assessment exercises; answer keys for homework and assessment items; ..... to recognize preregistration of research plans, open materials, and open data ... knowledge and focus on estimation from the very start, explaining it in simple terms, .... Chapter 3 describes basic descriptive statistics, introduces the ESCI software, ...
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ABBREVIATIONS ANOVA Analysis of variance APA American Psychological Association confidence interval CI df degrees of freedom Center for Open Science (cos.io) COS DFY don’t fool yourself dependent variable DV ES effect size Exploratory Software for Confidence Intervals ESCI H0 null hypothesis H1 alternative hypothesis IQR inter-quartile range independent variable IV LL lower limit of a CI margin of error (length of one arm of a CI) MoE MoEav average of the two arm lengths of an asymmetric CI NHST null hypothesis significance testing levels of measurement: nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio NOIR OS Open Science Open Science Framework (osf.io) OSF Q1 first quartile second quartile, median Q2 Q3 third quartile randomized control trial RCT standard deviation SD SE standard error UL upper limit of a CI
SYMBOLS α
Type I error rate (alpha)
β β δ η 2 µ µ0 µ1 Π ρ Σ
Type II error rate (beta) slope of a standardized regression line, standardized regression weight population ES, Cohen’s δ (delta) proportion of variance, in ANOVA (eta squared) population mean (mu)
µ specified in the null hypothesis µ specified in the alternative hypothesis population proportion (upper case pi) population Pearson’s correlation (rho) addition (upper case sigma)
σ σ2 φ χ2 ω 2 A a B b C d
population SD (sigma) population variance phi coefficient chi-square proportion of variance, in ANOVA (omega squared) first IV in a factorial design intercept of a regression line second IV in a factorial design slope of a regression line, regression weight level of confidence sample ES, Cohen’s d
dunbiased unbiased estimate of δ F(df1, df2) test statistic used in ANOVA integer, used as an index i k number of levels of an IV M sample mean Mt trimmed mean N, n sample size p p value, in NHST P proportion r Pearson’s correlation s sample SD s2 sample variance sav standardizer for Cohen’s d, paired design sp pooled SD st SD for trimmed data set variable, often with t distribution t t.95(df) .95 critical value of t for stated df V variance X dependent variable integer, numerator of a proportion X Y regression prediction of Y z variable, often with normal distribution z.95 z for central .95 area under normal distribution ? .05 < p
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