kritika #7

SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis instituti

kritika

#7

Tbilisi 2012 1

UDK(uak) 22.09(051.2) k-847

redaqtori manana kvaWantiraZe saredaqcio sabWo: lali avaliani Teimuraz doiaSvili Tamaz vasaZe ani kldiaSvili lela oCiauri irma ratiani maka joxaZe

garekanis dizaini: soso tabucaZe

redaqciis misamarTi: 0108, Tbilisi, merab kostavas q. # 5 tel. 99-53-00; E-mail: [email protected] ISNN 1987-7102

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veqtorebi

lali avaliani

rusul-afxazuri ìdilia~ guram rCeuliSvilis ùkanaskneli abenseraJis~ mixedviT Tema da variaciebi `perestroikis~ Semdeg, roca simarTlis Tqma dausjeladac SeiZleboda, oseTis (anu CrdiloeT oseTis avtonomiuri respublikis) ck-is maSindelma mdivanma televiziiT, sajarod ganacxada: didi madloba qarTvelebs, samxreT oseTis avtonomiuri olqi rom ara, osebs dRes dakarguli gveqneboda TviTmyofadoba, radgan swored saqarTveloSi gaxda SesaZlebeli osuri enisa da kulturis SenarCunebao. sruli simarTlea: 70-80-ian wlebSi `CrdiloeT oseTi~ sakuTriv ruseTis sxva regionebisagan didad ar gansxvavdeboda, TiTqmis mTlianad iyo garusebuli. am dReSi gaxldaT afxazeTic, sadac Tanabrad iyo Seviwroebuli qarTuli da afxazuri enebis areali. paradoqsia, rom sul male (maSin jer kidev ar arsebobda lixnis agresiuli, qsenofobiuri, Tavzardamcemi `deklaracia~), afxazma separatistebma `frTiani~ aforizmiT, _ Tu walekvaa, gvijobs zRvas SevuerTdeT, vidre mdinareso, _ ra Tqma unda, ruseTis waqezebiT da xelSewyobiT, niadagi Seamzades uazro da uzneo ZmaTamkvleli omisaTvis, rac, sabolood ruseTis mier iqaur qarTvelTa genocidiT `dagvirgvinda~. afaxazTa didi megobari da mxatvruli mematiane konstantine gamsaxurdia werda: `yoveli eri, romelsac sicocxle swyuria, Tavmoyvarea, yvela cdilobs arsebobisaTvis brZolaSi gamarjvebuli gamovides. nuravisa aqvs imis imedi, rom mezoblis qurqi gamaTbobso~ (gaz. ìmereTi~, 1913 w.). vera da ver gaaTbo didi mezoblis qurqma `zRvasTan SeerTebis~ mosurne dRevandeli `damoukidebeli~ afxazeTi. ruseTis imperiisagan gansxvavebiT, saqarTvelos mier `walekili~ eTnosi istorias ar axsovs.

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*** Sewuxebuli davCerebivar afxazeTis zRvispireTis rukas, dardiani da bednieric naTeli mogonebebiT, radgan mravali zafxuli maqvs gatarebuli soxumsa Tu gagraSi, biWvinTasa Tu liZavaSi, oCamCiresa Tu leseliZeSi, babuSeraSi (mis xsenebaze axla `maJrJolebs da tanSi mzaravs~, maSin ki, nazRvaurze, aerodromze davdiodiT ugemrielesi, silaSi moduRebuli Turquli yavis dasalevad), _ kindRSi, sinopSi, fSafSi, _ Cvens mSobliur da amJamad miuwvdomel laJvardovan sanapiroze. axal aTonSi ki, ratomRac, mxolod gavliT da isic orjer-samjer var namyofi _ monastrisa da iveriis mTis qveS mdebare karstuli mRvimeebis sanaxavad. maSin warmodgenilic ki ar mqonda, ra ganZs inaxavda axali aTonis (antikuri anakofiis) koSkebiani citadeli da IX saukuniT daTariRebuli simon kananelis gumbaTiani eklesia an VIII-IX saukuneTa erTafsidiani bazilika (rom aRaraferi vTqvaT arqeologTa monapovarze). pirvelad, axal aTons gagris sanatorium `Tbilisis~ avtobusiT vewvieT. bedis ironiiT, eqskursantTa Soris mxolod me, mamaCemi da avtobusis mZRoli viyaviT qarTvelebi; gidi, somexi qalbatoni, usaSvelod amtvrevda rusuls, zogjer qarTulsac iSveliebda, Tumc rusi damsveneblebi moTminebiT usmendnen. aseTi `disbalansi~ didad ar meCoTireboda, saqarTvelo xom `Всесоюзная здравница~ iyo... saocaria axali aTonis monastris bedi: is daarsda rogorc saberZneTis aTonis rusuli monastris filiali; 1876 wels TiTqmis dasrulebuli monasteri, ruseT-osmaleTis (1877-78) omis dros daiwva, aRadgines omis Semdgom. 1977 wels gamocemuli `qarTuli sabWoTa enciklopedia~: `sabWoTa xelisuflebis pirvel wlebSi axali aTonis monasteri kontrrevoluciis (??) erT-erTi bude iyo. mogvianebiT monasteri gauqmda~. gauqmebul monasterSi ki mogvianebiT dasasvenebeli saxli ganaTavses! amave, 1977 wels moskovSi gamocemuli mdidruli bukleti `Новый Афон~ _ naTelyofaa imisa, Tu rogor iSleboda `qarTuli kvali~ saqarTvelos am warmtac kuTxeSi: àxali

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aToni~ _ afxazeTis zRvispira momcro qalaqia, mis teritoriaze Tavmoyrilia uZvelesi istoriis originaluri Zeglebi... axali welTaRricxvidan is umetesad cnobilia anakofiis saxeliT. droTa ganmavlobaSi anakofia iqca àfxazeTis mTavar cixe-simagred~ da misi mmarTvelebis rezidenciad. maSin, roca arabebma alyaSi moaqcies anakofia, iveriis mTa SemozRuduli iyo damcavi nagebobis ramdenime sartyeliT. arabebi, romlebic afxazeTs VIII saukuneSi Semoesivnen, amaod cdilobdnen anakofiis dapyrobas. ... Turqebis oraswlovani batonobis Semdeg anakofia sruliad gaveranda. XIX saukunis damlevs berebma moiwones es adgili da monasteric daaarses~. amave bukletSi axali aTonis mRvimis aRmomCenad dasaxelebulia adgilobrivi moyvaruli-speleologi givi smiri da gakvriT moixsenieba Tbilisis geografiis institutis speleologiuri eqspedicia, romelic miiwvies mRvimeTa gamosakvlevad (xelmZRvaneli zurab tintilozovi). arada, mRvime aRmoaCina da Seiswavla saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis vaxuStis sax. geografiis institutma, `saqqalaqmSensaxproeqtis~ da `TbilgvirabmSenis~ ZalisxmeviT ki keTilmowyobil iqna. amas gvamcnobs swored z. tintilozovi (qse, t. II, 1977, gv. 84). aRsaniSnavia, rom moskovuri bukletis avtorebs afxazeTi ruseTis ganuyofel nawilad miaCniaT, 1902 wels fsircxis CanCqerTan aSenebuli hidroeleqtrosadguri moxseniebulia rogorc erT-erTi pirveli hesi ruseTSi (rogorc vxedavT, aq ignorirebulia ara mxolod saqarTvelo, aramed afxazeTic). isic vTqvaT, rom axali aTonis yofili dasaxeleba _ toponimi fsircxa, _ rusebma daiwunes da àxali aToni~ monastris saxelwodebas miusadages. *** swored aseT axal aTonSi, 1956 wels daiwera guram rCeuliSvilis ùkanaskneli abenseraJi~ (saxelwodeba, albaT pirobiTia, Tumc SesaZloa, ironiul-parodiulic iyos), romlis xeluxlebeli, Seuryvneli avtografis gacnobasa da SemoqmedebiTi istoriis uwvrilmanesi peripetiebis gadmoce-

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mas marine rCeuliSvils unda vumadlodeT (ix. mis mier Sedgenili guram rCeuliSvilis saarqivo eqvstomeuli); arada, moTxroba dRevandelobis mtkivneul sakiTxebsac exmaureba (pirvelad daistamba guram rCeuliSvilis 1985 wlis krebulSi `frTxili~ CasworebebiT). araerTxel miTqvams mec da sxvasac: 80-iani wlebis meore naxevridan, sajaroobis deklarirebis Semdeg, rusuli Jurnal-gazeTebi ver audiodnen cnobil avtorTa e.w. `Taroze Semodebuli~ anu cenzuris mier uaryofili Txzulebebis beWdvas. CvenSi amgvari ram TiTqmis ar momxdara. rogorc Cans, maSin `periferias~ naklebi yuradReba eqceoda, radgan CvenSi gamoqveynda mravali iseTi nawarmoebi, rusi mwerlebi ùjraSi~ rom inaxavdnen. dRes zogi kritikosi amas qarTveli mwerlebis `naklad~ (angaJirebulobad, konformistobad) miiCnevs, rasac kategoriulad ver daveTanxmebi. paradoqsia, rom damonebul saqarTveloSi bevri mwerali ise laRad da Tavisuflad werda, TiTqos `socrealizmis~ dogmati da totalitaruli cenzura saerTod ar arsebuliyo. maT Soris iyo guram rCeuliSvilic. axalgazrda mweralma, romelmac mxolod oTxi weli da ramdenime Tve nayofierad iRvawa saliteraturo sarbielze da 26 wlis asakSi tragikuli bedisweris msxverpli gaxda, Tavdapirvelad, Tavisi moTxrobebis gamoqveynebis imedi Tavadve `gadaiwura~. es marTlac iyo mosalodneli: misi gmirebis maqsimalizms, sificxesa da qeduxrelobas, vnebis simZafresa da pirvelaRmomCenis, siaxlis mwyurvalis dauokebel Jins harmoniulad erwymoda didi adamianuri silbo da qristianuli Semwynarebloba; mis arcerT Txzulebas ar etyoboda sabWouri koniunqturis raime niSati. amas Tan daerTo guramis meamboxe, Tavawyvetili, saocrad uSiSari buneba, sisxlsavse, saintereso, Tundac avantiuruli miswrafebani, ramac imTaviTve legendaruli saxeli (da ara _ axla rom ityvian: `skandaluri imiji~) mouxveWa mas. *** empiriuli da gamonagoni... SemoqmedTa didi umravlesoba dabejiTebiT amtkicebs, rom mwerlebi arasdros arafers igoneben, Txzaven, _ isini ukve arsebuls, momxdars, cno-

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bils _ suls STaberven da gardasaxaven. Zalze saintereso iqneboda guramis mTeli Semoqmedebis gamowvlilviTi Seswavla am rakursiT; amjerad ki ùkanaskneli abenseraJiT~ davkmayofildeT. marine rCeuliSvili: `1956 wlis agvistoSi mTeli ojaxi visvenebdiT axal aTonSi... guramma sTxova mSoblebs, calke minda dasaxleba, marto minda viyo, samuSao maqvso... Cemi Zma dasaxlda zRvasTan axlos, yvavilebSi Caflul, TeTr-cisfrad SeRebil xis saxlSi, es saxli idga patara beqobze, axali aTonis ukidures Soreul wertilSi... ivlis-agvistoTi daTariRebuli yvela moTxroba am oTaxSia dawerili~... àTonelma gandegilma~, romelsac kalami sul axlaxans, Tebervlis TveSi moesinja, marTlac nayofierad imuSava, miuxedavad megobrebis xSiri Tavdasxmebisa; es ki sruliad logikurad, smiT gvirgvindeboda xolme: dRiurebidan da piradi werilebidan Cans, rom gurami xan vaSa-uraTi esalmeba qeifis perspeqtivas, xanac, `weras atanili~, brazobs da Civis, rom moacdines. *** `gandegili~, ra Tqma unda, sruliad Seuferebeli epiTetia guram rCeuliSvilisaTvis; magram am sityvam CemSi erTi asociacia wamoativtiva, romelic mglis bileTiT samxatvro saswavleblidan garicxul, dRes saqveynod cnobil rus disident mxatvars mixail Semiakins da misi siymawvilis erT epizods maxsenebs. `memarcxeneobisaTvis~ kgb-Si dabarebul 16 wlis ymawvils garicxva ar akmares, _ roca sasuliero saswavlebelSi daapira Sesvla, esec aukrZales da, rogorc maSin iyo `miRebuli~, sami wliT fsiqiatriul saavadmyofoSi ukres Tavi. vin icis, ra Zalisxmeva dasWirda dedamiss naxevari wlis Semdeg vaJis `fsixuSkidan~ dasaxsnelad. swored maSin, fizikurad da sulierad daZabunebulma Semiakinma, Tavis gadasarCenad saxlidan gaqceva amjobina da, daaxloebiT 1960 wels, saqarTveloSi, axal aTonSi, iveriis mRvimeSi marTlac gandegiliviT cxovrobda TiTqmis erTi weli. sxva àralegalur~ berebTan erTad, RmerTsa da dedabunebas mindobili, ganwmendila kidec sabWouri fsiqiatriis `miRwevebisagan~. Semiakinis vrceli monologidan (ix. J.

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`Story~, февраль, 2012), romelic bolomde yuradRebiT CavikiTxe, ver gavarkvie, _ ratom maincdamainc saqarTveloSi, iveriis mTis siaxloves, axal aTonSi moindoma man gandegiloba! mama, samxedro saldafoni, sastiki moZalade, romelic 1957 wlamde okupirebul germaniaSi msaxurobda, Turme, aiZulebda Svils `qarTvel jigitebTan~ anu qarTveli jariskacebisagan Seqmnil ansamblTan erTad ecekva `ceruli~, rac bavSvisaTvis erTob rTuli da mtkivneuli aRmoCnda. mama TviTonac Zalian kargad cekvavdao, _ dasZenda Semiakini. es iyo da es. saqme is gaxlavT, rom Semiakinis mama, warmoSobiT Cerqezi (yabardoeli) faizula kardanovi maminacvlis gvarsa da mis mierve Serqmeul saxels _ petres sicocxlis bolomde ver Seelia, Tumca amayobda Tavisi kavkasiuri warmoSobiT. amitomac aris 1971 wels ssrk-dan gaZevebuli (mxolod 1989 wels misces samSobloSi dabrunebis ufleba) rusi-amerikeli, amJamad safrangeTSi mcxovrebi mixail Semiakini adiRes respublikisa da yabardo-balyareTis saxalxo mxatvari; Tumca samSoblod peterburgs miiCnevs; iqve, 1995 wels daidga misi qandakeba-memoriali `politikuri represiis msxverplebs~. es cnobebi internetSi moiZia 16 wlis ninuka CikvilaZem, ris gamoc, wesisamebr, uRrmes madlobas movaxseneb. manve amoikiTxa, rom 2011 wlis 1 ivliss soWSi unda gamarTuliyo Semiakinis gamofena `naxatebi Zenis stilSi~, romelic Semdgom afxazeTSi gadainacvlebda! samwuxarod, veRar gavarkvieT, Sedga Tu ara `msoflio moqalaqis~ gamofena okupirebul afxazeTSi. me ki gamiCnda samarTliani kiTxva _ warmoSobiT Cerqezi moqandake da mxatvari mixail Semiakini CerqezTa genocidisadmi miZRvnili memorialis saerTaSoriso konkursiT Tu dainteresda? sityva gamigrZelda, magram ucnaur damTxvevad momeCvena ori meamboxis _ qarTveli da Cerqez-rus-amerikelis gandegiloba axal aTonSi 1956-1960 ww. (droSi acdenili sul raRac oTxiode wliT!). *** guram rCeuliSvilis `boldinos Semodgoma~ axal aTonSi xvavrieli aRmoCnda; zogjer dReSi sam-oTx moTxrobasac ki

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werda. 1957 wlis `ciskris~ pirvel nomerSi misi efeqturi da umniSvnelovanesi debiuti Sedga: mravalWirgamovlili da mravalgzis gacxriluli, aRdgenili `ciskari~ mxolod ivnisSi gamovida, masSi daibeWda guramis xuTi moTxroba: `saTaguri~, `siyvaruli martis TveSi~, `neli tango~, `Semodgoma babua kotesi~, `TvirTvila~; agvistoSi _ ùsaxelo ufliscixeli~, 1958 wlis TebervalSi _ `sikvdili mTebSi~; 1960 wlis agvisto-noemberSi _ ìrina da me~ da àlaverdoba~ (Jurnalis dagvianebiT gamosvlis gamo, 1960 wlis agvistos publikacias gurami veRar moeswro). ùkanaskneli abenseraJis~ mxolod Savi avtografi arsebobs, rac migvaniSnebs, rom spontanurad, erTi amosunTqviT dawerili moTxrobis gadaTeTreba da gamoqveyneba gurams aRar ucdia. m. rCeuliSvils samarTlianad aqvs SeniSnuli, rom saTauri frangi mwerlis fransua rene Satobrianis (1768-1848) ùkanaskneli abenseraJis Tavgadasavlis~ reminiscencia unda iyos (daTariRebulia 1956 wlis 24 agvistoTi); magram ratom maincdamainc ùkanaskneli abenseraJi?~ guram rCeuliSvils uTuod wakiTxuli hqonda Satobrianis `sami moTxroba~ (1947 w., geronti qiqoZis winasityvaoba, irodion qavJaraZis Targmani). swored am wignakiT gaecno qarTveli mkiTxveli ùkanasknel abenseraJs~ _ didgvarovan mavr rainds aben hamets – momxiblav romantikul gmirs. gurami, Tavadac Tavgadasavlebisa da faTerakis maZiebeli, uwinares yovlisa, napoleonis karze miRebuli (erTxans sagareo saqmeTa ministric iyo) bretaneli aznauris Satobrianis cxovrebiT moixibleboda: sad ar yofila mogzaurobis vnebiT Sepyrobili mwerali _ inglisSi, amerikaSi, espaneTSi, italiaSi, SveicariaSi, saberZneTSi, ierusalimSi, karTagenSi... misi aRmosavluri STabeWdilebebis Sedegia zemoxsenebuli moTxrobac, romelic dRevandel, klasikasTan mwyralad myof mkiTxvels SeiZleba zedmetad melodramatuladac moeCvenos, mxolod erTi fraziT Tu dainteresdeba: mavri raindi granadaSi xetialisas gadaawydeba dilis locvaze mimaval mSvenier ucnob qalwuls, 18 wlis dona blankas, romelsac, àRmosavluri stiliT~, ase mimarTavs: `yvavilTa dedofalo, adamianTa Tvalis netarebav, hoi, qristes mxevalo, saqarTvelos qalwulebze ufro mSveniero~...

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*** mokle istoriuli eqskursi: VIII saukunidan pirineis naxevarkunZulis did nawils arabebi da berberebi daepatronen; mxolod XV saukunis bolos gaTavisulda mahmadianTa ukanaskneli dasayrdeni _ granada. isic vTqvaT, rom espanelebma gandevnes ebraelebi da mavrebi, romelTac uari sTqves qristianobis miRebaze. Satobrianis moTxrobis mixedviT, swored am dros unda gadaxvewiliyo abenseraJTa warCinebuli gvari afrikaSi, tunisSi. alhambris sasaxlis nacvlad maT qoxebSi mouwia cxovreba, meomarma raindebma mdabioTa xelobas _ eqimobas da xelosnobas mihyves xeli; erT dros gandidebuli abenseraJebi ver Seeguen cxovrebis niris radikalur Secvlas, ojaxic amowyda: 22 wlis aben hameti, _ guladi, mSvenieri, sulgrZeli raindi, gvaris ukanasknel imedad darCa. devnilobaSi dabadebuli aben hamets granadisaken miuwevs guli: igi arab mkurnalad gaasaRebs Tavs da sieranevadis mTagrexilTan miwier samoTxes ixilavs _ granadas da alhambris sasaxles, saidanac abenseraJis winaprebi gamoaZeves. raindi ver iokebs SurisZiebis wyurvils: `gulzviad espanelebs im WerqveS sZinavT, saidanac Cemi winaprebi gandevnes, me ki, abenseraJi, ucnobi, mitovebuli, martoka vfxizlob Cem winaparTa sasaxlis karTan~. siyvaruli dona blankasadmi, romelic espaneTis ganmaTavisuflebeli gmiris sidis STamomavali da gvaris ukanaskneli naSieria, tragikulad sruldeba: `mavri raindis aben hametis gulSi siyvarulis grZnoba mZafrad dapirispirebuli aRmoCdeba jer religiur grZnobasTan, Semdeg Rirsebis SegnebasTan. pirvel SemTxvevaSi siyvarulis vneba imarjvebs, meoreSi _ Rirsebis Segneba: roca aben hameti gaigebs, rom misi winapari misi mijnuris erT-erT winapars mouklavs, is uars ambobs pirad bednierebaze~ (geronti qiqoZe). *** `gavdivar gareT, rom Cemi moTxrobebis gmirTa cxovrebiT vicxovro~ _ CauniSnavs gurams dRiurSi. igi zedmiwevniT ìmsgavsebs~ Tavisi moTxrobis gmirs aCbas da ironiul paralels avlebs aCbasa da aben hamets Sorisac.

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ambavi martivia: afxazTa brwyinvale gvaris Camomavali, 31 wlis aCba _ afxazeTis mTebSi mcxovrebi mwyemsi _ zRvispireTisken moeSureba rusis gogoebTan drostarebis tkbil molodinSi; arc gauWirdeba erTi maTganis (yofili monastris damsveneblis) `Sebma~, damtvreuli rusuliT paemansac dauTqvams Ramis 10 saaTisaTvis, Tumc bedi umuxTlebs: qalis ginebisaTvis erT qeraTmian russ Zlieri dartymiT gaagorebs, magram mowinaaRmdegeTa simravle sZlevs da sastikad nacemi da Sercxvenili rCeba. guramis werilidan nugzar wereTlisadmi (1956, axali aToni, 23 agvisto): èrTi kviris win viqeifeT da afxazebma magrad gvnayes. tyuilad. me Zalian mTvrali viyavi; dana momiqnies, magram xeliT avicile. mere fexi TxrilSi Camivarda. zed Semdgnen da ise mbegves. erTi oci kaci mainc iyo~ (òci kaci~, _ ra Tqma unda miunhauzeniseburi hiperbolaa). werilidan jurxa nadiraZisadmi (1956, axali aToni, agvisto): àTonis monastris gadakidebul sasauzmeSi visxediT, sma wavida Rirseuli, dro gadioda. kargad davTveri... am dros momesma. guram, aqeT, gvcemen! gavvardi. ras dainaxav _ afxazebi, rogorc mere gamoirkva tyuil-ubralod an SecdomiT daxvevian biWebs da ubaTquneben. sanam SemeZlo mogerieba, vigerie, magram naTlimamam miRalata da ormoSi Camivarda fexi. blomad iyvnen, waqceuls Semdgnen wixlebiT. erTi wixli ki momxvda ybaSi. me swrafad gavakeTe mkvdari dacva da daviZine: rogorc etyoba, kai xans mirtyes, adgomis arc Tavis mqonda arc survili... dRes diliT gaviRviZe, vixedebi sarkeSi, ras naxav _ yba gasiebulia...~ daTuna RoRoberiZes (1956, axali aToni, agvisto): `rac aq var, sul samjer mcemes mTvrali. rom mcemes aRar maxsovs, mxolod meore dRes vatyobdi `siniakebze~. ... murtali xalxia, kbilebamde SeiaraRebuli reaqtiuli TviTmfrinavebiT, tankebiT, atomuri iaraRiT, qvebiTa da blagvi, Jangiani jayvebiT (afxazebi ganviTarebis dabal safexurze dganan), aqvT xelketebic da sxva pirvelyofili iaraRi _ qamris balTebis msgavsi~... avtoris TviTironia, hiperbola da iumori cxadyofs, rom gabedul, fizikurad Zlier, kriviT gatacebul gurams Cxubi biWuri kodeqsis ucilobel atributad miaCnia da arc

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is anaRvlebs didad, _ vin gaimarjva; Tumca, xandaxan mainc wuwunebs: `me, rogorc gwerdi, var cudad (nacemi da uqeravebeli~) (iseve, rogorc misi personaJi). rogorc Cans, gurami ise iyo gamwarebuli am ambiT, rom dRiurSic ki CauniSnavs: èSmakma waiRos zRvac, talRebic, navic, Cemi fanjarac, mec. vzivar da gulze vskdebi. dRevandeli dRe dakargulia. marcxena yba afxazis wixlisagan maqvs gasiebuli. veRar gaval qalaqSi. arada gogonas wasvlamde eqvsi dReRaa, rodis ra unda movaswro. araferi gamova, magis dedac vatire~... aseve uamurad damTavrda aCbas `sakurorto romanic~. àCba gareT gamovida. misi qali xis qveS idga da xmamaRla elaparakeboda viRaca kacs. am ukanasknelma xmas auwia da rusulad Seagina, mere sacemrad miiwia. aCba adgils moswyda, dartymiT gaagora qeraTmiani rusi, magram uknidan yurisZirSi sila moxvda da dabancalda, swrafad mobrunda, axla gverdidan daartyes. TavgamodebiT Cxubobda afxazeTis Tavadebis Camomavali, Tan Tavis yamasa natrobda. ukve veRar arCevda Tavze wamoxveul mowinaaRmdegeebs. mere daiRala. gadawyvita, ukan daexia, aq TxrilSi Cauvarda fexi da waiqca. _ Бей его, _ daiRriala viRaca mTvralma da yvelaferi airia. aCba grZnobda, rom xvdeboda wixlebi, magram ar stkioda. saxeze xelebi aifara. _ Наверно, умер, _ gaimeora imave xmam. beqobi wamSi daicala. afxazi aCba ki egdo da bundovnad grZnobda, rom rcxvenoda, mere nerviulad gaaqnia xelebi, wamodga. bancaliT daeSva xeobisaken~... sagangebo miTiTeba aCbas wlovanebaze (31 weli) ar unda iyos SemTxveviTi. gurami asaxavs mis Tanamedrove, kerZod, 1956 wlis ambavs: aCba unda dabadebuliyo 1925 wels, roca saqarTveloSi wiTelma terorma apogeas miaRwia (gansakuTrebiT, 1924 wlis SeTqmulebis Semdeg), roca Tavadaznaurobas musri gaavles. savaraudoa, rom mwyemsi aCba, romelmac òcdaTerTmeti weli Tavisi cxovrebisa afxazeTis mTebSi gaatara~, CvilobaSive gaxiznes miuval adgilas, raTa sicocxle SeenarCunebinaT misTvis.

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*** guram rCeuliSvilis ùkanaskneli abenseraJi~, Cemi azriT, `Zvelmoduri~ romantizmis ironiul-parodiuli dasamarebaa. umTavresi, rac aben hametsa da aCbas erTmaneTTan amsgavsebs, _ erT dros didebuli gvaris naSieroba da samSobloSi gaucxoebis grZnobaa. devnilobaSi dabadebuli, magram suliT xorcamde aristokrati aben hameti SurisZiebiT aris Sepyrobili, maSin roca anCabaZeTa brwyinvale gvaris STamomavali sruliad moklebulia Tavadur mzvaobriobas; misi protestic dampyroblebisadmi ufro instinqturia, gaucnobierebeli. mtruli, uxeSi Zala Trgunavs aCbas fizikurad da sulieradac. misTvis ucxoa Rirsebis grZnoba, siamaye, Zlieri vnebebi, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mas mxolod gambedaoba da esTetikuri xedva SemorCa _ ulamazesi bunebiT tkbobisa da zRvisken ltolvis atavisturi unari. guram rCeuliSvilis ùkanasknel abenseraJSi~ rainduli trfoba Canacvlebulia iolad misawvdomi qalis daTreviT (Tumc amaSic ki ar umarTlebs)... avtori TanaugrZnobs aCbas, romelsac ucxo Teslma gvariSviloba daaviwya da ubiri mwyemsis xvedri arguna, TanaugrZnobs mis simamaces, amtanobas, gulistkiviliT migvaniSnebs mis morCil, pasiur bunebas. rasakvirvelia, wvrilmania, magram 22 wlis avtoris asociaciaTa gaSifrva sainteresoc aris da SesaZlebelic: gvari aCba guramisaTvis ar iyo ucxo; igi kargad icnobda erTob koloritul Tbilisel axalgazrdas, moxdenil, dardimand, aristokratiuli garegnobis astamur aCbas. am ukanasknels, ra Tqma unda, moTxrobis daTrgunuli personaJis prototipad ver miviCnevT. biWebis im CxubSi, romelic moTxrobis uneblie stimuli gaxda, sxvaTa Soris, monawileobda guramis megobari mavri zaldastaniSvilic. SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom swored Zmakacis uCveulo saxelma gaaxsena gurams mavri abenseraJi da moTxrobis pirvel da ukanasknel variants Satobrianis cnobili Txzulebis saTauri `moargo~. aCba ar aris avtoris àlter ego~, magram monatrebul, mSobliur garemos _ amqveyniur samoTxes _ guramis `TvaliT~ aRiqvams: àfxazi aCba ki ijda da zRvas uyurebda. mis qveviT uzarmazari yure iyo. aq wyals baci feri hqonda. aqe-

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dan zRva nela iSleboda da gamuqebuli ikargeboda caSi. horizontze Camavali mzis sxivebi gawoliliyvnen. Tavad mze daRlilobisagan ZlivsRa imagrebda Tavs. ijda aCba garindebuli da Tavisi TvaliT uyurebda mzis Tavis daxrCobas. napirze ukve muqi ferebi Camowva. maradmwvane xeebi iZinebdnen, mxolod maT kenweroebsRa xedavda mze. yuridan alvis xeebisa da evkaliptebis xeivani modioda mTisken. aq igi gvirabebs Sua moqceul tbas erTvoda. Semdeg uceb iwyeboda mTa, romelic sul maRla da maRla grZeldeba, vidre svaneTis kavkasionamde~... avtoris dRiurebsa da pirad werilebSic gvxvdeba aseTive idiliuri, santimentaluri pasaJebi; agreTve mkveTrad uaryofiTi damokidebuleba qarTuli peizaJis Semryvneli uxeSi da ucxo Zalis, kerZod, sruliad Seusabamo, usaxuri nagebobebis mimarT: `me ki vijeqi mTeli saaTnaxevari, marTla vtkbebodi Cems win gadagragnili zRvis feriTa da xeobis simSvenieriT. ... axla xeobas zeviT avayole Tvali. cota gamifuWda guneba: xuTi-eqvsi uniWo saxli marTla uadgilo adgilas idga~ (jurxa nadiraZisadmi). `vijeqi me-3 san., yof. aTonis monasterSi da gavcqerodi yures. _ ai, WeSmariti silamaze. vijeqi mTeli sami saaTi uxmod. ... mainc ra lamazia Cveni planeta, zRvis yure, wiwvis da naZvis xeebi, alvebi... Cems qvemoT ugemovnebod naSeni saxlebi afuWeben xeds. vcdilobdi yuradReba ar mimeqcia~ (dRiuridan). samagierod, avtori aramcTu `yuradRebas miaqcevinebs~ aCbas am usaxuri nagebobebisadmi, aramed moTxrobaSi saTqmels ufro akonkretebs da amZafrebs: `mopirdapire beqobze wiwvnarSi gemovnebiT naSeni saxli idga. afxazma Suris TvaliT Sexeda, mere mzera isev xeobaSi gadmoitana. raRaca ar esiamovna, TiTqos axla dainaxa orsarTuliani, TeTrad SeTxipnili rusuli saxlebi. xasiaTi Tavisdauneburad wauxda. bunebam dakarga Tavisi simSvenieris nawili. `neta es saxlebi saidan aris, an vin aaSena~, gaifiqra gunebaSi. mzera isev zRvaze gadaitana. xasiaTi ufuWdeboda, magram mizezs TviTon kargad ver mixvda. raRaca ucxo dainaxa zRvaSic, mere isev is saxlebi gaaxsenda~. mogvianebiT, duqanSi myofi aCba, ukve SemTvrali, kvlav xeobas gahyurebs: `xeobaSi gadaixeda. TeTri saxlebi naTel RameSi kargada Candnen. man Tavi gaaqnia,

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TiTqos saxlebis gamosaxulebebs erekebao. axla igi Tavis afxazeTze fiqrobda. mis primitiul gonebaSi aTasi fiqri iyo~... TiTqos uwyinari frazebi, romlebSic `TeTrad SeTxipnil rusul saxlebze~, mSobliur afxazeTze da gaucxoebazea saubari, 1985 wlis gamocemaSi (cenzuris mier Tu cenzuris SiSiT) amoRebulia, viTarca àntirusuli~. Sesabamisad, ikargeba moTxrobis laitmotivi, umTavresi saTqmeli, _ afxazi aCbas gaucnobierebeli da qarTveli avtoris gacnobierebuli protesti saerTo mtris, ucxo Zalis mimarT, romelic aneqsirebul saqarTveloSi sakuTar esTetikas (`TeTrad SeTxipnili rusuli saxlebi~) da ideologias (dasasvenebel saxlad gadakeTebuli axali aTonis monasteri, lamis saroskipod qceuli) nergavs. *** guram rCeuliSvilis, rogorc avtoris miukerZoeblobas, obieqturobasa da keTilSobilebas adasturebs is faqti, rom afxazebisagan magrad nabegvi biWi myisierad iviwyebs wyenas: `samagieros~ ki ar uxdis maT, piriqiT, empiriulis, sakuTari gancdilis amgvari metamorfoziT, warmogviCens saerTo mters, romelic Tanabrad Trgunavs da aviwrovebs qarTvelebsac da afxazebsac. 1956 wlisagan TiTqmis naxevari saukune gvaSorebs, magram guramis moTxroba dRes ise aqtualuria, rogorc arasdros; ocdameerTe saukunis dasawyisSi okupirebuli afxazeTis teritoriaze arnaxuli vandalizmis mowmeni gavxdiT: srulad saqarTvelos udidesi siwmindeebi _ iloris, moqvis, bediis monastrebi kvlav safrTxeSia! qarTuli gumbaTebis rusuliT Secvla, Zveli qarTuli warwerebis xelyofa, freskebis `TeTrad SeTxipna~ (rac pirvelad TiTqmis ori saukunis win ganxorcielda) _ `restavraciis~ momizezebiT, qarTuli kulturis amoZirkvis mcdeloba da erTmorwmune, rusuli marTlmadidebluri eklesiis diskreditaciac aris. neoimperialisturi ruseTi ise `madlianad~ exmareba `damoukidebel~ afxazeTs, rom qarTvelTagan èTnikurad gawmendili~ saqarTvelos es kurTxeuli mxare, sul male, SesaZloa, emigraciis gamo isedac SeTxelebuli afxazi mosaxleobisa-

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gan sruliad daicalos. Zneli dasajerebelia, rom afxazebs ar hqondeT gacnobierebuli es gardauvali safrTxe. sasurvelia, rom guram rCeuliSvilis es naklebad cnobili, magram TiTqos providencialuri mcire moTxroba misawvdomi gaxdes afxazi mkiTxvelisTvisac. finali aseTia: rusebisagan umowyalod nacemi da damcirebuli aCba Zlivs mova gonze; naTesavTan daapirebs misvlas, magram gaaxsendeba, rom isic `TeTrad SeTxipnil~ ucxo saxlSi cxovrobs. gamwarebuli da gunebaamRvreuli erTaderT mSobliur stiqias _ zRvas miaSurebs, sadac Ria cis qveS mouwevs Ramis gaTeva.

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maia jaliaSvili

sicocxlis misteria `...savse tkiviliT, xmauriTa da mware monaniebiT Cveni uRmerTod Cavlili, WeSmarit mcnebebs mokveTili cxovrebis gamo~. kote jandieri `ra gveCqareba, RmerTi xom arsad gagveqceva~. jemal qarCxaZe `ganzomileba~

cnobilia, Semoqmedeba Tavisuflebis wyurvilia. Tavisufleba ki TviTgamoxatvas gulisxmobs. mwerali sityvas irCevs da RvTis msgavsad qmnis mxatvrul samyaros. yvelaze mTavari ambavi ukve moyolilia, `biblias~ vgulisxmobT. es pirveli `komentaria~ adamianuri cxovrebisa, sicocxlis arsisa. mere yvelani imeoreben, Taviseburad imeoreben, cnobierad Tu aracnobierad: `Taoba midis, Taoba modis, es qveyana ki ucvlelia ukunisamde... rac yofila, igive iqneba da rac momxdara, igive moxdeba; araferia mzis qveS axali~ (eklesiaste). kote jandierma es icis, amitomac wers: `cxovreba Tavdapirveli da unikaluri teqstia, romelic mudmivad iwereba, xolo literatura ki _ am teqstis Targmani da komentari~ (http://arili2.blogspot.com/ 2010/09/blog-post_847.html.). `pirveliTgan iyo sityva~ _ ase iwyebs ioane maxarebeli RvTis ambis moyolas saxarebaSi da bolos adamianis gonebis uZlurebis aRiarebiT amTavrebs. adamians ar SeuZlia itvirTos RvTis àmbavTa~ mTeli sisavse, amitomac yvelafers ar gviyveba RvTis sayvareli mowafe: `bevri sxva ramec moimoqmeda iesom, magram yvelaferi saTiTaod rom daweriliyo, vgoneb, qveyanac ver daitevda daweril wignebs~ (ioane, 25, 21). Tumca `mosayoli~ ar asvenebs da wers RvTis gamocxadebis ambavs, rogorc bibliis yvelaze saidumlo wigns.

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RmerTma ìdumalis Secnobad aRZra goneba kacTa, oRond ise, rom ver gaugon RvTis namoqmedars Tavi da bolo~ (eklesiaste). amgvari uZlureba tanjavT SemoqmedT: `magram ver grZnoben glax mokvdavni gangebas ciurs~ _ es ase lamazad Tqva baraTaSvilma. fiqrebi ki ra `laJvards ixilven~, mainc zecisken miiswrafvian da meordeba dausruleblad sicocxlis misteria. kote jandieric Tavis SemoqmedebaSi am adamianuri fiqrebis ambavs gviyveba, sicocxlis Tavgadasavalze mogviTxrobs. es, upirvelesad, misi Tavgadasavalia. magram es `me~ xom dro-sivrceSi SezRuduli ar aris? am `meSi~ daleqilia TaobaTa gamocdileba. mexsierebis siRrmeSi uamravia palimfsestia Camarxuli. kargi mwerali axerxebs maT aRmoCenasa da wakiTxvas. amgvarad, mwerali kerZo adamians xatavs, rogorc, imavdroulad, zogadsakaciobro personaJs, siyvaruliTa da siZulviliT, madliTa da codviT savses, xorcielsa da sulier miswrafebebs Soris gaxleCilsa da datanjuls. rac ufro niWieria mwerali, miT met niRabs qmnis, miT metad warmoaCens adamianuri cxovrebis mravalferovnebas. vfiqrob, arasodes gacvdeba vaJa-fSavelas Sefasebis kriteriumi niWieri mwerlisa: `vin aris niWieri mwerali? visac didad uyvars adamiani, didad mowadinebulia gaabednieros igi, visac didad uyvars cxovreba da eniazeba misi gaukeTeseba. amisTvis saWiroa didi grZnoba, didi codna adamianis sulisa da misi cxovrebisa~. kote jandieris moTxrobebis kiTxvisas grZnob, rogor uyvars mas adamiani. qarTul literaturas aTasnairi mTxrobeli hyavs. es Cveni mwerlobis simdidrea. Znelia gamorCeuloba, individualuri stilis migneba, magram SeuZlebeli ar aris. sityvis SesaZleblobebi amouwuravia, amitomac drodadro gamoCndebian xolme kargi, individualuri stilis mTxrobelebi. aseTia kote jandieri, romelic xelxvavrielobiT ar gamoirCeva, magram rasac wers, Rirebulad migvaCnia. `vwer mxolod maSin, rodesac me es maniWebs siamovnebas~, _ aRniSnavs erT interviuSi. es niSnavs imas, rom igi kargad grZnobs, `vnebis simZafre SenebaSia~ (guram rCeuliSvili).

