
12
31
Oman
2.04
0.8
0.5
54
20
Oman
0.74
0.1
0.2
-15
11
Hong Kong, China
1.67
0.9
0.4
3
-7
Egypt
0.73
0.2
0.2
-12
-23
Brunei Darussalam
1.65
0.5
0.4
2
57
Liberia
0.73
0.4
0.2
-12
-9
Norway
1.18
0.3
0.3
28
-10
464.87
94.6
97.0
-
-
Above 30
369.70
94.3
97.4
-
-
Above 30
88
Annual percentage change
Table III.75
Merchandise exports of the United States, the European Union and Japan to China by major product, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Share in economy’s
Value
total merchandise
total exports by
Annual percentage
exports
product group
change
2000
1990
2000
1990
2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
16.2
100.0
100.0
1.2
2.1
13
11
-8
23
2.4
24.4
14.7
2.0
3.3
7
-17
-25
87
1.5
11.2
9.4
1.3
2.8
11
11
-31
98
1.0
2.7
6.4
0.5
3.7
23
-23
26
77
12.6
71.9
77.6
1.2
1.9
14
19
-7
14
Chemicals
2.3
21.9
14.0
2.7
2.7
8
2
6
8
Other semi-manufactures
0.8
2.7
4.9
0.6
1.7
20
16
0
31
Machinery and transport equipment Other non electrical machinery Office and telecom equipment Other transport eqipment Other consumer goods
8.1 1.8 3.2 1.8 1.2
40.4 12.0 5.2 16.1 5.1
50.0 11.2 20.0 10.9 7.6
1.1 1.7 0.5 2.1 0.7
2.0 2.5 2.1 3.4 1.5
15 12 29 9 18
26 -18 64 68 3
-13 -5 9 -35 10
13 37 45 -25 17
27.8
100.0
100.0
0.5
1.2
14
4
21
21
1.5
8.4
5.5
0.4
0.7
9
35
55
15
0.6
5.7
2.3
0.3
0.4
4
37
31
-16
United States Total merchandise exports Agricultural products Food Mining products Manufactures
Total merchandise exports Agricultural products Food Mining products
1.0
1.0
3.5
0.1
0.8
29
-18
150
25
23.9
88.4
85.9
0.5
1.3
14
-3
16
24
Chemicals
2.5
10.9
8.9
0.5
0.8
12
-8
29
33
Other semi-manufactures
2.0
4.8
7.2
0.2
1.0
19
-1
28
33
16.9 5.4 5.4 1.6
63.6 33.4 4.7 4.0
60.9 21.3 19.5 5.6
0.8 53.0 0.4 0.2
1.8 2.8 2.1 0.7
14 9 32 18
-3 -15 41 8
13 11 24 28
21 12 32 33
Manufactures
Machinery and transport equipment Other non electrical machinery Office and telecom equipment Other consumer goods
Japan 30.4
100.0
100.0
2.1
6.3
17
-8
16
30
Agricultural products
Total merchandise exports
0.6
3.7
2.1
6.9
14.3
11
-13
-4
25
Mining products
1.2
2.0
3.9
3.1
15.8
26
-27
20
14
0.6
0.8
2.1
2.1
13.0
30
29
41
6
27.8
92.8
91.4
2.1
6.2
17
-7
16
31
Iron and steel
2.1
17.3
7.0
8.5
14.3
7
-12
1
39
Chemicals
4.0
12.2
13.1
4.7
11.3
18
5
30
32
Other semi-manufactures
1.6
6.3
5.2
2.8
7.9
15
0
14
28
15.4 4.6 5.3 3.4
43.8 14.4 16.7 5.2
50.5 15.1 17.3 11.2
1.3 2.5 1.5 1.9
4.7 7.6 4.9 8.5
19 18 18 27
-7 -24 4 -2
12 13 25 22
32 24 45 33
Textiles
2.6
7.1
8.5
7.4
36.8
19
-15
26
14
Other consumer goods
2.1
5.9
6.9
1.5
5.0
19
-5
26
41
Non-ferrous metals Manufactures
Machinery and transport equipment Other non electrical machinery Office and telecom equipment Electrical machinery and apparatus
Trade by region
European Union (15)
89
Table III.76
Merchandise imports of the United States, the European Union and Japan from China by major product, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Share in economy’s
Value
total merchandise
total imports by
Annual percentage
imports
product group
change
2000
1990
2000
1990
2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
103.3
100.0
100.0
3.1
8.2
20
14
17
18
1.5 1.1
4.3 3.6
1.5 1.1
1.8 2.0
2.2 2.2
8 6
7 2
15 17
10 12
United States Total merchandise imports Agricultural products Food Mining products
1.3
5.8
1.3
1.1
0.8
3
-14
-14
55
Manufactures Chemicals Other semi-manufactures Machinery and transport equipment
99.3 1.9 7.8 36.1
89.0 2.2 4.6 15.6
96.1 1.8 7.5 34.9
3.9 1.5 2.1 1.2
10.2 2.5 9.5 6.3
21 18 27 30
15 14 25 24
17 18 28 24
17 4 16 30
Office and telecom equipment Electrical machinery and apparatus Textiles Clothing Other consumer goods Toys and games Footwear Travel goods Furniture
22.4 8.5 1.9 8.8 42.3 13.3 9.5 2.3 4.6
8.2 4.1 4.3 22.7 39.1 14.7 9.6 4.6 1.0
21.7 8.2 1.8 8.5 40.9 12.9 9.2 2.2 4.5
2.1 3.4 10.3 13.7 11.0 25.0 15.7 31.4 3.1
10.2 14.5 12.0 13.2 30.2 64.6 61.9 50.0 23.7
33 29 11 9 21 19 20 12 39
27 15 5 -4 13 13 8 0 43
24 22 12 4 15 7 7 4 55
31 27 12 13 10 5 7 7 22
61.2
100.0
100.0
0.9
2.6
16
12
13
22
2.4 1.6
12.7 7.8
4.0 2.5
0.8 0.7
1.0 0.8
4 4
4 8
1 -1
14 15
European Union (15) Total merchandise imports Agricultural products Food
Trade by region
Mining products
1.2
3.0
2.0
0.8
0.5
12
18
-12
24
Manufactures Chemicals Other semi-manufactures Machinery and transport equipment
57.5 2.5 5.0 21.2
84.1 6.2 6.4 13.7
93.9 4.1 8.2 34.7
8.1 0.1 0.6 1.3
3.2 1.0 2.6 2.3
18 12 19 28
12 4 14 24
14 -1 18 22
22 11 22 35
Office and telecom equipment Electrical machinery and apparatus Textiles Clothing Other consumer goods Toys and games Footwear Travel goods Furniture
11.9 6.0 1.9 8.1 18.4 5.4 1.8 2.3 1.2
8.8 2.0 8.5 21.5 27.4 9.2 2.6 4.7 0.8
19.4 9.8 3.1 13.2 30.0 8.8 2.9 3.8 1.9
0.2 0.5 2.3 5.1 2.6 13.7 2.6 19.0 0.7
3.8 5.5 3.8 9.4 8.2 33.1 10.0 43.3 4.9
26 36 5 11 17 16 18 14 27
25 21 8 2 9 1 -2 10 27
19 28 -1 11 13 15 5 10 33
36 34 22 6 17 20 12 11 36
55.1
100.0
100.0
5.1
14.5
16
-11
16
29
7.0 6.0
23.1 17.5
12.7 10.8
5.5 6.2
11.3 12.3
10 11
-12 -9
14 14
13 12
Japan Total merchandise imports Agricultural products Food Mining products
90
3.3
28.8
5.9
4.4
3.3
-1
-35
-5
47
Manufactures Chemicals Other semi-manufactures Machinery and transport equipment
44.4 1.6 2.8 13.0
47.6 4.5 2.4 3.8
80.5 2.9 5.1 23.6
5.7 3.6 2.6 1.3
20.9 6.1 18.2 12.2
23 11 26 40
-9 -8 -7 -1
17 4 15 19
30 22 29 41
Office and telecom equipment Electrical machinery and apparatus Textiles Clothing Other consumer goods Toys and games Footwear Travel goods Furniture
6.4 4.2 2.0 14.7 9.6 1.8 1.9 1.3 1.1
1.4 1.2 6.7 19.9 7.5 1.2 1.4 1.0 0.5
11.6 7.5 3.7 26.7 17.5 3.3 3.5 2.3 2.0
1.5 3.7 19.7 27.5 4.5 7.6 12.5 9.6 4.6
10.5 28.1 41.2 74.7 26.1 47.1 65.0 42.0 29.0
44 39 10 20 27 29 28 26 32
-2 2 -20 -9 -11 -10 -20 -15 -12
19 23 12 20 17 6 21 22 34
51 37 18 29 22 15 13 20 51
Table III.77
Merchandise exports of ASEAN countries by region, 1990-00 (Billion dollars and percentage) Destination
ASEAN (10)
All other regions
Origin
Total
Asia
World Other regions
Value ASEAN (10)
1990 1995 1999 2000
28.95 81.88 79.30 101.30
115.13 239.00 279.68 326.14
... ... ... ...
... ... ... ...
144.09 320.88 358.98 427.44
Indonesia
1990 1995 1999 2000
2.57 6.50 8.28 10.89
23.11 38.92 40.39 51.24
15.31 22.15 21.97 28.93
7.80 16.77 18.42 22.31
25.68 45.42 48.67 62.12
Malaysia
1990 1995 1999 2000
8.62 20.41 20.13 26.07
20.80 53.51 64.33 72.17
9.65 22.83 27.57 …
11.14 30.68 36.75 …
29.42 73.91 84.46 98.24
Philippines
1990 1995 1999 2000
0.59 2.36 4.99 5.63
7.47 15.14 31.59 34.15
2.59 5.04 11.55 …
4.88 10.10 20.03 …
8.07 17.50 36.58 39.78
Singapore a
1990 1995 1999 2000
13.57 38.24 32.15 41.65
39.18 80.03 82.54 96.23
15.16 34.81 36.18 45.15
24.02 45.21 46.36 51.08
52.75 118.27 114.69 137.88
Thailand
1990 1995 1999 2000
2.75 12.33 10.86 13.42
20.32 44.11 47.58 55.64
6.78 18.17 18.46 …
13.54 25.95 29.12 …
23.07 56.44 58.44 69.06
ASEAN (10)
1990 2000
20.1 23.7
79.9 76.3
... ...
... ...
100.0 100.0
Indonesia
1990 2000
1.8 2.5
16.0 12.0
10.6 15.4
5.4 11.6
17.8 14.5
Malaysia
1990 2000
6.0 6.1
14.4 16.9
6.7 …
7.7 …
20.4 23.0
Philippines
1990 2000
0.4 1.3
5.2 8.0
1.8 …
3.4 …
5.6 9.3
Singapore
1990 2000
9.4 9.7
27.2 22.5
10.5 10.6
16.7 12.0
36.6 32.3
Thailand
1990 2000
1.9 3.1
14.1 13.0
4.7 …
9.4 …
16.0 16.2
ASEAN (10)
1990-00 1999 2000
13 10 28
11 9 17
... ... ...
... ... ...
11 9 19
Indonesia
1990-00 1999 2000
16 -11 31
8 2 27
7 9 32
11 -5 21
9 0 28
Malaysia
1990-00 1999 2000
12 13 30
13 16 12
… 22 …
… 12 …
13 15 16
Philippines
1990-00 1999 2000
25 31 13
16 23 8
… 37 …
… 17 …
17 24 9
Singapore
1990-00 1999 2000
12 11 30
9 2 17
12 8 25
8 -3 10
10 4 20
Thailand
1990-00 1999 2000
17 10 24
11 7 17
… 13 …
… 3 …
12 7 18
Trade by region
Share
Annual percentage change
a Includes significant re-exports.
91
Table III.78
Merchandise imports of ASEAN countries by region, 1990-00 (Billion dollars and percentage) Origin
ASEAN (10)
All other regions
Destination
Total
Asia
World Other regions
Value ASEAN (10)
1990 1995 1999 2000
26.31 66.88 68.67 89.89
136.49 287.20 230.73 276.88
... ... ... ...
... ... ... ...
162.80 354.09 299.40 366.77
Indonesia
1990 1995 1999 2000
1.88 4.22 4.78 6.49
19.96 36.41 19.22 27.03
10.12 18.13 8.53 13.76
9.83 18.29 10.69 13.27
21.84 40.63 24.00 33.52
Malaysia
1990 1995 1999 2000
5.65 13.52 15.35 19.75
23.61 64.17 49.62 49.62
12.12 34.85 26.72 …
11.49 29.32 22.90 …
29.26 77.69 64.97 82.21
Philippines
1990 1995 1999 2000
1.37 3.36 4.76 5.39
11.67 24.98 27.81 28.42
5.22 12.64 14.75 …
6.45 12.34 13.06 …
13.04 28.34 32.57 33.81
Singapore a
1990 1995 1999 2000
12.45 31.50 31.30 39.93
48.45 93.01 79.76 94.62
20.78 44.38 33.65 41.99
27.67 48.63 46.11 52.62
60.90 124.51 111.06 134.55
Thailand
1990 1995 1999 2000
4.37 9.51 7.98 12.73
29.01 61.28 42.37 49.19
15.82 32.62 21.48 …
13.19 28.66 20.88 …
33.38 70.79 50.34 61.92
ASEAN (10)
1990 2000
16.2 24.5
83.8 75.5
... ...
... ...
100.0 100.0
Indonesia
1990 2000
1.2 1.8
12.3 7.4
6.2 3.8
6.0 3.6
13.4 9.1
Malaysia
1990 2000
3.5 5.4
14.5 13.5
7.4 …
7.1 …
18.0 22.4
Philippines
1990 2000
0.8 1.5
7.2 7.7
3.2 …
4.0 …
8.0 9.2
Singapore
1990 2000
7.6 10.9
29.8 25.8
12.8 11.4
17.0 14.3
37.4 36.7
Thailand
1990 2000
2.7 3.5
17.8 13.4
9.7 …
8.1 …
20.5 16.9
ASEAN (10)
1990-00 1999 2000
13 9 31
7 7 20
... ... ...
... ... ...
8 8 23
Indonesia
1990-00 1999 2000
13 6 36
3 -16 41
3 -18 61
3 -14 24
4 -12 40
Malaysia
1990-00 1999 2000
13 16 29
8 10 0
… 15 …
… 5 …
11 11 27
Philippines
1990-00 1999 2000
15 1 13
9 4 2
… 5 …
… 2 …
10 3 4
Singapore
1990-00 1999 2000
12 6 28
7 11 19
7 19 25
7 6 14
8 9 21
Thailand
1990-00 1999 2000
11 24 60
5 16 16
… 18 …
… 14 …
6 17 23
Trade by region
Share
Annual percentage change
a Includes significant imports for re-export.
92
Table III.79
Leading exporters and importers of commercial services in Asia, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value
Share
2000
1990
Annual percentage change 2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
9
-13
4
12
Exporters Asia
302.8
100.0
100.0
Japan
68.3
31.5
22.6
5
-9
-2
13
Hong Kong, China
42.1
13.8
13.9
9
-6
2
13
China
30.1
4.4
10.0
18
-3
10
15
Korea, Rep. of
29.2
7.0
9.6
12
-2
4
13
Singapore
26.6
9.7
8.8
8
-37
25
13
Taipei, Chinese
20.2
5.3
6.7
11
-2
3
18
Australia
17.8
7.5
5.9
6
-12
7
5
India
17.6
3.5
5.8
14
24
26
26
Malaysia
13.6
2.9
4.5
14
-27
4
15
Thailand
12.8
4.8
4.2
7
-16
11
-12
Indonesia a
4.8
1.9
1.6
7
-36
2
…
New Zealand
4.2
1.8
1.4
6
-13
15
0
Philippines
4.1
2.2
1.4
4
…
…
-13
Viet Nam a
3.0
0.1
1.0
32
3
4
…
Macau, China
2.6
1.1
0.9
6
-10
-6
-4
Asia
365.1
100.0
100.0
7
-11
6
8
Japan
115.7
47.1
31.7
3
-9
3
1
China
35.9
2.3
9.8
24
-5
17
16 25
Korea, Rep. of
33.4
5.6
9.1
13
-17
11
Hong Kong, China
26.2
6.2
7.2
9
1
8
3
Taipei, Chinese
25.7
7.8
7.0
6
-4
0
10
Singapore
21.3
4.8
5.8
9
-9
8
13
India
19.9
3.3
5.5
13
16
21
16
Australia
17.7
7.5
4.8
3
-8
6
-1
Malaysia
16.6
3.0
4.5
12
-28
13
13
Thailand
14.7
3.4
4.0
9
-31
13
9
Indonesia a
14.3
3.3
3.9
9
-28
-4
…
Philippines
6.1
1.0
1.7
13
…
…
-19
New Zealand
4.5
1.8
1.2
3
-8
1
-1
Viet Nam a
3.9
0.1
1.1
41
1
13
…
Pakistan a
2.3
1.0
0.6
2
-20
6
…
Trade by region
Importers
a Includes Secretariat estimates.
93
Table III.80
Trade in commercial services of Japan, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Exports Value
Value
Share
1995
2000
2000
1995
2000
Total commercial services
68.3
100.0
100.0
115.7
100.0
100.0
Transportation
25.6
35.2
37.5
35.1
29.6
30.3
Sea transport
16.8
23.1
24.6
21.1
19.0
18.2
Air transport
8.8
12.1
12.8
13.9
10.6
12.1
Other transport
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
3.4
5.0
4.9
31.9
30.2
27.6
Other commercial services
39.3
59.8
57.6
48.7
40.2
42.1
Communication services
0.8
0.8
1.2
1.2
0.7
1.0
Construction services
5.8
10.3
8.6
4.0
2.6
3.5
Insurance services
0.2
0.5
0.3
2.0
2.1
1.8
Financial services
2.9
0.5
4.2
1.9
0.4
1.6 2.7
Computer and information services
1.6
…
2.3
3.1
…
Royalties and licence fees
10.2
9.4
15.0
11.0
7.7
9.5
Other business services
17.7
38.2
25.9
24.3
26.2
21.0
0.1
0.2
0.2
1.3
0.5
1.1
Personal, cultural, and recreational services
Trade by region
Share
2000
Travel
94
Imports
IV. Trade by sector 1. Overview Chart IV.1
World merchandise exports by product, 1990 and 2000 (Share based on value)
Machinery and transp. equip. a Office and telecom equipment Mining products Chemicals Automotive products Agricultural products Other consumer goods 1990 Other semi-manufactures
2000
Clothing Textiles Iron and steel 0
5
15
10
20
a Excluding automotive products and office and telecom equipment (throughout this report they are included with machinery and transport equipment, unless otherwise noted).
Table IV.1
World merchandise exports by product, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage)
2000
All products a Agricultural products
Share 1990
Annual percentage change 2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
6186
100.0
100.0
6
-1
4
12
558
12.2
9.0
3
-5
-3
2
Food
442
9.3
7.2
3
-3
-3
0
Raw materials
116
2.9
1.9
2
-11
-2
10
Mining products
813
14.3
13.1
5
-20
15
42
62
1.6
1.0
2
-8
-5
13
Fuels
631
10.5
10.2
6
-26
22
51
Non-ferrous metals
120
2.1
1.9
5
-5
1
19
Manufactures
4630
70.5
74.9
7
2
4
10
Iron and steel
144
3.1
2.3
3
-2
-12
14
Chemicals
574
8.7
9.3
7
2
4
8
Other semi-manufactures
449
7.8
7.3
5
0
3
8
2566
35.8
41.5
8
3
6
11
Ores and other minerals
Machinery and transport equipment Automotive products
571
9.4
9.2
6
5
5
4
Office and telecom equipment
940
8.8
15.2
12
1
12
20
1055
17.6
17.1
6
3
1
7
Textiles
Other machinery and transport equipment
157
3.1
2.5
4
-4
-2
7
Clothing
199
3.2
3.2
6
1
0
7
Other consumer goods
541
8.8
8.8
6
1
5
8
Trade by sector
Value
a Includes unspecified products. They accounted for 3 per cent of world merchandise exports in 2000.
95
Chart IV.2
World exports of commercial services by category, 1990, 1995 and 2000 (Percentage)
1990 1995 Transportation
2000
Travel
Other commercial services
10
20
30
40
50
Trade by sector
0
Table IV.2
World exports of commercial services by category, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value
Share
2000
All commercial services Transportation
1990
Annual percentage change 2000
1998
1999
2000
1435
100.0
100.0
6
1
2
6
330
28.5
23.0
4
-1
0
6
Travel
465
33.9
32.4
6
1
2
5
Other commercial services
640
37.6
44.6
8
2
2
6
Note: Exports of transportation services are significantly under-reported. See the Technical Notes.
96
1990-2000
2. Agricultural products Table IV.3
Table IV.4
World trade in agricultural products, 2000
Major regional flows in world exports of agricultural products, 2000
(Billion dollars and percentage)
(Billion dollars and percentage)
Value
Value
558
2000
1990-00
1999
2000
174.2
2
-2
-4
Intra-Asia
67.2
5
2
14
North America to Asia
36.0
1
2
10
Intra-North America
33.3
7
7
4
Latin America to North America
21.7
8
2
21
Latin America to Western Europe
18.3
3
-7
-2
Annual percentage change 1980-85
-2
1985-90
9
1990-00
3
1998
-5
1999
-3
2000
2
Share in world merchandise trade
9.0
Share in world exports of primary products
40.7
Annual percentage change
Intra-Western Europe
Table IV.5
Chart IV.3
Share of agricultural products in trade in total merchandise and in primary products by region, 2000
Regional shares in world trade in agricultural products, 2000
(Percentage)
(Percentage)
Imports
Western Europe
Share of agricultural products in total merchandise World
9.0
9.0
North America
10.0
5.9
Latin America
18.4
9.0
Western Europe
9.4
10.0
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
8.9
10.7
12.9
15.1
Middle East
2.4
13.1
Asia
6.5
9.4
Africa
Trade by sector
Exports
Asia
North America Exports Imports
Latin America
Share of agricultural products in primary products World
40.7
40.7
North America
58.2
33.8
Latin America
47.3
44.1
Western Europe
57.2
47.3
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
20.7
41.8
Africa
17.7
51.9
3.2
59.9
48.0
34.7
Middle East Asia
C./E. Europe/ Baltic States/CIS
Africa
Middle East
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
97
Table IV.6
Exports of agricultural products by region, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Share in Value
Region’s exports
World exports
Annual percentage change
2000
1990
2000
1990
2000
1990-00
1999
2000
558.3
-
-
100.0
100.0
3
-3
2
230.1 174.2 14.7 12.9 10.0 7.6 6.3 3.5
100.0 78.2 4.8 4.6 3.1 4.1 3.2 1.6
100.0 75.7 6.4 5.6 4.4 3.3 2.7 1.5
45.2 35.4 2.2 2.1 1.4 1.8 1.4 0.7
41.2 31.2 2.6 2.3 1.8 1.4 1.1 0.6
2 2 5 4 6 0 1 1
-3 -2 13 11 -25 -14 3 -15
-3 -4 2 3 0 2 -1 3
World Asia Western Europe North America Middle East Africa C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS Latin America
107.2 67.2 14.8 13.9 4.8 3.1 1.7 1.5
100.0 56.8 17.2 11.4 5.1 2.7 5.0 1.5
100.0 62.7 13.9 13.0 4.5 2.9 1.6 1.4
17.4 9.9 3.0 2.0 0.9 0.5 0.9 0.3
19.2 12.0 2.7 2.5 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.3
4 5 2 5 3 5 -7 4
-1 2 -9 2 -2 -4 -24 -17
11 14 -1 12 12 3 11 14
North America World Asia North America Western Europe Latin America Middle East Africa C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
105.8 36.0 33.3 14.8 13.9 3.2 3.2 1.2
100.0 38.7 21.3 20.4 8.4 3.3 3.2 4.4
100.0 34.0 31.5 14.0 13.1 3.0 3.0 1.1
19.7 7.6 4.2 4.0 1.7 0.6 0.6 0.9
19.0 6.5 6.0 2.6 2.5 0.6 0.6 0.2
3 1 7 -1 7 2 2 -11
-2 2 7 -15 -10 6 -9 -33
6 10 4 4 6 11 3 -10
66.0 21.7 18.3 11.6 8.6 1.9 1.8 1.8
100.0 26.2 33.5 11.3 10.1 3.1 13.2 2.5
100.0 32.8 27.7 17.6 13.0 2.9 2.8 2.7
9.6 2.5 3.2 1.1 1.0 0.3 1.3 0.2
11.8 3.9 3.3 2.1 1.5 0.3 0.3 0.3
5 8 3 10 8 5 -10 6
-7 2 -7 -20 -5 -15 -7 -20
8 21 -2 12 6 -7 -7 2
24.2 9.2 8.7 3.9 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.1
100.0 63.8 14.1 I 12.1 2.8 1.6 2.7 2.7
100.0 38.1 35.8 15.9 2.6 2.1 2.0 0.6
3.0 1.9 0.4 I 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1
4.3 1.7 1.6 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0
… 1 … 10 6 10 3 -9
-9 -8 -23 25 10 3 -1 -12
10 3 17 12 -14 -8 15 11
18.6 10.4 3.4 1.8 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.3
100.0 61.1 15.1 11.8 5.3 3.5 2.3 0.4
100.0 56.0 18.2 9.7 5.0 4.2 3.3 1.5
3.9 2.4 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0
3.3 1.9 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0
1 0 3 -1 1 3 5 16
-5 -8 4 -7 -11 -22 -1 2
-17 -12 -12 -25 -13 -15 -20 -26
6.4 2.3 2.1 0.8 0.8
100.0 25.5 46.4 6.1 18.5
100.0 36.3 32.2 13.0 12.4
1.1 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.2
1.1 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.1
4 7 0 12 -1
9 15 -5 31 -17
-8 -14 2 21 -11
World Western Europe World Western Europe Asia North America C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS Africa Middle East Latin America Asia
Latin America World North America Western Europe Latin America Asia Middle East C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS Africa
Trade by sector
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS a World Western Europe C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS Asia North America Middle East Africa Latin America
Africa World Western Europe Asia Africa North America C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS Middle East Latin America
Middle East World Middle East Western Europe Asia All other regions
a Includes the intra trade of the Baltic States and the CIS beginning with 1996.
98
Table IV.7
Leading exporters and importers of agricultural products, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Share in world exports/imports
Value
Annual percentage change
2000
1980
1990
2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
United States
70.87
17.0
14.3
12.7
2
-10
-6
7
France
36.52
6.9
9.0
6.5
0
-1
-4
-7
Canada
34.79
5.0
5.4
6.2
5
-9
4
7
Netherlands
34.14
5.7
7.7
6.1
1
-3
3
-3
Germany
27.76
4.2
5.9
5.0
1
5
-4
-8
Belgium
19.86
-
-
3.6
-
-
-
-2
Spain
16.88
1.4
2.3
3.0
6
-1
-2
-4
United Kingdom
16.67
3.1
3.6
3.0
1
-7
-9
-6
China
16.38
1.5
2.4
2.9
5
-9
-1
15
Australia
16.37
3.3
2.8
2.9
3
-23
5
7
Italy
16.09
2.1
2.9
2.9
3
2
2
-7
Brazil
15.47
3.4
2.4
2.8
5
-7
-6
-3
Thailand
13.28
1.2
1.9
2.4
5
-12
2
13
Argentina a
11.97
1.9
1.8
2.2
5
2
-14
…
Denmark
10.94
2.1
2.6
2.0
0
-3
-5
-5
Above 15
357.98
61.1
68.0
64.2
-
-
-
-
United States
66.69
8.7
9.0
11.0
5
1
6
1
Japan
62.19
9.6
11.4
10.3
2
-16
6
4
Germany
41.54
9.7
10.7
6.9
-1
2
-7
-14
United Kingdom
32.49
6.5
6.7
5.4
1
-1
-2
-6
France
30.39
6.1
6.5
5.0
1
3
-5
-4
Italy
29.39
6.3
7.1
4.9
-1
-1
-4
-5
Netherlands
20.90
4.3
4.3
3.5
1
-1
5
-6
China
19.54
1.9
1.8
3.2
10
-14
10
41
Belgium
18.52
-
-
3.1
-
-
-
-3
Spain
16.98
1.9
2.8
2.8
3
4
0
-8
Canada b
15.27
1.8
2.0
2.5
5
2
2
7
Korea, Rep. of
12.99
1.5
2.2
2.1
3
-34
19
17
Hong Kong, China
11.73
-
-
-
3
-13
-11
4
retained imports
6.52
1.0
1.0
1.1
4
-14
-10
5
11.06
1.2
1.2
1.8
7
8
0
15
9.87
-
-
1.6
-
-27
-23
-7
394.32
63.4
69.8
65.2
-
-
-
-
Exporters
Mexico b Russian Fed. c Above 15
Trade by sector
Importers
a 1999 instead of 2000. b Imports are valued f.o.b. c Includes Secretariat estimates.
99
Table IV.8
Exports of agricultural products of selected economies, 1990-00 (Million dollars and percentage) Share in economy’s total merchandise exports
Value 1990
Trade by sector
World
I
1998
1999
2000
1990
2000 a
576710
562270
545640
558280
12.2
9.0
Argentina Australia Bangladesh Belgium Belgium-Luxembourg Belize Brazil Cameroon Canada Chile
7482 11628 329 13064 I 99 9779 723 22339 2779
11349 14717 446 19407 131 15673 839 32214 5922
13942 14516 452 20533 129 17065 900 31222 5595
11968 15292 ... 20165 143 15980 ... 32599 5917
... 16366 ... 19862 ... 15467 ... 34789 6399
60.6 29.3 19.7 11.1 91.7 31.1 36.1 17.5 33.2
51.3 25.6 8.9 10.7 11.5 86.1 28.1 53.9 12.6 35.2
China Colombia Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Denmark Ecuador Egypt El Salvador France Germany
10060 2514 927 2374 10648 I 1236 497 237 37101 I 24621 I
14997 3695 1848 2793 13108 2389 552 574 44265 I 32296
14314 4004 2365 3224 12115 2854 580 595 41069 31674
14209 3341 1950 3178 11460 ... 591 497 39341 30249
16384 3121 1812 2646 10940 1948 ... 577 36518 27762
16.2 37.2 64.0 77.3 28.9 45.5 19.2 40.8 17.1 5.8
6.6 23.9 30.9 65.7 22.0 40.2 16.6 19.7 12.2 5.0
Greece Guatemala Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Ireland Italy Kenya
2584 I 849 474 2558 1274 3506 4154 5709 I 11858 I 559
3719 1342 592 3054 I 1371 6322 8197 8987 16699 1158
3299 1660 790 2967 1462 6235 7706 6930 17080 1244
3194 1517 504 2502 1411 5835 7544 7102 17384 1095
2507 1622 ... 2445 1258 ... 7764 6687 16088 1062
31.9 73.0 57.0 25.6 80.0 19.5 16.2 24.0 7.0 54.2
24.5 61.2 40.4 8.7 65.5 16.1 12.5 8.4 6.8 61.2
Luxembourg Madagascar Malaysia Mauritius Morocco Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Pakistan Paraguay
224 7495 396 1228 31859 I 5966 295 1081 863
264 11571 456 1643 I 42202 8306 389 1272 738
116 9539 457 1629 34400 7236 473 1306 872
579 99 9214 388 1699 35349 7330 431 1205 624
557 ... 7681 283 1928 34139 7641 547 1234 699
70.2 25.5 33.2 28.8 24.2 62.9 89.5 19.3 90.0
7.1 42.5 7.8 19.0 26.0 16.1 57.6 87.5 13.5 82.0
Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Romania Russian Fed. b South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan
813 1683 2268 2208 I 184 2881 9368 I 758 ...
1701 2457 3036 I 2765 783 3534 I 3433 15294 903 620
1343 2201 3559 2464 746 6166 3841 18041 ... 446
1578 1771 3022 2480 887 6251 3540 17646 1031 ...
1876 2538 3050 2471 828 7445 3383 16875 ... ...
25.2 20.9 15.8 13.5 3.7 12.2 16.8 38.2 ...
26.8 6.4 9.6 10.6 8.0 7.1 11.3 14.8 22.5 74.8
Thailand Tunisia Turkey United Kingdom United States Uruguay Zimbabwe
7786 418 3300 14961 I 59404 1025 754
13911 570 4541 20451 80435 1244 926
11523 577 5032 19484 69846 1644 ...
11762 685 4442 17686 65941 1344 1141
13278 530 3828 16668 70874 ... ...
33.8 11.8 25.5 8.1 15.1 60.6 43.7
19.2 9.1 14.4 5.9 9.1 60.1 60.5
175847 I 130571 I 45276
234125 171011 63114
226917 166552 60365
221574 163219 58354
214566 155383 59183
11.7 13.3 8.6
9.5 11.2 6.9
Memorandum item: European Union (15) Intra-exports Extra-exports a Or nearest year. b Includes Secretariat estimates.
100
414190
1995
Table IV.9
Imports of agricultural products of selected economies, 1990-00 (Million dollars and percentage)
1990
1995
1998
1999
2000
1990
2000 a
Algeria Austria Bangladesh Belarus Belgium Belgium-Luxembourg Brazil Cameroon Canada b Chile
2766 4179 I 835 14740 I 2691 315 9009 461
3518 5898 1124 … 20338 7218 215 12204 1252
3056 5893 1451 1154 20448 7149 261 13997 1443
2750 5952 … 1016 19180 5130 276 14281 1360
... 5487 ... ... 18518 5163 ... 15272 1421
28.5 8.5 24.3 12.3 11.9 22.5 7.7 6.0
30.0 8.0 20.7 15.2 10.8 12.3 8.8 24.0 6.4 7.9
China Colombia Cyprus Denmark Egypt El Salvador France Germany Greece Guatemala
7855 593 405 4822 3554 158 28894 47206 3717 196
16099 1657 802 6476 4160 441 36341 I 57645 4784 440
12610 2018 796 6976 4301 613 33212 51884 4716 631
13853 1615 747 6647 4350 652 31584 48237 3986 640
19544 1736 757 6256 ... 692 30391 41541 3415 673
14.7 10.6 15.8 14.5 38.6 12.5 12.3 13.3 18.8 11.9
8.7 14.9 19.4 14.0 27.2 14.2 9.9 8.3 12.1 14.2
Hong Kong, China retained imports India Indonesia Ireland Israel Italy Japan Jordan Korea, Rep. of Kuwait
8325 4591 1721 2126 2569 I 1565 31332 I 50460 709 9530 589
13798 7228 3003 6103 3138 2307 34648 74772 839 14727 1296
12698 6915 4632 4704 3643 2267 32018 56588 962 9306 1369
11319 6212 4862 5476 3863 2288 30807 59750 873 11084 1353
11728 6524 ... 5727 3669 2288 29385 62185 942 12985 ...
9.8 14.6 7.3 9.7 12.4 9.3 17.2 21.4 27.3 13.6 14.8
5.5 18.4 10.8 17.1 7.3 6.0 12.6 16.4 20.6 8.1 17.8
Luxembourg Madagascar Mauritius Mexico b Morocco Netherlands Oman Pakistan Peru Philippines
71 255 5374 1096 18979 I 506 1568 668 1665
99 395 6250 2210 I 25743 876 2687 1171 2994
86 411 9571 1852 21227 971 2328 1503 3199
1221 72 363 9579 1802 22212 1088 2269 1145 3206
1172 ... 346 11056 2065 20895 ... 1882 1041 2896
12.5 15.8 13.3 16.1 15.1 18.9 20.8 23.6 12.8
11.6 13.1 15.7 6.3 19.4 10.6 23.3 17.0 14.0 8.4
Poland Portugal Romania Russian Fed. c Saudi Arabia Slovak Rep. b Spain Sri Lanka Taipei, Chinese Thailand Tunisia
1253 3892 I 1249 3487 12240 I 549 6203 3227 819
3728 I 5775 1109 12702 I 4861 974 18805 719 9995 5575 1322
4557 5841 1170 13657 4955 1066 18438 ... 7801 3724 1114
4133 5943 919 10573 5030 930 18361 879 7779 3962 929
4015 5294 1093 9869 5663 932 16977 ... 7932 4678 926
10.8 15.4 16.4 14.5 14.0 20.5 11.3 9.7 14.8
8.1 14.0 8.4 22.3 17.3 7.3 11.1 14.9 5.7 7.5 10.6
Turkey United Kingdom United States Venezuela b Zimbabwe b
2806 29578 I 39966 986 116
4493 33369 53056 2026 209
4321 35288 62395 1954 ...
3398 34434 66138 1938 222
4133 32485 66691 2020 ...
12.6 13.3 7.7 14.9 6.3
7.7 9.8 5.3 12.9 10.4
208502 I 130913 I 77589
265673
257825
249869
241790
10.2
94662
91273
86649
86407
13.4 13.3 13.5
Memorandum item: European Union (15) Intra-imports d Extra-imports a b c d
I
I I I
Trade by sector
Share in economy’s total merchandise imports
Value
8.9
Or nearest year. Imports are valued f.o.b. Includes Secretariat estimates. See the Technical Notes for information on intra-EU imports.
101
2.1 Food Table IV.10
Table IV.11
World trade in food, 2000
Major regional flows in world exports of food, 2000
(Billion dollars and percentage)
(Billion dollars and percentage)
Value
Value
442
Annual percentage change 1980-85
-2
1985-90
9
1990-00
3
1998
-3
1999
-3
2000
0
Share in world merchandise trade
7.2
Share in world exports of primary products
1990-00
1999
2000
148.8
2
-1
-5
Intra-Asia
50.2
6
1
12
North America to Asia
25.4
3
2
6
Intra-North America
19.6
7
5
6
Latin America to North America
18.7
7
1
21
Latin America to Western Europe
16.0
3
-7
-4
Intra-Western Europe
Table IV.12
Chart IV.4
Share of food in trade in total merchandise and in primary products by region, 2000
Regional shares in world trade in food, 2000 (Percentage)
Exports
Trade by sector
2000
32.3
(Percentage) Imports
Share of food in total merchandise World
Western Europe 7.2
7.2
North America
6.8
4.5
Latin America
16.1
7.5 8.1
Western Europe
8.0
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
5.4
9.0
Africa
9.5
13.2
Middle East
2.0
12.1
Asia
5.0
6.9
World
32.3
32.3
North America
39.4
25.5
Latin America
41.5
36.7
Western Europe
48.8
38.5
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
12.6
34.9
Africa
13.1
45.7
Middle East Asia
Asia
North America Exports Imports
Latin America
Share of food in primary products
2.5
55.5
37.0
25.4
C./E. Europe/ Baltic States/CIS
Africa
Middle East 0
102
Annual percentage change
10
20
30
40
50
60
Table IV.13
Exports of food by principal region, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Share in Value
World
Region’s exports
World exports
Annual percentage change
2000
1990
2000
1990
2000
1990-00
1999
2000
442.3
-
-
100.0
100.0
3
-3
0
Western Europe World
196.5
100.0
100.0
48.7
44.4
3
-2
-4
Western Europe
148.8
77.0
75.7
37.5
33.6
2
-1
-5
North America
11.6
5.1
5.9
2.5
2.6
4
11
3
Asia
11.3
4.9
5.8
2.4
2.6
4
10
-1
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
8.4
3.1
4.3
1.5
1.9
6
-28
-2
Africa
6.6
4.3
3.4
2.1
1.5
0
-13
3
Middle East
5.8
3.5
2.9
1.7
1.3
1
4
-2
Latin America
3.2
1.8
1.6
0.9
0.7
1
-15
3
Asia World
82.6
100.0
100.0
16.0
18.7
5
-1
9
Asia
50.2
54.3
60.8
8.7
11.3
6
1
12
North America
11.6
13.2
14.0
2.1
2.6
6
6
13
Western Europe
10.7
15.6
13.0
2.5
2.4
3
-6
-5
Middle East
4.5
6.7
5.4
1.1
1.0
3
-2
13
Africa
2.9
3.3
3.5
0.5
0.7
6
-3
2
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
1.6
5.2
1.9
0.8
0.4
-5
-26
13
Latin America
1.1
1.5
1.3
0.2
0.3
4
-18
15
North America World
71.7
100.0
100.0
16.9
16.2
3
-3
3
Asia
25.4
37.1
35.5
6.3
5.8
3
2
6
North America
19.6
18.0
27.3
3.0
4.4
7
5
6
Latin America
10.8
10.1
15.1
1.7
2.4
7
-7
3
Western Europe
8.7
19.4
12.1
3.3
2.0
-2
-18
-7
Africa
2.9
3.9
4.1
0.7
0.7
3
-9
3
Middle East
2.9
4.6
4.0
0.8
0.7
2
7
10
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
1.1
6.5
1.5
1.1
0.2
-11
-35
-12
57.9
100.0
100.0
11.2
13.1
5
-9
7
North America
18.7
26.8
32.2
3.0
4.2
7
1
21
Western Europe
16.0
33.4
27.7
3.7
3.6
3
-7
-4
Latin America
10.5
10.7
18.1
1.2
2.4
11
-21
11
Asia
7.1
8.6
12.2
1.0
1.6
9
-7
6
Middle East
1.9
3.3
3.2
0.4
0.4
5
-15
-7
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
1.8
14.5
3.1
1.6
0.4
-10
-7
-7
Africa
1.7
2.7
3.0
0.3
0.4
6
-20
2
Trade by sector
Latin America World
103
Table IV.14
Imports of food into the European Union, North America and Japan by region, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value
Share
Annual percentage change
2000
1990
2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
196.04
100.0
100.0
2
4
-2
-5
140.42
69.9
71.6
2
5
0
-6
Latin America
18.52
9.9
9.4
2
0
-5
-5
Asia
11.83
5.6
6.0
3
9
-3
-1
North America
9.84
6.0
5.0
0
-2
-9
-1
Africa
9.50
5.1
4.8
2
7
-3
-11
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
4.46
2.3
2.3
2
3
-4
2
Middle East
1.26
1.0
0.6
-2
-6
1
-5
2
European Union (15) World Western Europe
North America a World
61.63
100.0
100.0
5
3
5
North America
18.38
23.1
29.8
8
5
5
8
Latin America
16.75
31.7
27.2
4
-1
1
-3
Asia
12.32
20.4
20.0
5
6
8
5
Western Europe
12.10
21.4
19.6
4
5
9
-1
Africa
1.10
2.1
1.8
4
7
-9
-4
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
0.76
0.9
1.2
8
17
13
-4
Middle East
0.21
0.3
0.3
6
14
0
3
Japan World
48.58
100.0
100.0
4
-10
6
3
Asia
19.36
37.5
39.8
4
-10
7
5
North America
17.53
40.7
36.1
2
-13
4
4
Western Europe
5.65
11.4
11.6
4
-5
9
2
Latin America
3.45
5.9
7.1
6
-8
-6
-2
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
1.44
1.5
3.0
11
-9
23
7
Africa
1.05
2.9
2.2
1
-10
2
-3
Middle East
0.10
0.2
0.2
3
-19
-7
4
Trade by sector
a Imports of Canada are valued f.o.b.
104
Table IV.15
Leading exporters and importers of food, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Share in world exports/imports
Value
Annual percentage change
2000
1980
1990
2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
United States
53.92
17.6
13.5
12.2
2
-9
-4
4
France
33.16
8.0
10.5
7.5
0
-1
-4
-8
Netherlands
27.92
6.6
8.3
6.3
1
-3
2
-5
Germany
22.85
4.5
6.3
5.2
1
6
-5
-10
Canada
17.63
3.5
3.5
4.0
5
-6
-2
6
Belgium
17.01
-
-
3.8
-
-
-
-4
Spain
15.36
1.7
2.6
3.5
6
-1
-2
-6
United Kingdom
15.28
3.5
4.1
3.5
2
-7
-6
-7
Italy
14.43
2.4
3.4
3.3
3
2
1
-8
China
13.56
1.4
2.5
3.1
6
-7
-4
16
Brazil
12.81
4.2
2.8
2.9
4
-8
-9
-7
Australia
12.48
3.3
2.7
2.8
4
-22
10
5
Argentina a
11.47
2.3
2.2
2.6
6
4
-14
…
Thailand
10.48
1.3
2.1
2.4
5
-9
3
5
Denmark
9.70
2.4
3.0
2.2
0
-3
-5
-5
Above 15
288.05
65.2
70.9
65.1
-
-
-
-
Exporters
Memorandum item: European Union (15)
182.89
34.8
45.7
41.3
2
1
-1
-4
Intra-exports
133.40
23.5
33.7
30.2
2
4
0
-6
Extra-exports
49.49
11.3
12.0
11.2
3
-6
-4
0
United States
49.36
8.8
8.9
10.3
5
3
6
1
Japan
48.58
7.2
10.1
10.1
4
-10
6
3
Germany
32.86
9.7
10.6
6.8
-1
2
-6
-16
United Kingdom
26.80
6.6
6.8
5.6
1
1
-2
-8
France
24.48
5.9
6.8
5.1
1
4
-5
-7
Italy
19.93
5.5
6.4
4.2
-1
1
-3
-10
Netherlands
17.28
4.9
4.7
3.6
1
0
5
-8
Belgium
15.14
-
-
3.2
-
-
-
-7
Spain
13.98
1.8
2.8
2.9
4
5
0
-9
Canada b
12.03
1.8
2.1
2.5
5
3
2
5 3
Hong Kong, China
9.17
-
-
-
3
-13
-11
retained imports
5.87
1.0
1.2
1.2
4
-12
-9
3
9.04
1.4
1.4
1.9
7
-7
1
34
China Russian Fed. c
8.92
-
-
1.9
-
-27
-25
-9
Mexico b
8.56
1.4
1.3
1.8
7
8
3
14
Korea, Rep. of a
6.68
0.9
1.2
1.4
6
-30
18
…
299.51
60.3
67.4
62.4
-
-
-
-
Above 15
Trade by sector
Importers
a 1999 instead of 2000. b Imports are valued f.o.b. c Includes Secretariat estimates.
105
3. Mining products Table IV.16
Table IV.17
World trade in mining products, 2000
Major regional flows in world exports of mining products, 2000
(Billion dollars and percentage)
(Billion dollars and percentage)
Value
Value
813
2000
1990-00
1999
2000
Intra-Western Europe
130.2
3
5
27
Middle East to Asia
113.4
9
29
67
Intra-Asia
95.8
6
12
33
Intra-North America
50.7
9
3
66
Annual percentage change 1980-85
-5
1985-90
2
1990-00
5
1998
-20
1999
15
2000
42
Share in world merchandise trade
13.1
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS to Western Europe
47.2
6
7
54
Share in world exports of primary products
59.3
Africa to Western Europe
38.4
1
14
55
Table IV.18
Chart IV.5
Share of mining products in trade in total merchandise and in primary products by region, 2000
Regional shares in world trade in mining products, 2000
(Percentage) Exports
Trade by sector
Annual percentage change
Imports
Western Europe
Share of mining products in total merchandise World
13.1
13.1
North America
7.2
11.6
Latin America
20.5
11.4
Western Europe
(Percentage)
Asia
7.1
11.1
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
34.3
15.0
Africa
59.7
13.9
Middle East
74.7
8.8
7.0
17.7
Latin America
World
59.3
59.3
North America
41.8
66.2
C./E. Europe/ Baltic States/CIS
Latin America
52.7
55.9
Western Europe
42.8
52.7
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
79.3
58.2
Africa
82.3
48.1
Middle East
96.8
40.1
Asia
52.0
65.3
Asia
North America Exports Imports
Share of mining products in primary products
Africa
Middle East
0
106
10
20
30
40
50
60
Table IV.19
Exports of mining products by region, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Share in Value
World
Region’s exports
World exports
Annual percentage change
2000
1990
2000
1990
2000
1990-00
1999
2000
813.2
-
-
100.0
100.0
5
15
42
196.0 113.4 29.7 24.6 8.1 6.1 2.0 0.2
100.0 45.2 24.9 14.0 3.2 3.4 4.3 1.4
100.0 57.9 15.1 12.6 4.1 3.1 1.0 0.1
22.4 10.1 5.6 3.1 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.3
24.1 13.9 3.6 3.0 1.0 0.7 0.2 0.0
6 9 1 5 9 5 -8 -20
35 29 17 56 31 6 -6 -42
58 67 47 70 59 73 61 -10
172.3 130.2 21.8 7.0 4.4 3.0 1.9 1.4
100.0 80.0 8.6 2.9 1.7 1.7 1.2 0.5
100.0 75.6 12.7 4.0 2.6 1.7 1.1 0.8
24.5 19.6 2.1 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.1
21.2 16.0 2.7 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.2
4 3 8 7 8 4 3 9
8 5 43 34 -2 -11 -2 -10
30 27 66 19 18 46 25 11
115.9 95.8 7.1 6.7 1.9 2.1
100.0 79.7 6.9 8.9 1.0 1.9
100.0 82.6 6.2 5.8 1.7 1.8
13.6 10.9 0.9 1.2 0.1 0.3
14.3 11.8 0.9 0.8 0.2 0.3
6 6 5 1 12 6
10 12 -7 1 -7 15
32 33 19 19 44 22
93.0 47.2 28.6 5.8 3.8 3.4 2.7
100.0 67.7 17.6 I 8.4 2.1 2.5 1.7
100.0 50.8 30.7 6.3 4.1 3.7 2.9
11.4 5.8 3.5 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.3
… 6 … 6 17 13 15
4 7 -11 35 67 32 -15
51 54 43 68 68 -2 325
86.5 38.4 21.7 15.8 3.9 3.6 1.0
100.0 61.5 24.7 5.9 3.3 2.3 1.9
100.0 44.4 25.1 18.3 4.5 4.2 1.1
11.4 7.0 2.8 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.2
10.6 4.7 2.7 1.9 0.5 0.4 0.1
5 1 5 17 8 11 -1
24 14 9 68 46 34 20
55 55 72 51 51 44 13
76.0 50.7 8.6 8.4 7.3 1.0
100.0 44.3 7.7 25.9 20.0 2.0
100.0 66.6 11.3 11.1 9.6 1.3
9.8 4.4 0.8 2.5 2.0 0.2
9.4 6.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.1
5 9 9 -4 -3 0
2 3 -1 -1 10 -16
42 66 47 15 -16 19
73.4 34.7 18.0 11.1 7.2 1.3
100.0 47.2 12.7 20.7 11.6 3.7
100.0 47.3 24.5 15.1 9.7 1.7
10.1 4.8 1.3 2.1 1.2 0.4
9.0 4.3 2.2 1.4 0.9 0.2
4 4 11 1 2 -3
21 31 25 0 8 -7
28 23 40 25 27 19
Middle East World Asia Western Europe North America Africa Middle East Latin America C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
Western Europe World Western Europe North America Asia C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS Africa Middle East Latin America
Asia World Asia Western Europe North America Latin America All other regions
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS a World Western Europe C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS Asia Latin America North America All other regions
8.1 I 5.5 1.4 I 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.1
World Western Europe North America Asia Africa Latin America All other regions
Trade by sector
Africa
North America World North America Latin America Asia Western Europe All other regions
Latin America World North America Latin America Western Europe Asia All other regions
a Includes the intra trade of the Baltic States and the CIS beginning with 1996.
107
3.1 Fuels Table IV.20
Table IV.21
World trade in fuels, 2000
Major regional flows in world exports of fuels, 2000
(Billion dollars and percentage)
(Billion dollars and percentage)
Value
Value
631
2000
1990-00
1999
2000
111.1
9
29
68
Intra-Western Europe
85.4
4
13
38
Intra-Asia
68.1
6
16
39
Intra-North America
38.0
11
3
99
Annual percentage change 1980-85
-5
1985-90
0
1990-00
6
1998
-26
1999
22
2000
51
Middle East to Asia
Share in world merchandise trade
10.2
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS to Western Europe
35.5
5
18
69
Share in world exports of primary products
46.0
Africa to Western Europe
35.3
2
18
62
Table IV.22
Chart IV.6
Share of fuels in trade in total merchandise and in primary products by region, 2000
Regional shares in world trade in fuels, 2000 (Percentage)
(Percentage) Exports
Trade by sector
Annual percentage change
Imports
Asia
Share of fuels in total merchandise 10.2
10.2
North America
World
4.7
9.4
Latin America
14.3
9.5
4.6
8.0
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
Western Europe
25.5
12.1
Africa
53.8
12.2
Middle East
73.0
6.9
4.8
13.9
Asia
Western Europe
North America Exports Imports
Latin America
Share of fuels in primary products World
46.0
46.0
North America
27.3
53.4
Latin America
36.8
46.8
Western Europe
27.8
37.8
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
59.0
47.1
Africa
74.1
42.0
Middle East
94.7
31.7
Asia
35.6
51.3
C./E. Europe/ Baltic States/CIS
Africa
Middle East
0
108
10
20
30
40
50
60
Table IV.23
Imports of fuels of selected economies by region and supplier, 2000 (Million dollars and percentage) United States
Value
Share
EU (15)
Annual percentage change
Value
Share
Japan Annual percentage change
Value
Share
Annual percentage change
2000
2000
1999
2000
2000
2000
1999
2000
2000
2000
1999
2000
139780
100.0
28
76
185085
100.0
12
56
77425
100.0
15
55
Region World Middle East
23684
16.9
52
64
28205
15.2
15
55
47485
61.3
20
66
Western Europe
12819
9.2
43
86
81512
44.0
11
49
106
0.1
59
-54
Africa
20947
15.0
6
84
33252
18.0
11
65
693
0.9
37
19
Asia
4536
3.2
14
54
2195
1.2
-8
20
26632
34.4
10
48
Latin America
41930
30.0
31
68
4360
2.4
15
50
468
0.6
77
8
North America
34225
24.5
16
94
2488
1.3
-20
12
1767
2.3
-15
1
1637
1.2
153
62
26725
14.4
34
59
273
0.4
-10
32
Saudi Arabia Canada Norway United Kingdom Russian Fed.
13957 34225 4076 4233 857
10.0 24.5 2.9 3.0 0.6
26 16 76 53 129
71 94 73 66 50
14166 512 28999 18082 19590
7.7 0.3 15.7 9.8 10.6
-1 -1 7 19 35
117 33 93 95 62
13883 635 57 4 272
17.9 0.8 0.1 0.0 0.4
17 -22 33 -19 -10
73 -22 -54 -5 32
Above 5
57347
41.0
26
83
81350
44.0
15
88
14851
19.2
12
62
United Arab Emirates Venezuela Netherlands Iran, Islamic Rep. of Iraq
115 17209 533 ... 6263
0.1 12.3 0.4 ... 4.5
-37 20 -7 ... 232
320 70 83 ... 39
523 1814 18076 7553 8472
0.3 1.0 9.8 4.1 4.6
-31 25 13 9 52
320 73 60 97 118
14628 0 4 5263 661
18.9 0.0 0.0 6.8 0.9
6 600 13 29 725
69 -100 -70 73 -4
Nigeria Kuwait Mexico Algeria Indonesia
10848 2802 13204 2804 588
7.8 2.0 9.4 2.0 0.4
2 7 34 5 18
136 82 78 49 1
5507 3955 1685 11948 338
3.0 2.1 0.9 6.5 0.2
1 17 21 15 -36
111 194 102 96 52
199 4983 424 20 8370
0.3 6.4 0.5 0.0 10.8
163 29 51 20 19
12 66 37 -79 47
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Australia Qatar Oman Angola
... 699 108 39 3662
... 0.5 0.1 0.0 2.6
... -14 281 -100 5
... 92 -1 … 43
11789 1414 65 15 656
6.4 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.4
18 6 50 ... -6
65 29 -29 ... 190
... 6044 5852 2023 0
... 7.8 7.6 2.6 0.0
... -4 24 55 ...
... 26 70 21 -100
Belgium Korea, Rep. of Malaysia Germany Colombia
697 650 609 518 4231
0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 3.0
33 50 22 27 64
82 100 111 73 16
5954 39 59 5424 1001
3.2 0.0 0.0 2.9 0.5
17 88 -67 14 -15
108 126 502 89 62
5 3415 3280 14 4
0.0 4.4 4.2 0.0 0.0
-3 75 2 28 -8
32 74 53 -22 -78
China France United States Syrian Arab Republic Gabon
756 629 60 2230
0.5 0.4 0.0 1.6
-37 -10 295 13
169 184 133 47
461 4058 2284 2882 235
0.2 2.2 1.2 1.6 0.1
-14 8 -27 51 -52
32 40 33 48 167
2182 7 1132 0 0
2.8 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0
-10 -17 -7 ... 4
59 -29 20 ... -100
117 204 380 51 517
0.1 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.4
7 … 6 -34 29
90 -28 85 144 26
2040 ... 8 1757 173
1.1 ... 0.0 0.9 0.1
-2 ... -69 -10 -14
81 ... 147 50 8
124 1651 498 76 ...
0.2 2.1 0.6 0.1 ...
138 2 54 -40 ...
22 57 23 -32 ...
127901
91.5
-
-
181537
98.1
-
-
75711
97.8
-
-
C./E. Europe/ Baltic States/CIS
Egypt Brunei Darussalam Singapore South Africa Congo Above suppliers
Trade by sector
Suppliers
109
Table IV.23 (continued)
Imports of fuels of selected economies by region and supplier, 2000 (Million dollars and percentage) China
Value
Share
Rep. of Korea and Singapore Annual percentage change
Value
Share
Total
Annual percentage change
Value
Share
Annual percentage change
2000
2000
1999
2000
2000
2000
1999
2000
2000
2000
1999
2000
20637
100.0
32
132
54348
100.0
25
65
477276
100.0
19
65
8666
42.0
8
212
34827
64.1
25
71
142867
29.9
24
69
644
3.1
497
12
642
1.2
149
56
95723
20.1
16
52
Region World Middle East Western Europe Africa
3670
17.8
225
280
2365
4.4
78
2
60927
12.8
14
72
Asia
6558
31.8
21
63
13999
25.8
10
68
53921
11.3
10
54
Latin America
85
0.4
-92
748
600
1.1
80
102
47444
9.9
30
66
North America
103
0.5
-7
-45
1171
2.2
21
15
39753
8.3
8
74
905
4.4
139
144
740
1.4
117
323
30280
6.3
38
63
Saudi Arabia Canada Norway United Kingdom Russian Fed.
1513 1 305 292 778
7.3 0.0 1.5 1.4 3.8
11 -97 325 5013 184
145 91 20 5 137
13458 238 167 91 603
24.8 0.4 0.3 0.2 1.1
19 -25 199 470 106
56 2 2 190 263
56978 35611 33604 22700 22099
11.9 7.5 7.0 4.8 4.6
15 13 15 28 39
78 87 87 87 65
Above 5
2888
14.0
94
95
14558
26.8
19
58
170993
35.8
19
81
United Arab Emirates Venezuela Netherlands Iran, Islamic Rep. of Iraq
357 ... 2 1590 648
1.7 ... 0.0 7.7 3.1
22 ... 53 17 94
126 ... -81 166 459
5902 69 154 3651 947
10.9 0.1 0.3 6.7 1.7
16 158 -18 51 246
70 177 963 68 316
21526 19133 18769 18057 16990
4.5 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.6
8 21 12 23 129
73 70 61 87 80
Nigeria Kuwait Mexico Algeria Indonesia
274 175 0 23 1067
1.3 0.8 0.0 0.1 5.2
-17 ... ... 27
63 230 ... 82
89 4214 28 66 3579
0.2 7.8 0.1 0.1 6.6
9 25 -79 31 36
-69 69 580 -14 44
16916 16128 15342 14862 13943
3.5 3.4 3.2 3.1 2.9
5 21 33 14 21
116 91 79 81 46
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Australia Qatar Oman Angola
25 389 363 3259 1842
0.1 1.9 1.8 15.8 8.9
-23 114 366 -10 132
50 55 1373 415 418
8 2997 3428 1958 662
0.0 5.5 6.3 3.6 1.2
... -6 48 26 445
... 113 133 74 2
11822 11543 9816 7293 6822
2.5 2.4 2.1 1.5 1.4
18 -2 33 25 28
65 46 91 112 80
Belgium Korea, Rep. of Malaysia Germany Colombia
1 2015 361 14 ...
0.0 9.8 1.7 0.1 ...
231 29 45 45 ...
-88 44 97 7 ...
6 318 2107 8 0
0.0 0.6 3.9 0.0 0.0
-42 14 6 37 ...
24 -10 54 5 ...
6664 6438 6416 5978 5236
1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.1
19 48 5 15 44
104 59 61 86 22
China France United States Syrian Arab Republic Gabon
13 102 ... 91
0.1 0.5 ... 0.4
3 6 ... ...
45 -46 ... -
1735 20 933 23 161
3.2 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.3
15 28 48 ... 73
78 -43 18 ... 98
5134 4727 4451 2965 2719
1.1 1.0 0.9 0.6 0.6
-8 6 -11 52 11
72 49 22 50 52
Egypt Brunei Darussalam Singapore South Africa Congo
28 ... 844 14 294
0.1 ... 4.1 0.1 1.4
-49 ... -17 1253 27
157 ... 9 -75 479
240 606 365 148 539
0.4 1.1 0.7 0.3 1.0
81 -24 -41 31 -6
-30 85 230 -33 82
2550 2523 2095 2046 1523
0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3
13 6 -6 -7 7
55 52 40 29 66
16782
81.3
-
-
49519
91.1
-
-
451420
94.6
-
-
C./E. Europe/ Baltic States/CIS
Trade by sector
Suppliers
Above suppliers
110
Table IV.24
Imports of fuels of selected economies, 1990-00 (Million dollars and percentage)
Australia b Austria Bangladesh Belgium Belgium-Luxembourg Brazil Bulgaria Chile China Croatia
1990
1995
1998
1999
2000
1990
2000 a
2170 3147 I 566 9623 I 6045 ... 1099 1259 -
2883 2937 421 9430 6491 1531 1334 5127 871
2715 2318 524 8539 5616 1081 1499 6775 596
3814 2591 ... 9417 5846 1189 1861 8912 859
5533 3695 ... 15387 8872 1741 3014 20637 1145
5.4 6.4 16.5 8.0 26.8 … 14.3 2.4 -
8.2 5.4 7.5 9.0 5.1 15.1 26.6 16.7 9.2 14.5
Cyprus Czech Rep. b Finland France Germany Greece Guatemala Hong Kong, China retained imports Hungary India
270 3172 22332 31966 1518 278 1996 1567 1470 6495
286 1978 2592 18546 I 28760 1876 410 3705 2126 1805 I 8661
243 1866 I 2387 16712 26294 2217 384 3201 1974 1685 8045
315 1832 2676 18862 27305 1530 447 3681 3131 1715 14343
492 3102 4035 30775 43356 3561 620 4534 4103 2690 ...
10.5 11.7 9.5 9.0 7.7 16.8 2.4 5.0 14.2 27.5
12.6 9.6 12.0 10.1 8.7 12.6 13.1 2.1 11.6 8.4 32.0
Indonesia Israel Italy Japan Jordan Kenya Korea, Rep. of Luxembourg Mauritius Morocco
1937 1354 18816 I 57453 471 424 11023 132 1168
3007 1673 14950 53916 477 413 19013 138 1173 I
2686 1804 12010 43273 355 578 18195 138 924
3726 2142 14172 49885 450 439 22875 392 161 1324
6071 3587 23030 77425 194 642 38077 568 244 2010
8.9 8.1 10.3 24.4 18.1 20.0 15.8 8.2 17.2
18.1 9.4 9.9 20.4 4.2 20.1 23.7 5.6 11.1 18.9
Netherlands New Zealand Pakistan Panama Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Romania Singapore retained imports
13221 I 727 1529 244 327 1943 2533 2734 I 2906 9632 9545
12110 744 1890 342 664 2623 2651 I 2729 2195 10030 9934
10480 749 1481 320 649 2230 2964 2047 1431 8173 8074
12698 880 2098 408 660 2566 3281 2692 1051 10080 9966
19911 1446 3598 ... 1099 4110 5297 4016 1583 16272 16159
10.5 7.6 20.3 15.9 11.6 14.9 21.9 10.8 38.2 15.8 22.2
10.1 10.3 32.5 11.6 14.8 11.9 10.7 10.6 12.1 12.1 21.4
Slovak Rep. b South Africa b Spain Sri Lanka Sweden Taipei, Chinese Thailand Tunisia Turkey Ukraine c
... 10331 I 333 4963 I 5953 3084 493 4622 -
1535 I 2225 9442 370 3589 7142 4775 572 4619 ...
1427 2229 8575 ... 3565 6721 3436 433 3621 6065
1457 2438 10577 306 4090 8170 4830 556 5375 5383
2218 ... 18550 ... 6596 13038 7962 898 7515 ...
... 11.8 12.4 9.1 10.9 9.2 8.9 20.7 -
17.3 10.1 12.1 5.2 9.1 9.3 12.8 10.3 13.9 45.4
United States Zimbabwe b
68741 288
62984 239
62152 ...
79273 245
139780 ...
13.3 15.6
11.1 11.5
118933
108033
119470
185085
7.8
83180
73563
81301
130885
8.9 3.8 17.7
Memorandum item: European Union (15) Intra-imports d Extra-imports a b c d
I I I I
139379 I 37430 I 101949
Trade by sector
Share in economy’s total merchandise imports
Value
13.6
Or nearest year. Imports are valued f.o.b. Includes Secretariat estimates. See the Technical Notes for information on intra-EU imports.
111
4. Manufactures Table IV.25
Table IV.26
World trade in manufactures, 2000
Major regional flows in world exports of manufactures, 2000
(Billion dollars and percentage)
(Billion dollars and percentage)
Value
Value
4630
2000
1990-00
1999
2000
1290.0
3
1
-1
Intra-Asia
626.0
12
14
25
Asia to North America
396.0
7
9
15
Intra-North America
313.8
9
12
8
Asia to Western Europe
249.4
7
4
11
Western Europe to North America
224.9
8
10
11
Annual percentage change 1980-85
2
1985-90
15
1990-00
7
1998
2
1999
4
2000
10
Share in world merchandise trade
74.9
Intra-Western Europe
Table IV.27
Chart IV.7
Share of manufactures in total merchandise trade by region, 2000
Regional shares in world trade in manufactures, 2000 (Percentage)
(Percentage)
Trade by sector
Annual percentage change
Exports
Imports
Western Europe
Share of manufactures in total merchandise World
74.9
74.9
North America
78.0
80.0
Latin America
60.5
76.9
Western Europe
80.3
75.4
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
54.2
72.0
Africa
24.6
68.4
Middle East
21.7
74.6
Asia
84.2
70.5
Asia
North America Exports Imports
Latin America
C./E. Europe/ Baltic States/CIS
Middle East
Africa
0
112
10
20
30
40
50
60
Table IV.28
Exports of manufactures by region, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Share in Value
World
Region’s exports
World exports
Annual percentage change
2000
1990
2000
1990
2000
1990-00
1999
2000
4630.0
-
-
100.0
100.0
7
4
10
1959.3 1290.0 224.9 172.6 111.5 50.2 48.8 47.1
100.0 70.6 8.3 8.2 4.1 2.8 2.0 3.4
100.0 65.8 11.5 8.8 5.7 2.6 2.5 2.4
54.2 38.3 4.5 4.4 2.2 1.5 1.1 1.8
42.3 27.9 4.9 3.7 2.4 1.1 1.1 1.0
4 3 8 5 8 3 7 1
0 1 10 2 -9 -6 -12 -6
2 -1 11 13 11 5 4 -2
1389.3 626.0 396.0 249.4 37.8 34.7 17.6 13.1
100.0 36.0 33.0 22.0 2.0 2.9 1.4 1.5
100.0 45.1 28.5 18.0 2.7 2.5 1.3 0.9
24.5 8.8 8.1 5.4 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.4
30.0 13.5 8.6 5.4 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.3
9 12 7 7 12 7 8 4
9 14 9 4 -8 -7 1 -8
18 25 15 11 21 13 3 21
824.9 313.8 178.4 161.2 143.8 15.6 12.3
100.0 35.9 23.1 25.1 11.7 2.3 1.9
100.0 38.0 21.6 19.5 17.4 1.9 1.5
15.2 5.5 3.5 3.8 1.8 0.3 0.3
17.8 6.8 3.9 3.5 3.1 0.3 0.3
9 9 8 6 13 6 6
6 12 5 5 1 -12 -17
11 8 17 9 19 -11 8
217.2 163.7 31.9 13.8 5.7 1.7
100.0 59.7 16.6 13.2 7.4 3.1
100.0 75.4 14.7 6.3 2.6 0.8
2.3 1.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1
4.7 3.5 0.7 0.3 0.1 0.0
15 17 13 7 3 0
8 17 -20 13 9 -19
22 23 19 14 20 19
146.7 87.2 34.0 9.3 7.3 2.7 2.2 1.7
100.0 43.5 32.0 I 12.3 2.4 3.4 3.5 2.9
100.0 59.5 23.1 6.3 5.0 1.9 1.5 1.1
2.1 I 0.9 0.7 I 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1
3.2 1.9 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0
… 15 … 4 20 5 2 2
-3 3 -19 22 -5 -23 -4 -5
17 15 23 11 17 26 26 2
57.0 16.0 15.3 10.2 7.8 2.1 2.0
100.0 32.4 16.4 19.6 17.9 2.6 7.5
100.0 28.1 26.9 17.9 13.7 3.7 3.6
0.8 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1
1.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0
11 9 17 10 8 15 3
15 4 15 27 5 -6 -8
24 24 40 29 24 15 7
35.6 21.1 5.2 3.7 3.6 1.4
100.0 62.1 11.6 5.9 10.5 9.4
100.0 59.3 14.7 10.4 10.1 4.0
0.9 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
0.8 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0
6 5 8 12 5 -3
1 3 -6 0 5 -8
13 12 8 24 18 17
Western Europe World Western Europe North America Asia C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS Middle East Latin America Africa
Asia World Asia North America Western Europe Latin America Middle East Africa C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
North America World North America Asia Western Europe Latin America Middle East All other regions
Latin America World North America Latin America Western Europe Asia All other regions
Middle East World Western Europe North America Asia Middle East Africa All other regions
Trade by sector
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS a World Western Europe C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS Asia North America Middle East Latin America Africa
Africa World Western Europe Africa North America Asia All other regions
a Includes the intra trade of the Baltic States and the CIS beginning with 1996.
