local and systemic infection (salpingitis in birds), or localized only (cellulitis in birds). The diagram also shows the potential of poultry and their products to ...
EXTRAINTESTINAL PATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI SEQUENCE TYPE 131 IN HEALTHY BROILER CHICKEN MEAT IN ITALY: A COMBINATION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE WITH VIRULENCE Arash Ghodousi1,2, Celestino Bonura2, Caterina Mammina2 1.PhD School in Molecular Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy 2.Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
Introduction Multidrug-resistant extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli sequence type 131 (ExPEC ST131) has recently emerged as a globally spreading cause of extraintestinal infections in humans. Diverse factors have been investigated to explain the ST131's rapid and successful dissemination, including transmission through animal contact and consumption of food, as suggested by the detection
ExPEC status was attributed to isolates possessing at least two of the following virulence genes: papA/papC, sfa/focG, afa, kpsMT II and iutA. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) PCR was done to detect E. coli sequence type (ST)131.
of ST131 in a number of nonhuman specie. However, there have been very few
Results
reports on E. coli ST131 from either animals (healthy or sick) or foods. This
In total 237 E.coli isolates were isolated from 250 chicken meat samples,
study tests whether a food reservoir, in particular chicken meat, may exist for
of which 12 were attributed with B2 phylogroup (5.1%). All these
these ExPEC ST131.
isolates were resistant to fluoroquinolones and qnrA PMQR determinant was detected in all of them. At least one of the ESBLs genes was detected in all B2 isolates. Plasmidic AmpC or CIT-like were detected in 4 isolates. Based on the molecular definition of ExPEC, all the B2 isolates had the status of ExEPC. The most frequently detected virulence factors were kpsMT II and iutA. SNP-PCR results confirmed that 9/12 isolates of phylogroup (75%) were ST131. Virulence genes among B2 isolates 100% 90%
FIG. 1. Avian and human extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC), their infections, and zoonotic potential. The schematic
80%
diagram illustrates the major ExPEC pathotypes and their infections in humans and birds. ExPEC can cause localized infections that can
70%
become systemic (urinary tract infection [UTI] in humans and airsacculitis in birds), a systemic infection that localizes (meningitis), both a
60%
local and systemic infection (salpingitis in birds), or localized only (cellulitis in birds). The diagram also shows the potential of poultry
50%
and their products to transfer antibiotic (ATB) resistance and ExPEC to humans and cause zoonotic diseases. UPEC, uropathogenic 40%
Escherichia coli; NMEC, neonatal meningitis E. coli; SEPEC, sepsis E. coli; APEC, avian pathogenic E. coli.
30%
Methods
20% 10%
In a prospective survey on 250 raw chicken meat samples sold in retail markets
0% Serie1
kpsMll 100%
papA 17%
sfaS 0%
focG 17%
papC 8%
iut 100%
afa 0%
in Palermo, Italy, during March 2014 to February 2015, cultures were screened by a disk diffusion method for antimicrobial drug resistant E. coli isolates. Production of ESBLs was investigated by the double disk synergy test (DDST)
Conclusions This is the first report of ExPEC ST131 in food animal samples in Sicily.
phenotypic confirmatory test. PCR based assays were done to detect ESBL genes,
plasmid-mediated
AmpC
β-lactamase
Detecting ExPEC ST131 in healthy broiler chicken meat can strengthen genes,
plasmid-mediated the hypothesis of the existence of a food animal source for transmission
quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes qnrA, qnrB, qnrS and aac(6’)-Ib-cr genes, to humans. However, since the number of reported animal- and foodphylogenetic group typing and to define ExPEC-associated traits. ExPEC associated ST131 isolates is quite small, the role of nonhuman host status was attributed to isolates possessing at least two of the following species in the emergence, dissemination, and transmission of ST131 to virulence genes: papA/papC, sfa/focG, afa, kpsMT II and iutA. A single humans remains unclear. Nevertheless, given the serious public health nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) PCR was done to detect E. coli sequence type importance of the emergent ST131 clonal group, even the limited (ST)131. available evidence could indicate a pressing need for further carefully
Antibiotics resistance determinants
100%
studying this concerning issue.
90% 80% 70%
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60%
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50%
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10%
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0% TEM
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