IPv6 subnetting

IPv6 subnetting Pierre-Yves Maunier – 11/03/2010 – FRnOG 17 Meeting [email protected]

1/185

IPv6 for LIRs March 2011

IANA IPv4 Pool 40%

30%

20%

10%

0% 2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2

The Registry System

IP Address Distribution /3

IANA

/12

RIR

/32

/48

Allocation

LIR

/56

End User

/48

PA Assignment

PI Assignment 8

Our Slice of the IPv4 Pie Organisations Other IANA AfriNIC LACNIC

RIPE NCC

ARIN

APNIC 13

IPv6 Address Basics •

IPv6 address: 128 bits -

32 bits in IPv4

•

Every subnet should be a /64

•

Customer assignments (sites) between: /64 (1 subnet) - /48 (65,536 subnets) -

•

Minimum allocation size /32 65,536 /48s - 16,777,216 /56s -

30

Multiple addresses Addresses Loopback Link Local Unique Local Global Unicast 6to4 Multicast Teredo

Range ::1 fe80::/10 fc00::/7 2000::/3 2002::/16 ff00::/8 2001::/32

Scope host link site global global variable global

32

IPv6 Allocations and Announcements 6000

RIPE NCC Allocations Total Worldwide Allocations Total Worldwide Announcements

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0 2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011 43

IPv6 Subnetting 2001:0DB8:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000 64 bits interface ID /64 /60 = 16 * /64 /56 = 256 * /64 /48 = 65536 * /64 /44 = 16 * /48 /40 = 256 * /48 /32 = 65536 * /48 Pierre-Yves Maunier – 11/03/2010 – FRnOG 17 Meeting [email protected]

Example 1 : FooBar Networks ●

International Transit Provider

●

LIR

●

Allocation : 2001:0db8::/32

●

Provides various services ●

Static IP Transit connectivity

●

BGP Transit connectivity

●

All services are provided on multiple countries

Pierre-Yves Maunier – 11/03/2010 – FRnOG 17 Meeting [email protected]

2001:0db8::/32 : ALLOCA\TION OF FOOBAR Networks International Backbone providing IP connectivity 2001:0db8:0000::/40

Foobar Infra + Future Use

2001:0db8:0100::/40

Customer Blocks

2001:0db8:0200::/40 Future use ….......................................... 2001:0db8:ff00::/40 Future use 1 * /32 = 256 * /40

2001:0db8::/32 : ALLOCATION OF FOOBAR Networks International Backbone providing IP connectivity 2001:0db8:0000::/40 2001:0db8:0000::/44 2001:0db8:0010::/44 2001:0db8:00f0::/44 2001:0db8:0100::/40

…

Foobar Infra + Future Use FOOBAR INFRA Future use Future use Customer Blocks

2001:0db8:0200::/40 Future Use ….......................................... 2001:0db8:ff00::/40 Future Use

16 * /48

2001:0db8::/32 : ALLOCATION OF FOOBAR Networks International Backbone providing IP connectivity 2001:0db8:0000::/40 2001:0db8:0000::/44 2001:0db8:0000::/48 2001:0db8:0010::/44

Foobar Infra + Future Use FOOBAR INFRA Backbone addresses Future use

… 2001:0db8:00f0::/44 2001:0db8:0100::/40

Future use Customer Blocks

2001:0db8:0200::/40 Future Use ….......................................... 2001:0db8:ff00::/40 Future Use

2001:0db8::/32 : ALLOCATION OF FOOBAR Networks International Backbone providing IP connectivity 2001:0db8:0000::/40 2001:0db8:0000::/44 2001:0db8:0000::/48 2001:0db8:0000:0000::/56 2001:0db8:0000:0100::/56 2001:0db8:0010::/44 … 2001:0db8:00f0::/44 2001:0db8:0100::/40

Foobar Infra + Future Use FOOBAR INFRA Backbone addresses Routers loopbacks + intercos Customers Interco Future use Future use Customer Blocks

2001:0db8:0200::/40 Future Use ….......................................... 2001:0db8:ff00::/40 Future Use

2001:0db8::/32 : ALLOCATION OF FOOBAR Networks International Backbone providing IP connectivity 2001:0db8:0000::/40 2001:0db8:0000::/44 2001:0db8:0000::/48 2001:0db8:0000:0000::/56

Foobar Infra + Future Use FOOBAR INFRA Backbone addresses Routers loopbacks + intercos Routers loopbacks PNI intercos Internationals Links intercos FR routers intercos UK routers intercos DE routers intercos NL routers intercos