113
Table IV.29
Trade in manufactures of the United States, the European Union and Japan by region, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Exports
Value 2000
Annual percentage change
Share 1990
Imports
2000
1990-00
1999
Value 2000
Annual percentage change
Share
2000
1990
2000
1990-00
1999
2000
United States 650.2
100.0
100.0
8
3
13
969.1
100.0
100.0
10
11
15
155.3
23.4
23.9
9
8
8
World North America
156.4
16.4
16.1
10
14
11
141.3
14.2
21.7
13
1
20
Latin America
142.5
8.2
14.7
17
15
21
153.6
29.9
23.6
6
4
9
Western Europe
204.8
24.1
21.1
8
9
11
9.6
0.3
1.0
25
-8
40
3.8
0.3
0.4
12
5
17
15.0
0.9
1.5
16
11
37
437.1
49.7
45.1
9
11
15
2
C./E. Europe/ 4.4
0.4
0.7
13
-22
7
7.3
1.8
1.1
4
-16
12
Africa
Baltic States/CIS
15.0
2.7
2.3
7
-13
-11
Middle East
173.2
27.6
26.6
8
4
18
Asia
European Union (15) 1831.4
100.0
100.0
4
1
2
1783.6
100.0
100.0
5
3
208.9
8.4
11.4
8
10
10
World North America
184.8
8.7
10.4
7
5
9
45.9
1.9
2.5
7
-12
4
Latin America
13.7
0.8
0.8
5
5
14
1208.6
71.1
66.0
4
1
-1
Western Europe
1174.8
74.5
65.9
3
1
-2
C./E. Europe/ 105.3
4.0
5.7
8
-9
11
80.1
1.8
4.5
15
7
10
44.6
3.4
2.4
1
-6
-1
Africa
Baltic States/CIS
21.6
0.9
1.2
7
3
12
45.4
2.7
2.5
4
-7
5
Middle East
13.3
0.6
0.7
8
1
12
159.7
7.9
8.7
5
2
13
287.1
12.3
16.1
8
6
11
Asia
Japan 449.7
100.0
100.0
5
8
14
212.7
100.0
100.0
8
12
20
144.3
34.5
32.1
4
9
11
World North America
52.5
30.5
24.7
6
-1
10
12.9
2.6
2.9
6
-18
15
Latin America
2.1
1.5
1.0
3
20
52
79.1
22.5
17.6
2
3
4
42.3
34.7
19.9
2
9
9
Western Europe
Trade by sector
C./E. Europe/
114
2.4
1.1
0.5
-2
-15
25
1.0
0.7
0.4
3
7
43
4.0
1.5
0.9
0
-6
-8
Africa
Baltic States/CIS
0.6
0.4
0.3
4
-17
40
9.6
3.2
2.1
1
-20
-2
Middle East
1.2
1.2
0.6
0
8
4
190.6
33.3
42.4
8
15
25
Asia
113.0
31.0
53.1
14
22
29
Table IV.30
Leading exporters and importers of manufactures, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Share in world exports/imports
Value
Annual percentage change
2000
1980
1990
2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
United States
650.2
13.0
12.2
14.0
8
Germany
458.7
14.8
15.7
9.9
2
1
3
13
5
-1
Japan
449.7
11.2
11.5
9.7
5
-1
-8
8
14
France
245.0
7.4
6.7
5.3
United Kingdom
229.6
7.5
6.1
5.0
4
8
-1
3
5
-1
-3
2
China a
219.9
0.8
1.9
Italy
209.9
6.0
6.2
4.7
17
3
7
28
4.5
4
2
-3
Hong Kong, China
192.5
-
1
-
-
10
-7
1
17
Exporters
domestic exports
22.1
1.2
1.1
0.5
-2
-10
-9
6
170.4
-
-
-
13
-6
3
18
Canada
175.6
2.7
3.1
3.8
9
4
13
10
Korea, Rep. of
154.6
1.4
2.5
3.3
10
-3
13
20
Belgium
147.6
-
-
3.2
-
-
-
5
Taipei, Chinese
140.9
1.6
2.6
3.0
9
-9
8
22
Mexico a
138.6
0.2
1.1
3.0
19
12
16
19
Netherlands
124.4
3.4
3.3
2.7
5
-10
2
4
Singapore
118.0
0.8
1.6
2.5
12
-11
6
20
domestic exports
63.6
0.3
1.0
1.4
10
-10
8
10
re-exports
54.4
0.5
0.6
1.2
15
-13
3
33
3484.7
75.9
79.2
75.3
-
-
-
-
United States
969.1
11.2
15.4
20.0
10
8
11
15
Germany
337.1
8.8
10.4
7.0
3
10
1
-3
United Kingdom
274.8
6.4
6.9
5.7
5
4
2
4
France
240.2
6.5
7.1
5.0
3
12
0
5
Japan
212.7
2.3
4.1
4.4
8
-13
12
20
Canada b
200.7
3.7
3.8
4.2
8
4
8
9
Hong Kong, China
192.7
-
-
-
11
-11
-2
20
re-exports
Above 15
22.3
1.1
0.9
0.5
0
-32
-29
30
China a
retained imports
169.9
1.1
1.7
3.5
15
3
17
28
Italy
160.4
4.0
4.6
3.3
4
9
3
2
Mexico a, b
151.2
1.3
1.3
3.1
17
13
16
24
Belgium
135.2
-
-
2.8
-
-
-
4
Netherlands
129.0
3.7
3.6
2.7
4
-1
7
1
Spain
111.4
1.1
2.5
2.3
6
14
11
-2
Taipei, Chinese
110.6
0.9
1.5
2.3
12
-4
10
27
Singapore
110.1
1.2
1.8
2.3
10
-21
8
19
55.7
0.7
1.3
1.2
6
-28
13
8
3334.7
56.7
69.2
69.0
-
-
-
-
retained imports Above 15
Trade by sector
Importers
a Includes significant shipments through processing zones. b Imports are valued f.o.b.
115
Table IV.31
Exports of manufactures of selected economies, 1990-00 (Billion dollars and percentage) Share in economy’s total merchandise exports
Value 1990 World
Trade by sector
Argentina Australia Austria Bangladesh Belarus Belgium b Belgium-Luxembourg b Brazil Bulgaria Canada
2390.00 3.57 6.90 36.79 1.21 91.19 16.14 … 73.31
China c Croatia Czech Rep. c Denmark Egypt Finland France Germany Greece Hong Kong, China domestic exports re-exports
44.31 20.93 1.09 22.12 161.31 375.65 4.26 75.64 27.41 48.23
Hungary c India b Indonesia Ireland Israel b Italy Japan Korea, Rep. of Luxembourg Macau, China
6.28 12.52 9.04 16.44 10.43 148.08 275.13 60.60 1.67
Malaysia c Mauritius Mexico c Morocco c Netherlands New Zealand Norway Pakistan Philippines c Poland
15.82 0.80 25.26 2.21 77.82 2.39 11.13 4.39 5.66 8.47
Portugal Romania Russian Fed. d Singapore domestic exports re-exports Slovak Rep. Slovenia Spain Sri Lanka Sweden Switzerland
13.07 3.60 37.55 23.76 13.79 41.68 1.02 47.45 59.59
Taipei, Chinese Thailand Tunisia Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom United States Memorandum item: European Union (15) Intra-exports Extra-exports
62.05 14.58 2.42 8.78 146.71 290.49 1203.33 771.74 431.60
I
I
I
I I I I I
I I
I
I
I I
I
I I
1995
1998
1999
2000
1990
2000 a
3641.80
4055.70
4217.30
4630.00
70.5
74.9
7.10 14.27 46.81 2.90 … 128.49 24.58 3.10 118.22
9.22 14.06 50.46 4.59 5.48 139.73 27.51 2.68 140.24
7.40 14.94 49.40 … 4.44 141.03 25.51 2.37 159.03
... 15.23 48.34 … … 147.55 31.80 2.83 175.64
28.9 17.4 89.1 72.2 77.5 51.4 … 57.4
31.7 23.8 75.6 90.7 74.9 79.3 78.1 57.7 59.9 63.5
124.84 3.42 18.00 29.16 1.39 33.63 218.05 453.44 5.37 160.77 28.02 132.75
160.34 3.47 23.00 30.98 1.41 37.02 240.11 468.07 5.82 162.91 23.06 139.85
172.06 3.24 23.12 32.45 1.30 35.60 238.54 465.34 5.00 164.70 20.89 143.82
219.86 3.22 25.55 31.57 ... 38.71 244.99 458.72 4.83 192.50 22.14 170.36
71.4 56.8 42.3 83.3 74.5 89.2 52.5 91.8 94.5 90.3
88.2 73.2 88.1 63.6 36.5 84.8 82.2 83.2 47.2 95.1 93.5 95.3
19.03 25.21 21.55 53.47 21.51 216.01 365.56 114.21 2.07
21.58 29.02 26.20 60.34 24.06 208.46 393.14 128.67 6.23 2.14
24.49 ... 35.24 65.51 29.55 209.87 449.69 154.62 6.23 2.48
62.8 69.7 35.2 69.2 86.3 87.0 95.7 93.2 98.6
87.2 79.9 56.7 82.0 94.3 88.3 93.8 89.8 79.4 98.1
57.65 1.23 99.88 4.69 117.76 3.78 14.39 7.14 26.46 21.77
67.84 1.17 115.98 4.90 119.74 3.97 14.37 7.06 32.16 21.54
81.30 1.21 138.57 4.59 124.41 3.99 13.27 7.80 34.75 25.32
53.8 67.3 62.0 51.8 59.1 25.2 32.7 78.6 70.1 59.1
82.8 80.8 83.3 61.8 58.5 30.0 22.1 85.0 87.4 80.0
20.96 6.69 22.78 92.93 53.20 39.73 9.21 8.14 84.72 ... 69.74 73.31
21.13 6.66 20.27 98.54 57.68 40.87 8.71 7.71 87.10 3.35 69.92 74.07
19.66 7.95 25.35 118.04 63.65 54.40 9.95 ... 87.78 ... 71.55 73.88
79.6 72.6 71.2 68.2 77.0 74.9 51.3 82.5 93.4
84.3 76.7 24.1 85.6 80.8 92.0 83.6 89.6 77.2 73.1 82.3 90.6
104.88 41.22 4.35 16.04 … 197.60 450.28
107.13 39.33 4.72 20.66 8.58 233.14 558.11
115.68 43.15 4.61 21.02 7.59 224.98 575.33
140.88 54.88 4.51 22.31 ... 229.56 650.17
92.4 63.2 68.6 67.7 79.2 73.8
95.0 79.5 77.1 84.0 65.6 80.8 83.2
1610.60 991.03 619.57
1786.28 1102.67 683.61
1795.29 1114.57 680.72
1831.40 1095.76 735.64
79.8 78.8 81.6
81.4 78.7 85.6
8.70 23.21 22.96 31.12 16.96 206.15 421.62 114.40 1.94 55.09 1.08 61.64 2.43 110.80 4.20 13.59 6.77 13.78 16.27 19.36 6.12 21.68 99.04 57.87 41.16 6.98 7.44 69.74 2.78 60.88 76.10
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
a Or nearest year. b Includes significant exports of diamonds. For the most recent year, the share of diamonds in exports of manufactures was 9 per cent for Belgium, 22 per cent for India, and 32 per cent for Israel. c Includes significant exports from processing zones. d Includes Secretariat estimates.
116
Table IV.32
Imports of manufactures of selected economies, 1990-00 (Billion dollars and percentage)
1990 Algeria Argentina Australia b Austria Belgium c Belgium-Luxembourg c Brazil Canada b Chile China d
6.66 3.10 31.61 40.67 I 88.78 I 12.62 92.90 5.29 42.39
1995
1998
1999
2000
1990
2000 a
6.97 17.20 49.14 54.18 116.03 38.18 135.70 11.80 103.41
6.09 27.81 51.40 56.07 131.05 46.45 169.70 13.79 113.05
6.15 22.59 55.47 55.43 130.34 39.24 183.52 10.41 132.77
… … 56.61 52.72 135.23 43.01 200.75 11.86 169.88
68.6 76.0 78.9 82.8 74.2 56.0 79.7 68.9 79.5
67.1 88.5 83.8 76.6 79.0 78.6 73.4 83.6 65.5 75.5
11.66 6.29 23.32 I 35.14 9.73 3.50 I 24.78 227.18 343.85 22.39
8.41 5.70 23.10 34.29 9.39 3.03 23.84 227.92 346.47 20.20
9.19 5.78 25.64 33.84 … 3.84 24.63 240.16 337.10 17.65
76.5 69.2 56.2 76.2 73.4 71.0 70.3
78.7 73.0 79.5 75.9 58.6 90.1 73.1 78.6 67.4 62.5
Colombia Croatia Czech Rep. b, d Denmark Egypt Estonia Finland France Germany Greece
4.28 23.07 5.18 20.56 172.11 252.63 13.90
I I I I
10.78 5.00 19.82 31.37 7.11 1.80 21.87 208.03 I 332.62 18.31
Hong Kong, China retained imports Hungary d India c Indonesia Ireland Israel c Italy Japan Korea, Rep. of Kuwait
70.53 22.30 7.27 12.17 16.64 15.74 I 11.68 113.13 I 99.95 44.10 2.61
170.56 37.81 11.63 I 19.31 29.57 24.47 23.15 134.78 177.91 89.85 6.29
164.10 24.25 21.67 20.09 18.89 35.88 22.57 152.68 158.73 54.51 6.87
161.03 17.21 24.25 22.79 13.89 38.46 25.87 157.25 177.67 74.52 5.95
192.67 22.31 27.08 … 20.48 41.45 29.04 160.37 212.67 97.32 …
83.2 71.2 70.3 51.5 76.2 76.1 69.5 62.2 42.5 63.1 65.6
89.9 63.0 84.4 50.8 61.0 82.6 76.2 68.7 56.0 60.6 78.1
I
Luxembourg Malaysia d Mauritius Mexico b, d Netherlands New Zealand Norway Pakistan Peru Philippines d
22.87 1.28 32.48 88.95 I 7.56 21.40 3.99 1.61 8.96
64.42 1.44 58.08 113.43 11.50 25.96 6.63 5.69 21.94
48.63 1.60 105.89 119.89 9.03 30.82 5.05 5.99 25.26
7.74 54.33 1.72 122.39 128.18 11.75 27.57 5.21 4.98 25.86
6.99 70.31 1.47 151.18 128.96 10.81 27.52 5.09 5.68 25.74
78.2 79.2 80.6 70.5 79.6 78.6 52.8 57.0 68.7
68.8 85.5 66.6 86.7 65.5 76.8 81.5 46.0 76.5 74.4
Poland Portugal Romania Russian Fed. e Saudi Arabia Singapore retained imports Slovak Rep. b Slovenia South Africa b Spain
7.26 18.11 I 2.95 18.23 44.42 30.63 … 61.65 I
21.61 I 24.12 6.48 28.45 I 20.67 103.32 62.15 5.75 I 7.00 20.81 80.22
37.76 28.30 8.62 41.12 21.96 85.25 45.51 10.11 8.04 18.41 102.17
37.17 30.26 8.01 26.88 20.47 92.42 51.55 8.48 8.01 17.38 113.76
38.14 27.69 9.82 30.77 22.05 110.14 55.75 9.05 … 18.72 111.36
62.8 71.7 38.8 75.7 72.9 71.2 … 70.3
77.4 73.1 75.3 69.6 67.2 81.8 73.8 70.8 80.5 69.9 72.5
Sweden Switzerland Taipei, Chinese Thailand Tunisia Turkey United Kingdom United States Venezuela b
42.77 I 58.01 36.77 24.83 3.91 13.63 169.49 I 375.65 5.05
49.30 68.29 76.85 56.70 5.75 24.41 211.58 607.82 8.24
52.91 67.02 79.29 32.90 6.58 34.64 260.06 757.56 11.68
52.79 68.09 87.27 38.89 6.65 29.93 264.68 842.84 11.02
54.22 69.01 110.64 50.16 6.40 38.16 274.84 969.10 12.73
78.8 83.3 67.1 74.4 70.5 61.1 76.0 72.7 76.5
74.6 83.6 79.0 80.9 73.2 70.7 82.9 77.0 81.2
1121.53 I 772.63 I 348.89
1487.93
1704.15
1749.98
1783.59
75.5
496.91
601.48
635.41
687.83
72.0 78.7 60.5
Memorandum item: European Union (15) Intra-imports f Extra-imports
Trade by sector
Share in economy’s total merchandise imports
Value
71.2
a Or nearest year. b Imports are valued f.o.b. c Includes significant imports of diamonds. For the most recent year, the share of diamonds in total imports of manufactures was 10 per cent for Belgium, 23 per cent for India and 23 per cent for Israel. d Includes significant imports into processing zones. e Includes Secretariat estimates. f See the Technical Notes for information on intra-EU imports.
117
4.1 Iron and steel Table IV.33
Table IV.34
World trade in iron and steel, 2000
Major regional flows in world exports of iron and steel, 2000
(Billion dollars and percentage)
(Billion dollars and percentage)
Value
Value
144
2000
1990-00
1999
2000
Intra-Western Europe
50.1
0
-11
5
Intra-Asia
24.0
6
4
20
-23
43
Annual percentage change 1980-85
-2
1985-90
9
1990-00
3
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS to
1998
-2
1999
-12
Western Europe
6.5
8
2000
14
Intra-North America
6.2
8
-4
12
5.8
3
-11
29
5.2
4
-30
14
Share in world merchandise trade
2.3
Western Europe to North America
Share in world exports of manufactures
3.1
Asia to North America
Table IV.35
Chart IV.8
Share of iron and steel in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2000
Regional shares in world trade in iron and steel, 2000 (Percentage)
(Percentage) Exports
Trade by sector
Annual percentage change
Imports
Western Europe
Share of iron and steel in total merchandise World
2.3
North America
0.9
2.3 1.7
Latin America
2.4
1.9
Western Europe
2.7
2.6
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
7.4
3.3
Africa
1.9
2.8
Middle East
0.5
3.3
Asia
2.1
2.4
World
3.1
3.1
North America
1.2
2.1
Latin America
3.9
2.5
Western Europe
3.4
3.4
13.6
4.6
Asia
C./E. Europe/ Baltic States/CIS Exports Imports
North America
Share of iron and steel in manufactures
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS Africa
7.6
4.0
Middle East
2.4
4.4
Asia
2.5
3.4
Latin America
Africa
Middle East
0
118
10
20
30
40
50
60
Table IV.36
Exports of iron and steel by principal region, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Share in Value
World
Region’s exports
World exports
Annual percentage change
2000
1990
2000
1990
2000
1990-00
1999
2000
143.5
-
-
100.0
100.0
3
-12
14
Western Europe World
66.2
100.0
100.0
61.0
46.1
0
-13
7
Western Europe
50.1
74.9
75.6
45.7
34.9
0
-11
5
North America
5.8
6.8
8.8
4.1
4.0
3
-11
29
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
3.0
3.5
4.6
2.2
2.1
3
-6
6
Asia
3.0
5.8
4.5
3.5
2.1
-2
-9
11
Middle East
1.6
3.6
2.4
2.2
1.1
-4
-27
2
Africa
1.4
3.7
2.2
2.2
1.0
-5
-32
-2
Latin America
1.2
1.7
1.8
1.1
0.8
1
-27
6
Asia World
35.2
100.0
100.0
19.5
24.5
5
-10
20
24.0
63.8
68.3
12.5
16.7
6
4
20
North America
5.2
17.7
14.9
3.5
3.7
4
-30
14
Western Europe
2.4
4.9
6.7
1.0
1.6
9
-43
32
Middle East
1.3
5.7
3.8
1.1
0.9
1
-14
7
Latin America
1.0
2.2
2.9
0.4
0.7
8
-21
19
All other regions
0.6
3.8
1.7
0.7
0.4
-2
-34
-5
Asia
Japan World
14.8
100.0
100.0
11.8
10.3
2
-9
10
11.1
60.5
74.9
7.2
7.7
4
12
15
North America
1.6
19.3
11.1
2.3
1.1
-4
-51
-6
Latin America
0.7
3.1
4.4
0.4
0.5
5
-23
27
Asia
Western Europe
0.6
5.2
4.2
0.6
0.4
-1
-35
1
Middle East
0.5
6.2
3.6
0.7
0.4
-4
-14
-15
All other regions
0.3
5.7
1.9
0.7
0.2
-9
-18
-9
20.3
100.0
100.0
7.7
14.2
10
-11
27
12.9
69.0
63.5
5.3
9.0
9
-2
24
North America
3.6
15.2
17.7
1.2
2.5
11
-7
26
Western Europe
1.7
4.3
8.6
0.3
1.2
17
-46
47
Middle East
0.8
4.9
4.0
0.4
0.6
7
-14
29
All other regions
0.7
1.7
3.4
0.1
0.5
17
-33
3
Asia
Trade by sector
Other economies in Asia World
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS a World
20.0
100.0
100.0
14.0
…
-13
30
Western Europe
6.5
46.7
32.5
6.0 I 2.8
4.5
8
-23
43
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
4.4
14.8 I
21.9
0.9 I
3.1
…
-30
41
Asia
4.1
26.3
20.7
1.6
2.9
9
51
10
North America
1.7
1.4
8.4
0.1
1.2
35
-38
22
All other regions
2.5
10.7
12.6
0.6
1.8
14
-7
24
a Includes the intra trade of the Baltic States and the CIS beginning with 1996.
119
Table IV.37
Iron and steel imports of the European Union and the United States by region and supplier, 2000 (Million dollars and percentage) European Union (15)
Value
Share
2000
2000
United States
Annual percentage change 1999
2000
Region World Western Europe
57093
100.0
-13
8
46350
81.2
-11
5
4710
8.2
-21
22
2000
Annual percentage change 1999
2000
-21
12 14
4955
26.9
-16
4889
26.6
-30
8
Latin America
3393
18.4
-3
11
2926
15.9
-6
9
2455
4.3
-38
35
North America
2.4
-4
25
C./E. Europe/
Africa
1208
2.1
-15
30
804
1.4
0
6
Middle East
174
0.3
-42
159
100.0
Western Europe
1350
North America
18400
Asia
Asia
European Union (15)
Baltic States/CIS Africa Middle East
1641
8.9
-50
33
549
3.0
-17
12
47
0.3
-7
87
13
Suppliers 43489
76.2
-11
5
European Union (15)
4529
24.6
-16
Russian Fed.
1332
2.3
-10
45
Canada
2926
15.9
-6
9
South Africa
864
1.5
-18
32
Japan
1412
7.7
-49
-20
Norway
843
1.5
-20
-1
Brazil
1353
7.4
-6
16
Switzerland
759
1.3
-7
8
Mexico
1311
7.1
-4
4
47287
82.8
-11
6
Above 5
11531
62.7
-20
6
Above 5
Trade by sector
World
Latin America
Suppliers
Poland
739
1.3
2
18
Korea, Rep. of
1052
5.7
-21
-1
Turkey
730
1.3
-23
32
Taipei, Chinese
670
3.6
39
36
Czech Rep.
683
1.2
-11
7
China
646
3.5
-9
57
United States
663
1.2
-5
8
Russian Fed.
518
2.8
-72
18
Brazil
655
1.1
-16
23
South Africa
502
2.7
-17
14
Korea, Rep. of
511
0.9
-44
30
Japan
408
0.7
-25
6
China
375
0.7
-38
Ukraine
371
0.6
-22
Slovak Rep.
356
0.6
-25
Ukraine
455
2.5
-23
79
India
399
2.2
-10
93
68
Venezuela
322
1.8
-5
16
-4
Australia
236
1.3
-24
2
10
Thailand
200
1.1
30
96 52
Taipei, Chinese
310
0.5
-49
32
Turkey
198
1.1
-32
Bulgaria
306
0.5
-35
35
Kazakhstan
185
1.0
63
43
Romania
305
0.5
-43
9
Argentina
175
1.0
37
12
Hungary
257
0.5
-28
16
Romania
132
0.7
17
20
India
254
0.4
-40
29
Indonesia
117
0.6
-23
-11
Slovenia
183
0.3
0
8
Norway
116
0.6
11
-1
Argentina
173
0.3
65
34
Poland
97
0.5
-14
109
Colombia
171
0.3
18
47
Trinidad and Tobago
85
0.5
9
-14
TFYR Macedonia
163
0.3
-41
65
Moldova, Rep. of
78
0.4
-10
0
Kazakhstan
151
0.3
-12
24
Dominican Republic
74
0.4
25
61
New Caledonia
132
0.2
-11
55
Malaysia
66
0.4
41
54
Australia
131
0.2
-43
21
Latvia
54
0.3
37
-31
Thailand
130
0.2
-46
195
TFYR Macedonia
50
0.3
-48
145
Mexico
125
0.2
-21
45
Colombia
47
0.3
9
91
Iran, Islamic Rep. of
108
0.2
-60
192
Czech Rep.
40
0.2
-48
66
55677
97.5
-
-
18044
98.1
-
-
Above 30
120
2000
Share
Region
C./E. Europe/ Baltic States/CIS
Value
Above 30
Table IV.38
Leading exporters and importers of iron and steel, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Share in world exports/imports
Value
Annual percentage change
2000
1980
1990
2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
Japan
14.83
20.4
11.8
Germany
13.39
15.1
15.1
10.3
2
9.3
-2
-7
-9
10
2
-17
France
9.36
9.5
8.5
6.5
3
0
2
-9
Belgium
8.10
-
-
9
5.6
-
-
-
12
Italy
6.81
4.9
5.6
4.7
1
-1
-19
16
Russian Fed. a
6.63
United States
6.32
-
-
4.6
-
-23
-15
33
4.2
3.3
4.4
6
-3
-10
Korea, Rep. of b
5.91
16
2.2
3.4
4.7
6
26
-18
…
Taipei, Chinese China c
4.53
0.4
0.8
3.2
18
-2
11
28
4.39
…
1.2
3.1
13
-26
-19
65
United Kingdom
4.33
3.0
5.1
3.0
-2
-7
-24
3
Ukraine a, b
4.01
-
-
3.2
-
-9
-7
…
Sweden
3.80
3.0
3.2
2.7
1
-3
-11
9
Brazil
3.64
1.1
3.4
2.5
0
-6
-15
17
Spain
3.55
2.5
2.6
2.5
3
-5
-11
18
99.62
73.6
71.4
70.4
-
-
-
-
7
Exporters
Above 15 Memorandum item: European Union (15)
61.60
52.9
57.0
42.9
0
3
-13
Intra-exports
43.49
30.9
39.5
30.3
0
8
-11
5
Extra-exports
18.11
22.0
17.5
12.6
0
-7
-17
12
United States
18.40
10.1
9.5
11.7
6
20
-21
12
Germany
10.86
8.3
11.5
6.9
-2
10
-16
1
China c
9.69
…
2.5
6.2
13
-3
16
29
France
8.71
6.6
7.0
5.6
1
14
-15
17
Italy
8.32
5.1
6.1
5.3
2
13
-19
13
Canada d
5.26
1.6
2.0
3.4
9
7
-10
24
Belgium
5.17
-
-
3.3
-
-
-
19
Taipei, Chinese
4.73
1.4
2.5
3.0
5
-20
-4
12
Spain
4.32
1.0
2.3
2.8
5
15
-4
2
United Kingdom
4.31
4.2
4.3
2.8
-1
-2
-24
3
Korea, Rep. of b
4.00
1.2
2.9
2.9
2
-50
42
…
Japan
3.66
1.1
4.1
2.3
-2
-28
-8
24
Netherlands
3.51
2.9
3.6
2.2
-1
5
-17
6
Hong Kong, China
3.19
-
-
-
8
-10
-15
6
retained imports
1.32
0.8
0.8
0.8
3
-9
-10
9
3.02
2.2
1.0
2.2
12
14
-10
…
95.30
49.8
63.1
61.5
-
-
-
-
Mexico b, c, d Above 15 a b c d
Trade by sector
Importers
Includes Secretariat estimates. 1999 instead of 2000. Includes significant shipments through processing zones. Imports are valued f.o.b.
121
4.2 Chemicals Table IV.39
Table IV.40
World trade in chemicals, 2000
Major regional flows in world exports of chemicals, 2000
(Billion dollars and percentage)
(Billion dollars and percentage)
Value
Value
574
2000
1990-00
1999
2000
209.8
4
0
0
Intra-Asia
65.6
12
15
23
Western Europe to North America
38.8
12
24
11
Western Europe to Asia
28.4
5
15
6
Intra-North America
28.3
10
8
11
North America to Western Europe
24.9
7
4
14
Annual percentage change 1980-85
1
1985-90
14
1990-00
7
1998
2
1999
4
2000
8
Share in world merchandise trade
9.3
Share in world exports of manufactures
12.4
Intra-Western Europe
Table IV.41
Chart IV.9
Share of chemicals in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2000
Regional shares in world trade in chemicals, 2000 (Percentage)
(Percentage) Exports
Trade by sector
Annual percentage change
Imports
Western Europe
Share of chemicals in total merchandise World
9.3
9.3
North America
9.2
6.3
Latin America
4.8
11.2
13.1
10.7
Western Europe C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
6.7
10.8
Africa
4.1
10.7
Middle East
6.1
9.1
Asia
6.0
8.9
12.4
12.4
11.8
7.9
Asia
North America Exports Imports
Latin America
Share of chemicals in manufactures World North America
7.9
14.5
Western Europe
Latin America
16.4
14.2
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
12.4
15.0
Africa
16.9
15.7
Middle East
28.2
12.1
7.1
12.6
Asia
C./E. Europe/ Baltic States/CIS
Middle East
Africa
0
122
10
20
30
40
50
60
Table IV.42
Exports of chemicals by principal region, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Share in Value
World
Region’s exports
World exports
Annual percentage change
2000
1990
2000
1990
2000
1990-00
1999
2000
573.8
-
-
100.0
100.0
7
4
8
2
Western Europe World
320.6
100.0
100.0
65.1
55.9
5
3
Western Europe
209.8
70.2
65.4
45.7
36.6
4
0
0
North America
38.8
6.5
12.1
4.2
6.8
12
24
11
Asia
28.4
9.2
8.9
6.0
5.0
5
15
6
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
16.7
4.0
5.2
2.6
2.9
8
-6
12
Latin America
9.2
2.6
2.9
1.7
1.6
6
-5
3
Africa
7.3
3.5
2.3
2.3
1.3
1
-6
-4
Middle East
7.1
2.9
2.2
1.9
1.2
2
-4
0
Asia World
98.8
100.0
100.0
11.4
17.2
11
12
17
Asia
65.6
62.0
66.4
7.1
11.4
12
15
23
Western Europe
13.3
16.1
13.4
1.8
2.3
9
8
3
North America
12.6
13.2
12.7
1.5
2.2
11
9
10
Latin America
2.3
1.2
2.3
0.1
0.4
18
5
18
Middle East
1.9
1.8
1.9
0.2
0.3
12
9
14
Africa
1.6
1.3
1.6
0.1
0.3
13
4
2
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
0.8
3.0
0.8
0.3
0.1
-2
16
14
35.2
100.0
100.0
5.3
6.1
8
13
14
21.4
57.0
60.9
3.0
3.7
9
20
20
North America
7.3
16.4
20.7
0.9
1.3
11
7
10
Western Europe
5.5
20.3
15.7
1.1
1.0
6
3
2
Latin America
0.5
1.6
1.5
0.1
0.1
8
-3
5
All other regions
0.4
4.7
1.2
0.3
0.1
-6
-5
3
63.7
100.0
100.0
6.1
11.1
15
12
26
44.2
66.5
69.5
4.0
7.7
16
13
31
Western Europe
7.7
12.3
12.2
0.7
1.4
15
11
10
North America
5.3
10.3
8.3
0.6
0.9
12
11
23
Latin America
1.8
0.9
2.8
0.1
0.3
30
9
29
Middle East
1.7
1.9
2.6
0.1
0.3
20
13
20
Africa
1.4
1.7
2.2
0.1
0.2
18
5
5
Japan World Asia
Asia
Trade by sector
Other economies in Asia World
North America World
97.0
100.0
100.0
15.6
16.9
8
5
13
North America
28.3
23.2
29.2
3.6
4.9
10
8
11
Western Europe
24.9
27.0
25.7
4.2
4.3
7
4
14
Asia
23.6
32.2
24.3
5.0
4.1
5
10
12
Latin America
17.6
14.0
18.1
2.2
3.1
11
-2
18
2.6
3.6
2.7
0.6
0.5
5
-7
17
All other regions
123
Table IV.43
Leading exporters and importers of chemicals, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Share in world exports/imports
Value
Annual percentage change
2000
1980
1990
2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
United States
82.27
14.8
13.3
14.3
8
-2
4
14
Germany
69.49
17.2
17.9
12.1
3
4
0
-2
France
41.49
9.4
9.6
7.2
4
6
3
3
Belgium
35.25
-
-
6.1
-
-
-
7
Japan
35.16
4.7
5.3
6.1
8
-9
13
14
United Kingdom
34.95
8.7
8.0
6.1
4
2
-6
1
Netherlands
25.40
8.0
6.8
4.4
2
-8
-12
8
Ireland
25.02
0.8
1.3
4.4
21
52
9
11
Italy
22.49
3.9
3.7
3.9
7
3
4
7
Switzerland
22.29
4.0
4.7
3.9
5
6
4
-5
Canada
14.80
2.5
2.3
2.6
8
-4
6
15
Korea, Rep. of
13.78
0.5
0.8
2.4
19
-4
5
28
China a
12.10
0.8
1.3
2.1
12
1
1
17
Spain
10.64
1.1
1.6
1.9
9
6
8
6
Hong Kong, China
10.43
-
-
-
9
-11
-1
11
domestic exports
0.81
0.1
0.3
0.1
-1
-16
-16
11
re-exports
9.62
-
-
-
11
-10
0
12
445.92
81.6
82.3
77.7
-
-
-
-
Exporters
Above 15 Memorandum item: European Union (15)
293.15
58.4
59.0
51.1
5
6
3
2
Intra-exports
174.57
35.0
37.9
30.4
5
10
0
0
Extra-exports
118.58
23.3
21.1
20.7
7
1
8
6
United States
76.01
6.2
7.7
12.7
12
8
14
19
Germany
44.68
9.2
10.4
7.5
3
15
3
-4
France
38.00
8.4
8.2
6.4
4
8
0
6
United Kingdom
30.88
5.1
6.3
5.2
5
2
0
3
China a
30.21
2.0
2.2
5.1
16
4
19
26
Italy
28.76
5.5
6.5
4.8
4
3
3
1
Belgium
28.31
-
-
4.7
-
-
-
7
Japan
26.04
4.1
5.0
4.4
6
-10
11
14
Canada b
20.06
2.2
2.5
3.4
10
5
9
9
Netherlands
18.74
4.4
4.3
3.1
4
-4
-1
6
Spain
16.35
1.8
2.8
2.7
7
7
3
0
Taipei, Chinese
15.58
1.3
2.3
2.6
8
-13
7
23
Mexico a, b
15.40
1.5
1.2
2.6
15
7
12
19
Switzerland
13.72
2.5
2.6
2.3
5
6
4
2
Korea, Rep. of
13.52
1.3
2.4
2.3
6
-30
22
19
416.26
59.5
68.7
69.6
-
-
-
-
Trade by sector
Importers
Above 15
a Includes significant shipments through processing zones. b Imports are valued f.o.b.
124
4.3 Machinery and transport equipment Table IV.44
Table IV.45
World trade in machinery and transport equipment, 2000
Major regional flows in world exports of machinery and transport equipment, 2000
(Billion dollars and percentage)
(Billion dollars and percentage)
Value
Value
2566
2000
1990-00
1999
2000
Intra-Western Europe
650.0
5
2
0
Intra-Asia
359.7
13
16
29
Asia to North America
249.7
8
11
16
Intra-North America
200.3
9
13
7
Annual percentage change 1980-85
3
1985-90
15
1990-00
8
1998
3
1999
6
2000
11
Annual percentage change
Share in world merchandise trade
41.5
Asia to Western Europe
156.3
8
7
14
Share in world exports of manufactures
55.4
North America to Asia
120.0
9
5
18
Table IV.46
Chart IV.10
Share of machinery and transport equipment in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2000
Regional shares in world trade in machinery and transport equipment, 2000
(Percentage)
(Percentage)
Imports
Share of machinery and transport equipment in total merchandise World North America Latin America Western Europe C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS Africa Middle East Asia Australia, Japan and New Zealand Other Asia
Western Europe 41.5 49.6 34.6 41.1 21.8 4.4 6.0 50.5 60.8 45.2
41.5 48.3 42.7 39.5 33.5 34.3 36.0 40.7 32.5 44.1
55.4 63.6 57.1 51.3 40.3 17.9 27.4 59.9 72.1 53.7
55.4 60.4 55.5 52.3 46.6 50.2 48.3 57.8 52.6 59.6
Share of machinery and transport equipment in manufactures World North America Latin America Western Europe C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS Africa Middle East Asia Australia, Japan and New Zealand Other Asia
Trade by sector
Exports
Asia
North America Exports Imports
Latin America
C./E. Europe/ Baltic States/CIS
Middle East
Africa
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
125
Table IV.47
Exports of machinery and transport equipment by principal region, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Share in Value
World
Region’s exports
World exports
Annual percentage change
2000
1990
2000
1990
2000
1990-00
1999
2000
2565.9
-
-
100.0
100.0
8
6
11
Western Europe World
1004.2
100.0
100.0
50.2
39.1
5
1
3
Western Europe
650.0
67.9
64.7
34.1
25.3
5
2
0
North America
119.4
9.4
11.9
4.7
4.7
8
7
9
Asia
93.8
8.4
9.3
4.2
3.7
6
-3
17
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
55.1
4.7
5.5
2.4
2.1
7
-10
14
Latin America
28.0
2.3
2.8
1.2
1.1
7
-13
4
Africa
25.2
3.8
2.5
1.9
1.0
1
-4
0
Middle East
23.8
2.7
2.4
1.4
0.9
4
-7
6
Asia World
832.1
100.0
100.0
26.3
32.4
10
11
20
Asia
359.7
31.8
43.2
8.4
14.0
13
16
29
North America
249.7
36.3
30.0
9.6
9.7
8
11
16
Western Europe
156.3
22.9
18.8
6.0
6.1
8
7
14
Latin America
22.5
2.3
2.7
0.6
0.9
12
-11
19
All other regions
30.8
4.9
3.7
1.3
1.2
7
-11
9
Japan World
329.7
100.0
100.0
16.7
12.8
5
8
14
Asia
122.4
28.7
37.1
4.8
4.8
8
13
27
North America
116.2
38.0
35.2
6.4
4.5
4
10
11
Western Europe
61.6
23.7
18.7
4.0
2.4
3
3
6
Latin America
10.2
2.7
3.1
0.4
0.4
0
0
0
Middle East
7.5
2.9
2.3
0.5
0.3
2
-23
-1
Africa
3.1
1.5
1.0
0.3
0.1
0
-5
-8
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
1.9
0.8
0.6
0.1
0.1
1
-21
31
Other economies in Asia
Trade by sector
World
502.5
100.0
100.0
9.6
19.6
16
13
24
Asia
237.3
37.3
47.2
3.6
9.2
19
17
29
North America
133.5
33.4
26.6
3.2
5.2
13
12
19
Western Europe
94.7
21.5
18.8
2.1
3.7
14
9
20
Latin America
12.3
1.7
2.5
0.2
0.5
20
-1
22
Middle East
9.3
1.7
1.9
0.2
0.4
17
-4
23
Africa
5.0
1.2
1.0
0.1
0.2
13
1
7
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
3.9
1.2
0.8
0.1
0.2
11
-11
10
10
North America World
126
524.4
100.0
100.0
18.9
20.4
9
7
North America
200.3
38.1
38.2
7.2
7.8
9
13
7
Asia
120.0
21.9
22.9
4.1
4.7
9
5
18
Western Europe
100.1
24.9
19.1
4.7
3.9
6
7
6
Latin America
84.8
10.6
16.2
2.0
3.3
13
1
20
Middle East
10.5
2.5
2.0
0.5
0.4
6
-15
-18
Africa
5.5
1.7
1.0
0.3
0.2
3
-15
14
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
3.2
0.3
0.6
0.1
0.1
16
-23
1
Table IV.48
Leading exporters and importers of machinery and transport equipment, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Share in world exports/imports
Value
Annual percentage change
2000
1980
1990
2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
United States
413.5
16.4
15.1
16.1
Japan
329.7
14.5
16.7
12.8
9
2
3
12
5
-8
8
Germany
272.1
16.3
17.2
14
10.6
3
5
0
France
136.1
7.0
0
6.5
5.3
6
12
-1
United Kingdom
133.3
4
7.6
6.2
5.2
6
0
-2
4
Canada Korea, Rep. of
111.4
3.2
3.9
4.3
9
4
16
10
100.3
0.7
2.1
3.9
15
-4
20
29
Mexico a
99.4
0.1
1.3
3.9
20
14
19
22
Singapore
93.2
1.0
2.2
3.6
13
-11
4
23
domestic exports
49.9
1.0
1.5
1.9
11
-12
4
11
re-exports
43.2
0.0
0.7
1.7
18
-11
4
40
Italy
91.3
4.8
5.2
3.6
4
5
-4
0
Taipei, Chinese
87.1
0.9
2.2
3.4
13
-7
11
28
China a
82.6
0.2
0.9
3.2
23
15
17
40
Hong Kong, China
77.7
-
-
-
14
-5
4
28
domestic exports
5.8
0.5
0.6
0.2
-2
-21
-15
12
re-exports
72.0
-
-
-
18
-3
6
29
Netherlands
65.2
2.4
2.5
2.5
8
-3
8
5
Malaysia a
60.6
0.3
0.9
2.4
19
-2
21
15
2081.5
75.9
83.4
81.1
-
-
-
-
United States
570.9
12.1
17.5
21.6
10
7
13
17
Germany
179.3
6.6
9.4
6.8
5
10
4
1
United Kingdom
153.5
5.7
6.9
5.8
6
4
4
5
Canada b
124.8
5.1
4.8
4.7
8
3
9
9
France
121.9
5.5
6.5
4.6
4
16
2
7
Japan
Exporters
Above 15
106.1
1.6
3.0
4.0
11
-10
14
24
China a
91.9
1.0
1.8
3.5
16
8
22
32
Hong Kong, China
90.8
-
-
-
15
-10
-4
30
retained imports
18.9
0.7
0.7
0.7
8
-24
-30
34
Mexico a, b
88.8
1.6
1.6
3.4
17
16
18
26
Singapore
82.0
1.4
2.2
3.1
12
-19
9
23
38.7
1.3
1.5
1.5
8
-26
13
8
Italy
78.5
3.8
4.4
3.0
4
13
7
1
Netherlands
71.7
2.9
3.2
2.7
6
5
10
2
Taipei, Chinese
70.4
1.0
1.7
2.7
13
4
13
30
Spain
62.2
1.1
2.7
2.4
6
17
17
-2
Korea, Rep. of
59.1
0.9
2.0
2.2
9
-36
40
35
1879.9
51.1
68.4
71.0
-
-
-
-
retained imports
Above 15
Trade by sector
Importers
a Includes significant shipments through processing zones. b Imports are valued f.o.b.
127
Table IV.49
Exports of machinery and transport equipment of selected economies, 1990-00 (Million dollars and percentage) Share in economy’s total merchandise exports
Value 1990
World
Trade by sector
Argentina Australia Austria Belgium Belgium-Luxembourg Brazil Canada China b Croatia Czech Rep. b
1212940 712 3167 15701 32268 5829 47229 10833 -
Denmark Finland France Germany Hong Kong, China domestic exports re-exports Hungary b Indonesia Ireland Israel Italy
9197 8251 78378 209175 21176 7206 13970 2565 367 7447 2930 63233
Japan Korea, Rep. of Luxembourg Malaysia b Malta Mexico b Netherlands Philippines b Poland Portugal
202934 25545 10513 581 16152 30730 2160 3754 3201
Romania Russian Fed. c Singapore domestic exports re-exports Slovak Rep. Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Taipei, Chinese Thailand
1451 26437 17951 8486 21611 24860 20116 26224 5070
Turkey United Kingdom United States
855 74903 182600
Memorandum item: European Union (15) Intra-exports Extra-exports
579293 360776 218517
a Or nearest year. b Includes significant exports from processing zones. c Includes Secretariat estimates.
128
I
I I
I I I I
I I
I
I
I I
I
I I
1995
1998
1999
2000
1990
2000 a
1903840
2189120
2310380
2565860
35.8
41.5
2277 6792 20756 45958 8847 73651 31368 778 6585
4200 6725 23932 52009 12599 87393 50217 1380 10874
2790 7092 24051 52407 11387 101708 58836 1247 11336
... 7262 24199 54897 15532 111436 82600 1195 12894
5.8 8.0 38.0 27.4 18.6 37.0 17.4 -
12.0 11.4 37.9 29.5 29 28.2 40.3 33.1 27.2 44.5
12260 14304 112675 256319 56261 8810 47451 3292 3830 15128 5111 86894
13185 18043 131936 269803 58597 6000 52597 11956 4656 23446 7804 94521
13683 17854 130594 271139 60761 5121 55640 14331 5293 27864 8418 91029
13027 20727 136059 272074 77730 5755 71975 16853 10769 30698 11172 91299
24.9 31.1 36.2 49.7 25.7 24.8 26.2 25.7 1.4 31.4 24.3 37.1
26.2 45.4 45.6 49.3 38.4 24.3 40.3 60.0 17.3 38.4 35.7 38.4
268466 65090 43381 1192 68041 57428 21266 8021 8002
286790 77954 1813 52671 1256 81305 61916 27232 8278 8368
329661 100275 2062 60637 ... 99369 65230 29201 10821 7997
70.6 39.3 35.7 51.3 39.7 23.3 26.8 26.2 19.5
68.8 58.2 26.3 61.7 63.4 59.7 30.7 73.4 34.2 34.3
1209 6439 73025 43336 29689 3961 3319 46718 39587 24794 61404 21878
1429 5708 76018 45077 30941 4010 3035 48360 40183 24518 68311 24505
1949 6857 93183 49940 43243 4672 ... 48168 41841 24978 87136 31969
29.3 50.1 51.5 47.4 38.8 43.2 31.5 39.1 22.0
18.8 6.5 67.6 63.4 73.2 39.2 35.3 42.3 48.1 30.6 58.7 46.3
2402 103537 281488
4056 130538 358168
5037 128284 369298
5667 133289 413516
6.6 40.5 46.4
21.3 46.9 52.9
792812 469762 323050
918955 554191 364764
929306 572651 356654
958909 567705 391204
38.4 36.8 41.3
42.6 40.8 45.5
311501 65646 40679 1269 41577 47217 8902 4829 6266 1038 4943 77604 47791 29813 1615 2614 37999 32620 25673 54956 18997
I
I
I
I
I
I
Table IV.50
Imports of machinery and transport equipment of selected economies, 1990-00 (Million dollars and percentage)
1990
1995
1998
1999
2000
1990
2000 a
3800 1304 17210 18974 I 37679 I 6364 58524 3065 21513
3292 8961 26978 24429 48111 21055 84764 6308 52574
3045 15735 27841 27099 53086 26702 105323 7383 56845
3040 11866 30851 27211 53694 22243 114852 5093 69453
... ... 31697 26294 54788 24274 124839 5809 91931
39.1 32.0 42.9 38.6 31.5 28.3 50.2 39.9 40.3
33.2 46.5 46.9 38.2 32.0 31.8 41.4 52.0 32.1 40.8
I I I I
5184 2009 9363 13822 1681 2969 11428 96807 I 155595 7116
5670 2952 11353 I 16115 1957 4328 14103 111971 169952 10494
3675 2706 11335 15874 871 4198 13663 114352 177307 9960
3640 2568 12906 16020 916 ... 14331 121859 179283 8134
36.2 29.9 35.6 22.8 38.8 33.9 32.3 31.0
31.2 32.5 40.0 35.9 26.8 26.2 42.5 39.9 35.9 28.8
Hong Kong, China retained imports Hungary c Indonesia Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea, Rep. of Luxembourg Malaysia c
23031 9061 3578 9328 7444 I 4047 54259 I 36046 23951 14696
71604 24153 4760 I 16290 13656 9624 59804 75837 49438 46192
72662 20065 11971 9932 22413 9445 72710 74884 31216 36357
69691 14051 14054 5710 24304 10968 77544 85288 43609 3912 40079
90833 18858 16517 9212 26893 12431 78516 106068 59079 3274 51492
27.2 28.9 34.6 42.7 36.0 24.1 29.8 15.3 34.3 50.2
42.4 53.2 51.5 27.5 53.6 32.6 33.7 27.9 36.8 32.3 62.6
Mexico b, c Morocco c Netherlands New Zealand Norway Pakistan Peru Philippines c Poland Portugal
19233 2031 38946 I 3956 11031 1882 860 4921 4336 9362 I
31290 1987 I 52013 5887 12317 3387 2975 14223 8688 I 11336
59961 2939 64264 5002 16502 2126 3082 18157 17858 14085
70462 3217 70420 6189 14509 2253 2389 17982 17543 15587
88755 2711 71741 5478 15320 2048 2417 17895 18114 14317
47.7 29.9 30.9 41.6 40.5 24.9 30.4 37.7 37.5 37.1
50.9 25.5 36.4 38.9 45.4 18.5 32.5 51.7 36.7 37.8
Romania Russian Fed. d Saudi Arabia Singapore retained imports Slovak Rep. b Slovenia South Africa b Spain Sweden Switzerland
1674 8990 27163 18677 7330 33421 I 21038 I 21989
2544 14195 I 10001 72048 42235 2535 I 3204 12011 40323 25758 26795
3234 19053 11293 61451 31762 5213 3682 10381 54354 29146 25696
2744 11989 10657 66850 35909 4213 3727 9228 63617 29056 27605
3811 12605 11849 81981 38738 4466 ... 9920 62237 31189 27786
22.0 37.4 44.6 43.4 42.8 38.1 38.8 31.6
29.2 28.5 36.1 60.9 51.3 34.9 37.4 37.0 40.5 42.9 33.7
Taipei, Chinese Thailand Tunisia Turkey United Kingdom United States Venezuela b
20231 13703 1554 7036 84082 I 214072 2742
41610 33647 2048 11492 108761 357882 3995
48274 18549 2574 18130 141244 431607 6798
54349 21722 2889 15378 146546 489192 5861
70413 29438 2756 20348 153452 570888 7817
36.9 41.1 28.0 31.6 37.7 41.4 41.5
50.3 47.5 31.5 37.7 46.3 45.4 49.9
Memorandum item: European Union (15) Intra-imports e Extra-imports
526400 I 354243 I 172157
709740
862992
907518
934912
39.6
239978
308802
334866
367207
33.8 36.1 29.9
Algeria Argentina Australia b Austria Belgium Belgium-Luxembourg Brazil Canada b Chile China c Colombia Croatia Czech Rep. b, c Denmark Ecuador Egypt Finland France Germany Greece
a b c d e
2021 9969 662 2100 10473 79578 115052 6138
I
Trade by sector
Share in economy’s total merchandise imports
Value
38.0
Or nearest year. Imports are valued f.o.b. Includes significant imports into processing zones. Includes Secretariat estimates. See the Technical Notes for information on intra-EU imports.
129
Office machines and telecom equipment Table IV.51
Table IV.52
World trade in office machines and telecom equipment, 2000
Major regional flows in world exports of office machines and telecom equipment, 2000
(Billion dollars and percentage)
(Billion dollars and percentage)
Value
Value
940
2000
1990-00
1999
2000
Intra-Asia
209.6
18
21
31
Intra-Western Europe
176.2
9
7
7
Asia to North America
131.9
10
10
16
Asia to Western Europe
88.9
9
8
19
Annual percentage change 1980-85
9
1985-90
18
1990-00
12
1998
1
1999
12
2000
20
Share in world merchandise trade
15.2
North America to Asia
64.0
13
16
24
Share in world exports of manufactures
20.3
Intra-North America
40.4
13
9
29
Table IV.53
Chart IV.11
Share of office machines and telecom equipment in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2000
Regional shares in world trade in office machines and telecom equipment, 2000
(Percentage)
(Percentage)
Exports
Trade by sector
Annual percentage change
Imports
Asia
Share in total merchandise World North America Latin America Western Europe C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS Africa Middle East Asia Australia, Japan and New Zealand Other Asia
15.2 16.4 10.7 10.6 4.5 0.5 2.6 27.1 19.8 30.9
15.2 16.3 12.8 12.9 7.8 6.8 7.2 21.7 16.4 23.8
20.3 21.1 17.7 13.3 8.4 2.2 11.8 32.2 23.4 36.7
20.3 20.3 16.7 17.1 10.9 9.9 9.6 30.7 26.5 32.2
Western Europe
North America Exports Imports
Latin America
Share in manufactures World North America Latin America Western Europe C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS Africa Middle East Asia Australia, Japan and New Zealand Other Asia
C./E. Europe/ Baltic States/CIS
Middle East
Africa
0
130
10
20
30
40
50
60
Table IV.54
Exports of office machines and telecom equipment by principal region, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Share in Value
World
Region’s exports
World exports
Annual percentage change
2000
1990
2000
1990
2000
1990-00
1999
2000
939.9
-
-
100.0
100.0
12
12
20
Asia World
447.7
100.0
100.0
45.9
47.6
13
14
23
Asia
209.6
29.8
46.8
13.7
22.3
18
21
31
North America
131.9
37.9
29.5
17.4
14.0
10
10
16
Western Europe
88.9
27.3
19.8
12.5
9.5
9
8
19
Latin America
8.1
1.9
1.8
0.9
0.9
12
5
21
Middle East
3.2
1.2
0.7
0.5
0.3
7
-12
20
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
2.3
0.9
0.5
0.4
0.2
6
-12
30
Africa
1.5
0.6
0.3
0.3
0.2
7
0
-2
Japan World
108.2
100.0
100.0
22.4
11.5
5
7
18
Asia
47.4
26.7
43.9
6.0
5.0
10
16
28
North America
34.3
38.8
31.7
8.7
3.7
3
5
10
Western Europe
23.2
29.5
21.5
6.6
2.5
2
2
16
All other regions
3.2
5.0
2.9
1.1
0.3
0
-20
10
339.6
100.0
100.0
23.5
36.1
17
16
25
162.2
32.7
47.8
7.7
17.3
22
23
31
North America
97.6
37.1
28.7
8.7
10.4
14
11
18
Western Europe
65.6
25.1
19.3
5.9
7.0
14
10
21
All other regions
11.9
4.2
3.5
1.0
1.3
15
4
22
259.9
100.0
100.0
32.0
27.7
11
7
12
176.2
76.2
67.8
24.4
18.7
9
7
7
Asia
31.8
6.5
12.2
2.1
3.4
18
9
31
North America
20.4
6.7
7.9
2.1
2.2
12
14
20
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
13.3
3.3
5.1
1.1
1.4
15
3
27
Africa
5.5
2.7
2.1
0.9
0.6
8
-3
10
Middle East
4.9
1.8
1.9
0.6
0.5
11
12
19
Latin America
3.9
1.6
1.5
0.5
0.4
10
-4
10
Other economies in Asia World Asia
Western Europe
North America World
173.9
100.0
100.0
19.2
18.5
12
11
23
Asia
64.0
33.7
36.8
6.5
6.8
13
16
24
North America
40.4
21.4
23.2
4.1
4.3
13
9
29
Western Europe
34.9
32.6
20.1
6.3
3.7
6
6
16
Latin America
30.5
9.5
17.6
1.8
3.2
19
12
26
4.0
2.8
2.3
0.5
0.4
10
2
7
All other regions
Trade by sector
Western Europe World
131
Table IV.55
Imports of office machines and telecom equipment of selected economies by region and supplier, 2000 (Million dollars and percentage) Canada a
Value
Share
2000
2000
United States Annual percentage change 1999
2000
Region World
Share
Annual percentage change
2000
1999
2000
100.0
13
24
Region 30418
100.0
10
22
World
218729 154039
70.4
13
20
29864
13.7
22
32
North America
13935
45.8
0
16
Asia
10263
33.7
12
21
Latin America
Western Europe
2117
7.0
24
45
North America
16274
7.4
10
56
Latin America
2008
6.6
40
37
Western Europe
14709
6.7
8
19
76
0.2
7
62
Middle East
2104
1.0
24
92
C./E. Europe/ Baltic States/CIS Africa
C./E. Europe/ 56
0.2
9
133
23
0.1
80
28
Suppliers United States
Baltic States/CIS Africa
1564
0.7
37
22
172
0.1
33
18
13
Suppliers 13935
45.8
0
16
Japan
37377
17.1
8
Japan
2832
9.3
6
13
Mexico
27962
12.8
17
35
European Union (15)
2019
6.6
23
45
China
22405
10.2
24
31
Mexico
1920
6.3
43
41
Korea, Rep. of
20894
9.6
47
36
Taipei, Chinese
1512
5.0
21
1
Malaysia
20397
9.3
18
23
22218
73.0
6
19
Above 5
129035
59.0
19
26
China
1290
4.2
31
45
Taipei, Chinese
19360
8.9
7
21
Malaysia
1245
4.1
-2
27
Canada
16274
7.4
10
56
Korea, Rep. of
1182
3.9
15
45
Singapore
14679
6.7
-4
4
Singapore
716
2.4
0
13
European Union (15)
13762
6.3
7
19
Philippines
671
2.2
8
38
Philippines
8908
4.1
7
20
Thailand
413
1.4
44
18
Thailand
5819
2.7
3
9
Hong Kong, China
259
0.9
41
25
Israel
2096
1.0
25
93 11
Above 5
Trade by sector
2000
Asia
Middle East
Indonesia
96
0.3
-9
9
Indonesia
2088
1.0
10
Israel
75
0.2
5
65
Hong Kong, China
1851
0.8
-6
10
Brazil
70
0.2
3
-17
Hungary
1426
0.7
36
19
Malta
45
0.1
10
106
Costa Rica
1095
0.5
188
-30
Hungary
40
0.1
4
103
Brazil
753
0.3
4
95
Switzerland
34
0.1
49
56
Switzerland
400
0.2
104
-4
Australia
29
0.1
-11
46
Malta
383
0.2
-11
63
Norway
17
0.1
90
4
Norway
151
0.1
10
-2
28400
93.4
-
-
Above 20
218080
99.7
-
-
Above 20
132
Value
Table IV.55 (continued)
Imports of office machines and telecom equipment of selected economies by region and supplier, 2000 (Million dollars and percentage) European Union (15)
Value 2000
Share 2000
Japan
Annual percentage change 1999
2000
Region
Western Europe
2000
Share
Annual percentage change
2000
1999
2000
100.0
21
38
Region 315753
100.0
8
11
World
60866
162595
51.5
6
6
Asia
40391
66.4
36
46
Asia
94568
29.9
9
16
North America
14590
24.0
-5
20
North America
45045
14.3
9
15
Western Europe
4777
7.8
20
34
728
1.2
102
120
234
0.4
5
29
132
0.2
52
-21
15
0.0
400
50
19
C./E. Europe/ Baltic States/CIS
Latin America 8216
2.6
22
23
Latin America
2069
0.7
57
46
Middle East
1950
0.6
3
38
Middle East
527
0.2
2
-22
Africa
Africa
Suppliers European Union (15)
C./E. Europe/ Baltic States/CIS
Suppliers 158747
50.3
6
6
14173
23.3
-6
United States
40171
12.7
4
13
United States Taipei, Chinese
9425
15.5
63
66
Japan
25212
8.0
6
8
Korea, Rep. of
6434
10.6
75
42
Taipei, Chinese
12961
4.1
6
18
Malaysia
6430
10.6
49
41
China
11890
3.8
19
36
China
6418
10.5
19
51
248980
78.9
6
9
42880
70.4
22
39
Above 5 Singapore
Above 5
11341
3.6
-4
10
European Union (15)
4671
7.7
21
35
Korea, Rep. of
9645
3.1
28
26
Philippines
3940
6.5
28
54
Malaysia
9039
2.9
2
20
Singapore
3785
6.2
14
26
Hungary
5056
1.6
28
15
Thailand
2474
4.1
4
38
Hong Kong, China
4922
1.6
16
17
Indonesia
847
1.4
7
37
Philippines
3886
1.2
20
14
Hong Kong, China
542
0.9
6
-4
Thailand
3673
1.2
6
18
Mexico
508
0.8
75
81
Canada
2736
0.9
4
70
Canada
417
0.7
19
97
Switzerland
1727
0.5
5
6
Hungary
217
0.4
3
23
Israel
1645
0.5
11
42
Costa Rica
152
0.2
4243
220 -22
Indonesia
1189
0.4
12
19
Israel
129
0.2
52
Mexico
1040
0.3
31
53
Switzerland
91
0.1
19
23
Poland
922
0.3
4
2
Brazil
66
0.1
-50
6500
Czech Rep.
902
0.3
16
63
Australia
55
0.1
-6
-22
Turkey
877
0.3
-8
23
Viet Nam
28
0.0
-15
57
307580
97.4
-
-
Above 20
60802
99.9
-
-
Above 20
Trade by sector
World
Value
a Imports are valued f.o.b.
133
Table IV.56
Leading exporters and importers of office machines and telecom equipment, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Share in world exports/imports
Value
Annual percentage change
2000
1980
1990
2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
United States
153.45
19.5
17.3
16.3
Japan
108.18
21.1
22.4
11.5
12
-4
10
22
5
-11
7
74.05
3.2
6.4
18
7.9
14
-11
5
domestic exports
41.75
2.5
22
4.9
4.4
11
-12
5
re-exports
32.30
8
0.7
1.5
3.4
22
-10
6
47
Taipei, Chinese Hong Kong, China
58.39
3.2
4.7
6.2
15
-3
16
30
50.07
-
-
-
15
-3
5
domestic exports
30
4.00
2.0
1.6
0.4
-2
-17
-16
11
46.07
-
-
-
19
0
8
32
United Kingdom
49.60
6.4
6.5
5.3
10
3
2
13
Germany
45.12
9.9
7.5
4.8
7
7
8
17
Malaysia a, b
44.27
1.4
2.7
5.7
21
-5
28
…
China a
43.50
…
…
4.6
…
18
19
44
Korea, Rep. of b
42.92
2.0
4.8
5.5
13
-6
35
…
Netherlands
36.06
4.0
3.4
3.8
14
-3
12
7
Mexico a
32.99
0.1
1.5
3.5
22
21
22
25
France
32.42
4.7
4.1
3.4
10
15
-1
14
Ireland
25.45
0.9
1.7
2.7
17
17
23
12
Philippines a
24.12
0.1
0.6
2.6
29
31
24
4
774.50
78.4
85.4
84.3
-
-
-
-
Exporters
Singapore
re-exports
Above 15
Importers
Trade by sector
United States
218.73
15.9
21.1
22.5
13
3
13
24
United Kingdom
61.12
7.0
8.0
6.3
10
4
9
18
Japan
60.87
2.6
3.7
6.3
18
-13
21
38
Hong Kong, China
59.37
-
-
-
17
-9
1
36
retained imports
13.30
1.7
1.4
1.4
12
-28
-18
52
Germany
57.54
9.7
9.8
5.9
7
17
8
8
Singapore
54.29
2.6
4.5
5.6
15
-18
14
28
21.99
1.9
2.9
2.3
10
-27
24
8
China a
44.43
…
…
4.6
…
32
38
46
Taipei, Chinese
38.73
1.4
2.5
4.0
18
5
23
33
Netherlands
38.28
3.9
4.1
3.9
12
6
17
3
France
36.11
6.4
6.0
3.7
7
16
-1
18
Canada c
30.42
4.1
3.5
3.1
11
0
10
22
Mexico a, c
27.05
0.9
1.5
2.8
19
19
26
27
Malaysia a, b
25.23
1.6
1.9
3.2
18
-10
16
…
Korea, Rep. of b
24.73
1.3
2.6
3.1
14
-20
49
…
Italy
20.28
4.6
4.4
2.1
4
9
7
8
751.10
63.5
74.9
78.5
-
-
-
-
retained imports
Above 15
a Includes significant shipments through processing zones. b 1999 instead of 2000. c Imports are valued f.o.b.
134
Table IV.57
Exports of office machines and telecom equipment of selected economies, 1990-00 (Million dollars and percentage)
1990
World Australia Austria Belgium Belgium-Luxembourg Brazil Canada China b Czech Rep. b Denmark Finland
1995
1998
1999
2000
1990
2000 a
298490 I
600650
699270
780440
939880
8.8
15.2
738 2887 3491 692 5622 ... 1351 1496
1882 2012 6203 749 11544 14506 488 2280 4672
1627 2706 8392 1068 12997 25344 682 I 3036 7765
1617 2785 8725 1345 14040 30139 676 3221 8405
1801 3463 10744 2376 20631 43498 1283 3385 10696
1.9 7.0 3.0 2.2 4.4 ... 3.7 5.6
2.8 5.4 5.8 5 4.3 7.5 17.4 4.4 6.8 23.4
20934 I 32124 94 34051 5935 28116 537 I 2281 11708 2369 10627 106611
28789 35652 206 36633 4297 32336 4232 2356 18547 4173 9562 85030
28377 38487 210 38418 3610 34808 5432 2976 22751 4880 9460 91372
32422 45122 ... 50067 3997 46070 7132 7280 25447 6939 10417 108179
5.7 5.3 0.4 15.6 16.5 15.2 5.1 0.5 21.7 10.2 4.6 23.3
10.9 8.2 2.1 24.7 16.9 25.8 25.4 11.7 31.9 22.1 4.4 22.6
31824 34644 991 21682 30061 18625 1146 1156 57547 36755 20792
42918 545 44268 1059 26485 33651 23091 1206 1468 60601 38615 21986
... ... ... ... 32988 36058 24119 1279 1367 74046 41750 32296
22.1 27.9 41.7 11.1 7.7 22.7 2.4 3.7 36.5 42.1 25.4
29.9 6.9 52.4 53.5 19.8 17.0 60.6 4.0 5.9 53.7 53.0 54.6
I I
I I
France Germany Greece Hong Kong, China domestic exports re-exports Hungary b Indonesia Ireland Israel Italy Japan
12304 22435 33 12886 4772 8114 505 124 5145 1226 7804 67007
I I I
Korea, Rep. of Luxembourg Malaysia b Malta Mexico b Netherlands Philippines b Poland Portugal Singapore domestic exports re-exports
14339 8207 472 4535 10137 I 1835 342 607 I 19235 14685 4549
33217 32721 1064 11616 20424 7564 406 I 1203 60322 40318 20004
Spain Sweden Switzerland Taipei, Chinese Thailand Turkey United Kingdom United States
1770 I 4173 I 1520 14105 3520 259 19262 I 51658
3767 7999 2257 32568 11660 255 36608 97990
4745 12222 2397 38623 14303 895 43232 113893
5142 14003 2730 44769 15240 821 44044 125664
5129 15068 2967 58389 19138 1008 49602 153448
3.2 7.3 2.4 21.0 15.3 2.0 10.4 13.1
4.5 17.3 3.6 39.4 27.7 3.8 17.5 19.6
Memorandum item: European Union (15) Intra-exports Extra-exports
92894 I 65803 I 27091
160656 106315 54341
210279 140933 69346
225270 149852 75418
252953 158747 94206
6.2 6.7 5.1
11.2 11.4 11.0
I I
Trade by sector
Share in economy’s total merchandise exports
Value
a Or nearest year. b Includes significant exports from processing zones.
135
Table IV.58
Imports of office machines and telecom equipment of selected economies, 1990-00 (Million dollars and percentage) Share in economy’s total merchandise imports
Value
Trade by sector
1990
1998
1999
2000
1990
2000 a
Argentina Australia b Austria Belgium Belgium-Luxembourg Brazil Canada b Chile China c Colombia
305 4262 3887 I 4737 I 1514 10475 456 ... 364
1919 8123 4430 7009 5230 19815 1076 14352 1343
3236 7771 5588 9614 6207 22703 1658 22042 1758
2899 9241 6123 10571 5922 24884 1553 30489 1026
... 10645 5929 11850 7900 30418 1681 44427 1048
7.5 10.6 7.9 4.0 6.7 9.0 5.9 ... 6.5
11.4 15.8 8.6 6.9 5.8 13.5 12.7 9.3 19.7 9.0
Czech Rep. b, c Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hong Kong, China retained imports Hungary c Indonesia Ireland
2349 2190 18013 29421 720 12326 4212 670 892 2844
1962 4106 3827 24833 I 44152 1194 40214 12098 1015 I 1725 8008
2011 I 4730 4513 30955 49267 2017 43032 10696 3732 753 12325
2146 5045 4497 30640 53080 1950 43554 8746 4434 413 13924
3079 5405 5489 36109 57535 1904 59371 13301 6034 705 15932
7.0 8.1 7.7 8.3 3.6 14.5 13.4 6.5 4.1 13.8
9.5 12.1 16.3 11.8 11.5 6.7 27.7 37.5 18.8 2.1 31.7
Israel Italy Japan Korea, Rep. of Luxembourg Malaysia c Malta Mexico b, c Netherlands New Zealand
939 13310 I 11259 7741 5744 488 4640 12244 I 905
2556 15380 37678 16467 22164 964 9563 20759 1515
3013 17579 36549 16573 21697 878 16897 31740 1285
3594 18856 44060 24729 959 25233 993 21234 37264 1514
4894 20282 60866 ... ... ... ... 27053 38279 1618
5.6 7.3 4.8 11.1 19.6 24.8 11.5 9.7 9.5
12.8 8.7 16.0 20.7 8.9 38.8 34.7 15.5 19.4 11.5
Norway Paraguay Peru Philippines c Poland Portugal Romania Saudi Arabia Singapore retained imports Slovak Rep. b
1732 320 100 2044 784 1594 I 211 811 13392 8842 -
2968 585 687 6788 1816 I 2329 523 1203 43769 23765 565 I
3321 255 717 12132 3793 2739 894 1266 37163 16371 884
3251 211 603 11860 4345 3159 757 1398 42281 20295 693
3354 224 ... 12088 4717 2879 1257 1242 54285 21989 721
6.4 23.7 3.5 15.7 6.8 6.3 2.8 3.4 22.0 20.6 -
9.9 9.9 8.8 34.9 9.6 7.6 9.6 3.8 40.3 29.1 5.6
Slovenia South Africa b Spain Sweden Switzerland Taipei, Chinese Thailand Turkey United Kingdom United States
... 7111 I 4824 I 4797 7438 3421 1234 23986 I 63365
449 2693 7649 7660 6521 18766 10368 1677 37304 139927
511 3891 10255 9471 6846 23764 8037 3346 47437 155908
591 3255 12311 8928 7604 29173 9752 4325 51742 176840
... ... 12790 9638 8206 38731 14575 5522 61119 218729
... 8.1 8.9 6.9 13.6 10.2 5.5 10.8 12.3
5.9 13.5 8.3 13.3 9.9 27.7 23.5 10.2 18.4 17.4
682 131
1117 ...
1133 123
... ...
5.6 3.2
8.4 5.8
208594
264717
285124
315753
13.4
102279
123784
135272
157007
8.2 6.3 11.4
Venezuela b Zimbabwe b Memorandum item: European Union (15) Intra-imports d Extra-imports a b c d
136
1995
I I I I I
I
367 59 127230 I 61513 I 65717
Or nearest year. Imports are valued f.o.b. Includes significant imports into processing zones. See the Technical Notes for information on intra-EU imports.
