INTRODUCTION MATERIALS & METHODS ...

Z^h>d^

dŚĞƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůĨŽƌŝŶĨĞƌƌŝŶŐƉĂůĞŽĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂůŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĨŽƐƐŝůŵĂŵŵĂůƐŝƐ ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJŚŝŐŚĨŽƌƐĞǀĞƌĂůƌĞĂƐŽŶƐ͗ϭͿƚŚĞLJƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƚŚĞĚŽŵŝŶĂŶƚĐůĂƐƐŽĨƚĞƚƌĂƉŽĚƐŝŶƚŚĞĞŶŽnjŽŝĐ͕ƚŚĞƌĞďLJŐŝǀŝŶŐƵƐĂĐŚĂŶĐĞƚŽƐƚƵĚLJĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶĂƌLJƚƌĞŶĚƐŝŶ ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚƌĞĐĞŶƚĂŶĚĂďƵŶĚĂŶƚĨŽƐƐŝůƌĞĐŽƌĚƐϭ͖ϮͿƚŚĞŝƌďŽŶĞƐĂƌĞƌĞůĂƟǀĞůLJĚĞŶƐĞ ĂƐĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽŽƚŚĞƌƚLJƉĞƐŽĨŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŵƐ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ďŝƌĚƐͿĂŶĚĂƌĞŵŽƌĞůŝŬĞůLJƚŽďĞ ƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞĚŝŶƚŚĞĨŽƐƐŝůƌĞĐŽƌĚ2͖ϯͿƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞĚƐŬĞůĞƚĂůĞůĞŵĞŶƚ ;ƚŚĞĚĞŶƟƟŽŶͿŝƐĂůƐŽƚŚĞŵŽƐƚƚĂdžŽŶŽŵŝĐĂůůLJĚŝĂŐŶŽƐƟĐĂŶĚƐƚƌŽŶŐůLJĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂůůLJ ĐŽƌƌĞůĂƚĞĚŝŶƚĞƌŵƐŽĨďŽĚLJƐŝnjĞĂŶĚĚŝĞƚ͖ĂŶĚϰͿĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐŽĨŵĂŵŵĂůŝĂŶƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ ƌŝĐŚŶĞƐƐ͕ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ͕ĂŶĚĞĐŽŵŽƌƉŚŽůŽŐLJŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶĚĞŵŽŶƐƚƌĂƚĞĚƚŽ ďĞŚŝŐŚůLJĐŽƌƌĞůĂƚĞĚǁŝƚŚŚĂďŝƚĂƚƚLJƉĞƐĂŶĚĐůŝŵĂƚĞϭ͕Ϯ͕ϯ͕ϰ͕ϱ͕ϲ͕ϳ͕ϴ͘&ƌŽŵƚŚĞƉĂůĞŽŶƚŽůŽŐŝĐĂůůŝƚĞƌĂƚƵƌĞ͕ƚŚĞƐĞƐƚƵĚŝĞƐĂƌĞŽŌĞŶĚŝƐĐƵƐƐĞĚŝŶƚŚĞĐŽŶƚĞdžƚŽĨĮŶĚŝŶŐĨĂƵŶĂů ƉƌŽdžŝĞƐŽĨĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĐĂŶďĞĞĂƐŝůLJƌĞĐŽǀĞƌĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĨŽƐƐŝůƌĞĐŽƌĚ͘dŚĞƐĞƉƌŽdžŝĞƐŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƉĞĐŝĞƐƌŝĐŚŶĞƐƐϱ͕ϲĂŶĚŶŝĐŚĞŵĞƚƌŝĐƐϯ͕ϱ͕ϵ͘  dŚŝƐƐƚƵĚLJƐĞĞŬƐƚŽĐŽŵďŝŶĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĨŽƌƚŚĞƐĞƉƌŽdžŝĞƐŝŶ^ŽƵƚŚŵĞƌŝĐĂŶ ŵĂŵŵĂůƐŝŶŽƌĚĞƌƚŽĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚĐŽŶĮĚĞŶĐĞŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůƐƚŚĞĐĂŶďĞƵƐĞĚƚŽƌĞĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚ ĂŶĐŝĞŶƚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚĐůŝŵĂƚĞƐ͘DŽƌĞƐƉĞĐŝĮĐĂůůLJ͕ƚŚĞŐŽĂůŝƐƚŽĚĞŵŽŶƐƚƌĂƚĞ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĚƌŝǀĞŶŶŝĐŚĞƉĂƌƟƟŽŶŝŶŐŝŶŵĂŵŵĂůŝĂŶŐƌŽƵƉƐƚŚĂƚŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶƵŶĚĞƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚŝŶĞĐŽŵŽƌƉŚŽůŽŐŝĐĂůƐƚƵĚŝĞƐ;ŝ͘Ğ͘ƌŽĚĞŶƚƐͿ͘^ŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĐŽƌƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐǁŽƵůĚ ƐƵŐŐĞƐƚƚŚĞŝƌǀĂůƵĞŝŶƉĂůĞŽĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůƌĞĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ͘