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cnobilia, rom mweralTagan zogi cxovrebis bnel xveulebSi ixedeba, zogi naTels ufro xedavs. mixeil javaxiSvili werilSi `mopasani da misi cxovreba~ werda: `Zalian xSirad mopasani ise arxeinad, iseTis RimiliTa da gandgomiT gvisuraTebs gulis asamRvrevsa da pirutyvul ambavs, rom gulubryvilo mkiTxvels hgonia, avtors moswons es ambavi, exaliseba misi Cveneba da udrooTa da uadgilod oxunjobso, namdvilad ki gulgrili ironiis qurqSi oxvra da sevda aqvs gaxveuli~. javaxiSvilma TviTon aRwera aseTi pirutyvuli da gulis asamRvrevi ambavi `jayos xiznebSi~, raTa mkiTxveli SeZrwunebuliyo `jvarcmuli margos~, damcirebuli da Seuracxyofili saqarTvelos, bediT. kote jandieris proza ufro sinaTliT aris savse, vidre sibneliT. igi TanaugrZnobs yofis simZimiT daTrgunul adamians, sjera literaturis, zogadad, xelovnebis gamakeTilSobilebeli Zalisa. misTvis mTavaria, literaturam mkiTxvelSi kaTarzisi gamoiwvios. èsTetikuri da eTikuri ganurCevloba, Cemi azriT, qarTuli kulturis Rrma krizisze metyvelebs~, _ ambobs igi (zemoT naxsenebi interviudan). amitomac aris, rom Tavisi SemoqmedebiT cdilobs igi am `ganurCevlobis~ daZlevas. àntikur TeatrSi misulma mayurebelma zedmiwevniT kargad icoda, Tu ra moxda da ratom moxda oidiposis an agamemnonis ojaxSi, magram xalxi TeatrSi imisTvis midioda, rom enaxa da moesmina, rogor yveba am istorias sofokle, saidan iwyebs da sad amTavrebs Txrobas esqile, rogor gadmoscemen maT mier daweril sityvebs niRbiani msaxiobebi da a.S. isini midiodnen TeatrSi TavdaviwyebisaTvis, raTa ramdenime saaTis ganmavlobaSi gaTavisuflebuliyvnen sakuTari sazrunavisa da tkivilisagan, ecxovraT sxva adamianis tkivilebiTa da vnebebiT, raTa tirilamde misulebs kaTarzisi ganecadaT. maTi cremlebi uerTdeboda maradisobas, rogorc kapitan aqabis cremlebi okeanes da `mTel okeaneSi ar iyo wveTi ufro sufTa, vidre es cremli~ (interviudan). kote jandieric, rogorc mwerali, axerxebs mkiTxveli sxvisi tkiviliTa da sixaruliT acxovros. TviTon warmatebiT irgebs sxvadasxva niRabs, raTa yofis mravalferovneba warmoaCinos. aq mTavari da mniSvnelovani swored esaa _

19

cxovreba, romelic man naxa da ganicada. naxvisa da gancdis uamravi gza arsebobs _ realuri, wakiTxuli Tu warmosaxuli. mravalgvari gamocdileba ki mis moTxrobebSi irekleba mkiTxvelis Tvalis asaxelad, gonebis gasawvrTnelad, sulis sazrdod. kote jandierisTvisac mniSvnelovania cxovreba `mosayolad~. rogorc markesi werda: ìcxovro, raTa mohyve~. mis moTxrobebSi dro sunTqavs, dro, romelic Tan warmavalia, Tan maradiuli. amis moxelTebas axerxebs mwerali, dagvanaxvos adamianis tragikuloba drois xanmokleobis WrilSi, Tanve, adamianis bedniereba sicocxlis ukvdavebis konteqstSi. misi moTxrobebis Tematika mravalferovania. Txrobis teqnikac, Sesabamisad, mravalgvari. igi ostaturad unacvlebs erTmaneTs tradiciul mdinarebas Txrobisas da postmodernistul interteqstualobas, romelsac gamudmebiT gahyavs mkiTxveli konkretuli ambis CarCodan da mere isev abrunebs, raTa yovelives erTgvari pirobiTobis, simbolurobis elferi daedos. misi Semoqmedebis interteqstualoba SesaniSnavad gaaanaliza lali avalianma Tavis kritikul werilebSi. yovelive es kargad warmoCndeba mis moTxrobebSi: `globalizacia~, `dapatiJeba kinoSi~, `gansxvavebuli kalibris vazna~, `mayvliani~, `saojaxo qronika~, `xanmokle Svebuleba~, `konkias Rame~, `saymawvilo seni~ da sxv. mis moTxrobebs Soris gamoirCeva `dapatiJeba kinoSi~, romelic konkretul drosac ireklavs da maradisobasac. amitomac arasdros dakargavs mkiTxvels, radgan yovelTvis gamoiwvevs mas adamianur, zneobriv idealebze dasafiqreblad, sikvdil-sicocxlis ganuyoflobaze safiqrelad. mkiTxvelic, Tavis mxriv, TviTove aqcevs nawarmoebs Tanamedroved, rakiRa masSi ipovis imas, rasac nugeSi da adamianuri cxovrebis gamarTleba hqvia. amave dros, es moTxrobaa wveTiviTaa, romelic mwerlis Semoqmedebis ragvarobasa da raobasac ireklavs. am nawarmoebis mTxrobeli, weris niWiT dajildoebuli, axalgazrda kacia, magram cotas wers, radgan `puri arsobisa~ mosapovebeli aqvs sxva gziT _ muSaobs prozaul `saqsaxmTavSaxtmSenSi~. es kontrastulad warmoaCens mis Sejaxebas realobasTan. es kontrastuloba _ cxovreba da xelov-

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neba _ Tavidanve warmoCndeba. adamiani TiTqos ixliCeba realobasa da ocnebas Soris, rac tkivils iwvevs: `mTeli cxovreba megona, rom ukeTesi wignis daweras SevZlebdi da aseTi ampartavnobisaTvis davisaje sicarieliT, ufulobiTa da SaxtmSeniT~. aq yofis `tragikulobas~ amsubuqebs TviTironia, rac ase damaxasiaTebeli jandieris prozisTvis. moTxrobis gmirebi sabWour saqarTveloSi cxovroben, meoce saukunis 70-iani wlebis Svilebi arian, amitomac mniSvnelovania, rogor axerxebs mwerali drois konteqstis Seqmnas. Tumca, aq epoqaze mniSvnelovani adamiania, romelic nebismier droul konteqstSi ebrZvis sakuTar Tavs, vnebebs da am `gulis WidilSi~, rogorc folkneri ityoda, gamoavlens, ramdenad àxloa RmerTTan~ (vaJa-fSavela). kote jandieris prozisTvis, sazogadod rogorc aRvniSneT, damaxasiaTebelia interteqstualoba, rac niSandoblivia yoveli Rirebuli mxatvruli nawarmoebisTvis. mwerali eyrdnoba ZvelTa tradiciul gamocdilebas, iyenebs aRiarebul religiur, miTologiursa Tu sxadasxva tipis kulturul simboloebs azris gamoxatvis feradovnebisa da siRrmisaTvis, mkiTxvelze zemoqmedebisTvis. magaliTad, erTgan TxrobaSi, sikvdilze fiqrisas, bunebrivad SemoiWreba qaronis saxe, romelic amZafrebs gmiris Sinagani mRelvarebisa da sasowarkveTilebis gadmocemas. mTavari gmiri, rogorc aRvniSneT, erTdroulad, TviTironiulic aris da narcisulic. igi, ra Tqma unda, enaTesaveba qarTuli Tu ucxouri literaturis im personaJebs, romlebic SeigrZnoben Rrma ufskruls warmosaxvasa da realobas Soris da gamudmebuli konfliqti aqvT sakuTar TavTan. gmiris narcisuloba amgvar fiqrSic mJRavndeba: `guli Sewuxebuli maqvs xalxisagan, yvela mTxovs raRac sityvebis Tqmas, raRac gauTavebel ganmartebebs, Sefasebebs. veRar gaiges, rom araferi maqvs saTqmeli, absoluturad araferi. ori welia, striqoni aRar damiweria, imitom, rom araferi maqvs saTqmeli am ayrolebuli qveynisaTvis. Cems kars minda davawero didi asoebiT: `damanebeT Tavi~. anda viSovo didi megafoni da erTxel da samudamod yvelas gasagonad daviRrialo: `wadiT, Tqveni deda!~

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es gmiris gaucxoebasac amxels, romelic gansakuTrebuli simZafriT meoce saukunis dasawyisidan gamZafrda xelovnebaSi. gaucxoebis mwvervalebi ki warmoCnda alber kamius SemoqmedebaSi. frangma egzistencialistma adamianur cxovrebaSi garkvevis yovelgvari gza uaryo, rakiRa sicocxle gaiazra, rogorc absurdi da Seecada, adamianic erTaderTi gamosavlis, TviTmkvlelobis, aRiarebamde mieyvana. kote jandieris gmiric, garkveulwilad, enaTesaveba absurduli cnobierebis adamians, aRiarebs ra yofierebis qaoturobas, Tanve cdilobs Tavi daaRwios am sicarieles, ipovos Tavi. moTxrobaSi Cans, rom personaJs tradiciuli Rirebulebebi sayrdenad aRar gamoadgeba. Sefarulad es asea gamJRavnebuli: `mtkvari mZimea da CaSavebuli. mis mdore wyalSi araferi ar irekleba. arc dRe, arc Rame~. qveteqstad igulisxmeba baraTaSvilis cnobili striqonebi: `nelad moRelavs modudune mtkvari ankara/ da mis zvirTebSi krTis laJvardi, cisa kamara~ (`fiqrni mtkvris pirzed~). Tu baraTaSvili sulier oblobas, sasowarkveTilebas gadalaxavda, erTi mxriv, bunebasTan erTobiT (`warved wyalis pirs sevdiani fiqrT gasarTvelad~), meore mxriv, bunebis manugeSebeli `megobrobidan~ dabadebuli RvTis rwmeniT (wyalSi cas (zeciurs, aramiwiurs, amaRlebuls, RvTaebrivs) Wvretda, arsebobis gamamarTlebel azrs urigdeboda: `magram, radganac kacni gvqvian... unda kideca mivdioT mas, gvesmas mSoblisa~), Tanamedrove gmirs zecidan mxolod risxvis molodini aqvs da ara wyalobisa: èlvarebs daisis viwro zoli. es kaSkaSa zoli hgavs moqneul cels, romelic sadacaa mosxeps ufoTlo Wadrebis kenweroebs, qarTuli da somxuri eklesiebis gumbaTebs, saxlebis saxuravebze awowil uazro teleantenebs da abanoTubanSi SemorCenil erTaderTi meCeTis cisfer minareTs~ _ TiTqos meored mosvlis winaTgrZnobaa. mkiTxveli grZnobs moqneuli celi mxolod peizaJis xatovani aRqma rodia, aramed gmiris sulSi gaCenili risxvis gamoZaxili. Sinaganad is ujanydeba yofis sicarieles da aqvs misi Secvlis wadili. es gvaxsenebs ioane naTlismcemlis qadagebas: `culi ZirTa Tana xeTasa Zes. yovelman xeman romelman ara

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gamoiRos nayofi keTili, moekueTos da cecxlsa daedvas (maTe, 3,10). gmiris gaucxoebas mSobliur qalaqTan kargad gamoxatavs sakuTari Tavis molaplape veSapTan Sedareba _ ès qalaqi nervebs miSlis. me is veSapi var, romelsac yelSi amosvlia okeanis mlaSe wylebi da xteba maRla haerSi, sveli da molaplape, raTa meore wams sxeulis simZimem kvlav daabrunos autaneli, magram mSobliuri stiqionis wiaRSi~. rogorc aRvniSneT, personaJi absurduli garemos tyvea. mas gamosavali ver upovia da TviTmkvlelobaze fiqri stanjavs, Tumca gabeduleba aklia ganzraxulis Sesasruleblad. es gaubedaoba ki kidev ufro metad Trgunavs. moTxrobaSi Tanamedroveoba kargad ixateba, romlis erTgvar simbolodac warmoCndeba `myrali kolmeurneobis moedani _ erTgvari nagavsayreli~. Tanve aqve ixateba yvavilebis bazari. WuWyisa da silamazis nazavi kargad warmoaCens sinaTlisa da sibnelis, borotebisa da sikeTis Tanaarsebobas, rogorc adamianuri cxovrebis tragediis mizezs. `mTavaria, rom adamians, Homo sapiens-s, SerCa Zala SeebrZolos masSive warmoSobil axal adamians, Homo Faber-s (maqs friSis amave saxelwodebis romanSi kargad Cans es brZola), da sanagveze ar moisrolos kultura. Tumca besik xaranaulis romanSi (`samoci jorze amxedrebuli raindi anu wigni hiperbolebisa da metaforebisa~) es saSiSroebac ikveTeba. avtori Tavs grZnobs `civilizaciisagan gandevnil kulturis Svilad~. romanis personaJi Sio fiqrobda, rom `wignebi unda dafrinavdnen~ da ixateba fantasmagoriuli suraTi: fanjridan wignebi Tavdaxsnili frinvelebiviT mifrinaven, magram `nagavsayarze iyo finiSi~ . besik xaranaulis romanis erTi sagulisxmo Senakadia, Tu rogor daikarga mTxrobeli `bavSvobaSi~ da `nagavsayaris qveyanaSi~ aRmoCnda tyved. bavSvoba samoTxea, xolo didoba _ tyveoba, Tanac nagavsayrelze, romelic cxovrebis simboloa. misi azriT, civilizaciam qveyniereba nagavsayrelad aqcia. es exmianeba Jan bodriaris Tvalsazriss: `yvelaze uaresi is ki ar aris, rom Cven irgvliv sul nagavia, aramed is, rom Tavad Cvenc am nagvad viqeciT~... (`qalaqi da siZulvili~).

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unda gavixsenoT, rom cxovreba rogorc nagavsayreli, warmoCenilia zura mesxis romanSi `spazmebi~, romelSic mTavari gmiris cxovrebis `damaxinjeba~ gamoiwvia TavSi moxvedrilma nagvis parkma: `me maqvs spazmebi. xuTi wlis rom viyavi, maSin damewyo. maSin daviwye nagvis danaxva da mTeli sidampleebis~. kote jandieris moTxrobaSi daxatuli gasayidad gamotanili yvavilebi TiTqos adamianTa sulebis anareklebia. qaosi mTxrobelis Sinagan samyaros emuqreba: `me yvelaferze erTad vfiqrob da Cemi Tavi savsea aTasi xaraxuriT, frazebis da mogonebebis naglejebiT, erotikuli scenebiT, qvanaxSiriT, Saxtis WrilebiT, sentimentaluri melodiebiT, naxevrad daviwyebuli saxeebiT, ucxouri koniakis boTlebiT, sevdiani peizaJebiT...~ Tbilisis ekleqturi arqiteqturac, simbolurad, sazogadoebis gaurkvevlobas, usayrdenobas, zneobriv RirebulebaTa dakargvas warmoaCens: `leninis moedanze varT. aq yvelaferi galokilia da erTmaneTSi areuli: fsevdomavritanuli stili, somxuri fsevdo ampiri, fsevdoklasicizmi, fsevdokonstruqtivizmi, stalinizmi da a.S. yvelaferi fsevdo~. mTxrobeli, rogorc aRvniSneT, bevrs fiqrobs sikvdilze. magaliTad, piris parsvisas sarkeSi rom iyureba, maSinac ki viRac emuqreba: ès gamxdari, moRuSuli kaci qaronia, romelic xelSi iRebs Cems gardacvlil suls da myrali mdinaris meore napirisken miaqvs. CaTlaxi!~ kote jandieris TxrobisTvis damaxasiaTebelia gmiris fiqris nakadebis gadmocema. rodesac is fiqrobs im adamianze, visTanac urTierTobs, am dros Cndeba erTgvari vertikaluri `CaRrmavebebi~ droSi, gaxseneba gardasuli ambebisa, romelTac kvali daatyves mTxrobelis suls. moTxrobis kidev erTi sagulisxmo gmiria ninco _ `myral sazogadoebaSi~ sisufTavisa da siwmindis erTgvari simbolo. masac realobasTan konfliqti aqvs _ `misi yvelaze didi ocneba is iyo, rom mamamisi pavle ingoroyva, geronti qiqoZe an vinme egeTi yofiliyo~. `didi saxelebi~ didi TavSesafris iluzias qmnis, sxvadyofna TiTqos gaqcevis SesaZleblobas aCens.

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nincos simbolur aRqmas xels uwyobs isic, rom mTxrobelisTvis ninco realobas ar Seesabameba _ `ra unda aseT qals (Tanac TeTr kabaSi gamowyobils) am simyraleSi~. moTxrobis erTi mTavari safiqralia, rogor SeiZleba sayrdeni moipovo am absurdul garemoSi, sadac aranairi kanonzomiereba araa? `ra ufro mTavaria _ gqondes mizani Tu iyo kmayofili?~ gmirs uCndeba fsevdogamosavlis SegrZneba, rom sicocxlis yoveli wuTiT tkbobaa mTavari da ara raime miznis dasaxva: `me vcxovrob wuTiT da vcdilob, yvelaferi gamovwovo am wuTs. me gemos vatan mxolod calkeul wuTs da Cemi gurmanoba ver amaRlda iqamde, rom degustacia gavukeTo wuTebis erTobliobas, romelic cxovrebas Seadgens~. Cndeba dapirispireba klasikuri literaturis warmodgenasTan, romlis mixedviTac, cxovreba Teatria. gmiri ki fiqrobs: `cxovreba ar aris Teatri... Teatri sainteresoa. iq yovelTvis raRac xdeba~. `cxovrebas ara aqvs siuJeti, amitom mosawyenia~. amitomac literatura (xelovneba) iqceva gamosavlad. xelovani realur cxovrebas Caanacvlebs warmosaxuliT, raTa daZlios mowyeniloba, erTferovneba, rac jojoxeTis tanjvas edareba. ase daZlia `mowyeniloba~ espaneTis erTi miyruebuli soflis erTma Cveulebrivma idalgom, saxelad don kixotma da cxovrebas `Seuqna siuJeti~_ `gadaiqca~ raindad, romelsac boroti Zalebi unda daemarcxebina. sagulisxmoa nincos ocneba: `sulac ar minda gavizardo~, radgan gazrda, swored ocnebiseul samyarosTan gamoTxovebas gulisxmobs. es exmianeba giunter grasis romans `Tunuqis doli~, romlis gmirmac es ocneba aisrula, ar gaizarda, magram cxovrebis tragikuloba mainc ver daZlia. nincos rwmena: `cxovreba mSvenieria, RmerTi samarTliania da samyaros aqvs raRac CvenTvis dafaruli azri da daniSnuleba. eg aris, xandaxan meCveneba, rom Cem garda aravin icis amis Sesaxeb~ _ eTanxmeba molodins mkiTxvelisa, romelic kiTxvisas imis ZiebaSia, rom wignSi (wakiTxulSi) mainc miagnos gamosavals da sanam Tavdaxrili striqonebs nTqavs, gavides sakuTari ubadruki arsebobis sazRvrebidan da wignis gmirTa samyaroTi, maTi imediT isunTqos. wignis kiTxva personaJebisTvis, marTlac, realobidan TavdaRwevis yvelaze ukeTesi gzaa, TvSesafaria, Tumca war-

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mosaxul samyaroSi xsnis imedi iluziuria da maleve qreba: àdre wignis wakiTxva imeds aRmiZravda. Cemi suli niadagi iyo, mwiri, magram mainc niadagi~. mTavari iyo, wignebidan aeRoT Tesli da imedi hqonodaT, rom ixarebda. samwuxarod, `niadagma teni dakarga~, warmosaxul samyaros cxovrebam Seutia da ferebisagan ganZarcva: `tilos miaxma zeTis saRebavebi, kedlis baTqaSi gamoSra da veRar iRebs temperas. ramdeni feric ar unda iyos jeimsis romanSi, is ukve veRar Seavsebs naxevrad gamomSral freskas. Cemi freska naxevrad daxatuli darCeba sikvdilamde~. fiqrebi mwerlobaze, `kamaTi yovel sityvaze... oTar WilaZeze, sartrze... _ personaJebisTvis aris Tavisuflebis SegrZnebis tolfasi. `frang mwerlebs vbaZavdiT: ìveriis myral saxinkleSi gaqonil sadgom magidaze vwerdiT winaswar mofiqrebul frazebs, gegoneba, saxlSi ar SeiZleboda amis gakeTeba. gegoneba, sandrariebi da Jakobebi viyaviT, xolo ìveriis~ saxinkle ki `kafe dez artisti~ yofiliyos `foliberJeris maxloblad~. wignebs gahyavs gmirebi Caketili sivrcidan sxva samyaroSi. XX saukunis 70-80-iani wlebis sabWoeTis Taobis tkivilebs kargad warmoaCens es swrafva ucxosaken. grigol robaqiZe maTTvis is mweralia, romelmac Tavi daaRwia totalitaruli reJimis marwuxebs. aRsaniSnavia, rom am dros grigol robaqiZis xseneba jer kidev ikrZaleboda da bibliografiul iSviaTobad qceuli misi wignebis wakiTxva komunisturi reJimis winaaRmdeg faruli protestis gamoxatuleba iyo. moTxrobaSi personaJad ixateba mxatvari irakli ToiZe, romelic axalgazrdebs uyveba: `grigol robaqiZes moveswari, ymawvilebo. saocari Tvalebi hqonda, cecxlovani. dReSi ramdenime saaTs bnel oTaxSi atarebda xolme. Turme am dros gugebi farTovdeba da Tvali gansakuTrebul elvarebas iZens~. esec imedis marcvalia, rom Senc daaRwev Tavs. Taobis manifestad warmoCndeba italieli mwerlis, jovani papinis sityvebi: `me unda vifiqro Cems sircxvilsa da martoobaze absolutur martoobaSi. ra gindaT Cemgan? roca ramis Tqma msurs, me amas vbeWdav, roca ramis gacema minda _ me viZlevi. Tqveni cnobismoyvareoba guls mirevs. Tqveni komplimentebi Seuracxmyofs, Tqveni Cai mwamlavs! aravis vali ara maqvs, me

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pasuxs vageb mxolod RvTis winaSe _ Tuki saerTod arsebobs~. es sityvebi kargad gamoxatavs daeWvebulobas yoveliveSi, es niSnavs usayrdenobas. swored amgvari Taobis tkivilebi ixateba moTxrobaSi. sagulisxmoa, rom moTxrobaSi SemoiWreba `TviTmfrinavis biWebis~ ambavi _ 1983 wlis 18 noembers TbilisSi momxdari tragedia _ axalgazrdaTa erTma jgufma samgzavro TviTmfrinavi gaitaca, rasac msxverpli da sazogadoebis araerTgvarovani reaqcia mohyva. es saqarTvelos uaxlesi istoriis erTi sisxliani furcelia, romlis wakiTxvis gareSe warmoudgenelia qarTveli eris vinaobis Secnoba. kote jandieris am moTxrobaSi SesaniSnavad warmoCndeba cocxali gancda am movlenisa, amitomac am mxrivac sainteresoa, ra gavlenas axdens Sokis momgvreli movlenebi adamianebze, rogor afxizlebs maT da ubiZgebs moZraobisken, daWaobebuli sivrcis garRvevisken. sagulisxmoa, rom kote jandierma mxatvrul samyaroSi erT-erTma pirvelma warmoaCina es tragikuli istoria. moTxrobaSi kinosTvis damaxasiaTebeli montaJis teqnikiT kargad ixateba erTdroulad mimdinare movlenebi. axalgazrdebi kafeSi eseninis poeziaze saubroben, am dros ki SemoiWreba frazaTa naglejebi: `gzebi gadaketilia.... aeroportidan micvalebulebi daxuruli manqaniT mohyavT... foniWalaSic isvrian~. rogorc cnobilia, am movlenam saqarTvelos sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi bevri ram Secvala da Tavisuflebis wyurvili ufro gaaRviva. dabadebis dReze Sekrebil megobrebs baZa eubneba: àxla isini TvalebSi uyureben sikvdils da sikvdilTan erTad im adamianebsac, romlebic Seewirnen maT bavSvur òmobanas~. RmerTi iyos maTi msajuli, radgan amqveynad ar meguleba mosamarTle, romelsac SeeZlos swori msjavris dadeba. anki, rogor SeZlebs amas, rodesac braldebulebi, iseve rogorc maTi mSoblebi, TviTon arian maTi msxverplni CvenSi dakanonebuli kacTmoZuleobisa da da terorisa~. rogorc aRvniSneT, am movlenis mimarT adamianTa damokidebuleba sxvadasxvagvari iyo. sabWouri ideologiuri manqana zombirebul sazogadoebas iolad ajerebda TviTmfrinavis gamtacebelTa teroristobasa da moRalateobaSi. sazogadoebis erTi nawilis azrs gamoxatavs nincos

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mamis, Tamazis, sityvebi: èg garewrebi da eris moRalateebi kedelTan unda miayrdno da cofiani ZaRlebiviT miaxvrito... ara, ki ar unda daxvrito, neli sikvdiliT unda mokla, unda igrZnos, rogor Sesdis mucelSi gaxurebuli Samfuri, rom mere sxvam aRar gabedos!~ mTxrobeli uZluria realur sivrceSi `mamebis~ mimarT protestis gamosaxatavad. misTvis mxsneli xelovnebaa da, konkretulad, literatura. is daweriliT gegmavs samomavlo SurisZiebas usulgulo sazogadoebaze, romelmac gulgrilad, cxoveluri sisastikiT moikveTa misgan gansxvavebulad moazrovneebi: `gava wlebi da me amis Sesaxeb davwer wigns, romelsac lope de vegas sityvebiT daviwyeb, saxelad ki `sisxlian qorwils davarqmev~. es iqneba wigni, savse tkiviliT, xmauriTa da mware monaniebiT Cveni uRmerTod Cavlili, WeSmarit mcnebebs mokveTili cxovrebis gamo; is iqneba savse yviriliTa da ucenzuro gamoTqmebiT, romelTac veraviTari cenzori da redaqtori ver amoSlis, xolo imisaTvis, rom vinmem ar miTxras: `ra dagemarTaT? es ra stilia? Tqven poziorobT da uxamsobiT iwonebT Tavso~, me win davurTav aseT Sesavals: `Zvirfaso mkiTxvelo! Sen SeiZleba Seuracxyofili darCe am wignis pirvelive winadadebiT, magram me sxvanairad ar SemeZlo. rom icode, rogor mombezrda inteleqtualuri farsis TamaSi idioturi sifaTebis win! rogor mombezrda es usasrulo reveransebi da etiketi, romelic mxolod simarTlis dasamalavadaa mogonili~. sagulisxmoa, rom mwerals sjera, Tavdaxsna yovelTvis SeiZleba, mTavaria danaSaulisa da codvis SegrZneba ar dakargos adamianma. kote jandieri moTxrobaSi iyenebs klasikuri msxverplSewirvis models, rac imas niSnavs, rom moTxrobis yvelaze ùcodveli~ personaJi unda Seewiros mTavari gmiris an sazogadoebis Tvalis axelas. es msxverpli nincoa, romelic avtoavariaSi iRupeba. swored misi sikvdili gaacnobierebinebs gmirs, rom yovelive `kanonzomierad~ xdeba. mas surs nincos gadarCena, magram rogor: `me mxolod giJuri azrebisa da da erTmaneTTan daukavSirebeli sityvebis mflobeli var. ra giyo, ninco? rogor gaqcio sityvad?~

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nincos stanjavs cxovrebis uazroba: `miTxari, vin moawyo ase saSinlad es cxovreba? am qalaqSi mTeli dRe rom iaro, cocxal adamians ver naxav. Tbilisi udabnoa, saSineli, carieli udabno! visi bralia? vin aris am samyaros avtori?~ nincos Tavisi sicocxlis erTaderT gamarTlebad 1978 w. 14 aprils qarTuli enis dasacavad gamarTul saprotesto aqciaSi monawileoba miaCnia, sxva yvelaferi ki _ uazrobad. mas aqvs usaSvelobis gancda. moTxrobis gmiri, erTi SexedviT, uxerxemlo da arafris maqnisi `Semoqmedis~ gansaxiereba, mkiTxvelis guls sabolood mainc igebs, radgan ver urigdeba am daWaobebul yofas da amboxis gancda eufleba: `me meTerTmete mcnebas yvelaze msxvili SriftiT davbeWdavdi da mivakravdi cxvirze kacobriobas: àr geSinodes!~ moTxrobis epigrafad gamotanili tiberius keisris sityvebi: `yoveldRe vkvdebi~ _ gamoxatvs avtoris mTavar saTqmels _ siyvarulis gareSe sicocxle droSi gaxangrZlivebuli sikvdilia. siyvarulis gareSe arc Tavisuflebaa da arc sinaTle. maS, raRa mniSvneloba aqvs sicocxles? amitomac gaismis gmiris sityvebSi yovelives arsebulis mimarT SurisZiebis wyurvili: ès erTi dRec mokvda. me is mivaxrCve uCumrad. profesionali mkvlelis auRelveblobiT. es iyo namdvilad erovnuli, WeSmaritad qarTuli mkvleloba, `magiuri Tatrebisa~ da da mocartis gareSe. herman heses `tramalis mgelTan~ gadaZaxili xels uwyobs imis SegrZnebas, rom cxovreba TavisTavad ùbiZgebs~ adamians TviTganadgurebisken amgvari cxovreba, codvebiT savse, dasjis Rirsia, amitomac aqvs gmirs gardauvali warRvnis SiSi. am moTxrobaSic meordeba `ganwmendis~ misteria. mTavaria, rom gmirs sjera RvTis samarTlisa da imisac, rom ar arsebobs didi da mcire codva, yovelives aqvs gamoZaxili, amitomac yvelaze metad sakuTari Tavi ezizReba, aRiarebs ra uZlurebas, raime Secvalos. moTxrobis es pasaJi mkiTxvelSi AaCens amaRlebulobis gancdas, zeaweuli msjeloba orkestraluri JReradobisaa, magram ara paTetikuri: `xval aucileblad daiwyeba warRvna da esec mxolod Cemi mizeziT moxdeba... da erTaderTi, ris gakeTebasac SevZleb,

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is iqneba, rom qveynierebis wasalekad adidebul wylebs yvelaze pirveli Sevewyvilebi~. `warRvnaSi damnaSaveni Cvena varT da es warRvna ar aris RvTiuri sasjeli, radgan RmerTi arc milicioneria da arc prokurori. es mRvrie wylebi Cven TviTon varT.... es Cveni cofi da boRmaa, romelic ise vagroveT da vamravleT, rom bolos da bolos jebirebma veRar gauZles.... yvelaferi es imitom moxda, Cemo anka, rom Sens babuebs ar aRmoaCndaT unari, Sens mamebs ki Zala _ yvarebodaT erTmaneTi, yvarebodaT es binZuri boseli, romelsac mSvenieri saxeli _ dedamiwa hqvia. samagierod eyoT Roroba, meored ecvaT jvars Tavisi yvelaze didi da lamazi ocneba da RmerTi eWvis Wiaze gaecvalaT~. mwerali mkiTxvels rwmenas uCens, rom siyvaruls SeuZlia warRvnis mRvrie wylebis SeCereba, raTa sicocxle gadarCes. nincos Svili _ anka _ swored am ToTo, dasaRupavad ganwiruli sicocxlis simboloa. anka unda gadarCes da, amgvarad. dausruleblad ganmeordeba sicocxlis misteria da àRdgeba~ samyaros kanonzomiereba. sulisSemZvrelia gmiris sityvebi: `Sen gaizrdebi da SeZleb imas, rac Cven ver SevZeliT, da gaxsovdes, rom pirveliTgan iyo sityva srulqmnili, Tbili da usasrulo...~. pirveliTgan qmnili sityva xom RmerTia. mkiTxvelsac sjera tanjvaSi axlad dabadebisa, radgan mweralma SeZlo kiTxvisas gamoewvia misi kaTarzisi. mkiTxvelisa da mwerlis urTierTobac xom erTgvari misteriaa, romelic kiTxvisas xorcieldeba da ase ibadeba am SesaniSnavi moTxrobis kiTxvisasac sasicocxlo energia, sakuTari Tavisa da samyaros gadarCenisken rom ubiZgebs mkiTxvels.

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inga milorava

sulis miqcev-moqceva sarkis zedapirze Tanamedrove mkiTxveli, rogorc sxvisi fiqris, azris gancdis Semmecnebeli, rTul viTarebaSi aRmoCnda. es viTareba erTbaSad ar Seqmnila, TanadaTanobiT, mTeli me-20 saukunis ganmavlobaSi nabij-nabij Camoyalibda da 21-e saukunis ukve pirveli aTwleulic rom miiwura, aSkarad gamoCnda, rom esTetikuri azrovneba erTi mxriv krizisSia, Tumca, meore mxriv, kvlav eZebs axal gzebs im sulieri da fizikuri cvlilebebis gamosaxvisaTvis, romlebic gansakuTrebiT swrafad da gamokveTilad gamoCnda gasuli saukunis bolo aTwleulebidan. amave dros isic, vinc axali saazrovno tendenciebis mixedviT axleburi xerxebiT agebuli mxatvruli samyaroebi unda aRiqvas, Seimecnos da miiRos, TviTonac sakmaod Seicvala, sxvanairi moTxovnebi gauCnda da garkveulwilad usagnod pretenziulic gaxda. amave dros, mravali arc Tu saxarbielo tendenciac gamoikveTa: Tundac is, rom postmodernizmis epoqis dasasruls, mkiTxvelTa da literaturuli teqstebis SemmecnebelTa mravalricxovani kontigenti Zalian araerTgvarovania da aRar emorCileba esTetikuri Rirebulebis dadgenil kanonebs, romlebsac wina epoqebSi ase Tu ise mainc SeswevdaT Zala moewesrigebinaT mxatvruli qsovilisdami damokidebuleba, zustad gamoekveTaT da gaecalkvebinaT mxatvrulad namdvilad Rirebuli da SedarebiT naklebad faseuli, xazi gaesvaT Temebis da motivebis, xasiaTebisa da qmedebis mniSvnelobisaTvis, anu, SeesrulebinaT erTgvari gzamkvlevis roli sityvis usasrulo da saocar samyaroSi. ra Tqma unda, es aramcdaaramc ar niSnavs, rom literaturaTmcodneobam an saliteraturo kritikam dakarga Tavisi funqcia an veRar asrulebs mas, magram, vfiqrob, naTlad Cans, rom Tanamedrove `postmoderngamovlili~ da, rac mTavaria, masobriv kulturas, popkulturis yovliswamlekav nakadebs naziarebi mkiTxveli dabneulia, ufro sworad, dabneulia misi didi nawili, masa da mxolod sakuTar gamocdilebas endoba, an, uares SemTxvevaSi, modur da iolad xelmisawvdom mxatvrul erTeulebs etaneba. am

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viTarebis gasamarTleblad arsebobs e.w. namdvili xelovnebis eliturobis Teoria, romelic araa moklebuli arc gonivrulobas da arc saR azrs, magram is gamomdinareobs Zalian mZlavri, maravalferovani da, upirveles yovlisa, mravalricxovani, maravalaqtoriani, mravalsubieqtiani dasavluri kulturidan, romlisTvisac, SesaZloa, xelovnebis da literaturis elituroba ukve Semdgari mocemulobaa. maTi masa, romelic sjerdeba zedapirul mxatvrul samyaros, Zalian didia, magram arc elitaa mcirericxovani, procentuli TvalsazrisiT. Tundac eliturobis Teoriam sabolood gaimarjvos da praqtikulad srulad ganxorcieldes, is nawili, romelsac pirobiTad elitas uwodeben, sakmaod mravalricxovania imisTvis, rom uzrunvelyos namdvili xelovnebis da literaturis arseboba. Cvens sinamdvileSi es Teoria Tu koncefcia, vfiqrob, mxolod damabrkolebeli iqneba mxatvruli azrovnebis Semdgomi winsvlisTvis, radgan isevdaisev procentebs Tu gamovedevnebiT, Cveni gind SemoqmedebiTi, gind Semmecnebeli elita Zalian mcirericxovani iqneba imisTvis, rom Seqmnas amindi, Seqmnas xelsayreli da didi sulieri intensivobis Semcveli garemo namdvili xelovnebis ganviTrebisaTvis. iluziebis tyveobaSi ar unda aRmovCndeT. gasagebia, rom bunebriv ganviTarebas veranairi mcdeloba ver SeaCerebs, magram, Tu problema jer dasmuli, xolo Semdeg gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba, SesaZloa, SevZloT is, rac sWirdeba Cvens literaturas imisTvis, rom gaagrZelos Tavisi mravalsaukunovani tradicia da, rac mTavaria, Tanadroul samyaroSi fexi auwyos marTla Rirebuls, romelic dros gauZlebs, darCeba, rogorc adamianis usazRvro SesaZleblobebis dasturi _ waruvali, zedrouli da zogadadamianuri. am TvalsazrisiTaa gansakuTrebiT saintereso da mniSvnelovani naira gelaSvilis romani `sarkis natexebis~ Secnobac da Sefasebac. esaa Tanamdrove romani, romelic bevr axal tendencias iTvaliswinebs, Tumca, vfiqrob, swored namdvili prozis, Rrma, fiqriani, erTdroulad Tan mSvidi da Tan Sinaganad, farulad mRelvare Txrobis erTguleba naTlad igrZnoba. roca Tanamedrove mkiTxvelis rTul mdgomareobasa da problemaze vamaxvilebT yuradRebas, wina

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planze iwevs frazis SegrZnebis deficiti, erTgvari sulswrafoba, romelic, cxovrebis aCqarebulma ritmma da garkveulwilad komiqsebis esTetikamac ganapiroba. sul ufrodaufro Wirs vrcel, niuansebiT datvirTul, detalizebuli TxrobasTan Segueba. ra Tqma unda, esec masis problemaa, romelic ukve aSkarad moiTxovs mokle da iol frazas, magram es ar aris Tundac hemingueiseuli `maRalmxatvruli simartive~, Rrma azris, drois ritmis Sesabamisi lakonuri formiT gadmocemis gasagebi moTxovnileba, aramed Sinagani, sulieri `samuSaos~ gaiolebis survili. Cvens literaturas jer es movlena aSkarad ar damuqrebia, magram mova dro da daemuqreba da iseTi teqsti, rogoric `sarkis natexebia~, SeiZleba iqces mxolod elitis gulisa da sulis kuTvnilebad da es safrTxea CvenTvis. amitom, vfiqrob, gadaWarbebuli ar iqneba, Tu am romanze fiqrsa da saubars daviwyebT swored imiT, rom SevafasebT mis mniSvnelobas _ es erT-erTi marTlac maRalmxatvruli, saukeTeso prozis nimuSia Tanamedrove qarTul saliteraturo sivrceSi _ da amave dros gamovTqvamT survilsac, rom unda moiZebnos raRac meqanzmi, romelic saSualebas miscems rac SeiZleba met adamians, miiRos informacia ara marto am, aramed zogadad, yvela marTlac Rirebuli nawarmoebis Sesaxeb da, rac mTavaria, rac SeiZleba met adamianamde mivides aseTi teqstebi, imitom rom Cven namdvilad ar gvaqvs arc ufleba, arc fufuneba (saerTodac, rogorc Cans, ara marto xelovnebasa da literaturaSi, isedac ara gvaqvs bevri ramis fufuneba, iolad, martivad, TviTdinebas mindobili arsebobis ufleba), rom namdvili literatura erTi muWa elitis an mxolod profesionalebis kuTvnilebad vaqcioT. gasagebia, rom es ase zedapirulad, survilis doneze gamosaTqmeli da gadaswyveti problema ar aris, arc iolad mosagvarebelia, magram naira gelaSvilis am romanma bunebrivad aRZra gulSჲ es fiqri da, albaT, xmamaRlac unda gamoiTqvas... `sarkis natexebi~ rTuli stuqturis mqone nawarmoebia. erTi SexedviT, es TiTqos arc igrZnoba, radgan mwerali ar cdilobs CaxlarTos, xelovnurad gaarTulos Tavisi amocana. is Tavidanve gviCvenebs Tavis pozicias da koncefcias: unda mogviTxros sulis moZraobis Sesaxeb, unda daxatos

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Tavisi sulis portreti, Seqmnas avtoportreti, oRond ara mTliani, erTiani da daunawevebeli anarekli, aramed sworedac sarkis natexebSi areklili, aramTliani, arasruli, daCexili, daWrili, mtkivneuli da albaT swored amitom ufro faseuli. sarkes bevr kulturaSi aqvs mistikuri datvirTva. igi erTgvari xidia cxadsa da zmanebas, amqveyniursa da miRmurs, sicocxlesa da sikvdils Soris. mwerali srulad iyenebs sarkis am mistikur da simbolur mniSvnelobas, funqciebs. misi Txroba sicocxlidan, amqveynad yofnidan miRebuli STabeWdilebebis gavliT, maTi meSveobiT auxsnelis, miRmuris, Tundac, Cvens cnobierebaSi sivdilis saxeliT Semosulis, axsnas eswrafvis da efuZneba. is mSvidad, nela, saocrad tevadi, moqnili da xatovani frazebiT `miiwevs win~ am gamoucnobi samyarosaken, romelic Cvens realobaSi, Cvens sinamdvileSi mxolod namsxvrevebad, sarkis natexebSi areklil fragmentebad Tu SeiZleba ixilos adamianma. magram mwerali Tanamoazred da TanamSromlad iwvevs mkiTxvels, rom mihyves masTan erTad am natexebs, dainaxos da waikiTxos maTSi erTi adamianis amqveynad yofnis, Tundac mxolod xsovnis qronotopSi gansxeulebuli, ambavi da am arasrul `masalaze~ dayrdnobiT erTad Seecadon gadaixedon sarkis, anu miwieris _ sicocxlis miRma, Tundac mxolod is dainaxon, ris saSualebasac mxolod namsxvrevebi miscemT. romanis ZiriTadi nawili bavSvobis mogonebebs moicavs. Tanamedrove literaturaTmcodneoba cdilobs axleburad gaiazros dokumeneturi proza. aSkaraa, rom tradiciuli memuaristika Seicvala da sxva mniSvneloba da ganzomileba SeiZina. arsebobs ukve franguli skolac, jer bolomde Camouyalibebeli, magram garkveuli tendenciebis mqone, romelSic ZiriTadad isev is mwerlebi Sedian, romlebic TviTonve weren aseT, rogorc TviTon uwodeben, àvtobiografiebs~. es àvtobiografiebi~ ganixileba erTgvar fiqciad, anu maT miaCniaT, rom Tanamedrove avtobiografia sulac araa mkacrad dokumenturi da masSi SeiZleba asaxuli iyos ara realuri biografia, aramed sulis Tavgadasavali, anu is, rogor xedavs an rogor surs xedavdes avtori Tavis Tavs, Tavis cxovrebas, arsebobas did samyaroSi. aseTi midgoma, ueWvelia, Secvlis memuaris, rogorc dokumentis mniSvnelobas,