16.3
Automotive products Table IV.59
Table IV.60
World trade in automotive products, 2000
Major regional flows in world exports of automotive products, 2000
(Billion dollars and percentage)
(Billion dollars and percentage)
Value
Value
571
Annual percentage change
Annual percentage change
2000
1990-00
1999
2000
Intra-Western Europe
203.3
4
1
-2
1980-85
5
1985-90
14
1990-00
6
Intra-North America
98.2
8
20
-1
1998
5
Asia to North America
54.7
4
21
11
1999
5
2000
4
Latin America to North America
30.8
20
20
24
Western Europe to North America
28.0
6
10
5
Intra-Asia
20.9
5
17
22
Share in world merchandise trade
9.2
Share in world exports of manufactures
12.3
Table IV.61
Chart IV.12
Share of automotive products in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2000
Regional shares in world trade in automotive products, 2000
(Percentage)
(Percentage)
Imports
Share of automotive products in total merchandise World North America Latin America Western Europe C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS Africa Middle East Asia Australia, Japan and New Zealand Other Asia
Trade by sector
Exports
Western Europe 9.2 12.1 11.0 11.1 6.4 0.9 0.5 6.8 16.2 2.1
9.2 15.1 9.4 10.1 7.7 7.6 9.1 2.7 4.6 2.0
12.3 15.6 18.1 13.8 11.8 3.6 2.2 8.1 19.2 2.4
12.3 18.9 12.2 13.4 10.7 11.1 12.2 3.9 7.4 2.7
North America
Asia Exports Imports
Latin America
Share of automotive products in manufactures World North America Latin America Western Europe C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS Africa Middle East Asia Australia, Japan and New Zealand Other Asia
C./E. Europe/ Baltic States/CIS
Middle East
Africa 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
137
Table IV.62
Exports of automotive products by principal region, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Share in Value
World
Region’s exports
World exports
Annual percentage change
2000
1990
2000
1990
2000
1990-00
1999
2000
571.3
-
-
100.0
100.0
6
5
4
Western Europe World
271.0
100.0
100.0
54.4
47.4
5
0
1
Western Europe
203.3
78.2
75.0
42.6
35.6
4
1
-2
North America
28.0
8.9
10.3
4.9
4.9
6
10
5
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
12.3
1.3
4.6
0.7
2.2
18
-11
19
Asia
12.1
5.7
4.5
3.1
2.1
2
-1
16
Latin America
5.6
1.1
2.1
0.6
1.0
11
-24
10
Africa
5.1
3.1
1.9
1.7
0.9
-1
0
4
Middle East
4.3
1.5
1.6
0.8
0.8
5
-14
28
North America World
128.4
100.0
100.0
19.1
22.5
8
13
3
North America
98.2
77.6
76.4
14.8
17.2
8
20
-1
Latin America
34
15.9
7.7
12.4
1.5
2.8
13
-6
Western Europe
6.8
6.3
5.3
1.2
1.2
6
1
-8
Asia
5.4
5.9
4.2
1.1
1.0
4
-7
18
All other regions
2.1
2.5
1.6
0.5
0.4
3
-32
13
Asia World
112.7
100.0
100.0
22.4
19.7
5
9
8
North America
54.7
51.1
48.6
11.5
9.6
4
21
11
Asia
20.9
17.8
18.6
4.0
3.7
5
17
22
Western Europe
19.8
21.4
17.6
4.8
3.5
3
3
-11
Middle East
7.0
4.1
6.2
0.9
1.2
9
-13
10
Latin America
5.1
2.4
4.6
0.5
0.9
11
-30
15
Africa
2.9
2.5
2.5
0.6
0.5
5
-5
-4
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
1.7
0.3
1.5
0.1
0.3
22
-19
-9
6
Japan
Trade by sector
World
88.1
100.0
100.0
20.8
15.4
3
7
North America
47.2
51.5
53.5
10.7
8.3
3
18
9
Asia
15.1
16.9
17.2
3.5
2.6
3
12
23
Western Europe
-13
14.7
22.1
16.6
4.6
2.6
0
1
Middle East
4.7
4.2
5.3
0.9
0.8
5
-18
3
Latin America
3.9
2.5
4.4
0.5
0.7
9
-30
14
Africa
1.9
2.5
2.1
0.5
0.3
1
-10
-4
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
0.7
0.3
0.8
0.1
0.1
15
-28
19
Latin America World
138
39.3
100.0
100.0
2.3
6.9
18
4
21
North America
30.8
70.5
78.4
1.6
5.4
20
20
24
Latin America
5.7
12.7
14.6
0.3
1.0
20
-43
25
Western Europe
2.4
14.3
6.0
0.3
0.4
9
46
-11
All other regions
0.4
2.5
1.0
0.1
0.1
8
-39
30
Table IV.63
Imports of automotive products of selected economies by region and supplier, 2000 (Million dollars and percentage)
Value
Share
2000
2000
Annual percentage change 1999
Value
2000
2000
Canada a
1999
2000
20
11
Region 46276
100.0
13
2
World
172727
100.0
37573
81.2
12
-1
North America
60191
34.8
23
1
4183
9.0
24
12
Asia
52651
30.5
19
16 30
Latin America
2702
5.8
23
41
Latin America
29940
17.3
17
Western Europe
1690
3.7
6
5
Western Europe
29361
17.0
18
7
All other regions
19
0.0
13
12
All other regions
583
0.3
35
63
Suppliers United States Japan
Suppliers 37573
81.2
12
-1
Canada
60191
34.8
23
1
3493
7.5
21
7
Japan
44774
25.9
16
12
Mexico
2590
5.6
23
40
European Union (15)
1669
3.6
7
6
515
1.1
75
52
45840
99.1
-
-
Korea, Rep. of Above 5
European Union (15)
29170
16.9
18
7
Mexico
29011
16.8
17
31
5491
3.2
69
59
168637
97.6
-
-
16
Korea, Rep. of Above 5
European Union (15)
Japan
Region World
Region 233884
100.0
3
-4
9957
100.0
10
189491
81.0
2
-4
Western Europe
6020
60.5
13
6
21292
9.1
5
-8
North America
2307
23.2
-6
18
Asia
1067
10.7
30
25
13244
5.7
19
12
Latin America
291
2.9
143
223
North America
6573
2.8
11
-10
All other regions
272
2.7
-6
1600
Latin America
1750
0.7
19
-12
All other regions
1196
0.5
60
-10
European Union (15)
6015
60.4
13
6
United States
2164
21.7
-10
19
Western Europe Asia C./E. Europe/ Baltic States/CIS
Suppliers European Union (15)
World
Suppliers 186153
79.6
2
-4
16118
6.9
1
-10
United States
5475
2.3
2
-7
Mexico
288
2.9
159
227
Hungary
4304
1.8
27
-1
Thailand
210
2.1
38
18
Czech Rep.
3858
1.6
19
19
Taipei, Chinese
209
2.1
27
18
215909
92.3
-
-
8886
89.2
-
-
Japan
Above 5
Above 5
Trade by sector
North America Asia
2000
Annual percentage change
United States
Region World
Share
a Imports are valued f.o.b.
139
Table IV.64
Leading exporters and importers of automotive products, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Share in world exports/imports
Value
Annual percentage change
2000
1980
1990
2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
Germany
92.17
21.0
21.9
16.1
Japan
88.08
19.8
20.8
15.4
3
5
2
-3
3
-3
7
United States
67.90
11.9
10.2
6
11.9
8
-1
3
Canada
60.66
6.9
8
8.9
10.6
8
2
24
France
39.89
0
9.9
8.2
7.0
4
12
3
1
Mexico a Spain
30.65
0.3
1.5
5.4
21
9
20
18
28.13
1.8
3.7
4.9
9
9
2
2
United Kingdom
25.56
5.8
4.4
4.5
6
0
1
-3
Belgium
25.01
-
-
4.4
-
-
-
0
Italy
18.36
4.5
4.1
3.2
4
6
-2
-1
Korea, Rep. of
15.37
0.1
0.7
2.7
21
-7
15
18
Sweden
10.77
2.8
2.4
1.9
3
12
-1
2
Netherlands
8.66
1.1
1.5
1.5
6
16
1
-7
Austria
7.79
0.5
1.1
1.4
8
8
10
0
Hungary a
4.77
…
0.2
0.8
22
61
23
1
523.74
91.2
95.2
91.7
-
-
-
-
11
Exporters
Above 15
Importers
Trade by sector
United States
172.73
20.3
24.7
29.4
8
8
20
Canada b
46.28
8.7
7.7
7.9
7
1
13
2
Germany
42.24
6.2
9.6
7.2
3
0
4
-11
United Kingdom
36.08
5.7
7.1
6.1
5
5
5
-10
France
30.53
5.4
6.7
5.2
4
22
6
1
Spain
26.31
0.9
3.2
4.5
10
22
18
-3
Italy
25.31
5.5
5.6
4.3
3
11
8
-6
Belgium
23.56
-
-
4.0
-
-
-
0
Mexico a, b
18.82
1.8
1.6
3.2
14
7
19
36
Netherlands
12.61
2.6
2.6
2.1
4
15
2
-10
Japan
9.96
0.5
2.3
1.7
3
-23
10
16
Australia b
8.02
1.3
1.2
1.4
8
3
8
3
Austria
7.75
1.6
1.7
1.3
3
10
5
-7
Sweden
7.57
1.5
1.4
1.3
5
10
5
10
Switzerland
6.35
1.8
1.9
1.1
0
16
6
-3
474.09
68.8
82.8
80.6
-
-
-
-
Above 15
a Includes significant shipments through processing zones. b Imports are valued f.o.b.
140
Table IV.65
Exports of automotive products of selected economies, 1990-00 (Million dollars and percentage) Share in economy’s total merchandise exports
Value 1990
World
318940
I
Argentina Austria Belgium Belgium-Luxembourg Brazil Canada Czech Rep. b Finland France Germany
200 3526 18046 2034 28442 797 26194 69955
Hungary b India Italy Japan Korea, Rep. of Luxembourg Mexico b Netherlands Oman Poland
648 198 13017 66230 2301 4708 4673 119 374
Portugal Romania Slovak Rep. Slovenia Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States
1084 354 11729 7719 153 14087 32547
I
171579 125828 45751
I I
Memorandum item: European Union (15) Intra-exports Extra-exports
I I
I I I
I
I
I I I
1995
1998
1999
2000
1990
2000 a
452180
521870
548480
571320
9.4
9.2
1374 5785 24595 2955 43064 1532 1091 33422 85709
3186 7097 25361 5210 48736 3752 1245 38655 93439
1806 7809 25121 3868 60531 4036 1254 39655 94958
... 7789 25013 4682 60656 4662 1257 39885 92167
1.6 8.5 15.3 6.5 22.3 3.0 12.1 16.6
7.7 12.2 13.4 14.2 8.5 21.9 16.1 2.8 13.4 16.7
3827 469 18847 77605 11373 21772 9134 582 1839
4715 463 18555 82733 13035 239 26039 9270 512 2438
4765 ... 18363 88082 15368 ... 30645 8655 ... 3601
6.5 1.1 7.6 23.0 3.5 11.6 3.5 2.2 2.6
17.0 1.3 7.7 18.4 8.9 3.0 18.4 4.1 7.1 11.4
3666 115 1946 1319 27152 10634 799 26163 61059
3555 161 1886 1120 27626 10535 1438 26458 62923
3152 195 2400 ... 28127 10771 1517 25557 67901
6.6 7.1 21.1 13.4 1.2 7.6 8.3
13.5 1.9 20.2 13.0 24.7 12.4 5.7 9.0 8.7
264621 190615 74006
265264 193695 71569
266839 186153 80685
11.4 12.8 8.6
11.9 13.4 9.4
659 568 18372 80680 9166 14258 6943 459 996 2286 153 344 970 22603 9556 642 19964 52505
231348 163703 67645
I
I
I
I
I
Trade by sector
a Or nearest year. b Includes significant exports from processing zones.
141
Table IV.66
Imports of automotive products of selected economies, 1990-00 (Million dollars and percentage) Share in economy’s total merchandise imports
Trade by sector
Value 1990
1995
1998
1999
2000
1990
2000 a
Argentina Australia b Austria Belgium Belgium-Luxembourg Brazil Canada b Chile Colombia Czech Rep. b, c
183 3794 5521 18481 532 24640 579 416 -
2309 6173 7544 25072 5968 33471 1780 1111 1472
5235 7203 7877 23263 6355 40038 1758 1008 2225
3072 7783 8285 23497 4097 45252 973 435 2326
... 8017 7745 23558 4314 46276 1507 590 2573
4.5 9.5 11.2 15.4 2.4 21.1 7.5 7.4 -
12.0 11.9 11.3 13.8 13.9 7.4 19.3 8.3 5.1 8.0
Denmark Ecuador Egypt Finland France Germany Greece Hong Kong, China retained imports Hungary c Indonesia
1541 157 416 2595 21595 30856 1934 994 666 715 1523
3025 693 634 1925 27660 44918 2093 4394 3257 931 3139
3396 492 661 2608 28566 45653 2487 3601 2372 1889 954
3085 186 590 2577 30378 47683 2917 1755 1035 2520 716
2443 184 ... 2373 30532 42241 2384 2270 1510 2481 1870
4.6 8.5 4.5 9.6 9.2 8.7 9.8 1.2 2.1 6.9 7.0
5.5 5.4 3.7 7.0 10.0 8.4 8.4 1.1 4.3 7.7 5.6
Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea, Rep. of Kuwait Luxembourg Malaysia c Mexico b, c Morocco c
1236 871 18090 7315 929 453 1312 5268 317
3068 1774 24983 7814 918 1375 750 11703 506
3107 1856 26919 8597 1393 1216 952 1351 13873 540
3633 2298 25314 9957 ... ... ... ... 18816 ...
6.0 5.2 9.9 3.1 1.3 11.4 4.5 13.1 4.7
7.2 6.0 10.9 2.6 1.2 16.0 8.8 2.1 10.3 5.4
Netherlands New Zealand Norway Oman Peru Philippines c Poland Portugal Romania Saudi Arabia
8244 1012 1419 429 176 537 391 3196 409 2839
13748 1299 3152 996 761 573 4770 5771 430 2696
14049 1685 2712 800 546 816 5593 6415 236 2579
12606 1480 2608 ... 511 973 5803 5788 429 3815
6.5 10.6 5.2 16.0 6.2 4.1 3.4 12.7 5.4 11.8
6.4 10.5 7.7 17.1 6.9 2.8 11.8 15.3 3.3 11.6
1642 1525 2518 22986 6581 6181 2608 567 564 4029
1260 1478 2343 27067 6899 6542 2253 1448 655 3303
1403 ... ... 26308 7565 6347 2692 2319 ... 5831
... 11.6 8.4 8.7 4.7 7.9 5.5 5.3
11.0 14.9 9.7 17.1 10.4 7.7 1.9 3.7 7.7 10.8
I
I
I I I I
I I
I
I
1406 2304 18829 11930 2218 1003 2785 4400 314 11373 1642 2433 768 866 1569 1693 3996 312 2138
I
I
I
... 10133 4585 6048 2565 2651 306 1177
United Kingdom United States Venezuela b Zimbabwe b
22821 79320 426 129
I
29204 108016 1076 321
38260 129834 1888 ...
40104 155723 1106 181
36078 172727 ... ...
10.2 15.3 6.5 7.0
10.9 13.7 8.2 8.5
150825 127496 23329
I I
194844
234860
242910
233884
9.9
31141
44245
49216
47731
9.7 13.0 4.0
a b c d
I I
Or nearest year. Imports are valued f.o.b. Includes significant imports into processing zones. See the Technical Notes for information on intra-EU imports.
447 1326 3061 16464 5168 6467 4495 5184 462 1730
I
I
I
Slovak Rep. b Slovenia South Africa b Spain Sweden Switzerland Taipei, Chinese Thailand Tunisia Turkey
Memorandum item: European Union (15) Intra-imports d Extra-imports
142
I
4.9
4.4 Textiles Table IV.67
Table IV.68
World trade in textiles, 2000
Major regional flows in world exports of textiles, 2000
(Billion dollars and percentage)
(Billion dollars and percentage)
Value
Value
157
Annual percentage change
2000
1990-00
1999
2000
Intra-Asia
42.8
7
6
17
Intra-Western Europe
38.7
-1
-10
-8
Annual percentage change 1980-85
-1
1985-90
15
1990-00
4
1998
-4
Asia to North America
8.2
8
4
15
1999
-2
Asia to Western Europe
8.0
3
-8
3
2000
7 C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
7.5
12
-6
5
North America to Latin America
5.2
16
24
29
Western Europe to
Share in world merchandise trade
2.5
Share in world exports of manufactures
3.4
Table IV.69
Chart IV.13
Share of textiles in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2000
Regional shares in world trade in textiles, 2000 (Percentage)
(Percentage) Imports
Asia
Share of textiles in total merchandise World North America Latin America Western Europe C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS Africa Middle East Asia Australia, Japan and New Zealand Other Asia
2.5 1.2 1.4 2.4 1.9 0.9 0.8 4.3 1.4 5.8
2.5 1.5 3.3 2.2 4.4 5.5 4.3 3.4 1.6 4.1
Western Europe
North America Exports Imports
Latin America
Share of textiles in manufactures World North America Latin America Western Europe C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS Africa Middle East Asia Australia, Japan and New Zealand Other Asia
Trade by sector
Exports
3.4 1.6 2.3 3.0 3.4 3.6 3.5 5.1 1.6 6.9
3.4 1.8 4.3 2.9 6.2 8.0 5.8 4.8 2.6 5.6
C./E. Europe/ Baltic States/CIS
Middle East
Africa 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
143
Table IV.70
Exports of textiles by principal region, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Share in Value
Region’s exports
World exports
Annual percentage change
2000
1990
2000
1990
2000
1990-00
1999
2000
157.5
-
-
100.0
100.0
4
-2
7
71.4
100.0
100.0
35.3
45.4
7
3
15
42.8
57.9
60.0
20.4
27.2
7
6
17
North America
8.2
10.4
11.5
3.7
5.2
8
4
15
Western Europe
8.0
16.2
11.3
5.7
5.1
3
-8
3
Middle East
4.8
6.5
6.7
2.3
3.0
7
1
19
Latin America
3.8
2.4
5.3
0.8
2.4
16
-1
22
Africa
2.7
2.9
3.8
1.0
1.7
10
7
11
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
1.0
2.5
1.4
0.9
0.6
1
-10
20
World Asia World Asia
Japan World
7.0
100.0
100.0
5.6
4.5
2
10
6
Asia
5.4
60.3
76.2
3.4
3.4
4
17
10
Western Europe
0.7
14.2
9.5
0.8
0.4
-2
-2
-9
North America
0.6
11.2
8.9
0.6
0.4
-1
1
4
Middle East
0.3
9.5
3.9
0.5
0.2
-7
-20
-7
All other regions
0.1
4.7
1.6
0.3
0.1
-9
-8
4
64.4
100.0
100.0
29.7
40.9
8
2
16
37.5
57.5
58.2
17.1
23.8
8
5
18
North America
7.6
10.2
11.7
3.0
4.8
9
4
16
Western Europe
7.4
16.6
11.5
4.9
4.7
4
-9
4
Middle East
4.5
5.9
7.0
1.8
2.9
9
3
21
Latin America
3.7
2.6
5.8
0.8
2.4
17
-1
23
Africa
2.7
3.1
4.1
0.9
1.7
11
7
11
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
1.0
2.5
1.5
0.8
0.6
2
-10
19
59.6
100.0
100.0
53.2
37.8
1
-8
-5
38.7
78.1
65.0
41.5
24.6
-1
-10
-8
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
7.5
4.2
12.5
2.3
4.7
12
-6
5
North America
3.8
4.5
6.4
2.4
2.4
4
6
8
Asia
3.7
5.7
6.2
3.0
2.4
2
0
10
Africa
3.4
4.5
5.7
2.4
2.2
3
-3
-6
Middle East
1.2
2.2
2.1
1.1
0.8
0
-15
-4
Latin America
0.8
0.7
1.3
0.4
0.5
8
-18
9
Other economies in Asia World Asia
Western Europe World
Trade by sector
Western Europe
North America World
144
13.1
100.0
100.0
5.5
8.3
9
4
13
Latin America
5.2
20.2
39.7
1.1
3.3
16
24
29
North America
4.9
28.8
36.9
1.6
3.1
11
4
4
Western Europe
1.5
25.0
11.2
1.4
0.9
0
-18
5
Asia
1.3
19.1
10.0
1.1
0.8
2
-4
10
Middle East
0.1
4.4
1.1
0.2
0.1
-5
-24
-29
All other regions
0.1
2.3
2.0
0.1
0.1
0
-16
-6
Table IV.71
Textile imports of selected economies by region and supplier, 2000 (Million dollars and percentage) Canada a
Value
Share
2000
2000
United States Annual percentage change 1999
2000
Region
North America
Share
2000
2000
Annual percentage change 1999
2000
Region 4132
100.0
-1
3
World
15709
100.0
6
10 7
2662
64.4
-1
2
Asia
7683
48.9
7
Asia
870
21.1
2
8
Western Europe
3289
20.9
3
6
Western Europe
400
9.7
-5
1
Latin America
2009
12.8
8
18
Latin America
139
3.4
4
11
North America
1971
12.5
9
11
27
0.7
0
4
413
2.6
11
74
17
0.4
-20
6
12
0.3
0
9
Middle East C./E. Europe/ Baltic States/CIS Africa
Middle East C./E. Europe/
Suppliers
Baltic States/CIS
184
1.2
-1
-2
161
1.0
-14
17
European Union (15) Canada China Mexico India
2729 1971 1890 1604 1155
17.4 12.5 12.0 10.2 7.4
1 9 12 11 12
5 11 12 20 8
Above 5
9349
59.5
8
10
Africa
Suppliers
United States European Union (15) China Korea, Rep. of India
2662 352 246 131 116
64.4 8.5 6.0 3.2 2.8
-1 -2 10 2 1
2 -1 25 10 9
Above 5
3507
84.9
-1
3
104 100 86 47 43
2.5 2.4 2.1 1.1 1.0
3 7 4 -9 -7
3 9 8 -12 -4
Korea, Rep. of Pakistan Taipei, Chinese Japan Turkey
953 945 776 618 443
6.1 6.0 4.9 3.9 2.8
4 1 6 0 25
5 20 -5 4 15
Turkey Brazil Hong Kong, China Thailand Iran, Islamic Rep. of
33 27 25 22 13
0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.3
-20 -6 4 -18 -11
27 23 -21 11 -18
Thailand Hong Kong, China Israel Brazil Indonesia
352 237 229 204 198
2.2 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.3
4 11 11 4 -29
13 5 11 26 12
Switzerland Israel Australia Dominican Republic Bangladesh
10 10 9 8 7
0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
-11 5 -19 93 49
8 32 -33 85 11
Philippines Sri Lanka Iran, Islamic Rep. of Egypt Bangladesh
127 120 118 117 97
0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6
30 13 -16 11
-12 8 22 3
Czech Rep. Egypt Malaysia Viet Nam South Africa
7 6 5 5 5
0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
-5 7 -28 23 14
23 20 15 -47 -14
Switzerland Malaysia Czech Rep. Colombia Australia
95 86 40 39 39
0.6 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2
-8 22 -1 22 14
0 7 1 -8 -17
Chile Uruguay Colombia Romania Norway
4 4 4 3 3
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
28 61 -28 -31
115 81 -2 51
Nepal Dominican Republic El Salvador South Africa Russian Fed.
38 35 33 32 28
0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
5 -17 6 -3 -16
14 5 -1 7 -27
Sri Lanka Philippines Poland Saudi Arabia Peru
3 3 2 2 2
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
75 -43 -47 40 -22
23 32 10 80 -49
Peru New Zealand United Arab Emirates Saudi Arabia Uzbekistan
24 21 21 20 20
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
-22 28 53 -31 500
24 8 58 91 66
Haiti Nepal New Zealand Russian Fed. United Arab Emirates
2 2 2 1 1
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
92 33 10 -
-55 54 -17 49 -
Bahrain Poland Macau, China Costa Rica Belarus
18 18 15 15 15
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
148 13 183 6 35
678 33 -36 -15 -37
4117
99.6
-
-
15537
98.9
-
-
Taipei, Chinese Pakistan Mexico Indonesia Japan
Above 40
Above 40
Trade by sector
World
Value
145
Table IV.71 (continued)
Textile imports of selected economies by region and supplier, 2000 (Million dollars and percentage) European Union (15)
Value 2000
Share 2000
Japan
Annual percentage change 1999
2000
Region World Western Europe Asia
2000
1999
2000
4
9 10
Region 100.0
-9
-6
World
4939
100.0
34880
70.1
-10
-9
Asia
3748
75.9
9
8720
17.5
-7
3
Western Europe
735
14.9
-11
1
North America
353
7.1
-4
9
5.4
-1
12
Middle East
40
0.8
26
3
1716
3.4
-11
-2
Latin America
34
0.7
-11
0
Africa
754
1.5
-14
9
C./E. Europe/
Middle East
749
1.5
-3
-1
Latin America
222
0.4
-18
-6
European Union (15) Turkey China India United States
31386 1917 1875 1848 1517
63.1 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.0
-10 2 -1 -7 -15
-10 0 22 2 -3
Above 5
38543
77.4
-10
-7
1094 1006 924 782 693
2.2 2.0 1.9 1.6 1.4
-13 -8 -5 7 -2
-8 -3 8 12 -11
Taipei, Chinese India Pakistan Thailand Viet Nam
Taipei, Chinese Indonesia Poland Thailand Iran, Islamic Rep. of
610 594 545 348 324
1.2 1.2 1.1 0.7 0.7
-10 -21 -3 -9 -9
-7 -4 13 -10 -9
Egypt Hungary Israel Slovak Rep. Slovenia
296 255 214 196 174
0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3
-22 3 -9 -3 -9
Hong Kong, China Romania Tunisia Lithuania Bangladesh
161 154 143 128 125
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
Estonia Russian Fed. Malaysia Brazil Canada
122 120 113 104 102
Nepal Latvia Morocco Norway South Africa
19
0.4
23
19
10
0.2
-10
11
China European Union (15) Korea, Rep. of United States Indonesia
2037 688 402 346 323
41.2 13.9 8.1 7.0 6.5
12 -10 13 -4 13
18 0 3 9 3
Above 5
3796
76.9
5
10
280 174 152 119 94
5.7 3.5 3.1 2.4 1.9
-1 1 -8 8 12
8 10 -28 7 20
Malaysia Iran, Islamic Rep. of Philippines Switzerland Turkey
92 36 27 26 20
1.9 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4
29 22 34 -22 -10
14 10 9 10 30
14 9 -6 9 -1
Brazil Bangladesh Uzbekistan Hong Kong, China Mexico
18 13 12 12 9
0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2
-18 0 36 42 8
-2 13 19 8 -9
1 -5 5 3 -5
10 20 21 0 17
Australia Canada Egypt Peru Macau, China
8 8 7 6 4
0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1
7 -33 -8 -20 9011
-9 14 19 36 103
0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
-12 0 -11 -12 -6
24 48 -14 -2 -10
Singapore Israel Sri Lanka Saudi Arabia Korea, Dem. People’s Rep. of
3 2 2 2 2
0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-40 28 -2 436 -39
-4 -50 6 21 164
102 95 95 86 80
0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
-1 -1 -6 -6 -8
-11 7 12 -10 -5
Tanzania, United Rep. of New Zealand Romania South Africa Poland
2 2 1 1 1
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-60 -16 -7 36 -
49 2 -8 -22 -
69 64 59 58 52
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
39 -21 7 -14 36
77 -6 -9 7 -2
Russian Fed. Nepal Myanmar Hungary Lithuania
1 1 1 1 1
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
58 24 27 -39 -
27 24 5 23 -
48629
97.7
-
-
4935
99.9
-
-
Suppliers
Switzerland Pakistan Korea, Rep. of Czech Rep. Japan
Trade by sector
2000
Annual percentage change
2679
North America
Syrian Arab Republic Bulgaria United Arab Emirates Croatia Viet Nam Above 40 a Imports are valued f.o.b.
146
Share
49774
C./E. Europe/ Baltic States/CIS
Value
Baltic States/CIS Africa
Suppliers
Above 40
Table IV.72
Leading exporters and importers of textiles, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Share in world exports/imports
Value
Annual percentage change
2000
1980
1990
2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
China a
16.14
4.6
6.9
10.2
8
Hong Kong, China
13.44
-
-
-
5
-7
2
24
-11
-6
domestic exports
1.18
1.7
2.1
0.7
-6
-15
-12
10 -4
re-exports
12.27
-
-
-
7
-10
-5
11
Korea, Rep. of
12.78
4.0
5.8
8.1
8
-15
3
10
Italy
11.96
7.6
9.1
7.6
2
1
-8
0
Taipei, Chinese
11.69
3.2
5.9
7.4
7
-13
-2
7
Germany
11.02
11.4
13.5
7.0
-2
3
-10
-10
United States
10.96
6.8
4.8
7.0
8
0
3
15
Japan
7.02
9.3
5.6
4.5
2
-12
10
6
France
6.76
6.2
5.8
4.3
1
5
-7
-4
Belgium
6.40
-
-
4.1
-
-
-
-4 …
Exporters
India b
5.09
2.1
2.1
3.4
10
-13
12
Pakistan
4.53
1.6
2.6
2.9
5
-7
-1
6
United Kingdom
4.21
5.7
4.2
2.7
0
-3
-17
-6
Turkey
3.67
0.6
1.4
2.3
10
6
-2
6
Indonesia
3.51
0.1
1.2
2.2
11
5
28
16
Above 15
116.90
71.0
76.7
74.5
-
-
-
-
United States
15.71
4.5
6.2
9.4
9
8
6
10
Hong Kong, China
13.72
-
-
-
3
-17
-7
9
retained imports
1.45
3.7
3.8
0.9
-10
-43
-17
-4
China a
12.83
1.9
4.9
7.7
9
-10
0
16
Germany
9.32
12.1
11.0
5.6
-2
8
-10
-11
United Kingdom
6.91
6.3
6.5
4.1
0
-2
-11
-7
France
6.75
7.2
7.0
4.0
-1
8
-8
-2
Italy
6.12
4.6
5.7
3.7
0
3
-9
2
Mexico a, c
6.10
0.2
0.9
3.6
20
20
41
26
Japan
4.94
2.9
3.8
2.9
2
-25
4
9
Canada c
4.13
2.3
2.2
2.5
6
4
-1
3
Belgium
3.63
-
-
2.2
-
-
-
-4
Spain
3.32
0.6
1.9
2.0
5
12
-2
-4
Korea, Rep. of b
3.00
0.7
1.8
1.9
5
-38
35
…
Netherlands
2.64
4.0
3.4
1.6
-3
-24
-4
-6
Poland
2.43
0.5
0.2
1.5
26
14
-7
-4
89.27
55.4
62.6
53.4
-
-
-
-
Above 15
Trade by sector
Importers
a Includes significant shipments through processing zones. b 1999 instead of 2000. c Imports are valued f.o.b.
147
Table IV.73
Exports of textiles of selected economies, 1990-00 (Million dollars and percentage) Share in economy’s total merchandise exports
Value 1990
Trade by sector
World
1998
1999
2000
1990
2000 a
104270
I
149730
151310
147750
157460
3.1
2.5
Austria Bangladesh Belgium Belgium-Luxembourg Brazil Bulgaria China b Colombia Croatia Czech Rep. b
2084 343 6375 769 ... 7219 133 -
I
1989 432 7880 999 173 13918 278 124 1342
1828 433 7472 892 146 12817 267 89 1136
1531 ... 6694 822 104 13043 237 82 1072
1376 ... 6402 900 109 16135 268 87 1218
5.0 20.5 5.4 2.4 ... 11.6 2.0 -
2.2 8.6 3.4 4.2 1.6 2.3 6.5 2.1 2.0 4.2
Egypt France Germany Greece Hong Kong, China domestic exports re-exports India Indonesia Iran, Islamic Rep. of c Israel Italy
554 6058 14033 500 8213 2171 6042 2180 1241 510 270 9492
441 7570 13672 537 13040 1390 11650 4558 2359 640 473 13035
355 7025 12281 411 12271 1223 11048 5086 3019 781 477 12011
... 6762 11018 ... 13442 1176 12266 ... 3505 ... 490 11958
21.4 2.8 3.3 6.2 10.0 7.5 11.3 12.1 4.8 3.0 2.2 5.6
10.0 2.3 2.0 4.0 6.6 5.0 6.9 14.0 5.6 4.0 1.6 5.0
5971 11279 175 1094 2030 128 3089 4302 164
6598 11618 373 228 1120 2302 133 2931 4258 115
7023 12780 ... 272 ... 2551 ... 2664 4532 138
2.0 9.3 8.0 1.2 1.8 4.8 2.2 47.6 6.8
1.5 7.4 4.7 10.8 1.3 1.5 1.8 1.3 49.4 2.0
287 753 1773 191 423 860 203 657 387 324 3235 ...
276 727 1766 165 390 853 249 604 375 286 3066 206
311 769 1572 196 494 909 295 614 392 ... 2966 ...
1.6 2.0 8.1 2.5 1.7 0.4 4.3 2.7 1.3
0.8 2.4 6.7 1.9 0.5 0.7 0.4 1.0 3.3 3.3 2.6 4.5
2267 11882 1937 165 2527 5163 7372 90
1811 11159 1760 126 3549 5427 9216 85
1641 10906 1818 129 3478 4484 9510 59
1533 11687 2115 ... 3672 4214 10955 ...
4.0 9.1 4.0 3.2 11.1 2.4 1.3 5.0
1.9 7.9 3.1 2.2 13.8 1.5 1.4 2.6
60495 38664 21831
61856 38788 23068
56610 34791 21820
53685 31386 22299
3.4 3.6 2.9
2.4 2.3 2.6
Japan Korea, Rep. of Luxembourg Macau, China Malaysia b Mexico b Morocco b Netherlands Pakistan Peru
5859 6076 136 343 713 203 2911 2663 221
Philippines b Poland Portugal Romania Russian Fed. c Singapore domestic exports re-exports Slovak Rep. Slovenia Spain Sri Lanka
132 284 1328 125 903 141 762 1497 25
Switzerland Taipei, Chinese Thailand Tunisia Turkey United Kingdom United States Uruguay
2557 6128 928 112 1440 4379 5039 85
Memorandum item: European Union (15) Intra-exports Extra-exports
50795 35672 15123
a Or nearest year. b Includes significant exports from processing zones. c Includes Secretariat estimates.
148
1995
I
I I I
I
I
I
I
I
I I
570 7468 14389 521 13815 1814 12001 4358 2713 610 399 12797 7178 12313 169 1129 1283 177 3526 4256 172 280 512 1627 178 374 1496 263 1233 375 322 2595 164
I
I
I
I
I
I
Table IV.74
Imports of textiles of selected economies, 1990-00 (Million dollars and percentage)
Argentina Australia b Austria Bangladesh Belgium Belgium-Luxembourg Brazil Canada b Chile China c Colombia Croatia Czech Rep. b, c Egypt France Germany Greece Hong Kong, China retained imports Hungary c Indonesia
1990
1995
1998
1999
2000
1990
2000 a
53 1442 1971 452 3579 252 2325 203 5292
428 1790 2043 1481 4153 1362 3204 479 10914
798 1636 1751 1522 4422 1065 4031 452 11082
632 1667 1600 ... 3774 898 3996 381 11079
... 1554 1424 ... 3625 1112 4132 431 12832
1.3 3.6 4.0 13.2 3.0 1.1 2.0 2.6 9.9
2.5 2.3 2.1 21.7 2.1 2.7 1.9 1.7 2.4 5.7
383 210 935 280 7492 12485 1158 16859 4858 888 1308
467 194 1122 394 7504 11652 1137 13484 1834 1169 1021
413 160 1095 334 6913 10517 935 12562 1514 1146 866
558 249 1203 ... 6750 9316 771 13717 1451 1078 1251
1.3 2.3 3.2 3.3 6.1 12.0 13.2 2.6 3.6
4.8 3.1 3.7 2.1 2.2 1.9 2.7 6.4 4.1 3.4 3.7
769 6603 4357 2218 245 842 924 468 3435
758 6017 4547 3001 206 221 803 1015 417 4838
759 6121 4939 ... ... ... 902 ... 411 6097
2.8 3.4 1.7 2.8 4.2 40.4 3.3 21.6 2.5
2.0 2.6 1.3 2.5 2.7 2.0 40.3 1.6 18.7 3.5
1441 2907 340 1195 2747 2105 1470 1272 1075 1049 392
1400 2799 400 1278 2544 1949 1575 1013 996 1119 515
... 2637 370 1216 2433 1703 1715 1198 986 1279 665
5.3 2.9 4.2 7.0 2.1 6.7 0.9 5.5 2.9 2.4
14.1 1.3 2.6 3.5 4.9 4.5 13.1 2.7 3.0 0.9 0.9
335 736 2727 1163 1884 1534 1289 1811 2028 7699 10441
384 597 3506 ... 1569 1159 1441 2317 1926 8307 13462
353 562 3444 1331 1467 1345 1332 1907 2024 7411 14305
... 586 3319 ... 1354 1763 ... 2124 ... 6912 15709
3.3 2.3 15.4 2.7 2.7 14.3 2.5 9.0 3.1 1.3
3.5 2.2 2.2 22.6 1.6 2.8 15.7 3.9 6.2 2.1 1.2
56368
58016
52774
49774
2.1
17704
19228
17984
18388
3.2 3.7 2.5
75 211 7595 11868 1204 10182 4140 270 785
Israel Italy Japan Korea, Rep. of Kuwait Luxembourg Macau, China Malaysia c Mauritius Mexico b, c
474 6133 4106 1946 168 619 951 350 992
Morocco c Netherlands New Zealand Philippines c Poland Portugal Romania Russian Fed. d Saudi Arabia Singapore retained imports
361 3615 396 910 245 1681 67 1312 1778 1016
Slovenia South Africa b Spain Sri Lanka Switzerland Thailand Tunisia Turkey United Arab Emirates d United Kingdom United States
561 2050 412 1849 898 790 567 1009 7018 6730
Memorandum item: European Union (15) Intra-imports e Extra-imports a b c d e
50370 36133 14237
I
I
I I I
I
I
I
I
I
I I
I
I
820 6388 5985 3959 262 698 1535 442 1768 399 3502 480 1245 2165 1954 933 691 1229 2109 876
I
I
I
I
Trade by sector
Share in economy’s total merchandise imports
Value
1.9
Or nearest year. Imports are valued f.o.b. Includes significant imports into processing zones. Includes Secretariat estimates. See the Technical Notes for information on intra-EU imports.
149
4.5 Clothing Table IV.75
Table IV.76
World trade in clothing, 2000
Major regional flows in world exports of clothing, 2000
(Billion dollars and percentage)
(Billion dollars and percentage)
Value
Value
199
2000
1990-00
1999
2000
Intra-Western Europe
44.0
1
-2
-6
Asia to North America
35.8
5
-1
15
Annual percentage change 1980-85
4
1985-90
17
1990-00
6
1998
1
Intra-Asia
24.4
11
7
17
1999
0
Latin America to North America
21.3
23
10
23
2000
7 Asia to Western Europe
20.8
4
2
5
8.2
15
1
1
Share in world merchandise trade
3.2
Share in world exports of manufactures
4.3
Table IV.77
Share of clothing in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2000 Exports
Chart IV.14
Regional shares in world trade in clothing, 2000
Imports
Western Europe
Share of clothing in total merchandise World North America Latin America Western Europe C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS Africa Middle East Asia Australia, Japan and New Zealand Other Asia
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS to Western Europe
(Percentage)
(Percentage)
Trade by sector
Annual percentage change
3.2 1.0 6.3 2.3 3.5 4.7 1.0 5.4 0.2 8.1
3.2 4.8 3.0 3.3 2.9 1.9 2.6 2.0 4.9 0.8
Asia
North America Exports Imports
Latin America
Share of clothing in manufactures World North America Latin America Western Europe C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS Africa Middle East Asia Australia, Japan and New Zealand Other Asia
4.3 1.3 10.4 2.9 6.5 19.0 4.8 6.4 0.2 9.6
4.3 6.0 3.9 4.4 4.0 2.8 3.5 2.8 7.9 1.1
C./E. Europe/ Baltic States/CIS
Africa
Middle East
0
150
10
20
30
40
50
60
Table IV.78
Exports of clothing by principal region, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Share in Value
World
Region’s exports
World exports
Annual percentage change
2000
1990
2000
1990
2000
1990-00
1999
2000
198.94
-
-
100.0
100.0
6
0
7
Asia World
89.39
100.0
100.0
43.6
44.9
7
1
13
North America
35.76
44.7
40.0
19.5
18.0
5
-1
15
Asia
24.42
18.6
27.3
8.1
12.3
11
7
17
Western Europe
20.79
29.9
23.3
13.0
10.5
4
2
5
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
2.82
2.3
3.2
1.0
1.4
10
-6
31
Middle East
2.48
2.7
2.8
1.2
1.2
7
13
21
Latin America
2.07
1.0
2.3
0.4
1.0
17
-2
31
Africa
1.03
0.7
1.2
0.3
0.5
12
9
19
-4
Western Europe World
57.22
100.0
100.0
43.6
28.8
2
-4
Western Europe
43.99
82.7
76.9
36.1
22.1
1
-2
-6
North America
4.35
5.8
7.6
2.5
2.2
5
4
11
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
3.15
3.7
5.5
1.6
1.6
6
-19
-2
Asia
2.89
5.2
5.0
2.3
1.5
2
-9
3
Middle East
1.20
1.1
2.1
0.5
0.6
9
-13
2
Africa
1.11
1.1
1.9
0.5
0.6
8
-10
-16
Latin America
0.44
0.5
0.8
0.2
0.2
7
-13
3
Latin America World
22.62
100.0
100.0
3.3
11.4
20
10
22
North America
21.32
79.2
94.3
2.6
10.7
23
10
23
Latin America
1.03
12.4
4.5
0.4
0.5
9
7
22
Western Europe
0.21
7.3
0.9
0.2
0.1
-2
-17
6
All other regions
0.04
0.9
0.2
0.0
0.0
3
15
-11
10.71
100.0
100.0
2.7
5.4
14
-3
5
Latin America
6.79
47.4
63.4
1.3
3.4
17
-4
5
North America
2.75
18.2
25.7
0.5
1.4
18
7
7
Asia
0.65
14.8
6.1
0.4
0.3
4
-6
3
Western Europe
0.42
16.9
4.0
0.5
0.2
-1
-19
-8
All other regions
0.09
2.7
0.9
0.1
0.0
2
-29
-10
Trade by sector
North America World
151
Table IV.79
Clothing imports of selected economies by region and supplier, 2000 (Million dollars and percentage) Canada a
Value
Annual percentage change
Share
2000
United States
2000
1999
2000
Region World
3690
100.0
2000
Annual percentage change 1999
2000
Asia
0
12
World
66392
100.0
6
13
2526
68.5
3
17
Asia
36830
55.5
3
12
North America
549
14.9
-10
-3
Latin America
20065
30.2
10
13
Western Europe
273
7.4
-5
7
Western Europe
3933
5.9
-1
11
Latin America
237
6.4
12
11
North America
1974
3.0
12
12
Middle East
1464
2.2
14
21
47
1.3
-11
42
Africa
1320
2.0
3
22
Africa
31
0.8
-3
7
Middle East
24
0.7
38
33
807
1.2
-10
43
9021 8758 4736 2643 2542
13.6 13.2 7.1 4.0 3.8
15 4 -3 -2 12
14 13 4 6 7
Baltic States/CIS
Suppliers China United States Hong Kong, China India European Union (15)
C./E. Europe/ Baltic States/CIS
Suppliers 917 549 345 246 220
24.9 14.9 9.4 6.7 6.0
9 -10 -8 16 -7
23 -3 5 16 2
Mexico China Hong Kong, China European Union (15) Korea, Rep. of
2278
61.7
-1
10
Above 5
27700
41.7
6
11
213 139 111 104 100
5.8 3.8 3.0 2.8 2.7
8 26 -10 3 14
17 26 13 20 6
Dominican Republic Honduras Indonesia Taipei, Chinese Thailand
2531 2496 2263 2234 2206
3.8 3.8 3.4 3.4 3.3
0 15 2 -5 6
5 11 17 2 17
Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Pakistan Sri Lanka
91 79 63 60 48
2.5 2.1 1.7 1.6 1.3
-4 -1 -10 5 -10
5 1 25 11 29
Bangladesh India Philippines Canada El Salvador
2186 2067 1990 1974 1654
3.3 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.5
5 1 3 12 14
22 16 4 12 22
Macau, China Turkey Myanmar Viet Nam Honduras
39 38 32 24 24
1.1 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.6
-9 16 81 -18 10
27 22 173 13 -10
Sri Lanka Guatemala Malaysia Macau, China Turkey
1557 1552 1343 1189 1114
2.3 2.3 2.0 1.8 1.7
-2 8 -5 2 7
13 21 0 11 24
Dominican Republic Russian Fed. Singapore El Salvador Mauritius
23 17 13 11 11
0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3
18 101 58 15 10
-6 574 -1 16 -15
Pakistan Costa Rica Cambodia Israel Colombia
1049 855 835 493 427
1.6 1.3 1.3 0.7 0.6
8 1 64 16 3
20 1 33 12 11
Cambodia Israel Egypt Japan Guatemala
11 10 9 8 7
0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2
91 16 14 3 -17
51 23 -5 38 -2
Egypt Myanmar Peru Singapore United Arab Emirates
419 419 398 368 357
0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5
-7 46 38 8 12
20 109 25 7 13
7 6 6 6 5
0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1
-36 144 51 -5 12
-27 22 -18 -12 -3
Nicaragua Jamaica Russian Fed. Haiti Mauritius
349 278 269 267 253
0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
20 -19 47 14 -1
23 -20 93 1 3
3593
97.4
-
-
63091
95.0
-
-
Above 5 Korea, Rep. of Mexico Taipei, Chinese Bangladesh Thailand
Trade by sector
2000
Share
Region
C./E. Europe/
Costa Rica United Arab Emirates Peru Romania Poland Above 35
152
Value
Above 35
Table IV.79 (continued)
Clothing imports of selected economies by region and supplier, 2000 (Million dollars and percentage) European Union (15)
Value 2000
Share 2000
Japan
Annual percentage change 1999
Value
2000
Region
2000
2000
Annual percentage change 1999
2000
Region 85909
100.0
0
-1
World
19709
100.0
11
20
Western Europe
40763
47.4
-2
-7
Asia
17573
89.2
16
24
Asia
27808
32.4
6
8
Western Europe
1515
7.7
-12
-6
North America
496
2.5
-5
-4
66
0.3
12
2
32
0.2
-4
19
17
0.1
0
42
8
0.0
-14
33
C./E. Europe/ Baltic States/CIS
8852
10.3
-2
0
Latin America
6640
7.7
-1
1
C./E. Europe/
Middle East
769
0.9
0
-5
North America
614
0.7
-15
-11
Latin America
347
0.4
-1
6
Africa
Suppliers
Baltic States/CIS Africa Middle East
Suppliers
European Union (15) China Turkey Hong Kong, China Tunisia
33456 8096 5500 4745 2641
38.9 9.4 6.4 5.5 3.1
-2 11 -1 2 -2
-7 6 1 3 -5
China European Union (15) Korea, Rep. of Viet Nam United States
14713 1476 951 591 468
74.7 7.5 4.8 3.0 2.4
20 -12 14 4 -4
29 -7 -8 31 -4
Above 5
54438
63.4
0
-4
Above 5
18200
92.3
14
21
Romania India Bangladesh Morocco Poland
2516 2479 2426 2371 1869
2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.2
6 0 3 -2 -8
7 7 22 -1 -10
Thailand Indonesia Malaysia India Philippines
293 222 150 140 114
1.5 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.6
-5 -7 14 1 3
-3 1 11 55 -4
Indonesia Thailand Hungary Korea, Rep. of Pakistan
1851 1117 981 928 867
2.2 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.0
2 9 -12 17 -4
11 2 -11 4 4
Taipei, Chinese Hong Kong, China Korea, Dem. People’s Rep. of Canada Mexico
112 105 67 28 27
0.6 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.1
-13 -35 -7 -21 38
-18 8 13 4 10
Sri Lanka Viet Nam Malaysia Bulgaria Mauritius
864 780 723 686 674
1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8
8 7 -8 5 0
7 6 0 9 -1
Nepal Bangladesh Sri Lanka Switzerland Pakistan
25 18 17 16 15
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
75 -33 -2 -21 -15
1010 10 8 3 32
Taipei, Chinese Czech Rep. Macau, China United States Lithuania
572 515 512 502 470
0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5
1 -9 -5 -20 5
-2 -5 3 -13 4
Macau, China Turkey Hungary Romania Honduras
14 13 11 8 7
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0
-27 -14 -9 3 12
4 64 -15 76 22
Croatia Slovak Rep. Ukraine Slovenia Philippines
448 444 359 349 332
0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4
-9 -4 7 -16 -4
-12 -3 11 -14 11
Tunisia Singapore Slovenia El Salvador Peru
7 7 7 6 6
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0 44 -21 -19 4
108 -22 12 -4 -16
Switzerland United Arab Emirates Egypt Israel Myanmar
299 277 271 265 255
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
-8 -5 7 9 44
-18 5 -2 -16 67
Myanmar Dominican Republic Brazil Mauritius Mongolia
5 4 4 4 3
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-33 38 25 -8 39
8 -8 15 -13 32
Cambodia Madagascar Singapore TFYR Macedonia Latvia
252 248 238 236 190
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2
46 10 8 6 7
13 3 18 -9 1
Morocco Czech Rep. Australia Colombia Israel
3 3 3 3 2
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-7 -36 -8 -19 -24
55 14 -16 18 10
82604
96.2
-
-
19669
99.8
-
-
Above 40
Above 40
Trade by sector
World
Share
a Imports are valued f.o.b.
153
Table IV.80
Leading exporters and importers of clothing, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Share in world exports/imports
Value
Annual percentage change
2000
1980
1990
2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
China a
36.07
4.0
9.0
18.1
14
-6
0
20
Hong Kong, China
24.22
-
-
-
5
-4
1
8
domestic exports
9.94
11.5
8.6
5.0
1
4
-1
4
14.28
-
-
-
9
-9
2
12
Exporters
re-exports Italy
13.22
11.3
11.0
6.6
1
-1
-7
-3
Mexico a
8.70
0.0
0.5
4.4
31
17
18
12
United States
8.65
3.1
2.4
4.3
13
1
-6
5
Germany
6.84
7.1
7.3
3.4
-1
7
-3
-12
Turkey
6.53
0.3
3.1
3.3
7
5
-8
0
France
5.43
5.7
4.3
2.7
2
8
-1
-5
India b
5.15
1.5
2.3
2.8
8
10
8
…
Korea, Rep. of
5.03
7.3
7.3
2.5
-4
11
5
3
Indonesia
4.73
0.2
1.5
2.4
11
-9
47
23
United Kingdom
4.11
4.6
2.8
2.1
3
-7
-9
-8
Thailand
3.95
0.7
2.6
2.0
3
-4
-2
14
Belgium
3.94
-
-
2.0
-
-
-
-4
Taipei, Chinese
2.97
6.0
3.7
1.5
-3
-6
-10
4
125.24
65.6
68.2
63.1
-
-
-
-
United States
66.39
16.4
24.1
31.6
9
11
6
13
Japan
19.71
3.6
7.8
9.4
8
-12
11
20
Germany
19.31
19.7
18.2
9.2
-1
1
-7
-10
Hong Kong, China
16.01
-
-
-
9
-5
3
8
retained imports
1.73
0.9
0.7
0.8
8
45
9
-12
United Kingdom
12.99
6.8
6.2
6.2
6
7
5
4
France
-1
Above 15
Trade by sector
Importers
11.48
6.2
7.5
5.5
3
8
-1
Italy
6.07
1.9
2.3
2.9
9
10
2
2
Netherlands
4.83
6.8
4.3
2.3
0
-11
1
-9
Belgium
4.81
-
-
2.3
-
-
-
-4
Spain
3.77
0.4
1.5
1.8
9
7
15
2
Canada c
3.69
1.7
2.1
1.8
4
8
0
12
Mexico a, c
3.41
0.3
0.5
1.6
20
12
-3
-6
Switzerland
3.22
3.4
3.1
1.5
-1
4
-3
-5
Russian Fed. d
2.96
-
-
1.4
-
-13
-28
29
Austria
2.47
2.2
2.1
1.2
1
2
-6
-12
166.83
74.5
83.3
79.4
-
-
-
-
Above 15 a b c d
154
Includes significant shipments through processing zones. 1999 instead of 2000. Imports are valued f.o.b. Includes Secretariat estimates.
Table IV.81
Exports of clothing of selected economies, 1990-00 (Million dollars and percentage)
1990
World Austria Bangladesh Belgium Belgium-Luxembourg Bulgaria China b Colombia Croatia Czech Rep. b Denmark Egypt France Germany Greece Hong Kong, China domestic exports re-exports Hungary b India Indonesia Israel Italy
1998
1999
2000
1990
2000 a
108000
I
157370
186020
186110
198940
3.2
3.2
1169 643 2000 ... 9669 460 859
I
1287 1969 2723 236 24049 552 673 523 1274
1377 3786 4042 451 30048 433 556 705 1752
1258 ... 4127 570 30078 427 524 655 1878
1035 ... 3942 691 36071 520 469 634 1738
2.8 38.5 1.7 ... 15.6 6.8 2.3
1.6 74.9 2.1 2.3 14.6 14.5 4.0 10.7 2.2 3.5
333 5748 8014 1821 22164 9667 12497 1277 4782 2630 651 14744
278 5685 7768 1505 22371 9571 12800 1311 5153 3857 731 13674
... 5427 6837 1260 24215 9935 14280 1221 ... 4734 729 13217
5.6 2.2 1.9 21.1 18.7 31.9 11.5 3.8 14.1 6.4 4.0 7.0
7.8 1.8 1.2 12.3 12.0 42.0 8.0 4.3 14.2 7.6 2.3 5.6
... 4651 1642 2302 970 6603 2542 2860 1840
... 4871 66 1630 2253 920 7772 2496 2939 1846
... 5026 ... 1849 ... 949 8696 2364 2612 2144
7.3 12.1 65.6 4.5 51.9 1.4 16.9 1.7 18.1
16.5 2.9 0.8 73.1 2.7 63.6 5.2 31.9 1.2 23.4
336 2324 2387 3462 1979 279 1427 430 997 540 538 1730
414 2111 2201 3266 2044 352 1603 471 1132 538 461 2050
497 2385 1884 2675 2328 246 1831 510 1321 521 ... 2009
3.7 21.5 2.7 21.3 7.3 3.0 2.9 3.3 1.1
7.1 6.0 6.0 11.5 22.5 0.2 1.3 0.6 2.2 4.4 5.4 1.8
1758 3251 5008 2322 6119 4648 6651 131
... 3189 3540 2474 7058 4920 8793 145
2287 2862 3453 2375 6516 4487 8269 106
... 2967 3948 ... 6533 4111 8646 ...
32.2 5.9 12.2 31.9 25.7 1.6 0.7 9.0
49.9 2.0 5.7 40.4 24.6 1.4 1.1 4.7
47917 33337 14580
52492 36675 15817
50926 36097 14829
48430 33456 14974
2.7 3.0 2.1
2.2 2.4 1.7
144 4671 7882 1714 15406 9266 6140 375 2530 1646 482 11839
Jamaica Korea, Rep. of Luxembourg Macau, China Malaysia b Mauritius Mexico b Morocco b Netherlands Pakistan
83 7879 1111 1315 619 587 722 2189 1014
Peru Philippines b Poland Portugal Romania Russian Fed. c Singapore domestic exports re-exports Slovak Rep. Slovenia Spain
120 1733 384 3491 363 1588 995 593 598
Sri Lanka Taipei, Chinese Thailand Tunisia Turkey United Kingdom United States Uruguay
638 3987 2817 1126 3331 3042 2565 153
Memorandum item: European Union (15) Intra-exports Extra-exports
1995
40782 29444 11338
I
I I I I
I
I
I
I
I
I I
253 5621 7500 1845 21297 9540 11757 1032 4110 3376 663 14175 287 4957 1377 2266 808 2731 797 2771 1611 202 2420 2304 3805 1360 240 1464 587 877 257 659 1115
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Trade by sector
Share in economy’s total merchandise exports
Value
a Or nearest year. b Includes significant exports from processing zones. c Includes Secretariat estimates.
155
Table IV.82
Imports of clothing of selected economies, 1990-00 (Million dollars and percentage) Share in economy’s total merchandise imports
Value 1990 Australia b Austria Belgium Belgium-Luxembourg Canada b Chile Croatia Czech Rep. b, c Denmark Finland
Trade by sector
France Germany Greece Hong Kong, China retained imports Hungary c Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan
8381 20411 433 6913 773 167 826 61 2580 87 8737
Jordan Korea, Rep. of Kuwait Luxembourg Macau, China Mexico b, c Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland
28 151 206 26 573 4768 149 1231 209
Portugal Romania Russian Fed. d Saudi Arabia Singapore retained imports Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Tunisia
436 26 833 922 329 1649 2510 3437 191
United Arab Emirates d United Kingdom United States
528 6961 26977
Memorandum item: European Union (15) Intra-imports e Extra-imports
56844 28549 28295
a b c d e
156
711 2346 3590 2388 52 1069 887
I I
I I I I I
I I
I
I
I I
I
I I
Or nearest year. Imports are valued f.o.b. Includes significant imports into processing zones. Includes Secretariat estimates. See the Technical Notes for information on intra-EU imports.
1995
1998
1999
2000
1990
2000 a
1262 3089 4378 2688 290 271 460 1808 796
1519 2967 5297 3269 468 257 438 2315 933
1661 2791 5012 3282 419 215 425 2379 907
1781 2469 4811 3690 501 278 425 2209 848
1.8 4.8 3.0 2.0 0.7 3.2 3.3
2.6 3.6 2.8 3.2 1.5 2.8 3.5 1.3 5.0 2.5
11653 23084 1054 14297 1800 446 1146 364 5847 ... 14723
11564 21442 931 14757 1957 510 1166 356 5961 ... 16402
11480 19306 877 16009 1729 510 1204 471 6067 ... 19709
3.6 5.7 2.2 8.2 2.5 1.6 4.0 0.4 1.4 4.7 3.7
3.8 3.9 3.1 7.5 4.9 1.6 2.4 1.2 2.6 7.0 5.2
62 504 372 126 3750 5274 352 1429 599
... 763 330 237 169 3627 5321 401 1380 621
61 ... ... ... 214 3405 4833 401 1288 536
1.1 0.2 5.2 1.7 1.4 3.8 1.6 4.5 1.8
1.3 0.6 4.3 2.2 9.6 2.0 2.5 2.9 3.8 1.1
985 272 3186 922 1410 413 448 3198 2170 3528 517
1027 292 2294 782 1650 518 398 3678 2163 3410 476
922 322 2962 813 1887 566 ... 3765 2077 3223 ...
1.7 0.3 3.5 1.5 0.8 1.9 4.6 4.9 3.4
2.4 2.5 6.7 2.5 1.4 0.7 4.0 2.5 2.9 3.9 5.6
1120 8344 41367
1365 11977 55720
1458 12533 58785
... 12992 66392
4.7 3.1 5.2
4.5 3.9 5.3
76245
86786
86917
85909
3.6
42908
50111
50820
52452
3.6 2.9 4.9
10285 24544 794 12654 897 378 842 269 4651 227 18758 56 1073 319 89 1912 5012 305 1419 318 851 170 678 880 1644 767 262 2606 2127 3821 435
I
I
I
I
I
5.4
5. Commercial services 5.1 Transportation services Table IV.83
Chart IV.15
World exports of transportation services, 2000
World exports of transportation services and share in total commercial services, 1993-00
(Billion dollars and percentage)
(Billion dollars and percentage)
Value
330
Annual percentage change
600
50 Share (right scale) Value (left scale)
500
1990-00
4
1998
-1
1999
0
2000
6
Share in world exports of commercial services
23.0
45
400
40
300
35
200
30
100
25
0
20 1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Table IV.84
Chart IV.16
Share of transportation services in total trade of commercial services by selected region, 2000
Regional shares in world trade in transportation services, 2000
(Percentage)
(Percentage)
Imports
Trade by sector
Exports North America
18.7
30.7
Latin America
16.8
31.5
Western Europe
22.7
24.4
22.4
23.8
Africa
26.1
39.0
Exports
Asia
27.0
32.8
Imports
37.5
30.3
European Union (15)
Western Europe
Asia
Japan
North America
All other regions
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
157
Table IV.85
Leading exporters and importers of transportation services, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Share in world exports/imports
Value
Annual percentage change
2000
1990
2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
United States
51.2
16.7
15.5
3
-5
2
9
Japan
25.6
8.0
7.7
4
-3
8
12
Exporters
Netherlands
20.8
5.8
6.3
5
1
1
-2
Germany
19.4
6.6
5.9
3
5
-2
-3
France
19.4
7.3
5.9
2
5
-4
-1
United Kingdom
18.2
6.1
5.5
3
5
-2
-3
Hong Kong, China
13.7
3.1
4.1
7
-3
-6
14
Korea, Rep. of
12.8
1.4
3.9
15
-7
12
11
Denmark
11.0
1.9
3.3
10
4
7
40
Belgium-Luxembourg
10.4
3.3
3.1
4
3
1
4
Norway
9.5
3.8
2.9
1
-5
-1
15
Italy
8.9
4.6
2.7
-1
0
-7
-10
Spain
7.8
2.1
2.3
5
7
2
4
Canada
7.2
1.9
2.2
5
-1
6
14
Singapore
5.3
1.0
1.6
9
-14
3
17
Above 15
240.0
73.6
72.9
4
-1
1
6
Importers United States
64.6
13.6
15.8
6
7
10
16
Japan
35.1
10.2
8.6
3
-9
8
15
Germany
25.0
6.6
6.1
4
7
-3
3
United Kingdom
22.0
5.7
5.4
4
5
1
-5
France
19.5
6.7
4.8
1
4
-5
3 -3
Netherlands
14.6
4.2
3.6
3
9
2
Italy
13.7
4.2
3.3
2
0
-5
6
Korea, Rep. of
11.0
1.5
2.7
11
-13
11
11
China
10.4
1.2
2.5
12
-32
17
32
9.4
1.5
2.3
9
2
-1
35
Trade by sector
Denmark
158
Canada
9.3
2.2
2.3
5
-5
3
14
Belgium-Luxembourg
8.3
2.3
2.0
3
-2
-3
14 18
India
8.2
1.3
2.0
9
4
-2
Spain
8.1
1.8
2.0
6
9
8
4
Singapore
8.0
1.3
2.0
9
-8
8
27
Above 15
265.0
64.5
65.2
5
0
4
11
5.2 Travel services Table IV.86
Chart IV.17
World exports of travel services, 2000
World exports of travel services and share in total commercial services, 1993-00
(Billion dollars and percentage)
(Billion dollars and percentage)
Value
465
Annual percentage change
600 500
1990-00
6
1998
1
1999
2
2000
5
Share in world exports of commercial services
32.4
50
Share (right scale) Value (left scale)
45
400
40
300
35
200
30
100
25
0
20 1992
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
Table IV.87
Chart IV.18
Share of travel services in total trade of commercial services by selected region, 2000
Regional shares in world trade in travel services, 2000
(Percentage)
(Percentage)
2000
Imports
Trade by sector
Exports
1999
North America
35.7
33.0
Latin America
53.3
30.8
Western Europe
30.4
31.0
30.3
30.8
Africa
48.9
20.4
Exports
Asia
26.9
27.4
Imports
4.9
27.6
European Union (15)
Western Europe
Asia
Japan
North America
All other regions
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
159
Table IV.88
Leading exporters and importers of travel services, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Share in world exports/imports
Value
Annual percentage change
2000
1990
2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
12
Exporters 100.5
19.0
21.6
7
-1
5
Spain
United States
30.9
7.0
6.7
5
12
8
-4
France
30.9
7.6
6.6
4
8
6
-1
Italy
27.4
6.2
5.9
5
0
-5
-3
United Kingdom
21.7
5.9
4.7
3
5
-4
-5
Germany
17.6
5.4
3.8
2
1
-1
5
China
16.2
0.7
3.5
25
4
12
15
Canada
10.6
2.4
2.3
5
6
8
4
Austria
10.0
5.1
2.1
-3
2
-1
-10
Australia
8.4
1.6
1.8
7
-16
9
5
Mexico
8.3
2.1
1.8
4
4
-9
15
Switzerland
7.7
2.8
1.6
0
1
-2
-2
Turkey
7.6
1.2
1.6
9
2
-28
47
Hong Kong, China
7.5
2.0
1.6
3
-23
-4
10
Belgium-Luxembourg
7.4
1.4
1.6
7
3
35
1
315.0
70.4
67.3
5
1
3
5
Above 15
Trade by sector
Importers United States
67.3
14.6
15.5
6
9
5
10
Germany
47.1
13.0
10.8
3
2
-1
-3
United Kingdom
38.0
7.0
8.7
8
17
11
3
Japan
31.9
9.6
7.3
2
-13
14
-3
France
17.9
4.7
4.1
4
8
-2
-3
Italy
15.4
4.0
3.6
4
6
-4
-9
China
13.1
0.2
3.0
39
13
18
21 -5
Hong Kong, China
12.5
1.8
2.9
10
6
-3
Netherlands
12.2
2.8
2.8
5
7
0
1
Canada
12.1
4.2
2.8
1
-6
5
7 44
Russian Fed.
10.2
-
2.4
…
-14
-18
Belgium-Luxembourg
10.2
2.1
2.3
6
6
19
-3
Austria
8.5
3.0
1.9
1
-5
-4
-8
Taipei, Chinese
8.1
1.9
1.9
5
-11
1
10
Sweden
8.0
2.4
1.9
2
18
4
0
315.0
73.5
72.0
5
3
4
3
Above 15
160
5.3 Other commercial services Table IV.89
Chart IV.19
World exports of other commercial services, 2000
World exports of other commercial services and share in total commercial services, 1993-00
(Billion dollars and percentage)
(Billion dollars and percentage)
Value
640
Annual percentage change
700 600
1990-00
8
1998
2
1999
2
2000
6
Share in world trade in commercial services
44.6
60
Share (right scale) Value (left scale)
50
500
45
400
40
300
35
200
30
100
25
0
20 1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Table IV.90
Chart IV.20
Share of other commercial services in total trade of commercial services by selected region, 2000
Regional shares in world trade in other commercial services, 2000
(Percentage)
(Percentage)
Imports
Trade by sector
Exports North America
45.6
36.3
Latin America
30.0
37.8
Western Europe
46.9
44.6
47.3
45.3
Africa
25.1
40.7
Exports
Asia
46.0
39.8
Imports
57.6
42.1
European Union (15)
Western Europe
Asia
Japan
North America
All other regions
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
161
Table IV.91
Leading exporters and importers of other commercial services, 2000 (Billion dollars and percentage) Share in world exports/imports
Value
Annual percentage change
2000
1990
2000
1990-00
1998
1999
2000
122.9
15.3
19.2
11
8
5
9
60.0
8.2
9.4
10
11
8
-3
Exporters United States United Kingdom Germany
43.0
7.6
6.7
7
0
1
1
Japan
39.3
6.8
6.1
7
-12
-8
16
France
30.8
10.1
4.8
0
4
-11
1 -1
Netherlands
24.4
3.9
3.8
8
4
9
Belgium-Luxembourg
24.2
4.6
3.8
6
11
8
5
Hong Kong, China
20.9
2.0
3.3
14
2
11
14
Italy
20.4
7.5
3.2
-1
1
-14
-9
Canada
19.4
2.6
3.0
10
7
4
10
Austria
15.7
2.7
2.5
7
-5
15
2
Switzerland
15.6
2.9
2.4
6
8
4
1 12
Singapore
15.5
2.0
2.4
10
-49
46
Spain
14.3
1.5
2.2
13
15
13
8
Ireland
12.6
0.3
2.0
32
…
-1
11
480.0
77.9
74.9
8
4
3
5
United States
67.0
8.2
11.3
11
15
-2
15
Germany
60.2
9.5
10.2
8
4
10
0
Japan
48.7
11.0
8.2
4
-8
-5
-4
Italy
26.6
8.5
4.5
1
10
-14
-3
Netherlands
24.3
3.6
4.1
9
3
9
5 -5
Above 15
Trade by sector
Importers
France
24.1
6.9
4.1
2
7
-9
Ireland
23.5
0.9
4.0
24
…
-8
9
United Kingdom
22.1
3.9
3.7
7
7
3
-2
Canada
20.4
3.6
3.4
7
3
3
8
Belgium-Luxembourg
19.8
4.3
3.3
4
15
4
7
Austria
17.7
1.7
3.0
13
-6
19
2
Spain
17.3
2.1
2.9
11
16
14
2
Korea, Rep. of
15.1
1.1
2.6
17
-1
2
27
China
12.3
0.1
2.1
41
9
16
1
Sweden
11.7
2.3
2.0
6
20
12
7
410.0
67.8
69.3
7
9
1
4
Above 15
162
Appendix tables
Table A1
World merchandise exports, production and gross domestic product, 1990-00 (Index, 1990=100) 1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
102
108
107
121
145
152
157
155
161
181
101
108
104
119
139
143
142
136
132
135
94
93
88
91
108
127
130
104
119
169
103
112
111
128
152
159
167
170
176
194
98
100
95
98
107
106
99
93
92
92
98
99
94
99
111
109
103
98
92
88
World merchandise exports Value Total merchandise a Agricultural products Mining products Manufactures Unit value Total merchandise a Agricultural products Mining products Manufactures
92
87
81
80
86
96
90
69
80
113
100
103
99
102
111
109
102
99
96
92
104
109
113
124
136
143
158
166
175
196
Volume Total merchandise a Agricultural products
103
109
111
120
126
131
139
139
143
154
Mining products
103
107
108
114
125
132
144
151
148
149
Manufactures
104
109
112
126
137
146
163
172
184
210
100
100
100
103
107
111
116
118
121
127
Agriculture
100
103
103
106
108
113
116
117
120
122
Mining
100
100
102
104
106
109
112
114
112
116
99
99
99
102
107
110
116
119
123
130
101
102
103
105
107
110
114
117
120
125
World merchandise production Total merchandise
Manufacturing
World real GDP
Appendix tables
a Includes unspecified products. Note: For sources and methods, see the Technical Notes.
163
Table A2
Network of world merchandise trade by region, 1990, 1995 and 2000 (Billion dollars)
Destination
World a
North America
Latin America
Western Europe
Total
C/E.Europe/Baltic States/CIS
EU (15)
Total b
C/E Europe
Russian Fed.
Origin World
1990 1995 2000
3388.00 4934.00 6186.00
619.65 898.03 1405.90
129.22 238.14 345.85
1627.67 2114.42 2437.90
1482.42 1936.80 2232.58
118.93 151.47 228.72
50.48 94.47 135.52
… 42.50
North America
1990 1995 2000
521.78 777.37 1058.10
178.50 279.21 420.56
56.03 99.98 174.06
125.27 147.73 195.32
114.31 135.63 177.99
5.26 6.16 6.36
1.21 2.14 2.76
… 2.22
Latin America
1990 1995 2000
146.77 228.66 358.70
66.66 107.54 220.10
20.48 46.78 61.59
31.19 39.62 45.01
29.64 36.94 41.60
6.67 2.03 2.72
0.84 0.62 1.03
… 1.33
Western Europe
1990 1995 2000
1637.12 2215.47 2441.31
128.41 162.11 263.34
29.35 53.60 54.85
1168.99 1530.71 1653.62
1065.29 1399.82 1512.25
62.03 97.30 129.49
28.55 62.65 94.37
… 19.37
1990 1995 2000
1508.80 2051.50 2251.25
117.75 147.89 239.00
27.25 50.61 51.57
1080.30 1420.55 1525.78
979.66 1295.27 1392.34
55.27 89.91 121.60
25.95 58.82 89.64
… 17.82
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS b
1990 1995 2000
105.42 159.48 270.99
2.55 7.53 11.52
3.15 3.52 6.25
58.20 93.50 146.60
49.70 81.62 128.96
25.10 29.00 72.10
14.20 21.89 28.94
… 13.36
Central and Eastern Europe
1990 1995 2000
46.42 79.46 116.00
… … 4.38
… … 0.89
… … 85.78
… … 79.46
… … 19.21
… … 13.63
… 2.02
Russian Fed.
1990 1995 2000
… 105.20
… 4.85
… 4.40
… 45.61
… 36.89
… 31.77
… 12.24
-
Africa
1990 1995 2000
104.08 107.26 144.70
15.80 15.17 26.43
1.56 2.33 4.42
59.87 57.59 71.83
54.27 54.02 67.62
2.33 1.52 1.16
1.15 1.13 0.73
… 0.27
Middle East
1990 1995 2000
134.10 145.62 262.60
18.83 16.50 41.29
5.00 2.87 3.19
36.14 31.60 47.91
32.13 28.10 44.01
3.42 1.68 1.56
1.83 0.93 0.55
… 0.23
Asia
1990 1995 2000
738.92 1300.60 1649.20
208.91 309.97 422.67
13.64 29.07 41.48
148.02 213.67 277.61
137.10 200.68 260.16
14.13 13.77 15.33
2.72 5.10 7.15
… 5.73
Japan
1990 1995 2000
287.58 443.12 479.25
97.74 127.89 151.66
7.23 11.96 13.22
63.76 74.85 83.42
58.57 70.52 78.41
3.20 2.07 2.52
0.64 0.73 1.63
… 0.57
Australia and New Zealand
1990 1995 2000
49.24 66.76 77.14
6.58 5.93 9.29
0.69 1.02 1.27
8.28 8.82 9.76
7.25 8.08 9.33
0.69 0.41 0.35
0.20 0.14 0.12
… 0.18
Other Asia
1990 1995 2000
402.10 790.73 1092.82
104.59 176.15 261.72
5.73 16.09 26.99
75.97 130.00 184.44
71.29 122.08 172.42
10.23 11.30 12.46
1.88 4.23 5.40
… 4.98
Appendix tables
European Union (15)
164
Table A2 (continued)
Network of world merchandise trade by region, 1990, 1995 and 2000 (Billion dollars)
Total
South Africa
Middle East Other Africa
Asia
Total
Destination
Aust./ N.Zealand
Japan
Other Asia Total
China
Other
Origin
88.24 112.45 120.24
13.99 25.81 26.57
74.25 86.64 93.67
94.29 128.32 150.35
650.59 1211.80 1427.47
208.88 293.40 339.06
45.30 65.44 76.36
396.41 852.96 1012.04
43.29 121.11 180.91
353.12 731.85 831.14
1990 World 1995 2000
9.00 11.14 12.00
1.95 3.07 3.45
7.05 8.07 8.55
12.28 18.84 20.37
132.89 211.49 229.11
55.61 73.00 70.93
10.58 13.50 15.36
66.70 125.00 142.82
6.23 14.21 18.66
60.47 110.78 124.16
1990 North America 1995 2000
2.13 2.99 3.16
0.34 0.75 0.74
1.79 2.24 2.42
2.34 2.61 2.80
13.99 22.72 21.41
7.45 8.94 7.93
0.44 0.60 0.70
6.10 13.18 12.79
1.13 2.77 3.94
4.97 10.41 8.85
1990 Latin America 1995 2000
53.96 60.93 58.93
7.96 12.35 11.23
45.99 48.58 47.70
45.58 57.99 59.53
119.76 210.98 199.00
34.78 46.90 46.06
12.33 17.09 17.40
72.65 146.99 135.54
7.96 20.17 29.04
64.70 126.82 106.50
1990 Western Europe 1995 2000
51.23 58.06 55.79
7.50 11.65 10.74
43.73 46.41 45.06
40.10 52.08 53.80
108.14 194.00 182.79
30.80 42.49 41.20
11.48 16.00 16.42
65.86 135.51 125.18
7.48 19.17 27.80
58.38 116.34 97.38
1990 1995 2000
2.10 2.42 2.76
0.00 0.18 0.13
2.10 2.24 2.63
2.75 4.24 6.51
11.46 17.28 20.46
3.22 3.91 4.92
0.16 0.14 0.13
8.08 13.24 15.42
2.83 4.82 7.68
5.25 8.42 7.74
1990 C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS b 1995 2000
… … 1.12
… … 0.08
… … 1.05
… … 1.42
… … 2.79
… … 0.38
… … 0.11
… … 2.31
… … 0.31
… … 2.00
1990 1995 2000
Central and Eastern Europe
… 1.08
… 0.04
… 1.04
… 4.09
… 13.33
… 4.35
… 0.01
… 8.97
… 5.24
… 3.74
1990 1995 2000
Russian Fed.