A.

Z^h>d^ĐŽŶƚ͛Ě

B.

MAP and Grazing Index in Rodents Frugivore Index and MAT

Arboreality Index and MAP

Spearman’s ʌсͲϬ͘ϲϯϮϰ

80

Spearman’s ʌсϬ͘ϲϴϰϰ

0 4000

50

D.

200

250

0

MAT (Celsius*10)

20




  
 
  
 
  



1000

F.

MAP (mm/year)

3000

4000

5000

6000

Teperature Seasonality (SD*100)

Arboreality Index and Canopy Height

50 10000

15000

30

10

20000

15

20

25

30

35

40

Canopy Height (m)

Figure 2͘ŝǀĂƌŝĂƚĞĮƚƐŽĨͿƌďŽƌĞĂůŝƚLJ/ŶĚĞdžĂŶĚDW͖Ϳ&ƌƵŐŝǀŽƌĞ/ŶĚĞdžĂŶĚDd͖Ϳ'ƌĂnjŝŶŐ/ŶĚĞdžĂŶĚDW͖ͿƌďŽƌĞĂůŝƚLJ/ŶĚĞdžĂŶĚdĞŵƉ͘^ĞĂƐŽŶĂůŝƚLJ͖Ϳ&ƌƵŐŝǀŽƌĞ/ŶĚĞdžĂŶĚEWW͖ ĂŶĚ&ͿƌďŽƌĞĂůŝƚLJ/ŶĚĞdžĂŶĚĂŶŽƉLJ,ĞŝŐŚƚŝŶǁŚŽůĞĨĂƵŶĂƐĂĐƌŽƐƐĂůůůŽĐĂůŝƟĞƐ͘>ŝŶĞƐĂƌĞĮƚ ƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞ͞ůŽǁĞƐƐ͟ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶ;EKdůŝŶĞĂƌƌĞŐƌĞƐƐŝŽŶͿŝŶZ͕ĂŶĚĂƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚƚŽŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞŐĞŶĞƌĂůƌĞĂůƟŽŶƐŚŝƉƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶǀĂƌŝĂďůĞƐ͘ZŚŽǀĂůƵĞƐĂƌĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚǀŝĂ^ƉĞĂƌŵĂŶ͛ƐZĂŶŬŽƌƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐ͘

A.

B.

Frugivore Index and NPP (Tropics)

60 40

Frugivore Index (%)

40 30

Arboreality Index (%)

50

80

60

Arboreality Index and MAP (Tropics)

Spearman’s ʌсϬ͘ϰϰϲϯ 20

20

1000

2000

3000

4000

MAP (mm/year)

C.

D.