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an, SesaZloa, axal Janrsac daudos safuZveli. naira gelaSvilis am romanis mixedviT namdvilad ver vityviT, rom is ukve wers aseT mxatvrul, sruliad Tavisufal avtobiografias, e.w. àvtofiqcias~, romelSic gamonagoni da realuri ise ewvnis erTmaneTs, rom maT ukve veRaravin gaacalkevebs da unda miiRos ase, rogorc gardauvali mocemuloba, Semdgari mxatvruli erTeuli. es teqsti aseTi ar aris: mwerali gadmogvcems dokumentur ambebs, gviyveba realur, misTvis Zvirfas, axlobel adamianebze, adgilebze, movlenebze, yvelaferi arsebobda, yvelaferi masTan iyo dakavSirebuli, namdvilad, sulieradac da fizikuradac (zogan saarqivo Canawerebic ki aqvs moxmobili), magram mainc aSkaraa, rom es ar aris tradiciuli memuari, Txroba imaze, `rac gaaxsenda~. mkiTxvelis Tvalwin TandaTan ixsneba dafaruli, erTi SexedviT, TiTqos SeuRweveli sulieri plastebi, bavSvis samyaro, sruliad patara bavSvis, romelic àryofnidan~ sul axlaxan movida `yofnaSi~. maSindel SegrZnebebs axla mxolod furcelze iwers, aRnusxavs da gadmoscems. es sul sxva procesia _ Cvens Tvalwin zrdasruli adamiani, savse, inteleqtualuri da Sinaganad saocrad daxvewili, faqizi smenisa da maxvili mzeris mqone Semoqmedi, ixedeba sarkis natexebSi da iq gardaiqmneba bavSvad, xedavs bavSvis suls, SesaZloa, zustad iseTs ara, rogoric maSin iyo, magram es ukve sxva realobaa, mxatvuli saxeebis axali sivrce, romelic sinamdvilis da warmosaxvis zRvarze qmnis yvelaze faseul da damajerebel mxatvrul sinamdviles. mwerali iwyebs iqidan, sadac iyo mTliani, bavSvobidan, romelmac jer ar icis arc boroteba, arc sikvdili, arc damsxvreul sarkeSi areklili sakuTari Tavi, magram yvelafer amas grZnobs im idumali, amoucnobi instinqtiT, romelic amqveynad dabadebisas Tan mohyveba rogorc adamians, radgan yoveli dabadebaSi aris sikvdilic da adamiani yvelaze adreul etazec Tavisi arsebobisa, grZnobs amas. swored es CaZieba sakuTar TavSi, oRond retrospeqtuli, es daJinebuli survili, rogorme gadavides iq, sxva, bavSvobis drosa da sivrceSi, qmnis am romanis TviTmyofad saxes da odnav mistiur surnels. mwerali abrunebs ukan gardasuls da Tanac ise, rom msjelobisas, analizisas ar ukargavs mas bavSvis mier danaxulis gan-

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cdas, ganwyobas _ esaa didi adamianis mier srulad, udanakargod aRdgenili, gaazrebuli da mxatvrulad gardaqmnili bavSvis, adamianis sulis da warsulis saxe. nawarmoebis dokumenturi plani TiTqos gadafarulia emociuriT, magram mainc zustad aRdgeba garkveuli epoqis suraTi. mwerali Zalian saintereso meqanizms iyenebs: igi awmyoSi, anu im empiriul drosa da sivrceSi, romelSic qmnis Tavis teqsts, erT patara sarkis namsxvrevSi, pirobiT drosa da sivrceSi areklavs warsuls, mis Semavsebel erT an erTmaneTTan dakavSirebul ramdenime, magram aramravalricxovan movlenas, ris gamoc am erTi anareklis kameruloba mTlianad SenarCunebulia. areklili, bunebrivia, ar iqneba originalis identuri da ver iqneba faqtobrivad zusti, radgan arc igrZnoba, rom mwerlis amocana imTaviTve es unda yofiliyo. mas aSkarad ar surs aqcenti gaakeTos movlenaTa planze, aramed gadmoscems im emocias, im SegrZnebas, romelic axlavs erTi-ori StrixiT, akvarelistis simsubuqiT daxatul movlenas. am TvalsazrisiT is TiTqos unda emsgavsebodes impresionistebs, magram es msgavseba miseuli asaxvis safexurebrivi sistemis pirvelive etapze mTavrdeba. impresionisti xelovani, mwerali Strixebs, monaxazs awvdis mkiTxvels, mere ki masTan `TanamaSromlobas~ agrZelebs, oRond ukve mTlianad mis gamocdilebas da fantazias miandobs msjelobis gagrZelebasa da movlenis Sefasebas. naira gelaSvili ki qmedebis da saxeebis zogadi, aramkveTri konstruqciis agebis Semdeg, ukve TviTonve, dawvrilebiT, detalurad ganixilavs, msjelobs, fiqrobs, garkveul daskvnebsac sTavazobs Tavis Tanamoazresa da Tanaganmcdels, TiTqos xelCakidebuli Sehyavs da ukvalavs gzas Tavis Zalian pirad, wesiT, ucxosgan dafarul samyaroSi. swored es erToblivi sulieri `muSaoba~ qmnis teqstis mniSvnelobas, romelic sul ufrodaufro mravalplaniani da araeerTgvarovani xdeba. roca literaturis aucilebeli sirTulisgan daclasa da elituri mkiTxvelis arsebobis safrTxeebze vsaubrobdiT, swored amas vgulisxmobdiT, rom, SesaZloa, marTlac dadges is dro, rodesac umetesi nawili mkiTxvelebisa veRar SeZlebs mihves mwerals rTuli, Sinagani, dafaruli da sulieri Tamagancdis Sedegad SesagrZnobi movlenebis gaazrebis, emociurad

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gadamuSavebis gzaze da es iqneba katastrofa, radgan wignis apokalifsi, romelic daxatulia rei bredberis romanSi `4510 farenhaitiT~, SeiZleba realurad gamoixatos ara wignebis akrZalviT da ganadgurebiT, dawviT, aramed mkiTxvelis namdvil teqstTan gaucxoebiT, sityvis da ambis Semecnebis verSeZlebiT da surviliT, rom adamianebs mxolod molaparake kedlebma mouTxron martivi da arafrismTqmeli, gasarTobi ambebi, iolad, dardis, fiqris, Tanagancdis gareSe da Tanac serialebad... am werilis werisas ramdenjerma vigrZeni, rom naira gelaSvilis araCveulebrivad mimzidvel, moqnil da erTian nakadad mimdinare teqsts uceb Tavs vanebebdi da am problemebze viwyebdi fiqrs, rac namdvilad uCveuloa, radgan am tipis, mTliani, moqnili, xatovani da erTian nakadad mimdinare mxatvruli qsovili, Cveulebisamebr, ise ipyrobs mkiTxvels, rom sanam bolo stiqons ar CaaTavebs, sulmouTqmelad mihyveba Txrobis talRebs da gareSe safiqrals arc ki aZlevs saSualebas, xeli SeuSalos nawarmoebiT tkbobis process. am SmeTxvevaSi ki ase ar moxda da gaCnda kiTxva: ratom? ratom gamoiwvia am teqstma aseTi Sinagani SfoTva, SiSic ki momavalze, maSin roca pirdapir is arsad exeba literaturis an esTetikuri azrovnebis momavlisa da mkiTxvelis samomavlo perspeqtivebis saWirboroto sakiTxebs da xelSesaxebi asociaciuri jaWvis boloc arsad Cans? rTulia bolomde darwmunebuli iyo, roca saqme emocias da asociacias exeba, raimes faqtobrivad damtkiceba SeuZlebelia, magram, mainc vvaraudob, rom TviTon teqstSia am gancdis gasaRebi, oRond ise damaluli, ise Rrmad Cafluli, rom calkeul saxeebad ver gamoyof da verc sailustraciod moiyvan _ mTeli suli, ganwyoba am romanisa aris erTi gabmuli Zaxili, Zieba, mipatiJeba, rom adamianma imogzauros iq, sadac misi adamianuroba yvelaze naTlad Cans _ fiqrebSi, mogonebebSi, asociaciebSi, tkivilebsa da dardebSi da roca ase Riad, ase gulwrfelad eZaxis teqsti mkiTxvels, roca ase daufaravad da srulad xsnis mis winaSe Tavisi samyaros kars, albaT, es aRZravs SiSs, SfoTvas, rom, SesaZlebelia teqnokratulma da momxmareblurma civlizaciam iqamde miiyvanos adamiani, rom bolomde ver miiRos aseTi esTetikur-emociuri SeTavazeba?

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aseve aris kidev erTi faqtori, romelic am teqstis mistikur Sres ukavSirdeba. miuxedavad imisa, rom mwerali ar aris religiuri, tradiciuli gagebiT, mis teqstSi mudmivad igrZnoba rwmena raRac didis, mniSvnelovanis, waruvalis da... erTxel ukve dakargulis. samoTxe, romelic dakarga adamianma, `sarkis natexebSi~ bavSvobasTan asocirdeba. samoTxidan gamoZevebas mohyva sikvdilis gaCena da es romanic iwyeba sceniT, roca Cvili, romelic daibada, iqve ebrZvis sikvdils, anu, SesaZlebelia, man maSinve datovos miwa, sanam Seicnobs danakargis simZimes. magram siyvaruli aris is, rac ebrZvis sikvdils, rac adamians, miuxedavad imisa, rom miweri yofa svlaa sikvdilidaken, mainc aiZulebs sicocxlisken swrafvas, uRvivebs aq yofnis, arasrul samyaroSi darCenis da Tavisi axloblebis aqve rogorme didxans SenarCunebis survils, anu am arasrulyofilebis bolomde Secnobis gzaze siaruls aiZulebs da swored papis siyvaruli sZlevs sikvdils da bavSvi iwyebs sicocxles _ aryofnis samoTxidan gamoZevdeba yofnis miwaze. merec, mTeli romanis ganmavlobaSi, naTlad igrZnoba, Tu rogor Sordeba adamiani samoTxes da, SesaZloa, es qveteqstSi da, metic, koncefciaSi mocemuli tragikuli gardauvalobis gancdac iyos im apokalifsuri asociaciebis impulsi, romlebic am, erTi SexedviT, mSvidi, rbili da usafrTxo teqstis _ bavSvis, mozardis, Semecnebis gzaze damdgari Semoqmedi adamianis samyaros sityvieri portretis aRqmisas aRiZvris. radgan aseTi `sityvieri alqimiuri nazavi~ unda SemogvTavazos mweralma, didi ostatoba, sifaqize da zomierebis grZnobac sWirdeba. unda iTqvas, rom umeteswilad is am bewvis xidze udanakargod da sruli warmatebiT gadis, mxolod calkeul, iSviaT SemTxvevaSi, roca gascdeba sakuTari SegrZnebebis aRweras da iwyebs garSemo myofTa daxasiaTebas, maTi naazrevis gadmocemas, igrZnoba, rom es ukve àwmyodan Seferili~ realobaa, Tumca es arafers aklebs ambavs mxatvruli TvalsazrisiT. SesaZloa, swored es droTa plastebis (awmyo-warsulis) aRrevac ganapirobebs am teqstis mravalganzomilebianobas, mravalSrianobas, SegrZnebas, rom mkiTxvelis winaSe gadaSlili samyaro ara brtyeli, aramed TiTqos hologramulia, anda,

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ufro metic, damoukidbel sicocxles iZens, sxeuls, sisxlsa da xorcs isxams. naira gelaSvilis sarkis natexebSi areklili patara adamianis mier danaxuli formiT warmosdgeba: mis xsovnaSi qveyniereba sam sofladaa warmodgenili, romlebic Tan misia, sakuTari, misi arsebobis Tanmdevi da Tan ganuyofel kavSirSia im fesvebTan, romlebic gardasuli drosTan akavSireben mas, qmnian im erTianobas, romelSic aRarca aqvs mniSvneloba, am sofelSi iyo Tu ara adre, dabadebamde an iqneba Tu ara sikvdilis Semdeg _ es Sinagani da waruvali erTianobaa: `mesame soflis saxeli ki iwyeba sityviT `win~. ra qarTulSi ùkansac~ niSnavs: `winaT~. winandeli, anu adrindeli, anu warsuls Cabarebuli, anu is, rac mudam win aris, raki ukan darCa da roca berdebi, gulis xeivnebiT, xsovnis gvirabebiT isev iq brundebi: im winandalSi, da agre, isev bavSvobis gavliT Sedixar sikvdilSi, rac, isedac, mudam winsvla unda iyos~ (gv. 8). misTvis mSobliur samive sofels Tavisi funqcia da mniSvneloba aqvs da isini zustad gamoxataven im cvlilebebs, romlebic ara imdenad gareT, aramed drois dinebasTan erTad adamianis sulSi xdeba. mwerali Txrobisas upiratesobas aniWdebs mZafr, waruSlel SegrZnebebs, romlebsac aRZraven erTi SexedviT Cveulebrivi nivTebi, movlenebi. pirvel sofelSi wyali Sorsaa da virebiT da cxenebiT moaqvT. magram is, rac yofiTi detalia, bavSvisTvis iqceva SegrZnebebis wyarod da wyebad. is imaxsovrebs da gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebs yvela niuanss da wylis motanis suraTi, ukve mwerlis saocari xedviTa da ostatobiT aRwerili, iZens raRac gansakuTrebulis, amaRlebulis, saocaris mniSvnelobas, radgan esaa samyaros Secnobis pirveli nabijebi, ara Cveulebrivad danaxvis, aramed mgrZnobiare sulis mier garemomcvelis sruli simZafriT aTvisebis suraTi. natexebSi asaxuli samyarocalkeul suraTebad warmosdgeba. maTSi airekleba patara peizaJi, calkeuli moqmedeba, am moqmedebis arsi, mizani, magram es danawevrebuli anareklebi, romlebic sityvier qsovilSi `gamyarda~ da ferad samyaros natexebad iqca, qmnis mozaikas, did mravlismomcvel mozaikur panos, romelic erT mTlianobad aRiqmeba. am mozaikis mTlianobas ganapirobebs is, rom es erTi adamianis

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sulieri avtoportretis Seqmnis mcdelobaa da rasac xatavs, misi sulis nakvTebia, misi Sinagani saxea. amas garda, erTianobis gancdas aRZravs TiToeuli `mozaikuri qvis~ Sinagani kavSiri erTmaneTTan, romelic gapirobebulia bavSvis aRqmaSi samyaros monoliTurobiT, urRvevobiTa da SeuvalobiT: aq yvelaferi mtkice, gasagebi da, rac mTavaria, mSobliuria. suraTi, romelic mis gonebaSi aRibeWda, ara mxolod im sivrcis anabeWdia, romelSic odesRac mouxda yofna, aramed imisac, rac iq ganicada. am suraT-natexebSi ikveTeba sakraluri centri – adamiani, romelic uyvarda bavSvs. pirvelive. es adamianebi, umniSvnelovanesi (deda, mama, bebia, papa, da-Zma) da SedarebiT naklebadmniSvnelovani (naTesavebi mezoblebi, sxva bavSvebi, Tanasoflelebi, SemTxveviT Sexvedrili adamianebi) qmnian mTlian mozaikas, romelSic Cans, Tu rogor yalibdeba adamiani _ is, vinc siyvarulisTvis, fiqrisTvis, tanjvisTvis da sixarulisTvis movida amqveynad, rogorc arsebobis, bunebasTan mudmivi kavSiris, sikvdilisa da dabadebis maradiuli wrebrunvis erTi patara monakveTi, Tundac rogoricaa lazares suraTi: `da im Rames Tu ara, diliT ukve modioda Sxapuna wvima da me vxedavdi, rogor iSverda didi da patara xelebs zecisaken da rogor cekvavdnen Tavsxma wvimaSi, maT Soris yvelaze mkafiod ki, raRa Tqma unda, Cems sruliad axalgazrda, jer isev bavSv bebiasa da papas vxedavdi, romelTac, TavSic ki ar mosdiodaT, rom Cvens amqveynad mosavlineblad unda SeuRlebuliyvnen sul mokle xanSi~ (gv. 10). bavSvis samyaroSi, romelic saocrebebiTaa savse da sadac yvelafers jer kidev ar hqvia saxeli, sadac jer kidev ase axloa samoTxe, rom isic ki ar icis, rogor daikarga igi da vin an ram daakargvina da `damnaSave~ gvelic ki aRiqmeba, rogorc garemomcvelis mSvenieri, bunebrivi da amitom gardauvalad misaRebi nawili, iolia yofis saswaulad gardaqmna. am teqstSi mudmivad igrZnoba es paradoqsi: erTi mxriv, yvelaferi, rasac xatavs mwerali, anu amoaqvs bavSvis cnobierebidan, aris Cveulebrivi, martivi, bunebrivi. bavSvi ase aRiqvams yvelafers, gaocebis, Secbunebis, SiSis gareSe _ raki xdeba, xedav, exebi, Sens gverdiT aRmoCnda, ese igi, esec am samyaros nawilia, rogorc Sen TviTon. magram amave dros, patara adamiani yve-

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lafers imTaviTve aniWebs mistiur, zRaprul da saswaulebriv mniSvnelobasac. es Zalian zustad SeniSnuli niuansia, SesaZloa, gadamwyvetic ki bavSvis aRqmisa meqanizmis, misi saxeobrivi azrovnebis Secnobis da gamosaxvis dros. yvela adamiani, romelic Seecdeba gaixsenos Tavisi bavSvuri SegrZnebebi, aucileblad ipovis am ferflwaylil suraTebsa da SegrZnebebSi realurisa da miRmuris, zmanebismieris, Cveulebrivisa da saswaulis, fantastiuris saocar, myar nazavs. mwerali am SegrZnebas gamoxatavs sizmrebis da relobis, cxadisa da zmanebis erT saxed warmodgeniT. ase gardaiqmneba sizmarSi Tojina varskvlavad, zecis saCuqrad da mfarvel angelozad: ùceb Cvens pirdapir mokiafe erTma varskvlavma gadideba daiwyo da kaSkaSic gauZlierda. izrdeba, izrdeba da Cveni fanjrisken mohqris. didxans gagrZelda es moaxloeba. Cven Zalian gveSinia. ai, siswrafes umata, umata da Cvens fanjaraSi SemoiWra. iatakze daeca. mivixedeT da iatakidan Cemi Tojina amoizarda.... maSasadame: dgas varskvlavidan amozrdili patara gogo da anaTebs. gvian, roca religiuri cnebebi ufro Rrmad Camitvifra Cemma gamzrdelma, es manaTobeli patara gogo angelozTan gaigivda. radgan man, sityvebiT ki ara, azriT miTxra, rom amieridan yvela gansacdelSi mfarvlad momevlineboda~ (gv.15). da es marTlac ase xdeba, gansacdelSi Cavardnils Tojina-anglozi aZlevs niSans, dapirebisamebr, Tumca am epizods asrulebs sagulisxmo fraza: `mere am niSnis gamocxadeba Sewyda. es, albaT, im periodSi, roca Cemmi Tojinebi sul damaviwyda~ (gv.15 ). es styvebi zustad migvaniSnebs, raze mogviTxrobs mwerali _ im gzaze, romelic gaiara adamianma am samyaros jadosnuri, xalasi, gulisamaCuyeblad gulubryvilo, magram Zalian mimzidveli da bednierebismomtani SegrZnebidan sicocxlis realur, zust, xandaxan civ aRqmamde, romelic TandaTan arTmevs adamianis arsebobas. bavSvobis samoTxisebur silamazes. Tumca, es romani namdvilad ar aris mxolod bavSvobis vardisferi samyaros apologia, feradi suraTebis albomi, romelsac aRfrTovanebuli aTvaliereben da enismoCleqiT eferebian fotosuraTebze momgebianad, TiTqmis angelozis saxiT warmoCenil bavSvebs. es aris adamianis sulSi Rrmad wvdomis mZafri survilidan amozrdili wigni, romelic cdi-

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lobs aRmoaCinos dafaruli. mwerals TiTqos miznad dausaxavs, rom arapirdapir, magram mainc migvaniSnos raRafac metafizikur sinamdileze, romelic Tan sdevs adamians pirvelive nabijebidan, metafizikur codnaze, romelic TiTqos Tan mohyveba mas amqvynad da upiratesad sikvdilisadmi daokebel interessa da swrafvaSi gamoixateba im etapze, roca patara adamianma, wesiT, arc icis, ra aris sikvdili. SesaZloa, es misTvis garemomcveli samyaros erT-erTi jadoqrobaTagania, rogorc wylis yinulad gadaqceva. magram aSkaraa, rom sikvdili metia, vifre ubralo movlenebi bavSvis garSemo. is izidavs adamians, maSinac ki roca jer kidev Zalian Sorsaa misgan, roca man jer kidev ar icis, rom adamianad yofnis sevda sikvdilis gardauvalobasTanaa wilnayari da TiTqmis yvelaferi mis Secnobas emsaxureba. amitom iqca bavSvis mier varclSi Casvenebuli Tojina _ romelsac Tan Caayola Tevzebi, savarcxeli, wiTeli vardi, daasxa wyali da zamTris Rames dautova gasayinad _ adamianis gzis da dasasrulis winaTgrZnobis mkveTr da SemaZrwunebel metaforad: `sxvaTa Soris, Tojina sulac ar mecodeboda da arc sindisis qenjna mawuxebda. magram arc sixaruls ganvicdidi am SemaSinebeli, momnusxavi sanaxaobis winaSe. es mdgomareoba sevdas ufro uaxlovdeboda, vidre sixaruls. SeiZleba, es martooba iyo, anda vin icis, TviTSemzadeba danaSaulisTvis an sikvdilisTvis, an Segueba bediswerasTan. ise videqi Cemi namuSakaris winaSe, TiTqos igi uCemod moxda, radgan aucileblad unda momxdariyo~ (gv.17). roca Semoqmedi ase daJinebiT cdilobs amoicnos is, rac dafarulia adamianis sulSi, albaT, bunebrivad uCndeba gancda, rom raRac akrZaluls, miuwvdomels, xeluxlebels miswvda, gadaswia saburvelis kuTxe da cdilobs dainaxos is, rac ar unda daenaxa, an Tu dainaxa, ar unda eZebna misi arsi. is kulturuli sivrce, romelSic Seiqmna es romani, msgavsad mravali sxva msgavsi suliskveTebisa da Sinagani wyobis sivrcisa da droisa, gulisxmobs erTgvar krZalvas imis mimarT, rac RmerTis nebas, RvTis sityvas an uflis SegrZnebas ukavSirdeba. naira gelaSvili am romanSi Zalian gulwrfelia. swored es pirdapiri da wrfeli, arafarisevluri damokidebuleba yvelaze mniSvnelovanis, yvelaze mTavarisadmi,

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romelic, vfiqrob, miuxedavad rwmenis, eklesiisadmi damokidebulebis da, zogadad, msofxedvelobis, Tundac radikaluri gansxvavebulobisa, aRZravs pativiscemas nebismier mkiTxvelSi. mwerali, romelmac SeZlo ase faqizad gadmoeca da eCvenebina bavSvis sulier samyaroSi sikvdilis, martoobis gancdis dabadeba, raRac zerealuris SegrZnebis gaCena sulSi, TavisTavad gulisxmobs iq RmerTis arsebobas da pirdapir ambobs, rasac grZnobs. amasTan, is ar uSindeb imas, rom SesaZloa, RmerTis miseuli SegrZneba, ar aris is, rasac orTodoqduli religia moiTxovs misgan, magram es aris SegrZneba _ umZafresi, didi, Zlieri – gardaqmnili saxed, xatad, mxastvrul sinamdviled, romelsac, SesaZloa, bevrjer ukeT gamoxatavs adamianis RmerTTan miaxloebas, CveulebrivSi, xelSesaxebSi, idumalis, saocaris, miuwvdomelis aRmoCenasa da danaxvas: bavSvi gaipara gamoqvabulSi da aqedan iwyeba idumalTan ziarebis misteria, roca papa aRaraa erTi, konkretuli papa, roca gamoqvabulis miRma ilandeba Seucnobeli, SiSis momgvreli, mainc mimzidveli da roca gamoqvabuli, xevi da papa, SesaZloa, isev im zeciuri sauflos miwieri anareklebia, didi, erTiani zogadisa, romelic iseve aisaxa am miwier saxeebSi, rogorc bavSvis samyaro airekla awmyos sarkis namsxvrevebSi. mkiTxvelis Tvalwin nel-nela Semodian da mwyobrad miuyvebian striqonebs kameCebi, mdinareebi, blis xeebi, sasaflaos qvebi, ezoebi, saxlebi, fanjrebi, Tojinebi, nakadulebi, patara kabebi, patara fexsacmelebi, ucnauri fiqrebi, auxsneli, magram zusti gancdebi... es im Soreuli samyaros ara mxolod da ara ubralod gaxsenebis da daxatvis, aramed Semecnebis procesis gaxsenebisa da daxatvis mcdelobaa, romelic gulisxmobs epoqis, adamianebis da movlenebis erT mTlian, azrobriv-grZnobier velSi warmodgnas, danaxvasa da gamosaxvas. ambavi dinamiuria, viTardeba da icvleba, xolo arsi am procesisa zedroul-zesivrculia da metafizikur sinamdvileSi udevs saTave _ Semecnebis kristalur saufloSi, romlis miweri gamoxatuleba, emanaciaa yvelaferi, rasac adamiani awydeba cxovrebis gzaze: sayvareli adamianebiT da sacxovrisebiT dawyebuli, wignebiT damTavrebuli. Semecnebis procesi am wignSi upiratesad TviTSemecnebas

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gulisxmobs da praqtikulad dausrulebeli da amouwuravia, radgan mwerali avtoportrets xatavs, sakuTari Tavis Secnoba ki yvelaze rTulia. bunebrivia, rom is Tavisi Tavis yvela rakursSi danaxvas da daxatvas cdilobs. autofiqcia, romelic ase afiqrebs Tanamedrove literaturatmcodneobas da calke Janaradac ki varaudoben mis Camoyalibebas (Tu saTanado argumentebi da masala dagrovdeba, ra Tqma unda), gulisxmobs ara marto aradokumenturis, gamonagonis momZlavrebas avtobiografiul nawarmoebSi, aramed Selamazebasac imis, rasac, gnebavT, Tavad mwerlis namdvili saxeli uwodeT, gnebavT, ufro neitraluri `me _ mTxrobeli~. aseT teqstSi bevrad ufro momgebianad warmoCndeba is, vinc yveba Tavis Tavze, Tavis ambavs. naira gelaSvilis romani am TvalsazrisiTac Zalian sainteresoa, metic, mkacric ki im patara gogonas mimarT, romelic odesRac iyo. is ar cdilobs daxatos sworxazovnad sayvareli bavSvi, keTili, mSvidi, gawonasworebuli, harmoniuli sakuTar TavTan da garesamyarosTan. piriqiT, es aris patara meamboxe, romelic ewinaaRmdegeba samyaros, gamoxatavs protests, zogjer Zalian ucnauri da agresiuli formiT: wveba gzaze da aRar dgeba, an ketavs saxlis karebs da ar uSvebs Sig Sindabrunebul mamidasa da biZas. is cdilobs ara ubralod aRweros qmedeba, aramed rogorme gaerkves am patara àmboxis~ arsSi da uceb vxedavT da vxvdebiT kidec, rom bavSvi aprotestebs _ Taviseburad, TiTqos gauazreblad, magram Zalian mZafrad _ adamianuri arsebobis udides tkivils _ martoobas. sikvdili da martooba _ es ori tkivili Tan sdevs am teqstSi aRweril Semecnebis process da, zogadadac, iqneb, misi mTavari impulsicaa... mwerlis mier daxatuli patara gmiri xandaxan Zalian agresiulia, SesaZloa, Tavis toli gogonas sikvdilic ki inatros, Tumca xvdeba, rom es araa kargi. SeiZleba daundoblad iZios Suri da Tanatols Tavi gautexos, Tumca amave dros, mTeli sisavsiT SeigrZnobs cxovrebis ucnaur usamarTlobas, roca erTi adamiani, Tundac SemTxveviTi msxverpli, miwaSi lpeba didi xania, xolo misi mkvleli, Tundac uneblie _ qorwils ixdis. es sicocxlis auxsneli muxTloba sulisTvis, romelic Semecnebis gzis dasawyisSia, erTdroulad

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Zalian Zneli aRsaqmelicaa da garkveulwilad azrovnebis momavali gzis gamkvalavi da mimarTulebis mimcemic. igi iRebs realobas, rogorc ukve arsebul suraTs da imaxsovrebs, rom odesme mouZebnos ganmarteba da azri, Tumca, vfiqrob, naira gelaSvils teqstis xibli swored imaSia, rom arasodes cdilobs ganmartos rame, Tu bolomde ar esmis da ar grZnobs, mxolod imitom, rom morali da wesi moiTxovs, raRac maRalfardovani an Tundac sada, magram mainc farisevlobaSeparuli sityvebiT axsnas is, risi gagebac da dajerebac ar SeuZlia. farisevlur morCilebas is arc gamoxatavs da arc egueba... arc Tavis patara gmirs xatavs wesisa da kanonis dacviT, amitomaa, rom Sedegad iRebs Zalian adamianur, mZafr, umniSvnelovanesi detalebiT savse narativs, romelSic adamianis xasiaTi warmosdgeba iseTad, rogoric aris sinamdvileSi da ara iseTad, rogoric sxvebs surT rom iyos, an xandaxan, sisustis Semotevisas, TviTonac ocnebobs. mwerali qvecnobier impulsebsac eZiebs da ar malavs. is cdilobs gaerkves, ra aris mizezi imisa, rom dasa da Zmas, romlebmac ician, rogori mtkicea maT Soris kavSiri, raRac Sinagani winaaRmdegoba aqvT, zogjer sisastikeSi gadasuli. is Zalian Rrmad Cadis am kvlevisas. ufrosi Zma, rogorc dapirispirebuli Zala, uxeSi, sastiki, romelic TiTqos yvelafers, rac patara gogos moswons da ainteresebs, masxrad igdebs, xels uSlis da xandaxan daundobelicaa mis mimarT, samyaros bnel Zalad warmosdgeba, romelic bavSvis cnobierebaSi yvelanair Zaladobas ukavSirdeba da mkiTxvelic uTanagrZnobs `daCagrul~ gogonas. magram sulis labirinTebSi xetialisas da gamalebuli Ziebisas, mwerals ar surs rame gamorCes da uceb irkveva, rom sadRac, qvecnobierSi, mimalulia usamarTlobis gancda, garkveuli kompleqsic, romelic ZmasTan urTierTobas sxva WrilSi warmoaCens da erTgvar bavSvurad danaxul tragikulobas matebs yvelafers, rasac igi sCadis: `...Cemi ufrosi Zma rogorc pirveli (anu kaxeTSi rom amboben `siyrmis~) Svili ise uyvardaT, ese igi gamorCeulad! Cemi umcrosi Zma _ rogorc umcrosi, me ki isic vera mSveloda, erTaderTi gogo rom viyavi. erTi sityviT, adreve Camesaxa rwmena, rom usamarTlobis msxverpli viyavi“ (gv.76). mwerali Zalian mkveTrad gamoxatavs im gan-

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cdebs, romelic adamians aiZulebs movlenebi aRiqvs Taviseburad, gadasxvaferebulad, gamZafrebulad, magram am gancdebis daxatvas igi msubuqi monasmebiT axerxebs da am gamWvirvale saxeebis miRma dafaruli TviTironiac ilanmdeba da zogadad, adamianuri bunebis arasrulobis SegrZnebac: `Tan, am dros ukve damdgariyo is asaki, roca gavacnobiere, rom usamarTlobisa da siuxeSis es gansxeuleba (Zma _ avt.) RmerTs agre nazad daejildovebina Cemze gacilebiT ufro farTo da Tan mamaCemis momwvano TvalebiT, grZeli aprexili wamwamebi rom ertyaT gars. rogori asatani iyo CemTvis Cemi moSavo, arafriT gamorCeuli da Tan saSinlad sworwamwamebiani Tvalebi, daCagrulobis mTels am konteqstSi, megobrebo, mTels am konteqstSi!~ (gelaSvili 1999: 80). ironia, Tu tkbil-mware Rimili gamokrTis sakuTari Tavisa da Zmebis, ukve gazrdilebis, SefasebaSic. Tumca sarkis am namsxvrevSi areklil da-Zmobis, gulebis Widilisa da sevdis am ambavSi umTavresi mainc isaa, Tu ra gamoitana adamianma Semecnebis gzis am erTi sakmaod rTuli da winaaRmdegobrivi monakveTidan: `ra Tqma unda, Cemi yofili opozicia namdvilad imsaxurebs madlierebas, ara mxolod imitom, rom TavisTavad sruliad araagresiuli adamiani dadga, Cems saqmeSi saerTod rom aRar ereva, aramed, pirvel rigSi Tavisi moRvaweobis im aspeqtis gamo, riso wyalobiTac droze gamaucxova Cems mSobliur kuTxeSi gansakuTrebiT aTvalwunebuli senisgan, papaCemi ìklikanturobasa da folorcobas~ rom uwodebda, miT ufro, rom xsenebuli movlena im saqmianobaSi, romelsac mivdev, bevad ufro savalalo da savaglaxoa, vidre cxovrebaSi~ (gv. 82). yvelaferi: grZnobebi, tkivilebi, Sinagani, `sulieri xetiali~. movlenaTa WeSmariti mizezebis da arsis Zieba Semoqmedi adamianisTvis sabolood midis sakuTari xedvis, samyaros aRqmis da gamosaxvis meqanizmis Camoyalibebamde, romelic damokidebulia imaze, ra grZnobieri daskvnebi gamoitana adamianma realobasTan urTierTobaSi miRebuli gamocdilebidan. am gamocdilebaSi igulisxmeba SiSis daZlevac. mwerali, romelic arafers malavs, piriqiT, cdilobs, imaze Rrmad gadaixedos sulis ufskrulSi, vidre es Cveulebriv xelmisawvdomia da imaze meti Tqvas, ris Tqmasac, rogorc

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wesi, bedaven da gadawyveten xolme, àr uSindeba SiSs~ da misi moqmedebas srulad gamosaxavs: guburSi areklili saxe mistiur, sulisgamyinav SiSs iwvevs bavSvSi. gubura sarkea, anarekli miRmuri, magram, SesaZloa, ufro namdvili, ufro sruli realobis da is SiSis momgvrelia sarkis aqeTa samyaroSi. iqneb swored esaa anareklebis da sarkeeebis SemaZrwunebeli mimzidvelobis mizezi, Tumca SiSi, romelsac isini iwveven, ZarRvebSi sisxls yinavs. Tumca SiSi mainc daZleulia, radgan adamiani, romelic eZiebs arsebobis arss, azrs da sakuTar Tavs am samyaroSi, SiSis miuxedavad, mainc ixedeba sarkeSi... Zalian saintersoa kiTxva, romelic erTerTi mozaikuri natexis bolos, gausaZlisi tkivilis, SiSis, tanjvis erTi epizodis aRweris Semdeg daismis: `da mravali wlis Semdeg gamoikveTa SekiTxvac: Tu SiSis waylobiT tkivilis verSemCnevaiyo SesaZlebeli, SesaZlebeli iqneboda Tu ara igive, magaliTad, sixarulis an aRac sxva naTeli gancdis ZaliT?“ (gv.75). swored aseTi, tkivilze ufro STambeWdavi gancdis aRmZvreli saxeebi qmnian nawarmoebis monatrebis surneliT savse, aRqmulis gaazrebis Semdeg Sobil, fiqrisa da tkivilis gzaze gamotarebul mxatvrul qsovils, romelic erTdroulad samyaros Secnobis, aRmoCenis processac asaxavs da daskvnasac. sarkis natexebi aireklaven im saxeebs da mTxrobelis portretis SigniT Tavsdeba es anarekliportretebi da ara paralelurad, rogorc mosalodneli iyo. am gziT miRweulia mravalSianoba, erTgvari mravalganzomilebianobac, TiTqos mxatvruli kolaJis xerxsac iyenebs mwerali, rodesac misi avtoportretis calkeuli nakvTebi masSi ganzavebuli, gaTqvefili sxva saxeebis SexamebiT iqmneba da erT mTlian samyarod warmosdgeba, msgavsad feradi nakuwebisgan Sekerili Zveli sabnisa. es siWrelis da fantasmagoriuli saxeebis, erTi SexedviT, xelSesaxebi winapirobebisa da logikuri bmulebis gareSe warmoqmnili Sinagani, faruli erTianoba da moulodnelad mtkice urTierTkavSiri arcaa gasakviri, radgan, SesaZloa, Soreulad, magram mainc naira gelaSvilis samyaroSi mogzauroba raRaciT hgavs luis keroliseuli alisas saocrebaTa qveyanaSi xetials. ra Tqma unda, ara fantasmagoriulobiT an fantaziis alogikurobiT, aramed swored im saswaulis ganwyobiT, ro-

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melic patara adamians dahyveba Tan did samyaroSi. naira gelaSvilis romanSi piriqiT yvelaferi zusti, logikuri, dalagebuli, gaanalizebuli da gaazrebulia, magram portretebSi, romlebic masTan erTad, mis Semdagenel calkeul detalebad da elementebad airekla sarkis natexebSi, Cans survili, rom Txroba daemorCilos ara garkveul mizans, aramed am saxeebSi gacocxldes monatreba, siyvaruli, sevda, dardi, faruli sisuste da kvlav fexze wamosadgomad saWiro uecari Zala, mwuxarebis naTeli da masTan gamklavebis rTuli gza, sicocxlis da sikvdilis ganuyofeli, erTiani SegrZneba. mamis, dedis, papebis, gansakuTrebiT bebiis _ elene gogiCaiSvilis portreti srulad warmoaCens am romanis arss: es erTi Tavi, romelic bebias sicocxles da sikvdils aRwers, TiTqos Semcirebuli modelia mTeli romanisa da mis struqturas aireklavs, rogorc wveTi okeanes _ masSi mocemulia sruliad realuri, dokumenturi masala, aRwerilia adamiani, rogorc pirovneba, daxatulia misi cocxali saxe, TviTmyofadi xasiaTi, portrets fonad udevs epoqa, romelSic cxovrobda es adamiani, magram umTavresi mainc is grZnobaa, romelsac aRZravs bebia _ mZafri, Tbili, dauviwyari. swored xsovnis da siyvarulis grZnobebia, romlebic sikvdilis mijnis iqiT da aqeT ganuyoflad, ganuSoreblad aerTianebs adamianebs _ cocxlebs da mkvdrebs. aseve Zalian mniSvnelovania, rom am romans gaaCnia mZafri socialuri planic, romelic, TiTqos, erTi SexdviT, arc Tu ise mkveTria. miuxedavad imisa, rom nawarmoebis mravalSrianoba eWvs ar iwvevs, mainc SeiZleba gaCndes gancda, rom aq mocemulia, aRwrilia mxolod adamianis sulSi TviTCaRrmavebis, drois grZnobieri xatis Seqmnis procesi, warmodgenilia erTgvari fsiqologiuri eqsperimenti, romelic didi warmatebiT dagvirgvinda yovelgvari konkretuli problematikis gaanalizebis gareSec. magram empiriuli droisa da sivrcis Semavsebeli movlenebi da parametrebi pirobiTia. SegrZneba, rom isini mxolod sulis portretis mkrTali fonis rols asruleben, moCvenebiTia, gansakuTrebiT Txrobis Semdgom etapebze, rodesac bavSvis zrdasTan erTad mis samyaroSi Semodis epoqa, dro, misi Tanmxlebi tragikuli (mamis sikvdili) da mankieri movlenebiT (skola, mTxrobelis

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mozardobisdroindeli Tbilisi). swored aq Cans, rom sruliad komkretuli garemo ar aris mxolod poetur-grZnobieri saxeebis SeqmnisaTvis saxarbielo impulsi da mkrTali foni, aramed aris is, rasTan momarTebaSic da rasTan gamklavebis rTul gzazec Camoyalibda moazrovne da Semoqmedi adamiani, romelmac SeZlo daewera aseTi poeturi, uSiSari da zusti wigni adamianis sulsa da mis droze. bavSvi izrdeba da gare samyaro aRaraa saocrebaTa qveyana, xan mSvenieri, xan saSineli, magram saswauliTa da Sesacnobis amaRelevebeli silamaziT savse. is ukve bevr rames xvdeba, Tavis saxels arqmevs da mkacradac akritikebs. sabWoTa sistemis, ideolgizebuli skolis, ormagi da farisevluri moralis winaaRmdeg mwifdeba Sinagani ajanyeba, romlis Zalasa da mniSvnelobas ufrosebi albaT ver acnobierebdnen da saTanadod verc Seafasebdnen, magram is marTlac damangreveli da gamanadgurebeli aRmoCnda sabolood _ mozardis gulSi daingra, gaufasurda, miwasTan gasworda da sasacilo, ubadruki gaxda yvelaferi, rasac naZaladevi moralis da siyalbis beWdi azis. adamianis arsebobis im etapze, romelsac mwerali aRwers, es amboxi Camouyalibebli, bavSvuri da gulubryviloa da gamoixateba `saeWvo~ kafeSi stumrobiT, ucxos, gansxvavebulis (amidoRlisofaTis, ùcxod~ qceuli Tanaklaselis) SeZlebisdagvarad araucxod, Tavisad SegrZnebiT, skandaluri da saocari medea meburiSvilis _ CarCoebis msxvrevis, Tavisuflebis tragikuli, winaaRmdegobrivi simboblos _ anarekli-portretiT, maswavleblisa da megobris mSoblis groteskuli saxeebiT, magram es namdvilad aris gabatonebuli ideologiis siyalbis da propagandistuli kliSeebis winaaRmdeg Sinagani janyi, romelic, rogorc Cans, Semdeg permanentul xasiaTs miiRebs da rogorc skulptori Seqmnis mwerals-meamboxes, romelic mudam eZiebs, ganicdis da amxilebs kidec: oficiozs, ugulo adamianebs, daundobel sofels, romelic soflis saTamaSod aqcevs misgan gansxvavebul sust adamians, Tundac is iseTi uwyinari da naTeli iyos, rogoric iloa (`soflis saTamaSo da didi kaci~), farisevluri moralis tyveobaSi moqceul sazogadoebas da eklesiasac ki (èlvis presli~, `Savi yava~ da èklesia~).