6.14 10.58 10.97
0.32 0.75 0.79
5.82 9.83 10.18
1.55 1.69 2.13
8.03 14.97 24.76
3.09 3.95 3.97
0.17 0.44 0.66
4.77 10.58 20.13
0.49 0.93 4.72
4.28 9.64 15.40
1990 Africa 1995 2000
4.10 5.14 10.34
1.65 2.09 3.70
2.45 3.05 6.65
8.50 11.30 16.56
53.40 67.73 125.71
28.00 28.40 45.95
1.52 1.55 2.35
23.88 37.78 77.41
0.43 1.88 9.14
23.45 35.90 68.27
1990 Middle East 1995 2000
10.83 19.24 22.09
1.77 6.61 6.55
9.06 12.63 15.54
21.30 31.66 42.45
311.06 666.63 807.02
76.73 128.30 159.31
20.09 32.13 39.76
214.23 506.21 607.94
24.23 76.34 107.72
190.00 429.87 500.22
1990 Asia 1995 2000
4.28 5.60 4.21
1.52 2.47 1.89
2.76 3.13 2.32
9.09 8.99 9.98
98.21 203.27 207.49
-
8.11 9.72 9.83
90.11 193.55 197.66
8.96 33.42 42.62
81.14 160.13 155.03
1990 1995 2000
Japan
0.69 0.94 1.69
0.11 0.54 0.78
0.59 0.40 0.91
1.75 1.50 3.23
29.62 47.29 50.09
11.55 14.49 14.42
3.87 6.74 6.50
14.20 26.06 29.17
1.07 2.67 3.89
13.14 23.39 25.28
1990 1995 2000
Australia and New Zealand
5.85 12.71 16.20
0.15 3.61 3.88
5.71 9.10 12.32
10.46 21.17 29.25
183.23 416.07 549.44
65.18 113.81 144.90
8.12 15.66 23.43
109.92 286.60 381.12
14.20 40.25 61.21
95.72 246.35 319.91
1990 1995 2000
Other Asia
a Includes unspecified destinations. b Excludes the intra-trade of the Baltic States and the CIS in 1990 and 1995. Note: For sources and methods, see the Technical Notes.
European Union (15)
Appendix tables
Africa
165
Table A3
Network of world merchandise trade by region, 1998-00 (Billion dollars)
Destination
World a
North America
Latin America
Western Europe
Total
C/E.Europe/Baltic States/CIS
EU (15)
Total
C/E Europe
Russian Fed.
Origin World
1998 1999 2000
5297.00 5510.00 6186.00
1083.47 1206.05 1405.90
310.13 294.44 345.85
2297.11 2326.55 2437.90
2095.51 2137.78 2232.58
228.38 198.13 228.72
124.20 120.43 135.52
52.58 35.47 42.50
North America
1998 1999 2000
896.77 940.89 1058.10
337.02 372.92 420.56
146.26 146.83 174.06
176.07 182.29 195.32
161.23 167.18 177.99
8.07 6.13 6.36
2.82 2.64 2.76
3.79 1.99 2.22
Latin America
1998 1999 2000
280.20 298.70 358.70
152.71 179.14 220.10
57.06 50.17 61.59
40.95 41.03 45.01
38.56 38.38 41.60
2.90 2.71 2.72
0.90 0.84 1.03
1.87 1.82 1.33
Western Europe
1998 1999 2000
2363.55 2369.83 2441.31
208.51 232.35 263.34
60.64 53.25 54.85
1629.81 1639.44 1653.62
1487.29 1504.10 1512.25
132.94 118.05 129.49
89.40 87.37 94.37
25.39 16.46 19.37
1998 1999 2000
2194.60 2196.77 2251.25
191.57 212.00 239.00
57.14 50.04 51.57
1515.22 1523.10 1525.78
1380.74 1395.06 1392.34
123.67 110.79 121.60
84.75 82.94 89.64
22.79 15.08 17.82
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
1998 1999 2000
216.48 214.85 270.99
9.90 10.65 11.52
3.48 4.45 6.25
113.96 118.50 146.60
100.02 105.03 128.96
66.64 55.52 72.10
22.97 21.82 28.94
15.15 10.39 13.36
Central and Eastern Europe
1998 1999 2000
101.11 101.64 116.00
3.30 3.57 4.38
0.89 0.77 0.89
71.38 75.58 85.78
66.64 70.52 79.46
20.62 16.89 19.21
12.97 11.85 13.63
3.52 1.89 2.02
Russian Fed.
1998 1999 2000
74.90 75.70 105.20
5.38 5.11 4.85
2.04 2.90 4.40
29.89 31.29 45.61
23.34 24.85 36.89
25.65 22.72 31.77
7.70 7.80 12.24
-
Africa
1998 1999 2000
104.30 114.30 144.70
15.77 16.76 26.43
2.76 3.30 4.42
55.25 57.69 71.83
51.86 54.23 67.62
1.56 1.35 1.16
1.01 0.85 0.73
0.33 0.32 0.27
Middle East
1998 1999 2000
140.10 179.50 262.60
19.59 26.64 41.29
2.37 2.28 3.19
31.94 35.36 47.91
28.89 32.36 44.01
1.88 1.57 1.56
0.72 0.59 0.55
0.23 0.17 0.23
Asia
1998 1999 2000
1295.27 1392.03 1649.20
339.98 367.60 422.67
37.57 34.17 41.48
249.14 252.25 277.61
227.66 236.50 260.16
14.39 12.80 15.33
6.38 6.33 7.15
5.83 4.33 5.73
Japan
1998 1999 2000
387.93 419.37 479.25
126.22 136.76 151.66
14.01 11.49 13.22
77.19 79.52 83.42
71.69 74.58 78.41
2.40 2.02 2.52
1.14 1.23 1.63
0.98 0.48 0.57
Australia and New Zealand
1998 1999 2000
67.96 68.54 77.14
7.88 8.08 9.29
1.39 1.16 1.27
11.13 9.74 9.76
9.91 9.21 9.33
0.43 0.32 0.35
0.16 0.10 0.12
0.25 0.15 0.18
Other Asia
1998 1999 2000
839.38 904.13 1092.82
205.89 222.76 261.72
22.16 21.52 26.99
160.82 162.99 184.44
146.07 152.72 172.42
11.56 10.46 12.46
5.08 5.00 5.40
4.60 3.70 4.98
Appendix tables
European Union (15)
166
Table A3 (continued )
Network of world merchandise trade by region, 1998-00 (Billion dollars)
Total
South Africa
Middle East Other Africa
Asia
Total
Destination
Aust./ N. Zealand
Japan
Other Asia Total
China
Other
Origin
119.65 114.20 120.24
25.82 23.32 26.57
93.83 90.88 93.67
147.93 138.13 150.35
1046.60 1155.60 1427.47
249.31 273.34 339.06
69.04 73.52 76.36
728.25 808.74 1012.04
124.52 135.47 180.91
603.72 673.27 831.14
1998 World 1999 2000
12.60 11.10 12.00
3.95 3.03 3.45
8.65 8.07 8.55
24.72 22.38 20.37
191.61 198.86 229.11
63.82 63.77 70.93
14.63 14.67 15.36
113.16 120.42 142.82
15.97 15.05 18.66
97.19 105.37 124.16
1998 North America 1999 2000
3.49 2.94 3.16
0.62 0.64 0.74
2.87 2.30 2.42
3.31 2.75 2.80
18.09 18.49 21.41
6.57 7.01 7.93
0.57 0.62 0.70
10.94 10.86 12.79
2.84 2.20 3.94
8.10 8.65 8.85
1998 Latin America 1999 2000
63.65 59.20 58.93
12.27 10.55 11.23
51.38 48.65 47.70
61.38 56.98 59.53
172.52 178.38 199.00
38.76 42.44 46.06
17.09 17.76 17.40
116.68 118.18 135.54
19.90 24.24 29.04
96.78 93.94 106.50
60.03 55.67 55.79
11.73 10.11 10.74
48.29 45.56 45.06
55.71 51.20 53.80
158.80 163.16 182.79
34.50 37.70 41.20
16.14 16.75 16.42
108.16 108.71 125.18
19.02 23.00 27.80
89.15 85.71 97.38
2.63 2.73 2.76
0.11 0.11 0.13
2.53 2.62 2.63
4.56 3.94 6.51
12.54 15.81 20.46
3.23 3.98 4.92
0.16 0.12 0.13
9.16 11.71 15.42
4.65 5.26 7.68
4.51 6.45 7.74
1998 C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 1999 2000
1.16 1.12 1.12
0.06 0.05 0.08
1.11 1.08 1.05
1.53 1.21 1.42
1.94 2.24 2.79
0.30 0.26 0.38
0.14 0.10 0.11
1.50 1.89 2.31
0.17 0.32 0.31
1.33 1.58 2.00
1998 1999 2000
Central and Eastern Europe
1.04 1.12 1.08
0.03 0.06 0.04
1.01 1.06 1.04
2.13 1.85 4.09
8.04 10.36 13.33
2.75 3.58 4.35
0.02 0.01 0.01
5.28 6.77 8.97
3.20 3.53 5.24
2.08 3.25 3.74
1998 1999 2000
Russian Fed.
9.50 9.83 10.97
0.66 0.78 0.79
8.84 9.05 10.18
1.97 2.04 2.13
14.58 19.47 24.76
3.30 3.28 3.97
0.48 0.63 0.66
10.80 15.56 20.13
1.28 2.16 4.72
9.52 13.40 15.40
1998 Africa 1999 2000
6.21 7.13 10.34
1.73 2.39 3.70
4.48 4.75 6.65
11.90 12.74 16.56
60.12 77.54 125.71
23.30 28.19 45.95
1.17 1.42 2.35
35.65 47.94 77.41
2.89 3.27 9.14
32.76 44.67 68.27
1998 Middle East 1999 2000
21.58 21.28 22.09
6.49 5.83 6.55
15.09 15.45 15.54
40.08 37.30 42.45
577.14 647.05 807.02
110.34 124.68 159.31
34.94 38.30 39.76
431.86 484.08 607.94
77.00 83.30 107.72
354.86 400.78 500.22
1998 Asia 1999 2000
4.80 4.52 4.21
1.79 1.64 1.89
3.00 2.88 2.32
12.76 10.17 9.98
144.34 165.99 207.49
-
9.21 9.93 9.83
135.13 156.06 197.66
31.29 34.10 42.62
103.84 121.97 155.03
1998 1999 2000
Japan
1.59 1.53 1.69
0.72 0.63 0.78
0.87 0.90 0.91
2.50 2.58 3.23
42.10 44.13 50.09
12.51 12.35 14.42
6.11 7.02 6.50
23.47 24.76 29.17
2.74 2.97 3.89
20.74 21.79 25.28
1998 1999 2000
Australia and New Zealand
15.19 15.24 16.20
3.97 3.57 3.88
11.22 11.67 12.32
24.82 24.56 29.25
390.70 436.93 549.44
97.83 112.32 144.90
19.61 21.35 23.43
273.26 303.25 381.12
42.98 46.23 61.21
230.28 257.02 319.91
1998 1999 2000
Other Asia
a Includes unspecified destinations. Note: For sources and methods, see the Technical Notes.
1998 Western Europe 1999 2000 1998 1999 2000
European Union (15)
Appendix tables
Africa
167
Table A4
Merchandise trade of selected regional integration arrangements, 1990-00 (Billion dollars and percentage) 1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
APEC (21) Total exports
1327
1426
1535
1636
1865
2189
2284
2444
2345
2504
2931
Intra-exports
896
972
1065
1165
1366
1599
1639
1749
1624
1773
2127
Extra-exports
431
455
470
471
499
590
645
695
721
731
804
Total imports a
1404
1450
1560
1694
1955
2281
2441
2577
2396
2629
3171
Intra-imports
918
993
1090
1202
1400
1637
1714
1811
1704
1884
2159
Extra-imports
486
457
470
492
556
645
727
766
692
745
1013
EU (15) Total exports
1509
1493
1584 I
1466
1668
2052
2120
2110
2195
2197
2251
Intra-exports
980
988
1045 I
914
1042
1295
1322
1297
1381
1395
1392
Extra-exports
529
504
540
552
627
756
798
813
814
802
859
Total imports
1558
1579
1654 I
1477
1668
2035
2091
2085
2209
2252
2362
Intra-imports
982
990
1048 I
917
1045
1299
1326
1301
1385
1399
1396
Extra-imports
577
589
606
560
624
735
765
784
825
853
966
NAFTA (3) Total exports
562
592
629
662
739
856
923
1014
1014
1077
1224
Intra-exports
240
249
274
304
354
394
433
495
520
580
686
Extra-exports
322
342
355
358
384
462
489
519
494
497
539
Total imports b
673
676
738
800
917
1008
1082
1208
1271
1417
1672
Intra-imports
232
241
266
294
342
380
422
482
512
572
674
Extra-imports
442
435
473
506
574
628
660
726
759
845
998
ASEAN (10) Total exports
144
165
186
212
262
321
340
353
329
359
427
Intra-exports
29
35
39
47
65
82
87
88
72
79
101
Extra-exports
115
130
147
165
197
239
254
265
257
280
326
163
184
201
232
281
354
375
372
278
299
367
Intra-imports
26
32
37
44
55
67
74
75
63
69
90
Extra-imports
136
152
164
187
226
287
302
297
215
231
277
117
Total imports
CEFTA (6) Total exports
-
-
-
-
62
82
87
94
104
104
Intra-exports
-
-
-
-
9
12
12
13
13
12
13
Extra-exports
-
-
-
-
53
70
75
81
91
92
103 149
Total imports
-
-
-
-
73
98
115
123
137
134
Intra-imports
-
-
-
-
8
11
12
12
13
13
14
Extra-imports
-
-
-
-
65
87
103
111
123
121
135
Total exports
46
46
50
54
62
70
75
83
81
74
85
Intra-exports
4
5
7
10
12
14
17
21
20
15
18
Extra-exports
42
41
43
44
50
56
58
63
61
59
67
29
34
41
49
63
80
87
103
99
82
89
Intra-imports
4
5
7
9
12
14
18
21
21
16
18
Extra-imports
25
29
34
39
50
65
70
82
78
67
71
58
Total imports
ANDEAN (5) Total exports
31
29
28
28
34
40
46
46
39
43
Intra-exports
1
2
2
3
3
5
5
6
5
4
5
Extra-exports
30
28
26
25
30
35
41
41
34
40
53
Total imports c
18
22
27
29
30
38
36
44
45
36
40
Intra-imports
1
2
2
3
3
5
5
6
5
4
6
Extra-imports
16
20
25
26
27
33
31
38
39
32
34
Appendix tables
MERCOSUR (4)
a Imports of Canada, Mexico, Peru and Australia are valued f.o.b. b Imports of Canada and Mexico are valued f.o.b. c Imports of Peru and Venezuela are valued f.o.b. Note: The figures are not fully adjusted for differences in the way members of the arrangements in this table record their merchandise trade.
169
Table A5
World merchandise exports by region and selected economy, 1990-00 (Million dollars) 1990
1991
3442000
3509000
North America
521775
Canada United States
127629 393592
World a
Latin America Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Grenada Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Netherlands Antilles Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru St. Kitts and Nevis St. Lucia St. Vincent and the Grenadines Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela
Appendix tables
Western Europe
170
Austria Belgium Belgium-Luxembourg Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Iceland Ireland Italy Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Norway Portugal
1992
1993
1994
3759000 I
3747000
4244000
549335
583055
610305
127163 421730
134435 448163
145178 464773
146800
145100
153100 I
21 12353 1050 209 108 926 31414 8372 6766 1448 5100 55 2170 2714 582 27 1163 251 160 831 1135 40711 1789 330 340 959 3230 28 127 83 472 2080 1693 17497
40 11978 1517 205 98 849 31620 8941 7232 1598 2800 54 2449 2852 588 23 1202 248 166 792 1053 42688 1599 272 358 737 3329 27 110 67 359 1985 1605 15155
55 12235 1770 191 115 710 35793 10007 6917 1841 I 1600 56 2831 3007 796 20 1295 302 73 802 1102 46196 1559 223 502 657 3484 26 123 78 391 1869 1703 14185
1637120
1619250
41265 117703 36870 26571 216588 421100 8105 1592 23743 170304 1133 131775 34047 16417
41111 118199 37824 23080 217100 402843 8666 1550 24224 169465 1234 133631 34107 16280
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
5079000 I
5347000
5537000
5447000
5662000
6364000
678355
777370
827145
903465
896770
940890
1058095
165376 512627
192197 584743
201633 625073
214422 688697
214327 682138
238446 702098
276635 781125
161800
188300
229300
256300
283800
280200
298700
358700
47 13118 1450 179 118 728 38597 9198 7115 2625 1000 48 3211 2904 1032 22 1340 423 80 814 1069 51886 1283 267 553 725 3514 27 120 57 326 1662 1645 14066
27 15659 1030 182 127 1032 43558 11604 8419 2869 1385 47 3453 3819 1249 25 1521 456 82 843 1212 60882 1376 351 583 816 4554 22 106 50 449 1954 1913 16089
30 20967 940 239 142 1100 46506 16024 10125 3453 1600 45 3780 4307 1652 23 2155 455 110 1220 1427 79542 1522 526 625 919 5575 19 124 42 477 2467 2106 18457
17 23811 1030 281 154 1137 47747 15405 10587 3730 2015 51 4053 4900 1789 21 2031 517 90 1316 1383 96000 1269 671 623 1044 5897 22 82 46 433 2569 2397 23060
13 26370 1110 283 159 1167 52990 16663 11522 4268 1812 53 4614 5264 2416 23 2344 644 120 1446 1383 110431 1488 704 723 1089 6841 26 66 46 701 2569 2726 21624
15 26441 860 252 155 1104 51120 14830 10852 5511 1540 63 4989 4203 2452 27 2582 484 175 1575 1312 117460 1169 573 784 1014 5757 28 62 50 436 2264 2769 17193
10 23333 920 264 166 1051 48011 15616 11576 6577 1466 54 5137 4451 2497 46 2398 523 196 1249 1240 136391 1360 544 821 741 6113 28 59 49 450 2806 2237 20190
10 26298 910 272 194 1214 55086 18158 13040 5865 1635 53 5700 4846 2933 50 2650 570 164 1322 1296 166424 1290 625 859 852 7002 30 60 47 435 4600 2295 31802
1719020 I
1591090
1807735
2215470
2294390
2282085
2363550
2369835
2441310
44435 123132 276 4597 41577 23981 235871 430042 9510 1528 28331 178155 1540 140335 35178 18350
40174 120688 95 3913 37748 23446 210319 380075 8437 1399 29092 169164 1355 139095 31853 15388
44913 139452 91 4260 42401 29514 235249 427100 9399 1623 34080 191048 1570 157941 34692 17927
62584 178811 605 4541 48173 43145 306052 542812 10868 2050 64284 245469 1834 200769 40402 24770
64292 179320 627 4303 49705 41867 302443 544076 10150 2004 71258 235806 7865 1980 201197 45479 24564
63903 186148 1030 4390 49631 45635 298127 551505 10229 1920 79868 237750 7850 2336 212507 60038 23323
I
I I I I I I
I I
1995
57533 171001 152 4633 50594 40310 286795 I 523007 10945 1804 44610 234003 1914 196902 41992 22596
57827 170324 336 4511 51026 40448 289461 524291 11880 1897 48649 252048 1731 200976 49645 24610
58588 168223 I 575 4170 48631 40999 289945 512448 11167 1851 53569 240225 1641 193598 48541 23929
Table A5 (continued)
World merchandise exports by region and selected economy, 1990-00
1990
1991
Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland TFYR Macedonia Turkey United Kingdom Yugoslavia Yugoslavia, former
55642 57540 63784 12959 185172 14308
60177 55217 61517 13594 184964 13947
European Union (15) Extra-exports
1508795 529135
1492780 504450
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS Albania Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Bulgaria Czech and Slovak Fed. Rep., former Czech Rep. Estonia Georgia Hungary Kazakhstan Kyrgyz Rep. Latvia Lithuania Moldova, Rep. of Poland Romania Russian Fed. Slovak Rep. Tajikistan Turkmenistan Ukraine USSR, former Uzbekistan Central and Eastern Europe Africa Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo Congo, Dem. Rep. of Côte d'Ivoire Djibouti
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
6681 64334 I 56118 65678 1199 14716 190003 I 2929 -
6083 60935 49857 63185 1055 15343 181645 332 -
6828 73129 61292 70360 1086 18106 205021 240 -
8316 91613 79584 81641 1204 21637 242008 230 -
8312 102091 84879 80843 1147 23224 261693 2018 -
8372 104277 82883 76150 1236 26261 281659 2677 -
9048 109037 84944 78856 1311 26974 272879 2858 -
8604 110246 84842 80300 1192 26588 269139 1498 -
8733 113747 86933 81534 1319 26572 284090 1727 -
1584175 I 539615
1466065 552035
1668465 626675
2051500 756220
2120205 798095
2110140 812770
2194595 813855
2196770 801710
2251245 858905
105420
92905 I
100050 I
107215
123705 I
159475 I
213635 I
223645 I
216480 I
214850
270985
230 5030 11880 10000 14320 4960 59000 -
100 3760 11460 10185 13800 4400 49200 -
70 ... ... ... 3550 12170 I ... ... 10705 ... ... ... ... ... 14500 4500 40000 6355 ... ... ... ...
125 ... ... ... 3580 14465 ... ... 8905 ... ... ... ... ... 14140 4890 45480 5460 ... ... ... ...
140 55 375 965 4005 16205 735 40 10700 1325 115 485 860 I 150 17240 6150 51320 6690 380 480 4345 I 945
200 100 I 340 I 1415 I 5355 21655 1155 I 55 I 12865 I 2195 I 135 I 695 I 1310 I 265 I 22895 7910 63320 I 8580 470 I 940 I 5945 I 1675 I
215 290 630 5650 4890 21905 2080 200 15705 5910 505 1445 3355 795 24440 8085 88600 8830 I 770 1695 14400 3240
140 235 780 7300 4940 22775 2940 240 19100 6495 605 1670 3860 875 25750 I 8430 88330 9695 745 1000 14230 3510
205 220 605 7070 4300 26350 I 3245 I 190 23005 5435 515 1810 3710 630 28230 8300 74900 10720 595 590 12635 3220
265 235 930 5920 3935 26240 2410 240 25015 5590 455 1725 3005 460 27405 8505 75700 10275 690 1340 11580 2930
260 300 1750 7380 4725 29000 3175 330 28090 9140 505 1865 3810 470 31650 10365 105200 11905 780 2700 14575 3010
46420
43705 I
51850 I
51565
61130
79460 I
84070 I
90830 I
101110 I
101640
115995
104100
98900
96800
91600
94400
107200 I
123500
126300 I
104300
114300
144700
12930 3910 288 1784 152 75 2002 6 120 188 18 981 999 3072 25
12570 3410 330 1849 106 90 1834 6 126 194 24 1029 829 2686 17
11130 3755 335 1742 64 72 1840 5 124 182 22 1183 426 2840 16
10230 3762 384 1780 69 68 1883 4 133 131 22 1068 368 2648 17
8880 3018 398 1878 107 107 1486 5 151 157 11 959 418 2742 17
10240 3642 420 2142 160 105 1651 9 178 184 11 1172 437 3644 17
12620 5095 528 2536 233 39 1768 13 147 243 6 1555 591 4281 23
13894 5007 424 2842 232 86 1860 14 154 237 9 1668 530 4451 28
9839 3543 414 1948 319 65 1671 10 200 261 9 1476 500 4606 23
12525 5156 405 2644 254 54 1601 11 150 202 10 1560 490 4542 20
19550 7858 376 2670 228 49 1880 13 170 183 … 2500 450 4029 …
Appendix tables
(Million dollars)
171
Table A5 (continued)
World merchandise exports by region and selected economy, 1990-00 (Million dollars)
Egypt Equatorial Guinea Ethiopia Ethiopia, former Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa b Sudan Swaziland Tanzania, United Rep. of Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe Middle East
Appendix tables
Bahrain Cyprus Iran, Islamic Rep. of Iraq Israel Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic United Arab Emirates Yemen
172
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2585 65 298 2204 40 897 671 19 1031 59 330 13877 319 417 359 469 1194 4265 126 1085 282 13670 110 4 761 56 138 150 23549 374 556 415 268 3526 147 1309 1726
3659 86 189 2243 42 617 755 20 1108 67 340 11212 305 472 312 439 1195 4313 162 1213 312 12264 93 6 651 49 145 91 23306 305 611 342 253 3699 200 1083 1532
3051 58 169 2082 63 1252 657 6 1339 109 350 10300 277 383 342 425 1297 3984 139 1341 333 11886 66 5 673 48 149 118 23875 319 664 416 275 4019 142 756 1445
3105 75 199 2295 51 974 665 28 1336 133 300 8020 261 320 349 423 1299 3991 132 1289 287 9908 66 5 707 51 118 117 24261 417 674 450 136 3802 179 826 1567
3476 66 372 2350 35 1425 626 33 1609 143 350 8954 406 329 335 410 1347 4035 157 1321 225 9415 41 8 791 51 115 136 25320 523 783 519 328 4657 424 927 1884
3450 127 422 2713 16 1724 702 24 1878 160 400 8975 367 442 441 499 1538 4719 I 168 1371 286 11725 54 5 969 52 42 145 27860 555 957 682 383 5475 460 1048 2118
3539 232 417 3307 21 1669 709 28 2067 187 512 9903 299 471 439 491 1802 6881 217 1357 280 16153 60 4 986 100 47 150 29221 620 892 759 441 5516 587 1037 2406
3921 497 587 3024 15 1635 684 48 2053 196 500 9656 278 537 561 406 1592 7032 222 1363 272 15213 88 5 905 113 17 150 31027 I 594 960 753 424 5559 555 915 2541
3130 423 561 1920 27 1795 750 27 2008 194 610 6659 235 514 556 350 1645 7153 230 1218 334 9729 60 5 968 122 7 130 26362 596 966 589 411 5738 501 816 2111
3559 714 460 2400 7 1820 730 51 1747 172 500 7700 233 442 571 373 1554 7367 263 1246 284 12814 60 4 982 145 6 100 26707 780 941 543 387 5872 519 759 1887
4689 936 450 3350 … 1670 750 80 1734 200 500 14200 260 350 550 300 1493 7417 235 1455 290 20100 53 3 960 180 13 110 29983 1807 900 663 340 5850 380 800 1670
134100
118800
127300
122300
125000
3761 957 16870 12380 12080 1064 7042 494 5508 3890 44417 4212 20730 692
3513 964 17320 370 11921 1130 1088 539 4871 3210 47797 3429 22160 506
3465 987 16420 560 13119 1215 6660 560 5428 3841 50280 3093 21220 474
3710 867 15850 550 14825 1232 10248 452 5299 3245 42395 3146 19670 856
3616 968 14790 510 16884 1424 11260 470 5545 3213 42614 3047 19700 934 I
145600
169700
177700
140100
179500
262600
4112 1229 16800 496 19046 1769 13785 816 6068 3651 50040 3563 22300 1945
4700 1387 19400 731 20610 1816 14889 1020 7346 4447 60729 3999 26000 2675
4384 1250 18381 4600 22503 1836 14224 643 7630 5570 60732 3916 29500 2504
3270 1061 13118 6950 22993 1802 9554 662 5508 5030 38822 2890 26900 1496
4088 997 19726 12000 25794 1832 12218 677 7231 7214 50761 3464 31030 2440
5710 954 30017 19300 31338 1897 19544 714 11328 9378 84060 4250 39900 4200
Table A5 (continued)
World merchandise exports by region and selected economy, 1990-00 (Million dollars)
Asia a Afghanistan Australia Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Darussalam Cambodia China Fiji Hong Kong, China domestic exports re-exports India Indonesia Japan Kiribati Korea, Rep. of Lao People's Dem. Rep. Macau, China Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal New Caledonia New Zealand Pakistan Papua New Guinea Philippines Samoa Singapore domestic exports re-exports Solomon Islands Sri Lanka Taipei, Chinese Thailand Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu Viet Nam Memorandum items World excl. EU intra-exports Western Europe excl. EU intra-exports
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
792400
884700
980200
1062900
1226500
1444600
1462400
1540100
1445500
1544100
1828000
235 39752 1671 75 2213 86 62091 615 82390 29002 53388 17975 25675 287581 3 65016 78 1694 29416 52 660 325 210 449 9488 5589 1144 8068 9 52752 34848 17904 70 1983 67142 23070 11 0 19 2404
188 41854 1689 72 2675 213 71910 462 98659 29738 68921 17664 29142 314786 3 71870 96 1660 34349 54 348 419 264 444 9589 6528 1338 8767 6 59025 38485 20540 83 2039 76115 28428 13 0 18 2087
145 42824 2098 71 2401 265 84940 407 119587 30251 89336 19563 33966 339885 5 76632 132 1755 40713 40 388 537 374 409 9824 7317 1810 9752 6 63484 40762 22722 102 2455 81395 32472 12 0 24 2580
140 42723 2278 69 2167 265 91744 405 135385 28831 106554 21553 36823 362244 3 82236 240 1768 47122 35 380 583 390 356 10537 6688 2491 11089 6 74012 46732 27280 129 2859 84678 36775 16 0 23 2970
155 47538 2661 66 2234 240 121006 550 151465 28736 122729 25022 40054 397005 5 96013 300 1843 58844 45 356 798 363 355 12185 7535 2640 13304 4 96826 58333 38493 142 3207 92876 45261 14 0 25 4054
155 53111 3407 82 2389 374 148780 623 173871 29946 143925 30630 45417 443116 7 125058 311 2025 73914 49 473 851 344 515 13645 8176 2644 17501 9 118268 69557 48711 168 3797 111563 56439 14 0 28 5449
155 60300 3539 99 2474 378 151048 750 180916 27431 153485 33105 49814 410901 5 129715 322 2100 78327 59 424 746 384 492 14452 9536 2513 20408 10 125014 73466 51548 162 4095 115730 55720 9 0 30 7255
150 62910 4017 118 2467 411 182877 620 188195 27306 160889 35008 53443 420957 6 136164 359 2282 78740 73 452 866 402 527 14221 8758 2163 24882 15 124986 72402 52584 175 4632 121081 57388 10 0 35 9185
140 55893 5057 107 2058 392 183589 510 174863 24587 150276 33437 48847 387927 7 132313 370 2134 73305 74 345 1065 474 398 12070 8514 1775 29414 15 109895 63381 46514 126 4809 110518 54456 8 0 34 9361
120 56080 5175 132 2650 550 195150 650 174403 22381 152022 36316 48665 419367 6 143686 311 2181 84455 64 336 1125 602 395 12455 8491 1877 36576 20 114689 68691 45998 146 4584 121496 58440 12 ... 26 11523
… 63869 6500 … 3500 700 249297 570 202440 23675 178765 42295 62124 479249 … 172268 320 2529 98237 76 355 1391 804 635 13267 9173 1980 39783 14 137875 78852 59101 103 5134 148320 69057 … ... 25 14450
2462000
2521000
2715000
2833000
3202000
3784000 I
4025000
4240000
4066000
4267000
4972000
657460
630920
674460
677060
765940
920190
972280
984715
982805
974775
1048965
a Includes significant re-exports. b Beginning with 1998, figures refer to South Africa only and no longer to the South African Customs Union. Note: Breaks in the continuity of the value series for particular countries and regional groupings are indicated by an ’I’.
Appendix tables
They result from (i) changes in political boundaries; (ii) inclusion of the Baltic States and the CIS mutual trade beginning with 1996; and (iii) changes in the methods of collecting and reporting merchandise trade statistics. Details are in the Technical Notes. It should be noted that the World and Asia totals contain a significant element of double counting due to the use of the general system of recording merchandise trade statistics which includes re-exports. Recent figures for a number of countries and territories have been estimated by the Secretariat.
173
Table A6
World merchandise imports by region and selected economy, 1990-00 (Million dollars) 1990
1991
3542000
3626000
North America
641360
Canada United States
World a
Latin America Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Grenada Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Netherlands Antilles Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru St. Kitts and Nevis St. Lucia St. Vincent and the Grenadines Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela
Appendix tables
Western Europe
174
Austria Belgium Belgium-Luxembourg Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Iceland Ireland Italy Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Norway Portugal
1992
1993
1994
3880000 I
3859000
4369000
634145
684280
743415
123244 516987
124782 508363
129262 553923
130300
147900
255 4076 1738 700 211 687 22524 7678 5590 1990 4600 118 3006 1861 1263 105 1649 311 332 935 1859 43548 2146 638 1539 1352 3470 110 271 136 472 1262 1343 7335
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
5218000 I
5525000
5720000
5667000
5899000
6669000
845305
940325
998290
1100950
1151510
1280825
1503590
139035 603438
155072 689215
168426 770852
175158 822025
200873 899020
206066 944353
220183 1059435
244786 1257636
176900 I
193600
225800
254400
278600
330000
346400
335500
388300
287 8275 1806 694 256 970 22950 8094 4906 1877 2600 110 3054 2397 1406 121 1851 307 400 955 1491 52315 2173 751 1695 1460 4195 110 295 139 509 1667 1637 11147
320 14872 2100 521 274 1090 23068 10129 6516 2440 I 1500 111 3859 2500 1855 107 2531 442 278 1037 1668 65050 1869 855 2024 1422 4861 95 313 132 542 1436 2045 14065
279 16784 2870 574 280 1206 27740 11125 9831 3515 1500 94 4654 2561 2145 144 2599 484 355 1130 2097 68439 1807 744 2188 1689 4859 118 300 134 525 1463 2325 12510
335 21527 2080 615 259 1209 35997 11824 11882 3789 2055 96 4903 3622 2547 119 2781 506 251 1056 2224 83075 1758 874 2404 2370 6690 128 303 130 423 1134 2786 9187
343 20122 1550 771 257 1424 53783 15914 13853 4036 2825 117 5170 4152 3329 124 3292 527 653 1642 2818 75858 1841 961 2510 3144 9224 133 307 135 585 1724 2867 12649
362 23762 2960 833 255 1635 56947 17827 13683 4300 3205 129 5727 3934 3223 152 3146 597 665 1839 2965 93674 2519 1141 2779 3204 9472 149 304 131 501 2204 3323 9880
370 30450 2000 996 286 1851 65007 19662 15378 4924 3987 124 6609 4954 3739 173 3851 630 648 2149 3132 114846 2083 1532 3002 3403 10264 150 332 188 658 3059 3727 14606
385 31404 2100 1010 325 1983 60618 18779 14635 6230 4181 136 7597 5576 3962 200 4651 600 797 2500 3035 130948 2062 1492 3074 2897 9867 150 335 193 552 3012 3811 15817
414 25508 1800 1108 366 1755 51675 15137 10659 6320 4301 141 8041 3017 4084 210 4382 550 1025 2728 2899 148648 2580 1862 3516 1906 8075 135 360 201 486 2744 3357 14063
355 25149 1730 1156 450 1760 58532 18070 11539 6372 4900 147 9800 3465 4888 230 4770 660 1036 2885 3216 182635 2880 1792 3379 2193 8797 160 370 163 550 3250 3466 16085
1700335
1711215
1789965 I
1607990
1807100
2209240
2280070
2277710
2406635
2438610
2566885
49146 119702 33333 27001 234436 355686 19777 1680 20669 181968 1964 126098 27231 25263
50815 120182 34190 21809 231784 389908 21580 1760 20771 182679 2130 125873 25572 26113
54112 125047 360 4500 35714 21208 239638 408619 23220 1684 22477 188451 2331 134650 25905 29581
48578 111065 365 4666 31270 18032 203272 342559 22035 1349 21837 148053 2174 124718 23956 24147
55069 128198 894 5229 36390 23090 230019 381539 21492 1472 25887 168930 2447 140901 27307 26990
68028 166798 2610 8384 46086 32338 290975 470656 30267 2489 44539 218168 2668 187128 37478 38394
69679 164965 2660 7799 44693 31675 293577 474509 26570 2503 47288 220844 10814 2846 190658 34172 40011
68627 172967 2810 7911 44322 33903 305423 502827 26336 2575 50870 236461 10237 3417 197982 34408 38240
I
I I I I I I
I I
1995
66263 156676 1082 7510 45564 29440 276295 I 463485 25927 1756 33058 206062 2890 177582 32968 32359
67327 161304 1882 7788 44984 30695 282367 458807 28419 2031 35885 208235 2801 182907 35615 35185
64752 155845 I 2333 9104 44446 31012 271446 445284 26971 1992 39237 209962 2552 177806 35708 35022
Table A6 (continued)
World merchandise imports by region and selected economy, 1990-00
1990
1991
Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland TFYR Macedonia Turkey United Kingdom Yugoslavia Yugoslavia, former
87715 54264 69681 22302 222977 18871
93306 49990 66485 21047 209947 14738
European Union (15) extra-imports
1558035 576510
1578945 589445
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
6142 99758 I 50017 65723 1206 22872 221551 I 4634 -
6529 79609 42681 60828 1199 29174 206380 550 -
7304 92182 51725 67997 1484 23270 227229 750 -
9492 114832 64556 80152 1719 35709 265210 900 -
9423 121865 66910 79264 1627 43627 287246 4102 -
9357 122710 65633 75960 1779 48559 308328 4799 -
10110 132789 68592 80094 1915 45921 315200 4820 -
9952 144952 68624 79857 1796 40692 320306 3296 -
10107 153516 72788 83584 2085 53499 336979 3698 -
1654045 I 606470
1476750 560080
1668475 623675
2034515 735495
2091310 765385
2084870 783745
2209455 824725
2252275 853185
2362030 965670
113720
97505 I
99980 I
109570
121245 I
155575 I
230155 I
246740 I
243515 I
213050
241550
380 5100 12460 10340 11570 7600 66270 -
410 3790 10680 11370 18390 5795 47070 -
230 ... ... ... 4220 12880 I ... ... 11080 ... ... ... ... ... 18540 6260 33100 I 6670 ... ... ... ...
520 ... ... ... 4900 14615 ... ... 12530 ... ... ... ... ... 20180 6525 32865 6325 ... ... ... ...
680 190 285 945 4585 17425 1255 70 14555 1355 105 750 I 1065 I 180 22680 7110 36300 6610 295 760 2740 I 1190
800 340 I 430 I 1700 I 5660 25265 1970 I 230 I 15465 I 1115 I 160 I 1110 I 2000 I 260 I 29050 10280 43055 I 8770 320 I 610 I 5250 I 1600 I
940 855 1210 6940 5075 27715 3235 685 18145 4240 840 2320 4560 1070 37135 11435 68830 11125 I 670 1315 17605 4210
640 890 1360 8690 4930 27165 4440 940 21235 4300 710 2720 5645 1170 42310 I 11280 73615 11670 750 1230 17130 3920
830 900 1650 8550 4960 28790 I 4785 I 885 25705 4350 840 3190 5795 1025 47055 11840 59800 13075 710 980 14675 3125
1020 800 1360 6665 5470 28075 3440 600 28010 3685 600 2945 4835 570 45910 10395 40800 11265 665 1255 11845 2840
1080 885 1390 8485 6440 32180 4255 725 32080 5050 555 3190 5455 775 48940 13055 45500 12670 675 1400 13955 2810
Central and Eastern Europe
47450
50435 I
59880 I
65595
73645
95290 I
111570
119230 I
132255 I
130145
146445
Africa
94900
93800
99000
97300
104400
125300 I
125100
131800 I
132000
128400
137000
9780 1578 265 1946 536 231 1400 136 154 285 52 621 887 2097 215
7770 1347 241 1947 533 248 1173 147 92 249 58 594 710 2103 214
8550 1988 578 1861 466 221 1163 180 145 243 76 687 419 2317 219
8785 1463 571 1771 509 204 1102 154 125 200 59 581 372 2014 230
9370 1633 431 1640 349 224 1083 209 139 177 53 631 381 1917 243
9403 2120 674 2387 783 158 1495 240 140 356 54 680 322 2991 275
9162 3170 664 2198 696 118 1318 280 130 316 55 821 370 3252 270
9152 3400 602 2240 545 148 1360 320 110 290 … 890 320 3084 …
Albania Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Bulgaria Czech and Slovak Fed. Rep., former c Czech Rep. b Estonia Georgia Hungary Kazakhstan Kyrgyz Rep. Latvia Lithuania Moldova, Rep. of Poland Romania Russian Fed. Slovak Rep. b Tajikistan Turkmenistan Ukraine USSR, former b Uzbekistan
Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo Congo, Dem. Rep. of Côte d'Ivoire Djibouti
10250 1700 746 1911 455 234 1199 252 175 365 63 670 397 2945 275
8840 2053 654 1723 647 127 1227 234 141 332 64 1400 424 2902 308
8691 2332 681 2258 587 121 1359 235 145 334 60 926 318 2781 235
Appendix tables
(Million dollars)
175
Table A6 (continued)
World merchandise imports by region and selected economy, 1990-00 (Million dollars)
Egypt Equatorial Guinea Ethiopia Ethiopia, former Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa c Sudan Swaziland Tanzania, United Rep. of Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe Middle East
Appendix tables
Bahrain Cyprus Iran, Islamic Rep. of Iraq Israel Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic United Arab Emirates Yemen
176
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
9216 … 1081 918 199 1205 723 68 2125 672 220 5336 571 581 619 388 1618 6800 878 1163 388 5627 288 27 1219 186 149 95 18399 618 663 1027 581 5542 213 1220 1847
7862 … 472 834 222 1055 735 67 1797 813 259 5361 450 703 671 425 1576 6873 899 1149 355 9031 306 31 1173 172 163 55 18834 890 718 1533 443 5189 196 790 2055
8245 … 839 700 234 2169 740 84 1713 977 314 4530 448 718 608 407 1630 7348 855 1283 479 8119 288 31 1034 192 146 65 19761 820 866 1510 394 6431 439 795 2203
8184 … 787 845 243 2575 730 62 1711 912 323 5080 468 546 634 445 1715 6760 955 1188 375 7508 332 30 1087 238 147 263 20017 944 873 1497 179 6214 535 809 1819
10219 … 1033 756 212 2108 706 164 2091 845 280 5548 441 497 589 362 1930 7188 1019 1196 328 6512 236 39 1022 206 150 269 23387 1227 927 1504 222 6580 875 594 2241
11760 … 1145 882 182 1906 750 133 2991 986 350 5392 543 475 792 494 1976 8563 I 718 1468 373 9332 236 31 1412 232 133 193 30555 1218 1104 1675 594 7902 1056 700 2660
13038 … 1401 969 258 2108 859 87 2949 999 405 5873 507 624 843 463 2289 9704 759 1580 448 7996 258 35 1436 274 211 170 30126 1547 1174 1388 664 7700 1191 835 2803
13211 … 1320 1104 278 2326 988 89 3279 1025 400 6123 470 781 739 438 2189 9525 739 1642 391 10330 297 16 1447 340 93 180 32998 I 1580 1192 1337 645 7914 1316 819 3092
16166 … 1500 1255 245 2563 1090 68 3197 863 270 5466 514 579 761 359 2073 10290 790 1507 377 10002 285 16 1407 384 95 180 29242 1915 1185 1453 588 8350 1414 750 2701
16022 … 1317 960 192 3505 1100 69 2832 781 280 4300 505 698 753 305 2247 9925 1139 1425 389 10370 253 14 1471 434 81 220 26696 1390 1150 1556 597 8474 1342 670 2126
14010 … 1560 1030 … 3075 1130 90 3105 700 290 7740 700 590 690 340 2081 11484 1100 1510 445 12910 213 26 1525 340 149 … 29695 1500 1040 1524 550 8560 1650 780 1650
99200
111400
129600
121400
117300
130700
141400
149800
148800
150800
171200
3712 2568 15716 7660 16793 2600 3972 2529 2681 1695 24069 2400 11199 1571
4115 2620 21688 540 18848 2508 4761 3747 3194 1720 29079 2767 13746 2025
4263 3313 23200 870 20261 3255 7261 4202 3769 2015 33698 3490 17410 2587
3858 2590 15540 700 22623 3539 7036 4821 4114 1891 28198 4139 19520 2821
3747 3017 10900 620 25237 3381 6697 5933 3914 1927 23338 5467 21024 2087
3716 3690 11230 720 29578 3697 7790 7278 4247 3398 28091 4709 20984 1580
4273 3979 15117 950 31620 4293 8373 7575 4578 2868 27765 5380 22638 2038
4026 3655 14196 4260 30781 4102 8246 7464 5026 3322 28742 4028 29951 2014
3566 3685 14323 4400 29342 3828 8619 7070 5682 3409 30013 3895 28847 2167
3588 3618 12683 8524 33160 3717 7617 6207 4674 2500 28011 3832 30674 2008
4612 3847 15220 13700 38130 4539 7622 6228 5040 3340 30300 3860 31930 2880
Table A6 (continued)
World merchandise imports by region and selected economy, 1990-00 (Million dollars)
Asia a Afghanistan Australia Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Darussalam Cambodia China Fiji Hong Kong, China a retained imports India Indonesia Japan Kiribati Korea, Rep. of Lao People's Dem. Rep. Macau, China Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal New Caledonia New Zealand Pakistan Papua New Guinea Philippines Samoa Singapore a retained imports Solomon Islands Sri Lanka Taipei, Chinese Thailand Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu Viet Nam
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
762300
830300
900100
985700
1147500
1402300
1471200
1483400
1237700
1351600
1660100
936 42032 3618 78 1001 164 53345 753 84725 31337 23642 21837 235368 27 69844 201 1532 29258 138 924 270 686 883 9501 7546 1193 13041 80 60899 42995 94 2685 54831 33379 62 5 96 2752
616 41697 3412 97 1208 245 63791 652 103883 34962 20418 25869 236999 26 81525 215 1842 36648 161 360 646 758 863 8381 8633 1614 12786 94 66293 45753 110 3054 63078 37591 59 5 83 2338
411 43807 3732 128 1482 351 80585 630 127340 38004 23580 27280 233246 37 81775 253 1949 39926 189 418 651 792 917 9202 9595 1485 15449 110 72179 49457 98 3445 72181 40686 63 5 82 2540
380 45577 3994 90 1822 404 103959 720 141308 34754 22761 28327 241624 28 83800 432 1992 45657 185 361 814 880 849 9636 9719 1299 18754 105 85234 57954 137 3991 77099 46208 61 7 78 3924
370 53425 4602 92 1874 500 115615 829 165894 43165 26846 31985 275235 26 102348 564 2098 59600 221 258 885 1155 876 11913 9094 1522 22641 81 102670 64177 142 4767 85507 54459 69 8 89 5826
450 61282 6502 112 2078 631 132084 867 196072 52147 34707 40630 335882 35 135119 588 2025 77691 267 415 1334 1333 912 13958 11725 1451 28341 95 124507 75796 166 5306 103698 70786 77 9 95 7500
450 65427 6621 128 2487 467 138833 984 201284 47799 37942 42929 349152 33 150339 689 1992 78418 301 451 1358 1398 1005 14724 12411 1740 34126 100 131338 79790 170 5442 101287 72331 75 8 98 11144
450 65892 6898 137 2203 465 142189 965 213297 52408 41432 41694 338754 35 144616 706 2077 79030 348 468 2037 1693 937 14518 11650 1697 38622 97 132437 79853 180 5851 113924 62853 73 10 94 11592
380 64630 6974 157 1552 480 140305 721 186759 36483 42980 27337 280484 36 93282 553 1948 58319 354 503 2666 1246 963 12495 9330 1232 31496 97 101496 54982 155 5905 104946 42971 69 10 88 11494
380 69158 7694 200 1500 530 165788 765 180711 28689 44889 24004 311262 40 119752 525 2036 64966 402 426 2300 1422 1008 14299 10297 1188 32568 115 111060 65062 110 5876 110957 50342 73 9 96 11600
… 71531 8360 … 1600 580 225097 610 214200 35435 50455 33515 379511 … 160481 580 2261 82210 389 550 2369 1573 1017 13906 11048 1120 33808 106 134545 75574 … 6823 140010 61924 70 … … 15635
2560000
2637000
2832000
2942000
3324000
3919000
4199000
4419000
4282000
4500000
5273000
718810
721715
742390
691320
762300
910220
954145
976585
1021905
1039520
1170525
Memorandum items World excl. EU intra-imports Western Europe excl. EU intra-imports
Appendix tables
a Includes significant imports for re-export. b Imports are valued f.o.b. c Beginning with 1998, figures refer to South Africa only and no longer to the South African Customs Union. Note: Breaks in the continuity of the value series for particular countries and regional groupings are indicated by an ’I’. They result from (ii) changes in political boundaries; (ii) inclusion of the Baltic States and the CIS mutual trade beginning with 1996; and (iii) changes in the methods of collecting and reporting merchandise trade statistics. Details are in the Technical Notes. It should be noted that the World and Asia totals contain a significant element of double counting due to the use of the general system of recording merchandise trade statistics which includes imports for re-exports. Recent figures for a number of countries and territories have been estimated by the Secretariat.
177
Table A7
World exports of commercial services by selected region and economy, 1990-00 (Million dollars) 1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
World
782700
825100
923100
940400
1036700
1189100
1271300
1321400
1333600
1357300
1435400
North America
151200
167300
178800
187600
205100
224000
245800
264600
270500
282800
311800
Canada United States
18350 132854
19550 147742
20030 158816
21211 166390
23210 181907
25425 198536
28601 217149
30735 233860
32272 238185
34161 248622
37189 274566
29700
30900
34600
36600
41300
44400
46700
50300
54200
54100
60700
308 2264 398 1465 627 83 133 3706 1786 1548 583 ... 33 1086 508 301 63 313 ... 43 121 976 7222 1130 34 907 404 714 54 149 41 31 322 460 1121
317 2174 464 1313 594 89 143 3268 2060 1540 662 ... 37 1187 524 284 71 422 ... 48 159 950 7876 1191 50 1019 419 742 68 171 43 33 397 590 1148
339 2883 559 1361 591 108 150 4002 2283 1932 808 744 44 1337 584 338 75 580 102 33 186 1060 8150 1302 51 1029 350 751 79 191 56 36 444 822 1206
374 2969 588 1434 663 116 165 3911 2441 2457 1005 832 47 1491 619 291 87 625 112 26 191 1211 8296 1323 72 1071 424 742 83 205 61 45 343 1020 1230
396 3219 605 1490 785 109 177 4817 2764 1521 1163 1160 53 1737 706 338 100 659 117 7 207 1452 10075 1382 92 1172 411 949 91 237 61 70 317 1324 1454
348 3604 626 1523 844 117 174 6005 3249 1641 957 1419 54 1894 809 342 98 628 130 98 221 1568 9585 1656 120 1298 566 1042 ... 265 72 101 331 1309 1529
367 4158 751 1558 901 125 167 4453 3575 2133 1042 1841 59 2078 811 318 105 533 ... 104 277 1574 10693 1574 146 1356 581 1322 ... 269 92 96 447 1388 1448
... 4274 799 1573 933 124 232 5488 4017 2092 1116 2059 71 2373 779 460 ... 542 ... 172 328 1672 11214 1604 186 1442 634 1458 ... ... ... 85 535 1413 1364
... 4554 877 1517 995 122 235 7083 4030 1880 1329 2642 72 2421 761 576 ... 581 ... 178 361 1743 11938 1637 220 1594 606 1672 ... ... ... 67 574 1309 1301
... 4369 972 1789 993 133 243 6873 3701 1801 1503 ... ... 2767 763 614 ... 653 ... ... 432 1820 11605 ... 255 1614 539 1468 ... ... ... 73 ... 1235 1118
... 4441 1015 1995 ... ... ... 8846 3843 1954 ... ... ... 3143 910 654 ... ... ... ... ... 1975 13563 ... ... 1742 ... 1463 ... ... ... 85 ... 1326 1002
414900
427000
477500
458700
492100
564600
588600
600800
641700
643700
646400
22755 24690 12731 4562 66274 51605 6514 440 3286 48579 721 28478 12452 5054 27649 13453 18233 7882 53172 6374
25096 26665 14236 4021 70080 53449 7142 451 3492 45916 781 32042 12982 5170 28810 14382 19080 8163 52557 2465
26914 29233 ... ... 14034 4560 74536 58758 8641 455 3850 57662 862 37436 12450 5433 1219 33535 15877 20327 116 9262 60043 -
26326 28911 ... 2286 12479 4331 73796 56574 8153 502 3574 51745 892 37054 11900 6795 1391 30085 12298 20755 117 10518 57761 -
27494 35392 ... 2857 13578 5415 74688 59011 9142 527 4145 53170 975 40486 11915 6701 1807 33465 13383 21898 128 10723 64702 -
31692 33619 ... 2455 15171 7334 83108 75182 9528 586 4799 61173 1027 45648 13133 8161 2016 39760 15336 25041 147 14475 74572 -
33425 33064 ... 3296 16341 7060 82585 79346 9262 653 5562 64913 1052 47477 13951 7964 2129 43985 16669 25339 151 12895 80813 -
29225 36688 663 3964 15212 6632 84164 79281 10068 840 16504 66621 1157 50461 13639 8970 2025 48977 17675 25792 130 23161 99858 -
30865 40449 697 3723 16824 6448 81292 79343 ... 846 15360 60618 1199 52976 13798 8557 1896 53069 19691 26320 227 16188 103152 -
30043 41976 ... 4084 20582 5973 81153 80002 ... 949 16638 56703 1086 52323 14969 8315 1883 53041 20014 26416 ... 19232 99875 -
368800
383100
430500
409900
440800
505100
528500
570300
578800
576800
Latin America Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Aruba Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Grenada Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Netherlands Antilles Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru St. Kitts and Nevis St. Lucia St. Vincent and the Grenadines Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela
Appendix tables
Western Europe Austria Belgium-Luxembourg Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Iceland Ireland Italy Malta Netherlands Norway Portugal Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland TFYR Macedonia Turkey United Kingdom Yugoslavia, former European Union (15)
178
29214 34097 ... 4004 14044 6569 79914 78023 9224 724 6046 I 66409 1089 48907 14427 7922 2042 43828 17505 24481 127 19193 92332 534000
Table A7 (continued)
World exports of commercial services by selected region and economy, 1990-00 (Million dollars) 1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
32 837 2563 2677 3200 610 -
9 400 2806 2354 3687 680 -
19 ... ... ... 1070 3952 200 ... 3213 ... ... 290 ... ... 4773 659 ... ...
73 ... ... 185 1171 4679 326 ... 2768 ... 9 529 198 ... 4201 799 ... 1939 ...
79 12 ... 251 1257 5120 508 ... 3046 ... 33 651 322 33 6655 1023 8425 2221 2747
94 27 166 466 1431 6638 868 ... 5122 535 39 718 482 143 10637 1476 10568 2378 2846
123 75 139 907 1366 8071 1100 ... 5920 674 31 1121 786 103 9786 1552 13283 2060 4799
52 97 332 919 1307 7033 1314 188 5684 842 40 1027 1020 163 8969 1500 14079 2151 4937
83 118 320 919 1766 7366 1476 354 5881 904 58 1103 1096 144 10890 1192 12375 2275 3922
253 129 236 745 1758 6808 1486 217 5607 933 60 1020 1083 130 8430 1340 9072 1886 3869
... ... 234 982 2128 7119 1495 ... 6204 988 ... 1193 1052 ... 9496 ... 9634 2218 3800
18800
18900
21800
21700
22300
25500
27800
27900
27600
30300
30500
703 95 125 168 7 386 30 16 54 479 34 7054 224 312 67 109 84 748 33 67 143 29 63 10 573 1968 165 150 1053 20 336 182 36 3211 135 94 ... 93 1887 35 ... 277
554 89 116 174 7 363 34 17 40 483 38 7076 250 286 65 133 46 761 29 31 153 30 62 15 561 1857 180 212 1163 21 268 201 45 3120 39 87 311 55 1953 94 ... 345
536 150 114 175 6 309 39 ... 49 419 33 7693 266 200 76 136 14 815 30 25 183 22 51 17 629 1877 191 245 371 ... 309 186 86 3556 44 110 411 52 2174 64 ... 353
761 113 159 236 4 242 57 ... 55 426 28 8262 310 191 38 139 17 851 30 24 219 ... 68 19 773 2020 242 301 608 11 364 200 71 4414 82 150 566 64 2401 104 ... 469
718 226 123 145 4 ... 65 ... 68 473 ... 9079 321 205 88 144 63 789 34 20 253 ... 66 23 955 2433 253 325 733 13 315 222 ... 4808 37 98 602 102 2527 145 ... 601
753 182 102 187 3 ... 79 ... 45 443 ... 9096 318 205 97 152 70 716 79 20 243 ... 62 25 889 2203 279 367 786 34 329 231 ... 5150 30 122 470 78 2518 165 ... 663
973 114 127 241 3 ... 74 ... ... 461 ... 7832 345 194 ... 427 66 638 46 37 264 ... ... 24 911 2557 286 315 884 ... ... 266 ... 5098 14 102 534 65 2607 176 ... 646
1073 130 ... 346 2 ... ... ... ... 441 ... 9276 392 249 ... 454 36 710 37 50 ... ... ... ... 1065 2803 ... ... 980 ... ... 298 ... 4905 82 70 624 54 2763 182 ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 313 ... 9687 387 ... ... 490 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2860 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 4930 ... ... 611 ... 2587 ... ... ...
Albania Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Bulgaria Czech Rep. Czech and Slovak Fed. Rep., former Estonia Georgia Hungary Kazakhstan Kyrgyz Rep. Latvia Lithuania Moldova, Rep. of Poland Romania Russian Fed. Slovak Rep. Ukraine Africa Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Congo Côte d'Ivoire Djibouti Egypt Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Kenya Lesotho Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Nigeria Rwanda Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone South Africa Sudan Swaziland Tanzania, United Rep. of Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe
479 65 109 183 7 369 30 17 65 425 ... 4813 261 214 53 79 91 774 34 83 129 37 71 14 478 1871 103 106 965 31 356 162 45 3442 134 102 131 114 1575 ... 94 253
375 117 123 186 8 397 29 16 65 420 ... 6140 234 I 291 66 95 87 739 34 73 125 39 57 19 522 1492 147 123 886 28 296 156 51 3051 37 85 142 87 1308 21 69 259
Appendix tables
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
179
Table A7 (continued)
World exports of commercial services by selected region and economy, 1990-00 (Million dollars) 1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
359 1760 343 4546 1430 1054 ... 3031 740 82
411 1568 484 4647 1333 756 ... 2908 866 89
543 2217 457 5780 1435 1269 13 3466 1085 120
652 2045 1048 5940 1560 1027 13 3283 1383 135
819 2398 410 6549 1543 1189 13 3347 1616 104
683 2715 533 7713 1689 1143 13 3480 1632 141
666 2609 743 7909 1830 1262 18 2772 1540 147
637 2544 1018 8275 1717 1507 18 4257 1344 168
725 2657 902 9096 1810 1496 18 4730 1422 133
749 2898 ... 10805 1689 1298 18 5380 1415 141
830 2930 ... 14260 1623 1793 ... 4798 ... ...
131500
144300
165200
187400
221100
262200
286500
300000
260000
271500
302800
9833 296 ... 5748 377 18128 4609 2488 41384 9155 11 1473 3769 101 48 93 166 2415 1218 198 2897 34 12719 19 425 6937 6292 11 56 182
10644 344 ... 6864 382 20574 4905 2822 43465 9690 19 1769 4285 107 ... 56 201 2509 1266 267 3313 27 13730 24 524 8389 7132 13 60 449
10854 393 50 9108 413 24290 4893 3391 47621 10479 36 2245 4880 153 29 102 210 2580 1294 329 4565 33 16102 29 602 10140 9162 13 65 724
11611 435 59 10992 438 27690 5034 3878 51611 12479 55 2479 6294 158 25 232 284 2804 1330 307 4617 33 18497 36 619 13229 10877 12 64 772
13767 419 45 16354 489 31142 6031 4680 56776 16233 56 2723 9200 195 35 256 527 3599 1444 235 6749 40 22939 42 729 13115 11425 ... 70 1283
15741 469 103 18430 524 34338 6763 5342 63966 22133 68 3154 11438 230 47 350 592 4400 1432 321 9323 53 29724 35 800 14927 14652 ... 75 2147
18106 223 152 20567 566 38295 7179 6462 66382 22648 79 3252 14966 286 43 417 679 4560 1546 432 12929 62 29572 47 741 16154 16704 ... 85 2711
16943 266 118 26165 505 37110 13940 4433 60313 25766 101 2688 11800 351 73 433 298 4252 1428 248 4778 47 23612 51 937 17135 14542 ... 106 2709
17764 ... ... 30146 ... 42067 17569 ... 68303 29184 ... 2589 13579 ... ... 407 ... 4239 ... ... 4133 ... 26634 ... ... 20220 12839 ... ... ...
Middle East Bahrain Cyprus Iran, Islamic Rep. of Israel Jordan Kuwait Oman Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic Yemen Asia Australia Bangladesh Cambodia China Fiji Hong Kong, China India Indonesia Japan Korea, Rep. of Lao People’s Dem. Rep. Macau, China Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal New Zealand Pakistan Papua New Guinea Philippines Samoa Singapore Solomon Islands Sri Lanka Taipei, Chinese Thailand Tonga Vanuatu Viet Nam
18057 266 150 24504 616 38514 8926 6792 68136 25439 78 3163 15569 309 50 508 795 4238 1446 397 15130 I 59 30121 64 850 17021 15619 ... 80 2536
15804 252 99 23879 472 36249 11067 4340 61795 24828 116 2845 11400 329 75 611 433 3684 1299 318 7465 I 58 18829 52 892 16660 13074 ... 108 2609
Appendix tables
Note : Due to frequent revisions to the services data, there are numerous breaks in the continuity of the data series at the country and regional levels. See the Technical Notes.
180
Table A8
World imports of commercial services by selected region and economy, 1990-00
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
World
818300
847900
939900
956100
1040300
1197900
1265000
1306000
1328700
1355200
1436900
North America
125400
129300
130800
140200
151700
162200
173000
190300
205300
213800
240800
Canada United States
27479 97945
29434 99913
30080 100769
31873 108300
32088 119584
32985 129262
35422 137606
37710 152552
37201 168106
38469 175284
41876 198905
34700
37300
42500
48000
52000
54300
56400
64200
67100
63400
71600
103 2876 111 520 237 54 291 6733 1983 1683 540 ... 30 435 755 296 30 363 ... 71 213 667 10063 510 73 666 361 1070 34 78 30 150 460 363 2390
109 3769 123 501 209 59 291 6381 1991 1750 523 ... 28 474 867 308 33 328 ... 73 220 639 10676 535 77 820 385 1156 34 76 31 147 512 388 3272
119 5254 129 475 194 71 290 6609 2419 1959 700 375 30 546 888 349 33 500 131 35 236 674 11642 603 116 886 391 1330 38 82 39 154 545 516 4106
127 6148 137 531 249 82 299 9156 2625 2246 801 355 28 815 1097 370 36 548 141 30 288 785 11771 588 106 942 510 1328 45 84 42 92 455 711 4361
128 6860 198 593 299 86 314 9836 2868 2580 846 497 35 911 1091 409 39 602 157 64 304 923 12391 665 160 1030 569 1484 43 99 50 99 424 821 4525
136 6908 207 605 347 88 321 13161 3524 2820 895 574 37 957 1202 488 37 672 168 236 326 1073 9021 719 207 1049 676 1795 ... 119 53 146 223 814 4654
150 7537 483 669 365 88 337 12200 3786 3323 1019 469 40 1100 1170 481 44 638 ... 241 326 1118 9968 794 239 1001 624 1990 ... 135 53 144 199 795 4625
... 8564 557 790 389 87 401 14447 3917 3595 975 540 46 1160 1427 615 ... 627 ... 321 359 1196 11812 730 229 1244 630 2235 ... ... ... 174 232 840 5353
... 8915 528 939 409 94 423 15743 4077 3352 1099 570 45 1300 1498 723 ... 759 ... 370 395 1258 12621 842 264 1103 549 2301 ... ... ... 174 235 831 4916
... 8358 685 904 429 97 435 13357 3959 3071 1164 ... ... 1224 1264 769 ... 760 ... ... 498 1271 14054 ... 319 1052 461 2144 ... ... ... 136 ... 760 3563
... 8577 654 918 ... ... ... 15869 4336 3233 ... ... ... 1340 1349 894 ... ... ... ... ... 1317 16789 ... ... 1010 ... 2210 ... ... ... 177 ... 855 4317
391800
397000
447200
424400
457000
529100
550800
554300
603400
609900
614600
14104 24298 10106 7432 50455 79214 2756 547 5145 46602 499 28995 12247 3772 15197 16959 11092 2794 44608 15012
15239 26392 10370 7514 52780 84536 2950 595 5630 44236 503 33201 12528 4158 16385 17239 10986 2931 43288 5586
17844 28368 ... ... 10665 7424 54572 97864 3436 582 7050 57962 564 37799 12103 4486 1034 20249 18976 11806 225 3277 49090 -
19081 27457 ... 1148 10402 6469 55737 95710 3187 588 6724 48730 588 37241 11385 5258 1010 17594 13255 11431 230 3591 47336 -
20594 33550 ... 1224 11997 7094 56177 104091 3420 567 8404 48075 668 40316 11905 5255 1150 17906 14594 12645 251 3418 53441 -
27552 32511 ... 1410 13945 9418 64523 125308 4003 630 11252 54613 733 44616 13036 6339 1434 20970 17112 14899 289 4654 59613 -
29195 31419 ... 1717 14642 8612 65617 128061 3830 728 13416 57030 738 45385 13422 6359 1487 23521 18651 15557 300 6032 64804 -
28431 31437 ... 1980 13727 8039 62597 123777 4196 788 15158 I 58944 692 45497 14655 6292 1404 23903 19427 13979 266 8085 70814 -
27271 34095 278 1889 15779 7643 66432 128819 4976 947 29459 62887 767 48152 14125 6725 1520 27038 21620 14952 297 9440 78322 -
29306 36193 334 2098 15169 7815 62685 132762 ... 1029 26577 57204 806 50261 14595 6673 1519 30101 22511 15735 316 8453 82710 -
29102 38258 ... 1827 18348 8201 61520 132336 ... 1174 28692 55748 847 51116 14466 6412 1446 30818 23367 15506 ... 7602 82103 -
349600
363900
415800
394200
424900
491800
510500
512200
559200
565000
571100
Latin America Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Aruba Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Grenada Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Netherlands Antilles Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru St. Kitts and Nevis St. Lucia St. Vincent and the Grenadines Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela Western Europe Austria Belgium-Luxembourg Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Iceland Ireland Italy Malta Netherlands Norway Portugal Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland TFYR Macedonia Turkey United Kingdom Yugoslavia, former European Union (15)
Appendix tables
(Million dollars)
181
Table A8 (continued )
World imports of commercial services by selected region and economy, 1990-00 (Million dollars) 1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
29 600 2419 2264 2847 787 -
33 486 1935 1882 2994 819 -
87 ... ... ... 1165 2365 123 ... 2526 ... ... 120 ... ... 4045 946 ... ...
158 40 ... 125 1229 3701 185 ... 2535 ... 51 179 177 ... 3631 914 ... 1666 ...
128 41 ... 197 1246 4685 331 ... 2875 ... 69 211 266 74 3746 1166 15292 1549 1538
98 52 297 276 1278 4860 420 ... 3542 776 193 225 457 193 7008 1801 20178 1800 1334
134 129 433 330 1246 6198 525 ... 3446 928 247 703 639 156 6314 1924 18637 1997 1625
93 157 714 354 1157 5305 649 249 3404 1124 169 637 850 191 5681 1899 19998 2062 2268
119 190 692 438 1398 5665 814 335 4082 1154 177 717 816 183 6559 1838 16429 2272 2545
152 183 476 431 1470 5750 829 224 4186 1104 156 628 747 155 6936 1759 13434 1812 2292
... ... 475 421 1660 5755 859 ... 4409 1836 ... 709 655 ... 7408 ... 17428 1779 2590
27000
28400
29300
30300
30700
34600
35200
36700
36600
35500
38600
1157 1854 157 355 62 885 22 152 734 1349 104 4646 360 867 51 293 199 486 57 836 197 339 392 160 507 1148 246 494 1739 89 403 74 59 4202 197 202 341 181 970 248 ... 622
940 1402 149 322 54 723 25 131 843 1258 106 5164 288 1004 55 332 249 499 49 817 204 260 327 167 503 1049 271 471 2681 97 353 91 61 4529 100 249 603 111 1195 293 ... 517
838 1425 155 317 59 477 30 114 983 899 84 5382 299 809 49 319 233 601 43 705 249 234 296 162 526 1208 323 455 2981 104 333 82 93 4886 199 190 439 109 1198 436 ... 645
1178 1665 235 440 62 485 55 ... 766 1234 77 4511 342 882 47 332 252 733 58 638 277 ... 412 197 630 1350 350 538 4398 58 405 98 79 5754 150 206 729 148 1245 563 ... 704
1024 1738 189 339 29 ... 62 ... 708 1296 ... 4709 331 908 60 364 321 712 55 879 280 ... 360 207 666 1301 319 569 4541 63 385 102 ... 5505 169 233 883 197 1131 675 ... 801
1000 1911 170 435 37 ... 66 ... 553 1235 ... 5813 377 943 60 395 204 705 58 853 289 ... 324 180 656 1267 329 522 4694 99 389 115 ... 5809 168 236 709 168 1066 669 ... 934
1069 1908 191 517 40 ... 85 ... ... 1341 ... 5886 469 980 ... 548 274 603 50 915 326 ... ... 130 706 1482 396 449 4054 ... ... 138 ... 5403 200 185 885 149 1121 728 ... 754
1017 1962 ... 511 24 ... ... ... ... 1298 ... 5959 463 854 ... 576 236 518 47 887 ... ... ... ... 651 1537 ... ... 3311 ... ... 156 ... 5467 270 170 762 130 1106 745 ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1090 ... 7161 480 ... ... 527 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1763 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 5449 ... ... 665 ... 1058 ... ... ...