Grazing Index and MAT (Subtropics)

80

5000

20000

NPP

Grazing Index and MAP (Subtropics)

Spearman’s ʌсͲϬ͘ϳϭϲϯ

20

20 Canopy.Height NPP

0

0.0

MAP MAP

Canopy.Height NPP

-1

-0.2

Comp.2

0.2

MAT

1

MAT

Temperature.Seasonality

50

100

150

200

500

-0.4

MAT (Celsius*10)

-0.6

-0.4

-2

-0.6

Temperature.Seasonality

-0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

1000

1500

MAP (mm/year)

Figure 3͘ŝǀĂƌŝĂƚĞĮƚƐŽĨͿƌďŽƌĞĂůŝƚLJ/ŶĚĞdžĂŶĚDWĂŶĚͿ&ƌƵŐŝǀŽƌĞ/ŶĚĞdžĂŶĚEWWĐŽŶĮŶĞĚ ƚŽƚƌŽƉŝĐĂůůŽĐĂůŝƟĞƐ;фϮϯ͘Ϯϲȗ>ĂƚŝƚƵĚĞͿ͖ĂŶĚ'ƌĂnjŝŶŐ/ŶĚĞdžĂŶĚͿDdĂŶĚͿDWŝŶƐƵďƚƌŽƉŝĐĂů ůŽĐĂůŝƚŝĞƐ;хϮϯ͘ϮϲȗͿ͘

Comp.1

Figure 1͘ͿDĂƉŽĨĞŶƚƌĂůĂŶĚ^ŽƵƚŚŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŚŽǁŝŶŐƚŚĞĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨƐĂŵƉůĞĚůŽĐĂůŝƟĞƐ;ƌĞĚĐŝƌĐůĞƐͿ͘Ϳ ĨWŽĨϲǀĂƌŝĂďůĞƐŽĨŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚƚŽŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞƚŚĞŐƌĂĚŝĞŶƚŽĨůŽĐĂůŝƟĞƐĨƌŽŵĐŽŽůĞƌ͕ŵŽƌĞƐĞĂƐŽŶĂůĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƐƚŽ ǁĂƌŵĞƌ͕ǁĞƩĞƌ͕ĂƐĞĂƐŽŶĂůĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƐ͘

DdZ/>^ΘDd,K^ĐŽŶƚ͛Ě ^ƉĞĂƌŵĂŶ͛ƐZĂŶŬŽƌƌĞůĂƟŽŶ ͲƵĞƚŽŶŽŶͲůŝŶĞĂƌŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĚĂƚĂ͕ŶŽŶƉĂƌĂŵĞƚƌŝĐ^ƉĞĂƌŵĂŶ͛ƐZĂŶŬŽƌƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐ ;^ƉĞĂƌŵĂŶ͛ƐƌŚŽͿǁĞƌĞƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĞĚŽŶďŝǀĂƌŝĂƚĞĮƚƐŽĨĨĂƵŶĂůĂŶĚĐůŝŵĂƟĐǀĂƌŝĂďůĞƐƵƐŝŶŐZƐƚĂƐƟƐƟĐĂůƐŽŌǁĂƌĞ͘ Ͳ/ŶĂĚĚŝƟŽŶƚŽĂůůůŽĐĂůŝƟĞƐ͕ƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĂŶĂůLJƐĞƐǁĞƌĞƌƵŶŽŶŵĂƚƌŝĐĞƐĐŽŶƚĂŝŶŝŶŐ ŽŶůLJƚƌŽƉŝĐĂůůŽĐĂůŝƟĞƐ;фϮϯ͘Ϯϲș>ĂƚŝƚƵĚĞͿĂŶĚƐƵďƚƌŽƉŝĐĂůůŽĐĂůŝƚŝĞƐ;хϮϯ͘ϮϲșͿ Ͳ^ĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĂŶĂůLJƐĞƐǁĞƌĞĂůƐŽĐĂƌƌŝĞĚŽƵƚŽŶƚŚĞƌŽĚĞŶƚĨĂƵŶĂƐŽĨĂůůůŽĐĂůŝƚŝĞƐ͘ Ͳ^ƉĂƟĂůĂƵƚŽĐŽƌƌĞůĂƟŽŶǁĂƐĚĞƚĞĐƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƟĐĚĂƚĂ͘dŚƵƐĂůůĐŽƌƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞDŽƌĂŶ͛Ɛ/ĂƐĂƐƉĂƟĂůĂƵƚŽĐŽƌƌĞůĂƟŽŶĞƌƌŽƌƚĞƌŵ͘