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naira gelaSvilis teqsti mwerlis ostatobiTaa aRsaniSnavi. is xatavs suraTs, aZlevs grZnobas formas, fers, siTbos, TiTqos xeliT SeiZleba Seexo da igrZno misi zedapiri, faqtura, TrTolva. es iSviaTi unaria, romelsac SeuZlia yvelaferi, rac sityviT gadmoicema, udanakargod gadaitanos da gaacocxlos mkiTxvelis warmosaxvaSi da albaT swored es detalebis simZafre da sicocxlea namdvili prozis erT-erTi mTavari maxasiaTebeli. nebismieri saxe: xuTi lurji yvavili, saxlis fanjrebi, lekvi akbara, sizmari Tu isevdaisev mistiuri sarkeebi saocar idumal da, rac mTavaria, bunebriv kavSirs kraven erTmaneTTan da teqstis samyaro erTgvari matrica xdeba, romlis mixedviTac, SesaZloa, man, vinc guliT da mTeli gancdiT waikiTxa da dainaxa es sarkis namsxvrevebSi areklili sicocxlis surTebi, TviTonac moZebnos aseTi Sinagani kavSirebi, saxeebi da mweralTan erTad mixvdes, ukve Tavis sakuTar samyaroSi aRmoaCinis garemomcvelisa da Sinaganis erTianoba, calkeuli nivTebis, sagnebis, saxeebis da maTi sulieri anareklebis ganuyofloba, sicocxlis da sikvdilis, realurisa da miRmuris mTlianoba, faqotbrivad _ erTidaigiveoba. teqstSi Cans pirovnebis zrdis da Camoyalibebis gza, yofis, arsebobis erTian, ubzaro kldeSi mwerlis daJinebuli mcdelobiT TandaTan ikveTeba safexurebi, romlebze aRmasvlac xvews suls, ayalibebs TviTmyofad xedvas, xasiaTs, zneobas, msoflmxedvelobas. vfiqrob, romanis pirvel nawilSi, pirobiTad Tu gavyofT, pirvel or mesamedSi, es procesi Zalian bunebrivad Cans da miedineba, ise rom, miuxedavad Sesustebuli fabulisa, Txroba erTian nakadad warmosdgeba da saxeebis uwyvet rigad gadadis warmosaxvaSi. magram Semdeg, roca mwerali ukve bevrad gvindel, ase vTqvaT, zrdasruli asakis movlenebsa da ambebs aRwers, vfiqrob, es Sinagani ritmi da Txrobis mTlianoba irRveva, qreba is meditaciurobis gancdac, romelic bavSvobis suraTebSi Canda, mTxrobeli TiTqos Cqarobs, rom yvelaferi Tqvas, moaswros, ganmartos, gaagebinis mkiTxvels, romelic, savaraudod, mis Tanamedroved da kargad informirebuladaa nagulisxmevi da amitom masTan kargad nacnobi da gasagebi ambebis swrafad, fragmentulad da arasrulad ganxilvis SesaZleblobas gulis siRrmeSi mainc

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uSvebs mTxrobeli. am dros ki, Cemi azriT, SedarebiT fermkrTaldeba da ikargeba is emocia, araCveulebrivis, saswaulis, zRaprulisa da mistikuris gancda, romelic am wignis realistur sivrces saocari naTebiTa da ocnebis feriT avsebs, Tumca, SesaZloa, im pasaJebs momavalSi hqondeT didi mniSneloba, rogorc epoqis sulieri cxovrebis fragmentebs, dokumenetebs. Tumca mwerals garkveul momentSi ipyrobs SiSi Tavisi tqstis mimarT, radgan grZnobs, im pasuxismgeblobas, romelic ekisreba avtobiografiuli nawarmoebis avtors. is xom ar dasjerda xsovnis da gancdis Tavisuflebas da saxeobrivi struqtura dokumentrurobis tvirTiT daamZima: àxla isRa damrCenia, Tu movaxexeb, es teqsti daviviwyo, es sulieri natexebi Cemi sarkuli mexsierebisa, egeb isev davubruno sizuste imas, rac ase TavisTvis, ase bunebrivad-bundovnad sunTqavda siRrmeSi, sisxliviT, wyaliviT ukve yvelgan iyo, yvela ujredSi da Tvinierad ahyveboda xolme usityvo mogonebis naz mTvares: sulis miqceva-moqcevasaviT. unda daviviwyo da vTqva: erideT avtobiografiul teqstebs!~ (gv. 209). Tumca es gafrTxileba albaT mainc ritorikulia, radgan Cven vxedavT, rom sarkis natexebma Seasrules TavianTi didi misia _ airekles samyaro, romelic mxolod mwerlis sulSi arsebobs, mweralma ki SeZlo, rom is, rac mis sulSia, sakuTari, axlobeli da gasagebi gaexada imaTTvisac, visi saxe, Tvalebi, fiqrebi da suli yovlismomcveli didi da maradiuli sarkis orive, aqeTa da iqiTa, mxares erTnairad TrTis da irekleba: `sarke, romelSic yvela da yvelaferi Cans, isic, rac Cinaria: rasac sxeuli aRara aqvs, da arc hqonia: sulebi, mkvdrebi, landebi, aCrdilebi, dasabadebelni... Cans is, rac aris, rac aRar aris, rac ar yofila, rac jer ar aris, rac iqneba... sarke, romelSic yvelani vCanvarT da sadac aravis Cagvixedia, es sarke saerTod ar dagvinaxavs...

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sarke, romelic TviTon Cans Tavis TavSi... sarke, romelic Tavad sizustea, anu romelSic iseTi Canxar, rogoric xar, rogoric ver gaxdi, an gaxdi, rogoric SeiZleboda yofiliyavi... arc meti, arc naklebi... sarke, romelsac CarCo ara aqvs... radgan is yvelaferia...~ (gv. 209).

damowmebani: gelaSvili 1999: gelaSvili n. avtobiografiuli metismetad avtobiografiuli. Tb.: `kavkasiuri saxli~, 1999.

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sofo wulaia

daviT qarTveliSvilis `TvalTvali xelovnebisTvis~, anu rogor mokvda da gacocxlda avtori jer RmerTis (nicSe), mogvianebiT ki avtoris sikvdiliT (barti) spekulireba, Zalauneburad da samwuxarod, imis aRiarebasac gulisxmobs, rom samyaroSi aRar arseboben avtoritetebi... aseT dros, Zalian didi Sansia, egocentrul, sakuTar Tavsa da niWze uzomod Seyvarebul Semoqmeds, avtoris, anu sakuTari Tavis sikvdilTan Segueba ufro gauWirdes, vidre imis aRiareba, rom RmerTi da samyaro erTmaneTisgan damoukideblad arseboben, rom samyarosTvis RmerTi mokvda, Tumca, WeSmariti Semoqmedi da avtoriteti sakuTar sikvdils arasodes Seurigdeba da maSinac ki, Tu sxvebi ZaliT moklaven, jiutad ganagrZobs sicocxles sikvdilis Semdeg. arsebobs sityvaTa wyvilis _ àvtori mokvda~ _ gaazrebis, interpretirebis araerTi variacia _ infantiluri, pragmatuli, mistikuri, utrirebuli, damajerebeli, naklebad damajerebeli, argumetirebuli da naklebad argumentirebuli, TiToeulis miReba-armiReba ki adamianis gemovnebas, mrwamss, inteleqts, ideologiasa da TviT pirovnul Tvisebebzec kia damokidebuli... Tumca, faqtia, yvelafris gaTvaliswinebiTac ki, koncept `sikvdils~, Znelia, movuZebnoT pozitiuri mniSvneloba _ saerTo jamSi, sityvis energetikac da semantikac, uaryofiTi konteqstis, uaryofiTi emociis matarebelia, magram Tavis droze mis dadebiT konteqstSi gaazrebasac cdilobdnen. dRevandeli gadasaxedidan, imis SemCneva rTuli namdvilad ar aris, rom avtoris mkvleloba da TviTmkvleloba iyo erTgvari eqsperimenti, romelmac ar gaamarTla da amitom, TiTqmis Caiara, Tumca, sanam Caivlida, sakmaod saintereso da arc ise mokle gza gaiara. rogor kvdeba avtori, rogor transformireba Semoqmedidan personaJamde da samsaxureobrivi termini rom vixmaroT, ras niSnavs es transformireba SemoqmedisTvis _

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`CamoqveiTebas~, Tu `dawinaurebas~, `gaufrosmecnierTanamSomlebas~, Tu `Camolaborantebas~? daviT qarTveliSvilis moTxroba `TvalTvali xelovnebisTvis~ cnobili postmodernistuli kiTxvisTvis pasuxis gacemis mcdelobad SeiZleba aRviqvaT, Tu avtoris erT-erT interviusac gaviTvaliswinebT, sadac igi irwmuneba, rom nawarmoebSi mTavari ideaa da mxolod Semdeg _ ambavi, Tamamad SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom am teqstis mizani postmodernizmis Teoriuli maxasiaTeblebis (Tundac, maxasiaTeblis) literaturuli ilustrirebis, misi literaturul teqstSi gacocxlebis erTgvari mcdelobaa, Tan sakmaod saintereso da warmatebuli mcdeloba, Tundac imitom, rom tradiciulad, Teoria saubrobs literaturul teqstze, am SemTxvevaSi ki teqsti saubrobs Teoriaze da mis mTavar maxasiaTeblebs ikvlevs. moTxrobis amosavali wertilia postmodernis yvelaze popularuli determinanti _ àvtori mokvda~, romelic cnobil frang litetaturis Teoretikosa da kritikoss, rolan barts ekuTvnis. amasTan, moTxroba sulac ar aris postmodernistuli. avtoris azriT, postmoderni, rogorc mimdinareoba, rogorc kulturuli fenomeni, warsulis sakuTrebaa da Tanamedrove literaturis momavali art-hausia, romelic, post-modernistuli nawarmoebisgan gansxvavebiT, im upiratesobas flobs, rom bevrad analitikuri da siRrmiseulia. literaturuli teqsti cocxali organizmiviTaa, moZravi, emociuri, energetikuli muxtis matarebeli, cvalebadi da gansxvavebulad aRqmadi... mkiTxvelic sxvadasxva asaksa da socialur garemoSi, gansxvavebulad aRiqvams ersa da imave teqsts. literaturis Teoria mdorea, uryevi da ucvleli, emociebsac naklebad iwvevs, iracionalurs aracionalurebs _ rac teqstSi damaluli saidumlo kodebis gaSifvris mcdelobiT gamoixateba, amasTan, Tanmimdevrulia, gamoricxvis principiT moqmedebs, gansxvavebul versiebs amuSavebs, rom saboloo Sedegi, anu daskvna damajerebeli da sando iyos, yvelafers Teoriuli TeoremebiTa da aqsiomebiT anmtkicebs, romlebic wlebis ganmavlobaSi muSavdeboda da myardeboda, mokled rom vTqvaT _ argumentirebulia. daviT qarTveliSvilic, cnobili Teoretikosebis msgavsad, iwyebs imis gaanalizebas, rac frazas _ àvtori mokvda~ _

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udevs safuZvlad. misTvis damaxasiaTebeli erTgvari lirikuli gadaxvevebis _ Txrobis dros moulodnelad teqstSi SeWrili Senakadebis saSualebiT, sakuTar Teorias ayalibebs imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ra aris sikvdili, rom sabolood gansazRvros, ras niSnavs avtoris sikvdili da dadebiT fenomenTan gvaqvs saqme Tu uaryofiTTan. sikvdili teqstis meorexarisxovani da amavdroulad, pirvelxarisxovani personaJia. igi yvelganaa, mixedavad imisa, rom nawarmoebSi gansazRvrul drosa da sivrceSi aravin kvdeba. `garantirebuli mxolod sikvdilia~ _ vkiTxulobT erTgan. es avtoris aforistuli gamonaTqvamia, romelic samyaros arss ukavSirdeba _ erTdroulad mtkivneulic da sruli WeSmaritebac. am SemTxvevaSi aravin Semedaveba, rom sikvdili borotebis mantiaSia gaxveuli da uaryofiTi konteqstis matarebelia, avtoris mxridan koncept `sikvdilis~ analizic uaryofiTi Wrilisken ixreba, magram maleve Cndeba egziuperis cnobili aforizmis _ `yvelani bavSvobidan movdivarT~ _ avtoriseuli gaazrebac: `sent-egziuperis am aforizmSi samyaros da sicocxlis struqturaa mocemuli, arsebobs Zalian mniSvnelovani moazrovneebis Teoriebi imis Sesaxeb, rom samyaros da sicocxlis struqtura dairRveva da sicocxle daiwyeba sikvdilidan, ase rom, momavlis patara princi SekiTxvaze `saidan modixar~? upasuxebs: `sikvdilidan~. am SemTxvevaSi sikvdili gardatexis, ganaxlebis, axlis dawyebis gamomxatvelia, romelic aucileblad sicocxliT gagrZeldeba. opoziciuri wyvili: `sikvdili-sicocxle~ erT mTlianobad gaiazreba, bartis mosazrebac axlebur interpretacias, axal semantikur mniSvelobas iZens, daaxloebiT aseTs: avtoris sikvdili dasasruli ki ara, dasawyisia axali literaturuli procesisa, axali literaturuli mimdinareobisa, axali literaturuli Janrisa, stilisa... moTxrobaSi paralelurad arsebobs yofiTi situaciis amsaxveli literaturuli teqsti axlgazrda mweralze, romelsac mxolod survili aqvs, rom weros da TviTonac xvdeba, rom marto survili ar kmara, rom mis mier bavSvobaSi dawerili da literaturul portalze ganTavsebuli ramdenime moTxroba arafers niSnavs. arSemdgari mwerali sareklamo saagentoSi muSaobs rigiT TanamSromlad da sagnebis

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gayidviTaa dakavebuli, isic sxvebiviT gvpirdeba, rom konkretul sagnebTan erTad bednierebis yidvac SegviZlia, magram Cven, momxmareblebi, bednierebis yidvis surviliT Sepyrobilebi, mxolod sagnebs vyidulobT. zogjer wignebic gvpirdebian bednierebas, magram wignebs vyidulobT, isev bednierebis yidvis surviliT Sepyrobilni (sityva Sepyrobils èb~-iani mravlobiTi ar uxdeba) da vakeTebT maT koleqcias, Taroebs feradi wignebiT vavsebT, bedniereba ki arsad Cans... arSemdgari mwerlis uferul realobas xandaxan aferadebs ocneba literaturul konkursSi gamarjvebaze, magram gamarjvebis mxolod survilia, moTxroba ki, romelmac unda gaimarjvos, jer ar dawerila... ...da isev Senakadis saxiT iWreba sikvdili: `bavSvisTvis sityva `daixrCobi~ arafrismTqmeli sityvaa, iseve, rogorc sityva `sikvdili~, Tumca, yvelam viciT, rom bavSvebic ixrCobian da ixocebian. yvelaze samwuxaro ki is aris, rom bavSvebsac klaven~, rasac mosdevs tragikuli scena, rogor damarxes afxazeTis omSi erT ormoSi uamravi bavSvi da sikvdili ukve apokalifsad, yvelaze did ubedurebad aRiqmeba. igi am epizodis mixedviT, sicocxlis dammarcxebeli urCxulis mantiaSia gaxveuli. tragedias postmodernistuli TamaSi enacvleba, romelic yvelaze sazareli, amazrzeni saTamaSoTi _ sikvdiliT iwyebs TamaSs. sasaflaoze datrialebuli scena finalis gareSe, iaffasian, sentimentalur triukad, finaluri epizodis gaTvaliswinebiT ki _ udides tragediad aRiqmeba da erTgvari kritikac ki igrZnoba im postmodernistuli literaturuli teqstebisa, romlebSic avtorebi sikvdiliT TamaSsac ar eridebian. mxolod imitom, rom dawero, yuradReba miiqcio, bavSvis sikvdilis inscenireba uzneobaa, iseve, rogorc uzneobaa 37 welze JargoniT, sxvis siwmindeebze ki _ skabrezis eniT saubari, tragediebiT spekulireba, tragediis SefuTva-gayidva da postmodernistuli qirqili imaze, rac sasacilo da gasarTobi sulac ar aris... avtori(tetic)c uars amobobs aseTi moTxrobis daweraze, is sxvisi moTxrobis personaJi xdeba, `me personaJi var da ara avtori~ _ ambobs ukanasknel frazas da swored es fraza xdis fardas

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teqstis ZiriTad saTqmels. mokvda avtori, romelic TamaSobs, is avtori ki, romelic `TvalTvalsa~ da `meTvalyureobas~ antonimur wyvilad aRiqvams, radgan erTi TanagrZnobasa da Tanadgomas, meore ki ubralod dakvirvebas gamoxatavs; romelic xvdeba, rom marto sakuTar Tavze ki ara, sxva adamianebzec unda weros; romelic, rogorc ki realur ubedurebas gadaawydeba, maSinve wyvets TvalTvals da axali moTxrobis daweraze uars ambobs, uars amobobs weros postmodernistuli teqstebi _ sakuTari nebiT klavs sakuTar TavSi gulgril moTamaSes, rac imas niSnavs, rom igi verasdros dawerda postmodernistul teqstebs da Tu odesme mainc dawera, udides winaaRmdegobaSi aRmoCndeba sakuTar TavTan, mrwamsTan, es misi Sinagani mdgomareobis gamomxatveli ar iqneba, Sesabamisad, literatura dakargavs yvelas mniSvnelovans misTvis _ gulwrfelobasa da simarTles. avtori mkiTxvels moatyuebs da bunebrivia, matyuara verasodes gaxdeba avtoriteti... daviT qarTveliSvils Tu davujerebT, postmodernma amowura sakuTari Tavi da avtoric, romelic ver xalisobs sxvis ubedurebaze, kvlav iwyebs gacocxlebas imitom, rom misi dro damdgara. Mmokvdeba mxolod is, vinc sxvebis ubedurebaze xmamaRla icinoda da romelic ver gaxda avtoriteti mkiTxvelisTvis. ase rom, avtoris sikvdili, am gagebiT, dadebiTi konteqstia da ara uaryofiTi, mokvda mxolod is avtori, romelic `RmerTi mokvdadan~ amoizarda, axali avtori ki, romlisTvisac RmerTi jer cocxalia, Tamamad ganagrZobs sicocxles droebiTi sikvdilis? ara, sikvdilis ki ara, _ droebiTi SemoqmedebiTi pauzis Semdeg.

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kultura

amiran arabuli

`mZlevari~ da `mkvdarTa mze~ _ ori qveynis, ori samyaros mekavSireni xalxur sityvierebaSi weliwadis droTa cikluri monacvleobis bunebrivi procesis Tanmdevi gadaadgileba, frinvelTa erTi nawilisTvis rom dauweria da dauwesebia gangebas, xalxur msoflxedvaSi farTo masStabis kosmiur gaazrebas iZens da calsaxad mowmobs miTosuri siuJetebis mTxzvelTa mxatvruli warmosaxvis unapirobas. calkeul sferoebad, areebad Tu segmentebad danawevrebuli empiriuli samyaros statikur uZraobas feradovan Strixsa da sicocxlis niSats mateben is sulieri arsebani, romelTa mowodeba da funqciuri datvirTva daSoriSorebuli sivrculi mocemulobebis Suamavlobasa da mekavSireobaSi mdgomareobs. adamianis Semwe frTosnebs Soris TavianTi sakraluri misiiT gamoirCevian guguli da mercxali. isini morbedebad, gazafxulis maxaroblebad gvevlinebian da TavisTavSi samyarouli komunikabelobis xelSemwyob keTil Zalebs asaxiereben. am TvalsazrisiT mercxlisa da gugulis rigSive moiazreba kidev erTi àqtiuri~ frinveli, e.w. `saჴnaura~ (dialeqtebSi: ùrnata~, `maჴnava~, `guTnis-Cita~, `ჴar-wina~...). samive maTgani, Tavis mxriv, `mZlevrad~ aris saxeldebuli arcTu mravalricxovan zepir Tu werilobiT wyaroebSi. arqauli azrovnebis elementebiT gajerebul narativebSi xarisxobrivad da, gnebavT, mentalurad, gansxvavebul or samyaros Sua mimoiqceva da Tavis ucvalebel movaleobas asrulebs daRlili RmerTis astralur saxesTan asocirebuli dRis mnaTobi, romelsac fSavSi `mkvdarTa mzes~ uwodeben. eTnografiul werilSi `fSavlebi~ vaJa aRniSnavs: `fSavlis warmodgeniT saiqio qveynis SuagulSi aris. saiqios is

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eZaxis `SaveTs~. SaveTSi marTalni arian mkrTals naTelSi. es naTeli ise aqvs warmodgenili fSavels, rogorc Casulis mzis axlad gamqrali sxivebi mTis wverebzed; yvelam icis, rom mTis wverebi cotad-Ra arian am dros wiTlebi. amas fSaveli eZaxis `mkvdarTa mzes~ (vaJa-fSavela, Txz., t.VII, Tb.,1956, gv.16). `mkvdarTa mze~, iseve rogorc `mSvenieri mZlevari~, mudmiv moZraobasa da mimosvlaSia. rogorc pirvelis, ise meoris samoqmedo sivrce realur da warmosaxviT, sagnobriv da irealur ganzomilebebs moicavs da cxadad mianiSnebs maT mkvidr adgils da prioritetul mdgomareobas mTielTa ZvelTuZveles rwmena-warmodgenebSi... mZlevari Semodgomaze Tbil qveyanaSi mifrinvs, xolo daTbobisTanave ukan brundeba da adriani gazafxulidan vidre acivebamde meurne xalxTan erTad inawilebs mzis sxivTa wyalobasa Tu bunebis movlenebis risxvas. am keTilxmovani saxelis semantikuri Sinaarsi misiT aRsaniSn arsebaTa uneblie qmedebis magiur xasiaTSi hpovebs saTaves: fSav-xevsureTSi swamdaT, rom vinc diliT ùnawilo~ anu uzmo saxlidan gavidoda, maTgan daiZleoda. `gazafxulze, gugulis mosvlis dro rom moaxlovdeboda, yvela cdilobda, guguls ar daeZlia, e.i. diliT unayros ar gaegona misi xma. Tu guguli puruWmels Zaxils daaswrebda, im zafxuls adamiani dasustdeboda. amitom loginidan adgomisTanave lukmas Caidebdnen pirSi. Tu Wamis Semdeg gaigonebdnen gugulis Zaxils, dauZaxebdnen: `gugulo, miZlevixaro~. Tu guguls xeze mjdomares SeniSnavdnen, Cumad mieparebodnen im xes da mis patara tots kbiliT mokvnetavdnen, Tan guguls dauZaxebdnen: `gugulo, Rala mogpare, do sqeli, karaq mravali~. am sityvebs samjer gaimeorebdnen. xis qerqs waiRebdnen saxlSi da rZis sadRvebels Seabamdnen. es iyo simbolo baraqianobisa. am saqmes axalgazrdebs avalebdnen~ (levan boZaSvili, fSavi da fSavelebi, Tb.,1988, gv.90). da maxsendeba gulqan razikaSvilis naTqvami leqsi, gasuli saukunis 90-iani wlebis zamTarSi rom Seageba CargalSi masTan sasaubrod asul stumars:

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vimZlevimca xar, mercxalo, moxvedi, WikWikelao, gamarjvebisamc iqneba Seni aq gadmofrenao...

guguli gazafxulis myolad, mxleblad da, mercxlisgan gansxvavebiT, marcvleulis patronad iTvleboda mTaSi. daZaxeba daswrebaze iyo da xeze Semomjdars rom dainaxavdnen, ase mimarTavdnen: gugulo, Rala mogpare doxSiri, karaqmravali...

`roca gugul movas, foTlobis dros, maSin dedakac an kac tyeSi wava, gatitvldeba im xis ZirSi, sadac guguli zis da samjer unda gauaros xes da mosTvalos: `gugutav, Rala mogpare, do bevri, karaqmravali~. Tu ar gafrinda guguli, bevri rZe-karaq eqneba. amoTlis patara qerqs da mowvelil rZeSi Caagdebs~ (g. Citaia, Sr., III, Tb., 2001, gv. 329 .1929 wlis xevsureTis eqspediciis dRiuri). samive mZlevari _ guguli, mercxali da saჴnaura _ gazafxulis dadgomasTan, mcenareulis mkvdreTiT aRdgomasTan, sicocxlis ganaxlebasTan aris dakavSirebuli, ris gamo vegetatiur RvTaebebTan maT genetikur siaxloveze miuTiTeben. sainteresoa `saჴnauras~ meorenairi saxeli _ ùrnata~. esaa Sav-TeTriT Wreli Citi, romelic gazafxulobiT naxnavis kvlebSi Cndeba da sakvebs daeZebs. naxnavis kvali xom igive òrnatia~ (`qarTlis cxovrebis~ leqsikiT: `...ganpebasa Sina ornatTasa Tamaris qebasa meleqseobdian...~) da vinaidan `saჴnaura~ (xvnasaTan dakavSirebuli frTosani) yanaSi, yamirsa Tu narbilSi gavlebuli kvalis moumcdari stumaria, amitomac darqmevia mas ùrnata~. mZlevarTan mimarTebaSi cxadad ikveTeba fundamenturi binaruli opoziciebi: zamTari _ gazafxuli; sicive _ siTbo; samzeo _ miwisqveSeTi... guguli, mercxali da urnata, msgavsad `mkvdarTa mzisa~, periodulad Tvals efarebian, uCinardebian, pirobiTad, sxva _ kacTaTvis uxilav _ qveyanaSi mifrinaven, raTa, dadgeba Tu ara mkvdruli mdumarebidan bunebis gamosvlis Sesa-

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ferisi Jami, SuasknelSi dabrundnen da RvTiT dadgenili misiis Sesruleba ganagrZon. uRran tyeSi xarobs wiTeli feris yvavili, romelsac fSavlebi `gugulis kabas~ eZaxian. vaJa-fSavelas erT moTxrobaSi swored es yvavili uxmobs da elis Tavis mosaxeles: `sada xar, mSveniero mZlevaro? sada xar, Cemo turfa patrono, gugulo?~ (Txz., t.VII, Tb.,1964). Tamaz Cxenkelma miaqcia yuradReba im garemoebas, rom àrxotSi gazafxulis momyvani guguli calTvalaa~ (T. Cxenkeli, mSvenieri mZlevari, Tb., 1989, gv. 26). mkvlevarma iqve aRniSna: `guguls Tvali mindim gamosTxara da am mxriv igi devebisTvis Tvalis gamomTxrel da Tvalis momparav RvTisSvilebs enaTesaveba...~ marTalTa qveynidan samSobloSi mimaval xogais mindis calTvala guguli megzurobs. is, am aspeqtiT, wyvdiadiT moculi usixarulo qvesknelidan amiranis amomyvani faskunjis funqciamonacvlea. gugulebis ZiriTadi samyofeli, miTologiuri gadmocemis Tanaxmad, zerealuri qveyanaa, romlis sazRvarTan wyali dis da gadalaxaven Tu ara am wyals, cidakacebad iqcevian, xolo rodesac TavianTi qveynidan midian da mdinaris meore napirze gadavlen, isev frTosnebis aRes ibruneben... ase rom maTTvis arc metamorfozis, gardasaxvis, sxva sulier arsebad gardaqmnis saswaulebrivi unari yofila ucxo da ucadi. isini am niSniTac enaTesavebian lokalur RvTaebebs, igive RvTisSvilebs, romelTac SeswevT saimiso Zala da madli, Seqmnili mdgomareobis karnaxiT icvalon ieri, garegnoba da iolad daaRwion Tavi mZime gansacdels... naivurma xalxurma warmodgenam imis Sesaxeb, rom suleTi bevri ramiT saaqaos msgavsia, mis Targzea mowyobili da gardacvlilTa mudamdRiuri moTxovnilebani cocxalTa saarsebo survilebis Sesabamisia, warmosaxvismieri imqveyniuri yofis esTetizireba ganapiroba. samoTxis folkloruli xati sxva araferia, Tu ara saamo da sasurveli sinamdvilis Tvalwarmtaci oreuli. garda imisa, rom saiqios samudamo binadarT àdgilsa mas mwvanilovansa~ arc veSawyaro uSrebaT da `RvTis ulufac~ daugvianeblad eZlevaT, maT RmerTic `sakuTari~ hyavT,

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RmerTi, romelic suliwmidaTa saimsoflo wesrigs amyarebs, icavs da inarCunebs. sulis TvaliT saxilvel upirovno transcendentul Zalas amgvarad emudareba xmiT motirali: suleTis RmerTo, madliano, mamec nebai saubrisao, gamamacxade samzeosao, Sen amaZraxe samzeurTao...

imisda miuxedavad, rom gardacvlilTa epiTetad ùmzeurnic~ gvxvdeba samgloviaro poeziaSi, maTTvis mainc anaTebs mcxrali, moRaluli mnaTobi, romelsac, rogorc ukve aRiniSna, `mkvdarTa mze~ ewodeba mTiel mTxrobelTa folklorul repertuarSi... es is ucnauri, ase vTqvaT, aratrivialuri mzea, RvTisnasaxTa axovani mxedrebis, mistebisa da meomrebis sulTaxdis wuTebSi wiTlad rom cxreba, ileva da mTaTa mwvervalebsac alisfrad Rebavs: xogais mindi kvdeboda, mze wiTldeboda, cxreboda...

mkvdarTa mze, rogorc Tamaz Cxenkeli ganmartavs, igive Rameuli mzea, romelic mis `wil~ micvalebulTan erTad Sedis SaveTSi, raTa dilis dadgomisTanave kvlav aRdges mkvdreTiT da Tavisi samisdReSio funqcia Seasrulos. mkvdarTa mze mxolod netari, marTali, Rirseuli sulebisTvis anaTebs SaveTis Suaguls. da, sxvaTaSoris, garda qarTveli mTielebisa, aseve fiqrobdnen Trakieli getebi... saxismetyvelebiTi miTosuri azrovnebis iseTi uCveulo da am uCveulobiT uaRresad metyveli sintagma, rogoricaa `mkvdarTa mze~, ar SeiZleboda erovnul fesvebze amozrdil qarTvel SemoqmedTa gonsawieris miRma darCeniliyo. da savsebiT bunebrivia misi wamieri gaelveba Tu SeyovnebiT gamoCena baCanas poeziaSi (`...mTebzed mkvdarT mzeni hqrebian...~); giorgi SatberaSvilis moTxrobaSi `mkvdris mze~ (`...erTma SubaTelma berikacma amixsna: mkvdris mze imaTTvis aSuqebs, vinc Rirseulad kvdebao...~); ana kalandaZis leqsis `mkvdarTa mze var~ striqonebSi (òri qveynis, ori

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qveynis sazRvrad vdgevar, gulo, risad mexurebi, sxivmimkrTali, sxivmimkvdari mkvdarTa mze var, Cems sxivebSi JivJiveben beRurebi...~) poliTematurobiT aRbeWdili qarTuli miTologiis sazRvrul samyaroSi, rogorc vxedavT, ikveTeba kidev erTi siuJeturi birTvi Tu waxnagi: ormagoba da orbunebovneba `mSvenieri mZlevarisa~ da `mkvdarTa mzisa~, or sknelSi moarul RvTaebaTa hipostasebisa, romelTac (da es Semdgomi kvlevis sagania) bevri ram akavSirebT iseT popularul folklorul personaJebTan, rogorebic arian amirani, kopala, iaxsari, pirquSi, xogais mindi da xaxmatis xatis _ giorgi naRvarmSvenieris mkadre gaxua megrelauri.

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Tamar CixlaZe

Zveli wignTsacavebidan virtualur biblioTekebamde Cveni civilizaciisa da kulturis mimarT, cota ar iyos, undoblobiT ganwyobilebs, axali teqnologiebi da virtualuri samyaro mraval Tavsatexs gviCens. kompiuteris mier adamianis Secvlis SiSiT Sebyrobilni, vcdilobT, zogi ram Zveli da tradiciuli SevinarCunoT, maT Soris _ nabeWdi wigni, romelic Tvalsa da xel Sua Rirebulebas kargavs da qreba. wigni erTiani kulturuli fenomenia. mis xelovnebas mravalsaukunovani istoria aqvs. wignis warmoSoba da Semdgomi cvlileba sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis ganviTarebis mraval aspeqts ukavSirdeba: sarwmunoebrivsa Tu politikurs, socialur urTierTobebsa Tu saganmanaTleblo tendenciebs, mxatvruli azrovnebisa Tu materialuri kulturis ganviTarebas. werilobiTi kulturis istoria xSirad gansazRvravs ama Tu im eris adgils civilizaciis saerTo sistemaSi. wigni movla-Senaxvas yvela epoqaSi saWiroebda. dRis wesrigSi yovelTvis idga wignTsacavebis Seqmnisa da ganviTarebis aucilebloba. maTi istoria Cvens welTaRricxvamde 323–283 wlidan iwyeba. msoflios uZveles biblioTekad aleqsandriis biblioTekaa miCneuli, romelic sakiTxav, saswavlo, astronomiul, anatomiur da sxva ganyofilebebs moicavda. garda amisa, masSi ganTavsebuli iyo muzeumic. mas Semdeg, etapobrivad viTardeboda biblioTekaTa qseli da Sesabamisad, izrdeboda iq daculi masalebis moculobac. rac Seexeba Sua saukuneebs, mas ar uRalatia antikuri romisa da Zveli konstantinopolis tradiciebisTvis da didi yuradReba dauTmo wignTsacavebis ganviTarebas. maSindeli biblioTekebis istoria Sesisxlxorcebuli iyo eklesiamonastrebis saqmianobasTan, romlebic wignsacavebis Seqmnaze zrunavdnen. yvela eklesia-monasters Tavisi wignTsacavi hqonda. X saukuneSi ukve mowesrigebuli Cans wignebiT sargeblobis,

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maTi dacvisa da aRweris sakiTxebi. wigniT sargebloba maSin mxolod sacavSi SeiZleboda. saeklesio-samonastro cxovrebis saxelmwifoebrivma mniSvnelobam ganapiroba wignis gadawerisa da Seqmnis saqmeSi maRali feodaluri wris finansuri CarTva. wigni iqca saxelmwifoebrivi da kulturuli statusis erT-erT mTavar sayrdenad, ramac xeli Seuwyo formiT Tu daniSnulebiT gansxvavebuli xelnawerebis arsebobas, kerZod, yoveldRiuri moxmarebis samonastro wignebis paralelurad, mcire formis sabermonazvno, mdidrulad Semkuli da sagangebod akinZuli `sazeimo~ da piradi kuTvnilebis wignebis Seqmnas. eklesia-monastrebSi moRvaweobdnen xelosnur jgufebad gaerTianebuli mwignobari berebi, maT Soris `mmosvelebi~ da `mmkazvelebi~, romlebic daxelovnebuli iyvnen wignis ydis damzadebaSi. yda wignis kulturul-istoriuli Rirebulebis mniSvnelovan elements warmoadgenda da didi yuradReba eqceoda misi zedapiris damuSaveba-Semkobas. Zvirfas ydaSi Casmuli wigni Zvirad fasobda, ris gamoc misi SeZena yvelas ar xelewifeboda. qarTuli wigni msoflio civilizaciasTan erTad viTardeboda. qristianuli msoflmxedvelobis SeTvisebis mizniT, man V saukunidanve mimarTa yuradReba qristianobis umniSvnelovanesi centrebisken da Semdgomac, mTeli Sua saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi, ixveweboda Tanadroul aRmosavlur qristianul samyarosTan mWidro kulturuli kavSirebis gziT. qarTulma wignma SeiTvisa rogorc wignis SemecnebiTsaganmanaTleblo funqciis amsaxveli mdidari masala, aseve misi mxatvruli gaformebisa da sawarmoo procesebis Sesaxeb Sua saukuneebSi arsebuli codna. evropul kulturasTan kavSirma xeli Seuwyo qarTuli xelnaweri wignis gravirebisa da beWdviTi saqmis ganviTarebas. Sua saukuneebis saqarTveloSi sxvadasxva eklesia-monasterSi arsebobda cnobili wignTsacavebi: bediiis samonastro kompleqsTan, sadac mimdinareobda Zvel xelnawerTa ganaxleba-restavracia da saRvTismetyvelo wignebis Targmna, Semoqmedis monasterSi, daviT aRmaSeneblis dros, gelaTsa da ruis-urbnisSi, aTonis qarTvelTa monasterSi XIV saukunemde, vidre arabebi ar gaZarcvavdnen am qarTul savanes.