C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS Albania Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Bulgaria Czech Rep. Czech and Slovak Fed. Rep., former Estonia Georgia Hungary Kazakhstan Kyrgyz Rep. Latvia Lithuania Moldova, Rep. of Poland Romania Russian Fed. Slovak Rep. Ukraine
Appendix tables
Africa
182
Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Congo Côte d'Ivoire Djibouti Egypt Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Kenya Lesotho Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Nigeria Rwanda Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone South Africa Sudan Swaziland Tanzania, United Rep. of Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe
1155 1288 113 371 59 1018 23 166 748 1518 ... 3327 348 984 35 226 243 598 48 926 172 268 352 126 407 940 206 341 1901 96 368 79 67 4096 202 171 288 217 682 195 370 460
999 1737 169 379 67 1115 17 135 780 1298 ... 2998 272 I 837 55 252 252 542 51 2194 178 356 308 136 436 1014 237 447 2387 77 358 66 63 3659 184 175 300 255 664 242 352 585
Table A8 (continued )
World imports of commercial services by selected region and economy, 1990-00 (Million dollars) 1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
474 663 3703 4825 1118 2805 719 12694 702 639
534 716 5403 5064 963 3075 961 14355 792 691
604 871 5541 5405 1168 3274 932 15177 912 929
582 753 5484 6229 1149 3373 906 13927 1279 1005
622 847 3062 7523 1197 3641 900 8928 1450 664
634 1087 2192 8175 1385 3847 985 8681 1358 604
613 1143 2899 8869 1348 4215 975 12592 1378 517
635 1082 3182 9057 1241 4055 1166 14410 1302 632
652 1111 2392 9383 1588 4243 1316 8659 1299 649
647 1125 ... 10446 1485 3866 1061 9438 1416 672
683 1138 ... 12149 1426 4078 ... 10947 ... ...
178800
190000
215100
233800
270700
328000
352100
358500
319100
338000
365100
13388 554 ... 4113 239 11018 5943 5898 84281 10050 25 238 5394 37 155 72 159 3251 1863 393 1721 21 8575 56 620 13923 6160 20 24 126
13076 555 ... 3937 261 12719 5797 6376 85947 11903 47 275 6455 41 66 54 179 3351 2084 543 1783 31 9053 65 735 16023 7854 20 27 270
13361 644 64 9207 278 14439 6615 7884 92323 13289 69 308 7248 49 62 33 220 3514 2423 686 2305 40 9430 61 800 18589 10254 20 27 412
13031 782 118 11563 296 15594 6356 9595 95488 14725 73 372 9371 56 65 115 246 3455 2377 805 3072 35 11217 79 844 20469 12307 18 30 694
15064 857 132 15781 344 18642 8030 11136 105449 18248 149 392 11918 62 88 118 290 4034 2182 608 4639 28 13800 104 1020 20465 15231 ... 33 1264
16691 1192 181 24635 371 20796 10062 13230 121548 25394 119 418 14821 75 87 230 305 4601 2431 642 6906 34 17642 76 1169 22982 18601 ... 35 1982
18197 1059 209 22369 387 22101 11000 14777 128674 29158 123 444 17406 86 108 289 235 4806 2913 779 9392 33 19635 80 1173 23750 19313 ... 36 2772
18427 1188 182 27724 381 23284 12277 16214 122079 29037 107 545 18115 93 101 429 216 4823 2424 924 14073 I 39 18995 103 1271 24120 17144 ... 35 3134
16880 1164 185 26467 331 23524 14192 11744 110705 24112 92 545 12973 98 142 349 189 4425 1944 794 10087 I 29 17377 54 1328 23246 11874 ... 43 3156
17912 1305 190 30967 364 25414 17185 11316 114173 26773 49 586 14622 107 140 274 202 4492 2060 728 7492 19 18768 86 1378 23328 13464 ... 48 3573
17664 ... ... 35858 ... 26174 19920 ... 115686 33399 ... 608 16577 ... ... 319 ... 4453 ... ... 6066 ... 21251 ... ... 25720 14713 ... ... ...
Middle East Bahrain Cyprus Iran, Islamic Rep. of Israel Jordan Kuwait Oman Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic Yemen Asia Australia Bangladesh Cambodia China Fiji Hong Kong, China India Indonesia Japan Korea, Rep. of Lao People’s Dem. Rep. Macau, China Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal New Zealand Pakistan Papua New Guinea Philippines Samoa Singapore Solomon Islands Sri Lanka Taipei, Chinese Thailand Tonga Vanuatu Viet Nam
Appendix tables
Note: Due to frequent revisions to the services trade data, there are numerous breaks in the continuity of the series at the country and regional levels. See the Technical Notes.
183
Table A9
Network of world merchandise trade by product and region, 1990, 1995 and 2000 (Billion dollars) Destination Origin
World a
North America
Latin America
Western Europe
1990
1995
2000
1990
1995
2000
1990
1995
2000
1990
1995
2000
Agricultural products Food Raw materials
414.19 315.14 99.05
576.71 443.07 133.64
558.28 442.33 115.95
45.95 34.59 11.36
62.36 43.72 18.64
83.56 63.00 20.55
15.89 13.04 2.85
27.71 22.60 5.10
30.97 25.81 5.16
209.01 161.16 47.85
271.86 214.44 57.41
243.82 198.05 45.78
Mining products Ores and other minerals Fuels Non-ferrous metals
482.86 52.74 357.36 72.76
521.33 59.93 355.65 105.75
813.20 62.11 630.91 120.17
89.89 6.79 71.50 11.60
90.47 7.27 65.84 17.36
163.63 8.18 131.97 23.48
17.80 1.50 14.81 1.49
24.31 2.12 19.25 2.95
39.33 2.03 32.91 4.39
205.99 24.10 143.02 38.88
199.35 26.67 123.58 49.10
271.13 24.56 194.58 51.98
2390.00 105.76 295.86 263.74 1212.94 318.94 298.49 595.50 104.27 108.00 299.44 3388.00
3641.83 150.36 465.64 388.80 1903.84 452.18 600.65 851.00 149.73 157.37 426.09 4934.00
4629.96 143.50 573.76 449.07 2565.86 571.32 939.88 1054.66 157.46 198.94 541.37 6186.00
470.46 12.73 30.67 44.31 280.06 104.57 75.81 99.68 9.12 27.83 65.73 619.65
724.64 17.91 53.32 64.50 444.40 141.16 152.13 151.11 13.30 39.89 91.32 898.03
1124.65 23.52 89.08 101.85 678.90 212.03 228.81 238.05 20.61 67.06 143.64 1405.90
90.90 3.66 14.62 8.13 49.88 9.68 9.88 30.32 2.90 2.49 9.21 129.22
180.27 5.54 27.84 17.92 98.96 24.86 22.44 51.65 6.54 6.14 17.33 238.14
266.07 6.54 38.70 25.17 147.68 32.45 44.33 70.90 11.44 10.34 26.20 345.85
1183.08 54.49 161.39 144.94 556.95 157.64 130.16 269.15 53.53 59.40 152.39 1627.67
1555.59 69.37 230.03 191.00 736.95 204.37 205.46 327.12 60.79 74.47 192.98 2114.42
1838.75 62.19 261.69 197.03 962.08 246.39 314.13 401.56 53.01 80.00 222.73 2437.90
Agricultural products Food Raw materials
81.75 53.32 28.42
112.47 73.10 39.37
105.81 71.73 34.08
17.43 9.60 7.83
25.99 13.83 12.17
33.28 19.62 13.67
6.90 5.37 1.53
11.04 8.30 2.74
13.91 10.82 3.09
16.70 10.35 6.35
19.76 12.56 7.20
14.78 8.66 6.12
Mining products Ores and other minerals Fuels Non-ferrous metals
47.43 11.71 24.99 10.73
55.14 11.70 27.72 15.72
76.05 9.95 49.67 16.42
21.03 2.80 12.83 5.40
28.77 3.38 17.01 8.39
50.66 3.18 38.01 9.47
3.67 0.67 2.44 0.56
4.94 0.68 3.15 1.11
8.62 0.67 6.22 1.73
9.47 3.55 4.33 1.59
8.76 3.32 2.94 2.51
7.33 2.87 2.11 2.35
363.80 5.54 46.13 32.00 229.83 60.99 57.28 111.56 5.73 2.89 41.69 521.78
569.91 8.89 72.86 52.14 356.60 96.45 109.54 150.60 8.75 7.67 63.01 777.37
824.94 9.52 96.97 72.01 524.41 128.42 173.90 222.09 13.15 10.71 98.18 1058.10
130.75 3.01 10.70 16.38 87.47 47.33 12.28 27.87 1.65 0.53 11.01 178.50
210.90 4.97 19.21 26.01 136.71 71.02 24.91 40.78 3.23 1.50 19.27 279.21
313.77 6.25 28.28 39.16 200.26 98.15 40.38 61.72 4.85 2.75 32.22 420.56
42.43 0.90 6.46 3.81 24.31 4.70 5.43 14.18 1.16 1.37 4.41 56.03
80.09 1.26 11.77 8.10 44.64 8.53 12.79 23.32 2.08 4.18 8.07 99.98
143.77 1.66 17.60 12.85 84.83 15.93 30.55 38.36 5.22 6.79 14.81 174.06
91.28 0.58 12.45 5.11 57.15 3.82 18.70 34.63 1.43 0.49 14.07 125.27
109.74 0.82 16.79 6.70 67.04 5.73 26.22 35.09 1.54 0.64 16.20 147.73
161.21 0.76 24.94 8.53 100.13 6.84 34.90 58.39 1.47 0.42 24.96 195.32
Agricultural products Food Raw materials
39.64 35.23 4.41
58.54 50.04 8.51
66.00 57.89 8.12
10.37 9.45 0.92
14.60 12.44 2.16
21.68 18.66 3.02
4.46 3.75 0.71
10.20 8.86 1.34
11.58 10.49 1.09
13.28 11.77 1.51
19.28 16.69 2.59
18.29 16.02 2.27
Mining products Ores and other minerals Fuels Non-ferrous metals
48.85 7.55 33.34 7.96
52.58 8.65 32.80 11.13
73.41 10.41 51.35 11.65
23.06 1.30 20.13 1.63
23.30 1.48 19.23 2.59
34.71 1.90 29.32 3.49
6.23 0.61 5.06 0.56
11.41 1.06 8.94 1.41
17.98 0.98 15.29 1.72
10.10 2.66 4.07 3.37
8.90 2.75 2.81 3.34
11.12 3.12 4.11 3.88
55.70 6.18 6.92 7.05 23.87 7.27 5.39 11.20 2.27 3.53 5.89 146.77
112.53 8.80 13.13 13.08 54.93 19.44 12.64 22.85 3.51 8.33 10.75 228.66
217.19 8.54 17.11 19.02 124.02 39.31 38.54 46.18 4.91 22.62 20.97 358.70
33.23 1.44 2.24 3.26 18.11 5.12 4.73 8.25 0.96 2.80 4.43 66.66
69.64 2.83 3.69 5.10 42.11 13.77 11.48 16.86 1.27 7.40 7.23 107.54
163.71 3.88 5.71 10.59 102.45 30.82 33.02 38.61 2.94 21.32 16.82 220.10
9.25 0.91 2.43 1.53 2.70 0.92 0.23 1.54 0.45 0.44 0.79 20.48
25.05 1.90 5.93 4.23 8.70 4.50 0.63 3.57 1.53 0.59 2.16 46.78
31.92 1.81 8.06 5.34 11.37 5.73 1.60 4.05 1.55 1.03 2.75 61.59
7.33 0.94 1.36 1.34 2.29 1.04 0.27 0.97 0.62 0.26 0.52 31.19
9.88 1.44 1.96 2.07 2.69 0.86 0.32 1.51 0.51 0.27 0.94 39.62
13.76 1.51 2.02 1.89 6.78 2.36 1.75 2.67 0.24 0.21 1.11 45.01
World
Manufactures Iron and steel Chemicals Other semi-manufactures Machinery and transport equipment Automotive products Office and telecom equipment Other machinery and transport equipment Textiles Clothing Other consumer goods Total merchandise exports b North America
Manufactures Iron and steel Chemicals Other semi-manufactures Machinery and transport equipment Automotive products Office and telecom equipment Other machinery and transport equipment Textiles Clothing Other consumer goods Total merchandise exports b
Appendix tables
Latin America
184
Manufactures Iron and steel Chemicals Other semi-manufactures Machinery and transport equipment Automotive products Office and telecom equipment Other machinery and transport equipment Textiles Clothing Other consumer goods Total merchandise exports b
Table A9 (continued)
Network of world merchandise trade by product and region, 1990, 1995 and 2000 (Billion dollars) C./E.Europe/BS/CIS c 1990
1995
Africa 2000
1990
1995
Middle East 2000
1990
1995
Asia 2000
1990
1995
Destination 2000
Origin World
21.14 ... ...
24.16 ... ...
24.58 ... ...
15.54 ... ...
20.60 ... ...
18.10 ... ...
15.22 ... ...
19.41 ... ...
19.65 ... ...
89.73 59.96 29.77
147.92 103.33 44.59
134.49 98.43 36.06
Agricultural products Food Raw materials
12.88 ... ... ...
14.95 ... ... ...
34.28 ... ... ...
8.66 ... ... ...
10.01 ... ... ...
16.75 ... ... ...
7.05 ... ... ...
7.98 ... ... ...
13.16 ... ... ...
129.35 15.68 96.32 17.35
162.43 19.73 112.07 30.62
253.34 21.54 198.88 32.92
Mining products Ores and other minerals Fuels Non-ferrous metals
81.84 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 118.93
109.23 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 151.47
164.68 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 228.72
68.67 95.69 112.13 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 94.29 128.32 150.35
416.15 22.55 58.76 41.39 205.61 26.80 66.55 112.27 25.97 11.70 50.17 650.59
872.43 43.11 111.66 77.13 476.48 50.98 196.64 228.86 48.41 25.49 90.15 1211.80
1005.66 33.83 127.19 76.39 581.32 39.08 309.11 233.13 48.33 28.05 110.54 1427.47
3.63 3.48 0.14
1.77 1.69 0.08
1.17 1.08 0.09
2.59 2.09 0.50
3.87 3.46 0.42
3.16 2.91 0.25
2.68 2.44 0.23
3.29 3.00 0.29
3.18 2.89 0.28
31.60 19.77 11.83
46.18 29.71 16.47
36.02 25.45 10.57
0.19 0.04 0.14 0.00
0.26 0.07 0.19 0.00
0.13 0.02 0.09 0.02
0.40 0.23 0.14 0.03
0.43 0.14 0.25 0.04
0.51 0.07 0.24 0.19
0.38 0.09 0.16 0.12
0.54 0.03 0.21 0.30
0.38 0.04 0.16 0.17
12.28 4.33 4.94 3.02
11.44 4.09 3.97 3.39
8.42 3.08 2.84 2.50
1.33 0.03 0.35 0.04 0.72 0.03 0.16 0.53 0.03 0.01 0.15 5.26
3.78 0.03 0.35 0.21 2.57 0.39 0.71 1.46 0.09 0.04 0.50 6.16
4.66 0.05 0.53 0.24 3.17 0.17 0.92 2.08 0.06 0.01 0.59 6.36
5.52 0.14 0.67 0.32 3.92 0.26 0.56 3.10 0.11 0.01 0.36 9.00
6.20 0.16 0.85 0.48 4.05 0.44 0.67 2.94 0.11 0.01 0.55 11.14
7.61 0.06 0.92 0.44 5.50 0.41 0.81 4.28 0.07 0.02 0.59 12.00
8.30 0.15 0.66 0.76 5.68 1.24 0.87 3.57 0.25 0.06 0.72 12.28
12.34 0.14 0.94 1.35 8.37 1.92 1.71 4.75 0.35 0.10 1.09 18.84
15.56 0.07 1.13 2.11 10.53 1.49 2.32 6.72 0.15 0.06 1.50 20.37
83.89 0.74 14.84 5.56 50.27 3.62 19.28 27.37 1.10 0.43 10.97 132.89
146.86 1.51 22.95 9.30 93.21 8.42 42.53 42.26 1.36 1.21 17.33 211.49
178.37 0.68 23.56 8.66 119.99 5.43 64.03 50.53 1.31 0.65 23.51 229.11
5.25 5.11 0.14
1.52 1.51 0.01
1.85 1.81 0.04
1.00 0.94 0.06
1.87 1.78 0.09
1.79 1.73 0.06
1.22 1.16 0.06
1.80 1.71 0.08
1.91 1.85 0.06
4.02 3.02 1.00
9.11 6.90 2.22
8.57 7.09 1.48
Agricultural products Food Raw materials
1.13 0.79 0.32 0.02
0.35 0.25 0.08 0.01
0.43 0.22 0.21 0.00
0.31 0.14 0.16 0.01
0.33 0.15 0.18 0.01
0.36 0.21 0.13 0.02
0.35 0.08 0.23 0.05
0.23 0.14 0.04 0.04
0.48 0.25 0.10 0.13
5.69 1.97 1.40 2.31
7.58 2.80 1.05 3.73
7.15 3.73 1.05 2.38
Mining products Ores and other minerals Fuels Non-ferrous metals
0.28 0.09 0.03 0.09 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.00 6.67
0.16 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.03 2.03
0.44 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.34 0.03 0.21 0.10 0.01 0.00 0.02 2.72
0.76 0.15 0.16 0.21 0.19 0.07 0.01 0.12 0.04 0.00 0.02 2.13
0.78 0.11 0.17 0.20 0.24 0.09 0.01 0.15 0.01 0.01 0.03 2.99
0.90 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.35 0.16 0.01 0.18 0.01 0.00 0.02 3.16
0.69 0.33 0.05 0.17 0.11 0.02 0.00 0.09 0.03 0.00 0.01 2.34
0.58 0.15 0.05 0.19 0.14 0.04 0.00 0.09 0.03 0.01 0.02 2.61
0.40 0.08 0.06 0.07 0.14 0.06 0.01 0.07 0.01 0.01 0.02 2.80
4.12 2.33 0.64 0.46 0.45 0.09 0.15 0.21 0.12 0.01 0.11 13.99
5.99 2.35 0.96 1.25 0.93 0.18 0.21 0.55 0.14 0.03 0.33 22.72
5.66 1.07 0.77 0.90 2.55 0.14 1.94 0.46 0.14 0.03 0.21 21.41
62.63 79.57 82.24 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 88.24 112.45 120.24
Manufactures Iron and steel Chemicals Other semi-manufactures Machinery and transport equipment Automotive products Office and telecom equipment Other machinery and transport equipment Textiles Clothing Other consumer goods Total merchandise exports b North America Agricultural products Food Raw materials Mining products Ores and other minerals Fuels Non-ferrous metals Manufactures Iron and steel Chemicals Other semi-manufactures Machinery and transport equipment Automotive products Office and telecom equipment Other machinery and transport equipment Textiles Clothing Other consumer goods Total merchandise exports b
Manufactures Iron and steel Chemicals Other semi-manufactures Machinery and transport equipment Automotive products Office and telecom equipment Other machinery and transport equipment Textiles Clothing Other consumer goods Total merchandise exports b
Appendix tables
Latin America
185
Table A9 (continued)
Network of world merchandise trade by product and region, 1990, 1995 and 2000 (Billion dollars) Destination Origin
World a
North America
Latin America
Western Europe
1990
1995
2000
1990
1995
2000
1990
1995
2000
1990
1995
2000
Agricultural products Food Raw materials
187.42 153.39 34.04
248.51 208.58 39.93
230.06 196.50 33.56
8.63 7.78 0.85
9.47 8.47 1.00
12.86 11.65 1.22
3.04 2.81 0.22
4.73 4.44 0.29
3.52 3.21 0.31
146.52 118.04 28.47
190.24 157.63 32.61
174.20 148.77 25.43
Mining products Ores and other minerals Fuels Non-ferrous metals
118.13 14.19 70.34 33.59
131.94 17.06 74.09 40.79
172.32 15.84 111.68 44.80
10.22 0.38 7.68 2.16
10.23 0.45 7.41 2.38
21.85 0.72 16.38 4.75
0.56 0.07 0.28 0.22
1.36 0.10 0.89 0.37
1.38 0.14 0.68 0.55
94.47 11.79 55.31 27.37
105.01 13.99 58.59 32.43
130.23 12.22 85.44 32.57
1295.19 64.53 192.61 163.11 609.11 173.49 95.49 340.13 55.45 47.13 163.25 1637.12
1726.19 76.45 272.76 214.71 830.33 234.32 164.35 431.66 65.98 56.34 209.62 2215.47
1959.26 66.22 320.58 218.88 1004.23 271.03 259.89 473.31 59.59 57.22 232.54 2441.31
108.14 4.37 12.47 11.19 57.23 15.51 6.38 35.34 2.48 2.73 17.67 128.41
140.16 5.03 19.46 13.51 75.73 16.68 13.23 45.81 2.98 2.94 20.50 162.11
224.88 5.80 38.76 20.07 119.40 28.03 20.43 70.94 3.81 4.35 32.70 263.34
25.31 1.12 4.95 2.01 14.23 1.91 1.55 10.77 0.37 0.22 2.40 29.35
46.42 1.36 8.13 3.86 27.56 6.66 2.58 18.31 0.70 0.42 4.40 53.60
48.84 1.19 9.21 4.28 27.99 5.57 3.85 18.56 0.80 0.44 4.93 54.85
914.99 48.33 135.29 121.32 413.89 135.73 72.78 205.38 43.31 38.96 113.89 1168.99
1168.77 57.64 189.06 153.15 538.17 177.13 116.80 244.25 46.40 43.80 140.55 1530.71
1289.98 50.09 209.80 147.61 650.00 203.30 176.16 270.54 38.71 43.99 149.78 1653.62
12.62 39.22 50.06 105.42
21.30 47.67 86.24 159.48
24.23 93.03 146.75 270.99
0.35 0.97 1.18 2.55
0.50 2.37 4.51 7.53
0.62 3.40 7.27 11.52
0.35 0.82 1.74 3.15
0.12 2.16 1.22 3.52
0.14 3.79 2.17 6.25
8.06 26.55 21.76 58.20
11.77 28.34 51.07 93.50
9.23 47.23 87.24 146.60
16.27 55.04 20.75 104.08
20.97 47.48 29.89 107.26
18.60 86.45 35.55 144.70
0.86 13.58 1.22 15.80
0.91 11.80 2.37 15.17
0.94 21.69 3.70 26.43
0.06 1.26 0.24 1.56
0.18 1.57 0.57 2.33
0.27 3.61 0.55 4.42
9.95 33.83 12.88 59.87
12.68 23.92 17.23 57.59
10.42 38.42 21.09 71.83
4.53 108.38 19.95 134.10
6.42 104.78 33.10 145.62
6.40 196.05 57.00 262.60
0.13 15.19 3.27 18.83
0.14 9.64 6.30 16.50
0.24 24.65 15.34 41.29
0.04 4.63 0.26 5.00
0.05 2.34 0.47 2.87
0.06 2.02 1.07 3.19
2.10 27.02 6.47 36.14
2.20 19.78 9.35 31.60
2.06 29.67 16.03 47.91
Agricultural products Food Raw materials
71.96 50.43 21.53
108.51 79.01 29.50
107.17 82.60 24.57
8.18 6.64 1.54
10.74 7.73 3.00
13.94 11.58 2.35
1.05 0.78 0.27
1.39 0.85 0.54
1.50 1.11 0.39
12.41 7.87 4.54
15.93 10.83 5.10
14.84 10.70 4.14
Mining products Ores and other minerals Fuels Non-ferrous metals
65.82 10.85 45.61 9.35
81.74 13.21 51.15 17.38
115.90 14.56 79.42 21.92
5.84 1.87 2.98 0.99
4.36 1.48 1.83 1.05
6.67 1.58 3.43 1.67
0.64 0.04 0.55 0.05
0.54 0.04 0.45 0.05
1.93 0.10 1.72 0.11
4.55 2.05 1.63 0.87
4.63 2.10 1.69 0.84
7.15 2.28 3.15 1.72
584.56 20.66 33.74 45.77 319.20 71.45 137.15 110.60 36.81 47.10 81.28 738.92
1083.96 34.23 76.09 80.44 628.77 95.84 308.95 223.98 64.85 70.35 129.23 1300.60
1389.27 35.15 98.82 94.55 832.13 112.67 447.75 271.72 71.45 89.39 167.78 1649.20
192.66 3.66 4.44 11.77 115.92 36.52 52.05 27.34 3.82 21.05 32.00 208.91
290.77 3.30 8.51 16.81 187.26 39.54 101.74 45.99 5.34 26.29 43.26 309.97
395.98 5.25 12.58 24.79 249.70 54.70 131.89 63.11 8.19 35.76 59.70 422.67
11.68 0.46 0.42 0.64 7.40 1.74 2.59 3.06 0.87 0.45 1.44 13.64
26.45 0.59 1.24 1.53 17.35 5.06 6.36 5.94 2.19 0.94 2.61 29.07
37.75 1.01 2.29 2.51 22.51 5.13 8.08 9.30 3.80 2.07 3.56 41.48
128.38 1.01 5.42 8.52 73.08 15.28 37.38 20.41 5.96 14.07 20.32 148.02
189.56 1.33 10.66 13.01 111.90 17.95 59.48 34.46 8.11 17.64 26.91 213.67
249.44 2.36 13.25 15.23 156.26 19.83 88.87 47.56 8.05 20.79 33.50 277.61
Western Europe
Manufactures Iron and steel Chemicals Other semi-manufactures Machinery and transport equipment Automotive products Office and telecom equipment Other machinery and transport equipment Textiles Clothing Other consumer goods Total merchandise exports b C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS c Agricultural products Mining products Manufactures Total merchandise exports b Africa Agricultural products Mining products Manufactures Total merchandise exports b Middle East Agricultural products Mining products Manufactures Total merchandise exports b
Appendix tables
Asia
186
Manufactures Iron and steel Chemicals Other semi-manufactures Machinery and transport equipment Automotive products Office and telecom equipment Other machinery and transport equipment Textiles Clothing Other consumer goods Total merchandise exports b
Table A9 (continued )
Network of world merchandise trade by product and region, 1990, 1995 and 2000 (Billion dollars) C./E.Europe/BS/CIS c 1990
1995
Africa 2000
1990
1995
Middle East 2000
1990
1995
Asia 2000
1990
1995
Destination 2000
Origin Western Europe
5.75 4.69 1.06
13.28 11.93 1.34
10.03 8.40 1.63
7.64 6.57 1.06
8.93 7.62 1.31
7.58 6.60 0.98
5.91 5.39 0.52
6.50 5.96 0.53
6.30 5.79 0.51
8.98 7.50 1.49
14.71 12.07 2.64
14.66 11.34 3.32
2.03 0.56 0.95 0.51
3.11 0.44 1.77 0.90
4.39 0.55 2.10 1.75
1.96 0.24 1.16 0.56
2.26 0.23 1.46 0.57
2.98 0.24 2.21 0.52
1.44 0.13 0.52 0.79
1.95 0.20 0.80 0.96
1.90 0.19 1.11 0.60
3.43 0.92 0.63 1.89
5.44 1.53 0.95 2.96
6.98 1.70 1.50 3.78
53.37 2.28 7.79 4.34 28.83 2.32 3.20 23.31 2.36 1.72 6.05 62.03
79.42 2.16 11.54 9.51 36.44 7.61 5.92 22.91 6.09 3.01 10.67 97.30
111.48 3.02 16.68 13.77 55.11 12.34 13.27 29.50 7.47 3.15 12.28 129.49
43.63 2.36 6.82 4.96 22.90 5.44 2.59 14.86 2.51 0.51 3.57 53.96
48.69 2.14 8.11 5.54 24.43 5.50 3.41 15.52 3.36 0.94 4.17 60.93
47.13 1.43 7.26 4.73 25.19 5.11 5.54 14.53 3.40 1.11 4.03 58.93
36.69 2.30 5.66 6.26 16.45 2.63 1.70 12.12 1.20 0.52 4.31 45.58
48.03 2.32 6.88 8.61 21.70 3.35 2.71 15.64 1.58 1.09 5.85 57.99
50.19 1.60 7.10 9.13 23.79 4.35 4.93 14.52 1.23 1.20 6.14 59.53
105.58 3.72 17.71 12.63 51.05 9.93 6.18 34.94 3.14 2.46 14.87 119.76
186.97 5.57 27.54 19.69 103.11 17.31 19.34 66.47 4.52 4.10 22.45 210.98
172.56 2.98 28.44 18.78 93.83 12.11 31.83 49.88 3.72 2.89 21.91 199.00
Agricultural products Food Raw materials Mining products Ores and other minerals Fuels Non-ferrous metals Manufactures Iron and steel Chemicals Other semi-manufactures Machinery and transport equipment Automotive products Office and telecom equipment Other machinery and transport equipment Textiles Clothing Other consumer goods Total merchandise exports b C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS c
1.78 6.91 15.99 25.10
4.53 9.54 13.91 29.00
8.68 28.58 33.96 72.10
0.35 0.29 1.44 2.10
0.48 0.24 1.57 2.42
0.48 0.31 1.67 2.76
0.20 0.36 1.72 2.75
0.59 0.51 3.04 4.24
0.52 2.41 2.72 6.51
1.53 3.28 6.17 11.46
3.03 3.71 10.07 17.28
3.86 5.82 9.29 20.46
Agricultural products Mining products Manufactures Total merchandise exports b Africa
0.57 0.61 0.99 2.33
0.65 0.76 0.11 1.52
0.78 0.28 0.08 1.16
1.92 1.79 2.40 6.14
2.27 2.82 5.46 10.58
1.80 3.91 5.24 10.97
0.37 0.46 0.72 1.55
0.51 0.48 0.69 1.69
0.61 0.70 0.79 2.13
2.46 3.27 2.18 8.03
3.67 6.01 3.43 14.97
3.38 15.78 3.59 24.76
0.58 1.56 1.24 3.42
0.31 0.55 0.77 1.68
0.33 0.17 0.97 1.56
0.10 3.48 0.52 4.10
0.29 3.64 1.21 5.14
0.17 8.06 2.09 10.34
1.15 3.71 3.58 8.50
2.39 3.91 4.83 11.30
2.32 6.07 7.82 16.56
0.28 48.97 3.91 53.40
0.65 58.60 8.17 67.73
0.83 113.41 10.20 125.71
Agricultural products Mining products Manufactures Total merchandise exports b Middle East Agricultural products Mining products Manufactures Total merchandise exports b
3.58 2.61 0.97
2.11 1.92 0.20
1.75 1.58 0.16
1.94 1.67 0.27
2.88 2.47 0.41
3.12 2.88 0.23
3.69 3.39 0.30
4.34 3.92 0.41
4.81 4.50 0.31
40.86 27.36 13.50
70.57 50.87 19.70
67.17 50.19 16.98
Agricultural products Food Raw materials
0.45 0.16 0.27 0.02
0.38 0.14 0.18 0.07
0.30 0.08 0.17 0.04
0.43 0.05 0.34 0.04
0.27 0.04 0.13 0.10
0.62 0.04 0.44 0.13
0.35 0.03 0.21 0.11
0.38 0.13 0.11 0.14
1.22 0.22 0.67 0.33
52.43 6.65 38.55 7.23
69.63 9.20 45.30 15.13
95.76 10.15 68.05 17.56
Mining products Ores and other minerals Fuels Non-ferrous metals
8.64 0.42 1.02 1.29 3.12 0.22 1.28 1.62 0.91 1.08 0.81 14.13
11.08 0.16 0.46 0.39 5.32 0.98 2.83 1.50 0.75 1.97 2.03 13.77
13.08 0.13 0.79 0.59 5.85 1.66 2.27 1.93 1.01 2.82 1.89 15.33
8.36 0.36 0.44 0.89 4.52 1.81 0.77 1.94 1.06 0.32 0.77 10.83
15.66 0.56 1.14 1.56 8.01 3.42 1.53 3.06 2.12 0.74 1.54 19.24
17.60 0.48 1.55 2.17 8.10 2.87 1.47 3.76 2.68 1.03 1.60 22.09
16.98 1.17 0.59 1.83 7.91 2.94 1.61 3.37 2.39 1.27 1.81 21.30
26.18 0.90 1.11 3.04 11.86 4.37 3.08 4.41 4.20 2.18 2.88 31.66
34.65 1.33 1.89 3.84 16.83 7.00 3.24 6.58 4.79 2.48 3.50 42.45
210.30 13.19 20.92 20.62 101.53 12.72 40.85 47.96 21.32 8.77 23.96 311.06
510.93 27.39 52.26 44.04 275.67 24.37 133.84 117.46 42.05 20.11 49.40 666.63
625.99 24.01 65.64 45.39 359.67 20.94 209.62 129.12 42.84 24.42 64.01 807.02
Manufactures Iron and steel Chemicals Other semi-manufactures Machinery and transport equipment Automotive products Office and telecom equipment Other machinery and transport equipment Textiles Clothing Other consumer goods Total merchandise exports b
Appendix tables
Asia
a Includes unspecified destinations. b Includes unspecified products. c Excludes the intra-trade of the Baltic States and the CIS in 1990 and 1995. Note : For sources and methods, see the Technical Notes.
187
Table A10
Network of world merchandise trade by product and region, 1998-00 (Billion dollars) Destination Origin
World a
North America
Latin America
Western Europe
1998
1999
2000
1998
1999
2000
1998
1999
2000
1998
1999
2000
Agricultural products Food Raw materials
562.27 454.22 108.04
545.64 440.20 105.44
558.28 442.33 115.95
72.79 54.58 18.21
76.83 57.34 19.50
83.56 63.00 20.55
33.60 28.27 5.33
28.76 24.29 4.48
30.97 25.81 5.16
263.46 215.73 47.73
252.31 209.64 42.67
243.82 198.05 45.78
Mining products Ores and other minerals Fuels Non-ferrous metals
499.68 57.82 341.40 100.47
572.80 55.06 416.74 101.01
813.20 62.11 630.91 120.17
89.52 7.64 63.48 18.39
108.08 7.31 81.01 19.76
163.63 8.18 131.97 23.48
23.59 2.04 17.59 3.96
27.35 1.80 21.86 3.69
39.33 2.03 32.91 4.39
188.25 25.94 114.81 47.50
201.83 23.60 133.38 44.84
271.13 24.56 194.58 51.98
4055.73 142.39 508.47 403.72 2189.12 521.87 699.27 967.98 151.31 186.02 474.68 5297.00
4217.26 125.48 530.17 417.32 2310.38 548.48 780.44 981.45 147.75 186.11 500.06 5510.00
4629.96 143.50 573.76 449.07 2565.86 571.32 939.88 1054.66 157.46 198.94 541.37 6186.00
894.40 991.95 23.80 19.67 68.99 79.31 80.19 89.93 534.61 600.82 168.00 199.83 170.37 190.97 196.24 210.02 17.35 18.29 55.65 57.49 113.83 126.43 1083.47 1206.05
1124.65 23.52 89.08 101.85 678.90 212.03 228.81 238.05 20.61 67.06 143.64 1405.90
243.31 7.62 34.74 22.49 136.50 33.97 32.91 69.62 9.03 9.64 23.29 310.13
228.86 5.57 33.72 21.57 126.83 26.06 35.76 65.01 9.33 9.34 22.50 294.44
266.07 6.54 38.70 25.17 147.68 32.45 44.33 70.90 11.44 10.34 26.20 345.85
1768.81 65.54 255.41 194.08 893.65 247.17 261.46 385.03 61.82 83.13 215.18 2297.11
1796.68 56.35 256.52 193.59 929.53 253.22 280.20 396.10 55.83 82.17 222.70 2326.55
1838.75 62.19 261.69 197.03 962.08 246.39 314.13 401.56 53.01 80.00 222.73 2437.90
101.48 71.53 29.95
99.78 69.48 30.29
105.81 71.73 34.08
29.93 17.69 12.24
32.07 18.58 13.50
33.28 19.62 13.67
14.50 11.34 3.17
13.09 10.55 2.54
13.91 10.82 3.09
16.64 11.30 5.34
14.17 9.30 4.87
14.78 8.66 6.12
52.11 9.18 27.80 15.14
53.39 8.65 30.48 14.26
76.05 9.95 49.67 16.42
29.82 3.12 18.51 8.19
30.59 3.01 19.14 8.44
50.66 3.18 38.01 9.47
5.92 0.69 3.48 1.76
5.85 0.60 3.63 1.62
8.62 0.67 6.22 1.73
7.95 2.88 2.26 2.81
8.77 2.64 4.19 1.94
7.33 2.87 2.11 2.35
699.50 9.18 81.61 60.80 446.30 109.97 127.10 209.23 11.15 10.52 79.95 896.77
741.48 8.42 85.67 64.92 475.58 124.65 141.06 209.86 11.65 10.25 85.00 940.89
824.94 9.52 96.97 72.01 524.41 128.42 173.90 222.09 13.15 10.71 98.18 1058.10
259.94 5.81 23.62 32.18 165.50 82.32 28.71 54.47 4.47 2.40 25.95 337.02
290.76 5.59 25.57 35.79 187.59 98.90 31.21 57.48 4.65 2.58 28.99 372.92
313.77 6.25 28.28 39.16 200.26 98.15 40.38 61.72 4.85 2.75 32.22 420.56
119.32 1.70 15.29 10.41 69.88 12.68 21.68 35.52 3.27 6.73 12.04 146.26
120.92 1.45 14.92 10.81 70.85 11.88 24.22 34.75 4.05 6.48 12.36 146.83
143.77 1.66 17.60 12.85 84.83 15.93 30.55 38.36 5.22 6.79 14.81 174.06
141.00 0.61 21.15 7.96 88.21 7.35 28.41 52.45 1.71 0.57 20.79 176.07
148.39 0.55 21.91 8.12 94.18 7.44 30.14 56.59 1.40 0.46 21.77 182.29
161.21 0.76 24.94 8.53 100.13 6.84 34.90 58.39 1.47 0.42 24.96 195.32
Agricultural products Food Raw materials
65.95 59.28 6.67
61.03 54.16 6.87
66.00 57.89 8.12
17.44 15.20 2.24
17.86 15.40 2.46
21.68 18.66 3.02
12.96 11.87 1.09
10.38 9.41 0.97
11.58 10.49 1.09
19.93 18.05 1.88
18.60 16.77 1.83
18.29 16.02 2.27
Mining products Ores and other minerals Fuels Non-ferrous metals
47.69 9.15 29.16 9.38
57.49 8.94 39.06 9.48
73.41 10.41 51.35 11.65
21.55 1.58 17.66 2.31
28.18 1.53 23.80 2.84
34.71 1.90 29.32 3.49
10.29 0.90 7.87 1.51
12.89 0.85 10.71 1.33
17.98 0.98 15.29 1.72
8.90 3.12 2.37 3.41
8.87 2.89 2.77 3.22
11.12 3.12 4.11 3.88
164.93 8.37 14.63 15.42 89.04 31.21 24.02 33.81 4.22 16.83 16.41 280.20
178.46 7.05 14.42 15.93 100.86 32.39 30.57 37.90 4.23 18.48 17.49 298.70
217.19 8.54 17.11 19.02 124.02 39.31 38.54 46.18 4.91 22.62 20.97 358.70
113.71 3.44 4.12 7.36 68.51 20.65 21.15 26.70 2.11 15.75 12.42 152.71
133.10 3.12 4.65 8.63 83.13 24.84 26.72 31.56 2.41 17.38 13.79 179.14
163.71 3.88 5.71 10.59 102.45 30.82 33.02 38.61 2.94 21.32 16.82 220.10
33.69 2.45 7.26 5.10 13.76 8.05 0.96 4.75 1.65 0.78 2.68 57.06
26.80 1.50 6.81 4.54 9.37 4.57 1.11 3.69 1.37 0.84 2.36 50.17
31.92 1.81 8.06 5.34 11.37 5.73 1.60 4.05 1.55 1.03 2.75 61.59
10.66 1.23 1.95 1.80 4.22 1.82 0.69 1.71 0.29 0.24 0.93 40.95
12.05 1.17 1.82 1.65 5.89 2.66 1.21 2.02 0.25 0.20 1.07 41.03
13.76 1.51 2.02 1.89 6.78 2.36 1.75 2.67 0.24 0.21 1.11 45.01
World
Manufactures Iron and steel Chemicals Other semi-manufactures Machinery and transport equipment Automotive products Office and telecom equipment Other machinery and transport equipment Textiles Clothing Other consumer goods Total merchandise exports b North America Agricultural products Food Raw materials Mining products Ores and other minerals Fuels Non-ferrous metals Manufactures Iron and steel Chemicals Other semi-manufactures Machinery and transport equipment Automotive products Office and telecom equipment Other machinery and transport equipment Textiles Clothing Other consumer goods Total merchandise exports b
Appendix tables
Latin America
188
Manufactures Iron and steel Chemicals Other semi-manufactures Machinery and transport equipment Automotive products Office and telecom equipment Other machinery and transport equipment Textiles Clothing Other consumer goods Total merchandise exports b
Table A10 (continued )
Network of world merchandise trade by product and region, 1998-00 (Billion dollars) C./E.Europe/BS/CIS 1998
1999
Africa 2000
1998
1999
Middle East 2000
1998
1999
Asia 2000
1998
1999
Destination 2000
Origin World
30.68 ... ...
23.51 ... ...
24.58 ... ...
20.75 ... ...
18.32 ... ...
18.10 ... ...
19.32 ... ...
19.59 ... ...
19.65 ... ...
118.06 89.64 28.42
122.22 91.39 30.83
134.49 98.43 36.06
Agricultural products Food Raw materials
27.91 ... ... ...
24.94 ... ... ...
34.28 ... ... ...
9.55 ... ... ...
11.19 ... ... ...
16.75 ... ... ...
7.19 ... ... ...
7.68 ... ... ...
13.16 ... ... ...
142.48 16.33 101.84 24.31
172.67 17.23 128.98 26.46
253.34 21.54 198.88 32.92
Mining products Ores and other minerals Fuels Non-ferrous metals
164.18 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 228.38
144.71 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 198.13
164.68 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 228.72
113.84 105.68 112.13 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 147.93 138.13 150.35
755.57 27.11 95.73 60.73 426.23 30.52 201.59 194.12 39.32 23.30 83.16 1046.60
830.68 28.95 108.88 66.66 467.90 32.67 239.55 195.68 41.54 24.33 92.42 1155.60
1005.66 33.83 127.19 76.39 581.32 39.08 309.11 233.13 48.33 28.05 110.54 1427.47
1.94 1.87 0.07
1.30 1.23 0.07
1.17 1.08 0.09
3.39 3.11 0.28
3.09 2.82 0.26
3.16 2.91 0.25
2.69 2.45 0.23
2.86 2.63 0.24
3.18 2.89 0.28
32.06 23.44 8.62
32.82 24.00 8.82
36.02 25.45 10.57
0.20 0.05 0.13 0.02
0.08 0.01 0.05 0.02
0.13 0.02 0.09 0.02
0.44 0.11 0.25 0.08
0.39 0.09 0.20 0.10
0.51 0.07 0.24 0.19
0.38 0.04 0.16 0.17
0.38 0.04 0.16 0.18
0.38 0.04 0.16 0.17
7.39 2.29 3.00 2.11
7.33 2.26 3.09 1.97
8.42 3.08 2.84 2.50
5.59 0.02 0.47 0.23 4.08 0.32 0.98 2.78 0.10 0.03 0.66 8.07
4.40 0.02 0.33 0.26 3.15 0.23 0.84 2.07 0.07 0.02 0.54 6.13
4.66 0.05 0.53 0.24 3.17 0.17 0.92 2.08 0.06 0.01 0.59 6.36
8.05 0.25 0.91 0.44 5.71 0.55 0.77 4.39 0.08 0.02 0.64 12.60
6.94 0.19 0.81 0.42 4.83 0.41 0.80 3.62 0.07 0.02 0.60 11.10
7.61 0.06 0.92 0.44 5.50 0.41 0.81 4.28 0.07 0.02 0.59 12.00
19.94 0.16 0.99 1.77 15.22 1.84 1.95 11.43 0.28 0.10 1.42 24.72
17.51 0.07 1.07 1.78 12.87 1.20 2.12 9.55 0.21 0.07 1.43 22.38
15.56 0.07 1.13 2.11 10.53 1.49 2.32 6.72 0.15 0.06 1.50 20.37
145.59 0.62 19.18 7.80 97.62 4.92 44.60 48.09 1.24 0.67 18.45 191.61
152.56 0.54 21.05 7.74 102.11 4.59 51.73 45.79 1.20 0.63 19.30 198.86
178.37 0.68 23.56 8.66 119.99 5.43 64.03 50.53 1.31 0.65 23.51 229.11
2.13 2.10 0.04
1.98 1.95 0.03
1.85 1.81 0.04
2.18 2.12 0.07
1.76 1.70 0.05
1.79 1.73 0.06
2.41 2.34 0.07
2.05 2.00 0.06
1.91 1.85 0.06
8.53 7.25 1.27
8.11 6.72 1.39
8.57 7.09 1.48
Agricultural products Food Raw materials
0.37 0.22 0.15 0.00
0.37 0.18 0.19 0.00
0.43 0.22 0.21 0.00
0.48 0.23 0.24 0.02
0.37 0.23 0.12 0.02
0.36 0.21 0.13 0.02
0.30 0.18 0.10 0.02
0.33 0.17 0.11 0.04
0.48 0.25 0.10 0.13
5.21 2.71 0.40 2.09
5.63 3.08 0.53 2.02
7.15 3.73 1.05 2.38
Mining products Ores and other minerals Fuels Non-ferrous metals
0.40 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.26 0.11 0.13 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.04 2.90
0.36 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.28 0.03 0.19 0.06 0.01 0.00 0.02 2.71
0.44 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.34 0.03 0.21 0.10 0.01 0.00 0.02 2.72
0.80 0.11 0.13 0.18 0.34 0.15 0.01 0.18 0.01 0.00 0.03 3.49
0.73 0.15 0.14 0.16 0.26 0.11 0.01 0.14 0.01 0.00 0.02 2.94
0.90 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.35 0.16 0.01 0.18 0.01 0.00 0.02 3.16
0.60 0.16 0.05 0.10 0.21 0.13 0.01 0.07 0.03 0.02 0.04 3.31
0.37 0.07 0.05 0.08 0.12 0.07 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.02 2.75
0.40 0.08 0.06 0.07 0.14 0.06 0.01 0.07 0.01 0.01 0.02 2.80
4.33 0.94 0.79 0.75 1.49 0.10 1.07 0.32 0.10 0.01 0.24 18.09
4.72 1.04 0.68 0.82 1.78 0.10 1.33 0.36 0.15 0.04 0.20 18.49
5.66 1.07 0.77 0.90 2.55 0.14 1.94 0.46 0.14 0.03 0.21 21.41
85.51 81.20 82.24 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 119.65 114.20 120.24
Manufactures Iron and steel Chemicals Other semi-manufactures Machinery and transport equipment Automotive products Office and telecom equipment Other machinery and transport equipment Textiles Clothing Other consumer goods Total merchandise exports b North America Agricultural products Food Raw materials Mining products Ores and other minerals Fuels Non-ferrous metals Manufactures Iron and steel Chemicals Other semi-manufactures Machinery and transport equipment Automotive products Office and telecom equipment Other machinery and transport equipment Textiles Clothing Other consumer goods Total merchandise exports b
Manufactures Iron and steel Chemicals Other semi-manufactures Machinery and transport equipment Automotive products Office and telecom equipment Other machinery and transport equipment Textiles Clothing Other consumer goods Total merchandise exports b
Appendix tables
Latin America
189
Table A10 (continued )
Network of world merchandise trade by product and region, 1998-00 (Billion dollars) Destination Origin
World a
North America
Latin America
Western Europe
1998
1999
2000
1998
1999
2000
1998
1999
2000
1998
1999
2000
Agricultural products Food Raw materials
242.97 208.06 34.91
236.71 204.51 32.20
230.06 196.50 33.56
11.23 10.20 1.03
12.45 11.35 1.09
12.86 11.65 1.22
3.99 3.70 0.30
3.41 3.13 0.28
3.52 3.21 0.31
185.94 157.97 27.98
181.81 156.89 24.91
174.20 148.77 25.43
Mining products Ores and other minerals Fuels Non-ferrous metals
123.33 14.84 69.23 39.25
132.67 14.64 79.67 38.36
172.32 15.84 111.68 44.80
9.19 0.54 5.67 2.98
13.16 0.66 9.29 3.20
21.85 0.72 16.38 4.75
1.38 0.11 0.80 0.47
1.24 0.10 0.71 0.44
1.38 0.14 0.68 0.55
97.26 12.13 54.76 30.37
102.36 11.48 61.71 29.17
130.23 12.22 85.44 32.57
1908.88 70.68 305.76 215.65 960.66 268.26 216.04 476.36 68.04 62.26 225.82 2363.55
1917.83 61.82 314.18 216.39 971.50 269.31 231.27 470.91 62.45 59.86 231.63 2369.83
1959.26 66.22 320.58 218.88 1004.23 271.03 259.89 473.31 59.59 57.22 232.54 2441.31
184.54 5.07 28.15 16.53 102.06 24.25 15.04 62.77 3.32 3.77 25.63 208.51
203.49 4.49 34.92 18.11 109.19 26.60 17.07 65.52 3.52 3.92 29.35 232.35
224.88 5.80 38.76 20.07 119.40 28.03 20.43 70.94 3.81 4.35 32.70 263.34
52.97 1.53 9.34 4.64 30.69 6.64 3.67 20.39 0.89 0.49 5.37 60.64
46.81 1.12 8.92 3.98 26.85 5.06 3.51 18.29 0.73 0.43 4.77 53.25
48.84 1.19 9.21 4.28 27.99 5.57 3.85 18.56 0.80 0.44 4.93 54.85
1296.69 53.69 210.10 151.84 634.20 206.15 155.27 272.78 47.01 48.04 151.81 1629.81
1303.20 47.53 210.44 150.35 649.97 208.35 165.39 276.23 42.26 46.94 155.71 1639.44
1289.98 50.09 209.80 147.61 650.00 203.30 176.16 270.54 38.71 43.99 149.78 1653.62
24.18 59.38 128.93 216.48
22.09 61.48 125.13 214.85
24.23 93.03 146.75 270.99
0.65 2.62 6.52 9.90
0.72 3.46 6.21 10.65
0.62 3.40 7.27 11.52
0.15 1.35 1.80 3.48
0.13 2.25 1.73 4.45
0.14 3.79 2.17 6.25
9.66 28.67 73.82 113.96
8.93 30.74 75.89 118.50
9.23 47.23 87.24 146.60
23.63 45.26 31.12 104.30
22.38 55.91 31.51 114.30
18.60 86.45 35.55 144.70
1.21 11.54 2.98 15.77
1.08 12.62 2.99 16.76
0.94 21.69 3.70 26.43
0.36 1.87 0.53 2.76
0.37 2.51 0.42 3.30
0.27 3.61 0.55 4.42
12.81 21.74 18.39 55.25
11.82 24.83 18.88 57.69
10.42 38.42 21.09 71.83
6.35 92.13 39.84 140.10
6.94 124.05 46.00 179.50
6.40 196.05 57.00 262.60
0.22 9.29 9.46 19.59
0.25 14.49 10.92 26.64
0.24 24.65 15.34 41.29
0.06 1.34 0.96 2.37
0.08 1.26 0.92 2.28
0.06 2.02 1.07 3.19
2.11 17.21 12.41 31.94
2.01 20.22 12.97 35.36
2.06 29.67 16.03 47.91
Agricultural products Food Raw materials
97.72 76.49 21.24
96.72 75.74 20.99
107.17 82.60 24.57
12.10 9.66 2.44
12.39 10.28 2.11
13.94 11.58 2.35
1.58 1.17 0.41
1.31 0.96 0.35
1.50 1.11 0.39
16.37 12.06 4.31
14.97 11.28 3.69
14.84 10.70 4.14
Mining products Ores and other minerals Fuels Non-ferrous metals
79.78 12.98 49.67 17.13
87.80 12.36 57.09 18.35
115.90 14.56 79.42 21.92
5.51 1.59 2.37 1.55
5.59 1.34 2.73 1.51
6.67 1.58 3.43 1.67
1.44 0.10 1.26 0.08
1.34 0.08 1.16 0.10
1.93 0.10 1.72 0.11
6.51 2.62 2.62 1.27
6.03 2.35 2.43 1.25
7.15 2.28 3.15 1.72
1082.51 32.72 75.61 76.34 627.01 96.04 319.36 211.61 60.08 78.00 132.75 1295.27
1176.85 29.40 84.62 82.80 693.62 104.67 362.66 226.30 61.95 78.98 145.47 1392.03
1389.27 35.15 98.82 94.55 832.13 112.67 447.75 271.72 71.45 89.39 167.78 1649.20
317.25 6.61 10.48 19.43 194.32 40.51 104.07 49.74 6.84 31.49 48.08 339.98
344.49 4.60 11.44 21.67 216.14 49.22 114.05 52.87 7.10 31.14 52.39 367.60
395.98 5.25 12.58 24.79 249.70 54.70 131.89 63.11 8.19 35.76 59.70 422.67
34.05 1.09 1.85 2.14 21.14 6.43 6.37 8.35 3.15 1.61 3.07 37.57
31.25 0.85 1.94 2.05 18.86 4.48 6.67 7.71 3.11 1.58 2.85 34.17
37.75 1.01 2.29 2.51 22.51 5.13 8.08 9.30 3.80 2.07 3.56 41.48
215.84 3.13 12.02 14.11 128.80 21.53 69.03 38.24 8.49 19.41 29.88 249.14
225.30 1.79 12.93 14.23 137.24 22.19 74.42 40.63 7.81 19.83 31.47 252.25
249.44 2.36 13.25 15.23 156.26 19.83 88.87 47.56 8.05 20.79 33.50 277.61
Western Europe
Manufactures Iron and steel Chemicals Other semi-manufactures Machinery and transport equipment Automotive products Office and telecom equipment Other machinery and transport equipment Textiles Clothing Other consumer goods Total merchandise exports b C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS Agricultural products Mining products Manufactures Total merchandise exports b Africa Agricultural products Mining products Manufactures Total merchandise exports b Middle East Agricultural products Mining products Manufactures Total merchandise exports b
Appendix tables
Asia
190
Manufactures Iron and steel Chemicals Other semi-manufactures Machinery and transport equipment Automotive products Office and telecom equipment Other machinery and transport equipment Textiles Clothing Other consumer goods Total merchandise exports b
Table A10 (continued )
Network of world merchandise trade by product and region, 1998-00 (Billion dollars) C./E.Europe/BS/CIS
Africa
Middle East
Asia
Destination
1998
1999
2000
1998
1999
2000
1998
1999
2000
1998
1999
2000
13.37 11.89 1.47
10.01 8.61 1.40
10.03 8.40 1.63
8.61 7.40 1.21
7.41 6.41 1.00
7.58 6.60 0.98
6.16 5.67 0.49
6.36 5.89 0.47
6.30 5.79 0.51
12.63 10.41 2.23
14.32 11.46 2.86
14.66 11.34 3.32
3.81 0.52 1.90 1.39
3.74 0.49 1.84 1.40
4.39 0.55 2.10 1.75
2.29 0.26 1.46 0.57
2.03 0.23 1.35 0.46
2.98 0.24 2.21 0.52
1.56 0.20 0.57 0.79
1.53 0.18 0.74 0.61
1.90 0.19 1.11 0.60
4.35 1.02 0.75 2.57
5.85 1.43 1.54 2.88
6.98 1.70 1.50 3.78
111.06 3.01 15.96 13.62 53.65 11.64 10.12 31.89 7.58 3.97 13.28 132.94
100.57 2.84 14.93 12.59 48.40 10.33 10.47 27.60 7.10 3.21 11.49 118.05
111.48 3.02 16.68 13.77 55.11 12.34 13.27 29.50 7.47 3.15 12.28 129.49
51.07 2.13 8.04 5.16 26.28 4.91 5.21 16.16 3.71 1.48 4.28 63.65
48.22 1.45 7.57 4.90 25.14 4.93 5.03 15.17 3.61 1.33 4.22 59.20
47.13 1.43 7.26 4.73 25.19 5.11 5.54 14.53 3.40 1.11 4.03 58.93
50.85 2.15 7.38 8.04 24.08 3.92 3.68 16.48 1.50 1.36 6.34 61.38
48.01 1.57 7.07 8.71 22.40 3.39 4.12 14.89 1.28 1.18 5.79 56.98
50.19 1.60 7.10 9.13 23.79 4.35 4.93 14.52 1.23 1.20 6.14 59.53
149.36 2.95 23.42 15.26 82.68 10.56 22.32 49.80 3.36 3.09 18.61 172.52
152.98 2.69 26.84 17.15 80.22 10.44 24.34 45.44 3.37 2.81 19.91 178.38
172.56 2.98 28.44 18.78 93.83 12.11 31.83 49.88 3.72 2.89 21.91 199.00
Origin Western Europe Agricultural products Food Raw materials Mining products Ores and other minerals Fuels Non-ferrous metals Manufactures Iron and steel Chemicals Other semi-manufactures Machinery and transport equipment Automotive products Office and telecom equipment Other machinery and transport equipment Textiles Clothing Other consumer goods Total merchandise exports b C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS
9.60 22.55 34.14 66.64
7.39 19.98 27.51 55.52
8.68 28.58 33.96 72.10
0.42 0.16 1.72 2.63
0.42 0.19 1.64 2.73
0.48 0.31 1.67 2.76
0.55 0.60 2.80 4.56
0.56 0.45 2.16 3.94
0.52 2.41 2.72 6.51
2.75 2.57 6.82 12.54
3.43 3.46 8.34 15.81
3.86 5.82 9.29 20.46
1.17 0.29 0.09 1.56
0.92 0.32 0.09 1.35
0.78 0.28 0.08 1.16
2.57 1.78 5.12 9.50
2.39 2.60 4.83 9.83
1.80 3.91 5.24 10.97
0.77 0.43 0.70 1.97
0.76 0.54 0.71 2.04
0.61 0.70 0.79 2.13
3.68 6.22 2.89 14.58
3.83 10.44 3.03 19.47
3.38 15.78 3.59 24.76
0.39 0.34 1.11 1.88
0.34 0.19 0.99 1.57
0.33 0.17 0.97 1.56
0.40 3.87 1.93 6.21
0.22 5.08 1.82 7.13
0.17 8.06 2.09 10.34
2.37 3.29 6.00 11.90
2.72 3.50 6.30 12.74
2.32 6.07 7.82 16.56
0.52 52.77 6.23 60.12
0.69 68.07 7.91 77.54
0.83 113.41 10.20 125.71
Agricultural products Mining products Manufactures Total merchandise exports b Africa Agricultural products Mining products Manufactures Total merchandise exports b Middle East Agricultural products Mining products Manufactures Total merchandise exports b
2.08 1.89 0.19
1.58 1.40 0.17
1.75 1.58 0.16
3.18 2.91 0.27
3.04 2.81 0.23
3.12 2.88 0.23
4.38 4.08 0.30
4.28 3.99 0.29
4.81 4.50 0.31
57.88 44.59 13.29
59.02 44.88 14.14
67.17 50.19 16.98
Agricultural products Food Raw materials
0.36 0.12 0.22 0.02
0.26 0.06 0.17 0.02
0.30 0.08 0.17 0.04
0.53 0.04 0.37 0.12
0.54 0.04 0.37 0.12
0.62 0.04 0.44 0.13
0.63 0.11 0.32 0.20
0.95 0.20 0.47 0.29
1.22 0.22 0.67 0.33
63.97 8.33 42.04 13.61
71.89 8.22 48.87 14.79
95.76 10.15 68.05 17.56
Mining products Ores and other minerals Fuels Non-ferrous metals
11.78 0.13 0.60 0.48 5.88 2.24 1.99 1.65 0.94 2.29 1.45 14.39
10.80 0.15 0.70 0.52 5.04 1.82 1.75 1.47 0.84 2.16 1.39 12.80
13.08 0.13 0.79 0.59 5.85 1.66 2.27 1.93 1.01 2.82 1.89 15.33
16.80 0.83 1.45 1.85 8.21 3.13 1.51 3.57 2.26 0.79 1.41 21.58
17.01 0.49 1.52 2.15 8.07 2.98 1.50 3.59 2.42 0.87 1.50 21.28
17.60 0.48 1.55 2.17 8.10 2.87 1.47 3.76 2.68 1.03 1.60 22.09
32.96 1.45 1.52 3.30 17.76 7.28 3.08 7.41 3.98 1.82 3.11 40.08
30.63 1.25 1.66 3.36 15.20 6.35 2.70 6.15 4.04 2.05 3.08 37.30
34.65 1.33 1.89 3.84 16.83 7.00 3.24 6.58 4.79 2.48 3.50 42.45
440.36 19.22 46.56 34.73 240.92 14.67 132.50 93.75 34.37 19.48 45.08 577.14
501.12 20.02 53.57 38.55 279.47 17.21 160.62 101.63 36.54 20.80 52.17 647.05
625.99 24.01 65.64 45.39 359.67 20.94 209.62 129.12 42.84 24.42 64.01 807.02
Manufactures Iron and steel Chemicals Other semi-manufactures Machinery and transport equipment Automotive products Office and telecom equipment Other machinery and transport equipment Textiles Clothing Other consumer goods Total merchandise exports b
Appendix tables
Asia
a Includes unspecified destinations. b Includes unspecified products. Note : For sources and methods, see the Technical Notes.
191
Table A11
Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - Canada (Billion dollars) C./E. Europe/
Agricultural products
Appendix tables
Latin America
Western Europe
exp
exp
exp
imp
imp
imp
Baltic States/CIS exp
imp
Africa
Middle East
exp
imp
exp
imp
Asia exp
imp
1998 1999 2000
19.49 21.16 21.85
8.86 9.06 9.94
1.38 1.18 1.30
1.52 1.50 1.57
3.01 2.83 3.29
1.62 1.73 1.74
0.13 0.08 0.07
0.15 0.16 0.15
0.95 0.59 0.64
0.26 0.24 0.21
0.29 0.49 0.61
0.03 0.03 0.04
5.97 6.26 7.02
1.54 1.52 1.58
Food
1998 1999 2000
9.72 10.27 11.06
6.63 6.81 7.33
1.30 1.11 1.21
1.41 1.37 1.42
1.29 1.15 1.02
1.46 1.55 1.55
0.11 0.06 0.06
0.14 0.15 0.14
0.89 0.53 0.59
0.23 0.22 0.19
0.24 0.44 0.56
0.03 0.03 0.04
3.28 3.00 3.13
1.28 1.29 1.34
Raw materials
1998 1999 2000
9.77 10.89 10.79
2.23 2.24 2.61
0.08 0.07 0.09
0.11 0.13 0.14
1.73 1.69 2.27
0.17 0.18 0.18
0.02 0.01 0.02
0.00 0.01 0.01
0.05 0.06 0.05
0.02 0.03 0.02
0.05 0.05 0.05
0.00 0.00 0.00
2.69 3.26 3.90
0.27 0.23 0.24
Mining products
1998 1999 2000
23.52 24.16 43.57
6.10 5.12 6.64
0.33 0.25 0.25
1.35 1.53 2.02
2.58 4.37 2.30
2.64 3.81 6.44
0.01 0.02 0.02
0.17 0.23 0.28
0.08 0.07 0.05
0.83 0.81 1.31
0.04 0.03 0.02
0.38 0.41 1.08
2.50 1.97 2.11
0.51 0.52 0.81
Ores and other minerals
1998 1999 2000
1.57 1.41 1.54
1.48 1.48 1.57
0.10 0.09 0.10
0.53 0.57 0.73
1.45 1.32 1.44
0.17 0.16 0.17
0.00 0.01 0.01
0.03 0.02 0.04
0.07 0.05 0.03
0.16 0.09 0.05
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.66 0.50 0.68
0.37 0.35 0.46
Fuels
1998 1999 2000
16.00 16.70 35.23
2.56 1.51 2.65
0.15 0.13 0.09
0.78 0.92 1.24
0.32 2.49 0.26
2.28 3.42 5.97
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.08 0.17 0.13
0.01 0.02 0.02
0.61 0.67 1.22
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.37 0.40 1.07
1.20 0.91 0.73
0.05 0.06 0.20
Non-ferrous metals
1998 1999 2000
5.96 6.05 6.79
2.06 2.13 2.41
0.08 0.03 0.06
0.04 0.03 0.04
0.82 0.56 0.60
0.19 0.23 0.30
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.06 0.04 0.11
0.01 0.00 0.00
0.06 0.05 0.04
0.03 0.01 0.01
0.00 0.01 0.01
0.65 0.56 0.71
0.10 0.11 0.16
1998 1999 2000
126.36 144.72 158.80
119.20 127.21 134.83
2.50 2.29 2.58
5.63 6.76 8.65
5.90 6.57 7.73
17.36 18.99 20.51
0.40 0.29 0.31
0.70 0.55 0.78
0.38 0.39 0.33
0.27 0.32 0.33
0.51 0.46 0.53
0.33 0.37 0.58
4.20 4.30 5.36
24.79 27.24 32.28
Iron and steel
1998 1999 2000
3.00 2.76 3.07
2.48 2.49 2.82
0.03 0.03 0.04
0.30 0.23 0.35
0.05 0.05 0.05
0.85 0.73 0.85
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.31 0.12 0.21
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.09 0.07 0.09
0.00 0.01 0.00
0.00 0.01 0.01
0.04 0.04 0.05
0.66 0.57 0.88
Chemicals
1998 1999 2000
9.88 10.49 12.12
13.09 14.19 15.42
0.32 0.31 0.43
0.13 0.13 0.16
0.69 0.72 0.66
2.84 3.07 3.39
0.03 0.04 0.03
0.07 0.07 0.10
0.04 0.04 0.03
0.07 0.12 0.08
0.04 0.05 0.04
0.05 0.06 0.11
1.18 1.21 1.49
0.62 0.71 0.78
Other semimanufactures
1998 1999 2000
19.50 21.55 23.12
11.81 12.93 14.64
0.48 0.44 0.49
0.28 0.34 0.42
0.84 1.15 1.10
1.60 1.71 1.90
0.04 0.03 0.03
0.04 0.05 0.06
0.06 0.07 0.06
0.02 0.02 0.02
0.08 0.06 0.09
0.08 0.10 0.11
0.69 0.71 0.73
1.63 1.70 2.01
Machinery and transport equipment
1998 1999 2000
79.76 93.95 101.70
75.46 80.17 83.74
1.47 1.34 1.44
4.02 5.03 6.62
3.55 3.82 4.94
9.39 10.71 11.38
0.23 0.16 0.18
0.16 0.20 0.27
0.24 0.24 0.21
0.04 0.06 0.08
0.31 0.27 0.34
0.12 0.12 0.26
1.84 1.94 2.62
14.86 16.66 19.99
Power generating machinery
1998 1999 2000
2.23 2.23 2.81
2.51 2.62 2.75
0.04 0.03 0.03
0.08 0.10 0.12
0.41 0.42 0.47
0.85 1.10 0.90
0.01 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.03 0.04
0.01 0.01 0.02
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.02 0.05 0.07
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.11 0.17 0.17
0.12 0.22 0.16
Other nonelectrical machinery
1998 1999 2000
9.00 9.32 9.96
14.45 14.26 15.12
0.35 0.28 0.30
0.26 0.29 0.36
0.71 0.67 0.77
3.56 3.89 4.01
0.08 0.06 0.07
0.08 0.07 0.08
0.06 0.07 0.06
0.01 0.01 0.03
0.10 0.06 0.07
0.03 0.03 0.08
0.39 0.36 0.40
2.10 1.97 2.32
Office and telecommunication equipment
1998 1999 2000
10.75 11.90 17.63
11.93 11.97 13.94
0.42 0.33 0.35
1.05 1.47 2.01
0.93 0.95 1.56
1.18 1.46 2.12
0.07 0.04 0.03
0.02 0.02 0.06
0.04 0.05 0.03
0.01 0.02 0.02
0.08 0.07 0.07
0.04 0.05 0.08
0.72 0.70 0.94
7.60 8.49 10.26
Electrical machinery and apparatus
1998 1999 2000
3.56 3.91 4.51
6.16 6.91 7.66
0.09 0.08 0.07
0.96 1.11 1.16
0.19 0.21 0.22
0.64 0.79 0.89
0.04 0.02 0.02
0.02 0.03 0.04
0.02 0.02 0.01
0.00 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.02 0.03
0.02 0.03 0.07
0.15 0.14 0.15
1.27 1.52 1.92
Automotive products
1998 1999 2000
47.66 59.35 59.19
33.81 37.81 37.57
0.52 0.42 0.53
1.56 1.92 2.70
0.30 0.35 0.27
1.51 1.61 1.69
0.03 0.02 0.02
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.03 0.02
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.03 0.02 0.04
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.18 0.34 0.59
3.01 3.75 4.18
Other transport equipment
1998 1999 2000
6.56 7.25 7.62
6.59 6.59 6.70
0.04 0.19 0.15
0.11 0.13 0.27
1.01 1.21 1.64
1.65 1.86 1.78
0.00 0.01 0.02
0.01 0.04 0.05
0.09 0.06 0.08
0.00 0.01 0.00
0.07 0.05 0.05
0.02 0.01 0.03
0.31 0.21 0.37
0.77 0.71 1.16
Textiles
1998 1999 2000
1.68 1.83 2.01
2.64 2.61 2.66
0.04 0.03 0.04
0.12 0.13 0.14
0.11 0.10 0.08
0.42 0.40 0.40
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.02 0.02
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.03 0.03 0.03
0.05 0.04 0.04
0.79 0.81 0.87
Clothing
1998 1999 2000
1.61 1.80 2.00
0.63 0.56 0.55
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.19 0.21 0.24
0.05 0.05 0.04
0.27 0.26 0.27
0.01 0.00 0.00
0.04 0.03 0.05
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.03 0.03 0.03
0.00 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.02 0.02
0.02 0.02 0.02
2.09 2.16 2.53
Other consumer goods
1998 1999 2000
10.93 12.35 14.77
13.09 14.27 15.00
0.15 0.13 0.13
0.58 0.69 0.73
0.60 0.70 0.86
1.99 2.13 2.33
0.06 0.04 0.05
0.06 0.07 0.08
0.03 0.03 0.03
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.05 0.06 0.05
0.04 0.04 0.04
0.38 0.35 0.40
4.14 4.63 5.23
1998 1999 2000
181.90 205.08 241.63
137.31 144.44 154.52
4.33 3.83 4.22
8.74 10.00 12.43
12.39 14.44 13.85
21.96 24.92 29.07
0.58 0.41 0.43
1.03 0.94 1.22
1.43 1.09 1.05
1.36 1.37 1.86
0.90 1.05 1.20
0.74 0.82 1.71
13.07 12.89 14.73
26.94 29.35 34.74
Manufactures
Total merchandise a
192
North America
Table A11 (continued)
Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - Canada (Billion dollars)
exp
exp
imp
exp
Mexico imp
Korea, Rep of
World b
exp
imp
exp
imp
exp
imp
8.86 9.05 9.93
2.87 2.68 3.13
1.45 1.56 1.58
3.26 3.40 3.78
0.05 0.05 0.05
0.92 0.94 1.02
0.18 0.19 0.23
0.42 0.37 0.51
0.27 0.26 0.28
0.30 0.47 0.62
0.04 0.04 0.05
31.22 32.60 34.79
14.00 14.28 15.27
Food
1998 1999 2000
9.72 10.27 11.06
6.63 6.81 7.32
1.19 1.04 0.92
1.29 1.39 1.40
1.67 1.62 1.72
0.03 0.04 0.04
0.62 0.49 0.50
0.15 0.16 0.20
0.39 0.34 0.47
0.26 0.25 0.27
0.11 0.11 0.15
0.03 0.03 0.03
16.84 16.57 17.63
11.18 11.44 12.03
Raw materials
1998 1999 2000
9.77 10.89 10.79
2.23 2.24 2.61
1.68 1.64 2.20
0.16 0.17 0.18
1.59 1.78 2.06
0.02 0.02 0.02
0.30 0.46 0.52
0.03 0.02 0.03
0.03 0.03 0.04
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.19 0.36 0.47
0.02 0.01 0.02
14.38 16.03 17.16
2.81 2.84 3.25
Mining products
1998 1999 2000
23.52 24.16 43.56
6.09 5.12 6.63
2.10 3.92 1.80
1.10 2.29 3.67
1.45 1.12 1.06
0.03 0.02 0.05
0.11 0.11 0.20
0.06 0.07 0.09
0.05 0.05 0.08
0.18 0.23 0.34
0.50 0.38 0.35
0.04 0.04 0.07
29.07 30.87 48.32
11.99 12.44 18.58
Ores and other minerals
1998 1999 2000
1.57 1.41 1.54
1.48 1.48 1.57
1.11 0.98 1.06
0.15 0.15 0.14
0.31 0.20 0.26
0.00 0.00 0.01
0.06 0.08 0.20
0.02 0.02 0.02
0.03 0.02 0.02
0.03 0.04 0.05
0.13 0.08 0.04
0.00 0.00 0.00
3.86 3.39 3.81
2.73 2.69 3.02
Fuels
1998 1999 2000
16.00 16.70 35.23
2.56 1.51 2.65
0.28 2.45 0.19
0.78 1.94 3.26
0.81 0.62 0.48
0.01 0.00 0.02
0.00 0.01 0.00
0.01 0.02 0.02
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.14 0.18 0.27
0.30 0.23 0.19
0.03 0.02 0.05
17.68 20.26 36.34
6.73 7.15 12.48
Non-ferrous metals
1998 1999 2000
5.96 6.05 6.79
2.06 2.13 2.41
0.71 0.49 0.55
0.17 0.19 0.26
0.33 0.30 0.32
0.02 0.02 0.03
0.04 0.02 0.01
0.03 0.03 0.05
0.01 0.01 0.05
0.01 0.01 0.02
0.07 0.07 0.12
0.01 0.02 0.02
7.54 7.21 8.17
2.53 2.60 3.08
1998 1999 2000
126.33 144.70 158.77
119.19 127.21 134.82
5.35 6.16 7.33
16.31 17.84 19.22
1.00 1.03 1.13
9.34 10.03 11.05
0.64 0.73 1.26
4.91 5.74 7.27
0.51 0.66 0.76
4.72 5.93 7.52
0.38 0.44 0.51
2.12 2.31 3.34
140.24 159.03 175.64
169.70 183.52 200.75
Iron and steel
1998 1999 2000
3.00 2.76 3.07
2.48 2.49 2.82
0.05 0.05 0.05
0.78 0.66 0.76
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.35 0.24 0.28
0.00 0.00 0.01
0.04 0.03 0.11
0.02 0.01 0.02
0.08 0.08 0.09
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.12 0.10 0.19
3.13 2.89 3.22
4.74 4.25 5.26
Chemicals
1998 1999 2000
9.88 10.49 12.11
13.08 14.19 15.42
0.59 0.64 0.62
2.56 2.78 3.07
0.18 0.17 0.21
0.22 0.24 0.23
0.25 0.32 0.51
0.12 0.12 0.14
0.05 0.06 0.08
0.07 0.08 0.09
0.20 0.16 0.18
0.05 0.05 0.06
12.18 12.86 14.80
16.88 18.35 20.06
Other semimanufactures
1998 1999 2000
19.50 21.54 23.12
11.81 12.93 14.64
0.82 1.11 1.07
1.52 1.62 1.81
0.32 0.35 0.32
0.44 0.42 0.50
0.05 0.04 0.04
0.44 0.50 0.64
0.03 0.06 0.05
0.17 0.22 0.27
0.02 0.04 0.05
0.16 0.17 0.19
21.70 24.01 25.62
15.50 16.90 19.26
Machinery and transport equipment
1998 1999 2000
79.75 93.93 101.69
75.46 80.17 83.73
3.19 3.57 4.66
9.02 10.23 10.87
0.29 0.33 0.38
7.35 8.09 8.98
0.31 0.34 0.65
1.36 1.70 2.33
0.37 0.50 0.56
3.76 4.76 6.21
0.12 0.21 0.26
1.36 1.54 2.40
87.39 101.71 111.44
105.32 114.85 124.84
Power generating machinery
1998 1999 2000
2.23 2.23 2.81
2.51 2.62 2.75
0.38 0.38 0.43
0.84 1.07 0.87
0.02 0.02 0.01
0.07 0.15 0.07
0.02 0.08 0.07
0.02 0.03 0.03
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.07 0.09 0.10
0.00 0.02 0.02
0.01 0.02 0.03
2.81 2.93 3.58
3.68 4.18 4.07
Other nonelectrical machinery
1998 1999 2000
9.00 9.32 9.95
14.45 14.26 15.12
0.66 0.64 0.73
3.36 3.67 3.77
0.06 0.06 0.06
1.37 1.21 1.39
0.06 0.05 0.11
0.18 0.19 0.26
0.08 0.11 0.09
0.22 0.26 0.30
0.02 0.04 0.03
0.18 0.20 0.23
10.70 10.83 11.63
20.55 20.63 22.09
Office and telecommunication equipment
1998 1999 2000
10.74 11.89 17.62
11.93 11.97 13.93
0.89 0.89 1.52
1.13 1.39 2.02
0.09 0.07 0.13
2.37 2.50 2.83
0.10 0.06 0.06
0.68 0.89 1.29
0.08 0.07 0.09
0.95 1.36 1.92
0.06 0.07 0.11
0.71 0.82 1.18
13.00 14.04 20.63
22.70 24.88 30.42
Electrical machinery and apparatus
1998 1999 2000
3.56 3.90 4.51
6.16 6.91 7.66
0.17 0.20 0.21
0.60 0.72 0.82
0.04 0.03 0.02
0.39 0.42 0.60
0.02 0.02 0.02
0.39 0.49 0.61
0.02 0.03 0.03
0.92 1.08 1.12
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.10 0.15 0.15
4.06 4.40 5.02
9.09 10.43 11.81
Automotive products
1998 1999 2000
47.66 59.34 59.19
33.81 37.81 37.57
0.29 0.33 0.25
1.48 1.58 1.67
0.07 0.12 0.11
2.70 3.25 3.49
0.01 0.10 0.29
0.03 0.05 0.06
0.16 0.25 0.31
1.51 1.86 2.59
0.01 0.06 0.08
0.19 0.34 0.51
48.74 60.53 60.66
40.04 45.25 46.28
Other transport equipment
1998 1999 2000
6.56 7.24 7.61
6.59 6.59 6.69
0.80 1.13 1.52
1.61 1.79 1.72
0.01 0.04 0.06
0.46 0.55 0.59
0.11 0.03 0.10
0.05 0.05 0.07
0.02 0.03 0.04
0.10 0.12 0.18
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.17 0.02 0.28
8.08 8.98 9.93
9.26 9.47 10.18
Textiles
1998 1999 2000
1.68 1.83 2.01
2.64 2.61 2.66
0.10 0.09 0.08
0.37 0.36 0.35
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.05 0.04 0.04
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.18 0.20 0.25
0.02 0.02 0.01
0.08 0.08 0.09
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.12 0.12 0.13
1.92 2.03 2.21
4.03 4.00 4.13
Clothing
1998 1999 2000
1.61 1.80 2.00
0.63 0.56 0.55
0.05 0.04 0.04
0.23 0.22 0.22
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.68 0.74 0.92
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.09 0.11 0.14
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.17 0.18 0.21
1.71 1.88 2.08
3.27 3.28 3.69
Other consumer goods
1998 1999 2000
10.92 12.34 14.77
13.09 14.27 15.00
0.56 0.65 0.81
1.84 1.97 2.13
0.18 0.16 0.19
0.93 0.99 1.02
0.02 0.02 0.05
2.09 2.44 2.89
0.02 0.01 0.04
0.48 0.60 0.64
0.02 0.02 0.02
0.14 0.15 0.16
12.21 13.65 16.30
19.95 21.90 23.50
1998 1999 2000
181.85 205.02 241.59
137.31 144.43 154.50
10.93 13.37 12.72
19.19 22.04 24.82
5.81 5.65 6.06
9.44 10.12 11.18
1.68 1.79 2.50
5.16 6.00 7.59
0.98 1.10 1.37
5.17 6.42 8.14
1.22 1.34 1.50
2.24 2.41 3.47
214.61 238.78 277.11
201.37 215.55 240.09
Total merchandise a
imp
China
19.48 21.16 21.85
Manufactures
exp
Japan
1998 1999 2000
Agricultural products
imp
EU (15)
Appendix tables
United States
a Includes unspecified products. b Includes unspecified destinations and origins. Note: Imports are valued f.o.b. For sources and methods, see the Technical Notes.