100 80

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

 

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 



  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 



 
 

 



 
 
 

 



 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
 
  
 


KƵƌƌĞƐƵůƚƐƐƵŐŐĞƐƚĂƐƚƌŽŶŐƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉďĞƚǁĞĞŶǀĂƌŝŽƵƐĚĞƐĐƌŝƉƚŽƌƐŽĨƚŚĞŶŝĐŚĞƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŽĨĂŵĂŵŵĂůŝĂŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJĂŶĚĐůŝŵĂƟĐǀĂƌŝĂďůĞƐ͘dŚĞƐƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚƌĞƐƵůƚƐĂƌĞĨŽƵŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ŽƵƌŝŶĚŝĐĞƐĂŶĚDW;ĐŽŶƐŝƐƚĞŶƚǁŝƚŚƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐƐƚƵĚŝĞƐĨƌŽŵ^ŽƵƚŚŵĞƌŝĐĂϱ͕ϲͿ͕Dd͕ĂŶĚƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐĞĂƐŽŶĂůŝƚLJ͘dŚĞůĂĐŬŽĨĂƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉŽĨĂŶLJŝŶĚĞdžǁŝƚŚƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĂƐŽŶĂůŝƚLJŝƐƐƵƌƉƌŝƐŝŶŐ͕ƚŚŽƵŐŚƚŚŝƐŵĂLJďĞĞdžƉůĂŝŶĞĚďLJƚŚĞĨĂĐƚƚŚĂƚƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĂƐŽŶĂůŝƚLJ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƚŚĞƐĂŵĞůĂƟƚƵĚŝŶĂůŐƌĂĚŝĞŶƚĂƐĚŽƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌĐůŝŵĂƟĐǀĂƌŝĂďůĞƐ͘dŚĂƚƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƟŽŶĂŶĚƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞŚĂǀĞƐƚƌŽŶŐƌĞůĂƟŶƐŚŝƉƐ͕ďƵƚŶŽƚEWW;ĞƐƉ͘ǁŝƚŚ&/ͿĂŶĚĐĂŶŽƉLJŚĞŝŐŚƚ ;ĞƐƉ͘ǁŝƚŚƚŚĞ/ͿŝƐĂůƐŽƐƵƌƉƌŝƐŝŶŐ͘dŚŝƐƐƵŐŐĞƐƚƐƚŚĂƚEWWĂŶĚĐĂŶŽƉLJŚĞŝŐŚƚĞŝƚŚĞƌĚŽŶŽƚ ŚĂǀĞƚŚĞƐĂŵĞůĂƟƚƵĚŝŶĂůŐƌĂĚŝĞŶƚĂƐĚŽƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƟĐǀĂƌŝĂďůĞƐ͕ƚŚĂƚƚŚĞŵĞĂƐƵƌĞŵĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞƐĞ ǀĂƌŝĂďůĞƐŝƐĞƌƌŽƌͲƉƌŽŶĞ͕ŽƌƚŚĂƚĂŶŽƚŚĞƌǀĂƌŝĂďůĞƚŚĂƚǁĂƐŶŽƚŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚ;ƐƵĐŚĂƐĞůĞǀĂƟŽŶͿŵĂLJ ŚĂǀĞĂŶĞīĞĐƚ͘ ZĞƐƵůƚƐŽĨƌĞŐŝŽŶĂůĂŶĂůLJƐĞƐ;ƚƌŽƉŝĐƐŽƌƐƵďƚƌŽƉŝĐƐͿƐƵŐŐĞƐƚƚŚĂƚƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƟŽŶŝƐƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďůĞ ĨŽƌŵŽƐƚŽĨƚŚĞǀĂƌŝĂŶĐĞŝŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ;ƌĞůĂƟǀĞƚŽƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌǀĂƌŝĂďůĞƐŝŶŽƵƌƐƚƵĚLJͿ͕ ǁŚŝůĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞĂŶĚƐĞĂƐŽŶĂůŝƚLJďĞŝŶŐƚŚĞƉƌŝŵĂƌLJƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨǀĂƌŝĂƟŽŶŝŶƚŚĞƐƵďƚƌŽƉŝĐƐ͘ tŝƚŚŽƵƚĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶ͕ƚŚĞƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉƐƐĞĞŶŝŶƚŚĞĂŶĂůLJƐĞƐŽĨƚŚĞƚƌŽƉŝĐƐŵŝƌƌŽƌƚŚŽƐĞŽĨĂůůůŽĐĂůŝƟĞƐ;ǁŝƚŚŵŝŶŽƌĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐŝŶƚŚĞƌĞůĂƟǀĞƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚŽĨƚŚŽƐĞĐŽƌƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐͿ͕ǁŝƚŚ/ĂŶĚ&/ƐŚŽǁŝŶŐƚŚĞƐƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉƐǁŝƚŚĐůŝŵĂƟĐǀĂƌŝĂďůĞƐ͘dŚĞƐƵďƚƌŽƉŝĐƐŝƐŵŽƌĞůŝŵŝƚĞĚŝŶƚĞƌŵƐ ŽĨƚŚĞŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨůŽĐĂůŝƟĞƐ͕ƚŚŽƵŐŚĨƌŽŵŽƵƌĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ'/ƐĞĞŵƐƚŽŚĂǀĞƚŚĞƐƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉǁŝƚŚǀĂƌŝŽƵƐĐůŝŵĂƟĐǀĂƌŝĂďůĞƐ͕ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐDd͕DW͕ĂŶĚƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐĞĂƐŽŶĂůŝƚLJ͘  ŶĂůLJnjŝŶŐƚŚĞƌŽĚĞŶƚĨĂƵŶĂƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞůLJ͕ŽƵƌƌĞƐƵůƚƐƐƵŐŐĞƐƚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞůĂƟǀĞƉƌŽƉŽƌƟŽŶŽĨ ŐƌĂnjĞƌƐǁŝƚŚŝŶĂƌŽĚĞŶƚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐĂǀĂůƵĂďůĞĞƐƟŵĂƚŽƌŽĨĂŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨĐůŝŵĂƟĐǀĂƌŝďĂďůĞƐ͕ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐDW͕Dd͕ĂŶĚƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐĞĂƐŽŶĂůŝƚLJ͘dŚĞƐĂŵĞĐĂŶďĞƐĂŝĚŽĨƚŚĞƌĞůĂƟǀĞ ƉƌŽƉŽƌƟŽŶŽĨĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƐƉĞĐŝĞƐǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞƌŽĚĞŶƚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ͘