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cnobili iyo, agreTve, varZiisa da jvris monastris wignTsacavebi. aq iwereboda originaluri qarTuli Txzulebebi, berZnulidan qarTulze iTargmneboda sasuliero daniSnulebis wignebi da iqmneboda axali xelnawerebi. evropis Zveli biblioTekebis wiaRSi wignTan dakavSirebuli ara erTi operacia sruldeboda. mogvianebiT, maT ganviTarebaze zrunva universitetebsa da kolejebs daekisraT. rac Seexeba pirad biblioTekebs, isini evropis qveynebis mefeTa da didebulTa mflobelobaSi imyofeboda.. islamur samyaroSic, sadac Sereuli iyo berZnuli da arabuli kultura, xeli mihyves biblioTekebis Seqmnas. XIV saukunidan, humanizmis epoqaSi, yuradReba gamaxvilda sajaro, saero da kerZo biblioTekebze, xolo XVI saukuneSi beWdvis gamogonebam mniSvnelovnad Secvala wignTsacavebis Semcveloba. XIV saukunis bolos florencieli nikolo nikoli pirvelia, vinc sakuTar biblioTekas xelmisawvdoms xdis yvelasaTvis. aqedan moyolebuli, mTeli XV da XVI saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi mediCebis STamomavlebi biblioTekebis gamdidrebaze zrunaven. Semdeg, TandaTan mravldeba da mdidrdeba wignTsacavebi mTeli evropis masStabiT. mefeTa biblioTekebi gansakuTrebuli prestiJiT sargeblobda da saxels ixveWda. yoveli mbeWdavi valdebuli iyo, wignis TiTo egzemplari mefisTvis eboZebina. mefeTa biblioTekebs xSirad stumrobdnen ucxoeli elCebi da mogzaurebi. sxvadasxva tipis biblioTekis ganviTareba XVIII saukunis bolodan iwyeba da dRemde grZeldeba. kerZo biblioTekebi sajarod gadaiqca. maT mTavari qalaqebis centralur SenobebSi mieCina sapatio adgili. XIX saukuneSi wignTsacavebma ukve iwyes kulturaTa gacvlis sistemaSi CarTva, xolo saukunis bolodan isini realur gaumjobesebas aRweven TavianTi kataloguri da klasifikaciis sistemis SemoRebiT. amerikeli biblioTekarebi kars uReben farTo sazogadoebas da pirdapir akavSireben adamianebs nebismier dokumentTan. es Tavisufali xelmisawvdomoba male vrceldeba evropis qveynebSic. XIX saukunis bolodan iwyeba biblioTekebis profesiuli formaciac. dgeba mWidro urTierTTanamSromloba did biblioTekebs Soris. XX saukunis 70-iani wlebidan, mosaxleobi-

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sa da umaRlesi saswavleblebis ricxvis zrda, saxelmwifoTa politika da informatikis ganviTareba gadamwyvet rols TamaSobs am saqmeSi. 80-iani wlebSi, internetis gamogonebasTan erTad, Cndeba biblioTekebis informatizaciis idea. amieridan, ganviTarebuli qveynebis didi wignTsacavebi iwyeben eleqtronuli biblioTekebis Seqmnas. amavdroulad, araerTi biblioTekis Senoba-nageboba ganaxlda da gafarTovda. zog maTganSi muzeumebi ganTavsda, zogma ki specifiur SenobebSi daido bina. aseTia is ZiriTadi gza, romelic tradiciulma biblioTekam gaiara dRevandel virtualur biblioTekamde da miiRo saxe, romlis aRwerilobas Tanamedrove leqsikoni da kanoni sabiblioTeko saqmis Sesaxeb ase gadmoscems: `biblioTeka aris kulturul-saganmanaTleblo samecniero-informaciuli dawesebuleba, romlis mniSvnelovani socialuri funqciaa srulad da efeqturad gamoiyenos Tavisi fondebi da sxva sabiblioTeko resursebi fizikur da iuridiul pirTa moTxovnebis dasakmayofileblad [...] biblioTeka xels uwyobs erovnuli da msoflio kulturis, mecnierebisa da ganaTlebis ganviTarebas~. dRes msoflioSi ramdenime uzarmazari biblioTeka arsebobs, romlebic gvaoceben TavianTi masStabebiT da funqciebiT. magaliTad, kongresis biblioTeka vaSingtonSi sam Senobas moicavs da 29 mln wigns inaxavs. is aSS-is erT-erT uZveles federalur institutadaa aRiarebuli da ginesis rekordebis wignSia Sesuli. CineTis nacionaluri biblioTeka pekinSi aziaSi yvelaze didi biblioTekaa. masSi 23 milionamde wigni inaxeba. petre didis dros daarsebul sankt-peterburgis mecnierebaTa akademiaSi amJamad 20 milionamde wignia daculi. SeuZlebelia, ar movixsenioT, aseve, niu-iorkis sajaro biblioTeka, ruseTis saxelmwifo, safrangeTis erovnuli da harvardis biblioTekebi. araerTi mwerlis STagonebis wyaro gamxdara idealuri, realuri Tu warmosaxviTi biblioTeka. rables `pantagruelSi~ wm. viqtoris saabatos biblioTekas vxvdebiT, argentinelma novelistma jorj luis borxesma `babelis bibli

http://www.nplg.gov.ge/index.php?sec_id=302&lang_id=GEO

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oTeka~-ze imsjela, alfred Jarim _ doqtor faustrolis biblioTekaze, umberto ekom `vardis saxelSi~ benediqtelTa monastris biblioTekaze gaamaxvila yuradReba; mxatvrebsac araerTxel CaurTavT biblioTekis siuJetebi TavianT tiloebSi. 21-e saukunis biblioTeka ramdenime funqcias iTavsebs: atarebs sxvadasxva saxis kulturul RonisZiebas, konkurss, wignebis prezentacias, konferencias, virtualur gamofenasa Tu Sexvedras, iZleva informacias axali gamocemebisa da sxva aqtualuri sakiTxebis Sesaxeb. didi biblioTekebi ara mxolod wignebis sacavi da eleqtronul monacemTa bazebis wvdomis adgilia, aramed informaciis aqtiuri Ziebis, samecniero komunikaciis, ideaTa gacvlis, swavlebisa da msjelobis sivrcecaa. arsebobs specializirebuli biblioTekebi: samedicino, samusiko, iuridiuli da sxva literaturisTvis. mravladaa sauniversiteto biblioTekebic, romlebsac mniSvnelovani wvlili SeaqvT aRmzrdelobiT da pedagogiur saqmianobaSi. magram dRes biblioTekebSi Caweris msurvelTa ricxvi klebulobs, samkiTxvelo darbazebi carieldeba. internetSi kiTxva ufro popularuli xdeba, Zveli Tu axali wignebi internet operatorTa sakuTrebad iqceva. axla Znelia imis Tqma, es procesi biblioTekebis degradaciis niSania Tu axali nabijia maT ganviTarebaSi, dRis wesrigSi dgeba tradiciuli biblioTekebis daniSnulebis, funqciisa da rolis garkveva adamianis cnobierebis amaRlebis saqmeSi. axal teqnologiebze awyobili msoflios mravali biblioTekis saqmianoba imeds gvisaxavs, rom jer arc samkiTxvelo darbazebs emuqreba gaqrobis safrTxe da arc Tavad biblioTekebs. magaliTad, radiosixSiruli saidentifikacio WdiT aRWurvili msoflios eqvsasamde biblioTekis mkiTxvelTa registracia da wignis gacemis procedura dafuZnebulia RFID teqnologiaze, romelic saSualebas aZlevs rogorc biblioTekis momxmarebels, ise TanamSromels, dazogos dro wignis miReba-gacemis gaformebaze. es teqnologia aCqarebs inventarizacias da wignis Ziebas, axdens wignis gacemis avtomatizacias da icavs sabiblioTeko dokuments moparvisgan. biblioTekis originalur funqiaze miuTiTebs niu-iorkSi warmatebiT momuSave sastumro-biblioTeka (The Library Hotel),

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romelic 60 myudro nomrisagan Sedgeba. is manhetenze, qalaqis sajaro biblioTekasTan axlos mdebareobs. sastumrobiblioTekis yovel nomerSi ganTavsebulia suraTebi da wignebi. stumrebi nomers ukveTaven TavianTi piradi interesebis mixedviT. magaliTad, literaturis moyvarulni Cerdebian merve sarTulze, sadac ganTavsebulia mxatvruli literatura, zRaprebi da a.S. sastumros yvela nomeri aRWurvilia xmovani fostiT da maRali xarisxis ukabelo internetiT. oTaxebs terasebi aqvs da myudro kabinetebi _ avtorebisaTvis. Senobis saxuravze mowyobilia poeturi baRi. gasuli wlis gazafxulze, niu-iorkSi, bruklinis sajaro biblioTekam rekreaciis adgilobriv centrTan erTad organizeba gaukeTa programas mozardebisTvis. programa iTvaliswinebda miniaturuli golfis swavlis kurss, video TamaSebs, xnisgan tatus gakeTebas da sxva aqtivobas. sabiblioTeko programaSi monawileoba miiRo 130-ma mozardma, romlebmac dro mxiarulad gaatares. aseTi mravalferovania biblioTekebis saqmianoba dRes, magram aravin icis, ra iqneba xval, Tuki biblioTeka dakargavs wigns da mis mkiTxvels. veravin gvetyvis, ra saxels da funqcias SeiTavsebs igi. aRsaniSnavia, rom wigns safrTxe kinosa da televiziis gaCenis Semdegac Seeqmna, magram gadarCa. sainteresoa, gauZlebs Tu ara is kompiuterisa da internetis konkurenciasac. wigni, im saxiT, ra saxiTac Cven mas dRes viyenebT, mxolod 1500 wlisaa. qaRaldis gamogonebamde, wignebi qvaze, baTqaSze, Tixis firfitebze da cxovelebis tyavze iwereboda. im uxsovar dros bevri wigni ar iqmneboda da arc advilad vrceldeboda. jer qaRaldis, xolo Semdeg beWdvis gamogonebam wignisa da wignierebis farTod gavrcelebas Seuwyo xeli. kompiuterisa da Tanamedrove sabeWdi mowyobilobebis Seqmnam wignis warmoebis procesi srulyofili, daxvewili da martivi gaxada. daaxloebiT 15 wlis win ki gaCnda cifruli sabeWdi manqanac _ idealuri mowyobiloba mciretiraJiani wignis dasabeWdad. manqana kompiuterTanaa dakavSirebuli da miTiTebuli wignis fails jer beWdavs, Semdeg kinZavs, ydaSi svams da mza wignad aqcevs. es yvelaferi erT manqanas SeuZlia Seasrulos, Tanac _ umokles droSi; anu Seiqmna

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wignis eleqtronuli formati. Tavdapirvelad, gamomcemlebi varaudobdnen, rom momavalSi wignebs kompaqt-diskebze Cawerdnen da ase gayididnen. magram male ufro mosaxerxebeli mowyobiloba _ eleqtronuli wignebi gamoigones. 2007 wels gamovida pirveli eleqtronuli wigni _ Kindle, romelic gamosvlidan xuT saaTSi gaiyida. eleqtronuli wignis wamkiTxveli mowyobiloba yvelaze didma internetmaRaziam, amazonma gamouSva. misi mflobelebi mixvdnen, rom dabeWdili wignebis gayidvis garda, wignis eleqtronuli saxiT gayidvac iyo SesaZlebeli, Tuki myidvels Sesabamis mowyobilobas SesTavazebdnen. aqedan gaCnda Kindle-is Seqmnis ideac. es mowyobiloba ekranisa da Rilakebisgan Sedgeba da did mobilurs hgavs. mis 15 santimetrian Sav-TeTr ekranze eleqtronuli teqstis wakiTxvaa SesaZlebeli ilustraciebis gareSe. aseTi wignebis wyaros interneti warmoadgens. dRes momxmarebels SeuZlia wignis SeZena internetmaRaziis saSualebiT ramdenime formatSi: dabeWdili, audio da eleqtronuli wignis saxiT. am ukanasknelis SeZenis SemTxvevaSi teqstis gadmowera pirdapir internetidan xdeba Kindle-Si da mkiTxvels SeuZlia misi wakiTxvisas teqstis sasurvel zomaze dayeneba, gadafurcvla, sxvadasxva gverdze gadasvla da sxva. eleqtronuli wignis gaumjobesebuli variantia e.w. `Nook~. is saSualebas aZlevs mkiTxvels biblioTekidan 14 dRiT ufasod gamoitanos eleqtronuli wignebi, xolo SonyReader-i eleqtronuli Jurnal-gazeTebis wakiTxvisa da gamoweris saSualebasac iZleva. amazons Tavis eleqtronul biblioTekaSi 500 000-ze meti dasaxelebis wigni aqvs gaerTianebuli, xolo Sony-Reader-is mflobels milionze meti eleqtro-wignis SeZena SeuZlia internetiT. kompnia Apple-ma 2010 wlis ianvarSi gamouSva ìPad~ revoluciuri mowyobiloba, romelsac 23 sm-iani feradi, sensoruli ekrani da yvela is funqcia aqvs, rasac Tanamedrove momxmarebeli inatrebda. amasTanave, es mowyobiloba Zalian msubuqi (700 gr) da Txelia (1,2 sm). misi gamoyeneba SeiZleba rogorc eleqtronuli wignebisa da Jurnal-gazeTebis wasakiTxad, ise fotoalbo-

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mebis, videoebisa da rukebis sanaxavad, aqvs el-fosta da SeuZlia internetTan dakavSireba. SeuZlebelia, ar daveTanxmoT onlain biblioTeka lib.ge-s damaarseblis, qarTveli poetis, giorgi kekeliZis azrs, romelic mdgomareobs imaSi, rom interneti, erTis mxriv, gvTavazobs ra uamrav gasarTobs da TavSesaqcevs, garkveulwilad gvaSorebs wigns, magram meores mxriv, swored interneti gvaZlevs saSualebas gavecnoT klasikuri Tu Tanamedrove literaturis nimuSebs, Tanac ufro advilad, vidre es biblioTekebSi siarulisa da wignis Zebnis dros gvWirdeba xolme. 2011 wlis 30 ianvris gazeT `24 saaTSi~ Semdegs vkiTxulobT: àqtiurad iqmneba erovnuli cifruli biblioTekebi, romlebic qveynebis kulturuli memkvidreobisTvis eleqtronuli sacavis funqcias Seasruleben. norvegiis erovnulma biblioTekam es saqmianoba globaluri masStabiT 2005 wels wamoiwyo. am droisTvis biblioTekaSi ukve skanirebulia 170 000 wigni, 250 000 gazeTi, radio gadacemebis 610 000, xolo sateleviziosi _ 200 000 saaTi da kidev 500 000 foto~. aqve naTqvamia, rom 1990-ian wlebSi kongresis biblioTeka ukve muSaobda cifruli koleqciis, saxelwodebiT àmerikuli mexsiereba~-is, Seqmnaze; axla is 16 milion wigns, rukas, films, xelnawersa da sxvadasxva musikalur nawarmoebs moicavs. giganturi cifruli biblioTeka, romlis saSualebiTac qveynis kulturuli memkvidreoba yvelasTvis xelmisawvdomi gaxdeba, gaafarToebs auditorias im istoriulad iSviaTi wignebisTvis, xelnawerebisTvis, werilebisTvis, gamosaxulebebisTvis, filmebisa Tu audio klipebisTvis, romlebic aqamde mxolod swavlulTa kompetencia iyo. amerikuli cifruli saxalxo biblioTekis idea, nawilobriv, Google-ma wamoayena, romelmac, 2004 wlidan moyolebuli, 15 milionze meti wigni aqcia cifrulad. maTi umetesoba iSviaT wignebs miekuTvneba, romlebsac universitetebi gascemen. ama Tu im iSviaTi paragrafis wakiTxva sruliad ufasodaa SesaZlebeli Google Books-ze, Tu es namuSevrebi saavtoro 

http://24saati.ge/index.php/category/news/world/2011-01-30/13523.html

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uflebis proteqciis sagans aRar warmoadgenen. magram Tu mosamarTlis meSveobiT SeTanxmeba Sedgeba Google-sa da saavtoro uflebebis mflobelTa Soris, maSin iSviaTi wignebis (romlebic kvlav saavtoro uflebis qveS imyofebian) skanirebis misawvdomobisTvis saWiro gadmoweris Tanxebi universitetebis an sxva dawesebulebebis mier unda daifaros. am Temebis irgvliv kamaTi da konfliqti dRemde grZeldeba. axali gamogonebebi, onlain biblioTekebi, gamomcemlobebis momavali da mwerlebis axali sahonoraro sistema xelovanTa Sexvedrebze yvelaze aqtualur sakiTxebad warmoCindeba. praqtikuli mxareebis, magaliTad, xarjebis, saavtoro uflebebis sakiTxebisa da teqnologiis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebebi jer kidev misaRebia. Tanamedrove ucxouri eleqtronuli biblioTekebi namdvilad uCens mkiTxvels survils, Sevides da karga xans darCes virtualur eleqtronul bibliosivrceSi. Tumca maTi didi nawili fasiani gaxda, eleqtronuli biblioTekis Seqmna Zalze Sromatevadi saqmea, cota xnis win ki eleqtronuli biblioTekebi uangarod, namdvili enTuziastebis mier iqmneboda. isic unda iTqvas, rom wignis RirebulebasTan SedarebiT es Tanxa mizerulia. mkiTxvelisTvis wignTan urTierTobis yvelaze xelmisawvdom saSualebad eleqtronuli biblioTeka imitom rCeba, rom beWduri gamocemebi gaZvirda. aSkaraa, rom momavali cifrul teqnologiebs ekuTvnis da amas win veravin aRudgeba. saqarTveloSic izrdeba eleqtronuli biblioTekebis ricxvi. www.lib.ge _ qarTul virtualur realobaSi erTerTi yvelaze popularuli biblioTekaa. proeqti arakomerciulia da miznad isaxavs saitze rogorc Tanamedrove, aseve klasikuri qarTuli da ucxouri literaturis nimuSebis ganTavsebas da maT popularizacias mkiTxvelTa farTo wreebSi. biblioTekaSi mxatvrul teqstebTan erTad folkloris nimuSebsac gavecnobiT, wavikiTxavT interviuebs sxvadasxva saintereso avtorTan, aseve, samecniero werilebs. www.literatura.ge-is mizanic Tanamedrove qarTuli literaturis popularizacia da am sivrceSi axali saxelebis warmoCenaa. nebismier avtors SeuZlia Tavisi literaturuli nawarmoebis gamoqveyneba, aq portalze warmodgenili nawarmo-

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ebebis yofna-aryofnis sakiTxs redkolegiasTan erTad mkiTxvelic wyvets. Tavad redkolegiac saitis mudmivi da kompetenturi mkiTxvelebisgan Sedgeba. www.literatura.ge-m daafuZna literaturuli konkursi `wero~, romelic, Tanamedrove qarTuli literaturis ganviTarebaSi Tavis sityvas ambobs. gacilebiT akademiurad gamoiyureba saqarTvelos parlamentis erovnuli biblioTekis eleqtronuli versia _ www.nplg. gov.ge, sadac ramdenime welia mimdinareobs eleqtronul resursebze muSaoba. amJamad saitze devs `vefxistyaosnis~ sami: 1937, 1966 wlis saiubileo da 1978 wlis _ uordropiseuli Targmani, aseve viqtor nozaZis `vefxistyaosnis saxismetyveleba.~ saintereso proeqtia qarTuli literaturis cifruli koleqcia, romelic 2004 wels iuneskos proeqt `grinstounis~ farglebSi ganxorcielda. koleqcia qarTuli klasikuri literaturis anTologiisgan Sedgeba. masSi calkeul failebad CarTulia Zvel qarTul sityvaTa leqsikoni da avtorTa mokle biografiebi. proeqtis ganaxleba regularulad xdeba. garda amisa, mkiTxvels SeuZlia gaecnos sxvadasxva saintereso xelovanTa mier erovnul biblioTekaSi wakiTxul sajaro leqciebs, isargeblos sxvadasxva tipis leqsikonebiT da a.S. ramdenime wlis winaT, rodesac saqarTveloSi internetkultura axlad idgamda fexs, Jurnal àrilidan~ igebdnen literaturis moyvarulebi Tanamedrove msoflio literaturaSi mimdinare siaxleebs, ecnobodnen axal avtorebs, Zvelebis axal nawarmoebebs, saintereso interviuebs. dRes es masalebi àrilis~ blogzea ganTavsebuli, misamarTze _ http://arili2.blogspot.com eleqtronuli biblioTeka MLibrary (http://lit-download.blogspot. com) namdvili oazisia literaturis TeoriiT, enaTmecnierebiT, kulturis istoriiT, anTropologiiT, istoriiT, antikuri literaturiT, musikiTa da xelovnebaTmcodneobiT dainteresebuli mkiTxvelisTvis. aq SesaZlebelia moZieba da ufasod gadmowera wignebisa, romelTa SeZena www.amazon.com-ze soliduri Tanxa Rirs. aRsaniSanavia proeqti `vaxtang VI~ (www.dlf.ge), romelic xorcieldeba ìrmis naxtomis~ bazaze. misi mizania mTeli

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qarTuli klasikuri literaturis _ dasawyisidan Tanamedroveobis CaTvliT, cifrul formatSi gadayvana da internet-saitze ganTavseba. mniSvnelovania, rom aq CarTuli arian bavSvebi. samomavlod teqstebis nawili saerTaSoriso proeqt `Project Gutenberg~ (www.Gutenberg.org)-is SemadgenlobaSi Seva. es aris amerikuli arakomerciuli proeqti, romelic msoflio klasikis 10 000-ze met Sedevrs aerTianebs. arsebobs kidev sxva SesaniSnavi gverdebi www.literatura. iatp.ge, www.litsaxelebi.ge, aseve www.gabro.ge, romelic Zveli wignis skanirebis gziT cdilobs virtualuri sivrcis Sevsebas. marTalia, popularul Tanamedrove qarTveli avtorebis axali nawarmoebebi an bestselerebi saitebze araa ganTavsebuli, magram SegviZlia gavecnoT klasikas, naklebad cnobil da axal avtorTa saxelebs. udaoa, rom eleqtronuli biblioTekebi mkiTxvelis saukeTeso megobrad da mokavSired iqca. Tanamedrove biblioTekebi socialuri qselebis aqtiuri momxmareblebic arian. isini am gziT cdiloben mkiTxvelis mozidvas, sakuTari Tavis wardgenas da farTo auditoriisTvis TavianTi siaxleebis gacnobas. isini biblioTekis fondSi arsebuli wyaroebidan Jurnalistebs swrafad awvdian nebismier informacias cnobili sazogadoebrivi moRvaweebis Sesaxeb. socialuri qselebi virtualur mkiTxvelebTan yvelaze moxerxebuli saSualebacaa interaqtiuri dialogis gasamarTad. rac Seexeba sabiblioTeko blogebs, isini warmoadgenen informaciis wyaros, romelsac SeuZlia xeli Seuwyos biblioTekis moRvaweobis reklamirebas, sabiblioTeko siaxleebis gavrcelebas, profesiuli urTierTobisa da axali kavSirebis damyarebas. blogSi aucilebeli ar aris subordinacia, is biblioTekis araoficialuri saxea. saitTan SedarebiT, blogi uSualo, Tbili da megobrulia. rogorc vxedavT, kompiuterebi da Tanamedrove teqnologiebi biblioTekebs saxes ucvlis, magram maTi roli da mniSvneloba kvlavac didia, Tumca, eleqtronul versiad qceuli nabeWdi wigni, romelsac Tavisi simyudrove, idumaleba da xibli hqonda, gardaiqmneba; maSasadame wignis kiTxvisa Tu gayidvis kulturac icvleba. saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi wigns, rogorc Zvirfas saCuqars, adamianebi erTma-

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neTs uZRvnidnen, qalaqebs amSvenebda wignis bazrobebi da bukinistebis jixurebi. dRes adamianTa erTi jgufi kiTxulobs: `ra mouva nabeWd wigns? nuTu is aRar iarsebebs? nuTu veRar gadavSliT mis furclebs da ver SevisunTqavT mis dauviwyar surnels?~ meoreni varaudoben, rom nabeWdi wigni mainc iarsebebs, Tumca misi warmoebac da qaRaldic sul ufro Zviri gaxdeba. nabeWd versias SemdgomSi mxolod koleqcionerebisTvis da specialuri gamocemebis saxiT gamouSveben. eleqtronuli wignis siiafe da misi swrafad SeZenis SesaZlebloba ki TiTqmis mTlianad gamodevnis nabeWd wigns bazridan. aseT viTarebaSi gaurkveveli rCeba wignebis avtorebisa da gamomcemlebis bedi. Cveni azriT ki, aranakleb problemur sakiTxad warmoCindeba tradiciuli biblioTekebis momavali. sainteresoa, ra saxisa da daniSnulebis inteleqtualuri saqmianobis centrebad iqcevian isini an ra mizniT gaagrZeleben mkiTxvelebi biblioTekebTan TanamSromlobas? dabolos, vityviT, rom Tanamedrove samyaro, romelic iRebs axal-axal gamowvevebs, kulturasa da literaturas ekleqtursa da decentralizebuls xdis. mweralTa Tu nawarmoebTa reitingebi dRes, ZiriTadad, gayidvebis maCveneblebiT dgindeba. nawarmoebis originalurobasa da mxatvrul Rirebulebaze aqcentebis keTeba, ase vTqvaT, modidan gadadis da ibeWdeba is, rac didi Semosavlis momtania. globaluri komerciuli kanonebi STanTqvas upirebs namdvil literaturas. amitom, maRalmxatvruli literaturis gadarCenis gzebis Zieba aqtiurdeba. fiqroben, rom es misia mxolod mkiTxvels daekisreba. savaraudod, is gadawyvets wignisa da xvalindeli wignTsacavebis bedsac. damowmebani: aragoni 1924: available from http://www.unimuenster.de/Romanistik/Aragon/ questions.fragon.htm; Internet. editori 2004: available from http://www.lesediteurs.fr; Internet.

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http://azrebi.ge/index.php?m=734&newsid=114

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Jurnalistika manana SamiliSvili

qarTuli samwerlo blogingis zogierTi Taviseburebis gamo `Tu yoveldRe `vaSington postSi~ ara xar, CaTvale, rom arc arsebob~ _ ase gamoxata mediisa da politikis urTierTmimarTebis mTeli seriozuloba cnobilma amerikelma politikosma, mimdinare saprezidento winasaarCevno kampaniaSi respublikelTa erT-erTma kandidatma, aw Sida praimerSi damarcxebulma nuT gengriCma. naTqvami axal mediaze rom ganvavrcoT, aseT formulirebas miviRebT: `Tu dRes socialur qselSi ara xar, e.i., arc arsebob!~ vinmes SeiZleba gadaWarbebuladac eCvenos, magram Tanamedrove realoba amgvari perifrazirebis marTebulobas yoveldRiurad gvidasturebs. `Tavisuflebis teqnologiad~ saxeldebuli internetizaciis sayovelTao procesi virtualur anu paralelur realobaSi TviTgamoxatvis msurvelT axal-axal SesaZleblobebs sTavazobs. i. kastelss Tu davesesxebiT, tempi da masStabebi imdenad didia, rom axali komunikaciuri sistemis Zlieri zemoqmedebiT ibadeba axali kultura: realuri virtualobis kultura. dRes Cven masobrivi komunikaciis saSualebebis enaze vsaubrobT. swored isinia Cveni metaforebi, romlebic Cveni kulturis Sinaarss qmnian. amitomac, realobas aRviqvamT iseTad, rogoradac misi danaxvis saSualebas masmedia gvaZlevs. mas simulacia anacvlebs, Wirs garkveva, sad iwyeba namdvili da sad _ gamonagoni. virtualur sivrceSi gzis gasakvlevad, erTi domenidan meoreSi samogzaurod sul ufro daxvewili, axali, STambeWdavi sacdurebi Cndeba. am mojadoebuli wridan Tavis daRweva ki ukiduresad Znelia. es tendencia imdenad Zlieria, rom xSirad kompiuterze avadmyofuri mijaWvulobis saxes iRebs. aseT dros Tavs iCens ukiduresi karCaketiloba, egoizmi, aRviraxsniloba, rac solifsizmis saxeliTaa cnobili. am seniT daavadebuli

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adamianebi, faqtobrivad, dakargulni arian sazogadoebisTvis. isini moklebulni arian TvistomTan urTierTobis sixaruls da realobis im versias aRiqvamen mxolod, romelsac `silikonis veli~ qmnis. aRniSnuli viTarebis gaTvaliswinebiT, konsolidirebuli demokratiebi ukve `kiber-demokratiis~ gziT sTavazoben TavianT moqalaqeebs arCevnebSi monawileobas. rac gulisxmobs, rom qveynis mmarTvelobaSi monawileobis miReba saxlidan gausvlelad, kompiuteris Rilakze TiTis daWeriTaa SesaZlebeli. es arCevnebis mimarT moqalaqeTa mzard imedgacruebaze metad, moqalaqeTa pasiurobaze mianiSnebs. maTi am formiT politikur procesSi CarTvis mcdeloba, marTalia, adasturebs dasavluri demokratiebis inovaciurobasa da Tanamedrove gamowvevebze swrafi reagirebis unars, magram Sedegad vkargavT moqalaqe _ amomrCevels, rac ufro didi problemaa da Zalze damafiqrebeli. Tanac, amgvarad xmis micema sulac araa dazRveuli gayalbebisgan. axali teqnologiebis avkargianobaze saubars metad aRar ganvavrcobT. amjerad kibersivrcis SemoqmedebiT strategiebze, kerZod, blogingis specifikaze SevaCerebT Tqvens yuradRebas. blogingi, blogerebi, blogosfero _ am modur terminebs yuri ukve mivaCvieT, magram mainc bundovania, ra fenomenTan gvaqvs saqme da rogor vlindeba am sferoSi SemoqmedebiToba. blogeroba mcire ambavTTxrobaa, romelic eleqtronul JurnalSi Canawerebis, e.w. postebis saxiTaa warmodgenili. Tumca, samwerlo blogingi cotaTi gansxvavebulia. mwerlebis mier blogebSi ganTavsebuli masala Janrobrivadac mravalgvaria. es SeiZleba iyos problemuri statia, recenzia, mimoxilva, Canaxati, feletoni da a.S. blogi SeiZleba iyos personaluri (magaliTad, aka morCilaZis, zurab qarumiZis, zaza burWulaZis, daviT CixlaZis, ana samadaSvil-korZaiasi da sxvaTa), romelic, amave dros, internetuli masmediis (mag.: Jurnalebis: `liberalis~, `cxeli Sokoladisa~ da `tabulas~ internetversiebi) an multimediis kontents warmoadgendes an kidev calke, personaluri vebgverdis saxiT arsebobdes. aqve unda iTqvas, rom mravlad arian profesionali blogerebi, tradiciul mediaSi muSaobis mdidari gamocdilebiT, romlebic aseTive warmatebiT moRvaweoben blo-

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gosferoSic (ia anTaZe, niko nergaZe, gogi gvaxaria, giga zedania, zaal andronikaSvili da sxvebi), gvxvdebian politikosi blogerebic (mag. kaxa benduqiZe, gia nodia), bevri blogeri fsevdonimiT wers, rogorc wesi, maTi Canawerebi mwvave kritikiT gamoirCeva da am avtorTa vinaoba gasaidumloebulia (mag. solomon Ternaleli, alioSa wereTeli). aseve xSiria, rodesac cnobili mwerlebi sxvadasxva internetgverdze aTavseben TavianT publikaciebs da blogerebad gvevlinebian. am statusiT kibersivrceSi moRvaweobis kargi gamocdileba aqvT laSa buRaZesa da rati amaRlobels. swored maT onlainteqstebze gvsurs yuradRebis gamaxvileba, oRond amaze odnav mogvianebiT. unda iTqvas, rom aRniSnul Temaze sasaubrod Jurnalma `kritikam~ jer kidev gasuli wlis nomerSi mogviwvia, rodesac mwerlobis msurvel kiberTaobelTa `Semoqmedebis~ specifikisa da maTi werilobiTi praqtikebis Sesaxeb SemogvTavaza msjeloba (imnaiSvili 2011: 138-144). ZiriTadi saTqmeli TiTqos iTqva, axalyaidis mweralTa xelweris Taviseburebebzec gamaxvilda yuradReba, epoqis konteqstic gamoikveTa, magram sasaubro mainc bevria da rac mTavaria, kvlav kiTxvad rCeba: ramdenadaa SesaZlebeli blogerobidan mwerlobaSi mosvla? samwuxarod, samwerlo asparezze arc am saxiT SemoWraa gaZnelebuli. survili erTia, damkvidrebis pirobebi _ sxva. magram es pirobebic marketinguli wesebiT imarTeba, rasac, rTulia, win aRudge. komercializacia drois niSania da yvelgan Tavis kvals tovebs, cxadia, maT Soris saxelovnebo sivrcezec. moduria, e.i. momgebiania da vamkvidrebT ugemovnebas, usaxurobas, uwarsulobas. xSirad es mxolod mwerlobis parodiaa da araferi aqvs saerTo namdvil SemoqmedebasTan. Tumca, am amqarSic moiZebnebian saintereso, imedismomcemi axalbedebi, romelTac forma Sinaarsis xarjze ar mourgiaT, arc iolad TviTdamkvidrebas cdiloben. maT uzarmazari konkurenciis pirobebSi uxdebaT im gzis gakvalva, romelic ukve `warmatebiT~ gadautkepniaT epataJurobiTa da skabrezulobiT gamorCeulebs. maTi unapiro cinizmiTa da dausrulebeli performansiT xom umeteswilad uniWobis, uvicobisa da ambiciurobis saeWvo nazavia SeniRbuli. kiCis amerikeli kri-

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tikosebisa ar iyos, es avtorebi meSaxteebs gvanan, namdvilsa da WeSmarit xelovnebas niadag rom wreten, fitaven, sasargeblos aclian, sanacvlod ki arafers gvTavazoben. rogorc vTqviT, amjerad CvenTvis sainteresoa am tendenciis sxva mxare _ ratom mimarTaven blogings ukve Semdgari da saxelmorWmuli mwerlebi, ra aris es _ epoqis gamowvevaze pasuxi, drois xarki, modas ayola, meti popularobis moxveWis survili, Tu, saerTo jamSi, isev senia, romelic `kibermTxzvelTa~ msgavsad, ukve cnobil avtorebsac SehyriaT? erTgan am yaidis mweralTa axalTaobas inga miloravam samarTlianad uwoda `mediamwerlebi~, maTi snoburobis, ybadaRebuli cnobadobisken daucxromeli swrafvis xazgasasmelad (milorava 2007: 115). es termini zustad miesadageba Cven mier warmodgenili Semoqmedebis tips, oRond, cxadia, am SemTxvevaSi sityva pirdapiri gagebiT unda movixmoT mediaSi moRvawe mwerlebis aRmniSvnelad (Tumca, igi srulad verc qveteqstisgan gaTavisufldeba). zemoT dasmul kiTxvebTan erTad, logikurad sxvac Cndeba: maS, ratom unda avsaxoT, Tuki Rirebuli araa? pasuxad isev wminda werilis gamocdileba gamogvadgeba: `yovelive gamoicadeT da ukeTesi igi SeikrZaleT~ (TesalonikelTa mimarT Tqmuli). am samyaroSi kargi da cudi erTmaneTis Tanmdevia. mTavaria, gvqondes arCevnis ufleba da Tu Cveni Tvalsazrisi mcdari aRmoCndeba, esec araa didi ubedureba, radgan, filosofosisa ar iyos, `yoveli mosazreba, Tundac mcdari, oRond jerovnad gaazrebuli, kidev erTi bijiT gvaaxlovebs WeSmaritebasTan~ (miltoni 2009: 80-87). ase rom, raki arsebobs, unda avsaxoT kidec. da marTlac, dRes sul ufro xSirad vawydebiT mweralTa blogebs ònlain mediaSi~, socialur qselebsa Tu ìnternetul masmediaSi~. aqve unda iTqvas, rom ìnternetuli masmediis~ saxeliT moixsenieben tradiciuli, e.w. vertikaluri masmediis saSualebebs, romelTa versiebi internetSia ganTavsebuli, anu saqme gvaqvs asaxulis asaxvasTan. iqmneba axali mediadiskursi, ufro sworad, diskursTa garkveuli ierarqia, romelSic uaxlesi, yvelaze metad daSorebulia pirvandels. ukeT rom avxsnaT, es procesi mxatvris mier dokumenturad asaxuli tilos tipografiuli teqnologiis

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meSveobiT reproducirebas gavs, rodesac asli originals Sordeba da amave dros, gasaTvaliswinebelia, tilos Seqmnisas Tavad mxatvari ramdenad daSorda sinamdviles (surgulaZe... 2003: 276). am movlenas òrmagi reproduqciulobis~ saxeli qvia da swored es aCens miTologizebis, mediazirebis safrTxes. sadReisod iseTi viTareba Seiqmna, rom interneti Tavisuflebis erTgvar oazisad iqca momxmarebelTaTvis, radgan misi regulireba SeuZlebelia. aq yovelgvari akrZalvis gareSe, nebismiers SeuZlia iyos informaciis gamavrcelebeli. es ki e.w. `samoqalaqo (moqalaqeTa) Jurnalistikis~ ganviTarebas uwyobs xels. es viTareba jer kidev gasuli saukunis 50-iani wlebis miwuruls iwinaswarmetyvela kanadelma mecnierma marSal makluenma Tavisi cnobili sloganiT: `TviT saSualeba iqca Setyobinebad~ (Medium is the Message). es sakomunikacio arxisTvis ara mxolod mediumis, aramed Setyobinebis Tvisebebis miniWebas moaswavebda. Tumca, sikeTesTan erTad, rac, pirvel yovlisa, informirebis SeuzRudaobas gulisxmobs, am movlenas negatiuric bevri axlavs. eWvqveS dgeba informaciis sandooba, sarwmunooba da obieqturoba. Sesabamisad, izrdeba insinuaciis, dezinformaciis gavrcelebis, mizanmimarTuli propagandis safrTxe. mavani politikosebi warmatebiT iyeneben kibersivrces TavianTi piarisTvis, Tu oponentTa diskreditaciisTvis. zogjer es mcdelobebi kontrdazvervis meTodebsac emsgavseba. yvelasTvis kargadaa cnobili, Tu ra didi gavlenis moxdena SeuZlia internets politikuri imijis Camoyalibebaze. politikuri imijis warmatebiT formirebisa da saarCevno kampaniaSi amiT ganpirobebuli gamarjvebis TvalsaCino magaliTia aSS-s axlandeli prezidentis barak obamas Tavbrudamxvevi warmateba, rasac man didwilad swored socialuri qselebis daxmarebiT miaRwia. xolo obamamde gacilebiT adre, 2000-ian wlebSi, samxreT koreaSi autsaideri politikosis, vinme rohis saprezidento arCevnebSi moulodnelma gamarjvebam marTlac sensacia moaxdina. es maSin, roca wamyvan mediasaSualebebSi mas TviTprezentaciis saSualebac ki ar qonda. swored urbanuli axalgazrdobis socialuri qselebiT mxardaWeram ganapiroba misi gaprezidenteba (harpferi...

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2009: 254-259). Tanamedrove etapze politikurma vnebaTaRelvam mTel msofliosa da saqarTveloSic kibersivrceSi gadainacvla. didi xani ar gasula, rac, TavTavianT vebgverdebze gamarTuli interaqciis meSveobiT, Tvals vadevnebdiT ori gamokveTili politikuri lideris _ mixeil saakaSvilisa da biZina ivaniSvilis ramdenimeTvian internet-paeqrobas. Tundac, e.w. `laiqebis~ mosyidvis Tema gavixsenoT. isic unda aRiniSnos, rom informaciuli sazogadoebis pirobebSi, yvelaze didi safrTxe informaciis araTanabari ganawilebaa. es ki gansakuTrebiT lokalur kulturebs uqmnis problemas. sadReisod konvergenciis (Serwymis) gamokveTili tendencia globalizaciis agentebis, transnacionaluri korporaciebis xelSi uyris Tavs mTel informaciul kapitals, rac informaciis monopolizebiTa da homogenizaciis procesis daCqarebiT gamoixateba da gaerTgvarovnebiT emuqreba heterogenul sazogadoebebs. am saxifaTo procesis Tavidan asacileblad mecnierTa erTi nawili `pluralizmis regulirebis kanonmdeblobis~ iniciativiTac ki gamovida, rac gulisxmobda xelisuflebis mier konglomeraciebze garkveuli monitoringis dawesebas, raTa ar moxdes gansakuTrebiT didi informaciuli kapitalis erTi korporaciis xelSi Tavmoyra, magram am iniciativam didi xmauri gamoiwvia da kerZo sakuTrebis xelyofis mcdelobad iqna aRqmuli (surgulaZe... 2003: 268). internetizaciis safrTxeebze saubari TviTmiznad rom ar CameTvalos, mis sikeTeebzec vityvi, im unikalur SesaZleblobaze, romliTac kompiuteri _ es `ministruqtura~ saocari siRrmeebis wvdomisa da informaciis mswrafl mopovebis saSualebas iZleva. esaa saZiebo sistemebi, saganmanaTleblo portalebi, momentaluri damowmebis mosaxerxebeli meqanizmebi (mag. linkebi, romlebTanac kursoris mitaniT sasurvel informacias gamovixmobT); internetpresis Sereuli perioduloba _ sinqronulTan erTad, myisieri diaqronuli komunikaciis unari _ daarqivebis unikaluri SesaZlebloba da a.S. mivubrundeT saTqmels da mwerlobis kibergamocdilebaze ganvagrZoT saubari. rogorc aRvniSneT, blogingi àqta diurnas~ gvagonebs, romaelebi senatis dadgenilebebis gamosaqveyneblad rom iyenebdnen, anu erTgvar ìnternet-

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dRiurs~, romelSic mwerali-blogerebi sistematurad akeTeben `Canawerebs~. Cveni kvlevis hipoTeza amgvaria: qarTveli mwerlebi kibergamosvlas sazogadoebisTvis saWirboroto problemaTa aqtualizebisTvis mimarTaven, raSic maT mkiTxvelTan interaqcia exmareba. am mosazrebis gasamyareblad, SeviswavleT laSa buRaZisa da rati amaRlobelis onlainteqstebi. laSa buRaZe, garda imisa, rom gansakuTrebuli produqtiulobiT gamoirCeva, erT-erTi yvelaze popularuli multimediuri arxis, radio `Tavisuflebis~ gamorCeuli avtoricaa. is aq gasuli wlis 2 ivlisidan aqveynebs werilebs specialuri rubrikiT `paraleluri realoba~, romelSic 40ze meti Canaweri aqvs gakeTebuli. garda amisa, sxvebis msgavsad, internetmasmediaSic, kerZod, Jurnalebis: `liberalisa~ da `cxeli Sokoladis~ blogebSi, aqveynebs Canawerebs. cxadia, mwerlis mravalricxovan teqstebs aq saTiTaod ver ganvixilavT, mxolod ramdenime maTganze SevCerdebiT, romlebic, Cveni azriT, gamorCeulad sainteresoa da kargad warmoaCens avtoriseul xelweras. laSa buRaZis erT-erTi popularuli Canaweri (rac `laiqebis~ siuxviT dasturdeba) originaluri saTauriTaa warmodgenili: `SiSologia _ mokle politikur-egzistencialisturi eqskursi~. politikuri satira laSa buRaZis, rogorc publicistis, TviTgamoxatvis formaa. satiruli, ironiuli teqstebi misi stilia. `gamaTraxebuli~ politikuri movlenebi Tu politikosebi konkretul situaciebze reagirebis Sedegia. Tu ratom, amaze erT-erT interviuSi Tavadve wers: `CvenTan xom sociumi pirad cxovrebaSi, pirad sivrceSic iWreba; Sens biografiaSi iWreba Seni qveyana da es bunebrivic aris~ (yvela siaxle 2011: 1) gansaxilvelad warmodgenili teqstebic am xelweriTaa Sesrulebuli da Cvens qveyanaSi mimdinare socialur _ politikuri procesebis piruTvnel asaxvas emsaxureba. laSa buRaZis `SiSologia~ egzistencialuri SiSis fenomens rodi ikvlevs. is, razec avtori gvesaubreba, ZalauflebasTan gamomSvidobebis SiSia, keTildReobis, gavlenis dakargvas rom iwvevs... sxva, Senze ufro Zlieris, mdidris aRzevebis SiSi, magram, aramc da aramc sikvdilis SiSi! ZlierTa ama soflisaTa saufloSi sikvdilis xsovna sruliad gamqralia. maT mxolod materialisturi SiSebi awuxebT. ise-

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Ti gancda geufleba, TiTqos mTeli msoflio SiSianobas Seupyria. oRond SiSebi gansxvavebulia _ didi da patara _ da maTi masStabebic mxolod materialuri danakargis odenobiT ganisazRvreba. SiSs marTlac arasdros qonia iseTi didi Tvalebi, rogorc dResa aqvs. laSa buRaZis SiSTa ierarqiaSi ki mTeli msoflios politikuri suraTi ixateba, sadac `...israels eSinia iranis da giunter grasis leqsis, irans eSinia ucxo qveynebis RmerTebis da emansipirebuli iraneli qalebis (...) baSar al-asadis cols eSinia, usamsaxurod ar daurCes sirielTa mJleti qmari, rusebs eSiniaT, oxrad ar daurCeT siriaSi gauyidavi kalaSnikovebi, avRanelebs eSiniaT, droze adre ar aorTqldnen natos jarebi, pakistanelebs eSiniaT, es ulvaSa samudamod ar SerCeT prezidentad...~ (buRaZe 2012: 1) da ase, narTaulian vrcel CamonaTvalSi irekleba Tanadrouli politikis yvela mniSvnelovani movlena, romelTa arsi simbolizebuli detalebiTaa gamJRavnebuli. im dros, rodesac mTeli msoflio lamis fizikuri ganadgurebis eldas Seupyria, amerikelebs mxolod zedmeti kologramebi aSinebT, ban gi muns ki _ raime mniSvnelovani gancxadebis gakeTeba ar mosTxovos vinmem.. `ruseTis patriarq kiriles eSinia, Zvirfasi saaTi ar daunaxos vinmem (RmerTis sul ar eSinia)~, `Sveicarielebs eSiniaT, maT ZaRlebs skverebSic ar aukrZalon mosaqmva...~ marTlac da, vis risi eSinia... amaT SiSebTan qarTvelebisa saerTod ra mosatania, magram Cvens `patara~ SiSebs didi problemebi iwvevs: `qarTvel amomrCevels eSinia, qarTuli pasportis gareSe ar darCes ivaniSvili, ivaniSvils eSinia, striqonebi ar daaviwydes qarTveli klasikosebis leqsebis citirebisas. qarTvelebs eSiniaT mcqmutavi da gauTvleli saakaSvilis, uSiSroebis sabWos mdivans eSinia, teledebatebis dros raime saidumlo informacia ar wamoscdes mis cols. afxazebs eSiniaT, soWis olimpiadis dros marto tuvalelebis maspinZloba ar mouwioT. marTlmadidebel mSobelTa kavSiris wevrebs eSiniaT, rom qarTveli geebi arasdros Caatareben gei-aRlums, `memarjveneebs eSiniaT, `nacionaluri moZraoba ar damarcxdes arCevnebSi~. verafers vityviT, Cveni politikuri cxovrebis realisturi suraTia, romlis aRwerisas avtors mwerluri

