B.Baasannamjii and L.Bayasgalan. Mong.J.Agric.Sci. (2017) Vol.21 (02) This article is published under the Creative Commons CC-BY License.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v21i02.912 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v21i02.912
ISSUES ON TOURISM AND RECREATIONAL CAPACITY IN KHANGAI NURUU B.Baasannamjii* and L.Bayasgalan School of of Agroecology, School Agroecology, Mongolian Mongolian University University of of Life Life Sciences, Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia Zaisan-17024, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia *Corresponding author:
[email protected] ABSTRACT The imbalances of development such as unequal benefits of the tourism, high migration from tourism undeveloped area, over-centralization in developed area are derived from the issue of the tourism development policy is not covered the whole region. Therefore the state and local organizations and administration of specially protected areas should take their consideration on sustainable development of the tourism with policy and planning in order to balance the benefits of local people, foreign and domestic travelers and entities, to give positive tendency of nature, to improve the protection and utilization of natural resources. The sustainable tourism, one of rapid developing and most appropriate types of tourism can be the large financial resources to improve the management of specially protected area, if implement the sustainable tourism in specially protected areas with appropriate policy and management. KEY WORDS: natural resorts, travel, recreation, sustainable tourism and area capacity. INTRODUCTION According to the study of specially protected areas of countries around the world, the countries have been inheriting their natural resources, beauties, unique natural formations to the next generations, and protecting such areas for purpose of providing the need of recreation without damaging the areas. Such solutions have been creating the possibility of tourism development in specially protected areas. We intended to study and the tourism activities in specially protected areas of Khangai range and determine the possibility of sustainable development
of tourism because of their attractiveness to the tourists and demands of sustainable development. In scope of the policy to primarily develop the recreation and tourism activities in Khangai range which stipulated in “Sustainable Development of XXI Century of Mongolia”, “Mongolian Concept of Regional Development” and “Tourism Program of Khangai range of Mongolia”, it’s required to make accurate calculation on the natural resources utilization and resources of recreation.
B.Baasannamjii and L.Bayasgalan. Mong.J.Agric.Sci. (2017) Vol.21 (02) B.Baasannamjii and L.Bayasgalan. Mong.J.Agric.Sci. (2017) Vol.21 (02)
85 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v21i02.912
MATERIALS AND METHOD Our research team conducted the field study in June– August, 2013-2016 along route of Ulaanbaatar-TovUvurkhangai-Arkhangai-Bulgan-Tuv-Ulaanbaatar. The natural resorts of Terkhi and Orkhon bottom land in Kharkhorin, Khujirt and Bat-Ulziitsoums of Uvurkhangai province, Tsenkher, Tsetserleg, Ikhtamir, Chuluut, Tariat, Khotontsoums of Arkhangai province have been selected as the research object and we made their assessment of natural tourism utilization and resources and studied the possibility of sustainable tourism development. During the research we comparatively studied and analyzed the documents approved by the government, state and administrative organizations, materials from National Conference of Tourism and Science Convention, research report, guidance, creation and information from websites, international experts, researches and specialists. By the field study we determined the locations of tourism resources around
Khangai range via GPS GARMIN etrex 30 and selected the observation points to make site survey. We used observation, interview and questionnaire methods for the research. We used the methodology of N.N.Blaga (2003) the scientist of Russia, to determine the resources capacity of natural resort of Terkhi and Orkhon bottom land, the main research object which is overloaded during the tourism season. To determine the density of recreationist’s uponan hour: ∑ 𝒅𝒅 ∗𝒕𝒕 𝑫𝑫𝒉𝒉 = 𝒊𝒊=𝟏𝟏 𝒊𝒊 𝒊𝒊 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝑫𝑫𝒉𝒉 = 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 ∑𝒊𝒊=𝟏𝟏 𝒅𝒅𝟏𝟏 𝒕𝒕𝟏𝟏 +𝒅𝒅𝟐𝟐 𝒕𝒕𝟐𝟐 +⋯+𝒅𝒅𝒏𝒏 𝒕𝒕𝒏𝒏 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔
We also used the methodologies of N.A. Kumova (2004), L. Bayarkhuu (2004) and L. Bayasgalan (2008) to make process on the research materials.
RESULT Natural resort of Khorgo-Terkhi has great resources of forest recreation. The Natural resort of KhorgoTerkhi locates in central zone of Khangai range and its landscape is combined by forest and mountain steppes and located in 2100-2500 m above the sea level. The natural resort is located in the transiting area of recreation alongside of highway connects
Kharkhorin and Khuvsgul. We determined the location of the points which high capacity of recreation in the natural resort of Khorgo-Terkhi, assessed the landscape types of land as high, highest, average and weak (Picture 1) and we calculated the stream and capacity of touists (Table 1).