KE>h^/KE^

40

Grazing Index (%)

60

60

Spearman’s ʌсͲϬ͘ϲϯϲϵ

40

Grazing Index (%)

2

15000

0.4

0.6

Precipitation.Seasonality

10000

80

0

Precipitation.Seasonality

1000

20 5000

Spearman’s ʌсϬ͘ϱϰϯϱ

NPP

B.

2






 


/^h^^/KE

Spearman’s ʌсϬ͘ϳϭϱϱ

1

 
  





 


Figure 4, Table 2͘ŝǀĂƌŝĂƚĞĮƚƐŽĨ'ƌĂnjŝŶŐ/ŶĚĞdžĂŶĚĐůŝŵĂƚĞǀĂƌŝĂďůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞƌŽĚĞŶƚĨĂƵŶĂƐŽĨĂůůůŽĐĂůŝƟĞƐ͘ůƐŽŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚĂƌĞʅdŝŵĂŐĞƐŽĨƚǁŽƌŽĚĞŶƚƐŬƵůůƐ͖ƚŚĞŐƌĂnjŝŶŐƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͕ĂǀĞĂƚƐĐŚƵĚŝŝ;ĂďŽǀĞͿĂŶĚƚŚĞĨƌƵŐŝǀŽƌŽƵƐƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͕ DŝĐƌŽƐĐŝƵƌƵƐŇĂǀŝǀĞŶƚĞƌ;ďĞůŽǁͿ͘Table: ZĞƐƵůƚƐŽĨ^ƉĞĂƌŵĂŶ͛ƐZĂŶŬŽƌƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚǁŽŝŶĚŝĐĞƐǁŝƚŚŝŶƌŽĚĞŶƚƐ͘

10

20

Spearman’s ʌсϬ͘ϱϯϭϮ

0

ͲĂƐŝĐĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂůĚĂƚĂ;ĚŝĞƚ͕ďŽĚLJƐŝnjĞ͕ĂŶĚƉƌŝŵĂƌLJůŽĐŽŵŽƟŽŶͿǁĞƌĞƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚ ĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝƚĞƌĂƚƵƌĞĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͘&ŽƌƐƉĞĐŝĞƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŬŶŽǁŶĞĐŽůŽŐŝĞƐ;ƉƌŝŵĂƌŝůLJǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞƌŽĚĞŶƚƐͿ͕ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĞƐǁĞƌĞĂƐƐƵŵĞĚƚŽďĞƐŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽŽƚŚĞƌƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ ǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞƐĂŵĞŐĞŶƵƐ͘

0


 


Temperature Seasonality (SDx100)

40

Arboreality Index (%)

60 40

Frugivore Index (%)

ͲůŝŵĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĂůůůŽĐĂůŝƟĞƐǁĞƌĞĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĂƐϭŬŵ2ƌĞƐŽůƵƟŽŶƌĂƐƚĞƌĮůĞƐ ĨƌŽŵBioClim͕ĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƚǁŽďŝŽƟĐǀĂƌŝĂďůĞƐĨƌŽŵŽŶůŝŶĞĂƌĐŚŝǀĞƐ͘dŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϭϵ ĐůŝŵĂƟĐǀĂƌŝĂďůĞƐŝŶƚŽƚĂů͕ƚŚŽƵŐŚŚĞƌĞǁĞĨŽĐƵƐŽŶϲǀĂƌŝĂďůĞƐŽĨŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚ͗ŵĞĂŶ ĂŶŶƵĂůƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƟŽŶ;DWͿ͕ŵĞĂŶĂŶŶƵĂůƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞ;DdͿ͕ƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞĂŶĚ ƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĂƐŽŶĂůŝƚLJ͕ĐĂŶŽƉLJŚĞŝŐŚƚ͕ĂŶĚŶĞƚƉƌŝŵĂƌLJƉƌŽĚƵĐƟǀŝƚLJ;EWWͿ͘

-1

  
 


Spearman’s ʌсϬ͘ϲϴϵϵ

0

80

ĂƚĂĐŽŵƉŝůĂƟŽŶ Ͳ&ĂƵŶĂůůŝƐƚƐĨŽƌϴϱůŽĐĂůŝƟĞƐĂĐƌŽƐƐĞŶƚƌĂůĂŶĚ^ŽƵƚŚŵĞƌŝĐĂǁĞƌĞĐŽŵƉŝůĞĚ ĨƌŽŵůŝƚĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƵƌǀĞLJĂŶĚŽŶůŝŶĞĂƌĐŚŝǀĞƐ͘KŶůLJůŝƐƚƐĨƌŽŵůŽŶŐͲƚĞƌŵƐƚƵĚŝĞƐǁŝƚŚ ĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞŝŶǀĞŶƚŽƌŝĞƐ;ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐƌĂƌĞƐƉĞĐŝĞƐͿǁĞƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚ͘

-2





 



 




60

Frugivore Index and NPP

2000

 
 
 





  
 


60

60 40

50







  
 
  
 
  


  
 
 


0

4000

4000

Temperature Seasonality and Grazing Index in Rodents

10 3000

3000

Spearman’s ʌсͲϬ͘ϳϴϱϳ

30

Arboreality Index (%)

60 40 20

E.