2001:0db8:0000:0000::/64 2001:0db8:0000:0001::/64 2001:0db8:0000:0002::/64 2001:0db8:0000:0003::/64 2001:0db8:0000:0004::/64 2001:0db8:0000:0005::/64 2001:0db8:0000:0006::/64

2001:0db8:0000:0100::/56

Customers Intercos

2001:0db8:0000:0100::/64 2001:0db8:0000:0101::/64 2001:0db8:0000:0102::/64 2001:0db8:0000:0103::/64 2001:0db8:0000:0104::/64

unused unused unused FR customers intercos UK customers intercos etc

2001:0db8:0010::/44 2001:0db8:00f0::/44 2001:0db8:0100::/40

…

Future use Future use Customer Blocks

2001:0db8:0200::/40 Future Use ….......................................... 2001:0db8:ff00::/40 Future Use

2001:0db8::/32 : ALLOCATION OF FOOBAR Networks International Backbone providing IP connectivity 2001:0db8:0000::/40 2001:0db8:0000::/44 2001:0db8:0000::/48 2001:0db8:0000:0000::/56

Foobar Infra + Future Use FOOBAR INFRA Backbone addresses Routers loopbacks + intercos Routers loopbacks PNI intercos Internationals Links intercos FR routers intercos UK routers intercos DE routers intercos NL routers intercos

2001:0db8:0000:0000::/64 2001:0db8:0000:0001::/64 2001:0db8:0000:0002::/64 2001:0db8:0000:0003::/64 2001:0db8:0000:0004::/64 2001:0db8:0000:0005::/64 2001:0db8:0000:0006::/64

2001:0db8:0000:0100::/56

Customers Intercos

2001:0db8:0000:0100::/64 2001:0db8:0000:0101::/64 2001:0db8:0000:0102::/64 2001:0db8:0000:0103::/64 2001:0db8:0000:0104::/64

unused unused unused FR customers intercos UK customers intercos etc

2001:0db8:0010::/44 2001:0db8:00f0::/44 2001:0db8:0100::/40

…

Future use Future use Customer Blocks

2001:0db8:0200::/40 Future Use ….......................................... 2001:0db8:ff00::/40 Future Use

2001:0db8::/32 : ALLOCATION OF FOOBAR Networks International Backbone providing IP connectivity Foobar Infra + Future Use 2001:0db8:0000::/40 FOOBAR INFRA 2001:0db8:0000::/44 backbone addresses 2001:0db8:0000::/48 routers loopbacks + intercos 2001:0db8:0001:0000::/56 Routers loopbacks 2001:0db8:0001:0000::/64 cr1.paris 2001:0db8:0001:0000::1/128 cr2.paris 2001:0db8:0001:0000::2/128 cr1.london 2001:0db8:0001:0000::3/128 or we perform a match with the IPv4 loopbacks cr1.paris (loopback IPv4 : 192.168.0.1) 2001:0db8:0001:0000:192:168:0:1/128 Intercos : PNI 2001:0db8:0001:0001::/64 PNI Wan One AS1111 2001:0db8:0001:0001::0000/126 PNI Too Two AS2222 2001:0db8:0001:0001::0004/126 International Intercos 2001:0db8:0001:0002::/64 2001:0db8:0001:0002::0000/126 cr1.paris – cr1.london 2001:0db8:0001:0002::0004/126 cr2.london – cr1.amsterdam 2001:0db8:0001:0002::0008/126 cr2.amsterdam – cr1.frankfurt FR routers Interco 2001:0db8:0001:0003::/64 2001:0db8:0001:0003::0000/126 cr1.paris – cr2.paris 2001:0db8:0001:0003::0004/126 cr1.paris – er1.paris UK routers Interco 2001:0db8:0001:0004::/64 2001:0db8:0001:0004::0000/126 cr1.london – cr2.london 2001:0db8:0001:0004::0004/126 cr1.london – er1.london DE routers Interco 2001:0db8:0001:0005::/64 2001:0db8:0001:0005::0000/126 cr1.frankfurt – cr2.frankfurt 2001:0db8:0001:0005::0004/126 cr1.frankfurt – er1.frankfurt NL routers Interco 2001:0db8:0001:0006::/64 2001:0db8:0001:0006::0000/126 cr1.amsterdam – cr2.amsterdam 2001:0db8:0001:0006::0004/126 cr1.amsterdam – er1.amsterdam Customers Interco 2001:0db8:0001:0100::/56 FR customers Interco 2001:0db8:0001:0103::/64 2001:0db8:0001:0103::0000/126 French customer interco #1 UK customers Interco 2001:0db8:0001:0104::/64 2001:0db8:0001:0104::0000/126 English customer interco #1 2001:0db8:0001:0104::0004/126 English customer interco #2 2001:0db8:0001:0104::0008/126 English customer interco #3 2001:0db8:0001:0104::000c/126 English customer interco #4 2001:0db8:0001:0104::0010/124 English customer interco #5 (2 HA Firewalls on customer side) 2001:0db8:0001:0104::0020/126 English customer interco #6