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alRo efeqturi publicisturi maxvilebis dasmisa da ganzogadebis saSualebas aZlevs. avtoris pozicia, romelsac Txrobis gadamdeb dinamizmSi SefarviT vgrZnobdiT, daskvniT frazaSi aSkaravdeba: `me ki imis meSinia, erTmaneTis rom eSinia yvelas~. mTeli am politikuri vakxanaliis mizezic am sityvebSi unda veZioT. werili kompoziciuradac sainteresoa. Zalze efeqturi, damaintrigebeli lidi pirvelive winadadebiT ipyrobs yuradRebas: `msoflios muxlebi ukankalebs _ es SiSis weliwadia!~ aRniSnuli dasawyisi orbunebovania da kombinirebul (kombo) lids miekuTvneba, romelic pirdapiri da dayovnebuli lidis Tvisebebs aerTianebs, rac gulisxmobs, rom saTqmeli pirdapir iwyeba, magram qveteqsturad, metaforuladaa gadmocemuli. saTauric mravlismTqmelia, erudirebul auditoriazea gaTvlili da zedmiwevniT Seesatyviseba Sinaarss. simbolizebuli detalebiT gadmocemuli Txroba saukeTesod amJRavnebs avtoris pozicias, emociur daZabulobas qmnis. `refleqsuri informacia~ ki SesaniSnavi eqspresiuli saSualebaa Tanamedrove samyaros problemaTa avtoriseuli versiis warmosaCenad. Zalze saWirboroto problemas Seexo laSa buRaZe Tavis morig CanawerSi `peijeri~. `ramden xans unda rCebodes erTi konkretuli piri qveynis saTaveSi?~ _ am konkretul problemas avtori ganazogadebs da gacilebiT tevad da masStabur pasuxs gvaZlevs: `rac ufro mobilurad gamoicvleba mTavroba, miT ufro advilad virwmunebT aw gardacvlili stiv jobsis mier gacxadebul WeSmaritebas: `ramdeni xani unda gvedos erTi iPhone? Seucvleli teqnologiebi (waikiTxe politikosebi) ar arseboben~ (buRaZe 2012: 1)! avtori teqnologiebis ganviTarebis WrilSi ganixilavs am aqtualur sakiTxs. msoflio saSineli siswrafiT viTardeba. rac aTi wlis win axali da Seucvleli gvegona, dRes saocrad moZvelda. Tu adre peijeri gvemsaxureboda, àxla... ukacravad, telefonebi aRarc hqvia amaT _ esaa arsebebi, romelTac mzad xar, Senve emsaxuro...~ drois niSniT aRbeWdil Tavisebur epidemias uwodebs mwerali im faqts, rom prezidentebic gamaogneblad swrafad Zveldebian. Tuki adrindel epoqebSi aTwleulebi unda gasu-

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liyo, mefe rom mogbezreboda, `dRes xuT gazafxulsac veRar uZleb erT cal prezidents (Tu ar gjeraT, dRevandel frangebs hkiTxeT)!~ da aqve Cveuli ironiiT naTqvami: `gaixsene, vinc aT weliwadze metxans darCa qveynis saTaveSi, yvela raRacnair drakulad iqca bolos. Tqvenis nebarTviT, Tavs Sevikaveb uxsenebelTa saxelebis CamoTvlisgan. Tumca axla, rogorc vatyob, saeWvo Rojebi xuT weliwadSi iwyeben amosvlas...~ l. buRaZis daundobeli `maTraxi~ im xelisufalTac miswvda, romlebic xelovnurad, aTasi kosmetikuri Tu samedicino manipulaciebiT cdiloben drois SeCerebas. maTi xvedri kidev uaresia _ àseTebi yvelaze male berdebian~. epoqis Tavisebureba asociaciuri saTauriTac SesaniSnavad mJRavndeba. peijeri drois simboloa, teqnikurad _ yavlgasulobis, politikuri mniSvnelobiT ki _ droulad wasvlis niSani. dro da drouli _ swored am semantikaSia moqceuli avtoris ZiriTadi saTqmeli. werilSi mkafiodaa naCvenebi, Tu rogor asocirdeba konkretuli saqoneli epoqis Taviseburebebsa da politikur proeqtebTan, rogor ukavSirdeba igi warmodgenebis cvlilebas sazogadoebaSi. am TvalsazrisiT, peijeri erTgvari metasimboloa, realuri drodan politikur droze gadasvlis niSani. peijeri, erTi mxriv, abstraqtuli metaforaa, droebis niSani, amavdroulad, politikuri drois niSanic, meore mxriv _ Cveulebrivi saqoneli. da radgan adamians ar SeuZlia metaforebis moxmareba, xolo namdvili peijeris yidvis survili da saSualeba dRes, ubralod, aRar arsebobs, peijeri misTvis problemebis metonimuri, konkretuli simbolocaa. amgvarad, igi droidan gasvlis da drois gasvlis yvelaze TvalsaCino simboloa, yvelaze naTeli, xiluli diakritikuli (berZ. diakritikos _ ganmasxvavebeli asobgeriTi niSani, romelic miuTiTebs, rom masTan erTad asobgera sxvgvarad ikiTxeba) niSani, romelic yavlgasul saqonels (wavikiTxoT, politikoss) axlisgan, Sesabamisad, saWirosa da sasurvelisgan _ gamoyofs. laSa buRaZe Tavis CanawerebSi yovelTvis axal, originalur formebs iyenebs. magaliTad, misi erT-erTi bolo publikacia `samTavrobo saaTi~ piesis saxiTaa warmodgenili,

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romelSic wina xelisuflebis umaRles pirTa araoficialuri Sexvedraa aRwerili. cxadia, yovelive gamonagonia, mwerlis mdidari warmosaxvis nayofi. magram qarTuli politikuri elitis calkeul warmomadgenelTa prototipi personaJebi, maTTvis saxasiaTo metyvelebis maneriTa da leqsikiT, imdenad realisturadaa gamosaxuli, rom mkiTxvels daswrebis efeqtsac ki uqmnis. sxvagan satirikosi umaRles xelisufalTa mxilebiTaa dakavebuli. kerZod, werilSi `prezidentebis sisayvarle~ igi maTi gaSarJebiT im absurdul viTarebas aRwers, romelic qveynis mmarTvelTadmi aRtacebiTa da maTi gafetiSebiT iqmneba. mwerali kritikas arc konstituciis Secvlis gamo erideba da Tanamedrove politikis erT ucnaur tendenciaze _ simboloebTan brZolaze miuTiTebs, rasac samarTlianad sabWour inercias ukavSirebs. Mmisi SeniSvniT, es viTareba mxolod mentaluri cvlilebebiT daiZleva da ara normatiuli aqtebiT, miT ufro, ZeglebTan brZoliT. `sabWouri tradicia: brZola simboloebTan~ _ amgvarad, problemaze mimaniSnebeli pirdapiri saxeldebiT dausaTaurebia laSa buRaZes aRniSnuli Canaweri. ASeuZlebelia ar daeTanxmo mis moswrebul naTqvams, rom Cveni damoukideblobis amdeni wlis istoria `qarTveli politikosis sijiutis istoriaa~. marTlac, ager ukve oci welia erTsa da imave wreze vtrialebT, gamudmebiT vuSvebT erTsa da imave Secdomebs da ver gagvicnobierebia, rom mTavari sabWouri warsulis xilul niSnebTan brZola ki ara, swored uxilavTan gamklavebaa. simboloebTan brZolas sjobs Sinaarsobriv cvlilebebze davfiqrdeT, `yvelaze rTuli xom sakuTar TavTan brZolaa~, _ dasZens avtori. Aam paTosiTaa gamsWvaluli werili, romelSic Mmwerali mdidar faqtobriv masalaze dayrdnobiT qveynisaTvis umwvaves problemebze gvesaubreba. igi sabWouri esTetikis SenarCunebis ideas emxroba da amas pragmatuli TvalsazrisiT _ turistTa mosazidad _ xsnis. amasTanave, marTebulad Tvlis, rom socrealizmi xelovnebaa, kiCia. qalaqis organuli iersaxis xelyofiT istoriis gaqroba-gadaweris saSiSroeba Cndeba _ gvafrTxilebs laSa buRaZe da mravali Cvenganis saTqmelsac ambobs.

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onlain-teqstebSi iseve, rogorc mxatvrul nawarmoebebSi, mwerlis amocana mxilebaa. aqac da mxatvrul teqstebSic igi Tanamedroveobis umwvaves problemebze saubrobs. TvalTaxedvidan ar epareba arc erTi mniSvnelovani, saWirboroto sakiTxi. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom laSa buRaZis teqstebi Cveni drois mxatvrul-publicisturi anabeWdebia. misi laRi, Zaldautanebeli, dinamiuri Txrobis manera uamrav mkiTxvels izidavs. magram, amave dros, maTSi didi doziTaa cinizmic. saerTod, groteski, satira, parodia _ mwerlis gamoxatvis formaa. dacinva misi Cveuli stilia, erTdroulad, Setevisa da Tavdacvis taqtika. am CanawerebSi ki igi mudam mayurebelia, garedan akvirdeba movlenebs, arasdros axdens aRwerilTan identificirebas. yvelaferi ase cudadaa da am dros iseTi gancda grCeba, rom Tavad avtori TviTtkbobas miscemia, Tavs irTobs da am yvelafers samSvidobodan adevnebs Tvals, TiTqos is, rac qveyanaSi xdeba, TiToeuli Cvenganis brali ar iyos, ufro metad ki _ maTi, visac dRes inteleqtualuri `winamZRolis~ mantia mousxams. zustad am viTarebas aRwerda mixeil javaxiSvili, roca ambobda, `Tevzi Tavidan ayroldebao. swored Cvens inteligenciazea naTqvami. igi Cemulobs xalxis meTaurobas da xelmZRvanelobas. magram am SemTxvevaSi mainc, gaxrwna da gadagvarebaSic masve ekuTvnis pirveloba da sxvebze adre iman unda daiwyos zrunva sakuTari Tavis gankurnebaze~ (javaxiSvili 2001: 627). marTalia, siciliT, mwvave ironiiT kidev ufro naTlad SeigrZnoba realuri problemebi, magram erTiorad mZafrdeba skefsisi, uperspeqtivobiTa da uimedobiT gamowveuli, radgan mwerali sanugeSos arafers geubneba, gulis dasamSvideblad mcired Sanssac ar gvitovebs. rogorc zemoT vaxseneT, kibersivrceSi rati amaRlobelsac mravalricxovani auditoria yavs Semokrebili. misi erT-erTi yvelaze popularuli da iuzerTagan mowonebuli publikacia Jurnal `liberalis~ jer beWdur, Semdeg ki _ onlainversiaSi daibeWda, saTauriT: `Just Tikunebi~, romelSic mwerali `TiTqmis naCvev da gaSinaurebul~ Wirze, qarTuli enis àmRvrevisa da damaxinjebis~ Sesaxeb gvesaubreba. marTalia, aRniSnuli werili wminda bloguri Canaweri ar gaxlavT, saavtoro svetia, magram aqtualobidan gamomdinare

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misi moxmoba saWirod CavTvaleT. Tanac, igi internetuli masmediiTaa warmodgenili da mSvenier masalas iZleva mediamwerlur gamocdilebaze sasaubrod. qarTuli enis parbarizmebiT sul ufro mzardi danagvianebis tendencia qveyanaSi NNGO da saofise slengis damkvidrebam gamoiwvia. naTqvamis dasturad avtori araerT magaliTs moiSveliebs: `dedlaini~ da aqedan `davadedlainoT~, `breiki~ da `wavikofibreikoT~, an `vilanCaoT~, `vibreinStormingoT~. amasTan, iseTi popularuli terminebi, rogoricaa: `treningebi~, `sqilebi~, `daskrepeba~, `dalinkva~ da `gafokusjgufeba”, misi TqmiT, _ ùkve klasikaa~. gulwrfelebi Tu viqnebiT, vaRiarebT, rom cnobierad Tu aracnobierad am slegnisTvis zogjer Cvenc migvimarTavs, magram avtori iseT cxovrebiseul situaciebs aRwers, rom fantaziac ar geyofa maT warmosadgenad! igi sxva naklovanebebzec saubrobs: arqaizmebiT gatacebaze, enaSi da enis gziT gamovlenil snobizmze, farisevlobaze. kargad gvaxsovs, rom msgavsi enobrivi `novaciebi~ me-20 saukuneSi rusulad warimarTeboda. am senze mixeil javaxiSvili daufaravad miuTiTebda Tavis SesaniSnav publicistur werilSi: ìsev qarTuli enis Sesaxeb~. samwuxarod, werilis daweridan TiTqmis aswliani intervalis Semdegac problema ucvlelia. `nel-nela marxaven Cveni xalxis cocxal enas _ metad mdidars, moqnils, feradsa da xmovans~. mwerlis am sityvebs dRes ufro didi simZafre SeuZenia. ucxouris gafetiSebis iseTi SemTxvevebi gvaqvs, maTTan `rusicizmebiT~ gataceba ra mosatania! Sinagani ukulturobis gamovlinebis ufro mZafr SemTxvevebs mwerali erTi magaliTiT cxadyofs: `msgavsi keklucobani ukidures komizmamde misula, rodesac romelime umniSvnelo ofisis ucxoeli menejeri, vinme naijeli an Tundac jonaTani, am ofisebSi momuSave qarTveli qalbatonebisgan iseTi xSiri citirebis obieqti xdeba, rom SeiZleba eWvic gagiCndeT, es naijel-jonaTani sinamdvileSi, romelime didi britaneli an amerikeli mwerali xom araa, gvaris gareSe rom axseno... rogorc ilia, vaJa, galaktioni. ai, ase _ `jonaTani ambobs _ SeicadeT, da yvelaferi gamoswordeba: naijeli ki ver itans moRrublul aminds. misi azri, yvela gadadebuli saqme eSmakisaa~.

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rodesac aRmoaCenT, rom jonaTani ar aris svifti da arc naijelia ser loringi, artur konanis amave saxelwodebis romanis gmiri _ sruli gakvirveba da gaugebroba daisadgurebs. Tqvenze metad ki, mcitireblebi SeiZleba gaocdnen, rom ar gagigiaT am xalxis Sesaxeb da jerovan pativs ar miagebT ofisebis RvTaebebs~ (amaRlobeli 2010: 1). es vrceli amonaridi kidev erTxel gvarwmunebs, Tu ra arabunebrivia evropasTan msgavsi xelovnuri integraciis mcdelobani, sadamde SeiZleba mivides farisevloba, uvicoba, sakuTaris dakninebis survili, enis gademokratiulebis niSniT Catarebuli warmoudgeneli eqsperimentebi. ena cocxali organizmia, igi bunebrivad iRebs slengsac da neologizmebsac miuCens adgils Tavis wiaRSi, magram sruliad gaumarTlebelia is gaugonari damaxinjebani, pativis ayris uprecedento SemTxvevebi, romelzedac mware ironiiT Sezavebuli sruli simarTliT gvesaubreba rati amaRlobeli. Tanamedrove masmediaSi arsebulma savalalo mdgomareobam aTqmevina Cveni drois publicists: `netav sada xar, revaz Salvas Zev!~ marTlac, erisTavis qarTuli lamisaa sanatreli gagvixdes dRevandel dRes. ra dasamalia, rom am mxriv yvelaze ufro masmedia scodavs, metwilad mas miuZRvis amaSi brali. da mainc, gamosavali yovel droSi erTia: Tavad Cvenve unda SevicvaloT, rogorc mix. javaxiSvili ityoda, TviTonve unda vizrunoT sakuTar Tavsa da ojaxze. sxva gza ar dagvCenia, garda imisa, rom `daJinebiT, SegnebiTa da sicocxlis wyurviliT gadavlaxoT zRudeni da mSobliuri eniT avmetyveldeT~. amgvarad, samwerlo blogingze dakvirvebam Semdegi daskvnebis gamotanis SesaZlebloba mogvca: 1) Dmwerlis bloguri Canawerebi ZiriTadad Jurnalistur yaidaze Seqmnili mxatvruli teqstebia, romlebic daxvewili, mimzidveli eniT gadmogvcems sazogadoebisTvis mniSvnelovan Temebs, gamoirCeva Janrobrivi mravalferovnebiT. formis specifika lakonuri, momWirne Txrobis saWiroebas warmoqmnis, rac sruliadac ar gamoricxavs tropul metyvelebas, piriqiT, zogjer blogebSi metaforuli azrovnebis SesaniSnav nimuSebsac vawydebiT. avtorebi xSirad mimarTaven ìgavur~ stilsac.

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2) kibersivrceSi warmatebis misaRwevad mxolod onlaindRiuris weris niWi ar kmara, saWiroa alRoianoba, rac, ase vTqvaT, àuditoriis SegrZnebaSi~ gamoixateba. es erT-erTi im TvisebaTagania, riTac mwerali _ blogeri moyvaruli blogerebisgan gansxvavdeba. 3) yoveldRiurobaze Tvalis midevnebiT mwerlebi aqtualur, problemur Temebs wamosweven. maTi blogebi mniSvnelovan funqcias asrulebs Cveni swori informirebisTvis; gvawvdis saWiro Tvalsazriss an damatebiT informacias im aqtualur sakiTxTa Sesaxeb, romlebic masmediis saSualebebs SesaZloa mxedvelobidan gamorCes an ganzrax gamotovos. 4) Tumca, yvelaferi ase idealurad rodia. isic unda iTqvas, rom avtorTa erTi nawili sakuTari mniSvnelobis warmoCeniT ufroa dakavebuli, vidre raime sasikeTos qmniT. maT teqstebSi ignorirebulia blogingis mTavari principi _ avtoris gulwrfeloba. nacvlad TviTkritikisa, mxolod sxvaTa ganqiqebis survils vxedavT, nacvlad TviTironiisa, ase rom amSvenebs Semoqmeds da mis gulaxdilobazec metyvelebs _ unapiro cinizms. rogorc vnaxeT, mweralTa kibergamocdilebaze Tvalis midevnebam da konkretuli teqstebis analizma qarTuli samwerlo blogingis araerTi Tavisebureba warmoaCina. pirvel yovlisa, gamoikveTa misi dualisturi xasiaTi da ambivalenturoba. erTi mxriv, aSkaraa komercializaciis gavlena, ufro meti `gapiarebis~ survili da Sedegad miRebuli meti gayiduli wigni, meti popularoba, gazrdili `cnobadoba~, meore mxriv ki _ mwerali-moqalaqis pozicia, gamoxatuli qveynisa da sazogadoebisTvis mtkivneuli Temebis aqtualizebiT. es orbunebianoba winaaRmdegobrivia. SeuTavseblis SeTavsebis mcdeloba xSirad Sinagani `konfliqtiT~ sruldeba da warmoSobs maxinj formebs, surogatebs, romelTac saerTo araferi aqvT namdvil publicistikasTan da miT ufro, mwerlobasTan. marTalia, es Cven mier ganxilul teqstebs naklebad exeba, magram kibersivrceSi, da ara mxolod iq, amgvari magaliTebis moZieba namdvilad ar Wirs. sabolood SeiZleba iTqvas, rom blogingi samoqalaqo Jurnalistikis axali formaa. Cven sruliad gansxvavebul epoqaSi SevdivarT, rodesac profesionalebi Tmoben infor-

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mirebis sadaveebs. dRes es funqcia masmediisadmi ndobadakargulma moqalaqe-Jurnalistebma itvirTes. maTi gaaqtiureba jansaRi reaqciaa sazogadoebriv da saxelmwifoebriv problemebze. demokratia warmoudgenelia sazogadoebriv procesebSi xalxis monawileobis gareSe. samoqalaqo Jurnalistika ki xels uwyobs am procesebSi sul ufro meti adamianis CarTvas. Sedegad, yvelas, visac socialur qselebze xeli miuwvdeba, SeuZlia informacia gaavrcelos. am viTarebaSi didia safrTxe, daikargos mTavari: zneobrioba, sandooba, sarwmunooba. am mTavari faseulobebis SesanarCuneblad, profesional JurnalistebTan erTad gzebs is mwerlebic eZeben, romlebic kibersivrceSic moRvaweoben da axali mediis malcvalebad pirobebSi garkveuli principebis damkvidrebas cdiloben. rogor moaxerxeben amas, ra gzebiT _ naTlad jer kidev araa gamokveTili. erTi cxadia _ mimdinare etapze maTi mizani sazogadoebis ukeT informireba da demokratiis ganmtkicebaa. ra iqneba Semdeg, amas dro gviCvenebs. damowmebani: amaRlobeli 2010: amaRlobeli r. Just Tikunebi. Jurn., `liberali~, veb.mis.: www.liberali.ge/just-tikunebi, ganTavsebulia 17.11.2010-dan. buRaZe 2012: buRaZe l. SiSologia _ mokle politikur-egzistencialisturi eqskursi. radio Tavisuflebis internetgverdi. vebmis.: www.radiotavi sufleba.ge/content/bughadze_shishologia, ganTavsebulia 21.04.2012-dan. buRaZe 2012: buRaZe l. peijeri. radio Tavisuflebis internetgverdi. vebmis.: www.radiotavisufleba.ge/content/bughadze_shishologia, ganTavsebulia 28.04.2012-dan. imnaiSvili 2011: imnaiSvili a. kiberTaobis mwerloba. kritika. №# 6, Tb.: lit. institutis gamomcemloba, 2011. milorava 2007: milorava i. Taobis portreti bnel interierSi. kritika, #№ 2, Tb.: ùniversali~, 2007. miltoni 2009: miltoni j. sityva Tqmuli parlamentis winaSe _ beWdviTi sityvis dasacavad. almanaxSi: `mcire Sedevrebi~. Tb.: saq. universitetis gamomcemloba, 2009. surgulaZe.. 2003: surgulaZe r., iberi e. masobrivi komunikacia. gam. èna da kultura~, Tb.: 2003. yvela siaxle 2011: gazeTi `yvela siaxle~. laSa buRaZis cxovrebis `literaturuli eqspresi~. onlainversia sainformacio portalze àmbebi~. mis.: www.ambebi.ge/books/44320 ganTavsebulia 19-11-2011-dan. javaxiSvili 2001: javaxiSvili m. isev qarTuli enis Sesaxeb. wignidan `werilebi~. Tb.: 2001. harpferi..2009: Christian W. Haerpfer, Patrick Bernhagen, Ronald F. Inglehart and Christian Welzel. Democratization. Oxford: University Press, 2009.

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nomris stumari Wabua amirejibi

erovnul TaviseburebaTa erToblioba qmnis progresis pirobebs _ `cxovreba aris is, rac gaxsovs, danarCeni arsebobaa~ _ werT `daTa TuTaSxiaSi~. ra gaxsovT yvelaze amaRelvebeli, suls daCneuli? _ meaTe aTwleuls vaxurdaveb. aba, warmoidgineT, ramdeni ram maqvs nanaxi _ amaRelvebeli, RirSesaniSnavi, sasixarulo da samwuxaro, romelTa umravlesoba miviwyebulic ki maqvs. amgvarad, SemiZlia, mxolod zogadad mogaxsenoT. amaRelvebeli da suls daCneuli movlenebi, SemTxvevebi _ Cemi Tu sxvisi Tavgadasavlebia, romlebic Cemi piradi ukiduresi gasaWiris dros mxsnelad mevlinebodnen xolme. is movlenebi Cemi erisa da samSoblos sikeTe-ukeTurobasa Tu gasaWirdalxinebas Seexeboda. da mainc, yvelafer danarCenze RirSesaniSnavi Cemi Svilebis dabadeba da qalbaton Tamar javaxiSvilze qorwineba gaxldaT. _ erTxel brZaneT: RmerTi ar iviwyebs sikeTeso _ rogor ggoniaT, ra iyo Tqveni yvelaze didi sikeTe, romelic RmerTma ar dagiviwyaT? _ albaT, qarTveli eris warsulis, awmyosa da momavlis siyvaruli, ramac samSoblosaTvis SeZlebisdagvari samsaxuri gamawevina da mamoZravebs dResac. es dainaxa CemSi RmerTma da amisTvis macocxla dRemde. vamayob da vxarob imiT, rom samSoblosTvis samsaxuris ilaji momca maRalma RmerTma. _ 16 weli gaatareT `sabWour kaciWamiaTaA modgmis~ cixeebsa da banakebSi, 3-jer mogesajaT daxvreta, 83 wliT ruseTis cixeebsa da banakebSi _ tusaRoba, uZlebdiT aTasgvar wamebasa da Zaladobas, 6-jer gaqcevis mcdelobisa da,

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sabolood, warmatebuli gaparvis Semdeg mopovebuli Tavisuflebis fasi kargad iciT, magram axla rom gkiTxoT, ra aris pirovnebis, eris, qveynis Tavisufleba-meTqi, ras gvipasuxebdiT? _ pirovnebis Tavisufleba aris misi is Tviseba, romliTac igi Tavis damokidebulebas amJRavnebs da axorcielebs sxva pirovnebis, eris, sazogadoebis ama Tu im movlenisa da warsul-awmyo-momavlisadmi, saerTod, samyarosadmi da TviT Tavisuflebisadmic, rogorc arsebobis erT-erTi monacemisadmi. rTuli gansazRvraa? diaR, da imitom, rom kiTxvaa urTulesi. asea Tu ise, sxva gansazRvra ber daviTs _ Wabua amirejibs ara aqvs. _ rogor uZlebdiT totalitaruli reJimis despotizms, im jojoxeTur cxovrebas sapyrobileSi Tu mis gareT? saidan ikrefdiT sulier Zalebs, rogor umklavdebodiT im sisatikes? rwmenasTan erTad kidev ram gadagataninaT gausaZlisi? _ upirvelesad yovlisa, unda mogaxsenoT, rom sapyrobilisadmi patimris damokidebuleba yovelTvis gamomdinareobs adamianis miznebidan. sasjels gaaCnia _ mciresasjeliani patimris mizania, rac SeiZleba msubuqi saqme gainaRdos, rom janmrTelma daaRwios Tavi patimrobas. mZimesasjelianic, ra Tqma unda, msubuq samuSaos eZebs. piradad me ocdaxuTwlianze naklebi ganaCeni arsad da aravin maRirsa. ocdaxuTwliani patimrobis atana arc micdia _ gavrbodi da, aqedan gamomdinare, Savi melniT warwerili fraza `Беглец склонен к бегству~ e. w. formuliarze, anu patimris baraTze, romelic administraciaSi inaxeboda da saidumlo dokumentad iTvleboda. rogorc aRniSneT, Cemze eqvsi gaqceva iricxeboda. mxolod samma gamimarTla, anu maleve ar avuyvanivar mdevars. erTi gaqcevis Sedegad col-Svilic gaviCine da qarxnis direqtoric ki gavxdi _ dasavleT belorusiis daba iliaSi xe-tyis gadamamuSavebeli sawarmos direqtori oTx-naxevari wlis manZilze viyavi. iqve damiWires. rac Seexeba jojoxeTur cxovrebas, komunistebis dros es mxolod uSiSroebis Sinagan cixeebSi gamoZiebis procesTan Tan-

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xlebuli wamebebiTa da yovelnairi saxis represiiT xasiaTdeboda; xolo e. w. Sroma-gamosworebis banakebSi umravles SemTxvevaSi autaneli Sroma iyo. yovelive es gadamatanina axalgazrda kacis janmrTelobam da rwmenam, rom dadgeba dro, rodesac saqarTvelo rusuli mpyrobelobisagan Tavs daixsnis da am umZimesi omis erTi monawileTagani Tavadac viqnebodi. asec moxda maRali RmerTis nebiTa da imis SemweobiT, rom mkerdze mqonda da dRemde maqvs wminda giorgis sviringi. yovelive es aRsrulda da esec RmrTiv boZebuli madlia. _ qarTveli eris bedze Cafiqrebulma mweralma da axla erisa da mamulisaTvis mlocvelma berma, mTeli Segnebuli cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi samSoblos realuri mdgomareobiT SeZrulma, ra daskvna gamoitaneT: rogori eri varT _ solidaruli sazogadoeba mxolod deklarirebuli sarwmunoebiT Tu isev ilias `bednieri eris~ wiaRSi CarCenili? ra uSlis xels imas, rom keTilgoniereba wagviZRves win?! _ me ver daveTanxmebi qarTveli eris RirsebaTa uaryofiTs Sefasebas. yoveli eri Seicavs uaryofiTs, saSualo adamianuri Rirsebebis Semcvel adamianTa sazogadoebas da idealurTan axlo monacemebis mqone adamianTa mcire odenobas. `droni mefoben da ara mefeni~. qarTveli eris Rirsebebsac da uaryofiT maxasiaTeblebsac droTa viTareba ayalibebs. aqedanvea _ dadebiT Tu uaryofiT TvisebaTa matarebeli adamianebis raodenobaca da maTi gavlenis Zalac arsebul viTarebaze. ara mgonia, rom dRevandeli qarTveli eri mkveTrad uaryofiT daxasiaTebas imsaxurebdes. gaviTvaliswinoT yvela dadebiTi da uaryofiTi viTareba da amis SemdegRa visaubroT Cvens Rirsebebsa Tu naklze. _ yovelTvis ibrZodiT adamianis uflebebisTvis, eris interesebis, misi kulturisa da Semdgomi inteleqtualuri ganviTarebis dacvis uflebisaTvis. ratom migaCniaT globalizacia erisa da kacobriobis mtrad? raSi xedavT umTavres safrTxes? _ dRevandeli msoflios erTa maxasiaTeblebis sxvadasxvaoba da zogjer winaaRmdegobriobac ki is wyaroa, saida-

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nac arsebuli msoflio civilizacia ikvebeba, anu erovnul TaviseburebaTa erToblioba qmnis progresis pirobebs. aqedanvea, Cemi damokidebuleba globalizaciisa da internacionalobis gamovlinebaTa mimarT. _ Tqvens brZnul gamonaTqvamebs amSvenebs azri: `codna raa, Tu is rwmenamde ar mivida~ _ rogor mixvediT beris sulier mdgomareobamde: mxolod codniT Tu kidev sxva gziT? _ mTeli sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi pasuxgaucemeli kiTxvebis pasuxTa Zebnam mimiyvana wyarosTan, romlidanac yvelafris pasuxi moedineba. mivedi RmerTis mier moZRvnil wyarosTan wyurvilis mosaklavad. _ òcnebas didi xania Tavi mivanebe, mware realisti, metic, TiTqmis pragmatisti var~ _ rogor gavigoT Tqveni sityvebi? romantizmis adgili aRar rCeba Cvens cxovrebaSi? Cveni realoba veRar guobs romantikuls? _ ara mgonia, pragmatizmi romantikulobas gamoricxavdes. pragmatizmi arsebuli viTarebis fxizel, gonier, gacnobierebul Sefasebas unda niSnavdes; ubralo metyvelebaSi _ realistur damokidebulebas. ase mgonia da es sityvac am azriT maqvs gamoyenebuli. romantizmi movleniTa Tu faqtiT gatacebas unda niSnavdes, rac pragmatuli Sefasebis SemTxvevaSic SesaZlebel movlenad, Tvisebad, damokidebulebis saxeobad mimaCnia. _ rogoria Tqveni azri mimdinare literaturuli procesis Sesaxeb. iqmneba Tu ara nacionalur-kulturul paradigmebze dafuZnebuli mxatvruli teqstebi, Tu mwerlobaSic krizisia da kargad Cans is safrTxe, romelSic Cveni cnobiereba imyofeba? _ SevTanxmdeT, rom paradigma paralelur azrs, gansazRvrebasa da, saerTod, paraleluri azris gamoTqmis xerxs niSnavs. rac Seexeba literaturul kriziss saqarTveloSi, ara mgonia, aseTi ram rodisme yofiliyo. Cveni sulieroba mudam pasuxobda moTxovnilebas, romelic xan didi iyo, xan _ mcire. dRevandeli literaturuli procesi, ara mgonia,

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sazogadoebis, eris moTxovnilebebs aqtiurad akmayofilebdes, magram am process vTvli afeTqebisTvis mzadebis procesad. _ bevria qarTul mwerlobaSi `xeluxlebeli Tema~, romlebzec werasac miiCnevdiT Tqvens movaleobad? _ movaleobad, ra Tqma unda, araviTari Temebi ar mimaCnia, magram cota, ase oci wliT, axalgazrda rom viyo, romelime, dReisaTvis aqtualur Temaze muSaobaze uars ar vityodi. _ ras etyoda beri daviTi (Wabua amirejibi) Tavis ers dRes, axal realobaSi? _ WkuiT, qarTvelebo!

esaubra saba metreveli

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MEMORIA

daviT kldiaSvili (1862-1931)

maka joxaZe

warTmeuli bavSvoba daviT kldiaSvilma SesaniSnavad icoda axalgazrdobis fasic da Zalac, kargad grZnobda am asakis cdunebasa da xibls, magram misma mwerlurma fantaziam arc am SemTxvevaSi gamoisxa zedmetad msubuqi frTebi da arc am TaobasTan mimarTebaSi damorCilda im zogad, sayovelTao (TiTqmis kanonad miCneul) damokidebulebebs, romelTac adamianebi iCenen xolme maradiuli kategoriebisadmi (dro _ manZili _ sivrce _ siyvaruli... da a.S.). axalgazrdobas daviT kldiaSvilma iseTive TanalmobiTa da TanaziarobiT Sexeda, rogorc levan qamuSaZisa da bekina samaniSvilis moxuc Taobas, magram iseTive maxvili da Semfasebluri mzera moavlo mis samyaros, yofa-cxovrebasa da miznebs, rogoric maTi winaprebisas. amitom iyo, rom xangrZlivsa da rTul procesSi, cxovreba rom hqvia, daviT kldiaSvilma es Taobac am procesis organul nawilad warmoadgina. mweralma momavali ganyenebul, miraJebiT, ocnebebiTa da imedebiT savse idealur krebiTobad ki ar gaiziara, aramed mtkiced daukavSira warsulsa da awmyos. swored warsuli iqca maTi cxovrebis laitmotivad. aq warmoCinda daviT kldiaSvilis, rogorc fsiqologi mwerlis, didi talanti. am Taobis daxasiaTebis drosac utyuari gamodga zomierebiTa da simarTliT aRsavse misi alRo. amitomaa, rom es Taoba erTgvari rezultatia, erTgvari Sedegia wina TaobaTa. es Sedegi arcTu ise saxarbielo nadavliTaa datvirTuli, arcTu ise optimisturi da saRi orga-

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nizmis mqonea, romelic, Tavis mxriv, adamianuri bednierebis garantiad iqceva xolme. marTalia, guram gverdwiTelis saintereso SeniSvniT _ `daviT kldiaSvilis moTxrobebSi axalgazrda aznauriSvilebi TavTavianTi mamebisagan gansxvavebiT ufro saRad uyureben cxovrebas da wodebrivi kudabzikobac naklebad gamohyoliaT~, _ magram samagierod... Tu, pirobiTad, erTi Taobidan meore TaobaSi gadasul sisxlsa da mgrZnobelobas jer isev SemorCa tonusi da mxurvaleba, mesame TaobaSi es tonusi absoluturad daqveiTda, nulamde davida, simxurvale gagrilda, gaiyina da genebis meSveobiT is niWierebac naklebad gadavida, romlis wyalobiTac ase virtuozulad faraven TavianT namdvil azrebsa da zraxvebs adamianebi... dafarvis, damalvis survili mankTan erTad erTgvari sikeTis mauwyebelicaa, radgan niRabs Sefarul kldiaSvilis gmirebs ercxvinebaT TavianTi realuri saxe, radgan maT ase kargad ician, ra aris cudi da ra aris kargi. daviT kldiaSvilis moTxrobebSi gamoyvanil axalgazrda Taobas TandaTan es codnac ekargeba da amitom, Tu misi erTi nawili dabneuli da damunjebulia, meore nawili swored am ucodnelobis gamo (Tu codnis uaryofis gamo) saSiS da amazrzen Tvisebebs amJRavnebs. codnis uaryofaSi Cven vgulisxmobT rwmenisa da, aqedan gamomdinare, cxovrebis mrwamsis radikalur Secvlas. kapitalizmis SemoWram aTasgvari sindikatebis, artelebis, gaerTianebebis warmoqmnam, liTonis kultisa da, sazogadod, kapitalis daxvavebam (dagrovebam) adamianis SemecnebaSi TandaTan daarRvia Zveli wonasworoba, samyarosTan mimarTebaSi harmoniuli pozicia da misi interesebis orientiri swored nivTier samyaroze, sagnebze gadaitana. bunebriv fers miCveul Tvals asmagi datvirTviTa da aqtivobiT mouxda axal-axali xelovnuri ferebis aRqma... es axali ferebi Tavisi TvalismomWreli mbzinvarebiTa da siyviTliT sul cota xanSi ufro zust da ironiul termins òqros ciebcxelebas~ irqmevs saxelad. iqneb daviT kldiaSvilis samyarosTan dakavSirebiT vinmes alogikuri, anda xelovnuri eCvenos axali formaciis pirmSos am terminis motana, iqneb vinmem gulubryvilod iki-

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Txos _ sad mSieri, gaRatakebuli, mWadis lukmas danatrebuli aznauris gafxekili beReli da sad sindikatebisa da artelebis mepatrone milionerTa yviTeli oqros cieb-cxelebao, magram Tavis moTxrobebSi gamoyvanil adamianTa gamudmebuli xetiali, aCqarebuli tempebi, dramatuli dialogebi, sizmrisa da cxadis swrafi monacvleoba, enamoswrebuloba, Casafrebuli ironia, oxunjoba da, saerTod, kldiaSvilis prozisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli aCqarebuli ritmika swored uSualo winamorbedia, erTgvari uvertiuraa im simfoniisa, romelic axali istoriuli formaciis, kerZod, kapitalizmis SemoWrasTan dakavSirebiT TandaTan kargavs Tavis melodiurobas, tradiciul Zvirfas harmonias da kakafoniad iqceva. am gamayruebel da Tavbrudamxvev xmaurSi daviT kldiaSvilis axalgazrda Taobac, ise rogorc sazogadod am axali istoriuli procesis kursSi Cayenebuli adamianis mxedveloba da smena, fxizeli da gafacicebulia, magram es sifxizle pirobiTia, droebiTi keTildReobisa da bednierebis iluzias warmoSobs. aseTi mxedvelobiT axalgazrda kaci (sasiZo) axalgazrda qalis saxis ferze ki a aCerebs mzeras, rogorc ityvian, misi sulis simebis Serxevas ki ar cdilobs (radgan arc scalia da mis daqveiTebul smenas aRarc ZaluZs am mRelvare melodiis mosmena), aramed qalis mxarze ase TvalsaCinod gadakidebul `redikulSi~ Caxedvas cdilobs, vinicobaa, imdeni groSi aRmovaCino, bedniereba da uzrunveloba gavinaRdoo. `viRacas ukiTxavs emersonisaTvis, ras izamda, mze da dedamiwa rom gamqraliyo. emersons upasuxnia _ maT gareSec SevZlebdi cxovrebaso. kargi pasuxia. es gviCvenebs, Tu rogor swamda emersons Tavisi Sinagani, sulieri cxovrebis. ratom iviwyeben amerikelebi vaWrobis gamo sakuTar suls?.. viRaca igonebs avtomobils. maSinve yvela gadawyvets, rom avtomobili sasargeblo nivTia. risTvis unda kargos adamianma Tavisi dro qveynis kididan kidemde avtomobilze qrolviT? rogorc ki gamoigonebT rames, maSinve iwyebT drois tyuilubralod da amaod flangvas... xuTasi wlis Semdeg Tqveni STamomavloba gaocebiT gadmoxedavs epoqas, romelSic maTiwinaprebi Zalas mowyobilobaTa gamogonebaze xarjavdnen da sakuTar sicocxles swiravdnen uazrod

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swraf svlas. nuTu aucilebelia aseTi warmoeba? moaqvs mas adamianebisaTvis ufro meti bedniereba? ara!~ (interviu lev tolstoisTan). SesaZloa, 1903 wels amerikel Jurnalists odnav gulubryvilodac eCvena moxuci tolstois sityvebi, SesaZloa, eWvic Seitana misi azrovnebis egrTgvar konservatizmSi, magram genialuri rusi mwerlis es sityvebi winaswarmetyvelis im uCveulo naTelxilvas hgavs, romelic saukunis dasawyisSive ase SeigrZnobs da bolomde Rrmad ganWvrets adamianTa cxovrebis Secvlili wesis mTel tragikulobas, romelmac ase daacila, ase daaSora isini ara marto erTmaneTs, aramed sakuTar Tavsac. am gaucxoebul adamianTa tragediiT aRsavsea dRes e.w. egzistencialuri samyaros amsaxveli msoflio literatura. es procesi SeuZlebelia ar egrZno iseT adamians, romelmac Tavisi cxovrebis mniSvnelovani nawili samxedro karieras Sealia da adgilsamyofelis gamudmebuli cvlis gamo uamrav pirovnebas, faqtsa da movlenas waawyda da daakvirda. daviT kldiaSvili erT-erTi im qarTvel moRvaweTagani iyo, romelic gamudmebiT Tavisi qveynis mniSvnelovani movlenebisa da procesebis SuagulSi trialebda. daviT kldiaSvili yvelgan da yovelTvis erTian monoliTur da uRalato pirovnebad rCeba sakuTari mrwamsis, sakuTari zneobriv-moraluri idealebis winaSe... qalTa gimnaziis daarseba, sabanko saqmeebi, rkinigzis gayvana da marganecis aRmoCena, jariskacTa klubis organizeba, gaRatakebul aznaurTa saCivrebis maRal instanciebSi mitana iqneba Tu sxva... yvelaferi es misi cxovrebis umTavresi da macocxlebeli Zalaa, misi pirovnebis dasaxasiaTeblad saukeTeso da umdidresi masalaa. da, rac mTavaria, yvelafer amas ugzoukvlod ar Cauvlia im sferoSi, romelsac misi SemoqmedebiTi moRvaweoba gulisxmobs. albaT, arc is faqti iyo SemTxveviTi, rom literaturul moRvaweobas sakmaod gvian Seudga. yvelasagan, yvelafrisagan ganmartoebuli, moclili da Tavisufali Caujda daviT kldiaSvili imereTis patara sofelSi Tavis mwerlur interesebs da swored bavSvobidan mokidebuli misi rTuli da xangrZlivi cxovrebis gzaze Sex-

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vedrili adamianebis xatvas moaxmara Tavisi brwyinvale talanti. xolo gza, romelic mweralma gaiara, uaRresad rTuli da Wreli iyo. samxedro samsaxurSi yofnis periodSi daviT kldiaSvili mowme gaxda uamravi umsgavso arakeTilSobiluri saqcielisa, romelsac mis garSemo myofi, erTi SexedviT, maRali Cinis pirovnebebi Cadiodnen. imdenad amazrzeni iyo es garemo, imdennairi zneobrivad dacemuli adamianebi idgnen mefis samsaxurSi, rom geronti qiqoZe gancvifrebuli kiTxulobda: `rogor SeeZlo aseT garemoSi daviT kldiaSvils, SeenarCunebina siyvaruliT gamTbari guli, adamianis pativiscema da ndoba, romelic mas axasiaTebs mTeli samwerlo moRvaweobis manZilze?~ daviT kldiaSvils mkvlevarTa erTi nawili sayvedurobs, rom man ver dainaxa da ver moZebna is ZiriTadi gamosavali proletariatis saxiT, romelic axali cxovrebis gariJraJze kapitalizmis SemoWrisTanave gaformda, Camoyalibda rogorc klasi da romelsac ekuTvnoda saukeTeso momavalio. gana Seemateboda rame, vTqvaT, soloman morbelaZis brwyinvale mxatvrul saxes, erTguli saxedari sofelSi rom daetovebina da gafxekili xaris tyaviT qalaqisaken mimaval gzas dasdgomoda? iqneb solomani, rogorc realuri pirovneba, marTlac gaiqca qalaqSi, magram es xom erT-erTi morigi cdaa gadarCenisaTvis, rasac ase Tavgametebuli mieltvian adamianebi. es xom gadaxveva iqneboda gmiris xasiaTidan... gana sakmarisi ar iyo `gamaWanklebuli~ da `gayazaxebuli~ aznauris Cveneba? es gzebi ufro originaluri da bunebrivia maTi wodebisaTvis, vidre e.w. gaproletareba (gaproletarebac Tavdapirvelad ufro stiqiuri, Seumecnebeli xasiaTis matarebeli iyo, vidre gonivruli, damjdari analizis Sedegad miRebuli daskvnis Sedegi). piradad me warmoudgenlad mimaCnia am Taobis aznaurTa warmodgena romelime kerZo kapitalistis qarxanaSi. ra ususuri, arakldiaSviliseuli iqneboda qarxanaSi mazuTiTa da taotiT moTxvrili otia qamuSaZe?! istoria, matiane iqneb amaze ufro saCoTiro, paradoqsul momentebsac iTvlis, magram mxatvrul Semecnebas Tavisi logikuri gzebi da kanonebi aqvs.