2000

2000 MAP (mm/year)

0

1000

1000

Arboreality Index and Temperature Seasonality

Spearman’s ʌсͲϬ͘ϲϵϮϰ

80

150

40

MAP (mm/year)

Grazing Index and MAP

Grazing Index (%)

100

20

3000

0

2000

Grazing Index (%)

1000

C.

DdZ/>^ΘDd,K^

A.

60 20

20

10 0

0

ĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů/ŶĚŝĐĞƐ ͲĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂůŝŶĚŝĐĞƐǁĞƌĞĐƌĞĂƚĞĚƚŽĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝnjĞĂĨĂƵŶĂďLJƚŚĞƌĞůĂƟǀĞƉƌŽƉŽƌƟŽŶƐŽĨƐƉĞĐŝĮĐĞĐŽůŽŐŝĞƐ͖ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƌďŽƌĞĂů/ŶĚĞdž;/Ϳ͕&ƌƵŐŝǀŽƌĞ/ŶĚĞdž;&/Ϳ͕ ĂŶĚ'ƌĂnjŝŶŐ/ŶĚĞdž;'/Ϳ͘

40

Grazing Index (%)

40

60

Frugivore Index (%)

40 30 20

Arboreality Index (%)

50

80

60

Spearman’s ʌсϬ͘ϳϭϲϱ

100

INTRODUCTION

 






 




 




 






Table 1͘ZĞƐƵůƚƐŽĨ^ƉĞĂƌŵĂŶ͛ƐZĂŶŬŽƌƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŽĨĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂůŝŶĚŝĐĞƐĂŶĚĐůŝŵĂƚĞǀĂƌŝĂďůĞƐŝŶǁŚŽůĞĨĂƵŶĂƐĂĐƌŽƐƐĂůůůŽĐĂůŝƟĞƐ͘ĂŶŽƉLJŚĞŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĂƐŽŶĂůŝƚLJ ;ŶŽƚŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚĨŽƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚŽĨƐƉĂĐĞͿƐŚŽǁĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂďůLJǁĞĂŬĞƌƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉƐǁŝƚŚĂůůĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂůŝŶĚŝĐĞƐ;^ƉĞĂƌŵĂŶ͛Ɛʌф͘Ϯϱ͕ pх͘ϬϭͿ͘