2001:0db8::/32 : ALLOCATION OF FOOBAR Networks International Backbone providing IP connectivity 2001:0db8:0000::/40

Foobar Infra + Future Use

2001:0db8:0100::/40

Customer Blocks

2001:0db8:0200::/40 Future use ….......................................... 2001:0db8:ff00::/40 Future use 1 * /32 = 256 * /40

2001:0db8::/32 : ALLOCATION OF FOOBAR Networks International Backbone providing IP connectivity 2001:0db8:0000::/40

Foobar Infra + Future Use

2001:0db8:0100::/40 Customer Blocks 2001:0db8:0100::/44 /56 Customers 2001:0db8:0110::/44 /48 Customers - 1st Block 2001:0db8:0120::/44 /48 Customers - 2nd Block 2001:0db8:0200::/40 Future use ….......................................... 2001:0db8:ff00::/40 Future use

4096 * /56 in a /44 16 * /48 in a /44

2001:0db8::/32 : ALLOCATION OF FOOBAR Networks International Backbone providing IP connectivity 2001:0db8:0000::/40

Foobar Infra + Future Use

2001:0db8:0100::/40 2001:0db8:0100::/44 2001:0db8:0100::/48 2001:0db8:0101::/48 2001:0db8:0102::/48 2001:0db8:0103::/48 2001:0db8:0104::/48 2001:0db8:0110::/44 2001:0db8:0110::/48 2001:0db8:0111::/48 2001:0db8:0112::/48

Customer Blocks /56 Customers unused unused unused FR Customers UK Customers /48 Customers - 1st Block Customer #01 in whatever country Customer #02 in whatever country Customer #03 in whatever country …

2001:0db8:011f::/48 Customer #16 in whatever country 2001:0db8:0120::/44 /48 Customers - 2nd Block 2001:0db8:0200::/40 Future use ….......................................... 2001:0db8:ff00::/40 Future use

4096 * /56 in a /44

16 * /48 in a /44

2001:0db8::/32 : ALLOCATION OF FOOBAR Networks International Backbone providing IP connectivity 2001:0db8:0000::/40

Foobar Infra + Future Use

2001:0db8:0100::/40 2001:0db8:0100::/44 2001:0db8:0100::/48 2001:0db8:0101::/48 2001:0db8:0102::/48 2001:0db8:0103::/48 2001:0db8:0103:0000::/56 2001:0db8:0103:0100::/56 2001:0db8:0104::/48 2001:0db8:0104:0000::/56 2001:0db8:0104:0100::/56 2001:0db8:0110::/44 2001:0db8:0110::/48 2001:0db8:0111::/48 2001:0db8:0112::/48

Customer Blocks /56 Customers unused unused unused FR Customers /56 cust #1 in France /56 cust #2 in France UK Customers /56 cust #1 in UK /56 cust #2 in UK /48 Customers - 1st Block Customer #01 in whatever country Customer #02 in whatever country Customer #03 in whatever country …

2001:0db8:011f::/48 Customer #16 in whatever country 2001:0db8:0120::/44 /48 Customers - 2nd Block 2001:0db8:0200::/40 Future use ….......................................... 2001:0db8:ff00::/40 Future use

4096 * /56 in a /44

16 * /48 in a /44

Example 2 : FooBar Networks ●

Hosting Company

●

LIR

●

Allocation : 2001:0db8::/32

●

Provides various services ●

Static IP Transit connectivity

●

BGP Transit connectivity

●

Hosting on 2 datacenters

Pierre-Yves Maunier – 11/03/2010 – FRnOG 17 Meeting [email protected]

2001:0db8::/32 : ALLOCATION OF FOOBAR Networks : Hosti\ng + Tra\nsit services 2001:0db8:0000::/40

Foobar Infra + Future Use

2001:0db8:0100::/40

Customer Blocks

2001:0db8:0200::/40 Futures Use ….......................................... 2001:0db8:ff00::/40 Futures Use 1 * /32 = 256 * /40

2001:0db8::/32 : ALLOCATION OF FOOBAR Networks : Hosting + Transit services 2001:0db8:0000::/40 2001:0db8:0000::/44 2001:0db8:0010::/44

Foobar Infra + Future Use Foobar Infra Future use …................................... 2001:0db8:00f0::/44 Future use 2001:0db8:0100::/40 Customer Blocks