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kldiaSvilis aznaurTa mravalferovanma kohortam diaxac rom dakerili CoxiTa da gaZvaltyavebul jorze amxedrebulma unda Caiaros mkiTxvelis Tvalwin... daviT kldiaSvilis, rogorc mwerlis winaSe wayenebuli braldeba, rom man proletariatis, rogorc istoriuli klasis Zliereba ver SeamCnia da mis rigebSi ar Caayena qamuSaZeebi, morbelaZeebi, cota ar iyos, saCoTiroa. kapitalizmi am periodSi jer Canasaxis mdgomareobaSia da, bunebrivia, arc proletariats gaaCnia Tavis mkveTrad gamoxatuli individualuri klasobrivi Tvisebebi da saxe. iqneb istoriuli procesisaTvis, proletariatisaTvis, rogorc axali istoriuli klasisaTvis, es danamati ricxobrivi TvalsazrisiT momgebiani yofiliyo, magram mxatvruli masalisaTvis igi araviTar saWiroebasa da simdidres ar warmoadgenda... adamianuri tragikomediis saCveneblad daviT kldiaSvilis SemoqmedebaSi is komikuri situaciebic sakmarisi aRmoCnda, aznaurma marCenali ZaRli rom gawvrTna, sadedinacvlo amoarCia, jibegafxekili sasiZo aseve jibegafxekil `mdidar~ patarZals gadahkida, mezoblis Rorebis dasaSineblad saxelmwifo Cinovniks mefurad gaumaspinZlda... xolo rac Seexeba gvarovnuli wodebiT erT dros dawinaurebuli gmiris gadacmas melnisferi satinis bluzaSi, CarxTan dayenebas da misi Secvlili ideebis mosmenas, ukve mTlianad ecleba logikurobis xerxemali da iumoris Tbili xelisagan Tavisufldeba. amitomac aseTi tragikulia jamsuR emxvaris (konstantine gamsaxurdias `mTvaris motaceba~) sikvdili germaniis firfitebis veeba fabrikaSi, sadac meSvide sarTulze qoSiniT asuls fexi daucda, kibis Zgides Tavi dahkra da iqve gardaicvala... viTom ruseTis anda saqarTvelos romelime sindikatur gaerTianebaSi rom momxdariyo es ubeduri SemTxveva, mokvdeboda amitom es emigranti Tavadi proletarad? yvelaze adre gaqceuli da qalaqs Sexiznuli aznaurebic gviCvena daviT kldiaSvilma jinWaraZeTa ojaxis saxiT, magram arc aq umtyuna fsiqologiurma alRom da am ojaxis axalgazrda Taobis warmomadgeneli, qalaqSi gazrdili, beglar jinWaraZec ar warmogvidgina rogorc proletari, radgan gvarovnuli upiratesobisa da tradiciebis mqone ojaxs

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qarxanasaviT ar SeeZlo proletaris, rogorc mzamzareuli produqtis mocema. soflidan qalaqSi emigrirebis procesi, romelic ase saWirboroto sakiTxia dRes da romelmac gansakuTrebiT XX saukunis samociani wlebis SemoqmedTa TematikaSi imZlavra, jer kidev saukunis dasawyisSi gaxda SesamCnevi. mravali upatronod mitovebuli da gamoketili oda ilandeba imereTis pawia soflebSi. moxucma mSoblebma qalaqs gaqceuli Svilebis asaval-dasavali ar ician. am sulier tragedias maTi fizikuri uZlurebac Tan erTvis. bebrul saxsrebsa da kidurebs aRar ZaluZT kibeze asvla da saxuravebis gadmoTovla, raTa isedac gaciebuli keria da Weri sabolood ar CamoemxoT Tavze. arc am gaqceul Taobas dasdevnebia daviT kldiaSvilis mwerluri interesebi da arc qalaqs Sexiznul adamianTa cxovrebis Cveneba ganuzraxavs. misi mizania, aCvenos gaqcevis gamomwvevi mizezebi da TviT gaqceva, rogorc aucilebeli nabiji, aucilebeli aqti. gaqcevas ki, rogorc gamosavlis erT-erT gzas socialur mizezebTan erTad uaRresad rTuli da Rrma fsiqologiuri procesebi amzadebs kldiaSvilis SemoqmedebaSi. daviT kldiaSvilis moTxrobebSi gamoyvanil axalgazrda TaobaSi gamoikveTa ramdenime, erTmaneTisagan sakmaod gansxvavebuli fsiqologiuri tipaJi, axalgazrda Taobisa, romlis saukeTeso nawili (ninos saxiT) Tvinieri, ufrosis monamorCili Svilia, xolo yvelaze aqtiuri da gadagvarebuli _ beglar jinWaraZe... am or poluss Soris meryeoben, cxovroben da fiqroben arasrulfasovnebis kompleqsebiT Sepyrobili da damunjebuli qaliSvilebi, TamaSsa da keklucobas miCveuli Sinaberebi, paTologiuri SiSis zRvars miRweuli damfrTxali qalebi, `gacucurakebuli~ da iSviaTi praqtikuli alRoTi dajildovebuli patara adamianebi, sagnobrivi, nivTieri samyaros tyveobaSi moqceuli sasiZoebi, pasiuri da aqtiuri, maxinji da lamazi sapatarZloebi. alber kamiu Tavis filosofiur naSromSi `sizifes miTi~ werda: àbsurds mxolod imdenad aqvs azri, ramdenadac mas ar eTanxmebian~.

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kamius sityvebi swored maSin gagvaxsenda, rodesac gadavwyviteT axalgazrda Taobis im warmomadgenlebze dagvewyo saubari, romlebic mTeli sisavsiT grZnoben TavianTi mdgomareobis absurdulobas, gamouval mdgomareobas, magram erTi nabijis gadadgmasac ver axerxeben misgan TavdasaRwevad. ase gaxevebulebi da gaognebulebi, mxolod fizikuri moZraobiT gamoxataven arsebobas, mxolod oriode sityvis warmoTqmiT amJRavneben sicocxlis niSan-wyals. isini ki ar ujanydebian sakuTar beds, sakuTar umweobas, aramed ucnauri sizantiTa da daRlilobiT kidev ufro Rrmad eflobian bedisweris WaobSi, kidev ufro Rrmad cdiloben im mRvimeebSi Tavis Sefarebas, romelic odesRac maTi bavSvuri samalavi iyo. magram am mRvimeTa siRrme (sigrZe da sigane) zustad im zomisaa, mxolod bavSvis sxeuls rom daitevs, bavSvobisaTvis Cveul fantaziasa da ferebs rom aireklavs da mxolod maTTvis gaanaTebs... eseni ki gazrdilebi arian ukve da ase ZalisZalad SekuWulebs gogoobisdroindel mRvimeebSi, uxerxulad darCeniaT kidurebi gareT. maTi gadaRlili, gamudmebiT erTsa da imave saganze mimarTuli goneba wamiTac veRar dalandavs feradovan, xalisian samyaros. amitom am mRvimeebSi suli exuTebaT. warmodgenebi gaufermkrTaldaT, fantazia gaumwirdaT da amitomac es mRvimeebi maTTvis TavSesafari ki ara, namdvili jurRmulia. ra qnan, sad gaqrnen, sad daimalon, vis Seekedlon?.. gana gaTxoveba, ojaxis Seqmna erTaderTi gamosavalia maTi sulieri martoobisa? gana am xelovnuri garigebiT pirs Seikraven is Wrilobebi, romliTac daserilia maTi adamianuri Rirsebebi? es Rirsebebi axla, 18-20 wlis asakSi ar Selaxula mxolod, angarebian, qonebas daxarbebul sasiZoebsa da cru maWanklebs ar utkeniaT pirvelad maTTvis guli. pirveli gulistkenac da pirveli Seuracxyofac maSin miiRes, rodesac jer kidev sul mTlad bavSvebs xisgan gamoCorknili Tojinebi eWiraT xelSi da gulwrfelad sjerodaT patara dedikoebs, rom yvelaze lamazi pirmSo ezrdebaT am maxinjuna dedoflebis saxiT. maTi qaluri gumani bavSvobaSive gadaawyda im wverwamaxul eklebs, ase arafxizlad da

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uxeS frazebad rom isrodnen keriasTan Tu yanaSi mofusfuse ufrosebi. maT ususur pawia mxrebs naadrev da Seuferebel tvirTad daawva sakuTari arsebobis simZime. ra dros amaze fiqri iyo, arada ukve kargad icoda, rom manam, sanam gaizrdeboda, gaxdeboda deda da Svils mouvlida, Tavad iyo ara marto gasazrdeli, aramed `Sesanaxic~. es Senaxva ki Tavis mxriv veeba tvirTad awva im ojaxs, romelSic iZinebda da iRviZebda. amitom oTaxSi da patara ezoSi bavSvi ki aRar TamaSobda, aramed cxovrobda. am cxovrebas ver amCnevdnen ufrosebi, ufro swored, ver iclidnen mis SesamCnevad. patarebi ki ara marto uzarmazar tvirTakidebul da aRmarTs ayolil WianWvelebis rigs akvirdebodnen, aramed dedis ualerso, gauRimar saxesac da wvergauparsavi, gadaRlili mamis gabrazebul Rrenasac. es naadrevi dakvirveba da fiqri nel-nela aclida xalisianobas maT bavSvur arsebas. myudroebas da SeumCnevlad darCenas cdilobdnen ukve zedmetad morcxvi gogoebi. maT arsebaSi TandaTan ibudebs uneblie danaSaulis SegrZneba da swored maSin, rodesac unda gabrwyindes maTi qalwuluri silamaze, rodesac Sinagani mxurvalebiT avardisfrebul Rawvebze sinorCisa da sakuTari mSvenierebis SegrZnebiT gamowveulma qalurma Rirsebam unda izeimos, roca esesaa gamofxizlebuli bunebis darad, sxivi unda Seematos maT mrume, jer isev ocnebaTa kidobanSi Cakidul mzeras, swored maSin yvelaze swrafad, uadgilod da veragulad Cndeba arasrulfasovnebis kompleqsi. viTom sxvaTa (mezoblebis) satkivarze dafiqrebuli mSoblebis gamudmebuli wuwuni, _ ra eSveleba ubedur ojaxebs, sadac sami an oTxi qaliSvili izrdebao, _ bavSvobidanve SiSs Caabudebs maT TvalebSi. mzeradabneul da damunjebul qaliSvilebSi sabolood Cakvdeba qaluri siZlierisa da upiratesobis SegrZneba. ufrosebma SeumCnevlad, gaucnobiereblad moaxerxes es, bavSvobaSive waarTves maT sanukvari prioriteti, bavSvobaSive Seamzades maTi tragikuloba, axla ki ase utyvsa da dakutul

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Svilebs rom xedaven, guli ukvdebaT da gulwrfelad ukvirT: `moiwoneben ki ara!.. sisxli gamiSro me magan, marTa Cemo, sisxli gamiSro!.. am gzaSi sul imas CavCiCineb, _ ai, boSo, sxvas rom dainaxav, Tamami iyavi, xma amoiRe, ena mucelSi nu Cagivardeba, daanaxve, rom munji ara xar... Senc ar momikvde. veraferi Sevasmine! ravarc vinme gareSes Tvals mohkravs, qec damunjdeba, qec dayruvdeba, qec dakutdeba... dajdoma Tu erTi moaswro, aayeneb zeze? _ ise deekoseba erT adgilas, rom verasgziT ver aaglej zeviT... momkla me magan! vin unda moiwonos?..~ erTnairad gulSewuxebulni da erTnairad mowadinebulni arian sakuTari qaliSvilebis gaTxovebas paduaneli grafi (Seqspiris `Wirveulis morjuleba~) da imereli aznauri (daviT kldiaSvilis `darispanis gasaWiri~). erTsac da meoresac katrinisa da karoJnas garda kidev or-ori qaliSvili hyavs dasabinavebeli. magram paduanel grafs SeZlebisa da didZali qonebis gamo ufro Rirseulad uWiravs Tavi... Rataki darispani ki (Tumca am Rirsebis SenarCunebas gasaocari trabaxiT cdilobs) Tavad udgeba sakuTar qaliSvils maSvlad. xelixelCakidebuls karikar daatarebs mezoblebSi, naTesavebSi, moyvrebSi im imediT, egebis vinmes gulSi Cauvardes, egebis vinmem karg Tvalze Sexedos da meSvelos, momaSoroso. da ramdenadac, erTi SexedviT, TavaSvebuli, Wirveuli, ficxi da uzneoa ingliseli ledi, ase RvarZlianad rom dascinis sasiZoebs, romelTa gamoCenasac ojaxis morigi darbeva mosdevs (katrini gaSmagebiT amsxvrevs Zvirfas nivTebs da amazrzeni gamyinavi xmiT gahyviris xolme), imdenad mSvidi, Tvinieri da uTqmelia imereli karoJna. netav, vinme gamoCeniliyo, Torem ra Svili gabedavda saqmros dawunebas. Sewiruli batkaniviT TavCaqindruli gahyveboda axal patrons, mTeli sicocxle monurad emsaxureboda misi Raribuli ojaxis `gamabednierebel da damfasebel kacs~. karoJnas saxiT daviT kldiaSvils undoda eCvenebina cxovrebisagan damaxinjebuli qalis pasiuri saxe, romelsac araviTari uflebebi da, rac mTavaria, survilic ki ar SerCenia Tavdacvisa, Tavmoyvareobis SenarCunebis da imisa, rom abuCad ar aagdebinos sakuTari Rirsebebi uRirs adamianebs.

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katrinis `veluroba~ ki Seqspirma qaluri Wirveulobis farglebSi ki ar dastova, aramed igi janys gautola. es janyi sayovelTaod miRebuli normebisa da formebisadmia mimarTuli. iseve, rogorc kirile miminoSvilis ajanyeba formiT komikuria, katrinis qcevac komikur sicils iwvevs, magram am siciliT dawixluli da ganadgurebulia imdroindeli sazogadoebis meSCanuri normebi. Tavdapirvelad TiTqos TviT gmiris mier yovelive es gaucnobierebelia, ajanyebac instinqturia. raRac ZiriTadi nervi, ZiriTadi refleqsia lamazi katrinis arsebaSi, romelic maSinve Riziandeba, rogorc ki mankier mxareebs SeamCnevs adamianebSi, rogorc ki sicrues da moCvenebiTi siyvarulis niRbebs Sefarul personaJebs gadaawydeba xolme igi. sasaxlis zeda sarTulSi Caketili katrini Zu vefxviviT icavs sakuTari vnebebisa da simarTlis avtonomias. amitom ukareba, naxevrad giJi da avi qalis saxeli (romliTac igi monaTles) kidev ufro met stimuls aZlevs, raTa daafrTxos da daaSinos sazogadoeba, adamianebi, ase jiutad rom moiTxoven misgan morCilebasa da wesrigs, riTac ase gamoirCeva misi umcrosi da bianka. da ai, mamiseuli sasaxlis zRurblze axali kandidatura gadaabijebs petruCios saxiT. petruCio katrinis Cveulma Sexvedram sxva sasiZoebiviT ki ar daafrTxo da gaaqcia, aramed iseTive vulgaruli mamakacuri uxeSobiT iwyo TamaSi, rogoriTac katrini TamaSobda. es svla sagangebo da Wkvianuri gamodga, radgan petruCiom sikapasiT saxelganTqmul qalSi dainaxa is, rasac sxvebi ver xedavdnen. es iyo pirovneba. igi mixvda qalis ajanyebis mizezs da imasac mixvda, rom sapasuxo uxeSobiT agrZnobinebda katrins, rom misi esmoda. Tavis mxriv, katrinic mixvda am TamaSs da ufro mondomebiTa da azartiT CaerTo masSi. es TamaSi iqca maTi sulieri danaTesavebis ZiriTad wyarod. TamaSis wyalobiT gauges am rTulma da yvelasgan gamorCeulma adamianebma erTmaneTs. SesaniSnavad miuTiTebda bartoSeviCi: `TamaSi maTTvis, ori niWieri adamianisTvis, gansakuTrebuli pirobiTi enaa. gaugebari ena _ uferuli, uxaliso yoveldRiurobiT mcxovrebi meSCanebisaTvis~.

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vin icis, adamianuri Rirsebebis ra ferad da mdidar varirebas ar SemogvTavazebda karoJna, katrinis msgavsad masac rom gamosCenoda Rirseuli partniori. am partniors SeeZlo qalis mdumare arsebaSi mTvlemare da CaZiruli Tvisebebis amotivtiveba, gamofxizleba, magram es rom momxdariyo, Tavad kaci unda yofiliyo cotaTi mainc sxvebze amaRlebuli, cotaTi mainc dacilebuli miwas. swored amis Semdeg Tu moaxerxebda erTi meoreSi adamianuri sulis danaxvas. saerTod, karoJnas pirovneba daviT kldiaSvilis moTxrobebSi gamoyvanil axalgazrdebs Soris yvelaze metad saWiroebs msgavs daxmarebas. es yvelaze ukeT darispans esmis. marTebulad miuTiTebda am detalze akaki gawerelia: àm sabralo adamians mxolod sxvebi axasiaTeben. ufro xSirad ki mamamisi darispani, radgan karoJna mudam araCveulebrivi gulmodginebiT sdums~. katrinis janyi ara marto dacinvaa, aramed brZolac arabunebriobisa da uniWobis winaaRmdeg. karoJnas da irines ki aramc Tu ajanyeba, aramed ganZrevac ki ar SeuZliaT sakuTari bednierebis misaRebad. ài, esec Seni bedniereba, mama...~ _ ai, irines sayveduriT aRsavse ukanaskneli sityvebi mamisadmi. es aris da es. ra rTulia, cxovrobde am ukidegano qveyanaze da Sens fiqrs, Sens azrovnebas wlebis manZilze ar hqondes Tundac wami _ miraJuli usivrcobisa da udroobisa. daviT kldiaSvilis gmirebs arasodes uxilavT es miraJebi. miraJebi ki ara, isini verc ki ocneboben. Tu ocneboben, isic am ocnebis wili sivrciTa da droiT. es sivrce im oTx kedels iqiT ar gadadis, sadac Sinabera, iqneb sasiZos Tavi rogorme movawonoo, rusul `buzikas~ aWyipinebs. es dro daaxloebiT imden wams iTvlis, ramdeni wamic uWiravs dasamtvrevad ganwiruli finjani karoJnas da ramdeni wamic erTi maTlafa Tbili kerZis gasaTavebladaa saWiro.Wamaze ocnebobs ilia WavWavaZis luarsabic, ra didi gansxvavebaa mis da kldiaSvilis naocnebars Soris! luarsabis ocnebac misi fizionomiis darad qonmoreulia da amdenad _ msuye, sxva sityva rom ar vixmaroT.

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daviT kldiaSvilis gmirebis ocneba maTi sxeuliviT mWlea, imdenad mWle, rom zizRs ki ara, ufro sacodaobis grZnobas aRZravs. da Tu es uocneboba, Cvens mier Catarebuli analizis Semdeg, SedarebiT advilad asaxsneli da logikuri gveCveneba moxuc da saSualo TaobaSi, misi uqonloba aranormaluri da paTologiuria axalgazrdul asakSi. ocneba, rogorc Cvens irgvliv arsebul faqtebsa da movlenebze erTgvari amaRleba, rogorc realuri yofisagan uvnebeli Tavdaxsna, yvelaze intensiurad swored axalgazrdobaSi akiTxavs xolme adamianebs. am SemTxvevaSi ar vgulisxmobT don kixotiseul ocnebas (meocnebe don kixots), romelic misi mudmivobis gamo am gmiris arsebobis ganmsazRvrelia. im minimumze mivaniSnebT, im umciress moviTxovT adamianebisagan, romlis meSveobiTac wamierad mainc gaxdebian isini amaRlebulebi, aRtacebulni an gaxarebulni. arcerTi aRtacebuli axalgazrdis saxe, arcerTi gaxarebuli qali daviT kldiaSvilis moTxrobebSi ar gvxvdeba. da rac yvelaze savalaloa, am asakisTvis yvelaze bunebrivi da yvelaze nacnobi sityva `siyvarulic~ ki arsad araa naxsenebi. erTaderTxel warmosTqva es sityva irinem (ìrines bedniereba~) mamamisis winaSe, rodesac gabeda da SemoZleul abesalomze Tqva, rom ar miyvarso (uaryofiTi nawilaki aqvs am sityvas darTuli, xom SeiZleboda ase eTqva _ me sxva miyvars). da am sityvis xsenebam iseTi gaoceba gamoiwvia, rogorsac didi xnis dakarguli jariskacis ucabedi gamoCena gamoiwvevs xolme sofelSi. siyvarulTan dakavSirebiT gansakuTrebiT kargad ikveTeba damokidebuleba ufros, saSualo da axalgazrda Taobebs Soris. saSualo TaobisaTvis cxovreba da siyvaruli iseTive warmoudgeneli SeTavsebaa, rogorc zRvisa da xmeleTis, miwisa da cis erT sibrtyeze warmodgena. mZime pirobebSi ase ucabedad Cavardnilma saSualo Taobam, SesaZloa, Tavad ver moaxerxa uRlisagan Tavdaxsna, SesaZloa, Secvlil dinebas mCate nafotiviT damorCilda misi aqamde Cin-medlebiTa da wodebrivi upiratesobiT damZime-

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buli fizikuri aRnagoba, magram gonebiT xom mainc ganWvrita momavali. swored amitom erTgvar movaled scno Tavi axalgazrda Taobis winaSe da gadawyvita, droulad SeSveleboda, mxarSi amosdgomoda da swori gziT waeyvana igi. es movaleoba imdenad mZafrad ganicdeba mamaTa TaobaSi, igi imdenad darwmunebulia sakuTari simarTlisa da sikeTis qmnis survilSi, rom TiTqmis yovelTvis aRwevs mizans. TiTqmis yvelTvis imorCilebs gajiutebul axalgazrdobas. magram sijiute, rogorc winaaRmdegobis gawevis cda, mcire, umniSvnelo da ususuria daviT kldiaSvilis moTxrobebSi. winaaRmdegobis gawevis unari yovelTvis gulisxmobs pirovnulobis xelyofas, rac jansaR adamianSi yovelTvis iwvevs protests. pirovnuli uflebebis dacvas ewireba am dros yvelaferi, rac ufro damoukidebeli msoflmxedvelobisa da moraluri idealebis mqonea adamiani, miT ufro xangrZlivia misi stoicizmi, miT ufro metia misi nebeloba, mTi ufro ibrZvis igi pirovnuli uflebebis SesanarCuneblad. yvela Taobas, marTalia, sakuTari interesebi da problemebic Tan sdevs, magram ufro intensiurad da ufro mkveTrad sxvaoba mimavalsa da momaval Taobebs Soris formis TvalsazrisiT SeiniSneba. swored formis arastabiluroba ganapirobebs TaobaTa dapirispirebas. es formaluri mxare imdenad TvalSisacemia, rom xSirad zogadi, aCqarebuli daskvnebis gamotanas uwyobs xels. amitomaa, rom ufros Taobas ironiuli elferi swored maSin gadahkravs saxeze, rodesac saqme exeba axalgazrdobis damokidebulebas iseT maradiul cnebebTan, rogorebicaa megobroba, siyvaruli. ironiiT isini im saidumlos faraven, romlis codnac mxolod maT xelewifebaT da romlis siRrmeSi Caxedvac margalitis maZieblebiviT mxolod maTi saqmea. swored cxovrebis wesis, Secvlili formebis gamo ufros Taobas gulubryvilod sjera, rom megobrobam da siyvarulma mxolod maT warsulSi gaanaTa da iqve datova romantiuli brwyinvaleba. mxolod maT SeeZloT am Zvirfasi poeziiT cxovreba da datkboba. rac Seexeba dRevandeli cxovrebis aCqarebul tempebs, damdablebul, gamartivebul damokidebulebebs, prozauli leqsikis siWarbes, sad SeuZlia xelixel sagogmaneblad Sei-

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naxos siyvaruli da megobroba. igi iseve iolad daiTmoba da gaiyideba auqcionze, rogorc gaRatakebuli aznauris sagvareulo antikvari. religiam dahkarga Tavisi mistiuri idumaleba, romelic saukuneebiT daSorebul sulebs erTmaneTTan aaxloebda. gazrdilia kontaqtebi, gafarToebulia nacnob-mokeTeTa wre da axalgazrda am megobrobisa da siyvarulis gareSec ufro iolad SeZlebs fexi auwyos axali cxovrebis Tavbrudamxvev srbolas, amitomac masTan damSvidobeba arc imdenad saZnelo unda iyos... TiTqos ra imxela gansxvavebaa daviT kldiaSvilis saSualo da axalgazrda Taobebs Soris, rom maTi moqmedebebidan da qcevebidan msgavsi qveteqstis amoxsna SeeZloT. magram, samwuxarod, asea da amas adasturebs ufrosi Taoba, romelmac mesaWis roli ikisra. cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebis gamo sakuTari msoflmxedvelobis Sesabamisad moiwadina axalgazrduli vnebebisa da interesebis gaxedna, gawvrTna. pasivoba da sruli indiferentizmi, sruli morCileba... amaSia axali Taobis sabediswero regresi. vfiqrobT, rom daviT kldiaSvilma sakuTari gmirebisa da personaJebis tragikulobaze yvelaze metad am mxriv gaamaxvila yuradReba. xolo am erTi SexedviT alogikuri (arabunebrivi), daujerebeli morCilebiT axalgazrda Taobas mwerali xSirad komikurad warmogvidgens. amis sailustraciod gamodgeba veeba sefis qveS gamarTuli niSnobis sufra. rodesac samamamTilo qaixosro qaTamaZe Seityobs, rom moyvrebi dapirebul Tanxas mziTvad ar aZleven TavianT qaliSvils, yovelgvari yoymanis gareSe gadawyvets qorwilis CaSlas. am odnav hiperbolizirebul scenaSi, romelic rogorc qarTuli yofisaTvis, ise qarTuli literaturisTvisac kldiaSvilamde ucnobia, damamcirebeli da gasaocari gulgrilobiT imarTeba vaWroba-garigeba. swored am scenaSi mamis yurmoWrili mona, sityvaCamorTmeuli sasiZo (romelsac moswons sapatarZlo) ara marto ususuri da sacodavia, aramed sasaciloc, komikuric, radgan swored mas, am uxerxul aurzaurSi, aravin arafers ekiTxeba. araviTari janyi, araviTari gaficxeba, mxolod Txovna.

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aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom qalis saxe, ramdenime bednieri gamonaklisis garda, axal qarTul literaturaSi fragmentul xasiaTs atarebs. umeteswilad qalTa tipaJebi iseve sqematurad da uRimRamod gamoiyurebian, rogorc zRaprul koSkebSi Caketili e.w. personaJi mzeTunaxavebi. isini TavianT mxsnel mijnurebs gulxeldakrefilni elian da Tundac umciresi fizikuri an gonebrivi energiis gaReba arasodes uwevT. daviT kldiaSvilis talantis mqone mwerali am xarvezis Sevsebas uTuod SeZlebda, mas rom ufro vrceli prozisaTvis (kerZod _ romanisaTvis) moekida xeli. amis utyuar sabuTs iZleva sonias saxe moTxroba `qamuSaZis gaWirvebaSi~, romlis Tavdapirvelad pasiuri, beds mindobili xasiaTic sakuTari ojaxis SeqmnisTanave TandaTan gardaiqmneba da sruliad axali kuTxiT warmoCindeba. magram imdenad, ramdenadac mis mier Sekowiwebuli ojaxic WeSmariti amaRlebuli grZnobebis safuZvelze ar Seqmnila, ramdenadac dediseuli keriidan mis wasvlas movaleoba ufro edo safuZvlad, vidre ltolva da simpaTia saqmrosadmi, ramdenadac isev materialuri dainteresebis xarjze moxda es garigebac, amdenad mwerali miznad ar isaxavs, gviCvenos qalis Sinagani sulieri drama. mTeli moTxrobis manZilze yinulis kedelia aRmarTuli col-qmars Soris, miuxedavad imisa, rom am or adamians erTmaneTi ar sZuls. esaa SemaZrwunebeli martooba adamianebisa. arasodes dialogi col-qmars Soris ar imarTeba im konkretul zRvramde, sanam panikuri SiSi sabolood ar Casaxldeba sonias arsebaSi. SiSi imisa, rom usaxsrobasa da siRatakeSi gaivlis maTi axalgazrdoba, levanis msgavsad aseve upatronod da miusafrad daiRupebian Tavadac. es saubari ufro gandobas hgavs, sasowarkveTili adamianis gandobas, romelic sasoebiT SesTxovs meores, rom daxrCobas gadaarCinos. es gandoba otia qamuSaZeSi sakuTari danaSaulis SegrZnebas kidev ufro metad zrdis da frTxili, SeSinebuli alersiT cdilobs (pirvelad mTeli col-qmrobis manZilze) meuRlis damSvidebas. fsiqologiurad brwyinvaled gadmocemuli es scena erTaderTi wamieri kontaqtia ori adamianis, romlebzedac ase

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damTrgunvelad imoqmeda ekonomiuri pirobebis Secvlam. am faqtma, am yofiTma movlenam Seiwira maTi adamianuri vnebebi, ocnebebi, siyvaruli, sixaruli. gansacvifrebelia is sayovelTao morCileba, romelsac es Taoba ufrosi Taobis winaSe iCens. da Tu daviT kldiaSvilmac Tavis SemoqmedebaSi ar mogvca qarTveli qalis, rogorc damoukidebeli pirovnebis mxatvruli realizeba, es imitom ki ara, rom misma SemoqmedebiTma potenciam ver daZlia rTuli amocana, aramed imitom, rom qalTa xasiaTebis am erTnairobiTa da simdovriT, maTi erTgvari ignorirebiT kidev ufro mZafrad da gamaRizianeblad gausva xazi pasivobis, aseTi morCilebis simaxinjesa da paTologias. amitom karoJna ara marto sacodavia, aramed sasaciloc. amitom beglar jinWaraZisagan sabolood uaryofili da dawixluli nino, swored Tavisi morCilebisa da uTqmelobis gamo, nakleb TanagrZnobas iwvevs. qorwineba, romelsac ase eswrafoda sardionis ojaxi, romc momxdariyo, arc am axal ojaxs eyoleboda siyvaruliTa da pativiscemiT ganebivrebuli fuZisa da Weris angelozi. verc es ojaxi gamoiRebda WeSmaritad sasikeTo nayofs. arafers originalursa da sainteresos ar SemogvTavazebda igi. amitom iqneb sjobda kidec, rom morigi SeuRlebis cda ase mkacrad da kuriozulad damTavrda moTxrobaSi. iseve, rogorc saSualo Taobis warmomadgenlebSi Warbobs saqmiani damokidebuleba, axalgazrdobac am saqmian, gamiznul komunikacias amyarebs erTmaneTTan. isini Sors arian im intimisagan, romelic ase damaxasiaTebelia WeSmariti, amaRlebuli megobrobisaTvis. megobrobas yovelTvis urTierTsimpaTia, urTierTgageba da siyvaruli udevs safuZvlad. megobrobis erTgvari Canasaxi mogvca mweralma soniasa da ninos urTierTobis saxiT (`qamuSaZis gaWirveba~), magram swored socialuri pirobebidan gamomdinare man zustad fsiqologiri niuansebiT gadmogvca ori adamianis daaxloebis erTgvari cda. im sicruis, farisevlobis, trabaxis, niRbebis, cru optimizmisa da gulgrilobis fonze, romelmac sofluri yofis

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erTiani muqi suraTi Seqmna, sardion qveliZis ojaxi is ucnauri garemo aRmoCnda, romlis siRrmeSic ver SeaRwia warRvnis Sedegad gaCenilma uamravma mRvrie Senakadma, angarebisa da sicruis patar-patara (momcro) gubeebiT ar daitbora xasxasa karmidamo. sonias TvalTaxedvis ares gamorCa is, rac ase zustad da realurad dainaxa mweralma, mxatvarma, romlis talantmac kidev erTi imereli aznauris qoxSi gadaswia Wreli farda da udroo dros mosuli stumariviT uneblied gadaawyda mamaSvils Soris Camogdebul uTanxmoebas: `_ qveyana mainc dainaxavs, rarigad icxovreb, vaJbatono, me rom aRar geyolebi... hm! ukvdaveba xom ar mouniWebia CemTvis ufals, Se RmerTgamwyralo, Cemi imediT rom apirob Seni wuTisoflis gatarebas? egeb me xval aRar geyolo, ras Sobi maSin?..~ mamis sayveduri naTeli ilustraciaa imisa, rom es ojaxic imave ultimatumis winaSe dgas, imave gasaWirsa da sawuxars iziarebs, rasac mTeli sofeli, magram imeruli maspinZlobis odnav ampartavnuli TavazianobiT gajerebuli da gawonasworebuli misi TiToeuli wevri ostaturad axerxebs stumrisaTvis SeumCneveli gaxados yovelive da zRurbls gadmobijebul mezobels mosvenebulad, myudrod, bednierad agrZnobinos Tavi. ai, swored amgvari tradiciebis mqone ojaxSi gazrdilma ninom fizikuri silamaziTa da saTnoebiT erTbaSad moajadova qalaqeli patarZali. amitom, rodesac TandaTan aexila sonias Tvali da maWanklis mier ase saguldagulod naqebi ojaxis nacvlad siduxWire SerCa xelSi, dabneulma da sasowarkveTilma qveliZeTa xalisian ojaxs miaSura. am xSiri stumrobiT cdilobda igi gaqceoda realobas, Tvali moexuWa da waeyruebina misTvis. qveliZeTa ojaxi erTgvar TavSesafrad iqca, xolo nino erTaderT da uaxloes megobrad daigula. magram es megobrobac moTxrobaSi isev da isev calmxriv, zedapirul xasiaTs atarebs. radgan Tu sonia, vTqvaT, axerxebs ninos gverdiT droebiT mainc daiviwyos sakuTari ojaxis siduxWire, mis gverdiT yofnisas daibrunos qaliSvilobis xana, samagierod, Tavis mxriv, arasodes ar interesdeba ninos sulieri

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samyaroTi, misi gamouTqmeli gancdebiTa da ocnebebiT. iqneb imitomac, rom sonias gulubryvilod swams _ savse ojaxSi gazrdil qals ra sawuxari da dardi SeiZleba amZimebdeso. Tavis mxriv, ninoc jiutad sdums da arasodes am or ymawvil qals Soris ar Cndeba is Sexebis wertili, is sulieri naTesauri kontaqti, romelic gamouval mdgomareobaSi Cavardnil adamianebs xSirad mxsnelad evlineba xolme. TviT im scenaSic ki, rodesac sonias Zmisgan motyuebuli da Seuracxyofili nino sabolood daijerebs, rom miatoves, sonias misamarTiT mas erTi sityvac ar dascdeba. am sifrTxilis mizezi is ki ar aris, rom isedac Sewuxebul megobars kidev ufro metad ar etkinos guli, ara, nino imdenadaa SeCveuli martoobas, rom verc ki warmoudgenia, vinme qomagad daudges gasaWiris Jams. imdenad didi da Rrmaa misi Sinagani, sulieri drama, sityvebiT, albaT, naklebad da damamcireblad gacxaddeboda. amitom _ isev dumili, is Cveuli da TvalSi sacemi dumili, romelsac ase xSirad mimarTavs mwerali, roca swored mxatvruli zomierebisa da taqtis wyalobiT xSirad ufro mets amboben misi gmirebi, vidre sityvebi. Tavis mxriv, Zmis upatiosnobiT aRSfoTebuli da aforiaqebuli sonia megobris dasacavad imasac ki ver axerxebs, rom Tundac usayveduros beglars. rodesac am damokidebulebebs guldasmiT vikvlevT, isev da isev wamoiWreba SekiTxva _ saidanaa es morCileba, es umoqmedoba? mizezs mwerali im uaRresad dakonkretebul, dawvrilmanebul urTierTobebSi xedavs, romlebiTac adamianebi erTmaneTs ukavSirdebian. gamqralia saerTo, zogadadamianuri Rirsebis Semfasebeli kriteriumebi. Tvalsawierze mudam sakuTari Tavi, sakuTari sisxli, sakuTari mamuli da sakuTari kuWi moCans... amdenad es adamianebi TavianTi viwro, yofiTi interesebiTa da vnebebiT ara marto sasaciloni arian, aramed ubedurebic... `cotaTi gvian CaaqreT Suqi... dae, cotaTi metxans icocxlon Ramis peplebma... bedniereba swored iq iwyeba, saca adamiani sakuTar Tavze fiqrs swyvets~ (kinoreJisor Tamaz meliavas dRiuridan).