 /ŶŐĞŶĞƌĂů͕ŚŝŐŚĞƌǀĂůƵĞƐŽĨƌďŽƌĞĂůŝƚLJ/ŶĚĞdžĂŶĚ&ƌƵŐŝǀŽƌĞ/ŶĚĞdžŝŶĚŝĐĂƚĞǁĂƌŵĞƌ͕ǁĞƩĞƌ͕ ĂŶĚůĞƐƐƐĞĂƐŽŶĂůĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƐ͘,ŝŐŚĞƌǀĂůƵĞƐŝŶƚŚĞ'ƌĂnjŝŶŐ/ŶĚĞdžƐĞĞŵƚŽŝŶĚŝĐĂƚĞĐŽŽůĞƌ͕ ĚƌŝĞƌ͕ĂŶĚŵŽƌĞƐĞĂƐŽŶĂůĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƐ͘dŚĞĐŽŵďŝŶĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌŝŶĚŝĐĞƐŝŶƉƌĞĚŝĐƟǀĞ;ŽƌŵŽƌĞĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞůLJ͕ƌĞƚƌŽĚŝĐƟǀĞͿŵŽĚĞůƐŽĨĐůŝŵĂƚĞĨŽƌƚŚĞƉƵƌƉŽƐĞƐŽĨƉĂůĞŽĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƌĞĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶĐĂŶƐĞƌǀĞĂƐǀĂůƵĂďůĞƚŽŽůƐŝŶƉĂůĞŽĞĐŽůŽŐLJ͘dŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚͲƚƌƵƚŚŝŶŐŽĨƐƵĐŚ ŵŽĚĞůƐǁŝƚŚĂŶĂůLJƐĞƐŽĨŵŽĚĞƌŶĨĂƵŶĂƐ͕ĂƐǁĂƐƚŚĞŐŽĂůŽĨƚŚŝƐƐƚƵĚLJ͕ŝƐĂŶĞƐƐĞŶƟĂůƐƚĞƉŝŶ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐƚŚĞŵŽĚĞůƐƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐ͘WƌĞůŝŵŝŶĂƌLJƌĞƐƵůƚƐĨƌŽŵŵŽĚĞůůŝŶŐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƐƐƵĐŚĂƐŽŽƐƚĞĚZĞŐƌĞƐƐŝŽŶdƌĞĞƐƐƵŐŐĞƐƚƌĞĂůƉƌĞĚŝĐƟǀĞǀĂůƵĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞŝŶĚŝĐĞƐ͘  ŶĂůLJƐŝƐŽĨƚŚĞ^ŽƵƚŚŵĞƌŝĐĂŶƌŽĚĞŶƚĨĂƵŶĂƐƵŐŐĞƐƚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞŝƐĐŽŶƐŝƐƚĞŶƚŶŝĐŚĞƉĂƌƟƟŽŶŝŶŐǁŝƚŚŝŶƌŽĚĞŶƚƐŝŶƌĞůĂƟŽŶƚŽĐůŝŵĂƚĞ͘'ŝǀĞŶƚŚĞŝƌƵďŝƋƵŝƚLJŝŶƚŚĞĨŽƐƐŝůƌĞĐŽƌĚ͕ƚŚŝƐƐƵŐŐĞƐƚƐƚŚĂƚďĞŝŶŐĂďůĞƚŽĂĐĐƵƌĂƚĞůLJƌĞĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚƌŽĚĞŶƚĞĐŽůŽŐŝĞƐŝŶƚŚĞĨŽƐƐŝůƌĞĐŽƌĚ;ĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůLJ ŝŶƌĞůĂƟŽŶƚŽĚŝĞƚĂŶĚůŽĐŽŵŽƟŽŶͿŵĂLJďĞĂǀĂůƵĂďůĞĂǀĞŶƵĞĨŽƌƉĂůĞŽĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƌĞĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ͘dŚŝƐŝŶƚƵƌŶǁŝůůƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĂďƌŽĂĚͲƐĐĂůĞĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐŽĨŵŽĚĞƌŶƌŽĚĞŶƚĞĐŽŵŽƌƉŚŽůŽŐLJ͘

'DEd^ΘZ&ZE^ tĞǁŽƵůĚůŝŬĞƚŽƚŚĂŶŬƌƐ͘ůLJƚŚĞtŝůůŝĂŵƐ͕>ŽƵŝƐĞZŽƚŚ͕ŽƵŐŽLJĞƌ͕ĂŶĚWĂƵůĂŬĞƌĨŽƌŚĞůƉĨƵůĐŽŶǀĞƌƐĂƟŽŶƐĂďŽƵƚƚŚŝƐ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ͕ĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƌLJĂŶ'ůĂnjĞƌĨŽƌƐƚĂƟƐƟĐĂůŚĞůƉ͘ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚŝƐƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĞĚďLJE^&ŐƌĂŶƚƐϭϯϰϵϳϰϭĂŶĚϭϯϯϴϲϵϰƚŽZ&ŽƌĚ:D͕EĞƐďŝƚͲǀĂŶƐD͘ ϭϵϳϵ͘ŝŽ:>ŝŶŶĞĂŶ^ŽĐ͖ϰͿ&ůĞŵŝŶŐd,͘ϭϵϳϯ͘ĐŽůŽŐLJ͖ϱͿ