2001:0db8:0200::/40 Futures Use ….......................................... 2001:0db8:ff00::/40 Futures Use

2001:0db8::/32 : ALLOCATION OF FOOBAR Networks : Hosting + Transit services 2001:0db8:0000::/40 2001:0db8:0000::/44 2001:0db8:0000::/48 2001:0db8:0001::/48 2001:0db8:0002::/48 2001:0db8:0010::/44

Foobar Infra + Future Use Foobar Infra Backbone addresses Hosting Telecity Hosting Telehouse 2 Future use …................................... 2001:0db8:00f0::/44 Future use 2001:0db8:0100::/40 Customer Blocks

2001:0db8:0200::/40 Futures Use ….......................................... 2001:0db8:ff00::/40 Futures Use

2001:0db8::/32 : ALLOCATION OF FOOBAR Networks : Hosting + Transit services 2001:0db8:0000::/40 2001:0db8:0000::/44 2001:0db8:0000::/48 2001:0db8:0000:0000::/56 2001:0db8:0000:0100::/56 2001:0db8:0001::/48 2001:0db8:0002::/48 2001:0db8:0010::/44

Foobar Infra + Future Use Foobar Infra Backbone addresses Routers loopbacks + intercos Foobar Infra Hosting Telecity Hosting Telehouse 2 Future use …................................... 2001:0db8:00f0::/44 Future use 2001:0db8:0100::/40 Customer Blocks

2001:0db8:0200::/40 Futures Use ….......................................... 2001:0db8:ff00::/40 Futures Use

2001:0db8::/32 : ALLOCATION OF FOOBAR Networks : Hosting + Transit services 2001:0db8:0000::/40 2001:0db8:0000::/44 2001:0db8:0000::/48 2001:0db8:0000:0000::/56 2001:0db8:0000:0000::/64 2001:0db8:0000:0001::/64 2001:0db8:0000:0002::/64 2001:0db8:0000:0003::/64 2001:0db8:0000:0004::/64

2001:0db8:0000:0100::/56 2001:0db8:0000:0100::/64 2001:0db8:0000:0101::/64 2001:0db8:0000:0102::/64

2001:0db8:0001::/48 2001:0db8:0001:0100::/64 2001:0db8:0001:0115::/64 2001:0db8:0001:0118::/64

2001:0db8:0002::/48

Foobar Infra + Future Use Foobar Infra Backbone addresses Routers loopbacks + intercos Routers loopbacks Intercos : PNI Intercos : Routers Intercos : BGP Customers Intercos : Statics Customers

Foobar Infra Primary DNS Secondary DNS Monitoring

Hosting Telecity Customers VLAN 100 Customers VLAN 115 Customers VLAN 280

Hosting Telehouse 2

2001:0db8:0002:0025::/64

Customers VLAN 25

2001:0db8:0002:0027::/64

Customers VLAN 27

2001:0db8:0010::/44

Future use …................................... 2001:0db8:00f0::/44 Future use 2001:0db8:0100::/40 Customer Blocks

….......................................... 2001:0db8:ff00::/40 Futures Use

If we use DECIMAL translation If we use DECIMAL translation 118 HEX = 280 DEC

2001:0db8::/32 : ALLOCATION OF FOOBAR Networks : Hosting + Transit services Foobar Infra + Future Use 2001:0db8:0000::/40 Foobar Infra 2001:0db8:0000::/44 Backbone addresses 2001:0db8:0000::/48 Routers loopbacks + intercos 2001:0db8:0000:0000::/56 Routers loopbacks 2001:0db8:0000:0000::/64 core1 Telecity 2001:0db8:0000:0000::1/128 core2 Telecity 2001:0db8:0000:0000::2/128 core1 Telehouse 2 2001:0db8:0000:0000::3/128 core2 Telehouse 2 2001:0db8:0000:0000::4/128 or we perform a match with the IPv4 loopbacks core1 Telecity 2001:0db8:0000:0000:192:168:0:1/128 …. Intercos : PNI 2001:0db8:0000:0001::/64 PNI Peer #1 AS1111 2001:0db8:0000:0001::0000/126 PNI Peer #2 AS2222 2001:0db8:0000:0001::0004/126 Intercos : Routers 2001:0db8:0000:0002::/64 core1.telecity – core2.telecity 2001:0db8:0000:0002::0000/126 core2.telecity – core1.th2 2001:0db8:0000:0002::0004/126 core2.telecity – core2.th2 2001:0db8:0000:0002::0008/126 core2.th2 – core1.th2 2001:0db8:0000:0002::000c/126 Intercos : BGP Customers 2001:0db8:0000:0003::/64 cust #1 telecity 2001:0db8:0000:0003::0000/126 cust #2 telehouse 2 2001:0db8:0000:0003::0004/126 Intercos : Statics Customers 2001:0db8:0000:0004::/64 /126 equivalent to /30 IPv4 : 2 usable IPs /124 equivalent to /28 IPv4 : 14 usable IPs We will prefer /124 over /125 (equivalent to /29 IPv4) : easier to subnet Foobar Infra 2001:0db8:0000:0100::/56 Primary DNS 2001:0db8:0000:0100::/64 Secondary DNS 2001:0db8:0000:0101::/64 Monitoring 2001:0db8:0000:0102::/64 core1 Telecity Gateway 2001:0db8:0000:0102::0001 nachos 2001:0db8:0000:0102::0002 cactus 2001:0db8:0000:0102::0003 Hosting Telecity 2001:0db8:0001::/48 Customers VLAN 100 2001:0db8:0001:0100::/64 Customers VLAN 115 2001:0db8:0001:0115::/64 Customers VLAN 280 2001:0db8:0001:0118::/64 Hosting Telehouse 2 2001:0db8:0002::/48 Customers VLAN 25 2001:0db8:0002:0025::/64 Customers VLAN 27 2001:0db8:0002:0027::/64