193
Table A12
Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - United States (Billion dollars) C./E. Europe/ North America
Latin America
Western Europe
exp
imp
exp
imp
exp
imp
1998 1999 2000
10.39 10.60 11.46
19.27 20.96 21.71
13.10 11.78 12.62
17.81 18.32 17.68
13.39 10.96 11.28
10.96 11.97 11.78
1.81 1.21 1.10
0.63 0.72 0.71
2.44 2.46 2.53
Food
1998 1999 2000
7.94 8.12 8.56
9.52 10.08 10.98
10.02 9.34 9.62
15.60 15.86 15.26
9.79 7.83 7.43
9.64 10.60 10.49
1.76 1.15 1.03
0.56 0.64 0.62
Raw materials
1998 1999 2000
2.45 2.48 2.89
9.75 10.88 10.73
3.08 2.44 3.00
2.21 2.46 2.42
3.60 3.13 3.86
1.32 1.38 1.29
0.05 0.06 0.07
Mining products
1998 1999 2000
6.25 6.13 7.15
22.77 25.16 42.68
5.59 5.55 8.38
23.14 29.21 46.55
5.35 4.31 5.03
8.20 10.31 17.62
Ores and other minerals
1998 1999 2000
1.54 1.57 1.65
1.66 1.49 1.54
0.59 0.50 0.57
1.77 1.54 1.27
1.42 1.30 1.43
Fuels
1998 1999 2000
2.48 2.26 2.82
15.16 17.64 34.22
3.33 3.47 6.14
19.03 25.00 41.93
Non-ferrous metals
1998 1999 2000
2.22 2.31 2.68
5.95 6.03 6.92
1.67 1.58 1.67
1998 1999 2000
133.15 143.24 155.30
123.29 140.43 156.36
Iron and steel
1998 1999 2000
2.81 2.77 3.18
Chemicals
1998 1999 2000
Other semimanufactures Machinery and transport equipment
Appendix tables
exp
imp
Asia exp
1.21 1.11 1.12
2.39 2.34 2.57
0.21 0.23 0.21
26.01 26.21 29.01
12.30 12.83 13.49
2.21 2.26 2.32
1.03 0.93 0.91
2.21 2.16 2.34
0.18 0.17 0.18
20.10 20.74 22.33
9.54 10.36 10.94
0.07 0.08 0.09
0.23 0.20 0.21
0.19 0.18 0.21
0.18 0.18 0.23
0.03 0.06 0.03
5.91 5.47 6.68
2.76 2.47 2.55
0.19 0.06 0.11
3.09 4.29 6.02
0.35 0.32 0.46
12.54 13.23 23.25
0.34 0.35 0.36
9.63 14.61 23.97
4.88 5.28 6.31
5.25 5.51 7.52
0.61 0.70 0.69
0.05 0.01 0.02
0.08 0.11 0.08
0.04 0.04 0.04
0.64 0.65 0.53
0.03 0.03 0.04
0.04 0.03 0.04
1.63 1.74 2.41
1.24 1.01 1.24
1.94 1.66 1.85
4.80 6.88 12.81
0.12 0.05 0.08
0.40 1.01 1.64
0.24 0.18 0.23
10.73 11.38 20.94
0.16 0.16 0.16
9.46 14.42 23.69
1.80 2.15 2.11
2.57 2.94 4.53
2.34 2.67 3.35
1.99 1.36 1.75
2.79 2.73 4.10
0.01 0.01 0.02
2.62 3.17 4.30
0.07 0.10 0.19
1.17 1.20 1.79
0.15 0.16 0.16
0.13 0.17 0.25
1.46 1.39 1.80
1.44 1.56 1.75
116.62 117.48 141.34
102.55 117.58 142.45
134.87 140.39 153.64
167.85 183.75 204.75
5.18 4.06 4.35
7.47 6.86 9.62
7.67 6.47 7.28
3.07 3.23 3.78
19.39 16.88 15.04
9.86 10.96 15.01
141.15 146.79 173.20
343.46 380.02 437.12
2.86 2.68 2.92
1.67 1.41 1.63
3.13 3.05 3.40
0.56 0.50 0.71
5.17 4.36 4.96
0.02 0.02 0.04
2.45 1.23 1.64
0.25 0.18 0.06
0.59 0.49 0.55
0.15 0.07 0.06
0.03 0.02 0.05
0.58 0.50 0.63
6.49 4.52 4.88
13.71 14.84 16.20
9.80 10.34 11.95
14.94 14.47 17.18
3.40 3.76 4.52
20.42 20.99 24.30
29.37 35.04 41.56
0.43 0.29 0.50
1.14 1.18 2.16
0.87 0.76 0.90
0.29 0.27 0.34
0.95 1.01 1.10
1.34 1.29 1.79
17.98 19.63 22.10
11.10 12.20 13.68
1998 1999 2000
12.62 13.90 16.08
19.24 21.26 22.87
9.90 10.27 12.37
6.16 7.23 8.10
7.10 6.89 7.44
15.47 16.19 17.34
0.19 0.22 0.22
0.52 0.65 0.73
0.38 0.35 0.39
0.48 0.56 0.63
1.69 1.70 2.03
3.83 4.62 5.90
7.10 6.95 7.94
21.14 24.35 26.18
1998 1999 2000
85.47 91.84 98.76
77.92 91.02 100.66
68.30 68.83 83.48
59.70 70.57 88.90
84.51 89.45 95.30
86.50 93.95 102.65
3.84 2.96 2.99
2.06 2.46 3.31
5.46 4.55 5.29
0.32 0.50 0.57
14.88 12.47 10.20
2.18 2.30 3.95
95.61 99.19 117.49
202.93 228.40 270.85
Power generating machinery
1998 1999 2000
2.67 2.89 2.94
2.04 2.13 2.78
2.87 3.05 3.08
1.79 2.08 2.34
8.19 8.67 9.36
9.08 9.89 10.21
0.07 0.06 0.07
0.07 0.11 0.19
0.32 0.21 0.20
0.01 0.00 0.00
0.75 0.81 0.57
0.25 0.15 0.15
4.27 4.30 4.47
2.21 2.59 3.00
Other nonelectrical machinery
1998 1999 2000
16.23 16.01 17.25
8.28 8.58 9.35
15.25 13.39 14.93
4.67 5.24 6.09
13.65 13.63 16.06
26.39 25.83 26.42
1.08 0.77 0.95
0.52 0.43 0.47
2.05 1.39 1.52
0.09 0.13 0.17
2.44 2.14 1.95
0.35 0.32 0.40
14.69 15.24 21.37
21.06 21.06 24.32
Office and telecommunication equipment
1998 1999 2000
17.92 19.01 22.79
9.47 10.46 16.27
21.22 23.65 30.22
18.58 22.67 29.86
27.43 28.90 33.37
11.46 12.39 14.71
0.91 0.80 0.89
0.93 1.28 1.57
0.73 0.75 0.77
0.11 0.15 0.18
1.86 2.03 2.25
0.88 1.09 2.11
43.81 50.53 63.16
114.47 128.80 154.04
Electrical machinery and apparatus
1998 1999 2000
7.46 8.45 9.70
3.38 3.76 4.33
11.69 12.44 15.41
12.54 14.00 16.58
7.69 7.74 9.28
7.30 8.03 9.13
0.20 0.19 0.29
0.25 0.30 0.49
0.23 0.25 0.24
0.01 0.01 0.05
0.74 0.67 0.79
0.43 0.42 0.93
6.92 7.53 9.53
19.56 21.87 26.75
Automotive products
1998 1999 2000
34.53 38.60 39.07
48.43 59.37 60.19
12.13 11.35 15.41
19.62 22.97 29.94
7.03 7.02 6.57
23.26 27.47 29.36
0.29 0.21 0.16
0.17 0.22 0.40
0.53 0.37 0.40
0.08 0.12 0.15
1.81 1.16 1.45
0.02 0.02 0.03
4.74 4.20 4.84
38.26 45.55 52.65
Other transport equipment
1998 1999 2000
6.67 6.88 7.01
6.32 6.71 7.74
5.12 4.95 4.43
2.51 3.62 4.07
20.52 23.49 20.66
9.02 10.34 12.81
1.30 0.93 0.64
0.11 0.12 0.21
1.60 1.59 2.16
0.02 0.08 0.03
7.28 5.67 3.20
0.26 0.29 0.33
21.17 17.38 14.11
7.37 8.53 10.07
Textiles
1998 1999 2000
2.79 2.77 2.85
1.63 1.78 1.97
3.22 3.97 5.19
1.57 1.70 2.01
1.60 1.29 1.39
3.00 3.10 3.28
0.08 0.06 0.05
0.19 0.19 0.19
0.07 0.07 0.07
0.16 0.14 0.17
0.26 0.20 0.14
0.21 0.24 0.41
1.19 1.14 1.27
6.70 7.15 7.68
Clothing
1998 1999 2000
0.78 0.75 0.76
1.57 1.76 1.97
6.71 6.41 6.79
16.13 17.82 20.06
0.52 0.41 0.38
3.55 3.54 3.93
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.62 0.56 0.81
0.02 0.01 0.02
1.06 1.09 1.32
0.09 0.07 0.06
1.06 1.21 1.47
0.65 0.61 0.63
31.72 32.81 36.83
Other consumer goods
1998 1999 2000
14.98 16.36 17.48
10.26 11.59 14.00
11.87 12.11 14.69
12.46 13.45 15.47
20.16 20.86 24.13
24.79 27.59 31.02
0.59 0.50 0.53
0.49 0.60 0.78
0.61 0.56 0.56
0.18 0.19 0.21
1.37 1.37 1.45
1.20 1.28 1.45
18.04 18.77 23.13
63.37 70.59 77.02
1998 1999 2000
154.56 164.25 179.35
177.94 201.48 238.41
141.70 141.60 170.03
149.83 172.84 216.04
163.18 165.85 181.44
198.10 219.40 248.45
7.47 5.66 5.94
11.45 12.22 16.62
11.15 9.91 10.96
17.02 17.96 28.53
23.78 21.12 19.19
20.36 26.80 40.25
178.19 184.03 214.60
369.65 408.52 469.31
Total merchandise a
imp
Middle East imp
Manufactures
exp
Africa
exp
Agricultural products
194
Baltic States/CIS
imp
Table A12 (continued)
Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - United States (Billion dollars) EU (15)
Mexico
imp
exp
imp
imp
exp
1998 1999 2000
10.30 10.52 11.38
19.26 20.94 21.68
12.07 9.93 10.02
9.95 10.87 10.81
7.04 6.58 7.61
5.94 6.23 6.52
13.80 13.99 14.74
0.63 0.69 0.67
1.68 1.27 2.37
Food
1998 1999 2000
7.86 8.05 8.49
9.51 10.06 10.96
8.76 6.95 6.53
8.69 9.56 9.57
5.20 5.08 5.75
5.51 5.78 6.06
11.32 11.72 12.37
0.43 0.48 0.46
Raw materials
1998 1999 2000
2.44 2.48 2.89
9.75 10.88 10.73
3.31 2.98 3.49
1.26 1.31 1.23
1.84 1.51 1.86
0.43 0.45 0.46
2.48 2.27 2.37
Mining products
1998 1999 2000
6.21 6.11 7.13
22.77 25.16 42.68
4.95 4.08 4.71
6.26 7.33 12.68
3.34 3.81 6.09
7.06 8.72 14.64
Ores and other minerals
1998 1999 2000
1.54 1.57 1.65
1.66 1.49 1.54
1.36 1.28 1.39
0.53 0.63 0.63
0.41 0.37 0.44
Fuels
1998 1999 2000
2.45 2.24 2.81
15.16 17.64 34.22
1.81 1.54 1.70
3.40 4.46 8.63
Non-ferrous metals
1998 1999 2000
2.22 2.31 2.68
5.95 6.03 6.92
1.79 1.26 1.62
1998 1999 2000
132.92 143.05 155.03
123.29 140.43 156.35
Iron and steel
1998 1999 2000
2.80 2.77 3.18
Chemicals
1998 1999 2000
Other semimanufactures Machinery and transport equipment
imp
World b
imp
exp
1.18 1.36 1.50
2.69 3.24 3.53
0.33 0.33 0.38
69.85 65.94 70.87
62.40 66.14 66.70
1.11 0.77 1.51
0.84 0.98 1.09
1.74 2.24 2.24
0.15 0.18 0.20
54.33 51.97 53.92
46.07 48.64 49.37
0.19 0.21 0.21
0.57 0.50 0.86
0.34 0.38 0.40
0.95 1.00 1.29
0.18 0.15 0.19
15.52 13.97 16.95
16.33 17.50 17.33
1.82 1.86 2.20
0.82 0.90 1.04
0.46 0.58 1.03
0.98 0.84 1.30
0.82 1.06 1.12
0.36 0.49 0.87
22.95 22.01 27.80
84.63 102.33 167.61
0.50 0.42 0.36
0.54 0.53 0.66
0.04 0.04 0.08
0.21 0.32 0.68
0.25 0.19 0.23
0.32 0.40 0.51
0.02 0.02 0.03
5.30 5.17 6.15
6.04 5.53 5.39
1.77 2.27 4.30
5.53 7.42 13.21
0.73 0.76 0.84
0.28 0.35 0.38
0.13 0.12 0.06
0.44 0.28 0.75
0.32 0.49 0.35
0.22 0.33 0.65
10.07 9.93 13.38
62.15 79.27 139.78
2.33 2.24 3.42
1.16 1.17 1.35
1.02 0.88 1.07
0.56 0.57 0.69
0.50 0.50 0.59
0.12 0.14 0.29
0.29 0.37 0.32
0.18 0.18 0.25
0.12 0.14 0.19
7.57 6.91 8.27
16.44 17.53 22.45
125.21 131.03 142.90
156.24 170.90 190.50
64.98 72.53 92.64
79.05 91.23 113.12
40.64 40.03 46.35
120.56 129.23 145.36
11.91 11.06 12.56
72.18 84.63 99.28
12.41 17.99 22.55
23.61 31.03 39.66
558.11 575.33 650.16
757.56 842.84 969.11
2.86 2.68 2.92
0.51 0.45 0.62
4.74 3.99 4.53
1.17 1.15 1.30
1.31 1.26 1.31
0.10 0.12 0.16
3.45 1.77 1.41
0.06 0.07 0.07
0.45 0.41 0.65
0.05 0.05 0.07
1.35 1.06 1.05
6.03 5.45 6.32
20.73 16.36 18.40
13.69 14.82 16.17
9.80 10.34 11.95
19.05 19.18 22.29
26.93 32.28 38.79
6.88 7.19 8.83
1.54 1.65 1.84
5.55 5.79 6.50
6.28 6.76 7.46
1.97 2.09 2.26
1.53 1.80 1.87
1.65 2.15 2.74
0.77 0.82 0.90
69.30 71.98 82.27
56.44 64.07 76.01
1998 1999 2000
12.60 13.87 16.05
19.24 21.26 22.87
6.61 6.27 6.81
14.32 14.94 16.03
6.50 7.21 9.25
4.10 4.70 5.44
2.16 2.02 2.37
5.19 5.46 5.74
0.60 0.60 0.79
5.27 6.72 7.78
0.43 0.56 0.64
1.38 1.66 1.70
39.00 40.29 46.47
66.85 74.84 81.75
1998 1999 2000
85.34 91.76 98.66
77.92 91.02 100.65
79.34 84.70 89.77
82.94 89.91 98.17
38.84 43.77 57.18
54.96 64.21 82.06
24.76 24.12 27.68
92.84 101.65 115.52
8.24 7.15 8.09
22.43 27.74 36.06
9.03 13.56 16.87
15.26 22.14 30.44
358.17 369.30 413.52
431.61 489.19 570.88
Power generating machinery
1998 1999 2000
2.67 2.89 2.94
2.04 2.13 2.78
7.63 8.19 8.88
8.80 9.58 9.76
1.27 1.40 1.55
1.61 1.88 2.19
1.14 1.19 1.46
1.11 1.45 1.67
0.50 0.46 0.24
0.32 0.37 0.46
0.45 0.55 0.44
0.20 0.32 0.42
19.13 19.99 20.68
15.44 16.96 18.67
Other nonelectrical machinery
1998 1999 2000
16.21 15.98 17.23
8.28 8.58 9.35
12.78 12.81 15.25
24.57 23.89 24.42
6.72 7.30 8.34
3.76 4.32 5.14
2.88 3.08 4.46
14.38 13.60 15.98
1.40 1.33 1.82
1.83 2.33 2.59
1.36 1.93 3.21
1.21 1.38 1.65
65.40 62.57 74.03
61.37 61.59 67.22
Office and telecommunication equipment
1998 1999 2000
17.87 18.98 22.75
9.47 10.46 16.27
26.18 27.62 32.06
10.85 11.58 13.76
11.45 14.18 19.55
17.61 20.65 27.96
10.40 10.47 13.01
30.74 33.13 37.38
2.05 2.23 3.23
13.82 17.12 22.41
4.85 8.27 9.87
10.46 15.33 20.89
113.89 125.66 153.45
155.91 176.84 218.73
Electrical machinery and apparatus
1998 1999 2000
7.44 8.44 9.69
3.38 3.76 4.33
7.34 7.38 8.91
6.82 7.47 8.48
9.01 9.99 12.76
11.83 13.21 15.60
1.97 2.05 2.32
6.77 7.28 8.89
0.48 0.55 0.82
5.45 6.67 8.48
0.46 0.73 0.93
1.14 1.40 1.72
34.92 37.27 45.24
43.46 48.39 58.27
Automotive products
1998 1999 2000
34.52 38.60 39.07
48.43 59.37 60.19
6.80 6.84 6.35
23.06 27.26 29.17
8.81 9.39 13.26
18.89 22.15 29.01
2.63 2.12 2.59
34.57 39.99 44.77
0.16 0.22 0.21
0.32 0.43 0.58
0.28 0.40 0.38
2.05 3.45 5.49
61.06 62.92 67.90
129.83 155.72 172.72
Other transport equipment
1998 1999 2000
6.63 6.87 6.99
6.32 6.71 7.74
18.61 21.85 18.32
8.84 10.13 12.58
1.57 1.51 1.73
1.26 2.00 2.16
5.74 5.21 3.83
5.27 6.20 6.84
3.64 2.37 1.77
0.69 0.82 1.55
1.64 1.68 2.04
0.20 0.25 0.26
63.76 60.89 52.22
25.60 29.69 35.26
Textiles
1998 1999 2000
2.78 2.77 2.84
1.63 1.78 1.97
1.51 1.21 1.32
2.57 2.60 2.73
1.96 2.88 3.78
1.21 1.34 1.60
0.25 0.23 0.28
0.59 0.59 0.62
0.08 0.09 0.12
1.51 1.69 1.89
0.13 0.14 0.15
0.87 0.91 0.95
9.22 9.51 10.95
13.46 14.30 15.71
Clothing
1998 1999 2000
0.78 0.75 0.75
1.57 1.76 1.97
0.48 0.38 0.36
2.54 2.48 2.64
2.65 2.55 2.45
6.87 7.91 9.02
0.49 0.45 0.46
0.09 0.10 0.11
0.01 0.01 0.01
7.44 7.74 8.76
0.01 0.01 0.02
2.13 2.38 2.54
8.79 8.27 8.65
55.72 58.78 66.40
Other consumer goods
1998 1999 2000
14.93 16.31 17.38
10.26 11.59 14.00
17.70 18.85 21.75
22.20 24.69 27.63
6.98 7.78 9.84
9.06 10.15 11.84
7.35 7.30 8.90
12.12 12.90 14.50
0.95 1.05 1.23
33.55 38.54 42.28
1.11 1.53 2.06
1.86 2.05 2.08
67.61 70.52 81.98
112.75 125.29 139.95
1998 1999 2000
154.15 163.90 178.92
177.92 201.43 238.34
149.81 151.96 165.22
182.03 201.10 227.21
79.00 87.04 111.34
96.07 111.07 140.35
57.88 57.48 64.92
125.09 134.87 151.26
14.26 13.12 16.18
75.09 87.78 103.27
16.54 22.95 27.83
24.80 32.47 41.62
680.43 692.78 781.83
944.35 1059.22 1257.63
Total merchandise a
exp
Korea, Rep. of exp
Manufactures
imp
China
exp Agricultural products
exp
Japan
imp
Appendix tables
Canada
a Includes unspecified products. b Includes unspecified destinations and origins. Note: For sources and methods, see the Technical Notes.
195
Table A13
Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - Brazil (Billion dollars) C./E. Europe/
Agricultural products
Appendix tables
Latin America
Western Europe
exp
exp
exp
imp
imp
imp
Baltic States/CIS exp
imp
Africa
Middle East
exp
imp
exp
imp
Asia exp
imp
1998 1999 2000
1.93 2.15 2.04
0.94 0.58 0.59
1.70 1.24 1.39
4.42 3.20 3.22
7.63 7.19 7.21
1.07 0.79 0.80
0.88 0.99 0.65
0.09 0.04 0.07
0.92 0.69 0.55
0.18 0.20 0.17
1.17 1.09 0.87
0.01 0.02 0.02
2.73 2.57 2.67
0.43 0.28 0.30
Food
1998 1999 2000
1.42 1.54 1.32
0.59 0.32 0.23
1.50 1.04 1.20
4.05 2.87 2.92
6.83 6.32 6.07
0.93 0.64 0.63
0.88 0.99 0.65
0.03 0.01 0.03
0.89 0.66 0.52
0.01 0.06 0.06
1.17 1.09 0.87
0.01 0.01 0.01
2.34 2.09 2.10
0.26 0.15 0.13
Raw materials
1998 1999 2000
0.51 0.61 0.72
0.35 0.26 0.36
0.20 0.20 0.19
0.37 0.32 0.30
0.79 0.86 1.14
0.14 0.14 0.17
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.06 0.03 0.04
0.03 0.02 0.02
0.17 0.14 0.11
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.39 0.48 0.57
0.17 0.13 0.17
Mining products
1998 1999 2000
0.66 0.80 1.20
1.06 0.88 0.79
0.66 0.60 0.80
2.36 2.52 4.32
2.33 1.95 2.36
0.66 0.58 0.74
0.12 0.07 0.07
0.06 0.11 0.30
0.14 0.13 0.19
1.55 2.00 2.67
0.15 0.17 0.20
1.01 0.88 1.19
1.41 1.56 1.66
0.42 0.34 0.67
Ores and other minerals
1998 1999 2000
0.34 0.28 0.31
0.09 0.08 0.11
0.35 0.30 0.35
0.27 0.34 0.38
1.66 1.39 1.57
0.05 0.04 0.05
0.11 0.07 0.07
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.12 0.12 0.15
0.04 0.02 0.05
0.13 0.14 0.18
0.03 0.02 0.04
1.11 1.07 1.19
0.02 0.02 0.03
Fuels
1998 1999 2000
0.21 0.25 0.53
0.66 0.54 0.49
0.11 0.13 0.24
1.68 1.85 3.48
0.02 0.02 0.07
0.37 0.30 0.42
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.02 0.05 0.19
0.00 0.00 0.02
1.48 1.93 2.56
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.99 0.85 1.16
0.00 0.00 0.05
0.36 0.27 0.57
Non-ferrous metals
1998 1999 2000
0.12 0.26 0.36
0.31 0.25 0.19
0.19 0.17 0.21
0.41 0.33 0.46
0.64 0.54 0.73
0.24 0.23 0.27
0.00 0.00 0.01
0.03 0.05 0.10
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.04 0.05 0.06
0.02 0.03 0.02
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.30 0.49 0.43
0.04 0.05 0.07
1998 1999 2000
7.47 8.05 10.46
13.78 12.01 13.46
11.92 9.60 11.65
6.39 4.38 4.96
5.44 5.17 6.25
17.08 15.28 14.38
0.16 0.14 0.25
0.58 0.51 0.78
0.59 0.51 0.60
0.22 0.14 0.23
0.24 0.18 0.21
0.30 0.23 0.35
1.68 1.86 2.36
7.99 6.62 8.64
Iron and steel
1998 1999 2000
1.29 1.20 1.41
0.12 0.08 0.09
0.99 0.61 0.67
0.15 0.12 0.15
0.73 0.55 0.77
0.38 0.24 0.24
0.01 0.00 0.00
0.08 0.04 0.07
0.03 0.06 0.06
0.02 0.01 0.03
0.04 0.03 0.03
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.58 0.65 0.70
0.20 0.08 0.09
Chemicals
1998 1999 2000
0.44 0.48 0.66
3.54 3.31 3.40
1.64 1.49 1.70
1.17 1.17 1.33
0.67 0.55 0.65
3.86 3.81 3.86
0.01 0.01 0.02
0.35 0.35 0.56
0.08 0.09 0.10
0.12 0.09 0.15
0.02 0.03 0.03
0.17 0.17 0.23
0.33 0.36 0.41
0.75 0.76 0.96
Other semimanufactures
1998 1999 2000
0.90 1.11 1.17
1.04 0.78 0.87
1.71 1.52 1.77
0.56 0.40 0.48
1.14 1.12 1.20
1.38 1.06 1.12
0.03 0.02 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.14 0.13 0.13
0.02 0.01 0.02
0.08 0.07 0.06
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.34 0.39 0.44
0.53 0.41 0.48
Machinery and transport equipment
1998 1999 2000
3.42 3.77 5.37
7.67 6.69 7.83
6.20 4.68 6.01
3.75 2.15 2.43
2.24 2.28 2.93
10.03 8.98 7.94
0.09 0.09 0.20
0.12 0.10 0.12
0.31 0.22 0.29
0.05 0.01 0.02
0.08 0.05 0.07
0.09 0.04 0.10
0.26 0.29 0.65
4.97 4.24 5.73
Power generating machinery
1998 1999 2000
0.19 0.16 0.22
0.74 0.84 0.86
0.10 0.06 0.08
0.05 0.02 0.02
0.07 0.06 0.05
0.53 0.45 0.29
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.01 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.02 0.02 0.03
0.08 0.07 0.07
Other nonelectrical machinery
1998 1999 2000
0.80 0.79 0.84
1.94 1.42 1.44
1.35 0.97 1.01
0.28 0.22 0.24
0.45 0.44 0.49
4.28 3.70 3.10
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.03 0.03 0.03
0.09 0.07 0.10
0.01 0.01 0.00
0.03 0.02 0.05
0.02 0.01 0.02
0.12 0.12 0.15
1.06 0.79 0.85
Office and telecommunication equipment
1998 1999 2000
0.48 0.51 0.91
2.73 2.71 3.49
0.47 0.68 1.16
0.20 0.12 0.16
0.09 0.10 0.14
1.14 1.03 1.24
0.00 0.02 0.03
0.01 0.02 0.04
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.04 0.02 0.07
0.02 0.03 0.13
2.08 2.02 2.90
Electrical machinery and apparatus
1998 1999 2000
0.11 0.12 0.23
1.04 0.89 1.05
0.47 0.44 0.51
0.19 0.11 0.18
0.08 0.08 0.09
1.10 1.05 0.87
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.03 0.03 0.03
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.01 0.01
0.03 0.01 0.01
0.03 0.05 0.04
0.81 0.71 1.09
Automotive products
1998 1999 2000
0.49 0.58 0.80
0.67 0.34 0.40
3.40 2.18 2.91
2.94 1.60 1.73
1.05 0.93 0.74
1.98 1.65 1.45
0.06 0.01 0.01
0.03 0.02 0.02
0.15 0.11 0.15
0.01 0.00 0.00
0.03 0.01 0.01
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.04 0.04 0.06
0.72 0.49 0.61
Other transport equipment
1998 1999 2000
1.35 1.62 2.38
0.55 0.51 0.60
0.42 0.35 0.34
0.09 0.08 0.09
0.50 0.67 1.41
0.99 1.09 1.00
0.01 0.04 0.16
0.01 0.00 0.00
0.04 0.02 0.01
0.02 0.00 0.00
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.03 0.04 0.23
0.23 0.17 0.22
Textiles
1998 1999 2000
0.16 0.18 0.21
0.16 0.15 0.18
0.53 0.46 0.50
0.28 0.23 0.26
0.13 0.12 0.12
0.22 0.17 0.20
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.02
0.01 0.00 0.00
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.05 0.06 0.06
0.38 0.32 0.44
Clothing
1998 1999 2000
0.04 0.04 0.10
0.03 0.01 0.01
0.11 0.10 0.14
0.09 0.04 0.03
0.02 0.02 0.03
0.04 0.03 0.04
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.21 0.12 0.11
Other consumer goods
1998 1999 2000
1.22 1.27 1.54
1.22 0.99 1.08
0.74 0.73 0.87
0.39 0.26 0.28
0.50 0.51 0.55
1.16 0.99 0.98
0.03 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.02
0.01 0.01 0.02
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.11 0.11 0.11
0.95 0.69 0.82
1998 1999 2000
10.43 11.38 14.11
15.78 13.47 14.84
14.32 11.46 13.88
13.17 10.09 12.50
15.51 14.39 15.93
18.82 16.67 15.99
1.16 1.20 0.97
0.73 0.66 1.15
1.65 1.33 1.35
1.96 2.35 3.07
1.57 1.45 1.30
1.33 1.13 1.56
5.82 6.00 6.70
8.85 7.24 9.61
Manufactures
Total merchandise a
196
North America
Table A13 (continued)
Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - Brazil (Billion dollars)
exp Agricultural products
United States
imp
exp
imp
Argentina exp
imp
Japan exp
Mexico imp
China
World b
exp
imp
exp
imp
exp
imp
1998 1999 2000
7.36 6.91 6.85
0.82 0.62 0.65
1.80 2.00 1.90
0.75 0.48 0.50
0.53 0.47 0.51
3.01 2.32 2.26
0.94 0.92 0.90
0.02 0.01 0.02
0.08 0.07 0.10
0.06 0.05 0.04
0.57 0.29 0.53
0.04 0.04 0.03
17.06 15.98 15.47
7.15 5.13 5.16
Food
1998 1999 2000
6.59 6.09 5.78
0.68 0.48 0.48
1.30 1.40 1.20
0.42 0.24 0.15
0.45 0.39 0.44
2.80 2.13 2.12
0.74 0.71 0.64
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.07 0.05 0.08
0.05 0.04 0.03
0.55 0.23 0.44
0.03 0.03 0.02
15.14 13.80 12.81
5.87 4.08 3.99
Raw materials
1998 1999 2000
0.77 0.83 1.07
0.13 0.14 0.16
0.50 0.60 0.71
0.33 0.25 0.35
0.08 0.08 0.07
0.21 0.19 0.14
0.20 0.21 0.27
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.02
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.03 0.06 0.09
0.01 0.01 0.01
1.92 2.18 2.66
1.28 1.05 1.17
Mining products
1998 1999 2000
2.19 1.80 2.09
0.59 0.52 0.57
0.58 0.74 1.14
0.84 0.70 0.62
0.36 0.29 0.39
0.82 0.80 1.66
0.81 0.85 0.88
0.05 0.04 0.06
0.06 0.07 0.07
0.17 0.03 0.06
0.20 0.25 0.32
0.11 0.06 0.11
5.47 5.29 6.50
7.18 7.34 10.68
Ores and other minerals
1998 1999 2000
1.53 1.27 1.43
0.04 0.04 0.04
0.27 0.24 0.25
0.04 0.04 0.04
0.23 0.16 0.22
0.04 0.06 0.04
0.53 0.46 0.49
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.06 0.06 0.05
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.20 0.25 0.29
0.00 0.00 0.01
3.84 3.38 3.82
0.51 0.54 0.66
Fuels
1998 1999 2000
0.02 0.02 0.07
0.32 0.26 0.26
0.20 0.25 0.53
0.52 0.42 0.41
0.01 0.03 0.06
0.76 0.73 1.59
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.03 0.02 0.03
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.16 0.02 0.05
0.00 0.00 0.04
0.11 0.05 0.09
0.35 0.40 0.91
5.62 5.85 8.87
Non-ferrous metals
1998 1999 2000
0.63 0.51 0.60
0.23 0.22 0.27
0.12 0.26 0.36
0.29 0.24 0.18
0.12 0.10 0.11
0.02 0.02 0.03
0.28 0.39 0.39
0.02 0.02 0.03
0.00 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.01 0.01 0.01
1.28 1.50 1.77
1.06 0.96 1.15
1998 1999 2000
5.14 4.97 5.82
16.12 14.42 13.42
7.14 7.75 10.09
12.72 11.23 12.53
5.85 4.60 5.32
4.59 2.99 3.28
0.45 0.42 0.69
3.36 2.65 3.03
0.86 0.93 1.54
0.82 0.59 0.70
0.13 0.14 0.23
0.98 0.85 1.21
27.51 25.51 31.80
46.45 39.24 43.00
Iron and steel
1998 1999 2000
0.67 0.54 0.71
0.37 0.23 0.22
1.15 1.10 1.28
0.11 0.07 0.09
0.30 0.23 0.21
0.09 0.09 0.07
0.13 0.13 0.14
0.14 0.05 0.04
0.17 0.13 0.13
0.02 0.01 0.05
0.02 0.03 0.04
0.01 0.00 0.01
3.67 3.10 3.64
0.96 0.57 0.68
Chemicals
1998 1999 2000
0.60 0.50 0.61
3.37 3.37 3.38
0.42 0.47 0.64
3.31 3.07 3.15
0.89 0.77 0.86
0.57 0.59 0.70
0.17 0.14 0.14
0.29 0.28 0.29
0.07 0.07 0.08
0.30 0.29 0.25
0.01 0.02 0.05
0.14 0.15 0.22
3.19 3.02 3.57
10.05 9.70 10.56
Other semimanufactures
1998 1999 2000
1.10 1.09 1.17
1.34 1.02 1.08
0.86 1.06 1.12
0.86 0.62 0.65
0.73 0.65 0.72
0.33 0.23 0.26
0.05 0.04 0.05
0.16 0.14 0.17
0.07 0.07 0.09
0.05 0.02 0.02
0.02 0.04 0.04
0.07 0.04 0.06
4.35 4.35 4.77
3.56 2.68 2.99
Machinery and transport equipment
1998 1999 2000
2.14 2.22 2.66
9.69 8.67 7.60
3.36 3.69 5.28
7.07 6.34 7.41
3.31 2.33 2.80
3.20 1.79 1.92
0.05 0.04 0.29
2.48 1.95 2.26
0.48 0.61 1.18
0.38 0.22 0.33
0.04 0.03 0.09
0.38 0.40 0.61
12.60 11.39 15.53
26.70 22.24 24.27
Power generating machinery
1998 1999 2000
0.07 0.06 0.05
0.52 0.45 0.28
0.18 0.15 0.20
0.71 0.81 0.85
0.03 0.02 0.03
0.03 0.01 0.02
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.04 0.03 0.03
0.00 0.00 0.01
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.41 0.32 0.41
1.41 1.38 1.25
Other nonelectrical machinery
1998 1999 2000
0.42 0.41 0.44
4.03 3.49 2.89
0.77 0.76 0.80
1.84 1.35 1.38
0.57 0.39 0.38
0.22 0.18 0.21
0.03 0.02 0.02
0.79 0.57 0.54
0.10 0.10 0.15
0.03 0.02 0.02
0.02 0.02 0.03
0.05 0.06 0.06
2.85 2.41 2.64
7.64 6.18 5.68
Office and telecommunication equipment
1998 1999 2000
0.09 0.10 0.14
1.12 1.00 1.20
0.47 0.50 0.90
2.44 2.55 3.25
0.20 0.35 0.75
0.03 0.02 0.01
0.00 0.00 0.09
0.72 0.63 0.80
0.03 0.05 0.06
0.15 0.09 0.11
0.00 0.01 0.01
0.21 0.22 0.37
1.07 1.34 2.38
6.21 5.92 7.90
Electrical machinery and apparatus
1998 1999 2000
0.08 0.08 0.09
1.05 1.01 0.83
0.10 0.12 0.22
0.99 0.84 1.01
0.20 0.20 0.23
0.08 0.05 0.07
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.33 0.26 0.35
0.02 0.03 0.05
0.09 0.04 0.08
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.09 0.09 0.16
0.70 0.70 0.90
3.21 2.80 3.23
Automotive products
1998 1999 2000
0.99 0.91 0.72
1.97 1.64 1.44
0.48 0.56 0.77
0.58 0.31 0.34
2.16 1.28 1.26
2.78 1.49 1.56
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.44 0.35 0.40
0.26 0.38 0.87
0.10 0.06 0.11
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.00 0.00 0.00
5.21 3.87 4.68
6.35 4.10 4.31
Other transport equipment
1998 1999 2000
0.50 0.66 1.22
0.99 1.09 0.95
1.35 1.61 2.37
0.51 0.48 0.57
0.13 0.10 0.15
0.06 0.05 0.04
0.02 0.01 0.17
0.15 0.12 0.14
0.06 0.04 0.06
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.00 0.00 0.04
0.01 0.01 0.01
2.36 2.74 4.54
1.89 1.86 1.91
Textiles
1998 1999 2000
0.12 0.11 0.11
0.21 0.16 0.19
0.14 0.16 0.18
0.16 0.15 0.18
0.28 0.24 0.25
0.19 0.16 0.18
0.04 0.04 0.04
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.03 0.02 0.02
0.89 0.82 0.90
1.07 0.90 1.11
Clothing
1998 1999 2000
0.02 0.02 0.03
0.04 0.03 0.04
0.04 0.04 0.10
0.03 0.01 0.01
0.06 0.05 0.08
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.01 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.09 0.04 0.04
0.18 0.17 0.28
0.37 0.21 0.19
Other consumer goods
1998 1999 2000
0.48 0.49 0.53
1.10 0.93 0.91
1.17 1.23 1.49
1.19 0.97 1.05
0.29 0.33 0.40
0.20 0.12 0.13
0.02 0.03 0.03
0.27 0.21 0.26
0.06 0.04 0.05
0.04 0.03 0.04
0.04 0.01 0.01
0.27 0.18 0.25
2.63 2.66 3.11
3.75 2.95 3.20
1998 1999 2000
14.77 13.76 14.84
17.53 15.59 14.70
9.89 10.87 13.55
14.32 12.41 13.65
6.75 5.36 6.23
8.42 6.11 7.20
2.20 2.19 2.47
3.43 2.71 3.11
1.00 1.07 1.71
1.05 0.67 0.81
0.90 0.68 1.09
1.13 0.94 1.35
51.12 48.01 55.28
60.79 51.75 58.93
Manufactures
Total merchandise a
Appendix tables
EU (15)
a Includes unspecified products. b Includes unspecified destinations and origins. Note: For sources and methods, see the Technical Notes.
197
Table A14
Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - European Union (15) (Billion dollars) C./E. Europe/ North America
Latin America
Western Europe
exp
imp
exp
exp
1998 1999 2000
10.16 11.39 11.84
16.72 15.43 16.33
3.65 3.15 3.28
22.58 21.63 21.28
175.59 171.82 163.66
175.78 172.48 164.02
11.73 8.91 8.94
8.95 8.52 9.03
Food
1998 1999 2000
9.18 10.33 10.65
10.90 9.95 9.84
3.36 2.88 2.98
20.38 19.40 18.52
149.08 148.29 139.81
149.80 149.23 140.42
10.31 7.55 7.38
Raw materials
1998 1999 2000
0.99 1.06 1.19
5.82 5.48 6.48
0.29 0.27 0.30
2.20 2.23 2.76
26.50 23.53 23.86
25.98 23.25 23.61
Mining products
1998 1999 2000
6.26 8.36 14.89
9.17 7.46 8.67
1.34 1.17 1.29
8.88 8.69 10.92
75.88 77.76 97.70
Ores and other minerals
1998 1999 2000
0.52 0.61 0.69
3.24 2.88 3.38
0.11 0.10 0.14
3.63 3.33 3.61
Fuels
1998 1999 2000
3.49 5.47 10.88
2.78 2.22 2.49
0.79 0.66 0.63
Non-ferrous metals
1998 1999 2000
2.25 2.28 3.31
3.15 2.36 2.80
1998 1999 2000
171.85 189.20 208.86
Iron and steel
1998 1999 2000
Chemicals
Appendix tables
198
imp
exp
Asia
imp
exp
imp
8.15 7.06 7.09
14.03 13.30 12.15
5.33 5.65 5.60
1.94 1.84 1.88
11.54 12.85 13.47
17.45 16.33 16.75
4.55 4.39 4.46
6.97 6.09 6.15
11.06 10.72 9.50
4.91 5.22 5.14
1.32 1.34 1.26
9.40 10.11 10.24
12.42 11.99 11.83
1.42 1.35 1.57
4.41 4.13 4.56
1.17 0.97 0.94
2.97 2.59 2.65
0.43 0.43 0.47
0.62 0.50 0.62
2.14 2.74 3.24
5.03 4.34 4.92
88.39 92.78 122.65
3.39 3.31 3.90
21.25 24.67 36.81
2.20 1.96 2.91
21.87 23.93 37.27
1.33 1.32 1.73
16.51 18.78 28.80
3.15 4.04 5.12
6.16 5.58 6.62
11.24 10.53 11.17
11.53 11.15 11.83
0.44 0.41 0.45
2.94 2.54 2.86
0.24 0.22 0.23
2.28 2.44 2.18
0.18 0.16 0.18
0.29 0.23 0.26
0.97 1.34 1.63
2.82 2.50 2.75
2.51 2.90 4.36
39.29 43.03 60.48
49.24 54.83 81.51
1.67 1.59 1.84
12.58 16.85 26.72
1.44 1.31 2.18
18.24 20.16 33.25
0.47 0.63 1.03
15.86 18.17 28.21
0.38 0.81 0.95
1.97 1.82 2.20
0.44 0.41 0.53
2.74 2.46 2.95
25.34 24.20 26.05
27.61 26.79 29.30
1.27 1.30 1.61
5.73 5.28 7.22
0.52 0.43 0.50
1.35 1.32 1.85
0.69 0.53 0.52
0.35 0.38 0.34
1.80 1.89 2.53
1.37 1.26 1.67
161.68 169.65 184.80
49.95 44.00 45.94
11.42 12.00 13.74
1216.85 1223.95 1208.63
1181.72 1195.79 1174.80
103.96 94.94 105.28
67.92 72.59 80.08
48.05 45.18 44.61
18.81 19.31 21.56
46.29 43.21 45.43
11.70 11.86 13.32
138.30 141.36 159.72
245.01 259.49 287.08
4.68 4.14 5.31
0.76 0.76 0.80
1.43 1.03 1.10
1.13 1.08 1.35
50.71 44.83 47.02
49.78 44.15 46.35
2.89 2.73 2.90
4.88 3.86 4.71
1.80 1.24 1.26
1.09 0.93 1.21
1.70 1.14 1.23
0.12 0.07 0.17
2.65 2.43 2.70
2.92 1.81 2.46
1998 1999 2000
25.55 31.88 35.55
23.60 25.00 27.79
8.11 7.79 8.05
1.73 1.63 1.80
193.30 192.96 193.13
191.27 190.86 189.55
14.07 13.28 14.81
5.51 5.28 6.15
7.49 7.06 6.75
1.61 1.41 1.59
6.59 6.25 6.27
2.13 2.17 2.62
20.60 23.80 25.34
12.26 12.26 12.81
Other semimanufactures
1998 1999 2000
15.40 16.95 18.74
9.87 10.21 10.70
4.49 3.87 4.15
1.87 1.77 2.02
142.66 141.42 138.12
140.24 141.31 137.43
12.83 11.93 13.04
9.98 10.56 11.20
4.89 4.64 4.49
3.76 4.22 5.86
7.32 7.73 8.19
2.16 2.38 2.93
14.72 16.55 18.13
16.31 17.18 18.85
Machinery and transport equipment
1998 1999 2000
97.85 104.16 113.79
101.55 105.82 115.43
29.64 25.83 26.98
4.90 5.80 6.83
606.94 622.88 621.24
579.19 598.11 592.82
51.64 46.76 53.14
27.99 32.69 36.82
25.18 23.87 24.08
3.44 3.94 3.94
22.89 21.12 22.59
4.09 3.88 4.43
78.51 75.98 88.87
138.34 149.81 168.14
Power generating machinery
1998 1999 2000
11.47 13.16 13.85
12.77 14.50 16.22
1.32 1.04 1.09
0.21 0.16 0.20
16.79 18.35 17.19
16.36 17.62 16.57
1.22 1.09 1.15
1.02 1.05 1.18
1.26 1.18 1.30
0.18 0.19 0.25
1.72 1.62 1.83
0.86 1.01 0.68
4.43 4.48 5.26
2.53 2.86 2.98
Other nonelectrical machinery
1998 1999 2000
26.04 26.28 27.31
15.64 16.23 17.63
11.30 9.91 9.24
0.65 0.66 0.77
125.89 124.58 118.22
120.38 121.15 114.46
17.35 14.73 15.36
4.55 4.99 5.38
9.17 8.41 7.61
0.56 0.69 0.92
7.46 6.61 6.81
0.69 0.61 0.70
24.09 22.39 24.31
13.38 14.93 16.49
Office and telecommunication equipment
1998 1999 2000
14.36 16.04 19.26
35.83 39.03 45.05
3.57 3.42 3.77
0.90 1.42 2.07
151.60 161.88 172.06
144.35 153.41 162.60
9.80 10.23 12.97
5.47 6.67 8.22
5.09 4.91 5.44
0.67 0.68 0.53
3.58 4.01 4.78
1.38 1.42 1.95
21.55 23.47 30.84
75.05 81.48 94.57
Electrical machinery and apparatus
1998 1999 2000
7.96 8.87 10.27
9.59 10.38 11.83
3.21 2.67 2.63
0.47 0.51 0.64
65.43 65.31 63.25
64.30 64.40 62.26
8.86 8.03 9.06
5.46 6.06 6.85
3.15 3.08 2.91
0.82 0.95 1.06
3.28 3.05 3.05
0.46 0.50 0.59
8.65 8.96 10.41
17.09 19.08 23.76
Automotive products
1998 1999 2000
24.08 26.41 27.86
6.59 7.32 6.57
6.61 5.03 5.53
1.68 1.99 1.75
203.46 205.23 200.08
193.40 197.01 189.49
11.41 10.13 12.09
9.91 11.78 13.24
4.75 4.72 4.91
0.67 1.13 0.94
3.77 3.30 4.23
0.16 0.20 0.26
10.51 10.40 12.08
22.03 23.17 21.29
Other transport equipment
1998 1999 2000
13.94 13.40 15.23
21.13 18.36 18.13
3.63 3.75 4.72
0.98 1.07 1.40
43.77 47.54 50.45
40.40 44.52 47.44
3.01 2.55 2.51
1.58 2.14 1.95
1.77 1.57 1.90
0.55 0.29 0.23
3.09 2.53 1.89
0.54 0.15 0.26
9.28 6.29 5.98
8.27 8.29 9.06
Textiles
1998 1999 2000
2.85 3.00 3.24
1.97 1.76 1.72
0.85 0.69 0.74
0.29 0.24 0.22
42.94 38.41 34.97
42.51 38.40 34.88
7.01 6.63 6.93
2.41 2.38 2.68
3.55 3.40 3.23
0.81 0.69 0.75
1.10 0.91 0.86
0.79 0.76 0.75
3.19 3.19 3.50
9.08 8.47 8.72
Clothing
1998 1999 2000
2.81 2.87 3.09
0.81 0.69 0.61
0.49 0.42 0.43
0.33 0.33 0.35
40.80 40.13 37.19
44.53 43.64 40.76
3.10 2.75 2.88
9.05 8.89 8.85
1.04 0.96 0.97
6.62 6.58 6.64
1.24 1.06 1.06
0.81 0.81 0.77
3.01 2.73 2.80
24.46 25.86 27.81
Other consumer goods
1998 1999 2000
22.72 26.21 29.15
23.13 25.41 27.75
4.96 4.37 4.49
1.18 1.16 1.17
139.50 143.32 136.96
134.22 139.31 133.00
12.43 10.87 11.59
8.11 8.94 9.68
4.09 4.01 3.84
1.48 1.54 1.57
5.45 5.01 5.24
1.60 1.80 1.64
15.62 16.68 18.39
41.62 44.10 48.29
1998 1999 2000
191.57 212.00 239.00
191.01 194.80 212.00
57.14 50.04 51.57
42.99 42.44 46.12
1515.22 1523.10 1525.78
1497.41 1514.53 1520.93
123.67 110.79 121.60
100.12 106.26 126.60
60.03 55.67 55.79
58.40 58.33 72.46
55.71 51.20 53.80
30.29 32.60 44.12
158.80 163.16 182.79
269.53 282.00 311.19
Total merchandise a
exp
Middle East exp
Manufactures
imp
Africa imp
Agricultural products
imp
Baltic States/CIS
Table A14 (continued)
Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - European Union (15) (Billion dollars)
exp
United States
imp
exp
imp
World b
exp
imp
exp
imp
91.27 86.65 86.41
8.71 9.36 9.48
12.75 11.08 11.35
3.94 4.00 3.75
1.66 1.71 1.74
4.41 4.67 4.60
0.42 0.44 0.44
0.85 1.32 1.52
2.13 2.15 2.44
226.92 221.57 214.57
257.82 249.87 241.79
Food
1998 1999 2000
142.17 141.49 133.40
51.65 49.59 49.49
68.52 65.74 62.64
7.83 8.45 8.50
8.93 7.75 7.58
3.13 3.19 2.95
1.28 1.33 1.29
3.81 3.93 3.83
0.12 0.10 0.12
0.58 0.76 0.64
1.37 1.36 1.56
193.81 191.08 182.89
210.68 207.23 196.04
Raw materials
1998 1999 2000
24.39 21.73 21.98
8.72 8.77 9.69
22.75 20.91 23.77
0.88 0.91 0.98
3.82 3.33 3.77
0.80 0.80 0.80
0.38 0.38 0.44
0.60 0.74 0.76
0.30 0.34 0.32
0.27 0.56 0.87
0.76 0.79 0.88
33.11 30.50 31.68
47.14 42.64 45.75
Mining products
1998 1999 2000
68.01 70.26 88.48
28.97 30.31 41.56
109.22 114.24 169.74
5.77 7.43 13.27
6.49 4.85 5.67
4.06 3.70 4.43
2.12 2.10 2.46
0.77 0.85 1.06
0.46 0.40 0.50
0.31 0.78 0.98
1.13 0.99 1.24
96.98 100.57 130.04
177.23 184.50 258.22
Ores and other minerals
1998 1999 2000
10.20 9.65 10.20
3.56 3.77 4.37
16.58 15.47 16.78
0.41 0.47 0.52
1.80 1.44 1.81
0.28 0.25 0.26
0.37 0.52 0.56
0.23 0.28 0.24
0.08 0.09 0.12
0.16 0.33 0.52
0.35 0.29 0.34
13.76 13.43 14.57
26.78 25.13 26.98
Fuels
1998 1999 2000
34.47 38.17 54.20
16.36 17.76 25.98
73.56 81.30 130.89
3.25 4.95 9.80
2.36 1.72 1.94
2.60 2.41 2.97
0.41 0.43 0.45
0.06 0.05 0.06
0.06 0.04 0.04
0.02 0.26 0.19
0.41 0.36 0.43
50.82 55.93 80.18
108.03 119.47 185.09
Non-ferrous metals
1998 1999 2000
23.34 22.44 24.08
9.06 8.78 11.22
19.08 17.46 22.08
2.11 2.02 2.95
2.34 1.69 1.92
1.17 1.03 1.20
1.33 1.15 1.45
0.49 0.52 0.76
0.32 0.26 0.34
0.13 0.18 0.26
0.36 0.35 0.47
32.40 31.22 35.29
42.42 39.90 46.16
1998 1999 2000
1102.67 1114.57 1095.76
683.61 680.72 735.64
601.48 635.41 687.83
157.45 164.67 179.35
151.12 151.71 165.14
53.04 53.54 52.24
46.48 46.67 44.61
28.59 31.38 34.69
79.44 82.79 85.39
16.58 19.26 23.87
41.29 47.15 57.47
1786.28 1795.29 1831.40
1704.15 1749.98 1783.59
Iron and steel
1998 1999 2000
46.69 41.53 43.49
19.30 16.10 18.11
14.05 11.17 13.60
4.04 3.39 4.27
0.65 0.62 0.66
1.57 1.38 1.55
0.75 0.70 0.76
0.14 0.12 0.16
0.52 0.39 0.41
0.43 0.41 0.50
0.36 0.22 0.37
65.99 57.64 61.60
60.74 52.70 57.09
Chemicals
1998 1999 2000
175.39 174.68 174.57
103.59 111.72 118.58
63.71 64.79 68.52
23.35 28.03 30.96
22.62 22.98 25.62
9.86 10.25 9.92
12.74 12.54 11.32
5.89 7.17 7.56
4.95 5.07 5.08
1.44 1.86 2.47
2.29 2.25 2.51
278.98 286.40 293.15
239.10 239.47 243.09
Other semimanufactures
1998 1999 2000
128.68 128.38 124.79
74.11 75.20 80.45
55.92 59.53 64.49
14.01 14.52 16.01
8.65 8.06 8.53
6.86 6.38 6.65
7.37 8.24 7.94
2.09 2.23 2.40
2.97 3.08 3.03
1.18 1.51 2.01
3.48 4.11 5.00
202.79 203.58 205.25
184.60 187.91 189.28
Machinery and transport equipment
1998 1999 2000
554.19 572.65 567.70
364.76 356.65 391.20
308.80 334.87 367.21
89.92 90.58 97.44
94.79 94.83 103.11
21.06 22.03 21.09
15.37 14.82 14.45
13.06 14.14 16.36
60.46 64.06 66.40
12.34 13.99 16.94
12.91 15.75 21.24
918.95 929.31 958.91
862.99 907.52 934.91
Power generating machinery
1998 1999 2000
14.78 16.05 14.96
23.44 24.86 26.70
19.51 21.41 23.57
10.34 11.05 11.75
11.68 12.79 14.62
0.96 1.25 1.18
0.99 1.00 1.00
0.40 0.40 0.47
0.91 0.95 0.95
0.73 0.89 1.02
0.49 0.54 0.64
38.21 40.92 41.66
34.29 37.46 38.53
Other nonelectrical machinery
1998 1999 2000
110.21 111.14 104.64
111.47 102.21 104.49
46.00 48.32 54.86
23.53 22.43 22.95
14.50 14.40 15.78
5.74 5.55 5.63
8.14 7.90 7.60
2.91 2.73 3.09
8.76 9.68 10.50
4.75 5.26 5.91
1.06 1.37 1.78
221.68 213.35 209.14
156.21 159.47 159.50
Office and telecommunication equipment
1998 1999 2000
140.93 149.85 158.75
69.35 75.42 94.21
123.78 135.27 157.01
13.58 13.83 15.94
33.92 35.43 40.19
4.61 5.08 5.38
1.55 1.63 1.72
2.68 3.26 4.27
22.09 23.42 25.21
3.32 4.11 5.42
7.36 8.74 11.89
210.28 225.27 252.95
264.72 285.12 315.75
Electrical machinery and apparatus
1998 1999 2000
59.17 59.35 57.31
41.68 40.93 45.38
39.63 43.11 50.95
7.44 7.79 8.82
9.15 9.55 10.93
2.59 2.63 2.56
3.15 3.04 2.88
1.31 1.43 1.64
6.51 7.31 8.86
1.18 1.57 2.07
3.47 4.46 5.99
100.85 100.28 102.69
98.79 102.45 108.26
Automotive products
1998 1999 2000
190.62 193.69 186.15
74.01 71.57 80.69
44.25 49.22 47.73
22.87 24.01 24.91
5.75 5.89 5.50
4.98 4.98 4.76
0.70 0.68 0.66
5.01 5.58 5.91
17.75 17.90 16.12
0.65 0.55 0.99
0.09 0.14 0.16
264.62 265.26 266.84
234.86 242.91 233.88
Other transport equipment
1998 1999 2000
38.48 42.56 45.89
44.82 41.67 39.74
35.64 37.54 33.09
12.16 11.46 13.06
19.78 16.77 16.09
2.18 2.54 1.59
0.84 0.57 0.60
0.74 0.73 0.97
4.43 4.80 4.76
1.72 1.60 1.53
0.43 0.51 0.78
83.31 84.23 85.63
74.12 80.10 78.98
Textiles
1998 1999 2000
38.79 34.79 31.39
23.07 21.82 22.30
19.23 17.98 18.39
2.52 2.55 2.72
1.83 1.56 1.53
1.26 1.17 1.07
1.36 1.19 1.10
0.77 0.68 0.71
0.79 0.78 0.69
0.21 0.26 0.33
1.55 1.54 1.87
61.86 56.61 53.68
58.02 52.77 49.77
Clothing
1998 1999 2000
36.67 36.10 33.46
15.82 14.83 14.97
50.11 50.82 52.45
2.54 2.49 2.65
0.73 0.58 0.51
2.39 2.31 2.12
0.39 0.36 0.30
1.68 1.50 1.44
0.14 0.14 0.14
0.05 0.06 0.06
6.85 7.62 8.10
52.49 50.93 48.43
86.79 86.92 85.91
Other consumer goods
1998 1999 2000
122.26 126.44 120.36
82.96 84.38 90.02
89.66 96.25 103.17
21.07 23.12 25.32
21.86 23.09 25.17
10.04 10.01 9.83
8.48 8.81 8.74
4.97 5.54 6.06
9.62 9.27 9.64
0.92 1.17 1.56
13.85 15.65 18.38
205.22 210.82 210.38
211.92 222.69 223.53
1998 1999 2000
1380.74 1395.06 1392.34
813.85 801.71 858.90
824.72 853.19 965.67
174.90 184.11 204.87
173.87 169.90 184.27
62.22 62.19 61.87
53.82 52.37 51.01
34.50 37.70 41.20
80.62 83.94 86.66
19.02 23.00 27.80
44.57 50.32 61.19
2194.60 2196.77 2251.25
2209.45 2252.28 2362.03
1384.73 1399.09 1396.36
exp
China
60.36 58.35 59.18
Total merchandise a
imp
Japan
166.55 163.22 155.38
Manufactures
exp
Switzerland
1998 1999 2000
Agricultural products
imp
Extra-EU
exp
imp
Appendix tables
Intra-EU
a Includes unspecified products. b Includes unspecified destinations and origins. Note: The figures are affected by the "INTRASTAT" system of recording trade between EU member States. Unspecified products account for 3.9 per cent of total intra-EU trade, and intra-EU imports are under-recorded. To compensate for this under-recording, intra-EU exports have been used to obtain total (World) imports. Major trading partners were selected on the basis of 1999 data. 2000 exports and imports have been partly estimated by the Secretariat. See the Technical Notes.