Figure 1. Landscape assessment of the natural resort of Khorgo-Terkhi
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Table 1 Result determined the congestion of tourism-recreation in KhorgoTerkh national park To determine the The average congestion of Locations of the object determined recreational capacity recreation upon invariable the congestion of tourismupon an hour at objects ∑𝐧𝐧 𝐢𝐢=𝟏𝟏 𝐍𝐍𝐍𝐍𝐍𝐍 recreation and its high daysNdd= people.day/ 𝐧𝐧 Nh=𝑫𝑫𝒉𝒉 *tpeople.hour/hec points/A.S.L / hectare tare 0 Khishig camp/N-48 10,405’ 2,5people.hour/hectare 20people.day/hectare E-099048,842’, A.S.L 2078м/ IkhKhorgo camp/ N-48010,886’ 6,5people.hour/hectare 52 people.day/hectare E-099048,624’, A.S.L 2047м/ Tsagaannuur camp/ N-48010,557’ 2,5people.hour/hectare 20people.day/hectare E-099048,453’, A.S.L 2052м/ Terkh-Enkh camp/ N-48010,117’ 2,5people.hour/hectare 20people.day/hectare E-099047,076’, A.S.L 2057м/ Maikhantolgoi camp/ N-48010,774’ 4people.hour/hectare 32people.day/hectare E-099045,779’, A.S.L 2056м/ Khorgo camp /N-48012 ,264’ 2people.hour/hectare 16people.day/hectare E-099050,761’, A.S.L 2106м/ Eco ger-9 camp/ N-48011,067’ 3,5people.hour/hectare 28people.day/hectare E-099048,345’, A.S.L 2055м/ Eco ger-21 camp/ N-4801015641 1,5people.hour/hectare 12people.day/hectare E-099046,799’, A.S.L2056м/ Zaluus cave/ N-48010,372’ 22 people.hour/hectare 176people.day/hectare E-099048,619’, A.S.L2065м/ 0 Sharnokhoin tam cave/N-48 11,007’ 23 people.hour/hectare 184people.day/hectare E-099047,016’, A.S.L 2080 м/ Ovgonkhadstone/N-48010,898’ 15 people.hour/hectare 120 people.day/hectare E-099047,310’, A.S.L 2056м/ Khorgiintogoo volcano /N-48011,087’ 95people.hour/hectare 760people.day/hectare 0 E-099 47,076’, A.S.L 2180 м/ Terkhiintsagaan lake/N-48010,117’ 78 people.hour/hectare 624people.day/hectare E-099047,310’, A.S.L 2057м/ Uurtiintokhoi mineral water/N-460 75 people.hour/hectare 600 people.day/hectare 53,468’,E-102022,469’,A.S.L 1666м/ Tuvkhun monastery/N-47000,846’ 53 people.hour/hectare 424 people.day/hectare E-102017,293’ A.S.L 1899м/ Temeenchuluu ancient crave mound /N-46052,840’,E-102020,717’, 25 people.hour/hectare 200 people.day/hectare A.S.L1656м/ Mogoit hot spa resort/N-46044,977’ 18 people.hour/hectare 144 people.day/hectare E-102013,842’, A.S.L 1849м/ Ulaantsutgalan falls/N-4647,192’ 101 people.hour/hectare 808 people.day/hectare E-101057,542’, A.S.L1809м/ Zayakhuree monastery/N-47028,833’ 32 people.hour/hectare 256 people.day/hectare E-101027,150’, A.S.L1709м/ Taikhar stone/N-47035,936’ 64 people.hour/hectare 512 people.day/hectare E-101015,197’, A.S.L1600м/ Chuluutgorge/N-48006,436’ 48 people.hour/hectare 384 people.day/hectare E-100017,802’, A.S.L1848м/ Zuunsalaa mod trees/N-48008,026’ 45 people.hour/hectare 360 people.day/hectare E-100016,447’, A.S.L1886 м/
B.Baasannamjii and L.Bayasgalan. Mong.J.Agric.Sci. (2017) Vol.21 (02) B.Baasannamjii and L.Bayasgalan. Mong.J.Agric.Sci. (2017) Vol.21 (02)
87 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v21i02.912
The plant grinding standard by A. Kostrovitskya scientist of Poland is 1 hectare=300 people, the standard is 2.53 times greater in the natural resources of Khorgo-Terkhi, 2.08 times greater in the natural resort of Terkhi White Lake and 1.35 times greater in the natural resort of Orkhon bottom land. It shows that the areas will be overloaded in recent years. The local people and employees of the tourist camps have
less knowledge in sustainable tourism. According to the study, they have wrong impression that planting trees, gardening, pavement installation and car parking are the great landscaping works for the tourists. They are not implementing the environment and sustainable tourism management for their work. The number of domestic tourists has been increasing and 70% of total tourists are domestics.