(loopback IPv4 : 192.168.0.1)

If we use DECIMAL translation If we use DECIMAL translation 118 HEX = 280 DEC

2001:0db8::/32 : ALLOCATION OF FOOBAR Networks : Hosting + Transit services 2001:0db8:0000::/40

Foobar Infra + Future Use

2001:0db8:0100::/40

Customer Blocks

2001:0db8:0200::/40 Futures Use ….......................................... 2001:0db8:ff00::/40 Futures Use 1 * /32 = 256 * /40

2001:0db8::/32 : ALLOCATION OF FOOBAR Networks : Hosting + Transit services 2001:0db8:0000::/40 Foobar Infra + Future Use 2001:0db8:0100::/40 Customer Blocks 2001:0db8:0100::/44 /56 Customers 2001:0db8:0110::/44 /48 Customers - 1st Block 2001:0db8:0120::/44 /48 Customers - 2nd Block … 2001:0db8:01f0::/44 /48 Customers - 15th Block 2001:0db8:0200::/40 Future Use ….......................................... 2001:0db8:ff00::/40 Future Use

2048 * /56 in a /44 16 * /48 in a /44

Best practices states that we allocate a /48 or a /56 to the customer. It depends on what we want to do and what the customer want. This is just an example of what we can do. -

For example if a static customer has a router, we have a interco block (/126) and we route a /48 or /56 on his router. Then he will be able to subnet his block as he wants.

-

If the customer does not have any router, we can allocate him a /56 or /48 (depending on their Future needs) but we directly configure the first /64 on our router to provide him the connectivity.

2001:0db8::/32 : ALLOCATION OF FOOBAR Networks : Hosting + Transit services 2001:0db8:0000::/40 Foobar Infra + Future Use 2001:0db8:0100::/40 Customer Blocks 2001:0db8:0100::/44 /56 Customers 2001:0db8:0100::/48 IPv6 Cust @ Telecity 2001:0db8:0100:0000::/56 Customer #1 2001:0db8:0100:0100::/56 Customer #2 2001:0db8:0101::/48 IPv6 Cust @ Telehouse 2 2001:0db8:0101:0000::/56 Customer #3 2001:0db8:0101:0100::/56 Customer #4 2001:0db8:0110::/44 /48 Customers - 1st Block 2001:0db8:0110::/48 Customer #100 2001:0db8:0111::/48 Customer #101 2001:0db8:0112::/48 Customer #102 … 2001:0db8:011f::/48 Customer #115 2001:0db8:0120::/44 /48 Customers - 2nd Block … 2001:0db8:01f0::/44 /48 Customers - 15th Block ….......................................... 2001:0db8:ff00::/40 Future Use With this configuration, 1*/40 can host 2048 * /56 customers and 240 * /48 customers We can also use this /40 to host 256 * /56 customers and 255 * /48 customers

2048 * /56 in a /44

16 * /48 in a /44

Ripe Document :

http://www.ripe.net/training/material/IPv6-for-LIRs-Training-Course/IPv6-for-LIRs-Training-Slides.pdf

Pierre-Yves Maunier – 11/03/2010 – FRnOG 17 Meeting [email protected]

Questions ? (vite avant la pause café) Pierre-Yves Maunier – 11/03/2010 – FRnOG 17 Meeting [email protected]