199
Table A15
Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - France (Billion dollars) C./E. Europe/
Agricultural products
Appendix tables
Latin America
Western Europe
exp
exp
exp
imp
imp
imp
Baltic States/CIS exp
imp
Africa
Middle East
exp
imp
exp
imp
Asia exp
imp
1998 1999 2000
2.22 2.44 2.35
1.64 1.45 1.58
0.51 0.49 0.49
2.57 2.36 2.44
31.25 29.81 27.21
23.19 22.45 21.16
1.04 0.86 0.77
0.64 0.61 0.66
2.39 1.92 2.04
2.79 2.56 2.36
1.13 1.32 1.08
0.30 0.29 0.26
2.52 2.50 2.55
1.87 1.66 1.74
Food
1998 1999 2000
2.12 2.33 2.24
0.97 0.82 0.76
0.48 0.45 0.45
2.26 2.04 1.99
28.52 27.31 24.56
20.08 19.33 17.91
0.95 0.78 0.66
0.38 0.37 0.35
2.27 1.81 1.94
2.30 2.09 1.88
1.10 1.29 1.05
0.26 0.26 0.24
2.29 2.25 2.23
1.22 1.16 1.18
Raw materials
1998 1999 2000
0.10 0.11 0.11
0.67 0.63 0.82
0.04 0.04 0.04
0.32 0.32 0.45
2.73 2.50 2.65
3.11 3.11 3.25
0.09 0.08 0.10
0.26 0.24 0.30
0.12 0.11 0.10
0.49 0.46 0.48
0.03 0.03 0.03
0.04 0.03 0.03
0.22 0.25 0.32
0.65 0.50 0.56
Mining products
1998 1999 2000
0.56 0.42 0.85
0.85 0.77 0.92
0.13 0.09 0.17
1.16 1.15 1.50
10.03 9.97 11.77
12.24 12.93 19.13
0.16 0.16 0.17
2.46 2.97 4.82
0.48 0.41 0.61
3.70 3.71 5.73
0.17 0.15 0.19
3.76 4.23 6.84
0.32 0.30 0.33
0.76 0.72 0.85
Ores and other minerals
1998 1999 2000
0.04 0.05 0.06
0.19 0.18 0.16
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.37 0.33 0.36
1.43 1.45 1.66
1.28 1.16 1.30
0.02 0.02 0.02
0.08 0.07 0.04
0.04 0.03 0.03
0.35 0.31 0.32
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.02 0.02
0.04 0.04 0.05
0.27 0.25 0.28
Fuels
1998 1999 2000
0.26 0.18 0.58
0.36 0.33 0.39
0.08 0.05 0.13
0.31 0.35 0.47
5.31 5.59 6.79
7.04 8.02 13.47
0.08 0.08 0.10
1.86 2.47 4.13
0.32 0.26 0.48
3.04 3.18 5.14
0.09 0.09 0.14
3.73 4.19 6.80
0.06 0.07 0.09
0.33 0.31 0.34
Non-ferrous metals
1998 1999 2000
0.26 0.19 0.20
0.29 0.27 0.37
0.04 0.03 0.03
0.48 0.46 0.67
3.28 2.93 3.33
3.92 3.76 4.36
0.06 0.05 0.05
0.53 0.44 0.65
0.12 0.12 0.11
0.30 0.23 0.27
0.07 0.05 0.05
0.02 0.02 0.02
0.21 0.19 0.19
0.15 0.16 0.23
1998 1999 2000
21.28 22.80 25.37
24.44 24.52 26.77
6.92 5.54 6.54
1.44 1.44 1.77
160.64 163.38 162.28
156.83 154.87 158.82
8.22 7.93 9.28
4.97 5.61 6.95
13.30 12.93 12.94
4.90 4.75 4.66
5.58 6.52 6.23
0.85 0.81 0.92
20.98 18.73 20.10
29.85 31.93 36.86
Iron and steel
1998 1999 2000
0.75 0.65 0.95
0.10 0.08 0.09
0.20 0.17 0.18
0.17 0.11 0.18
7.27 6.84 7.09
7.89 6.86 7.92
0.18 0.17 0.25
0.25 0.15 0.20
0.43 0.27 0.31
0.16 0.13 0.15
0.21 0.15 0.22
0.00 0.00 0.01
0.39 0.36 0.36
0.14 0.08 0.13
Chemicals
1998 1999 2000
2.91 3.31 3.70
3.88 4.11 4.47
1.19 1.15 1.24
0.25 0.21 0.25
26.95 27.67 28.08
27.93 27.86 29.51
1.83 1.72 1.86
0.86 0.74 0.83
2.32 2.26 2.16
0.51 0.44 0.43
1.00 0.96 0.98
0.21 0.22 0.22
2.80 3.27 3.44
1.78 1.86 1.94
Other semimanufactures
1998 1999 2000
1.68 1.71 1.82
1.03 1.00 1.06
0.48 0.38 0.39
0.13 0.15 0.15
17.86 17.42 16.68
19.32 19.04 19.09
0.70 0.73 0.79
0.54 0.60 0.68
1.14 1.10 0.99
0.16 0.16 0.18
0.45 0.41 0.45
0.11 0.08 0.09
1.15 1.23 1.28
1.51 1.61 1.73
Machinery and transport equipment
1998 1999 2000
13.06 14.11 15.50
15.61 15.57 17.04
4.44 3.34 4.24
0.63 0.69 0.88
83.70 86.94 87.05
73.95 74.05 76.06
4.18 4.04 4.94
1.97 2.58 3.48
6.84 6.87 7.11
0.87 0.91 0.85
3.02 4.10 3.67
0.31 0.27 0.34
13.52 10.52 11.35
16.05 17.61 20.97
Power generating machinery
1998 1999 2000
2.91 3.15 3.45
3.44 3.85 4.41
0.19 0.18 0.12
0.01 0.00 0.01
2.70 2.76 2.07
2.55 2.01 1.94
0.09 0.09 0.11
0.06 0.06 0.09
0.29 0.29 0.31
0.02 0.02 0.02
0.21 0.21 0.22
0.03 0.02 0.02
0.55 0.62 0.61
0.11 0.13 0.18
Other nonelectrical machinery
1998 1999 2000
2.67 2.34 2.34
2.34 2.35 2.73
0.97 0.79 0.73
0.06 0.06 0.08
14.18 13.92 13.01
17.94 17.53 17.16
1.09 0.99 0.96
0.27 0.32 0.34
1.97 1.76 1.67
0.05 0.05 0.09
0.77 0.73 0.68
0.07 0.06 0.07
2.34 1.93 1.96
1.55 1.71 2.08
Office and telecommunication equipment
1998 1999 2000
1.95 2.06 2.04
5.43 4.68 5.76
0.57 0.52 0.64
0.16 0.14 0.13
19.22 18.57 20.79
13.27 13.05 14.42
1.13 1.20 1.64
0.74 1.02 1.65
1.71 1.70 1.84
0.45 0.43 0.29
0.66 0.58 0.60
0.13 0.10 0.12
3.47 3.39 4.48
9.93 10.42 12.98
Electrical machinery and apparatus
1998 1999 2000
0.88 1.02 1.25
1.22 1.22 1.44
0.61 0.40 0.40
0.11 0.11 0.13
8.19 7.99 7.83
8.21 8.02 8.17
0.64 0.56 0.73
0.39 0.48 0.55
1.07 1.02 1.00
0.28 0.32 0.36
0.71 0.60 0.57
0.06 0.06 0.09
1.32 1.31 1.42
2.00 2.31 3.10
Automotive products
1998 1999 2000
1.02 1.10 0.94
0.37 0.44 0.44
1.04 0.94 1.08
0.19 0.13 0.14
33.12 34.34 34.02
25.68 27.09 27.12
1.01 0.99 1.18
0.43 0.60 0.77
1.37 1.38 1.47
0.05 0.07 0.07
0.48 0.39 0.53
0.00 0.01 0.01
0.61 0.53 0.67
1.44 1.64 1.53
Other transport equipment
1998 1999 2000
3.62 4.44 5.48
2.81 3.02 2.27
1.06 0.51 1.27
0.09 0.25 0.39
6.28 9.35 9.33
6.31 6.36 7.25
0.21 0.22 0.32
0.07 0.09 0.08
0.43 0.72 0.83
0.02 0.02 0.02
0.20 1.61 1.08
0.02 0.03 0.02
5.22 2.74 2.21
1.02 1.39 1.11
Textiles
1998 1999 2000
0.29 0.29 0.32
0.18 0.18 0.20
0.08 0.07 0.07
0.04 0.03 0.03
5.15 4.66 4.36
5.81 5.28 4.98
0.41 0.45 0.50
0.14 0.15 0.19
1.18 1.10 1.06
0.17 0.14 0.16
0.13 0.13 0.12
0.05 0.05 0.05
0.32 0.32 0.33
1.00 0.97 1.06
Clothing
1998 1999 2000
0.30 0.29 0.33
0.10 0.06 0.05
0.06 0.05 0.05
0.04 0.03 0.04
4.01 4.05 3.73
4.38 4.15 3.83
0.23 0.24 0.25
0.76 0.83 0.86
0.27 0.26 0.24
2.62 2.53 2.41
0.23 0.20 0.20
0.08 0.08 0.10
0.64 0.60 0.63
3.49 3.73 4.04
Other consumer goods
1998 1999 2000
2.30 2.45 2.75
3.54 3.52 3.86
0.47 0.39 0.38
0.18 0.22 0.24
15.70 15.80 15.29
17.53 17.62 17.43
0.67 0.59 0.68
0.46 0.56 0.71
1.11 1.07 1.07
0.41 0.44 0.48
0.52 0.56 0.60
0.10 0.10 0.11
2.17 2.43 2.71
5.86 6.06 6.99
1998 1999 2000
24.64 26.17 29.06
26.97 26.76 29.28
7.84 6.32 7.40
5.18 4.95 5.70
206.98 207.82 205.83
192.74 190.72 199.50
9.63 9.12 10.43
8.08 9.19 12.43
16.53 15.51 15.83
11.41 11.05 12.79
7.13 8.11 7.62
4.92 5.33 8.03
24.46 22.15 23.62
32.49 34.31 39.46
Manufactures
Total merchandise a
200
North America
Table A15 (continued)
Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - France (Billion dollars) Extra-EU
United States
imp
World b
exp
imp
exp
imp
exp
imp
exp
imp
exp
imp
22.06 21.32 20.13
11.38 10.96 10.61
11.15 10.26 10.26
1.88 2.09 2.00
1.26 1.06 1.09
1.03 1.05 0.95
0.27 0.31 0.29
1.12 0.89 0.97
0.04 0.04 0.05
0.19 0.27 0.31
0.26 0.25 0.26
41.07 39.34 36.52
33.21 31.58 30.39
Food
1998 1999 2000
27.12 26.02 23.39
19.08 18.33 17.03
10.62 10.20 9.77
8.55 7.93 7.45
1.79 2.00 1.90
0.82 0.68 0.62
0.93 0.96 0.86
0.23 0.26 0.23
1.09 0.86 0.93
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.13 0.18 0.16
0.21 0.21 0.22
37.74 36.22 33.16
27.63 26.26 24.48
Raw materials
1998 1999 2000
2.57 2.36 2.51
2.98 2.98 3.10
0.76 0.76 0.85
2.60 2.34 2.81
0.09 0.10 0.10
0.44 0.39 0.47
0.10 0.09 0.09
0.05 0.05 0.06
0.03 0.03 0.04
0.03 0.04 0.04
0.06 0.08 0.15
0.05 0.04 0.04
3.33 3.12 3.36
5.58 5.32 5.91
Mining products
1998 1999 2000
8.11 8.22 9.82
8.72 9.25 12.33
3.80 3.31 4.36
16.33 17.30 27.55
0.49 0.38 0.82
0.61 0.56 0.65
1.62 1.42 1.66
0.34 0.31 0.32
0.08 0.06 0.07
0.05 0.04 0.06
0.04 0.05 0.04
0.18 0.16 0.17
11.91 11.53 14.18
25.05 26.55 39.88
Ores and other minerals
1998 1999 2000
1.35 1.37 1.57
1.22 1.10 1.21
0.24 0.25 0.28
1.35 1.21 1.27
0.04 0.05 0.06
0.04 0.04 0.04
0.06 0.06 0.06
0.03 0.02 0.03
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.00 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.02 0.02
1.59 1.62 1.85
2.57 2.31 2.48
Fuels
1998 1999 2000
3.70 4.09 5.08
4.10 4.86 7.32
2.58 2.26 3.29
12.61 14.00 23.45
0.22 0.16 0.57
0.33 0.29 0.32
1.40 1.25 1.50
0.10 0.10 0.09
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.00
0.14 0.10 0.11
6.28 6.35 8.37
16.71 18.86 30.77
Non-ferrous metals
1998 1999 2000
3.06 2.76 3.17
3.40 3.28 3.80
0.99 0.80 0.79
2.37 2.10 2.83
0.23 0.17 0.19
0.24 0.24 0.29
0.16 0.12 0.10
0.21 0.19 0.21
0.06 0.04 0.04
0.04 0.03 0.04
0.03 0.03 0.03
0.03 0.04 0.05
4.05 3.56 3.96
5.77 5.38 6.63
1998 1999 2000
147.32 149.25 148.66
147.28 145.43 149.05
92.79 89.29 96.33
79.90 82.49 91.11
19.37 20.09 23.28
23.43 23.55 25.61
7.40 8.22 7.22
6.44 6.36 6.38
3.32 3.43 3.88
9.42 10.15 11.63
2.96 2.87 2.60
6.77 7.63 9.44
240.11 238.54 244.99
227.18 227.92 240.16
Iron and steel
1998 1999 2000
6.88 6.52 6.70
7.67 6.69 7.73
2.57 2.10 2.66
1.07 0.77 0.98
0.64 0.54 0.78
0.08 0.07 0.07
0.20 0.17 0.22
0.09 0.09 0.10
0.01 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.02 0.01
0.09 0.07 0.06
0.02 0.01 0.02
9.45 8.62 9.36
8.74 7.46 8.71
Chemicals
1998 1999 2000
24.61 25.29 25.82
25.32 25.30 27.15
14.39 15.05 15.67
10.48 10.55 10.85
2.65 3.06 3.44
3.79 4.05 4.37
1.60 1.54 1.44
2.46 2.42 2.22
0.77 0.94 0.93
0.83 0.78 0.86
0.15 0.18 0.24
0.32 0.36 0.31
39.00 40.34 41.49
35.80 35.85 38.00
Other semimanufactures
1998 1999 2000
16.47 16.10 15.43
18.42 18.07 18.00
6.99 6.88 6.97
4.58 4.78 5.15
1.51 1.53 1.61
0.92 0.89 0.95
0.80 0.81 0.77
0.62 0.62 0.74
0.25 0.30 0.32
0.38 0.39 0.39
0.12 0.12 0.12
0.41 0.47 0.56
23.46 22.98 22.40
23.00 22.85 23.15
Machinery and transport equipment
1998 1999 2000
77.38 79.62 80.11
70.63 70.79 72.37
54.56 50.97 55.95
41.34 43.56 49.49
12.02 12.32 14.43
15.01 14.96 16.30
2.80 3.65 2.77
1.95 1.92 2.01
0.95 0.83 1.11
6.72 7.52 8.81
2.48 2.35 2.00
2.27 2.59 3.65
131.94 130.59 136.06
111.97 114.35 121.86
Power generating machinery
1998 1999 2000
2.46 2.48 1.80
2.38 1.82 1.64
4.48 4.82 5.08
4.20 4.80 5.10
2.78 2.86 3.37
3.31 3.73 4.27
0.14 0.17 0.16
0.09 0.10 0.11
0.04 0.03 0.04
0.05 0.05 0.06
0.14 0.28 0.20
0.03 0.03 0.05
6.94 7.30 6.88
6.58 6.62 6.74
Other nonelectrical machinery
1998 1999 2000
12.86 12.80 12.00
16.70 16.35 15.99
11.14 9.66 9.35
5.86 6.00 6.79
2.43 2.08 2.12
2.27 2.28 2.64
0.56 0.52 0.54
1.12 1.08 1.06
0.28 0.26 0.30
1.11 1.18 1.49
0.43 0.37 0.40
0.12 0.14 0.18
24.00 22.46 21.35
22.56 22.35 22.78
Office and telecommunication equipment
1998 1999 2000
17.90 17.15 19.12
12.83 12.65 13.90
10.89 11.23 13.30
18.13 17.99 22.21
1.86 1.90 1.92
5.29 4.52 5.46
0.56 0.51 0.51
0.14 0.13 0.17
0.20 0.23 0.24
3.09 3.33 4.24
0.42 0.37 0.54
1.50 1.56 2.27
28.79 28.38 32.42
30.96 30.64 36.11
Electrical machinery and apparatus
1998 1999 2000
7.50 7.32 7.20
7.59 7.37 7.49
6.02 5.77 6.16
4.87 5.38 6.56
0.80 0.89 1.10
1.18 1.18 1.40
0.30 0.30 0.28
0.44 0.46 0.48
0.12 0.11 0.15
0.69 0.77 1.15
0.22 0.28 0.33
0.58 0.78 1.05
13.52 13.09 13.36
12.46 12.75 14.05
Automotive products
1998 1999 2000
31.15 32.34 31.73
24.93 26.35 26.27
7.51 7.32 8.16
3.64 4.03 4.26
1.00 1.08 0.91
0.36 0.40 0.40
0.68 0.70 0.60
0.08 0.09 0.07
0.14 0.14 0.21
1.19 1.34 1.21
0.14 0.10 0.11
0.01 0.02 0.02
38.66 39.66 39.89
28.57 30.38 30.53
Other transport equipment
1998 1999 2000
5.51 7.52 8.27
6.20 6.25 7.06
14.51 12.19 13.89
4.65 5.37 4.59
3.14 3.52 5.01
2.60 2.84 2.13
0.57 1.45 0.68
0.07 0.06 0.12
0.17 0.06 0.18
0.59 0.84 0.65
1.14 0.96 0.42
0.04 0.05 0.07
20.02 19.71 22.16
10.85 11.62 11.65
Textiles
1998 1999 2000
4.85 4.38 4.06
5.40 4.89 4.59
2.72 2.65 2.70
2.10 2.02 2.16
0.26 0.26 0.29
0.18 0.17 0.19
0.12 0.11 0.10
0.16 0.14 0.14
0.08 0.07 0.07
0.12 0.12 0.13
0.02 0.02 0.02
0.21 0.21 0.28
7.57 7.03 6.76
7.50 6.91 6.75
Clothing
1998 1999 2000
3.57 3.63 3.34
3.64 3.45 3.16
2.18 2.06 2.09
8.01 8.11 8.32
0.26 0.26 0.30
0.10 0.06 0.05
0.31 0.30 0.27
0.04 0.03 0.02
0.36 0.33 0.33
0.03 0.04 0.04
0.01 0.01 0.01
1.05 1.23 1.31
5.75 5.69 5.43
11.65 11.56 11.48
Other consumer goods
1998 1999 2000
13.56 13.70 13.19
16.19 16.23 16.04
9.39 9.59 10.30
12.31 12.71 14.16
2.02 2.12 2.42
3.34 3.35 3.68
1.58 1.64 1.65
1.11 1.13 1.14
0.88 0.95 1.10
1.32 1.28 1.40
0.10 0.13 0.16
2.50 2.76 3.30
22.95 23.29 23.49
28.50 28.94 30.20
1998 1999 2000
189.76 190.14 188.60
178.49 176.45 181.88
115.69 108.73 115.57
108.32 110.89 129.68
22.27 23.03 26.54
25.35 25.19 27.36
10.35 10.96 10.08
7.10 7.00 7.02
4.67 4.54 5.10
9.52 10.24 11.75
3.31 3.26 3.04
7.22 8.05 9.87
305.45 298.87 304.17
286.81 287.34 311.56
Total merchandise a
exp
China
29.69 28.38 25.91
Manufactures
imp
Japan
1998 1999 2000
Agricultural products
exp
Switzerland
Appendix tables
Intra-EU (15)
a Includes unspecified products. b Includes unspecified destinations and origins. Note: In this table figures refer to the combined trade of France and her overseas departments (French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Reunion). For sources and methods, see the Technical Notes.
201
Table A16
Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - Germany (Billion dollars) C./E. Europe/ North America
Latin America
Western Europe
exp
imp
exp
imp
exp
imp
exp
imp
exp
imp
exp
imp
exp
imp
1998 1999 2000
0.95 0.92 0.94
3.14 2.61 2.69
0.29 0.27 0.30
5.00 4.56 4.25
23.75 23.06 20.48
34.67 32.85 26.89
3.76 2.83 2.64
2.85 2.70 2.71
0.65 0.67 0.64
1.90 1.71 1.38
0.57 0.73 1.03
0.38 0.33 0.30
1.33 1.40 1.40
3.88 3.43 3.25
Food
1998 1999 2000
0.78 0.80 0.78
1.95 1.61 1.45
0.20 0.19 0.20
4.61 4.16 3.79
20.22 19.74 17.30
28.82 27.54 22.15
3.19 2.30 2.03
1.87 1.72 1.80
0.52 0.54 0.52
1.60 1.46 1.11
0.50 0.67 0.98
0.25 0.24 0.20
0.98 0.92 0.84
2.79 2.57 2.33
Raw materials
1998 1999 2000
0.17 0.13 0.16
1.19 1.00 1.24
0.09 0.08 0.09
0.39 0.40 0.47
3.53 3.32 3.18
5.85 5.31 4.73
0.57 0.54 0.61
0.98 0.98 0.92
0.13 0.12 0.13
0.31 0.25 0.26
0.07 0.06 0.06
0.12 0.10 0.09
0.35 0.48 0.56
1.09 0.85 0.92
Mining products
1998 1999 2000
1.00 1.11 1.46
1.53 1.26 1.40
0.31 0.31 0.44
2.00 1.76 1.99
12.19 11.59 13.39
19.54 18.46 26.56
1.14 1.25 1.52
6.63 7.86 11.79
0.17 0.14 0.20
3.55 4.09 6.31
0.18 0.18 0.19
1.31 1.69 2.74
0.88 1.02 1.29
1.19 1.03 1.22
Ores and other minerals
1998 1999 2000
0.04 0.05 0.11
0.67 0.60 0.71
0.02 0.02 0.02
1.15 1.00 1.01
2.85 2.47 2.58
2.27 2.18 2.45
0.12 0.12 0.13
1.24 0.97 1.16
0.02 0.02 0.03
0.38 0.41 0.52
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.04 0.04 0.03
0.19 0.27 0.28
0.64 0.52 0.52
Fuels
1998 1999 2000
0.22 0.33 0.41
0.27 0.16 0.19
0.04 0.07 0.12
0.34 0.37 0.43
2.54 2.82 4.16
10.88 10.55 17.51
0.40 0.46 0.58
3.58 5.16 8.27
0.05 0.04 0.05
2.79 3.28 5.14
0.02 0.03 0.03
1.20 1.60 2.66
0.06 0.07 0.07
0.22 0.19 0.31
Non-ferrous metals
1998 1999 2000
0.73 0.73 0.96
0.59 0.50 0.49
0.25 0.22 0.31
0.52 0.39 0.57
6.80 6.30 6.66
6.39 5.74 6.61
0.63 0.67 0.82
1.81 1.73 2.35
0.09 0.08 0.13
0.38 0.39 0.66
0.14 0.14 0.15
0.08 0.05 0.05
0.63 0.68 0.93
0.33 0.32 0.39
1998 1999 2000
51.38 54.54 56.03
34.66 36.31 39.51
13.29 12.87 12.48
2.52 2.78 2.85
294.12 293.12 278.40
207.16 203.17 180.70
45.01 40.85 44.09
31.72 34.38 36.41
8.99 8.44 7.80
2.91 3.23 3.01
9.33 8.98 9.31
1.70 1.84 2.23
39.45 39.79 44.19
61.70 63.52 71.03
Iron and steel
1998 1999 2000
1.22 1.04 1.24
0.14 0.13 0.18
0.44 0.31 0.32
0.16 0.07 0.11
11.07 8.97 9.22
10.22 8.78 8.53
1.37 1.36 1.20
1.73 1.33 1.55
0.31 0.22 0.21
0.16 0.15 0.18
0.37 0.28 0.31
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.82 0.71 0.73
0.34 0.27 0.29
Chemicals
1998 1999 2000
7.44 8.07 6.93
4.68 4.66 5.17
2.52 2.41 2.38
0.36 0.32 0.38
42.37 41.61 40.46
35.03 36.74 33.71
5.60 5.32 5.75
1.70 1.61 1.84
1.19 1.10 0.99
0.10 0.13 0.16
1.41 1.41 1.40
0.25 0.38 0.50
6.36 6.99 7.54
2.64 2.48 2.55
Other semimanufactures
1998 1999 2000
2.81 3.11 3.28
1.98 1.73 1.67
1.09 1.02 1.05
0.26 0.26 0.26
30.49 29.82 27.34
26.03 24.79 21.15
5.29 5.15 5.43
4.54 4.80 4.97
0.74 0.72 0.64
0.14 0.12 0.12
0.74 0.70 0.67
0.19 0.18 0.16
2.38 2.55 2.72
3.53 3.63 3.87
Machinery and transport equipment
1998 1999 2000
34.92 36.94 39.20
22.89 24.83 27.15
8.08 8.01 7.62
1.30 1.71 1.70
165.09 168.21 161.21
93.48 93.47 84.56
23.92 20.86 23.86
14.29 17.09 18.61
5.49 5.20 4.83
0.82 1.31 1.20
5.78 5.60 5.95
0.53 0.56 0.95
25.46 24.93 28.50
36.16 37.94 44.46
Power generating machinery
1998 1999 2000
2.32 2.52 3.04
3.44 4.25 5.27
0.28 0.20 0.28
0.03 0.04 0.03
4.15 4.37 4.07
2.52 2.91 2.80
0.57 0.51 0.52
0.60 0.61 0.65
0.21 0.21 0.27
0.02 0.02 0.07
0.30 0.29 0.29
0.06 0.05 0.03
0.87 0.89 1.28
0.58 0.61 0.70
Other nonelectrical machinery
1998 1999 2000
10.10 9.53 9.47
3.14 3.14 3.50
3.73 3.35 3.05
0.23 0.23 0.27
40.45 39.51 36.20
19.36 19.06 16.20
8.43 6.92 7.30
2.50 2.80 3.05
1.92 1.84 1.52
0.18 0.24 0.27
2.00 1.68 1.69
0.07 0.10 0.10
9.68 8.66 9.08
3.04 3.22 3.74
Office and telecommunication equipment
1998 1999 2000
1.90 2.30 2.97
8.59 9.11 9.61
0.51 0.49 0.53
0.09 0.14 0.23
24.33 26.22 30.03
18.55 19.94 18.20
3.04 3.21 3.98
1.50 2.09 2.35
0.84 0.66 0.64
0.05 0.05 0.04
0.62 0.73 0.68
0.22 0.24 0.44
4.41 4.89 6.30
20.26 21.50 26.66
Electrical machinery and apparatus
1998 1999 2000
2.99 3.23 3.47
2.17 2.33 2.51
0.92 0.82 0.80
0.13 0.14 0.17
19.17 18.67 17.66
10.86 10.16 9.35
4.22 3.75 4.20
3.02 3.25 3.61
0.75 0.70 0.61
0.32 0.34 0.32
0.80 0.83 0.83
0.15 0.14 0.21
3.10 3.14 3.44
5.18 5.69 7.33
Automotive products
1998 1999 2000
14.75 16.30 16.60
2.29 2.01 1.78
2.17 1.83 2.14
0.63 1.00 0.69
61.60 62.68 56.60
31.14 31.83 27.39
6.08 5.16 6.38
5.80 7.04 7.80
1.35 1.53 1.47
0.23 0.63 0.47
1.75 1.65 2.15
0.02 0.02 0.01
5.76 5.81 6.75
5.54 5.15 4.10
Other transport equipment
1998 1999 2000
2.84 3.07 3.64
3.26 4.00 4.48
0.48 1.32 0.83
0.19 0.16 0.31
15.39 16.78 16.65
11.05 9.57 10.62
1.59 1.31 1.48
0.88 1.31 1.15
0.42 0.26 0.30
0.02 0.02 0.03
0.31 0.42 0.31
0.01 0.03 0.16
1.64 1.54 1.66
1.57 1.78 1.94
Textiles
1998 1999 2000
0.39 0.41 0.45
0.32 0.31 0.31
0.09 0.09 0.10
0.06 0.06 0.05
8.25 7.19 6.20
7.99 7.14 5.96
3.39 3.14 2.98
1.03 1.02 1.09
0.57 0.50 0.42
0.10 0.08 0.07
0.14 0.13 0.10
0.32 0.28 0.25
0.52 0.51 0.49
1.74 1.62 1.57
Clothing
1998 1999 2000
0.21 0.20 0.20
0.16 0.13 0.10
0.03 0.02 0.02
0.08 0.07 0.08
6.51 6.46 5.64
10.51 9.29 7.75
0.87 0.74 0.65
4.20 3.99 3.64
0.07 0.05 0.05
1.12 1.01 0.88
0.09 0.08 0.07
0.18 0.17 0.15
0.22 0.20 0.20
6.82 6.78 6.72
Other consumer goods
1998 1999 2000
4.39 4.77 4.76
4.49 4.52 4.94
1.03 1.00 0.99
0.28 0.29 0.27
30.34 30.87 28.33
23.91 22.96 19.04
4.56 4.27 4.23
4.23 4.54 4.70
0.62 0.65 0.65
0.46 0.44 0.40
0.82 0.78 0.81
0.21 0.26 0.22
3.67 3.89 4.01
10.45 10.81 11.55
1998 1999 2000
54.11 57.23 59.16
40.46 40.65 44.02
15.06 14.33 13.53
9.55 9.14 9.16
341.28 343.50 342.36
285.99 284.25 288.06
52.76 47.53 50.59
41.52 45.14 51.14
10.34 8.42 9.96 9.06 9.09 10.73
10.68 10.34 10.92
3.40 3.88 5.29
44.50 44.38 48.43
66.97 68.24 75.68
Agricultural products
Appendix tables
Manufactures
Total merchandise a
202
Baltic States/CIS
Africa
Middle East
Asia
Table A16 (continued)
Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - Germany (Billion dollars) Extra-EU
United States
exp
imp
exp
imp
1998 1999 2000
22.30 21.60 19.05
32.26 30.60 24.96
9.37 8.65 8.71
19.62 17.64 16.58
0.87 0.84 0.85
Food
1998 1999 2000
19.21 18.72 16.32
26.73 25.59 20.52
7.44 6.67 6.53
15.16 13.72 12.35
Raw materials
1998 1999 2000
3.09 2.89 2.73
5.53 5.01 4.44
1.94 1.97 2.19
Mining products
1998 1999 2000
10.56 10.05 11.58
14.94 13.43 19.80
Ores and other minerals
1998 1999 2000
2.58 2.26 2.33
Fuels
1998 1999 2000
Non-ferrous metals
1998 1999 2000
Agricultural products
Manufactures
1998 1999 2000
imp
Japan
China
World b
exp
imp
exp
imp
exp
imp
exp
imp
2.35 1.95 1.92
0.78 0.75 0.71
0.59 0.61 0.54
0.34 0.32 0.30
0.09 0.11 0.10
0.18 0.27 0.26
0.65 0.59 0.61
31.67 30.25 27.76
51.88 48.24 41.54
0.71 0.72 0.70
1.70 1.43 1.32
0.52 0.52 0.49
0.48 0.51 0.45
0.29 0.26 0.25
0.02 0.02 0.02
0.10 0.12 0.04
0.39 0.36 0.38
26.65 25.39 22.85
41.89 39.31 32.87
4.47 3.92 4.24
0.16 0.12 0.15
0.64 0.52 0.61
0.26 0.23 0.22
0.10 0.10 0.09
0.04 0.05 0.05
0.07 0.09 0.08
0.08 0.15 0.22
0.25 0.22 0.22
5.03 4.86 4.92
10.00 8.93 8.68
7.75 7.74 9.70
27.94 28.82 41.16
0.96 1.07 1.39
0.83 0.71 0.83
1.11 1.12 1.30
0.88 0.95 1.11
0.19 0.17 0.28
0.10 0.11 0.14
0.11 0.20 0.25
0.30 0.28 0.32
18.31 17.79 21.28
42.88 42.25 60.96
1.89 1.74 1.95
0.67 0.72 0.83
4.55 4.02 4.52
0.04 0.04 0.08
0.30 0.25 0.35
0.11 0.10 0.10
0.13 0.19 0.24
0.01 0.02 0.02
0.02 0.02 0.03
0.05 0.11 0.14
0.10 0.08 0.10
3.25 2.98 3.16
6.44 5.76 6.47
2.02 2.25 3.39
8.15 7.34 13.02
3.59 3.40 4.36
18.14 19.97 30.34
0.22 0.33 0.40
0.22 0.13 0.15
0.42 0.48 0.61
0.23 0.22 0.18
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.03 0.02 0.02
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.05 0.06 0.08
5.61 5.65 7.75
26.29 27.31 43.36
5.95 5.54 5.86
4.91 4.34 4.83
3.49 3.62 4.51
5.23 4.84 6.30
0.70 0.70 0.90
0.32 0.34 0.33
0.57 0.54 0.59
0.51 0.54 0.69
0.17 0.15 0.25
0.05 0.07 0.09
0.05 0.08 0.11
0.14 0.13 0.14
9.44 9.16 10.37
10.14 9.18 11.13
211.44 163.23 207.09 169.36 215.85 180.94
47.48 51.17 52.44
33.11 34.83 37.76
21.60 21.54 20.69
16.27 15.97 15.00
256.63 180.62 258.25 177.11 242.87 156.15
exp
Switzerland
9.53 22.84 10.15 22.63 11.13 23.94
5.42 12.08 5.60 13.64 7.14 15.81
468.07 343.85 465.34 346.47 458.71 337.09
Iron and steel
1998 1999 2000
9.78 8.03 8.17
9.49 8.15 7.88
6.03 5.02 5.22
3.31 2.63 2.99
1.02 0.88 1.06
0.11 0.11 0.16
0.63 0.54 0.58
0.38 0.34 0.35
0.03 0.02 0.03
0.09 0.10 0.10
0.16 0.15 0.17
0.09 0.05 0.05
15.81 13.05 13.39
12.80 10.78 10.86
Chemicals
1998 1999 2000
36.40 35.64 34.59
30.70 32.78 30.21
34.47 35.23 34.89
14.62 13.95 14.47
6.91 7.46 6.29
4.52 4.50 5.02
3.95 4.04 3.81
3.84 3.52 3.02
1.91 2.12 2.40
1.26 1.24 1.16
0.43 0.50 0.65
0.62 0.58 0.66
70.87 70.87 69.49
45.32 46.73 44.69
Other semimanufactures
1998 1999 2000
26.49 26.00 23.64
23.01 21.79 18.19
17.48 17.48 17.96
13.87 13.95 14.17
2.60 2.86 2.99
1.82 1.60 1.54
2.64 2.57 2.40
1.93 1.96 1.90
0.40 0.41 0.48
0.83 0.83 0.83
0.32 0.37 0.49
1.05 1.14 1.31
43.97 43.48 41.60
36.88 35.74 32.36
Machinery and transport equipment
1998 1999 2000
146.73 151.46 143.28
84.43 84.09 75.64
123.07 85.52 119.68 93.22 128.80 103.64
32.30 34.95 37.02
21.89 23.84 25.91
9.28 9.37 9.22
6.57 6.57 6.28
5.88 17.47 6.25 17.44 6.85 18.52
4.13 4.18 5.37
3.87 5.05 6.72
Power generating machinery
1998 1999 2000
3.52 3.69 3.44
1.96 2.40 2.27
5.18 5.30 6.32
5.28 6.08 7.28
2.01 2.19 2.63
3.10 3.96 4.97
0.38 0.43 0.39
0.42 0.39 0.40
0.08 0.06 0.09
0.13 0.11 0.14
0.15 0.16 0.31
0.19 0.19 0.30
8.70 8.99 9.77
7.24 8.48 9.55
Other nonelectrical machinery
1998 1999 2000
34.33 34.25 30.88
15.33 14.93 12.35
42.26 37.56 37.70
13.20 13.87 14.79
9.25 8.71 8.59
2.91 2.92 3.28
3.05 2.96 2.93
3.56 3.65 3.39
1.25 1.11 1.21
2.09 2.24 2.65
2.10 1.99 2.06
0.30 0.33 0.42
76.59 71.81 68.58
28.53 28.80 27.15
Office and telecommunication equipment
1998 1999 2000
21.96 23.60 26.97
17.55 18.95 17.24
13.69 14.89 18.14
31.72 34.13 40.29
1.84 2.22 2.86
8.44 8.94 9.31
1.37 1.48 1.72
0.59 0.63 0.62
0.37 0.50 0.72
7.18 7.24 8.38
0.68 0.89 1.23
2.13 2.87 3.74
35.65 38.49 45.12
49.27 53.08 57.54
Electrical machinery and apparatus
1998 1999 2000
16.49 16.19 15.30
8.74 8.09 7.39
15.85 15.22 15.96
13.51 14.31 16.49
2.83 3.02 3.28
2.12 2.27 2.46
1.47 1.48 1.38
1.36 1.31 1.27
0.61 0.60 0.66
2.24 2.48 3.06
0.50 0.60 0.64
1.16 1.43 1.90
32.34 31.41 31.26
22.25 22.40 23.88
Automotive products
1998 1999 2000
56.05 57.90 51.02
30.22 30.60 26.29
37.39 37.06 41.15
15.43 17.08 15.95
14.15 15.85 16.12
2.22 1.95 1.74
2.53 2.55 2.40
0.41 0.37 0.36
3.36 3.70 3.91
4.86 4.40 3.38
0.34 0.23 0.49
0.02 0.04 0.06
93.44 94.96 92.17
45.65 47.68 42.24
Other transport equipment
1998 1999 2000
14.38 15.84 15.67
10.63 9.12 10.08
8.70 9.64 9.52
6.38 7.74 8.84
2.21 2.96 3.55
3.11 3.81 4.15
0.49 0.47 0.39
0.23 0.23 0.24
0.21 0.28 0.26
0.97 0.97 0.91
0.37 0.30 0.63
0.07 0.19 0.31
23.08 25.48 25.19
17.01 16.86 18.92
Textiles
1998 1999 2000
6.63 5.86 4.98
6.87 6.06 4.95
7.04 6.42 6.04
4.78 4.46 4.37
0.35 0.38 0.41
0.29 0.28 0.28
0.46 0.42 0.38
0.53 0.50 0.45
0.08 0.07 0.07
0.22 0.21 0.19
0.03 0.04 0.04
0.40 0.37 0.44
13.67 12.28 11.01
11.65 10.52 9.32
Clothing
1998 1999 2000
5.36 5.35 4.66
6.21 5.37 4.19
2.65 2.42 2.18
16.87 16.07 15.12
0.16 0.16 0.17
0.15 0.12 0.09
0.91 0.90 0.78
0.13 0.14 0.09
0.10 0.08 0.08
0.04 0.03 0.03
0.01 0.01 0.01
2.23 2.29 2.14
8.01 7.77 6.84
23.08 21.44 19.30
Other consumer goods
1998 1999 2000
25.24 25.91 23.54
19.91 18.88 15.11
20.70 20.85 20.77
24.25 25.08 26.17
4.13 4.48 4.49
4.32 4.38 4.76
3.74 3.70 3.52
2.88 2.93 2.89
1.13 1.18 1.23
2.92 2.77 3.11
0.34 0.35 0.41
3.84 4.14 4.49
45.94 46.76 44.31
44.16 43.96 41.28
243.72 219.14 237.87 222.82 245.92 245.75
50.04 53.68 55.30
37.39 37.94 40.91
23.83 23.72 23.07
18.03 17.72 16.85
Total merchandise a
1998 1999 2000
299.84 252.09 304.97 250.68 302.85 254.60
10.15 23.17 10.74 23.03 11.83 24.31
6.67 13.03 7.27 14.51 8.52 16.74
269.80 169.95 271.14 177.31 272.07 179.28
Appendix tables
Intra-EU (15)
543.56 471.23 542.84 473.50 548.77 500.35
a Includes unspecified products. b Includes unspecified destinations and origins. Note: For sources and methods, see the Technical Notes.
203
Table A17
Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - Italy (Billion dollars) C./E. Europe/
Agricultural products
Appendix tables
Latin America
Western Europe
exp
exp
exp
imp
imp
imp
Baltic States/CIS exp
imp
Africa
Middle East
exp
imp
exp
imp
Asia exp
imp
1998 1999 2000
1.66 1.73 1.86
2.12 1.76 2.05
0.25 0.21 0.24
2.29 2.06 2.16
12.57 13.07 11.58
22.12 21.99 19.89
0.76 0.60 0.65
1.27 1.14 1.24
0.62 0.56 0.57
1.68 1.61 1.52
0.37 0.34 0.29
0.22 0.20 0.26
0.84 0.86 0.88
2.27 2.00 2.24
Food
1998 1999 2000
1.56 1.62 1.75
0.93 0.66 0.71
0.22 0.19 0.20
1.91 1.68 1.68
11.46 11.92 10.49
17.39 17.34 15.25
0.68 0.52 0.52
0.53 0.50 0.45
0.55 0.49 0.51
0.99 1.01 0.89
0.34 0.31 0.26
0.08 0.09 0.08
0.72 0.68 0.68
0.91 0.81 0.84
Raw materials
1998 1999 2000
0.10 0.10 0.11
1.19 1.09 1.34
0.03 0.02 0.04
0.38 0.39 0.48
1.11 1.15 1.09
4.73 4.64 4.64
0.08 0.08 0.12
0.74 0.64 0.79
0.08 0.07 0.06
0.69 0.60 0.63
0.03 0.03 0.03
0.14 0.11 0.18
0.12 0.18 0.20
1.35 1.19 1.40
Mining products
1998 1999 2000
0.22 0.26 0.70
1.14 1.01 1.06
0.36 0.26 0.13
1.28 1.35 1.67
3.80 3.93 5.38
7.44 6.92 8.52
0.27 0.25 0.29
2.29 3.50 5.65
0.60 0.53 0.84
5.28 5.74 9.20
0.30 0.30 0.48
3.19 3.74 6.51
0.19 0.26 0.29
0.71 0.63 0.78
Ores and other minerals
1998 1999 2000
0.03 0.04 0.06
0.29 0.19 0.23
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.49 0.47 0.56
0.42 0.46 0.51
1.96 1.59 1.76
0.07 0.06 0.06
0.32 0.29 0.29
0.04 0.04 0.04
0.28 0.22 0.26
0.04 0.03 0.04
0.04 0.03 0.03
0.08 0.08 0.09
0.30 0.28 0.33
Fuels
1998 1999 2000
0.11 0.15 0.52
0.44 0.40 0.46
0.31 0.22 0.08
0.20 0.20 0.38
1.44 1.64 2.90
1.72 1.77 2.56
0.09 0.09 0.11
1.41 2.58 4.18
0.49 0.43 0.75
4.83 5.35 8.77
0.16 0.18 0.36
3.07 3.61 6.37
0.04 0.09 0.10
0.33 0.25 0.29
Non-ferrous metals
1998 1999 2000
0.08 0.07 0.11
0.41 0.42 0.37
0.04 0.03 0.04
0.59 0.68 0.73
1.93 1.83 1.96
3.76 3.56 4.20
0.10 0.10 0.12
0.56 0.64 1.18
0.08 0.06 0.06
0.16 0.17 0.17
0.10 0.08 0.09
0.07 0.11 0.10
0.08 0.10 0.10
0.08 0.10 0.16
1998 1999 2000
20.74 21.72 24.32
9.06 9.14 10.96
9.94 8.14 8.28
1.69 1.68 2.11
137.64 135.37 130.53
113.01 116.39 113.76
14.44 12.94 14.03
7.79 8.20 8.98
7.36 6.92 6.87
2.46 2.27 2.57
8.14 7.12 7.38
1.10 1.05 1.27
16.49 15.75 17.94
17.28 18.17 20.67
Iron and steel
1998 1999 2000
0.49 0.33 0.50
0.08 0.06 0.06
0.23 0.18 0.18
0.17 0.22 0.23
5.26 4.40 4.98
6.58 5.46 5.87
0.21 0.26 0.34
1.16 1.04 1.17
0.36 0.26 0.27
0.33 0.24 0.37
0.43 0.25 0.28
0.07 0.01 0.07
0.30 0.21 0.25
0.71 0.34 0.55
Chemicals
1998 1999 2000
1.74 1.91 2.45
1.59 1.70 2.22
0.63 0.60 0.68
0.17 0.18 0.18
13.78 14.35 14.88
23.06 23.93 23.21
0.98 0.93 1.09
0.73 0.64 0.80
0.70 0.70 0.70
0.28 0.28 0.35
0.73 0.73 0.77
0.47 0.42 0.47
1.63 1.82 1.92
1.42 1.37 1.51
Other semimanufactures
1998 1999 2000
2.50 2.74 3.11
0.73 0.62 0.64
0.81 0.65 0.66
0.52 0.43 0.65
19.33 19.03 17.59
10.33 10.57 10.46
2.04 1.77 1.97
0.76 0.84 0.99
0.92 0.89 0.84
0.38 0.31 0.39
1.28 1.10 1.13
0.14 0.17 0.23
2.06 2.03 2.33
1.67 1.61 1.77
Machinery and transport equipment
1998 1999 2000
8.01 8.30 8.95
5.19 5.19 6.40
6.29 5.09 5.13
0.65 0.74 0.92
58.39 58.21 56.62
56.41 59.35 57.81
6.20 5.65 5.63
2.38 2.79 2.81
3.84 3.51 3.55
0.36 0.38 0.36
3.40 3.08 3.16
0.20 0.22 0.25
7.18 6.71 7.78
7.33 8.64 9.92
Power generating machinery
1998 1999 2000
0.40 0.47 0.57
0.62 0.54 0.71
0.18 0.14 0.19
0.01 0.02 0.01
1.71 1.67 1.73
1.04 1.10 0.96
0.14 0.10 0.14
0.10 0.11 0.12
0.20 0.17 0.18
0.01 0.02 0.01
0.22 0.18 0.27
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.19 0.19 0.23
0.16 0.15 0.15
Other nonelectrical machinery
1998 1999 2000
4.05 3.98 4.18
1.09 1.19 1.33
3.40 2.98 2.64
0.09 0.10 0.09
22.87 22.90 21.27
11.92 12.17 11.57
2.98 2.61 2.61
0.40 0.45 0.51
2.23 2.17 1.96
0.07 0.09 0.13
2.19 2.02 1.94
0.08 0.06 0.06
4.41 3.90 4.17
1.48 1.92 2.23
Office and telecommunication equipment
1998 1999 2000
0.50 0.48 0.89
1.26 1.20 1.72
0.38 0.40 0.42
0.05 0.07 0.09
6.84 6.55 6.26
13.47 14.54 15.02
0.32 0.44 0.68
0.32 0.39 0.40
0.28 0.24 0.24
0.00 0.01 0.01
0.13 0.12 0.10
0.07 0.09 0.12
1.12 1.23 1.83
2.32 2.48 2.91
Electrical machinery and apparatus
1998 1999 2000
0.48 0.41 0.51
0.51 0.51 0.57
0.40 0.30 0.31
0.02 0.02 0.03
7.79 7.69 7.44
5.54 5.55 5.58
1.10 0.94 1.02
0.17 0.24 0.28
0.42 0.43 0.40
0.09 0.12 0.16
0.55 0.45 0.50
0.03 0.02 0.03
0.60 0.55 0.64
0.78 0.81 1.02
Automotive products
1998 1999 2000
0.85 0.78 0.86
0.17 0.18 0.17
1.16 0.76 0.60
0.45 0.40 0.42
14.45 14.64 14.53
21.32 22.68 20.87
1.13 1.14 1.08
1.24 1.37 1.44
0.46 0.37 0.39
0.02 0.02 0.02
0.25 0.25 0.30
0.00 0.01 0.01
0.55 0.61 0.61
1.78 2.25 2.39
Other transport equipment
1998 1999 2000
1.75 2.18 1.94
1.54 1.58 1.89
0.76 0.51 0.98
0.04 0.13 0.29
4.74 4.75 5.38
3.11 3.32 3.82
0.53 0.42 0.11
0.15 0.24 0.07
0.25 0.13 0.37
0.18 0.12 0.03
0.07 0.06 0.05
0.00 0.02 0.01
0.31 0.23 0.30
0.82 1.03 1.21
Textiles
1998 1999 2000
0.85 0.82 0.91
0.14 0.12 0.11
0.31 0.23 0.25
0.04 0.03 0.03
8.59 7.89 7.33
4.34 3.94 3.77
1.16 1.15 1.36
0.44 0.42 0.51
0.60 0.61 0.58
0.15 0.14 0.17
0.29 0.22 0.21
0.12 0.13 0.14
1.24 1.10 1.32
1.37 1.24 1.39
Clothing
1998 1999 2000
1.71 1.67 1.80
0.05 0.05 0.04
0.23 0.17 0.17
0.04 0.04 0.03
9.51 9.04 8.24
2.14 2.17 1.98
1.04 0.93 1.08
1.19 1.24 1.35
0.24 0.20 0.22
0.75 0.72 0.71
0.39 0.28 0.27
0.02 0.02 0.02
1.63 1.37 1.43
1.64 1.71 1.94
Other consumer goods
1998 1999 2000
5.46 5.94 6.61
1.28 1.40 1.48
1.45 1.22 1.21
0.08 0.06 0.06
22.78 22.45 20.89
10.14 10.97 10.66
2.81 2.26 2.55
1.13 1.22 1.34
0.70 0.74 0.71
0.20 0.21 0.23
1.63 1.46 1.56
0.07 0.08 0.09
2.46 2.51 2.91
3.14 3.26 3.59
1998 1999 2000
22.82 23.80 27.00
12.53 12.08 14.21
10.63 8.63 8.67
5.26 5.11 5.98
155.49 152.65 147.76
146.64 147.04 144.12
15.55 13.80 14.97
12.87 12.95 16.13
8.68 8.01 8.30
12.82 11.22 14.60
8.87 7.77 8.17
4.53 5.01 8.05
17.75 16.88 19.13
20.57 20.85 23.80
Manufactures
Total merchandise a
204
North America
Table A17 (continued)
Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - Italy (Billion dollars) Extra-EU
imp
imp
exp
1998 1999 2000
11.28 11.81 10.35
21.04 20.93 18.93
5.80 5.57 5.74
10.98 9.88 10.45
1.42 1.47 1.58
1.53 1.22 1.38
0.75 0.76 0.70
Food
1998 1999 2000
10.33 10.82 9.43
16.81 16.78 14.80
5.22 4.93 5.00
5.96 5.35 5.13
1.33 1.38 1.49
0.74 0.54 0.58
Raw materials
1998 1999 2000
0.95 0.99 0.91
4.23 4.15 4.12
0.58 0.65 0.75
5.02 4.53 5.34
0.09 0.09 0.10
Mining products
1998 1999 2000
2.98 3.11 3.93
6.38 5.64 6.91
2.79 2.69 4.21
14.95 17.27 26.50
Ores and other minerals
1998 1999 2000
0.32 0.37 0.41
1.63 1.28 1.42
0.38 0.35 0.41
Fuels
1998 1999 2000
0.95 1.11 1.78
1.35 1.26 1.90
Non-ferrous metals
1998 1999 2000
1.71 1.64 1.74
1998 1999 2000
Iron and steel
imp
China
World b
imp
exp
imp
exp
imp
0.32 0.33 0.31
0.46 0.42 0.41
0.05 0.06 0.05
0.02 0.03 0.05
0.35 0.40 0.49
17.08 17.38 16.09
32.02 30.81 29.38
0.67 0.68 0.64
0.17 0.17 0.15
0.43 0.38 0.37
0.00 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.11 0.12 0.16
15.55 15.75 14.43
22.77 22.13 19.93
0.78 0.68 0.80
0.08 0.07 0.07
0.15 0.16 0.16
0.03 0.04 0.04
0.05 0.06 0.04
0.01 0.02 0.04
0.24 0.28 0.32
1.53 1.64 1.66
9.25 8.68 9.46
0.21 0.23 0.66
0.91 0.78 0.78
0.26 0.26 0.34
0.30 0.32 0.40
0.01 0.01 0.02
0.03 0.02 0.02
0.03 0.02 0.03
0.10 0.09 0.12
5.77 5.80 8.14
21.33 22.91 33.41
2.05 1.79 2.05
0.03 0.03 0.06
0.17 0.09 0.09
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.15 0.12 0.13
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.02 0.02 0.02
0.04 0.04 0.04
0.70 0.72 0.82
3.68 3.07 3.47
1.72 1.69 3.06
10.66 12.91 21.13
0.10 0.14 0.50
0.40 0.33 0.39
0.15 0.16 0.24
0.04 0.04 0.05
0.00 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.06 0.04 0.05
2.67 2.80 4.84
12.01 14.17 23.03
3.39 3.10 3.59
0.70 0.63 0.74
2.25 2.56 3.31
0.08 0.07 0.11
0.34 0.36 0.29
0.09 0.08 0.09
0.11 0.15 0.22
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.02 0.03
2.41 2.27 2.48
5.64 5.66 6.90
120.86 120.67 115.00
104.11 107.64 105.40
95.14 87.79 94.87
48.57 49.61 54.97
18.96 19.98 22.18
8.32 8.51 10.21
7.42 7.04 6.85
5.38 5.31 4.69
3.55 3.26 3.54
4.66 5.39 5.84
1.96 1.88 2.08
4.39 4.82 5.85
216.00 208.46 209.87
152.68 157.25 160.37
1998 1999 2000
4.60 3.88 4.37
6.00 5.02 5.33
2.68 2.00 2.44
3.11 2.36 2.99
0.43 0.30 0.45
0.07 0.06 0.06
0.24 0.23 0.28
0.10 0.09 0.12
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.02 0.03
0.02 0.02 0.03
0.04 0.04 0.13
7.28 5.88 6.81
9.11 7.38 8.32
Chemicals
1998 1999 2000
11.56 12.24 12.78
20.81 21.58 21.31
8.62 8.81 9.71
6.98 6.98 7.45
1.61 1.79 2.32
1.54 1.66 2.17
1.25 1.22 1.07
1.91 2.05 1.61
0.35 0.36 0.38
0.47 0.51 0.57
0.17 0.16 0.18
0.29 0.27 0.30
20.18 21.05 22.49
27.79 28.56 28.76
Other semimanufactures
1998 1999 2000
17.17 17.06 15.62
9.40 9.66 9.51
11.77 11.15 12.02
5.14 4.89 5.62
2.18 2.40 2.74
0.63 0.53 0.56
0.90 0.86 0.81
0.36 0.37 0.35
0.25 0.22 0.24
0.22 0.22 0.19
0.16 0.20 0.22
0.37 0.43 0.52
28.94 28.21 27.64
14.54 14.55 15.13
Machinery and transport equipment
1998 1999 2000
52.02 52.95 50.70
53.86 56.86 55.45
42.50 38.08 40.60
18.85 20.68 23.07
7.29 7.60 7.95
4.66 4.76 5.89
2.16 2.02 2.00
1.65 1.47 1.30
0.80 0.75 0.83
3.24 3.96 4.38
1.30 1.22 1.35
1.09 1.25 1.57
94.52 91.03 91.30
72.71 77.54 78.52
Power generating machinery
1998 1999 2000
1.52 1.53 1.58
0.92 0.97 0.87
1.52 1.40 1.73
1.04 0.98 1.11
0.35 0.36 0.50
0.59 0.48 0.65
0.06 0.06 0.07
0.06 0.08 0.05
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.05 0.05 0.06
0.02 0.03 0.02
0.06 0.05 0.05
3.04 2.93 3.31
1.96 1.95 1.98
Other nonelectrical machinery
1998 1999 2000
19.78 20.46 18.69
10.79 11.16 10.55
22.34 20.11 20.08
4.38 4.86 5.37
3.58 3.51 3.70
1.03 1.13 1.27
0.96 0.93 0.90
0.93 0.81 0.84
0.39 0.32 0.38
0.83 1.02 1.08
0.96 0.94 0.99
0.21 0.32 0.42
42.12 40.57 38.77
15.17 16.02 15.92
Office and telecommunication equipment
1998 1999 2000
6.28 5.99 5.59
13.33 14.38 14.87
3.28 3.47 4.83
4.25 4.48 5.41
0.49 0.47 0.85
0.96 0.95 1.45
0.15 0.15 0.13
0.07 0.08 0.07
0.08 0.02 0.02
0.58 0.57 0.71
0.13 0.14 0.18
0.44 0.51 0.57
9.56 9.46 10.42
17.58 18.86 20.28
Electrical machinery and apparatus
1998 1999 2000
7.06 7.05 6.76
5.07 5.10 5.20
4.28 3.72 4.07
2.10 2.20 2.46
0.45 0.39 0.48
0.50 0.50 0.56
0.24 0.24 0.24
0.33 0.32 0.23
0.05 0.06 0.07
0.20 0.23 0.28
0.06 0.05 0.08
0.27 0.29 0.40
11.34 10.77 10.83
7.17 7.30 7.66
Automotive products
1998 1999 2000
13.37 13.73 13.29
20.93 22.22 20.34
5.48 4.83 5.07
4.05 4.70 4.97
0.78 0.72 0.80
0.16 0.16 0.15
0.34 0.37 0.40
0.04 0.04 0.03
0.20 0.27 0.26
1.08 1.43 1.51
0.05 0.03 0.04
0.01 0.02 0.02
18.85 18.56 18.36
24.98 26.92 25.31
Other transport equipment
1998 1999 2000
4.00 4.19 4.79
2.81 3.03 3.62
5.62 4.55 4.82
3.04 3.47 3.73
1.65 2.15 1.63
1.43 1.54 1.81
0.41 0.27 0.26
0.21 0.14 0.08
0.06 0.07 0.08
0.49 0.66 0.74
0.08 0.02 0.05
0.09 0.07 0.11
9.62 8.74 9.61
5.85 6.50 7.35
Textiles
1998 1999 2000
7.71 7.14 6.55
3.63 3.27 3.09
5.32 4.87 5.41
2.97 2.75 3.03
0.73 0.72 0.81
0.14 0.12 0.11
0.29 0.27 0.24
0.22 0.18 0.17
0.35 0.27 0.30
0.16 0.16 0.15
0.10 0.09 0.10
0.31 0.28 0.35
13.03 12.01 11.96
6.60 6.02 6.12
Clothing
1998 1999 2000
8.30 7.89 7.13
1.69 1.74 1.55
6.44 5.78 6.09
4.16 4.22 4.52
1.60 1.58 1.70
0.05 0.05 0.04
0.71 0.68 0.64
0.07 0.06 0.06
0.96 0.81 0.79
0.01 0.02 0.02
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.67 0.78 0.91
14.74 13.67 13.22
5.85 5.96 6.07
Other consumer goods
1998 1999 2000
19.49 19.51 17.85
8.73 9.51 9.16
17.81 17.09 18.60
7.35 7.73 8.29
5.12 5.59 6.22
1.23 1.34 1.39
1.85 1.77 1.81
1.06 1.09 1.09
0.84 0.85 0.99
0.53 0.51 0.52
0.20 0.18 0.20
1.62 1.77 2.05
37.30 36.60 36.45
16.08 17.24 17.45
1998 1999 2000
136.37 135.83 129.51
132.76 134.50 131.51
105.73 99.13 108.13
82.83 85.56 104.35
20.77 21.78 24.55
10.89 10.57 12.43
8.51 8.07 7.91
8.81 7.38 7.06
4.04 3.70 3.98
4.74 5.48 5.92
2.06 1.93 2.16
4.84 5.32 6.46
242.10 234.96 237.64
215.59 220.06 235.86
Total merchandise a
exp
Japan exp
Manufactures
imp
Switzerland
exp Agricultural products
exp
United States
Appendix tables
Intra-EU (15)
a Includes unspecified products. b Includes unspecified destinations and origins.
205
Table A18
Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - United Kingdom (Billion dollars) C./E. Europe/
Agricultural products
Appendix tables
Latin America
Western Europe
exp
exp
exp
imp
imp
imp
Baltic States/CIS exp
imp
Africa
Middle East
exp
imp
exp
imp
Asia exp
imp
1998 1999 2000
1.70 1.68 1.63
2.81 2.47 2.61
0.94 0.75 0.69
2.60 2.53 2.40
12.68 11.13 10.37
23.15 22.74 21.12
0.57 0.35 0.35
0.68 0.70 0.77
0.74 0.76 0.72
2.27 2.13 1.80
0.85 0.88 0.81
0.35 0.35 0.31
2.00 2.06 2.11
3.42 3.42 3.37
Food
1998 1999 2000
1.57 1.62 1.56
1.98 1.74 1.79
0.93 0.73 0.67
2.29 2.25 2.04
11.33 10.35 9.48
19.99 19.68 18.10
0.51 0.31 0.31
0.24 0.22 0.24
0.59 0.65 0.62
2.04 1.95 1.61
0.82 0.87 0.79
0.33 0.33 0.29
1.77 1.81 1.85
2.81 2.85 2.74
Raw materials
1998 1999 2000
0.13 0.06 0.07
0.83 0.73 0.83
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.30 0.29 0.36
1.34 0.78 0.88
3.16 3.06 3.02
0.07 0.05 0.05
0.44 0.48 0.53
0.15 0.11 0.11
0.23 0.18 0.19
0.03 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.02 0.02
0.24 0.26 0.26
0.62 0.57 0.62
Mining products
1998 1999 2000
2.64 4.17 7.99
2.75 1.86 2.45
0.27 0.22 0.16
1.00 1.00 1.40
12.78 13.38 19.62
8.59 9.10 13.47
0.34 0.26 0.35
1.75 1.57 2.11
0.30 0.19 0.37
1.31 1.60 2.11
0.18 0.17 0.23
0.62 0.55 1.43
0.72 1.14 1.65
1.28 1.09 1.14
Ores and other minerals
1998 1999 2000
0.18 0.24 0.22
0.94 0.89 1.11
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.18 0.16 0.22
1.32 1.00 1.15
0.88 0.86 1.17
0.02 0.02 0.03
0.21 0.32 0.27
0.03 0.03 0.03
0.43 0.65 0.25
0.02 0.02 0.02
0.05 0.03 0.06
0.15 0.24 0.37
0.48 0.35 0.36
Fuels
1998 1999 2000
1.90 3.45 6.78
0.54 0.31 0.37
0.22 0.17 0.09
0.36 0.41 0.64
8.81 10.28 15.93
4.67 5.69 9.42
0.19 0.11 0.16
0.61 0.58 1.26
0.22 0.13 0.27
0.75 0.72 1.44
0.04 0.07 0.15
0.51 0.45 1.32
0.08 0.42 0.49
0.32 0.33 0.32
Non-ferrous metals
1998 1999 2000
0.56 0.49 0.99
1.27 0.65 0.97
0.04 0.04 0.06
0.46 0.44 0.54
2.66 2.10 2.54
3.04 2.54 2.88
0.12 0.12 0.16
0.93 0.67 0.57
0.05 0.03 0.07
0.13 0.23 0.42
0.13 0.08 0.06
0.07 0.06 0.05
0.50 0.49 0.79
0.47 0.42 0.46
1998 1999 2000
35.55 35.13 36.86
40.59 35.28 39.48
4.66 3.47 3.39
1.79 1.88 2.42
144.89 136.00 139.48
154.01 152.75 151.39
6.50 5.61 6.33
4.85 4.88 5.70
6.66 5.61 5.42
2.73 2.97 4.66
10.59 7.69 7.87
4.01 3.70 3.41
24.27 22.38 23.94
52.07 53.81 60.39
Iron and steel
1998 1999 2000
0.62 0.49 0.55
0.21 0.22 0.19
0.08 0.07 0.07
0.05 0.05 0.05
3.90 2.91 3.01
4.35 3.30 3.32
0.13 0.11 0.09
0.27 0.17 0.29
0.17 0.13 0.11
0.14 0.13 0.16
0.24 0.18 0.13
0.01 0.00 0.02
0.39 0.32 0.36
0.46 0.28 0.30
Chemicals
1998 1999 2000
4.82 5.82 6.01
3.63 3.70 4.23
1.17 0.99 0.88
0.18 0.16 0.15
23.24 20.32 20.90
22.92 22.79 23.25
1.16 0.99 1.06
0.47 0.50 0.47
1.16 0.92 0.81
0.20 0.17 0.17
1.47 1.20 1.10
0.22 0.21 0.26
3.83 3.85 3.84
2.33 2.04 2.17
Other semimanufactures
1998 1999 2000
2.35 2.34 2.41
2.62 2.77 2.89
0.31 0.24 0.20
0.30 0.29 0.33
13.14 13.42 13.12
18.95 19.36 18.10
0.45 0.40 0.46
1.35 1.23 1.32
0.57 0.46 0.49
0.63 0.77 2.21
1.12 1.22 1.24
0.33 0.33 0.31
2.35 2.36 2.66
3.07 3.20 3.59
Machinery and transport equipment
1998 1999 2000
21.18 19.42 20.33
26.40 20.69 23.45
2.50 1.71 1.74
0.88 1.03 1.52
81.17 77.67 82.17
79.84 80.34 81.12
3.47 2.97 3.40
1.76 1.88 2.31
3.34 2.84 2.84
0.58 0.61 0.68
5.85 3.55 3.91
2.18 1.87 1.66
13.02 11.69 12.99
29.61 31.34 35.52
Power generating machinery
1998 1999 2000
4.72 4.82 4.01
2.92 3.05 2.85
0.24 0.22 0.17
0.09 0.05 0.08
4.12 4.48 4.26
2.31 2.44 2.24
0.14 0.10 0.12
0.06 0.05 0.09
0.30 0.27 0.28
0.10 0.11 0.13
0.72 0.72 0.78
0.68 0.86 0.54
1.65 1.78 1.94
1.28 1.45 1.46
Other nonelectrical machinery
1998 1999 2000
4.27 3.88 3.67
3.74 3.57 3.70
0.71 0.53 0.43
0.10 0.10 0.11
12.73 11.73 10.73
13.21 12.35 11.39
1.00 0.80 0.73
0.21 0.18 0.19
1.21 0.96 0.86
0.11 0.14 0.17
1.16 0.92 0.94
0.26 0.17 0.20
2.90 2.60 2.58
2.92 2.71 2.91
Office and telecommunication equipment
1998 1999 2000
4.43 4.68 6.01
9.04 9.26 11.87
0.46 0.28 0.31
0.34 0.72 1.08
31.41 32.18 34.64
20.90 22.65 25.65
1.21 0.95 1.37
0.50 0.57 0.64
0.80 0.74 0.92
0.10 0.11 0.12
0.82 0.88 1.24
0.52 0.50 0.58
4.11 4.03 4.96
16.03 17.83 21.07
Electrical machinery and apparatus
1998 1999 2000
1.58 1.69 2.00
2.42 2.51 2.88
0.19 0.17 0.15
0.06 0.05 0.10
7.38 7.05 7.49
7.28 7.09 7.13
0.57 0.59 0.64
0.36 0.50 0.63
0.36 0.32 0.27
0.06 0.06 0.08
0.58 0.60 0.56
0.14 0.18 0.13
1.63 1.60 1.80
3.63 4.07 5.09
Automotive products
1998 1999 2000
3.02 3.65 3.94
0.93 1.35 1.25
0.70 0.42 0.45
0.05 0.06 0.08
19.36 19.90 18.66
32.14 33.58 29.90
0.45 0.46 0.47
0.53 0.55 0.68
0.44 0.39 0.37
0.10 0.16 0.16
0.45 0.31 0.29
0.11 0.13 0.18
1.74 1.32 1.37
4.38 4.28 3.83
Other transport equipment
1998 1999 2000
3.15 0.70 0.69
7.33 0.95 0.89
0.19 0.09 0.24
0.23 0.05 0.08
6.18 2.34 6.37
3.99 2.22 4.83
0.10 0.07 0.08
0.09 0.03 0.08
0.23 0.16 0.13
0.10 0.03 0.02
2.13 0.11 0.11
0.47 0.04 0.03
0.99 0.36 0.33
1.37 0.99 1.16
Textiles
1998 1999 2000
0.45 0.42 0.39
0.53 0.44 0.41
0.07 0.05 0.05
0.02 0.02 0.03
3.63 2.67 2.50
5.48 4.86 4.37
0.33 0.32 0.35
0.13 0.12 0.15
0.24 0.26 0.26
0.15 0.12 0.13
0.17 0.14 0.13
0.14 0.14 0.13
0.54 0.53 0.51
1.86 1.70 1.71
Clothing
1998 1999 2000
0.30 0.25 0.23
0.22 0.21 0.21
0.02 0.02 0.02
0.03 0.04 0.04
3.51 3.25 2.86
4.83 4.74 4.24
0.14 0.16 0.20
0.57 0.62 0.72
0.30 0.26 0.27
0.79 0.90 1.02
0.28 0.23 0.22
0.34 0.36 0.32
0.37 0.32 0.32
5.20 5.68 6.44
Other consumer goods
1998 1999 2000
5.83 6.39 6.94
6.98 7.25 8.12
0.51 0.40 0.42
0.32 0.29 0.30
16.30 15.76 14.90
17.62 17.36 16.99
0.81 0.67 0.78
0.30 0.37 0.45
0.87 0.74 0.65
0.25 0.27 0.28
1.46 1.17 1.14
0.79 0.78 0.72
3.77 3.30 3.26
9.55 9.58 10.67
1998 1999 2000
40.22 41.18 46.78
47.06 40.15 45.10
5.94 4.56 4.26
5.42 5.45 6.25
171.15 161.14 170.20
186.54 185.16 186.68
7.47 6.24 7.05
7.31 7.18 8.61
7.80 6.65 6.61
6.37 6.75 8.60
12.99 8.78 8.94
5.07 4.63 5.18
27.41 25.69 27.78
57.04 58.51 65.16
Manufactures
Total merchandise a
206
North America
Table A18 (continued)
Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - United Kingdom (Billion dollars) Extra-EU
imp
imp
exp
1998 1999 2000
11.97 10.55 9.82
21.80 21.47 19.92
7.52 7.13 6.85
13.48 12.96 12.57
1.43 1.47 1.42
2.12 1.79 1.89
0.48 0.43 0.40
Food
1998 1999 2000
10.79 9.84 9.02
18.74 18.51 16.99
6.72 6.56 6.26
10.95 10.51 9.81
1.31 1.41 1.36
1.56 1.33 1.38
Raw materials
1998 1999 2000
1.16 0.71 0.79
3.06 2.97 2.94
0.81 0.58 0.59
2.54 2.45 2.75
0.12 0.06 0.06
Mining products
1998 1999 2000
12.28 12.92 19.03
4.86 5.15 6.46
4.96 6.80 11.43
12.44 11.71 17.67
Ores and other minerals
1998 1999 2000
1.20 0.93 1.07
0.74 0.61 0.99
0.53 0.63 0.76
Fuels
1998 1999 2000
8.58 10.00 15.55
1.80 2.49 3.16
Non-ferrous metals
1998 1999 2000
2.50 1.99 2.42
1998 1999 2000
Iron and steel
imp
Switzerland
World b
imp
exp
imp
exp
imp
0.06 0.07 0.08
0.32 0.26 0.22
0.06 0.06 0.06
0.13 0.13 0.12
0.12 0.12 0.19
19.49 17.68 16.67
35.28 34.43 32.49
0.45 0.41 0.38
0.02 0.03 0.04
0.30 0.25 0.20
0.05 0.04 0.05
0.12 0.12 0.11
0.12 0.11 0.19
17.51 16.40 15.28
29.69 29.02 26.80
0.55 0.46 0.51
0.03 0.02 0.02
0.04 0.04 0.05
0.02 0.02 0.02
0.01 0.02 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
1.97 1.29 1.38
5.60 5.42 5.69
2.47 3.98 7.54
1.97 1.20 1.60
0.21 0.23 0.34
0.20 0.15 0.18
0.07 0.07 0.07
0.05 0.02 0.03
0.12 0.08 0.10
0.35 0.27 0.27
17.24 19.72 30.46
17.30 16.86 24.13
2.42 2.75 2.48
0.15 0.18 0.16
0.49 0.47 0.60
0.02 0.03 0.02
0.04 0.05 0.07
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.03 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.03 0.15 0.10
1.73 1.56 1.83
3.16 3.36 3.47
2.86 4.78 8.37
5.96 6.01 11.61
1.80 3.34 6.42
0.44 0.23 0.27
0.01 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.01 0.01 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
11.44 14.78 23.92
7.76 8.50 14.77
2.32 2.05 2.31
1.56 1.40 2.30
4.06 2.95 3.58
0.52 0.46 0.96
1.04 0.49 0.73
0.18 0.19 0.31
0.15 0.10 0.10
0.05 0.05 0.05
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.10 0.07 0.08
0.32 0.12 0.16
4.06 3.39 4.72
6.38 5.00 5.89
133.05 126.53 129.27
141.97 140.19 139.46
100.08 98.46 100.30
118.09 124.49 135.38
32.37 31.72 32.87
37.82 32.08 35.50
4.63 4.51 4.63
15.43 14.98 15.38
4.08 3.32 3.58
7.53 8.18 9.16
4.69 4.14 4.42
7.87 8.48 7.83
233.13 224.99 229.57
260.06 264.68 274.84
1998 1999 2000
3.50 2.68 2.79
4.01 2.99 3.03
2.05 1.53 1.53
1.49 1.18 1.29
0.54 0.43 0.48
0.18 0.20 0.17
0.04 0.02 0.03
0.19 0.09 0.06
0.05 0.05 0.04
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.11 0.07 0.06
0.04 0.05 0.06
5.55 4.21 4.32
5.50 4.17 4.32
Chemicals
1998 1999 2000
21.50 18.94 19.53
21.29 21.16 21.65
15.35 15.70 15.42
8.67 8.91 9.24
4.34 5.40 5.56
3.47 3.56 4.08
0.97 1.07 1.02
0.68 0.64 0.67
0.35 0.30 0.29
0.05 0.06 0.07
0.80 0.58 0.57
1.23 1.27 1.23
36.85 34.64 34.95
29.96 30.07 30.89
Other semimanufactures
1998 1999 2000
11.87 12.54 11.90
15.09 14.55 13.83
8.43 7.89 8.68
12.16 13.48 14.91
2.10 2.00 2.17
2.21 2.06 2.15
0.29 0.25 0.26
0.56 0.58 0.56
0.29 0.22 0.27
0.39 0.38 0.44
0.66 0.41 0.79
3.24 4.19 3.70
20.30 20.43 20.58
27.25 28.03 28.74
Machinery and transport equipment
1998 1999 2000
75.42 73.02 76.94
76.96 77.86 78.78
55.12 55.27 56.35
64.28 68.69 74.67
19.25 17.25 17.61
24.61 18.80 20.95
2.22 2.11 2.23
11.94 11.96 12.49
2.48 2.04 2.32
2.52 2.90 3.40
1.69 1.78 1.75
1.58 1.31 1.27
130.54 128.29 133.29
141.24 146.55 153.45
Power generating machinery
1998 1999 2000
3.78 4.14 3.86
2.04 2.13 1.95
8.11 8.24 7.71
5.41 5.89 5.43
4.22 4.25 3.51
2.62 2.62 2.49
0.14 0.18 0.22
0.55 0.58 0.56
0.43 0.53 0.75
0.09 0.21 0.23
0.10 0.15 0.20
0.13 0.15 0.17
11.89 12.38 11.57
7.45 8.02 7.38
Other nonelectrical machinery
1998 1999 2000
11.21 10.59 9.65
12.15 11.49 10.64
12.77 10.82 10.28
8.41 7.73 8.02
3.96 3.55 3.35
3.50 3.30 3.44
0.39 0.37 0.42
1.88 1.81 1.92
0.25 0.20 0.21
0.09 0.08 0.09
0.26 0.23 0.26
0.69 0.57 0.52
23.98 21.41 19.93
20.56 19.22 18.66
Office and telecommunication equipment
1998 1999 2000
29.74 30.35 32.67
20.39 22.11 25.02
13.49 13.69 16.93
27.05 29.64 36.10
4.00 3.76 4.55
8.42 8.54 10.37
0.78 0.78 0.82
3.95 4.16 4.46
0.97 0.74 0.85
1.48 1.73 2.07
0.77 0.89 0.79
0.24 0.25 0.26
43.23 44.04 49.60
47.44 51.75 61.12
Electrical machinery and apparatus
1998 1999 2000
6.93 6.60 7.01
6.76 6.61 6.68
5.37 5.42 5.91
7.18 7.85 9.36
1.46 1.54 1.79
2.29 2.40 2.72
0.24 0.25 0.29
1.33 1.46 1.85
0.37 0.38 0.35
0.71 0.84 0.94
0.16 0.18 0.19
0.29 0.27 0.24
12.30 12.02 12.92
13.94 14.46 16.04
Automotive products
1998 1999 2000
18.45 19.20 17.79
31.97 33.39 29.73
7.71 7.26 7.77
6.29 6.72 6.35
2.87 3.48 3.76
0.89 1.09 1.11
0.53 0.48 0.45
3.51 3.32 3.04
0.35 0.15 0.13
0.02 0.02 0.01
0.27 0.31 0.28
0.04 0.05 0.05
26.16 26.46 25.56
38.26 40.11 36.08
Other transport equipment
1998 1999 2000
5.31 2.15 5.94
3.64 2.11 4.77
7.67 9.82 7.77
9.94 10.88 9.41
2.75 0.66 0.65
6.89 0.85 0.82
0.13 0.04 0.04
0.71 0.62 0.67
0.10 0.04 0.03
0.13 0.02 0.05
0.13 0.02 0.04
0.19 0.01 0.02
12.98 11.97 13.71
13.58 12.99 14.18
Textiles
1998 1999 2000
3.40 2.50 2.34
4.97 4.41 3.91
2.03 1.98 1.87
3.34 3.00 3.01
0.40 0.38 0.36
0.51 0.42 0.39
0.11 0.07 0.08
0.10 0.10 0.08
0.12 0.14 0.13
0.10 0.10 0.10
0.06 0.04 0.04
0.11 0.09 0.07
5.43 4.48 4.21
8.31 7.41 6.92
Clothing
1998 1999 2000
3.27 3.04 2.66
4.14 3.91 3.23
1.65 1.45 1.45
7.84 8.62 9.76
0.27 0.23 0.21
0.19 0.18 0.17
0.17 0.13 0.12
0.03 0.03 0.04
0.07 0.06 0.06
1.93 2.09 2.27
0.08 0.07 0.06
0.06 0.06 0.06
4.92 4.49 4.11
11.98 12.53 12.99
Other consumer goods
1998 1999 2000
14.11 13.81 13.11
15.50 15.31 15.03
15.45 14.63 14.98
20.31 20.60 22.51
5.46 6.03 6.49
6.65 6.87 7.59
0.83 0.85 0.90
1.94 1.59 1.49
0.72 0.52 0.47
2.53 2.64 2.87
1.30 1.19 1.14
1.59 1.51 1.44
29.56 28.44 28.09
35.81 35.91 37.54
1998 1999 2000
157.63 150.39 158.63
169.17 167.17 166.35
116.21 118.87 120.84
146.49 153.20 167.91
36.51 37.33 41.97
42.72 35.56 39.49
5.34 5.18 5.39
15.82 15.27 15.76
4.47 3.66 3.88
7.65 8.27 9.27
4.96 4.36 4.64
8.36 8.88 8.30
273.84 269.26 279.47
315.66 320.37 334.26
Total merchandise a
exp
Hong Kong, China exp
Manufactures
imp
Japan
exp Agricultural products
exp
United States
Appendix tables
Intra-EU
a Includes unspecified products. b Includes unspecified destinations and origins. Note: For sources and methods, see the Technical Notes.