DISCUSSION There are several creations of Development of Tourism in Specially Protected Area by the scientists and researchers. B. Oyungerel, the researcher determined “The specially protected areas includes the sites with advantages of science, history, culture and beauty which completely or permanently freed from the economical utilization in order to protect the environment and the specially protected area is the essential section of the earth”. And she emphasized that the development of tourism in specially protected area is needful and measurements for restricting the negative effects to the environment. M. Bilegsaikhan stated that “Rendering the tourism activities and services in specially protected area is the complex operation of management and organization which directed to keep the beauty of nature and make the reputation of recreation and tourism up”. Therefore he considers the land utilization system in specially
protected area should be the system that combines nature protection and utilization. And D. Dash said “The specially protected areas includes the sites with advantages of science, history, travel, and recreation and its required to protect the landscape, water, plants, animals and other natural objects in the specially protected area. The extension of specially protected area is significant for providing the urgent needs of recreation and protection of natural resources”. According to our study, it is clear that we should implement the tourism in specially protected area without overloading and complying its capacity with management, eco directions and policy of sustainable development. The urgent issues of sustainable utilization of nature in tourism are capacity of travel and recreation and its standard settings.
CONCLUSION The standard is 2.53 times greater in the natural resources of Khorgo-Terkhi, 2.08 times greater in the natural resort of Terkhi White Lake and 1.35 times greater in the natural resort of Orkhon bottom land. It shows that the areas will be overloaded in recent years. That shows there are overloading. To develop the sustainable tourism in the natural resorts of Khangai range, we should take requirements to establish the adequate tourist camps and decrease the number of tourist camps in natural resorts. To organize the tourism in less area (SPA) which are the basic resources of tourism, has following difficulties: Overloading of tourism resources: It has negative results of loss of natural formation, lifestyle and migration from their mother land, if there is an
overloading of tourism. And it has bad effects to endangered animals and plants in the area. Increase of resource depreciation and disruption: Environment depreciation and disruption is derived from the rapid development of road, transportation, communication and energy infrastructure which followed the development of tourism. To streamline the land utilization of tourism in natural resorts around the Khangai range, we should make accurate study in further. And it’s important to accurately consider the social and economic issues of population aggregation, location of cities and towns, human resources supply, land fund structure, management and road network.
RECOMMENDATION The state and local organizations and administration of specially protected areas are required to implement
the following activities for domestic and foreign tourists in order to develop the sustainable tourism:
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v21i02.912
Extend the cooperation between tour Provide the information of features and operators and local people (create the beauty of the nature and its sensitiveness to supply except meat and milk supply the tourists. B.Baasannamjii and L.Bayasgalan. andMong.J.Agric.Sci. horse riding) (2017) Vol.21 (02) Make demonstration for improvement of Improve the participation of local ecology education and knowledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v21i02.912 people on tourism Develop the infrastructure by constructing To study the satisfaction of tourists, sunshades, rooms,ofspecial sitesand for Extend the cooperation between tour Provide therecreation information features make demonstration and present its firing and cooking, routes and operators and local people (create the beauty of the nature landscaping and its sensitiveness to importance. pavements, road signs. supply meat and milk supply the tourists. 2. To develop the except Agro Tourism: Make regulations to improve the horseagro riding) Make demonstration for improvement of and Provide tourism activities to the requirements for the cars for tourists. Improve the participation of local ecology education and knowledge. herders and demonstrate the Organize the local people under one people on tourism Develop the infrastructure by constructing opportunities to connect their daily management, prepare the local people who To satisfaction of tourists, sunshades, recreation rooms, special sites for life study to thethe tourism and increase their well knows their mother land as guide. make demonstration and present its firing and cooking, landscaping routes and incomes, present the herding activity pavements, Mature the domestic travelers to protect their importance. road signs. to the tourists. mother nature. 2. To develop the Agro Make regulations to improve the Organize the Tourism: international exhibition requirements Develop the for charge for entry to Specially Provide agro tourism the the cars for tourists. and festivals of meat,activities milk andtomilk Protected Areas. herders and demonstrate the Organize the local people under one products the natural healthy foods management, Control the backpacking opportunities to connect their daily prepare thetourists. local people who and its importance in the region. And well Cooperate withmother tourlandoperators life to the tourism and increase their knows their as guide. and increase the participation of state and preservationists. incomes, present the herding Mature the domestic travelers to protect their local organizations and activity private We should take consideration on following issues to to the tourists. mother nature. enterprises to such activities. develop the sustainable tourism in specially protected theparticipation internationalof exhibition Organize Increase the banking Develop the charge for entry to Specially areas around Khangai range: and festivals of meat, milk and milk system and state policy for issuing Protected Areas. 1. To develop the Community Based Tourism: products the natural healthy foods loans to develop the opportunities to Control the backpacking tourists. Demonstrate the sustainable tourism and its importance in the region. And welcome the tourists in herders site Cooperate with tour operators and to local people increase the participation of state and Specially develop the agro tourism in preservationists. Demonstrate the opportunities to local organizations and private the tour operating activities, develop We should take consideration on following issues to connect their daily life to the tourism I.Khatanbaatar et al. enterprises to suchin activities. (2017) Vol.21 (02) theMong.J.Agric.Sci. agro tourism less developed develop the sustainable tourism in specially protected and increase their incomes Increase the participation of banking DOI: https://doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v21i02.899 areas. areas around Khangai range: system and state policy for issuing 1. 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