207
Table A19
Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - Japan (Billion dollars) C./E. Europe/
Agricultural products
Appendix tables
Latin America
Western Europe
exp
exp
exp
imp
imp
imp
Baltic States/CIS exp
imp
Africa
Middle East
exp
imp
exp
imp
Asia exp
imp
1998 1999 2000
0.59 0.67 0.67
21.35 22.11 23.09
0.06 0.06 0.05
4.52 4.33 4.35
0.46 0.47 0.46
5.95 6.69 6.87
0.02 0.02 0.02
1.58 2.02 2.09
0.06 0.05 0.06
1.40 1.40 1.40
0.08 0.07 0.05
0.12 0.12 0.13
2.83 2.87 3.08
21.66 23.08 24.26
Food
1998 1999 2000
0.40 0.47 0.46
16.18 16.90 17.53
0.02 0.03 0.02
3.73 3.52 3.45
0.11 0.11 0.12
5.09 5.56 5.65
0.01 0.01 0.01
1.10 1.34 1.44
0.02 0.01 0.02
1.06 1.08 1.05
0.03 0.03 0.03
0.10 0.10 0.10
1.45 1.51 1.52
17.21 18.47 19.36
Raw materials
1998 1999 2000
0.19 0.20 0.21
5.17 5.21 5.56
0.03 0.03 0.03
0.79 0.82 0.90
0.35 0.36 0.34
0.86 1.13 1.22
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.48 0.68 0.65
0.03 0.04 0.04
0.34 0.31 0.35
0.05 0.04 0.03
0.02 0.03 0.03
1.38 1.36 1.57
4.45 4.61 4.90
Mining products
1998 1999 2000
0.89 0.86 1.06
4.17 3.69 3.94
0.07 0.06 0.07
3.26 3.54 4.10
0.37 0.37 0.49
1.29 1.45 1.61
0.04 0.02 0.03
1.51 1.84 2.60
0.01 0.02 0.02
1.93 2.21 2.93
0.08 0.09 0.07
24.23 28.98 47.85
4.52 4.88 5.70
23.63 25.11 35.36
Ores and other minerals
1998 1999 2000
0.03 0.03 0.05
1.11 1.06 1.19
0.00 0.00 0.00
2.01 2.13 2.48
0.07 0.07 0.10
0.33 0.36 0.29
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.07 0.07 0.08
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.41 0.39 0.42
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.08 0.08 0.12
0.73 0.77 0.91
4.81 4.80 5.71
Fuels
1998 1999 2000
0.27 0.31 0.40
2.05 1.75 1.77
0.04 0.03 0.04
0.24 0.43 0.47
0.05 0.03 0.04
0.15 0.23 0.11
0.03 0.02 0.01
0.23 0.21 0.27
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.43 0.58 0.69
0.01 0.01 0.00
23.82 28.68 47.48
0.83 0.83 1.03
16.36 17.99 26.63
Non-ferrous metals
1998 1999 2000
0.60 0.52 0.61
1.01 0.89 0.98
0.03 0.03 0.03
1.00 0.98 1.15
0.25 0.26 0.35
0.82 0.86 1.21
0.01 0.01 0.02
1.22 1.56 2.25
0.01 0.02 0.02
1.09 1.23 1.81
0.07 0.08 0.07
0.34 0.21 0.25
2.96 3.29 3.75
2.46 2.31 3.01
1998 1999 2000
120.19 130.56 144.28
48.25 47.91 52.54
13.64 11.17 12.88
1.14 1.33 2.08
73.99 75.98 79.09
35.40 38.71 42.30
2.29 1.94 2.42
0.62 0.67 0.95
4.66 4.38 4.03
0.51 0.42 0.59
12.36 9.85 9.61
1.10 1.19 1.24
132.01 152.11 190.62
71.71 87.41 112.97
Iron and steel
1998 1999 2000
3.55 1.75 1.64
0.17 0.15 0.20
0.67 0.51 0.65
0.18 0.14 0.16
0.94 0.61 0.62
0.23 0.20 0.25
0.07 0.09 0.07
0.12 0.14 0.15
0.31 0.22 0.22
0.33 0.25 0.30
0.73 0.63 0.53
0.00 0.01 0.01
8.60 9.64 11.10
2.17 2.06 2.60
Chemicals
1998 1999 2000
6.15 6.60 7.28
6.56 6.81 7.82
0.53 0.51 0.54
0.36 0.33 0.35
5.26 5.42 5.50
8.81 10.49 11.15
0.07 0.07 0.08
0.11 0.10 0.13
0.14 0.13 0.15
0.08 0.04 0.05
0.23 0.22 0.21
0.41 0.42 0.48
14.86 17.77 21.40
4.23 4.59 6.05
Other semimanufactures
1998 1999 2000
4.98 5.23 5.43
2.96 2.81 3.07
0.68 0.65 0.69
0.09 0.09 0.10
2.85 2.89 2.91
2.30 2.38 2.58
0.13 0.16 0.17
0.07 0.08 0.08
0.40 0.38 0.32
0.05 0.06 0.04
0.70 0.60 0.60
0.38 0.36 0.37
7.34 8.30 9.86
6.29 7.85 9.08
Machinery and transport equipment
1998 1999 2000
94.60 104.19 116.17
29.24 28.72 30.48
11.01 8.80 10.19
0.32 0.52 1.17
56.42 58.13 61.56
14.20 15.40 17.43
1.87 1.48 1.94
0.21 0.23 0.45
3.59 3.41 3.14
0.01 0.02 0.15
9.81 7.59 7.49
0.18 0.26 0.22
84.74 96.04 122.41
30.73 40.09 56.17
Power generating machinery
1998 1999 2000
1.21 1.63 1.93
2.10 2.14 2.60
0.23 0.30 0.40
0.00 0.01 0.01
1.11 0.85 0.89
0.50 0.55 0.60
0.01 0.03 0.01
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.06 0.04 0.05
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.44 0.26 0.22
0.00 0.00 0.00
3.17 2.49 2.91
1.06 1.08 1.24
Other nonelectrical machinery
1998 1999 2000
14.52 13.50 15.80
3.86 3.70 3.96
1.82 1.45 1.54
0.04 0.04 0.05
8.97 9.47 10.12
3.61 3.17 3.50
0.35 0.35 0.36
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.63 0.62 0.54
0.00 0.00 0.00
1.26 1.31 1.14
0.05 0.04 0.04
20.21 23.54 31.27
2.72 3.02 3.60
Office and telecommunication equipment
1998 1999 2000
29.85 31.33 34.33
12.86 12.16 14.59
2.02 1.78 1.95
0.16 0.33 0.73
19.60 20.09 23.22
2.95 3.55 4.78
0.49 0.33 0.43
0.17 0.18 0.23
0.22 0.24 0.23
0.00 0.01 0.01
0.89 0.54 0.57
0.11 0.17 0.13
31.96 37.05 47.45
20.29 27.66 40.39
Electrical machinery and apparatus
1998 1999 2000
6.62 7.61 9.41
2.95 3.15 4.05
1.15 1.17 1.43
0.04 0.04 0.06
5.34 5.72 7.17
1.47 1.57 1.74
0.15 0.12 0.33
0.02 0.02 0.06
0.20 0.24 0.13
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.63 0.50 0.55
0.02 0.05 0.05
14.17 16.68 20.77
5.33 6.61 8.82
Automotive products
1998 1999 2000
36.62 43.19 47.16
2.09 1.96 2.31
4.90 3.41 3.90
0.04 0.09 0.29
16.55 16.77 14.65
5.01 5.68 6.02
0.83 0.60 0.71
0.01 0.01 0.15
2.19 1.96 1.87
0.01 0.01 0.12
5.53 4.51 4.66
0.00 0.00 0.00
10.98 12.29 15.13
0.66 0.85 1.07
Other transport equipment
1998 1999 2000
5.78 6.92 7.53
5.37 5.61 2.98
0.89 0.69 0.97
0.03 0.01 0.04
4.84 5.23 5.51
0.66 0.87 0.80
0.04 0.05 0.09
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.29 0.31 0.32
0.00 0.00 0.00
1.07 0.47 0.35
0.00 0.00 0.00
4.25 3.98 4.89
0.67 0.87 1.05
Textiles
1998 1999 2000
0.59 0.60 0.62
0.34 0.32 0.35
0.07 0.06 0.06
0.04 0.03 0.03
0.74 0.73 0.67
0.82 0.73 0.73
0.02 0.01 0.02
0.01 0.02 0.02
0.03 0.04 0.03
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.37 0.29 0.27
0.03 0.04 0.04
4.16 4.87 5.35
3.11 3.40 3.75
Clothing
1998 1999 2000
0.08 0.08 0.10
0.54 0.51 0.50
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.06 0.06 0.07
0.11 0.12 0.12
1.84 1.62 1.52
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.03 0.03 0.03
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.01 0.01 0.02
0.01 0.01 0.00
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.20 0.25 0.31
12.23 14.16 17.57
Other consumer goods
1998 1999 2000
10.23 12.11 13.04
8.45 8.58 10.12
0.68 0.64 0.75
0.09 0.14 0.20
7.67 8.07 7.70
7.19 7.90 8.65
0.13 0.12 0.14
0.07 0.07 0.08
0.20 0.20 0.18
0.02 0.02 0.02
0.51 0.52 0.50
0.09 0.10 0.11
12.12 15.24 20.19
12.95 15.25 17.75
1998 1999 2000
126.22 136.76 151.66
75.23 75.55 81.31
14.01 11.49 13.22
8.97 9.25 10.60
77.19 79.52 83.42
43.49 47.82 51.66
2.40 2.02 2.52
3.76 4.63 5.78
4.80 4.52 4.20
3.88 4.05 4.93
12.76 10.17 9.98
25.51 30.33 49.25
144.34 166.00 207.49
119.79 138.32 176.13
Manufactures
Total merchandise a
208
North America
Table A19 (continued)
Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - Japan (Billion dollars)
exp Agricultural products
imp
EU (15) exp
China
imp
exp
imp
Taipei, Chinese
Korea, Rep of
exp
exp
imp
exp
imp
imp
Hong Kong, China
World b exp
imp
1998 1999 2000
0.55 0.63 0.62
17.00 17.36 17.86
0.43 0.45 0.44
5.19 5.69 5.94
0.53 0.51 0.63
5.45 6.23 7.03
0.60 0.59 0.51
1.09 1.23 1.24
0.26 0.42 0.52
1.83 2.15 1.93
0.50 0.49 0.52
0.09 0.07 0.06
4.09 4.21 4.39
56.59 59.75 62.19
Food
1998 1999 2000
0.37 0.44 0.42
13.76 14.34 14.86
0.10 0.10 0.11
4.35 4.59 4.75
0.10 0.10 0.14
4.68 5.33 5.95
0.39 0.43 0.36
0.87 1.01 1.00
0.09 0.20 0.26
1.65 1.94 1.73
0.38 0.38 0.40
0.09 0.06 0.05
2.05 2.17 2.17
44.46 46.96 48.58
Raw materials
1998 1999 2000
0.18 0.19 0.20
3.24 3.02 2.99
0.33 0.34 0.32
0.83 1.10 1.19
0.43 0.40 0.49
0.77 0.90 1.07
0.20 0.17 0.16
0.22 0.22 0.23
0.17 0.22 0.27
0.18 0.21 0.20
0.13 0.11 0.12
0.00 0.00 0.00
2.04 2.05 2.22
12.12 12.79 13.61
Mining products
1998 1999 2000
0.87 0.85 1.03
2.33 2.15 2.45
0.35 0.35 0.46
0.99 1.07 1.26
0.86 1.03 1.18
2.34 2.22 3.26
1.02 1.05 1.08
0.27 0.23 0.31
0.80 1.01 1.30
1.35 2.15 3.68
0.66 0.45 0.53
0.04 0.04 0.04
5.99 6.30 7.44
60.02 66.81 98.39
Ores and other minerals
1998 1999 2000
0.03 0.03 0.04
0.69 0.66 0.73
0.06 0.06 0.09
0.29 0.31 0.25
0.20 0.23 0.33
0.39 0.40 0.49
0.13 0.14 0.12
0.09 0.09 0.14
0.27 0.28 0.36
0.09 0.07 0.10
0.04 0.02 0.02
0.03 0.03 0.03
0.84 0.88 1.06
8.81 8.89 10.30
Fuels
1998 1999 2000
0.26 0.31 0.39
1.01 0.94 1.13
0.05 0.03 0.04
0.05 0.10 0.05
0.24 0.20 0.22
1.52 1.38 2.18
0.10 0.12 0.07
0.01 0.01 0.03
0.12 0.19 0.27
1.12 1.96 3.42
0.13 0.09 0.13
0.00 0.00 0.00
1.24 1.23 1.52
43.27 49.89 77.43
Non-ferrous metals
1998 1999 2000
0.58 0.51 0.59
0.63 0.55 0.59
0.24 0.25 0.34
0.64 0.65 0.97
0.42 0.59 0.63
0.43 0.44 0.60
0.78 0.79 0.89
0.17 0.12 0.15
0.41 0.53 0.67
0.14 0.12 0.17
0.49 0.34 0.38
0.00 0.01 0.01
3.91 4.20 4.85
7.94 8.04 10.66
1998 1999 2000
113.99 123.77 136.80
46.75 46.24 50.54
68.90 71.57 74.83
32.20 35.30 38.79
18.31 21.21 27.78
29.11 34.11 44.37
23.12 26.19 33.01
8.41 10.93 15.81
13.87 20.86 27.81
8.63 11.55 14.51
20.47 20.19 25.05
1.39 1.44 1.36
365.56 393.14 449.69
158.73 177.67 212.67
Iron and steel
1998 1999 2000
3.22 1.56 1.42
0.16 0.14 0.19
0.62 0.43 0.46
0.19 0.17 0.22
1.51 1.53 2.13
0.43 0.38 0.62
1.42 1.35 1.38
0.35 0.37 0.43
1.17 1.92 2.50
1.14 1.08 1.27
1.05 0.91 0.96
0.00 0.00 0.00
14.87 13.46 14.83
3.20 2.95 3.66
Chemicals
1998 1999 2000
6.02 6.44 7.11
6.29 6.51 7.48
4.91 5.04 5.14
7.72 9.31 10.05
2.32 3.00 3.98
1.26 1.31 1.60
3.48 3.99 4.91
0.59 0.63 0.95
2.66 3.50 4.21
0.83 0.87 1.16
1.93 2.08 2.35
0.02 0.02 0.02
27.24 30.72 35.16
20.57 22.78 26.04
Other semimanufactures
1998 1999 2000
4.66 4.93 5.11
2.56 2.39 2.65
2.60 2.68 2.71
2.21 2.30 2.48
1.08 1.23 1.58
1.89 2.17 2.78
1.24 1.35 1.57
0.52 0.54 0.62
0.65 0.94 1.15
0.61 0.78 0.98
1.24 1.26 1.33
0.10 0.13 0.14
17.08 18.21 19.96
12.14 13.63 15.31
Machinery and transport equipment
1998 1999 2000
89.58 98.49 109.92
28.76 28.10 29.63
52.59 54.84 58.40
13.54 14.81 16.77
10.37 11.63 15.35
7.69 9.19 12.99
14.02 15.59 19.23
4.91 7.28 11.40
7.66 11.87 15.94
3.67 5.85 8.08
12.67 11.92 15.91
0.71 0.78 0.72
268.47 286.79 329.66
74.88 85.29 106.07
Power generating machinery
1998 1999 2000
1.16 1.47 1.82
2.09 2.12 2.57
0.84 0.79 0.85
0.47 0.51 0.54
0.87 0.48 0.51
0.54 0.59 0.69
0.40 0.31 0.27
0.07 0.07 0.07
0.37 0.35 0.39
0.08 0.07 0.07
0.17 0.18 0.19
0.01 0.00 0.00
6.23 5.60 6.42
3.67 3.78 4.45
Other nonelectrical machinery
1998 1999 2000
13.77 12.85 15.05
3.77 3.63 3.88
8.35 9.07 9.60
3.20 2.83 3.12
3.27 3.71 4.59
0.77 0.83 1.08
4.81 5.75 7.26
0.50 0.51 0.60
1.87 3.18 5.13
0.47 0.55 0.66
2.00 2.02 2.66
0.03 0.03 0.03
47.76 50.24 60.77
10.30 9.99 11.16
Office and telecommunication equipment
1998 1999 2000
28.89 30.35 33.24
12.68 11.94 14.17
19.22 19.72 22.86
2.88 3.47 4.67
2.90 3.63 5.25
3.57 4.26 6.42
4.72 5.35 6.59
3.48 5.66 9.43
2.92 4.66 6.13
2.58 4.53 6.43
5.76 6.06 7.98
0.53 0.56 0.54
85.03 91.37 108.18
36.55 44.06 60.87
Electrical machinery and apparatus
1998 1999 2000
6.43 7.38 9.03
2.88 3.06 3.97
5.10 5.50 6.92
1.35 1.48 1.64
2.09 2.55 3.39
2.47 3.04 4.15
2.32 2.66 3.22
0.52 0.63 0.82
2.03 2.98 3.37
0.43 0.52 0.70
2.43 2.62 3.51
0.12 0.15 0.13
28.25 32.04 39.79
9.82 11.45 14.77
Automotive products
1998 1999 2000
33.99 40.04 43.92
2.02 1.82 2.16
14.84 15.32 13.18
5.01 5.67 6.02
0.93 0.90 1.31
0.10 0.14 0.20
1.20 1.09 1.30
0.14 0.18 0.21
0.34 0.50 0.66
0.06 0.09 0.14
1.44 0.72 0.91
0.00 0.00 0.00
77.61 82.73 88.08
7.81 8.60 9.96
Other transport equipment
1998 1999 2000
5.35 6.41 6.87
5.33 5.54 2.87
4.24 4.45 4.98
0.64 0.85 0.78
0.30 0.36 0.30
0.24 0.33 0.45
0.58 0.42 0.59
0.19 0.23 0.28
0.13 0.20 0.26
0.06 0.09 0.08
0.87 0.32 0.66
0.01 0.03 0.02
23.59 24.80 26.43
6.73 7.41 4.87
Textiles
1998 1999 2000
0.55 0.56 0.58
0.33 0.32 0.35
0.69 0.69 0.62
0.77 0.69 0.69
1.79 2.26 2.58
1.54 1.73 2.04
0.35 0.33 0.33
0.26 0.26 0.28
0.29 0.37 0.41
0.34 0.39 0.40
0.78 0.84 0.89
0.01 0.01 0.01
5.97 6.60 7.02
4.36 4.55 4.94
Clothing
1998 1999 2000
0.08 0.08 0.09
0.51 0.49 0.47
0.11 0.11 0.11
1.80 1.59 1.48
0.05 0.05 0.05
9.55 11.43 14.71
0.07 0.10 0.12
0.16 0.14 0.11
0.01 0.02 0.05
0.91 1.03 0.95
0.03 0.05 0.06
0.15 0.10 0.10
0.41 0.46 0.53
14.72 16.40 19.71
Other consumer goods
1998 1999 2000
9.87 11.70 12.57
8.15 8.29 9.77
7.37 7.78 7.40
5.96 6.45 7.12
1.18 1.49 2.11
6.75 7.91 9.63
2.54 3.48 5.47
1.62 1.72 2.01
1.43 2.24 3.55
1.13 1.55 1.66
2.77 3.13 3.55
0.40 0.40 0.37
31.54 36.91 42.51
28.86 32.07 36.94
1998 1999 2000
119.85 129.80 143.98
67.48 67.53 72.51
71.69 74.58 78.41
39.09 42.78 46.80
20.09 23.34 30.38
37.09 42.85 55.10
25.60 28.78 35.94
10.23 12.80 17.90
15.36 22.89 30.70
12.08 16.03 20.45
22.60 22.02 27.18
1.73 1.79 1.67
388.14 417.61 479.25
280.63 309.99 379.66
Manufactures
Total merchandise a
Appendix tables
United States
a Includes unspecified products. b Includes unspecified destinations and origins. Note: For sources and methods, see the Technical Notes.
209
Table A20
Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - Singapore (Billion dollars) C./E. Europe/
Agricultural products
Appendix tables
Latin America
Western Europe
exp
exp
exp
imp
imp
imp
Baltic States/CIS exp
imp
Africa
Middle East
exp
imp
exp
imp
Asia exp
imp
1998 1999 2000
0.25 0.25 0.24
0.77 0.69 0.56
0.04 0.05 0.05
0.14 0.15 0.15
0.47 0.40 0.35
0.94 0.92 1.00
0.09 0.03 0.04
0.00 0.01 0.00
0.14 0.13 0.12
0.09 0.14 0.17
0.19 0.19 0.18
0.02 0.04 0.03
3.29 2.81 2.76
3.03 3.05 2.99
Food
1998 1999 2000
0.21 0.20 0.20
0.71 0.62 0.51
0.02 0.03 0.02
0.13 0.14 0.14
0.31 0.28 0.22
0.91 0.89 0.96
0.08 0.03 0.04
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.12 0.12 0.10
0.07 0.12 0.16
0.14 0.14 0.14
0.02 0.04 0.03
2.85 2.42 2.38
2.60 2.63 2.56
Raw materials
1998 1999 2000
0.04 0.04 0.04
0.07 0.06 0.05
0.03 0.02 0.02
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.16 0.12 0.13
0.03 0.03 0.03
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.03 0.02 0.02
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.05 0.04 0.04
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.43 0.40 0.38
0.43 0.43 0.43
Mining products
1998 1999 2000
0.29 0.41 0.39
0.22 0.34 0.50
0.54 0.64 1.07
0.17 0.13 0.20
0.56 0.57 0.91
0.24 0.38 0.71
0.01 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.08 0.29
0.22 0.27 0.33
0.12 0.29 0.29
0.17 0.25 0.42
5.96 7.18 10.49
7.82 8.39 11.85
3.19 3.38 5.91
Ores and other minerals
1998 1999 2000
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.02 0.03 0.03
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.02 0.02
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.01 0.01
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.01 0.02 0.03
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.26 0.25 0.31
0.17 0.20 0.37
Fuels
1998 1999 2000
0.23 0.35 0.35
0.13 0.24 0.34
0.54 0.64 1.07
0.04 0.02 0.15
0.52 0.54 0.87
0.07 0.19 0.46
0.01 0.01 0.02
0.00 0.03 0.22
0.22 0.26 0.32
0.07 0.26 0.24
0.16 0.23 0.40
5.94 7.14 10.45
6.54 7.05 10.41
1.92 2.20 4.41
Non-ferrous metals
1998 1999 2000
0.06 0.05 0.04
0.07 0.07 0.14
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.12 0.11 0.05
0.03 0.02 0.02
0.15 0.17 0.23
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.02 0.04 0.06
0.00 0.01 0.01
0.03 0.01 0.02
0.01 0.02 0.02
0.03 0.04 0.04
1.02 1.08 1.12
1.10 0.98 1.13
1998 1999 2000
21.50 21.56 23.68
17.79 17.80 19.38
1.19 1.19 1.38
0.70 0.77 0.61
17.12 17.10 18.41
14.17 14.69 16.27
0.47 0.33 0.37
0.36 0.51 0.50
0.97 0.94 1.17
0.12 0.15 0.31
1.75 1.36 1.61
0.60 0.61 0.72
49.80 55.99 71.12
51.02 57.86 72.34
Iron and steel
1998 1999 2000
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.09 0.08 0.09
0.00 0.01 0.00
0.06 0.04 0.04
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.46 0.32 0.34
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.10 0.12 0.14
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.04 0.03 0.04
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.47 0.43 0.48
1.21 1.05 1.11
Chemicals
1998 1999 2000
0.47 0.76 0.60
1.77 1.72 2.19
0.08 0.11 0.11
0.02 0.03 0.05
0.99 1.96 1.54
1.99 2.23 2.19
0.01 0.02 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.08 0.10 0.11
0.04 0.04 0.05
0.13 0.14 0.17
0.28 0.22 0.27
5.34 5.99 7.09
2.06 2.39 2.96
Other semimanufactures
1998 1999 2000
0.12 0.14 0.21
0.69 0.63 0.56
0.02 0.02 0.03
0.03 0.05 0.06
0.32 0.28 0.25
1.03 1.10 1.06
0.01 0.02 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.02
0.05 0.04 0.05
0.03 0.02 0.03
0.07 0.07 0.07
0.06 0.06 0.07
1.84 1.87 1.94
2.65 2.79 3.03
Machinery and transport equipment
1998 1999 2000
19.05 18.75 20.52
12.61 12.43 13.51
0.95 0.93 1.11
0.55 0.60 0.41
14.30 13.49 15.18
8.92 9.11 10.59
0.40 0.25 0.32
0.23 0.37 0.31
0.66 0.64 0.85
0.02 0.05 0.19
1.17 0.84 1.03
0.19 0.25 0.29
36.37 41.05 53.86
38.44 44.01 56.66
Power generating machinery
1998 1999 2000
0.06 0.06 0.07
0.34 0.40 0.38
0.01 0.01 0.02
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.07 0.07 0.10
0.29 0.24 0.34
0.00 0.00 0.01
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.85 0.79 0.88
1.22 1.12 1.12
Other nonelectrical machinery
1998 1999 2000
0.42 0.43 0.47
2.52 2.56 3.10
0.04 0.05 0.05
0.01 0.01 0.02
0.33 0.37 0.36
2.06 1.99 2.31
0.05 0.03 0.04
0.01 0.01 0.03
0.12 0.11 0.14
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.28 0.22 0.27
0.04 0.06 0.08
4.06 4.09 5.25
3.56 3.82 5.14
Office and telecommunication equipment
1998 1999 2000
17.33 17.25 18.73
6.37 6.23 7.49
0.64 0.68 0.84
0.46 0.52 0.30
12.75 11.95 13.63
3.91 4.46 5.32
0.30 0.17 0.23
0.15 0.21 0.21
0.44 0.44 0.42
0.01 0.03 0.16
0.62 0.44 0.59
0.08 0.08 0.09
25.46 29.68 39.60
26.20 30.75 40.72
Electrical machinery and apparatus
1998 1999 2000
0.68 0.77 0.89
1.17 1.20 1.34
0.20 0.17 0.18
0.06 0.07 0.07
0.67 0.64 0.85
1.16 1.16 1.31
0.04 0.05 0.04
0.05 0.06 0.07
0.05 0.05 0.04
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.10 0.08 0.09
0.07 0.10 0.10
4.66 5.22 6.63
5.21 5.68 7.03
Automotive products
1998 1999 2000
0.05 0.06 0.06
0.19 0.13 0.12
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.00 0.01 0.01
0.06 0.03 0.02
0.41 0.52 0.75
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.02 0.02 0.02
0.00 0.01 0.03
0.03 0.02 0.02
0.00 0.01 0.01
0.45 0.49 0.55
0.69 0.88 1.50
Other transport equipment
1998 1999 2000
0.51 0.19 0.30
2.02 1.90 1.07
0.05 0.01 0.02
0.01 0.00 0.00
0.42 0.43 0.21
1.09 0.74 0.55
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.03 0.09 0.00
0.01 0.01 0.22
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.13 0.06 0.04
0.01 0.01 0.00
0.90 0.78 0.96
1.56 1.76 1.16
Textiles
1998 1999 2000
0.01 0.02 0.01
0.07 0.06 0.08
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.03 0.03 0.03
0.12 0.12 0.14
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.05 0.05 0.05
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.05 0.04 0.03
0.00 0.01 0.01
0.71 0.72 0.77
0.85 0.92 1.05
Clothing
1998 1999 2000
0.81 0.92 1.10
0.03 0.02 0.03
0.03 0.02 0.02
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.40 0.46 0.50
0.10 0.09 0.11
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.01 0.00 0.00
0.01 0.01 0.02
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.17 0.19 0.20
1.26 1.53 1.73
Other consumer goods
1998 1999 2000
1.03 0.97 1.24
2.54 2.86 2.92
0.11 0.09 0.10
0.03 0.04 0.04
1.06 0.89 0.89
1.55 1.72 1.84
0.04 0.03 0.03
0.00 0.01 0.01
0.11 0.10 0.10
0.00 0.01 0.01
0.28 0.24 0.25
0.06 0.07 0.07
4.90 5.74 6.78
4.54 5.18 5.81
1998 1999 2000
22.44 22.51 24.51
19.29 19.43 20.82
1.78 1.88 2.50
1.01 1.10 0.97
19.19 18.29 19.82
15.78 16.49 18.40
0.57 0.37 0.42
0.39 0.61 0.79
1.35 1.36 1.63
0.33 0.58 0.77
2.15 1.85 2.24
6.59 7.87 11.31
62.29 68.33 86.80
57.85 64.96 81.92
Manufactures
Total merchandise a
210
North America
Table A20 (continued)
Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - Singapore (Billion dollars)
exp Agricultural products
United States
imp
exp
imp
Japan exp
EU (15) imp
exp
Hong Kong, China
imp
Taipei, Chinese
exp
imp
exp
imp
World b exp
imp
1998 1999 2000
0.56 0.54 0.50
1.18 1.15 1.12
0.22 0.22 0.21
0.74 0.66 0.53
0.54 0.56 0.53
0.12 0.13 0.16
0.43 0.39 0.34
0.88 0.84 0.92
0.25 0.25 0.23
0.11 0.06 0.05
0.11 0.08 0.10
0.08 0.07 0.07
4.47 3.86 3.73
4.99 4.98 4.91
Food
1998 1999 2000
0.47 0.43 0.39
0.97 0.97 0.94
0.19 0.19 0.18
0.68 0.60 0.49
0.50 0.51 0.49
0.10 0.11 0.13
0.28 0.28 0.22
0.86 0.81 0.89
0.22 0.22 0.21
0.11 0.05 0.05
0.09 0.06 0.08
0.07 0.05 0.05
3.73 3.22 3.10
4.44 4.44 4.37
Raw materials
1998 1999 2000
0.09 0.10 0.11
0.21 0.18 0.19
0.03 0.04 0.03
0.06 0.06 0.04
0.05 0.05 0.04
0.02 0.03 0.03
0.16 0.12 0.12
0.03 0.03 0.03
0.03 0.03 0.03
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.02 0.02
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.75 0.64 0.63
0.55 0.54 0.54
Mining products
1998 1999 2000
1.56 1.65 2.72
0.74 0.71 1.28
0.27 0.38 0.37
0.20 0.31 0.46
0.48 0.65 0.87
0.31 0.32 0.36
0.44 0.43 0.66
0.23 0.37 0.65
2.11 2.07 2.49
0.02 0.03 0.03
0.32 0.32 0.55
0.26 0.14 0.19
9.61 10.54 14.99
9.92 11.78 18.39
Ores and other minerals
1998 1999 2000
0.04 0.06 0.07
0.09 0.13 0.28
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.02 0.02 0.03
0.05 0.05 0.07
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.02 0.02
0.04 0.02 0.02
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.01 0.01 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.28 0.26 0.33
0.23 0.28 0.46
Fuels
1998 1999 2000
1.23 1.26 2.36
0.46 0.40 0.78
0.21 0.33 0.32
0.13 0.24 0.34
0.36 0.51 0.72
0.04 0.07 0.07
0.40 0.41 0.63
0.07 0.19 0.40
2.01 1.99 2.38
0.00 0.01 0.01
0.19 0.22 0.44
0.16 0.06 0.10
8.21 9.10 13.44
8.17 10.08 16.27
Non-ferrous metals
1998 1999 2000
0.29 0.32 0.28
0.19 0.19 0.22
0.06 0.05 0.04
0.05 0.05 0.10
0.08 0.09 0.07
0.26 0.24 0.28
0.03 0.02 0.02
0.14 0.16 0.22
0.06 0.06 0.09
0.02 0.02 0.01
0.11 0.10 0.10
0.09 0.08 0.08
1.12 1.18 1.22
1.52 1.42 1.66
1998 1999 2000
14.38 16.57 21.65
13.77 15.39 20.47
20.98 21.16 23.19
17.39 17.46 18.99
5.91 7.08 8.85
16.26 17.73 22.36
16.31 16.43 17.17
12.66 12.49 13.37
6.70 6.39 7.99
2.66 3.03 3.41
4.24 5.10 7.53
3.68 4.22 5.71
92.93 98.54 118.04
85.25 92.41 110.14
Iron and steel
1998 1999 2000
0.21 0.22 0.24
0.15 0.14 0.12
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.08 0.07 0.08
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.67 0.57 0.62
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.30 0.21 0.23
0.03 0.03 0.03
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.04 0.05 0.06
0.56 0.50 0.55
1.94 1.62 1.72
Chemicals
1998 1999 2000
1.23 1.28 1.40
0.35 0.43 0.58
0.46 0.73 0.57
1.74 1.68 2.16
0.36 0.47 0.50
0.88 1.03 1.25
0.94 1.93 1.51
1.72 1.87 1.94
0.58 0.58 0.68
0.05 0.06 0.09
0.58 0.54 0.76
0.26 0.22 0.27
7.11 9.07 9.62
6.17 6.63 7.74
Other semimanufactures
1998 1999 2000
0.62 0.71 0.79
0.76 0.79 0.84
0.11 0.13 0.19
0.62 0.58 0.52
0.13 0.10 0.09
0.77 0.74 0.87
0.30 0.26 0.24
0.98 1.05 1.01
0.21 0.20 0.21
0.11 0.12 0.13
0.08 0.08 0.09
0.18 0.19 0.20
2.43 2.44 2.55
4.51 4.66 4.83
Machinery and transport equipment
1998 1999 2000
10.92 12.75 17.52
10.49 11.93 16.48
18.62 18.46 20.16
12.34 12.21 13.22
4.71 5.01 6.16
12.18 13.32 17.37
13.74 12.95 14.08
8.30 7.91 8.65
5.13 4.95 6.38
1.82 2.00 2.23
3.27 4.06 6.26
2.72 3.24 4.60
73.02 76.02 93.18
61.45 66.85 81.98
Power generating machinery
1998 1999 2000
0.30 0.28 0.29
0.29 0.22 0.21
0.06 0.05 0.07
0.32 0.38 0.35
0.13 0.12 0.14
0.38 0.28 0.32
0.07 0.07 0.10
0.28 0.23 0.30
0.09 0.09 0.10
0.02 0.02 0.03
0.03 0.04 0.05
0.05 0.04 0.04
1.01 0.95 1.10
1.86 1.76 1.85
Other nonelectrical machinery
1998 1999 2000
1.14 1.42 1.87
0.44 0.45 0.46
0.40 0.40 0.45
2.46 2.50 3.05
0.21 0.20 0.30
2.17 2.32 3.34
0.30 0.33 0.32
1.87 1.82 2.11
0.42 0.38 0.41
0.11 0.08 0.18
0.21 0.20 0.36
0.16 0.18 0.22
5.29 5.29 6.59
8.21 8.46 10.68
Office and telecommunication equipment
1998 1999 2000
7.20 8.46 11.92
8.34 9.74 14.15
17.12 17.03 18.42
6.25 6.13 7.32
3.89 4.20 5.12
6.34 7.11 9.13
12.37 11.54 12.61
3.58 3.52 3.74
3.99 3.88 5.17
1.35 1.53 1.54
2.65 3.42 5.40
1.89 2.43 3.67
57.55 60.60 74.05
37.16 42.28 54.28
Electrical machinery and apparatus
1998 1999 2000
2.12 2.38 3.11
1.25 1.34 1.48
0.66 0.74 0.87
1.15 1.19 1.33
0.34 0.37 0.44
1.94 2.14 2.72
0.65 0.63 0.83
1.07 1.09 1.22
0.48 0.45 0.55
0.30 0.34 0.46
0.21 0.26 0.30
0.45 0.46 0.61
6.40 6.98 8.72
7.71 8.26 9.93
Automotive products
1998 1999 2000
0.06 0.11 0.14
0.04 0.05 0.05
0.05 0.06 0.05
0.19 0.13 0.11
0.02 0.02 0.02
0.57 0.71 1.21
0.06 0.03 0.02
0.41 0.52 0.75
0.06 0.06 0.07
0.00 0.01 0.01
0.05 0.04 0.04
0.01 0.02 0.03
0.62 0.63 0.68
1.29 1.55 2.43
Other transport equipment
1998 1999 2000
0.09 0.11 0.19
0.13 0.13 0.14
0.33 0.18 0.29
1.97 1.88 1.05
0.12 0.10 0.15
0.79 0.75 0.65
0.30 0.36 0.19
1.08 0.73 0.53
0.08 0.09 0.09
0.03 0.02 0.02
0.11 0.11 0.10
0.15 0.10 0.02
2.16 1.57 2.05
5.21 4.53 2.81
Textiles
1998 1999 2000
0.30 0.31 0.32
0.17 0.17 0.21
0.00 0.02 0.01
0.07 0.06 0.08
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.09 0.10 0.10
0.03 0.02 0.03
0.11 0.11 0.12
0.04 0.04 0.04
0.06 0.07 0.09
0.04 0.06 0.06
0.17 0.17 0.20
0.86 0.85 0.91
1.05 1.12 1.28
Clothing
1998 1999 2000
0.05 0.06 0.08
0.67 0.67 0.75
0.77 0.87 1.04
0.03 0.02 0.03
0.05 0.05 0.04
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.39 0.45 0.50
0.10 0.08 0.10
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.21 0.27 0.31
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.02 0.02
1.43 1.60 1.83
1.41 1.65 1.89
Other consumer goods
1998 1999 2000
1.07 1.24 1.30
1.18 1.26 1.49
1.00 0.94 1.22
2.51 2.83 2.89
0.65 1.45 2.04
1.66 1.96 2.13
0.89 0.81 0.81
1.15 1.26 1.32
0.69 0.58 0.64
0.40 0.51 0.57
0.25 0.35 0.34
0.30 0.32 0.36
7.53 8.06 9.39
8.72 9.89 10.71
1998 1999 2000
16.75 18.98 25.10
15.72 17.29 22.91
21.87 22.06 23.96
18.83 19.02 20.34
7.23 8.51 10.43
17.03 18.49 23.23
17.42 17.42 18.30
14.13 14.13 15.29
9.22 8.80 10.87
2.85 3.19 3.52
4.74 5.59 8.25
4.02 4.45 5.99
109.90 114.68 138.23
101.73 111.06 134.99
Manufactures
Total merchandise a
Appendix tables
Malaysia
a Includes unspecified products. b Includes unspecified destinations and origins. Note: For sources and methods, see the Technical Notes.
211
Table A21
Export prices of primary commodities, 1990-01 (Indices 1990=100) 1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2000 Q1
Q2
2001 Q3
Q4
Food, beverages and tobacco
99
98
97
111
118
125
122
106
89
85
88
86
82
85
86
99
101
100
105
114
128
114
100
84
84
84
84
80
86
86
84
98
105
98
105
123
148
114
96
84
82
83
81
77
87
88
85
Wheat
95
112
104
111
131
153
118
93
83
84
79
81
82
94
96
96
Maize
98
95
93
99
113
151
107
93
83
81
86
84
70
82
85
78
109
99
88
100
119
125
112
113
92
75
89
76
69
68
67
61
Rice Vegetable oils and protein meals
83
101
105
106
115
124
137
137
123
94
92
94
94
88
91
86
82
Meat
101
96
102
93
77
76
79
71
75
78
80
79
75
77
81
83
Beef
104
96
102
91
74
70
72
67
72
76
77
77
73
75
76
79
Lamb
87
95
103
104
94
120
124
96
96
93
103
89
86
95
107
107
Sugar Bananas
89
83
88
99
108
101
95
81
67
74
60
69
83
83
81
76
104
88
82
81
81
87
90
91
79
80
91
80
66
73
109
109
Beverages
93
81
86
150
151
125
165
140
110
92
103
95
89
82
81
77
Coffee
94
73
83
180
184
139
192
150
116
91
109
96
84
74
70
69
Cocoa beans
94
87
88
110
113
115
128
132
90
71
71
73
72
70
86
82
Tea
91
98
91
90
81
87
117
117
114
122
117
122
126
123
113
98
106
101
80
88
78
90
104
98
91
88
90
89
87
87
87
89
96
99
117
129
135
130
120
99
102
104
107
107
102
99
99
106 136
Tobacco
Agricultural raw materials Timber
105
117
155
157
148
151
141
121
134
132
140
138
127
121
123
Cotton
93
70
70
97
119
98
96
79
64
72
64
72
73
77
72
60
Wool
71
68
58
83
93
84
84
61
60
62
64
62
62
58
57
58
Rubber
96
100
96
130
183
162
118
84
74
80
81
83
79
77
73
73
Hides and skins
86
82
87
94
96
95
96
83
78
87
83
84
88
92
95
109
Jute
90
68
66
72
90
111
74
64
68
68
73
70
64
64
72
83
Sisal
94
71
86
85
99
121
109
115
97
82
77
89
91
93
101
102
81
Minerals and non-ferrous metals (excluding crude petroleum)
87
84
72
84
100
89
92
78
77
86
88
84
87
84
84
Copper
88
86
72
87
110
86
86
62
59
68
68
65
70
69
66
62
Aluminum
80
77
70
90
110
92
98
83
83
95
100
90
96
92
96
92
Iron ore Tin
108
103
91
83
88
93
98
101
90
94
94
94
94
94
98
98
91
100
85
90
102
101
93
91
89
89
94
89
88
86
84
81
Nickel
92
79
60
71
93
85
78
52
68
97
106
106
93
84
74
76
Zinc
74
82
64
66
68
68
87
68
71
74
74
75
78
71
67
62
Lead
69
67
50
68
78
96
77
65
62
56
56
52
58
58
61
57
103
98
83
90
99
113
114
117
112
107
107
107
108
106
104
106
Total of above
94
94
96
109
118
117
113
96
90
91
94
92
89
89
89
89
Crude petroleum
84
83
73
69
75
89
84
57
78
123
116
117
130
129
117
116
All primary commodities
90
91
90
98
106
109
105
86
87
100
100
99
100
100
97
97
Fertilizers
Note: The indices are period averages based on dollar prices. The quarterly figures are not seasonally adjusted. For sources and methods, see the Technical Notes.
Appendix tables
Q2
Food Cereals
212
Q1
Technical Notes
I. Composition of country groups 1. Regions
North America: Canada, United States of America, and territories in North America n.e.s. Latin America: Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela and other countries and territories in Latin America n.e.s. Western Europe: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Slovenia, Yugoslavia (the last five countries mentioned comprise the former Yugoslavia), and territories in Western Europe n.e.s. Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic States and the Commonwealth of Independent States (transition economies), of which Central and Eastern Europe: Albania, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania and the Slovak Republic; the Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania; and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS): Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, The Kyrgyz Republic, Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. The grouping former USSR refers to the Baltic States and the CIS. Africa, of which North Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Morocco and Tunisia; and Sub-Saharan Africa comprising: Western Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Côte d’Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo; Central Africa: Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Rwanda, and Sao Tome and Principe; Eastern Africa: Comoros, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, Somalia, Sudan, United Republic of Tanzania and Uganda; and Southern Africa: Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, Zimbabwe and territories in Africa n.e.s. The Middle East: Bahrain, Cyprus, Iraq, Islamic Republic of Iran, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Republic, United Arab Emirates, Yemen and other countries and territories in the Middle East n.e.s. Asia, of which West Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka; and East Asia (including Oceania): Australia; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; China; Fiji; Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China (Hong Kong, China); Indonesia; Japan; Kiribati; Lao People’s Democratic Republic; Macau, China; Malaysia; Mongolia; Myanmar; New Zealand; Papua New Guinea; Philippines; Republic of Korea; Samoa; Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu (Taipei, Chinese); Singapore;
Solomon Islands; Thailand; Tonga; Tuvalu; Vanuatu; Viet Nam and other countries and territories in Asia and the Pacific n.e.s. 2. Regional integration agreements ANDEAN: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela. APEC: Australia; Brunei Darussalam; Canada; Chile; China; Hong Kong, China; Indonesia; Japan; Republic of Korea; Malaysia; Mexico; New Zealand; Papua New Guinea; Peru; Philippines; Russian Federation; Singapore; Taipei, Chinese; Thailand; United States of America and Viet Nam. ASEAN: Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam. CEFTA: Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovenia and the Slovak Republic. EUROPEAN UNION: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. MERCOSUR: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. NAFTA: Canada, Mexico and the United States of America. SAPTA: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. 3. Other country groups Least-developed countries: Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sudan, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Vanuatu, Yemen and Zambia. Six East Asian traders: Hong Kong, China; Malaysia; Republic of Korea; Singapore; Taipei, Chinese and Thailand. The designations used in this report do not imply an expression of opinion by the Secretariat concerning either the status of any country, territory or area, or the delimitation of its frontiers. 4. Political boundaries Changes in political boundaries since 1991 involving the former Czech and Slovak Federal Republic, the former Yugoslavia and the former USSR are reflected in this report, as far as available statistics permit. This means that, beginning with 1992, data for these former entities are no longer given. This information is replaced with data for their successor states. In the case of the successor states to the former Czech and Slovak Federal Republic and the former Yugoslavia, the statistics include their mutual trade. In the case of the successor states of the former USSR, the absence of detailed merchandise trade statistics for most of them has ruled out the inclusion of their mutual trade at the disaggregated product level, as well as, for comparability reason, at the aggregate level. However, recent improvements in data collection have meant that mutual trade between the successor states of the former USSR has been included systematically in the tables, starting with data for 1996. The effects on the continuity of the data series are explained in Section III.2 below.
Technical Notes
This Note details the definitions, methods and sources of the statistics used in International Trade Statistics 2001.
213
II. DEFINITIONS AND METHODS II.1 Merchandise trade 1. Exports and imports Two systems of recording merchandise exports and imports are in common use. They are referred to as general trade and special trade and differ mainly in the way warehoused and reexported goods are treated. General trade figures are larger than the corresponding special trade figures because the latter exclude certain trade flows, such as goods shipped through bonded warehouses. Unless otherwise noted, total merchandise trade is defined in this report according to the general trade definition. It covers all types of inward and outward movement of goods through a country or territory including movements through customs warehouses and free zones. For further explanations, see United Nations International Trade Statistics, Concepts and Definitions, Series M, No 52, Revision 2. Unless otherwise indicated, exports are valued at transaction value, including the cost of transportation and insurance to bring the merchandise to the frontier of the exporting country or territory (f.o.b. valuation). Imports are valued at transaction value plus the cost of transportation and insurance to the frontier of the importing country or territory (c.i.f. valuation). 2. Products All product groups are defined according to Revision 3 of the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC). The following groupings are used in this report:
Technical Notes
A. Primary products (i) Agricultural products - Food: food and live animals; beverages and tobacco; animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes; oilseeds and oleaginous fruit (SITC sections 0, 1, 4 and division 22). - Raw materials: hides, skins and furskins, raw; crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed); cork and wood; pulp and waste paper; textile fibres and their wastes; crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s. (SITC divisions 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 29). (ii) Mining products - Ores and other minerals: crude fertilizers (other than those classified in chemicals) and crude minerals; metalliferous ores and metal scrap (SITC divisions 27, 28). - Fuels: (SITC section 3). - Non-ferrous metals: (SITC division 68).
214
B. Manufactures: (SITC sections 5, 6, 7, 8 minus division 68 and group 891) (i) Iron and steel: (SITC division 67). (ii) Chemicals: organic chemicals (SITC division 51); plastics (SITC divisions 57, 58); inorganic chemicals (SITC division 52); pharmaceuticals (SITC division 54); other chemicals (SITC divisions 53, 55, 56, 59). (iii) Other semi-manufactures: leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins; rubber manufactures, n.e.s.; cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture); paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard; non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.; manufactures of metals, n.e.s. (SITC divisions 61, 62, 63, 64, 66, 69). (iv) Machinery and transport equipment: power generating machinery; other non-electrical machinery; office machines and telecommunications equipment; electrical
machinery and apparatus; automotive products; other transport equipment (SITC section 7). - Power generating machinery: power generating machinery and equipment minus internal combustion piston engines, and parts thereof, n.e.s. (SITC division 71 minus group 713). - Other non-electrical machinery: machinery specialized for particular industries; metalworking machinery; general industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s. (SITC divisions 72, 73, 74). - Office machines and telecommunications equipment: office machines and automatic data processing machines; telecommunications and sound recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment; thermionic, cold cathode or photo-cathode valves and tubes (SITC divisions 75, 76 and group 776). - Electrical machinery and apparatus: electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof; minus thermionic, cold cathode or photo-cathode valves and tubes; minus electrical equipment, n.e.s., for internal combustion engines and vehicles, and parts thereof (SITC division 77 minus group 776 and subgroup 7783). - Automotive products: motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons (other than public transport type vehicles) including station wagons and racing cars; motor vehicles for the transport of goods and special purpose motor vehicles; road motor vehicles, n.e.s.; parts and accessories of motor vehicles and tractors; internal combustion piston engines for vehicles listed above; electrical equipment, n.e.s., for internal combustion engines and vehicles, and parts thereof (SITC groups 781, 782, 783, 784, and subgroups 7132, 7783). - Other transport equipment: other transport equipment (railway vehicles, aircraft, spacecraft, ships and boats, and associated parts and equipment); motorcycles and cycles, motorized and non-motorized; trailers and semitrailers, other vehicles (not mechanically propelled), and specially designed and equipped transport containers; internal combustion piston engines for aircraft, and parts thereof, n.e.s.; internal combustion piston engines, marine propulsion; internal combustion piston engines, n.e.s.; parts, n.e.s., for internal combustion piston engines listed above (SITC division 79, groups 785, 786, and subgroups 7131, 7133, 7138, 7139). (v) Textiles: (SITC division 65). (vi) Clothing: (SITC division 84). (vii) Other consumer goods: household articles, travel goods, footwear, instruments and apparatus, photography, optical goods, watches and clocks, and other manufactured articles, n.e.s. (SITC divisions 81, 82, 83, 85, 87, 88, 89 excluding group 891, arms and ammunition). Of which furniture (SITC division 82), travel goods (SITC division 83), footwear (SITC division 85), and toys and games (SITC group 894). C. Other products: commodities and transactions not classified elsewhere (including gold); arms and ammunition (SITC section 9 and group 891). 3. Coverage Trade flowing through processing zones is not systematically recorded in national trade statistics and can result in significant under-recording of trade in certain goods. For example, the exclusion of these flows from the statistics for Central American
4. World trade network The world merchandise trade network by region and product from which Appendix tables A2/A3 and A9/A10 are derived is based on export data. The network is constructed in the following way: First, total merchandise exports from each of the seven regions are aggregated from country figures published by the International Monetary Fund in International Financial Statistics, other international organizations, and national statistical authorities. They are supplemented by Secretariat estimates (see Appendix table A5). Next, the total merchandise exports of each region are distributed by destination and then by product. The regional and commodity breakdown is based on OECD, Monthly Statistics of Foreign Trade; UNSD, Comtrade database, International Trade Statistics Yearbook, and Monthly Bulletin of Statistics; national statistics and Secretariat estimates. During this process, the principal adjustments to the figures are as follows: (i) Exports of ships to the open registry countries Panama and Liberia are re-allocated from each region’s exports to Latin America and Africa to “unspecified destinations” (a category not shown separately). (ii) Re-exports of Hong Kong, China are excluded. This is because the magnitude of Hong Kong, China’s re-exports (9.8% of Asian total merchandise exports in 2000) would introduce a significant element of double counting into the trade of the Asian region since a large proportion of Hong Kong, China’s re-exports are goods of Chinese origin or have China as final destination. (iii) China’s exports are adjusted to approximate their final destination. (iv) Exports of military goods and non-monetary gold, where known, are included. When they cannot be broken down by destination, they are allocated to “unspecified destinations”. 5. Merchandise trade of selected major traders by product, region and major trading partner (Appendix tables A11 to A20) These tables are derived from the UNSD Comtrade database. The figures in the tables for total merchandise trade are not necessarily the same as those in Appendix tables A5 and A6 (see Section III.1 below). For trade by product, world totals include shipments which have not been distinguished by origin or destination. For trade by region and partner, world totals include goods which have not been specified by product. The following adjustments have been made to the figures: (i) Exports of ships to the open registry countries Panama and Liberia are re-allocated from each economy’s exports
to Latin America and Africa to “unspecified destinations” (a category not shown separately). (ii) Merchandise trade of the European Union (Appendix tables A14 to A18) - part of Belgian imports included in “other products” are re-allocated to “automotive products”; - French trade in military goods is included. It is allocated to “other products” and “unspecified origins and destinations”; - official supplementary estimates of intra-EU exports and intra-EU imports beginning with 1993 that have not been transmitted to UNSD by the statistical authorities of EU member countries are included. For the United Kingdom, supplementary estimates have been distributed by product using national statistics. For other countries, whenever relevant, the figures have been allocated to “other products”; - for the combined trade of EU member States (Appendix table A14), intra-imports have been replaced by intra-exports beginning with 1993 to partly compensate for the observed under-reporting of intraimports resulting from INTRASTAT procedures (see Section III below). Selection of each reporter’s major trading partners is based on a ranking of total trade (exports plus imports) of each reporter with their trading partners in 2000 (member States of the EU are counted as one trading partner). 6. Merchandise trade in balance of payments statistics Merchandise trade statistics together with other basic statistical systems (such as industrial and transport statistics) provide the foundation for the system of national accounts (SNA) and the balance of payments (BOP). Merchandise trade statistics are basic to the compilation of the goods account in the balance of payments as structured and defined in the fifth edition of the International Monetary Fund’s Balance of Payments Manual (BPM5). Goods (merchandise) are defined in the SNA as “physical objects for which a demand exists, over which ownership rights can be established and whose ownership can be transferred from one institutional unit to another by engaging in transactions on markets”. Thus, for the SNA and BOP statistics the recording of transactions should be based on the change of ownership principle. However, the compilation of international merchandise trade statistics (ITS) is usually based on customs records which essentially reflect the physical movement of goods across borders, and follow international guidelines on concepts and definitions which do not fully conform to the principles of the SNA and the BPM5. A number of adjustments have to be made to international merchandise trade statistics before they match the specific requirements of national accounts and balance of payments statistics. For aggregate exports and imports these adjustments are mainly related to coverage, the system of trade, and valuation. With respect to coverage, the ITS in most instances conforms with the BPM5. Differences remain for the following cases: (i) transactions that represent services transactions (e.g. blueprints, videos, and tapes) should be valued in ITS at the value of the material in which they are incorporated, while under BPM5 these transactions should be excluded from goods and included, at market value, in services; (ii) transactions in which one or both national boundaries are not crossed (e.g. trade in vessels and aircraft, exports of bunkers, etc.) are not always included in ITS for practical reasons, whereas they are usually included in BOP
Technical Notes
and Caribbean countries has resulted in under-recording of their trade in clothing. When included, practices for classifying the goods involved also differ between countries. In recent years, however, improvements in data collection have resulted in the inclusion of processing trade for a number of countries including Costa Rica, Czech Republic, Hungary, Lithuania, Mexico, Morocco and the Ukraine. In all but one of these countries, this has resulted in breaks in the continuity of the data series. In the case of Mexico, trade flows through the special manufacturing zone known as the “maquiladoras” were previously excluded from official trade statistics, but reported separately by the Banco de México. The Secretariat included these flows in Mexico’s exports and imports given their magnitude (ranging from 29 to 40% of combined trade during the 1990-2000 period). These shipments have been included in Mexico’s official trade statistics since 1992.
215
statistics; (iii) goods under the improvement and repair trade regime should be excluded from ITS, but they are to be included at the value of the repair under the BPM5. Concerning the system of trade, the ITS guidelines outline the measurement of trade flows on the basis of (1) the special trade system and (2) the general trade system. Under the special trade system, the customs frontier is regarded as the statistical boundary whereas, under the general system of trade, the national frontier is regarded as the statistical boundary. The BPM5 stresses that measurement for BOP compilation should be based on change of ownership rather than on the general trade system or the special trade system. The general trade system appears to be a better proxy for measuring change of ownership because it provides broader coverage and the date of change of ownership may be closer to the date goods cross the national frontier than to the date goods clear through customs. As far as valuation is concerned, the issue that affects most data comparability concerns the point of valuation, namely, whether goods are valued at the importer’s border – that is at the c.i.f. value – or at the f.o.b. value at the exporter’s border. ITS guidelines recommend the adoption of the c.i.f. valuation for imports whereas BPM5 requires the f.o.b. valuation. Additional adjustments may be made by BOP compilers to conform to the BPM5 requirement for a market price for valuing trade, processing trade, and with respect to currency conversion. Once adjusted, merchandise trade is recorded in the goods category of the current account, along with services, income, and current transfers. Therefore, within the balance of payments framework transactions in both goods and services are harmonized and provide for comparable statistical series, as in Table I.8. It is not strictly speaking correct to aggregate the figures for commercial services and merchandise shown elsewhere in this report. It should be noted that some countries still apply the concepts of the fourth edition of the Balance of Payments Manual, and thus do not include goods for processing and goods procured in port carriers in the goods account.
II.2 Trade in commercial services 1. Exports and imports
Technical Notes
Exports (credits) and imports (debits) of commercial services are derived from statistics on international service transactions included in the balance of payments statistics, in conformity with the concepts, definitions and classification of the fourth (1977) or fifth (1993) edition of the IMF Balance of Payments Manual.
216
2. Definition of commercial services In the fifth edition of the Balance of Payments Manual, the current account is subdivided into goods, services (including government services, n.i.e.), income (investment income and compensation of employees), and current transfers. The commercial services category in this report is defined as being equal to services minus government services, n.i.e. Commercial services is further sub-divided into transport, travel, and other commercial services. Transport covers all transportation services (sea, air and other – including land, internal waterway, space and pipeline) that are performed by residents of one economy for those of another, and that involve the carriage of passengers, the movement of goods (freight), rentals (charters) of carriers with crew, and related supporting and auxiliary services. Travel includes goods and services acquired by personal travellers, for health, education or other purposes, and by
business travellers. Unlike other services, travel is not a specific type of service, but an assortment of goods and services consumed by travellers. The most common goods and services covered are lodging, food and beverages, entertainment and transportation (within the economy visited), gifts and souvenirs. Other commercial services corresponds to the following components defined in BPM5: (i) communication services (telecommunications, postal and courier services); (ii) construction services; (iii) insurance services; (iv) financial services; (v) computer and information services (including news agency services); (vi) royalties and licence fees, covering payments and receipts for the use of intangible non-financial assets and proprietary rights, such as patents, copyrights, trademarks, industrial processes, and franchises; (vii) other business services, comprising trade related services, operational leasing (rentals), and miscellaneous business, professional and technical services such as legal, accounting, management consulting, public relations services, advertising, market research and public opinion polling, research and development services, architectural, engineering, and other technical services, agricultural, mining and on-site processing; and (viii) personal, cultural, and recreational services including audiovisual services. 3. Coverage and comparability Although in recent years the coverage and comparability of services trade data have improved, recorded trade figures still lack comparability across countries and are subject to significant distortions. First, some countries do not collect statistics for certain service categories. Second, some service transactions are simply not registered. If central bank records are used, situations where no financial intermediaries are employed are not counted. In the case of surveys, the coverage of trading establishments is often incomplete. A particularly serious problem is that services transmitted electronically are frequently unregistered, especially when the transactions take place within multinational corporations. Third, statistics may be reported on a net rather than on a gross basis, often as a result of compensation arrangements such as in rail transport or in communication services. Fourth, the alternate sources used for countries which are not members of the IMF do not necessarily comply with the IMF concepts and definitions. Fifth, misclassification of transactions may lead to an underestimation of commercial services when service transactions are registered as income, transfers or trade in merchandise rather than trade in services or, conversely, to an overestimation of commercial services when transactions pertaining to income, transfers or official transactions are registered in the private service categories. These distortions may be particularly significant at the detailed level, i.e., for a detailed service category, or for trade flows by origin and destination. The implementation of BPM5 will result in an improvement of country comparability over time. However, given that these improvements are being made gradually, they also result in a number of breaks in series. The borderline between goods and services, as well as the borderlines between the components of commercial services differ in BPM4 and BPM5. Examples of such differences are:
II.3 Other definitions and methods 1. Annual changes Throughout this report, average annual percentage changes are analogous to compound interest rates. In calculating the average annual rate of change between 1990 and 2000, for example, data for calendar year 1990 were taken as the beginning point, and data for calendar year 2000 as the end point. 2. Commodity prices Commodity price movements are primarily described by indices largely based on spot market prices, and therefore exclude transactions governed by longer-term contracts. Price indices for such commodities as food, beverages, agricultural raw materials, minerals, non-ferrous metals, fertilizers and crude petroleum are obtained from IMF International Financial Statistics. Aggregates for all primary commodities and for nonfuel primary commodities are calculated using IMF weights. 3. Merchandise trade volume and unit value indices The volume and unit value indices are taken from a range of different international and national sources. The reported volume and unit value indices may not always be available for the most recent years or may differ in product coverage from the corresponding value indices. For example, the indices reported by France exclude electricity, military and railway equipment, electronics, analysing and controlling instruments, shipbuilding and aeronautics, and machine tools. Switzerland excludes jewellery, antiques, and precious metals from its indices. Aggregation of the indices to obtain a world total is a twotier process. First, export and import unit values are adjusted to the extent possible for differences in coverage and, in cases of missing data, completed with Secretariat estimates. They are then aggregated to obtain regional totals. The volume index for each region is obtained by dividing the respective trade value index for each region by the corresponding regional unit value index. Second, to obtain the total world merchandise volume index, regional unit value indices are aggregated and the world trade value is deflated by the world unit value index. Throughout the aggregation process trade values of the previous year are used as weights.
4. World production Production of agriculture, mining and manufacturing is defined according to major Divisions 1, 2 and 3 of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC). World production in these sectors is estimated by combining production indices published by the FAO, IMF, OECD, UNIDO and UNSD. The world index is derived through aggregation of the three sectors by using value added shares in 1990 as weights. 5. World gross domestic product World GDP growth is estimated as a weighted average of economies’real GDP growth. The weights used are shares of economies in 1990 world nominal GDP converted to dollars at market exchange rates. The use of official exchange rates which are not market-based for some major economies, together with the fluctuations of the United States dollar vis-à-vis major currencies can have a significant impact on the weighting pattern. The increasing use of weights based on purchasing power parities (PPP) by other international organizations is meant to attenuate “anomalies” linked to these factors. In a period of widely diverging growth rates among countries and regions, the choice of the weighting pattern can have a marked influence on the global growth estimate. For the 1990-2000 period, global growth estimates based on PPP-weights indicate a significantly faster growth than estimates using weights based on GDP data measured at market exchange rates. This is because of differences in the two weighting patterns. Relative to weights based on GDP at market exchange rates, PPP weights are low for the transition economies – especially the successor States of the former USSR with a poor growth record, and high for major developing countries (in particular China) with above average growth. 6. Re-exports Under the system of general trade adopted in this report, reexports are included in total merchandise trade (see Section II.1). However, in the case of Hong Kong, China, the magnitude of its re-exports (amounting in 2000 to $179 billion), if included in regional or world aggregates, would adversely affect the analytical value of the statistics by introducing a significant element of double counting. Therefore, Hong Kong, China’s reexports are excluded from the world and from Asia aggregates (unless otherwise indicated); only Hong Kong, China’s domestic exports and retained imports are included in the totals. For this reason, the figures for world exports and for exports of Asia shown in Appendix tables A2/A3 and A9/A10 are smaller than those in Appendix table A5. Since retained imports cannot be identified from imports directly, an approximation is derived by subtracting the value of re-exports from the value of imports. The resulting figure will, however, under-estimate the value of retained imports by the amount of the re-export margin.
III. Breaks in data continuity 1. Merchandise trade statistics of the European Union The introduction of a new system for collecting statistics on trade between the member States of the EU in January 1993 – INTRASTAT – which was briefly described in the GATT annual report 1994, International Trade Trends and Statistics, has affected EU merchandise trade statistics in a number of ways. The system has resulted in the loss of continuity with pre-1993 trade figures. Difficulties in implementing the new system have resulted in reporting delays and numerous revisions in the figures. More generally, the EU intra-trade statistics collected
Technical Notes
most processing transactions are included under goods on a gross basis in BPM5, while in BPM4 only the value of the fees paid for processing are included in services; (ii) goods procured in ports, such as fuels and provisions, are included in goods in BPM5, and in services (transport) in BPM4; (iii) in BPM4, insurance services are normally measured by the net premiums defined as premiums less claims, while in BPM5, insurance services reflects the “normal” service charge, i.e. administrative services and part of the earnings; the rest of the net premiums or the actual risk premiums is recorded under current transfers or in the financial account in case of life insurance; in addition, freight insurance is part of transport in BPM4, and part of insurance services in BPM5; and (iv) the expenditure of seasonal and border workers is included in labour income in BPM4, and in travel in BPM5. (i)
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Technical Notes
through INTRASTAT are markedly less accurate than statistics collected under the previous system. The coverage of the current system, which relies on reports submitted by firms for transactions above a minimum value, is not as wide as the previous one, which was based on customs declarations. Estimates for non-response and exemptions from reporting obligations are made by the statistical authorities of some member States but these estimates cannot always be broken down by product, and they most probably under-record the actual trade flows, so that continuity with pre-1993 figures has been lost. In some cases, as well, estimates of underreporting have not been included in submissions to the United Nations Statistical Division for inclusion in the Comtrade database, which has also contributed to a marked disruption in the continuity of the Secretariat’s traditional data source. Prior to the adoption of the current system, reported intra-EU imports (c.i.f.) closely matched reported intra-EU exports (f.o.b.). From 1993, however, the reported value of intra-EU imports has been on average around 6.5% below the value of intra-EU exports, indicating a substantial under-reporting of intra-EU imports. Given the significance of this inconsistency, the Secretariat has used intra-EU export data to adjust for the underreporting of intra-EU imports. However, this adjustment could not be allocated between EU member countries. As a result, the sum of reported imports of individual EU members does not add to the figure for EU imports as a whole (see, for example, Appendix Table A6). This adjustment is also reflected in the volume estimates for the EU as a whole. Due to reporting delays to UNSD, the latest merchandise trade statistics for all EU member States were not available at the time the world trade network by region and product was prepared. As a result, the Secretariat has had to partly estimate the 2000 product breakdown of the EU. The EU accounts for some 35% of world merchandise trade. It is also the major market for the exports of Africa, the Middle East and the CIS – all regions for which detailed trade statistics are scarce. EU trade statistics, both for EU member countries and for trade with these partner countries, therefore play a key rôle in global trade statistics and are of particular importance in the construction of the world trade network by region and product. Reporting delays and the decline in the reliability of EU intratrade statistics have resulted in an increase in the margin of error in the Secretariat’s trade estimates. Due to a change in the definition of the statistical territory, the merchandise trade statistics of France include trade of French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Reunion beginning with 1996.
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2. Merchandise trade of Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic States and the CIS Beginning in 1990, trade data for Bulgaria and the former USSR were converted into dollars at official, market-oriented exchange rates, replacing the earlier practice of using implicit conversion factors. This created breaks in continuity in the corresponding time series between 1989 and 1990. Valuation problems are discussed in more detail in Box 1 in Volume I of International Trade 1990-91 and in Box 2 in Volume I of International Trade 1989-90. Figures for the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic include trade between these two countries. As regards the Baltic States and the CIS, trade figures cover their mutual exchanges starting with 1996. Total merchandise exchanges among these countries amounted to some $36 billion in 1998, $29 billion in 1999, and $38 billion in 2000. The inclusion of the mutual trade has therefore resulted in substantial breaks in the continuity of
the trade series at the country and regional levels between 1995 and 1996. The political and economic upheavals in the region caused disruptions in statistical reporting systems. Although some countries improved or adapted their systems, detailed trade statistics are still not available for many country/periods (except for the Russian Federation). As a result, the Secretariat has estimated their trade largely on the basis of the statistics of their trading partners. The implementation of internationally agreed concepts and definitions for collecting merchandise trade statistics will result in an improvement of country comparability over time. However, given that these improvements are being made gradually, they also result in a number of breaks in series. Breaks in the continuity in the trade figures were identified for the following countries: for the Czech Republic between 1992 and 1993 due to the inclusion of shipments through processing zones, and between 1998 and 1999 due to the exclusion of aircrafts and ships movements through inward processing zones, as well as the exclusion of temporary exports and imports; for Hungary between 1995 and 1996 due to the inclusion of shipments through processing zones; for Estonia between 1998 and 1999 due the change from the general to the special system of trade; for Lithuania between 1994 and 1995 due to the change from the special to the general system of trade; for Ukraine between 1994 and 1995 due to a change in data collection procedures and the inclusion of shipments through processing zones; for the Slovak Republic between 1996 and 1997, and for Poland between 1997 and 1998 due to the introduction of new arrangements in customs procedures to harmonize with the standards of the European Union. Considerable uncertainty remains about the accuracy of the foreign trade statistics of the Russian Federation, especially as regards imports. A large proportion of the reported data on imports consists of official estimates of inflows of goods which enter the country without being registered by the customs authorities. Such adjustments to import data accounted for 27, 26 and 25% of the officially reported totals in 1998, 1999, and 2000 respectively; on the export side, such adjustments accounted for about 5, 4 and 2% respectively.
IV. Statistical sources Most frequently used sources for statistics are: EUROSTAT, External and Intra-European Union Trade FAO, Production Yearbook FAO, Trade Yearbook IMF, Balance of Payments Statistics IMF, International Financial Statistics IMF, World Economic Outlook OECD, Main Economic Indicators OECD, National Accounts OECD, Monthly Statistics of Foreign Trade OECD/IEA, Energy Prices & Taxes UNECE, Economic Survey of Europe UNIDO, National Accounts Statistics Database UNSD, Comtrade database UNSD, International Trade Statistics Yearbook UNSD, Monthly Bulletin of Statistics World Bank, World Development Indicators World Bank, World Tables These sources are supplemented by national publications and Secretariat estimates.
Estimations for missing data are mainly based on national statistics. Statistics on trade in commercial services by origin and destinations (Tables III.6 and III.7) are also derived from national statistics. Acknowledgements are due to the Food and Agriculture Organization, the International Monetary Fund, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, the Statistical Office of the European Communities, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, the United Nations Statistics Division, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization and the World Bank whose assistance in supplying advance copies of their publications as well as other information has greatly facilitated the work of the Secretariat. Acknowledgements are also due to national institutions for providing advance statistics.
Technical Notes
The merchandise trade statistics in this report are largely derived from two sources. Figures for total merchandise trade are derived from IMF, International Financial Statistics. Data on merchandise trade by origin, destination and product come mainly from the UNSD Comtrade database. Some inconsistencies in the aggregate export and import data for the same country or territory between the two sources are inevitable. These can be attributed to the use of different systems of recording trade, to the way in which IMF and UNSD have converted data expressed in national currencies into dollars, and revisions which can be more readily incorporated in the IMF data. Statistics on trade in commercial services are mainly drawn from the IMF Balance of Payments Statistics. For countries that do not report to the IMF (e.g., Hong Kong, China; Macau, China; and Taipei, Chinese) data are drawn from national sources.
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