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sakuTari Tavis dauviwyeblobis gamo am adamianebs TiTqos wyvdiadSi uxdebaT cxovreba. daviT kldiaSvilma, rogorc realistma mweralma, samarTlianad migvaniSna im egoistur sawyisebze, romelic ganmsazRvrel pirobad iqca adamianTa siaxlovesa da megobrobaSi. gaanalizebul axalgazrdul saxeebs aucileblad unda daematos sikoias saxe moTxrobidan `qamuSaZis gaWirveba~. erTi SexedviT, Cumi, mokrZalebuli ymawvili, romelic qalTa sazogadoebaSi arcTu ise Tavisuflad grZnobda Tavs. magram ramdenadac karoJnas pasivobis miRma mweralma uvnebeli da ueSmako qalis aTgzis Seuracxyofili Tvinieri xasiaTi dagvanaxa, imdenad sikoias pasiobas gamiznuli, winaswar mofiqrebuli da gaazrebuli mizezebi ganapirobebs. am ymawvil kacSi, romelic mTeli moTxrobis manZilze erTaderT SekiTxvas imeorebs qaliSvilebis misamarTiT, daviT kldiaSvilma is gamofitva aRmoaCina, romelic saSiSi da gulgrili damokidebulebiT vlindeba. TiTqos sikoias metyvelebis unari aqvs dakarguli da erTaderT SekiTxvasac _ àqvs rame?~ _ saaTis isrebiviT meqanikurad da monotonurad imeorebs. es sityvebi mTeli misi sulieri da gonebrivi avladidebis sazomsac warmoadgens. aTiode winadadebas ambobs mTels piesaSi sikoia, aqedan umetesoba amgvari saxisaa: `ki, batono!~, àra, batono!~, `gmadlobT, batono!..~ am SeniRbuli mSvidobianobisa da simSvidis miRma misi umTavresi da upirvelesi cxovrebiseuli mizani fxizlobs: rac SeiZleba mdidari qali SeirTos colad. amgvari angarebiT Sepyrobili adamianis mravali literaturuli saxea cnobili, magram imas, rasac sxva mwerlebi aTasgvari fsiqologiuri wiaRsvlebiT, intrigebiTa da sxva mxatvruli meTodebiT aRweven, daviT kldiaSvilTan leqsikis saocari siZunwiT, momWirneobiTaa miRweuli. TiTqos kidev ramdenime winadadebiT rom gaemxila sikoias miznebi, iseTi mZafri da dasamaxsovrebeli aRar iqneboda misi araadamianuri simSvide da uyuradReboba (gulgriloba) umziTvo qalisadmi. mxatvruli gamarjvebis erT umTavres sawindrad tolstoi zomierebis grZnobas asaxelebs. Cvens mier naxsenebi mom-

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Wirneobac uaRresad zomierad da taqtianadaa mwerlis mier gadmocemuli. *** kidev erTi asaki gadairbens, gamoanaTebs daviT kldiaSvilis moTxrobebSi bavSvoba... zrdili patarebi ubatonod xmas rom ar gascemen ded-mamas, bebiebsa da babuebs, erTi sityviT, ufrosebs. Tvinierebi... momTmenni. sifrifana, dakonkili perangis qveS gamalebiT scems jer gadauRleli guli. dakerebuli wuRebi acviaT aznauris Svilebsa da SviliSvilebs... samagierod zrdiloba gaaCniaT _ yvelaze Zvirfasi da realuri memkvidreoba. ufros-umcrosis garCeva jer kidev pirze rZeSeuSrob balRebsac ki ar eSlebaT. amitom arsadaa komikuri, Tundac bavSvuri, gulubryvilo gamoxtoma maSin, rodesac maTi moxuci babua colis Txovas gadawyvets. arsad zedmeti xumroba an celqoba, rodesac sandomiani dedaberi patarZlad Semova ojaxSi. magram igrZnoba faruli perspeqtiva... is, rac ar gamoepareba ufrosi qalis, melanos Tvals, ar gamoepareba arc umcrosi asakis mayurebels. im sabediswero dRidan, rodesac platoni darwmunda dedinacvlis fexmZimobaSi, es patarebic Cveulebrivi SviliSvilebi ki aRar arian, aramed umcrosi asakis mayureblebi. mayureblebi, romelTa TanagrZnobac maTi asakisaTvis Cveuli samarTlianobisa da bunebriobis mxareze ki aRaraa, aramed `dazaralebuli~ mSoblebis mxareze. is, rac Tavis droze (mSoblebisagan gansxvavebiT) gulubryvilod miiRes patarebma, iseve gulubryvilod da mxiarulad, rogorc mzis amosvla da pirveli Tovli, axla erTbaSad amovarda maTi bunebriobis moyvaruli samyarodan. isini ukve rogorc bavSvebi, gaocebulni, eSmakuri TvalebiT ki aRar Sescqerian bebiis gaberil mucels, aramed rogorc msajulebi. es ki maTi bavSvuri asakis tragediaa. esaa gaucnobierebeli mtroba im mZime tvirTisadmi, ase naadrevad rom ahkida maT cida mxrebs cxovrebam. esaa fsiqologiuri Semzadeba da safuZveli im Taobisa, romelic platonisa da melanos Semdeg unda movides...

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bunebrivia, am fsiqologiiT aRzrdili bavSvi gacilebiT daundobeli iqneba sxvis mimarT. mas is Zala da niWic aRar eyofa, sakuTari tragedia komikurad gamoxatos, rasac ase virtuozulad axerxeben maTi mamebi da winaprebi. esaa potenciurad gadagvarebuli, damaxinjebuli Taoba, romlis miRebasac jer kidev gaCenamde aujanyda cxovreba. magram bunebam Tavisi gaitana... isini mainc gaCndnen da dediSobila, RvTisanabara daiarebian am ukidegano samyaroSi. dadis dedaberi, davrdomili, ususuri... cali xeli am patarisaTvis CauWidia, caliT kidev `zakonis furcels~ daaTrevs. vin icis, iqneb furcelma, marTlac, gaitanos Tavisi. iqneb adamianebis mier dadgenilma kanonma miakuTvnos am upatrono biWs kuTvnili Weri da lukma, magram mTavari racaa, swored isaa dakarguli! swored isaa darRveuli da gamoclili! adamianuri TanagrZnoba, adamianuri Sewyaleba, adamianuri damokidebuleba da mere _ visgan?!. sakuTari sisxlisa da xorcisagan, sakuTari Zmisagan. esaa WeSmariti tragedia. amitom iSviaTad, aTasSi erTxel, maTi dakonkili samosidan ara mxolod vardisferi da ubiwo sxeuli gamoanaTebs xolme, aramed is sasowarkveTili da mZime sevdac, romelic cxovrebananaxi kacis mudmivi Tanamgzavria.

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grigol robaqiZe (1882-1962)

manana kvataia

samecniero novacia marTebuli aqcentebiT evropelma kolegebma grigol robaqiZe germaniaSi emigrirebisTanave did Semoqmedad aRiares. gamorCeuli xvedris mwerali dasavleTSi saqarTvelos erTgvari despani-inteleqtuali gaxldaT. misTvis sxvadasxva dros mravali aRfrTovanebuli striqoni miuZRvniaT. sicocxlis miwuruls, 1962 wels, mxcovan Semoqmeds survili gasCenia, zogierTi es Sefaseba STamomavalTa sayuradRebod sakuTar `Pro domo sua~-Si warmoedgina. is siamayiT SeniSnavda, rom amgvari aRiareba `mxolod mcire odenobis msoflio qmnilebebs Tu gadaulaxavs~. am Tezis demonstrirebisaTvis robaqiZe ramdenime mosazrebas gamohyofs. pirvelad damowmebulia esad beis (Essad Bey, lev nusimbaumi, igive yurban saidi) sayuradRebo Sefasebani: ùCveulo ramaa, rom mwerali, romlis mxolod ori Txzulebaa (igulisxmeba `gvelis perangi~ da `megi~) _ cnobili germanuli sazogadoebisaTvis, umalve geniosad gamovacxadoT! robaqiZis SemTxvevaSi ki gamonaklisi dasaSvebia~; `rabindranaT Tagori gaxldaT pirveli, vinc aRmosavleTidan evropaSi saukuneebis xangrZlivobis dumilis Semdeg SemoaRwia. mas axla g.r. mosdevs. Tumca robaqiZe ufro pirveladia da miwasTan dakavSirebuli, vidre indoeli nobelis premiis laureati~ (statia Jurnal Echo der Zeit-Si, rveuli 2, berlini, 1933). `Pro domo sua~-Si CarTulia aseve fred honCis (Fred Hontsch) statiis fragmenti (Jurnali Hochland, 1934-1935, rveuli 6): àm gzaze is, viTarca winamZRoli Tavisi xalxisa, romlis erTaderTi WeSmariti da erTaderTi namdvili xsna aris robaqiZe, WeSmaritad saxalxo poetia, rogornic iyvnen – esqile, sofokle da homerosi saberZneTisaTvis, viTarca dante italiisaTvis, dostoevski ruseTisaTvis, holderlini da klaisti germaniisaTvis _ saxalxo poetebi, ara mxolod xalxis gamoxatvis fsiqologiur-socialuri gagebiT, ara-

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med xalxis, rogorc sulieri qmnadobis da religiuri mniSvnelobis ganmartebis maRali gagebiT~. hans peSkes (Hans Paeschke) Tavis gamokvlevaSi èlementebis gamovlena~ (Jurnali ECKART, Tebervali, 1936) qarTvel mweralze aseTi ram aRuniSnavs: àq Cveni cnobierebis yvela forma maT wyaros imgvaradvea msxverpliseburad SeerTebuli, rogorc Tavad TviTSemecneba _ ciklSi Caketil yofierebas. mas xelewifeba, am poeturi samyaros xelSesaxeb sawyisebs, msurda meTqva, kosmogoniur xarisxs, emadlierebodes. es gaxlavT samyaro uTvalav da spontanur sawyisTa, romlebic miwis idumali wiaRidan vulkanuri ZaliT gamodian, raTa erT wamSi, Seqmnis aqts rom esaWiroeba, formad koncentrirdnen. impulsebi, romlebic robaqiZis adamianebs amxnevebs, gangawyobs SedarebisaTvis, TiTqosda amgvari ram samyaros Seqmnisas unda momxdariyo. adamianebi, aseTi miwidan rom amodian, dasavluri gagebiT rodi arian pirovnebebi, romlebic miwier Zalebs icnoben, an mxolod maTTvis ibrZvian _ isini bunebis elementebis (stiqiebis) msgavsi arsebebi arian~. leopold ciglers (Leopold Ziegler) Tavis monumentur `tradiciaSi~ aRuniSnavs, rom `Caklul sulSi~ grigol robaqiZes stalinis `miTosuri xati~ `SemaZrwunebeli xelovnebiT~ warmoudgenia. iq aseve naTqvamia: ìs (robaqiZe), rogorc Ze da SvilTaSvili qaldeuri xalxis namsxvrevebisa, marTlac kvlav miTosuri samyaros SuagulSi dgas, viTarca sakuTar, memkvidreobiT miRebul gancdaTa sivrceSi, da ar sWirdeba, rogorc Cven, xelovnurad miRebuli xsovna, aramed oden STambeWdavi azri, alersiani Tvalmidevneba imisa, rac mas jer kidev yovelmxriv garemoicavs, viTarca xeluxlebeli dedis wiaRi~ (`tradicia~, 2, 1949, gv. 264). es mravlismTqmeli Sefasebebi Cven movitaneT grigol robaqiZis am bolo xanebamde ucnobi germanulenovani Txzulebidan `Pro domo sua~, romelic avtors 1962 wlis apriliT dauTariRebia. misi arseboba gita fon Straxvitcisadmi miwerili robaqiZis werilebidan SevityveT. es da sxva dRemde ucnobi pirvelxarisxovani masalebi gagvacno gasul wels germaniaSi nugeSa gagniZisa da margret Suxardis avtorobiT gamocemulma SesaniSnavma wignma `grigol robaqiZe (18801962). qarTveli mwerali or enasa da kulturas Soris~,

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aaxeni, 2011 (Nugescha Gagnidse. Margret Schuchard. Grigol Robakidse (1880-1962). Ein georgischer Dichter zwischen zwei Sprachen und Kulturen. Shaker Verlag. Aachen, 2011). wignis ramdenime egzemplari n. gagniZem saqarTveloSic Camoitana. nugeSa gagniZe quTaisis saxelmwifo universitetis, margret Suxardi ki _ haidelbergis universitetis profesori gaxlavT. maTi erToblivi Rvawlisa da rudunebis Sedegad mkiTxvelma germanul enaze miiRo grigol robaqiZisadmi miZRvnili erT-erTi saukeTeso, Semajamebeli naSromi, romlis pirveli nawili vrceli da detaluri samecniero gamokvlevaa (gv, 1-201), meore ki `damatebis~ saxiT warmoadgens wignis avtorTa da sxva ucxoeli mecnierebis mier aRmoCenil grigol robaqiZis germanulenovan teqstebs (gv. 203-298), romelTa umetesoba ucnobi iyo da wignSi pirvelad ibeWdeba. am mxriv am erTobliv naSroms fasdaudebeli mniSvneloba aqvs. amas garda, gansakuTrebiT Zvirfasia germaniasa da evropis sxva qveynebSi gamovlenili mravali wyaro da informacia, romlebic gamocemaSi, motanili da damowmebuli. mkvlevarTaTvis aseve monapovaria wigns darTuli grigol robaqiZis Txzulebebisa da mwerlis irgvliv arsebuli mravalferovani literaturis bibliografia (qarTul da evropul enebze) (gv. 299-328), romlis didi nawili aseve naklebad cnobili iyo. avtorTa winaswar SeniSvnaSi miTiTebulia, rom warmodgenili naSromi siaxlea da exeba biografiul da literaturul-kritikul sakiTxebs, iyenebs mraval wyaros, romlebic pirvelad qveyndeba, ukeT rom gavigoT avtori, romelic or _ germanul da qarTul samyaros Soris mogzaurobda. wignis aTi Tavidan nugeSa gagniZes ekuTvnis 1,2,3,4,7 Tavebi, margret Suxards _ 5,6,8,9,10 Tavebi. Sesaval nawilSi avtorebi dialogis originaluri formiT gadmoscemen TavianT damokidebulebas mwerlis mimarT, romlis Sesaxeb urTierTsawinaaRmdego mosazrebebi arsebobs. aRniSnulia, rom maTTvis amosavali wertili isaa, Tu rogor kiTxuloben qarTvelebi da germanelebi robaqiZes da rogor aRiqvamen mas. am dialogSi n. gagniZe da m. Suxardi ayalibeben TavianT mosazrebebs grigol robaqiZis adgilsa da rolze, mis msoflmxedvelobriv momentebze, qarTul Tu

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germanulenovan poeziaze, prozaul teqstebze, dramebze, romanebze. wignis pirvel TavSi nugeSa gagniZe mravalferovani samecniero naSromebisa da wyaroebis SejerebiT safuZvliand mimoixilavs mwerlis biografias 1931 wlamde, mis germaniaSi saboloo emigrirebamde. aq saubaria grigol robaqiZis dabadebis TariRis dazustebaze, mis mSoblebsa Tu dedmamiSvilebze, quTaisis sasuliero seminariaSi misi swavlis wlebze (1895-1901), 1901 wlis 23 agvistodan 13 dekembramde tartus universitetSi studentobis xanaze. aqve damowmebulia sayuradRebo wyaroebi, romlebic azusteben robaqiZis biografiis momentebs 1900-ian wlebSi, saubaria WiaTuris marganecis stipendiaze, romlis wyalobiTac momaval mwerals 1902-1906 wlebSi swavla laifcigis universitetSi gaugrZelebia. n. gagniZis miTiTebiT, germaniaSi grigols gansakuTrebiT itacebda goeTe, holderlini, novalisi, klaisti, nicSe. 1907 wels safrangeTSi swavlis gagrZelebas misTvis axali impulsi miucia. aq mas aRmouCenia bodleri da rembo, floberi da stendali. n. gagniZe Tvals adevnebs robaqiZis studentobis wlebs isev tartuSi 1910 wlidan 1914 wlis martamde, sadac iurisprudenciis dasaufleblad mwerals 8 semestri uswavlia. aqve aRniSnulia, 1912 wels malariiT daavadebis gamo is samkurnalod borjomSi Camosula. 1914 wlidan mwerali yazanis universitetSi gadasula, Tumca pirveli msoflio omis gamo iZulebuli gamxdara, saqarTveloSi maleve dabrunebuliyo. aq is kvlav agrZelebs wina wlebSi dawyebul sajaro leqciebs. amave TavSi mimoxilulia grigol robaqiZis, rogorc leqtoris, moRvaweoba 1915 wels, qalTa kursebze, 1919-1920 wlebSi baqosa da Tbilisis universitetebSi, kavSiri `cisferyanwelebTan~, 1916 wels sparseTSi misi gamgzavreba samxedro mosamsaxuris misiiT. am TavSi ganxilulia mwerlis naSromebi kulturisa da literaturis sakiTxebze. n. gagniZe Cerdeba robaqiZis, rogorc romanistis saqmianobaze, ixsenebs `gvelis perangis~ daweris istorias. aqve saubaria mis pirvel da meore qorwinebaze, motanilia cnobebi grigol robaqiZis saqarTveloSi samsaxuris adgilebze, naxsenebia germaniaSi mis savaraudo kavSirze `TeTri giorgis qarTul

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komitetTan~. 1941 wlidan robaqiZe yofila erT-erTi winamZRoli `saqarTvelos damoukideblobis komitetisa~, 1942 wlidan _ Tanadamaarsebeli `qarTvel tradicionalistTa kavSirisa~. is gaxldaT aqtiuri wevri evropis mweralTa gaerTianebisa da Tanagamomcemeli samecniero da literaturuli Jurnalisa `bedi qarTlisa~. nugeSa gagniZes calke Tavi miuZRvnia grigol robaqiZis adreuli periodis qarTuli TxzulebebisaTvis. is axasiaTebs mwerlis sajaro leqciebs literaturaSi, filosofiasa da xelovnebaSi, mimoixilavs moxsenebaTa Tematikasa da gamoxmaurebebs am gamosvlaTa gamo. avtori Cerdeba grigol robaqiZisa da daviT kasraZis kamaTze nicSes gagebasTan dakavSirebiT, aqve is msjelobs mwerlis adreul poetur Semoqmedebaze, dramebze, `gvelis perangze~. sayuradRebo dakvirvebebs gvTavazobs mkvlevari wignis im TavSi, romelic robaqiZis teqstebis Targmanis problemasa da maT urTierTSedarebas eZRvneba. n. gagniZes erTmaneTisaTvis Seujerebia `gvelis perangis~ qarTuli da germanuli teqstebi. misi daskvniT, romanis qarTul teqsts 22 Tavi da epilogi aqvs, germanuls _ 8 Tavi da epilogi. n. gagniZis sxva dakvirvebebi aseve angariSgasawevia. amave TvalsazrisiT Seswavlilia robaqiZis sxva Txzulebebi. gamokvlevaSi gaanalizebulia leninisa da stalinis mwerliseuli portretebi. qarTveli mkiTxvelisaTvis mraval ucnob, sayuradRebo faqts warmoadgens margret Suxardi wignis im TavSi, romelSic 1931-1945 wlebSi germaniaSi grigol robaqiZis cxovreba da kavSirebia ganxiluli. mwerlis piradi saqmis monacemebiT cxadi xdeba, rom robaqiZe germaniaSi sabWoTa kavSiris moqalaqis pasportiT Casula, romelic aRar gaugrZelebiaT. aq ki mas germaniis raixis ucxouri pasportiT ucxovria, SveicariaSi ki usamSoblos (Staatsloser) statusi miuRia. naSromSi saubaria mwerlisa da misi ojaxis cxovrebis pirobebze. maTi mokrZalebuli bina berlinSi, naxodStraseze, patara rusuli marTlmadidebluri eklesiis axlos yofila. iqve, sardafebSi, oqtombris revoluciis Semdeg germaniaSi emigrirebuli rusebi cxovrobdnen. sayuradReboa wignSi CarTuli

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vilhelm fliteris mogoneba, Tu rogor Sexvda igi germaniaSi emigrirebul qarTvel mwerals. margret Suxardi mniSvnelovan cnobebs gvawvdis grigol robaqiZis germanul kavSirebze da mis nacnob-megobrebze. sayuradReboa informacia kavkasiidan emigrirebuli esad beize (lev nusimbaumze). mas germaniaSi Casuli robaqiZisagan pirvels auRia interviu, romelic 1931 wels daubeWdavs Jurnal `Die litterarische Welt~-Si, glosariumis rubrikaSi. m. Suxardi SeniSnavs, rom 1905 wels baqoSi dabadebuli esad bei È-B~-s xelmoweriT ibeWdeboda, 1922-1932 wlebSi mas germaniaSi ucxovria, Semdeg venaSi, bolos italiaSi gadasula, 1937 wels ki yurban saidis fsevdonimiT venaSi gamoucia romani àli da nino~. 1931 wels esad beisac SeuTxzavs ese stalinze, isic germanulad werda, masac sZulda kavkasiis rusificireba. germaneli mecnieri Cerdeba grigol robaqiZis urTierTobebze ludvig klagesTan, leopold ciglerTan, vilhelm SeferTan, bruno goetcTan, zombartebis ojaxTan da sxv. naSromSi saintereso dokumenturi masalaa CarTuli robaqiZis meuRleze, elene fialkinaze. aseve mniSvnelovani cnobebia gadmocemuli margret Suxardis gamokvlevaSi, romlis saTauria àvtori da gamomcemeli~. aq daxasiaTebulia grigol robaqiZis urTierToba ienis diderixsis gamomcemlobasTan, romelmac jer kidev 1928 wels germanul enaze `gvelis perangi~ dabeWda, Semdeg ki mwerlis sxva cnobili wignebi. Suxards mouZiebia masala, romelic adasturebs grigol robaqiZis monawileobas 1936 wels am gamomcemlobis 40 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnil zeimSi. mkvlevari miuTiTebs, rom qarTveli mwerali piradad ar icnobda oigen diderixs, romelic 1930 wels gardacvlila. robaqiZis partniorebi yofilan kornelius bergmani da maqs linke. naSromSi CarTulia is Sefasebani, romlebic diderixsis gamomcemlobaSi dabeWdil grigol robaqiZis wignebs mohyva: evropaSi grigoli warmatebuli mwerali gaxldaT. aqve motanilia saintereso cxrili, sadac warmodgenilia cifrebi, Tu rogor iyideboda misi wignebi germaniaSi 19281945 wlebSi.

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wignis Semdegi Tavi `nicSes robaqiZiseuli recefcia~ nugeSa gagniZes ekuTvnis. avtori SeniSnavs, rom cnobil germanel filosofoss gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs robaqiZis `miTosur realizmSi~. naSromSi gamoyofilia zeadamianis, dionisuri da maradiuli dabrunebis nicSeanuri ideebi. aqve n. gagniZe ixsenebs im qarTvel inteleqtualebs, romlebic gasuli saukunis dasawyisSi aseve werdnen nicSeze. mkvlevari Tvlis, rom robaqiZe sxvagvarad interpretirebs xsnisa da zeadamianis nicSeseul ideas. kerZod, àdamiangmirs~ is qristianul moralTan akavSirebs. robaqiZis Txzulebebze dakvirvebiT nugeSa gagniZe axasiaTebs dionisur sawyiss qarTvelTa yofaSi, qarTul simReraSi, cekvaSi. mwerlis azriT, `saqarTvelos mTeli istoria dionisuri misteriaa: sikvdili da sicocxle, mospoba da aRorZineba~. is `vefxistyaosanSic~ ki apolonur da dionisur xatebs ganarCevs (dionisuri _ tarielSi, apolonuri _ avTandilSi da a. S.). mkvlevari `gvelis perangSic~ poulobs dionisos miTis paralelebs. n. gagniZe aanalizebs aseve maradiuli dabrunebis ideis robaqiZiseul gagebas, swavlobs nicSesa da grigolis mxatvrul saxeebs. misi daskvniT, `miuxedavad rTuli cxovrebisa da Rrma tanjvisa, is (robaqiZe) optimisti rCeba da elis niSans, elodeba Tavis dRes _ viTarca Zma zaraTustrasi~. wignis bolo Tavebi margret Suxardis avtorobiTaa. germanel mecniers Seuswavlia poligloti mwerlis enis Taviseburebani. mkvlevarTaTvis aqac gamorCeuli Rirebulebisaa naSromSi gamoyenebuli mdidari dokumenturi masala, maT Soris, grigol robaqiZis piradi werilebi misi leqtoris, bergmanisadmi, poet hans peSkesadmi da sxv. naSromSi moxmobilia leopold cigleris Sexeduleba, romlis Tanaxmad, `gvelis perangi~, `Cakluli suli~ da `mcvelni gralisa~ gaxlavT bolSevizmisa da revoluciis Zlevis `qarTuli trilogia~. margret Suxardi Cerdeba robaqiZis calkeul TxzulebaTa enaze da moaqvs evropelTa Sexedulebani qarTveli mwerlis teqstebze. Suxardi calke Tavs uZRvnis robaqiZis damokidebulebas nacional-socializmTan da aanalizebs mis wigns hitlerze. am Txzulebaze msjelobisas mkvlevari iyenebs `Cem ganmartebasac~, romelic mwerals 1947 wlis Semodgomaze dauwe-

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ria. am ori teqstis SepirispirebiT sayuradRebo daskvnebia miRebuli. germaneli mecnieri Cerdeba aseve grigol robaqiZis `musolinize~ da miuTiTebs, rom es mwerlis bolo publikacia iyo. gamorCeuli Rirebulebisaa margret Suxardis gamokvleva, romelic 1945-1962 wlebSi robaqiZis SveicariaSi cxovrebis periods eZRvneba. aqac CvenTvis naklebad cnobili mdidari faqtobrivi da dokumenturi masalaa moxmobili. kerZod, pirvelad qveyndeba fragmentebi robaqiZis mimoweridan germaneli da Sveicarieli adresatebisadmi. sayuradReboa korina zombartisadmi gagzavnili baraTi, sadac grigol robaqiZe xsnis Tavis erT-erT fsevdonims: àvalon orbels~, romelic mwerals Semdeg àvalon kardueliT~ Seucvlia. Crdilo-atlantikuri tradiciiT àvaloni~ `sibrZnis kunZuls~ niSnavso, _ ganmartavs igi. m. Suxardi axasiaTebs im kontaqtebs, romlebic robaqiZes hqonda rogorc evropel, ise qarTvel cnobil pirovnebebTan. emociurobiT gamoirCeva gamokvlevaSi CarTuli baraTi hans peSkesadmi, romlis avtoria grigolis colis disSvili alia. is 1962 wlis 26 noembers, mwerlis gardacvalebis Semdegaa dawerili. alia auwyebs germanel poets: grigol robaqiZe gulis infarqtiT gardaicvalao. am baraTidan vigebT, rom miuxedavad soliduri asakisa, mwerlis sikvdili moulodneli gaxldaT. `didi xania, is ase janmrTelad ar yofila, ase savse sicocxlis xalisiTa da axali SemoqmedebiTi energiiT. albaT man Tqven mogweraT mis Sexvedrasa da siyvarulze veneli axalgazrda qalisadmi da Tavisi samomavlo gegmebi gagiziaraT. man swored am kviraSi didi sasixarulo mRelvareba gadaitana da, vfiqrob, es mRelvareba misi gulisaTvis metad Warbi aRmoCnda~. margret Suxardi mwerlis arqivis bedsac exeba da Tavis gamokvlevaSi CamoTvlis grigol robaqiZis im gamouqveynebel TxzulebaTa saTaurebs, romlebic a. zigrists aRuweria: 1. `fridrix nicSe~, metafizikuri portreti (1948, 21 gverdi); 2. `mose~ (1946, 125 gverdi), iqve, ìsraeli, viTarca saidumlo da bediswera~; 3. `nesusis perangi~, àvalon karduelis~ fsevdonimiT (81 gverdi, stalinze 9 gverdamde); 4.ìzisis engadi~ (20-da 57 gverdamde); 5. àtlanturi zmaneba~ (67+5

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gverdi); 6. `werilebi msoflios~ (àvalon karduelis~ fsevdonimiT); 7. `rasputini, rusi enqidu~ (20 gverdi); 8. `saqarTvelo mis msoflxatSi~ (iqve misi franguli Targmani); 9.`Sexvedrebi~ (ciglerTan, kaizerlingTan, bliuerTan). yvela es teqsti CvenTvis dRemde ucnobia. gamokvlevis daskvniTi nawilSi miTiTebulia grigol robaqiZis Sveicariis periodis ori publikacia: 1. 1961 wels `qarTvelTa msoflxati~ Jurnal àtlantisSi~ àvalon karduelis~ xelmoweriT gamoqveynebula; 2. 1962 wlis 7 dekembers `qarTvelTa savizito baraTi” Jurnal `ciurixer voxes~ daubeWdavs. es Txzulebebic jerjerobiT miuwvdomelia. Suxardis informaciiT, sicocxlis bolo wlebSi mwerals ganuzraxavs, Tavisi qmnilebebi inglisurad eTargmna, raTa misi Semoqmedebis mkiTxvelTa wre gafarToebuliyo. mas mravali gegma hqonia, magram maTi ganxorcieleba ar dascalda. uZvirfasesi masalaa warmodgenili n. gagniZisa da m. Suxardis wignis meore nawilSi, `damatebaSi~, sadac qronologiuri TanmimdevrobiTaa dabeWdili grigol robaqiZis germanulenovani Txzulebebi. maTi umravlesoba pirvelad qveyndeba. aq ibeWdeba robaqiZis 19 germanuli leqsi, Semdeg _ 13 prozauli teqsti germanul enaze, maT Soris, iseTi mniSvnelovani Txzulebebi, rogorebicaa: `Cemi ganmarteba~, `Pro domo sua”, `teqne da miTosi~, `Cemi cxovrebis gza~ da sxvebi. mkvlevarTaTvis siaxle da didi informaciis Semcvelia wignis bolo, bibliografiuli nawili, sadac qronologiuri TanmimdevrobiTaa dalagebuli mwerlis wignebisa da Txzulebebis publikaciebi evropul da qarTul enebze, aqve dawvrilebiTaa aRnusxuli sxvadasxva enaze grigol robaqiZis irgvliv arsebuli mravalferovani literatura. wigns erTvis saxelTa saZiebeli. `grigol robaqiZe (1880-1962). qarTveli mwerali or enasa da kulturas Soris~ ZiriTadad germaneli mkiTxvelisTvisaa gankuTvnili, Tumca aSkaraa, rom mas gverds robaqiZis vercerTi mkvlevari ver auvlis. es wignis akademizmis, avtorTa kompetenturobisa da profesionalizmis, warmodgenili masalis siaxlisa da solidurobis damsaxurebaa. gansakuTrebul madlobas imsaxureben wignis avtorebi, profesorebi

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nugeSa gagniZe da margret Suxardi, romelTa didi mcdelobiT mkiTxvelma gamorCeuli Rirebulebis gamocema miiRo. Cven vTargmneT wignis `damatebaSi~ dabeWdili mcire moculobis teqsti `vinsent van gogi, ezoTeruli meditacia grigol robaqiZisa~ (`Vincent van Gogh. Esotherische Meditation von Grigol Robakidse~). es gaxlavT fragmenti Txzulebisa, romlis Seqmnis TariRi jerjerobiT ucnobia. misi originali 2010 wels i. WavWavaZis saxelobis saqarTvelos parlamentis erovnuli biblioTekisaTvis gadauciaT. qvemoT gTavazobT am Targmans:

grigol robaqiZe

vinsent van gogi SiSveli, sruli SuadRisas, odes yvela, sunTqvaSekruli, idumalad moaxloebuli Txisfexeba mwyemsTa RmerTis mTrTolvare molodinSi foToliviT irindeba, qvis notio gamoqvabulidan nel-nela gamoxoxdeba mewamuli gveli da mzes mieficxeba. mere igi mzisken aRimarTeba da xarbi ylupebiT sxivTa nakads svams. uecrad _ TiTqos nakadi pirSi daamrgvalao _ oqrosfer-yviTel qvas gadmoagdebs. is mas Sors gadaisvris da mzis sxivebSi TamaSobs. qva jadosnobiTaa aRsavse. Tu vinme SesZlebs, gvels qva idumali xerxiT gamostacos, Semdeg misTvis yofiereba RvTaebrivi gaxdeba. ase mogviTxrobs erTi qarTuli Tqmuleba. jadosnur qvas qarTvelTa enaze `xviTo~ hqvia. sityvis ZirSi epiTeti, Cans, `RvTaebrivadaa~ Casmuli. qva oqrosfer-yviTlad brwyinavs, viTarca mzis kvercxi. atlantisis taZris erTi sveti, romelzec, platonis RvTaebrivi cnobiT, samsxverplo cxoveli ikvleboda, oqrosfer-spilenZisferi Òreichalkos~-iT ifereboda, uZvelesi drois metaliT, romlis Senadnobi dakar-

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guli Cans _ an is kretaze, knososis sasaxleSi, balTaze Tu aRmoCndeba? ueWvelia, jadosnuri qvis, `xviTos~ msgavsad anaTebda is sveti, romelzec Sesawiri samsxverplo aqtis gziT RvTaebriv elements eziareboda. egvipteSi fiqrobdnen: gandobils xelewifeboda, mzis fluidebi Tavis sakuTar sisxlSi miezida. Tqmuleba axmianda, viTarca eqo atlantTagan mzis gaRmerTebisa. vinsent van gogs sicocxlis manZilze gars ertya es feri: mzis feri. man is didi brZoliT moipova. Tumca ara rogorc promeTem, romelmac cecxli RmerTebs mZlavrad `gamostaca~, aramed, viTarca `cecxlis mbrZanebelma~, rig-vedas Àtharvan~-Si, RmerTisadmi msxverplSewirviT. van gogisTvis mxatvroba ar iyo ubralod `metier~, is misTvis Tavad `yofierebis aqti~ gaxldaT. wamebuli mxatvris cxovrebis gza amas srulad amtkicebs. `mzesumzirebSi~ gvxvdeba mzis feri _ mzis Tvali _ saswaulebrivad, misi ganumeorebeli dabadeba. es suraTi yvela sxva suraTis Canasaxovani xatia, is maT yvelas anaTebs. diax, igi maT srulqmnis da yovel maTganSi marad mbrZaneblobs is, yviTeli feri. Tavis erT umSvenieres naxatze igi wers... (furclis dasasruli. teqstis gagrZeleba aRaraa).

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arCil sulakauri (1927-1997)

ada nemsaZe

arCil sulakauris `TeTri cxeni~ `davbrundi...~ _ es arCil sulakauris roman `TeTri cxenis~ pirveli sityvacaa da pirveli winadadebac _ ariTmetikuli gazomviT Tu daTvliT umciresi, azrobrivi arealiT ki uaRresad tevadi, radgan sakuTari Tavis povna, dausabamo samyaroSi fizikurad Tu metafizikurad xetialis Semdeg Sin dabruneba yvelaze didi adamianuri bednierebaa da Tan _ Sesrulebuli amqveyniuri misiac. miT umetes, Tu am dabrunebamde mtkivneul da rTul gzas gadis adamiani. Tumc, vidre uSualod romanze saubars SevudgebodeT, gvinda, arCil sulakauris (da ara mxolod mis) erT mniSvnelovan satkivars mivapyroT mkiTxveli sazogadoebis yuradReba. `nawarmoebsa da mkiTxvels Soris kritikosi unda idges. kritikosi unda iyos pirveli mkiTxveli da pirveli Semfasebeli literaturuli nawarmoebisa. CvenSi ki, piriqiT xdeba, yvelaze bolos kritikosi kiTxulobs xolme nawarmoebs. imasac rogor kiTxulobs _ zereled, erTxel Tvals gadaavlebs da azri am nawarmoebze mzad aqvs...~ arCil sulakaurs namdvilad eTqmoda sayveduri Tanamedrove kritikis mimarT, radgan misi Txzulebebi ar iyo ganebivrebuli yuradRebiT (masalebis Ziebisas TiTze CamosaTvleli kritikuli statia Zlivs aRmoCnda). yvelaze naklebad kritikis yuradReba mis erT-erT gamorCeul romans `TeTr cxens~ ergo. arada, aq mwerlis saTqmeli ara mxolod yuradsaRebi iyo, aramed sagangaSoc ki. albaT, yvelaze didi damnaSave am saqmeSi dro da is garTulebuli sazogadoebriv-politikuri viTareba iyo, im periods rom mohyva da kul-turidan yuradReba sul sxva Temebsa da problemebze gadaitana. `TeTri cxeni~ xom 1984 wels daibeWda `mnaTobis~ me-6 nomerSi. arCil sulakauri namdvilad aris erT-erTi im mweralTagani, erovnuli literaturuli tradiciebis ganaxleba-ganviTarebis saqmeSi mniSvnelovani wvlili rom Seitanes XX

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saukunis 70-iani wlebidan. da Tan maT pirvelebma xmamaRla daiwyes iseT sakiTxebze saubari, razec adre mxolod Cumad, gulSi fiqrs Tu gabedavda sabWoTa moqalaqe. `50-iani wlebis qarTul prozaSi arCil sulakaurma guram rCeuliSvilTan erTad pirvelma Camoaxia Tavis gmirebs socialur grimasad qceuli gaxevebuli niRbebi. cnobilia, rom amgvari siTamame _ tabudadebuli ideologiuri kliSeebis gauqmeba, Tavis droze did riskTan da sulier mamacobasTan iyo dakavSirebuli. amitomac arCil sulakauris SemoqmedebasTan Sexvedra mZime gamocdaa _ gamocda sakuTari nebisyofisa da zneobrivi poziciisa~ (z. gogia). romani iwyeba sakuTar saxlSi dabrunebiT. swored romanis pirveli sityviT cnaurdeba mTavari personaJis ozos cxovrebis umTavresi mizani _ sakuTar saxlSi dabrunebis wyurvili da Semdeg mTeli romanis manZilze mkiTxveli swored jer iZulebiTi wasvlis, Semdeg ki nanatri dabrunebis ambis mowme xdeba. ozos saxli CuRureTSia, an ar iqneba Secdoma, Tu vityviT, rom CuRureTSi ki ara, CuRureTia, radgan mwerals gansakuTrebuli damokidebuleba aqvs sakuTar ubanTan. rogorc otia paWkoria wers, àrCil sulakauris fetiSTa savane CuRureTia: Tbilisis erTi Zveli ubani. CuRureTi àRTqmuli qveyanaa~. saxeldeba pirobiTia, radgan igi mainc warmosaxviT Seqmnili qveyanaa; realurad arsebuli da amave dros fantastikuri samyaro, romelsac misca eTikuri tradicia, Seuqmna socialuri struqtura da cxovrebis stili~. swored am àRTqmul qveyanaSi~ brundeba ozo, Tavis dasamkvidreblad, sakuTari gzis sapovnelad da misiis aRsaruleblad. arCil sulakauris Semoqmedebaze daweril vrcel narkvevSi `CuRureTidan gadmoRvrili sinaTle~ (1981 w.) kritikosi guram gverdwiTeli calke gamoyofs `CuRureTis cikls~ da aq ganixilavs Semdeg moTxrobebs: `wyaldidoba~ (1958 w.), `biWi da ZaRli~ (1960 w.), `gabo~ (1960 w.), `luka~ (1972 w.) da `brma lekvebi ivane beritaSvilisaTvis~ (1979 w.). am cikls ekuTvnis 1984 wels gamoqveynebuli romani `TeTri cxenic~, romelic gasagebi obieqturi mizezis gamo ver moxvda zemoxsenebul CamonaTvalSi.

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romanis siuJeturi xazi kaxeTis erT-erT sofelSi iwyeba. dediT daoblebuli ozo omSi mimaval mamas sofelSi dasTan Cahyavs, vidre TviTon dabrundeba. Tavidanve unda aRvniSnoT, rom mamida erTaderT Zmiswuls Casvlis dRidanve unergavs imis imeds, rom sandro aucileblad dabrundeba. es ananos aRzrdis meTodis Semadgeneli nawilicaa da biWis swori fsiqikuri CamoyalibebisTvis zrunvac. romanSi gansakuTrebuli saxea anano. misi saxis srulyofisaTvis did mniSvnelobas iZenen erTi SexedviT, TiTqos yofiTi detalebi _ wiTeli mamali, TerTmeti TuTis xe da abreSumis Wia, romelTac igi yovel wels zrdis _ Tumc isini personaJis CamoZerwvis procesSic aucilebeli niSan-simboloebia. abreSumis Wia da maTi sicocxlisTvis aucilebeli TuTis xeebi materialuri Tu sulieri mSvenierebis, uangaro sikeTis momcvel simbolur vels qmnian romanis dasawyisidanve, riTac mwerali Tavidanve amzadebs mkiTxvels personaJis saxis gasaxsnelad. arCil sulakauris am romanSic, ise rogorc oTar WilaZis mxatvrul sistemaSi, cxovrebis sibrZnisa da sikeTis Semnaxveli aris qali. rusi sociologi a. bloxina wers: `Tuki mamakacSi sociumi kultad xdis xasiaTis bevr Tvisebas, romlebic mniSvnelovania samyaroSi fizikuri gadarCenisaTvis, qali iTvleba ekonomikuri tradiciis, moralisa da religiis gadamtanad... qali Tavisi arsebobiT miuTiTebs sxvagvar faseulobebsa da normebze~. rac Seexeba mamals, es rTuli mxatvruli saxea. igi teqstis zedapirze ananosa da sabas damakavSirebeli Zafia, siRrmeSi ki _ gacilebiT mniSvnelovani simboluri maxasiaTeblebis matarebeli. saerTod, romanis I Tavi mistikuria. aq moulodnelad Semodis personaJi saba, romelic jer kidev ar viciT, vin aris. mamlis ucnauri gadasxvaferebiTa da gauCinarebiT cnaurdeba raRac winaswarmetyveleba, romelic Semdeg unda gacxaddes teqstSi. rogorc maleve irkveva, mamlis simbolikas uSualo kavSiri aqvs sabas mxatvrul saxesTan, am ukanasknelis sofelSi Semosvla ki aq madlis damkvidrebas emsaxureba. `mamali antikur miTologiaSi miwisqveSeTs ukavSirdeba, rogorc qtonuri frinveli. igi eskulapes (asklepioss) eZRvneboda da ganasaxierebda sikvdil-sicocxlis simbolos. eskulapes mamali usaTuod Savi unda yofiliyo~

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(miTologiuri enciklopedia). saba teqstSi Tavidanve eskulapes funqciiT Semodis. misi pirveli mniSvnelovani saqme sofelSi didoelis gadarCenaa, risTvisac igi ananos wiTel mamals klavs _ guls amoaWris da òxer didos~ gadaaylapebs. mamlis sicocxle iwireba ufro mniSvnelovanis _ adamianis gadasarCenad. amave dros, mamali TviTon aris saba. amas ase aRiqvams anano da simbolos azrobrivi velic gulisxmobs amgvar gaazrebas. mamali `qarTul jadosnur zRaprebSi ojaxuri yofidan Sesuladaa miCneuli da, erTis mxriv, Sav sknels anu suleTs, xolo, meores mxriv, wiTel sknels, anu sicocxles ukavSirdeba. Sesabamisad, wiTeli mamali sicocxles gamoxatavs, xolo Savi _ sikvdils~ (T. oqroSiZe). aqedan gamomdinare, wiTeli mamali sabas sicocxles gamoxatavs romanSi, xolo misi xmis Cawyveta (`dasayivleblad waigrZela kiseri, magram yivilis nacvlad ucnauri xma amouSva, gabzaruli, xrialisa Tu xrotinis msgavsi~), gaSaveba (`sabZlis saxuravze wiTlis nacvlad yoraniviT Savi mamali SemarTuliyo~) da gafrena sabas Tavs damtydari raRac ubedurebis mauwyebelia. romanis pirveli recenzenti naTela jantiSvili aRniSnavs, rom ùZvelesi miTologiuri warmodgenebiT, mamali miTras frinvelad iTvleboda, e. i. mzesTan iyo asocirebuli~. miTra Zveli sparsuli RvTaebaa, mzis, Suqisa da mtkice pirobis RmerTi. man daamarcxa bneli, Semdeg cad amaRlda da iqidan mfarvelobda kacTa modgmas (miTologiuri leqsikoni). am SemTxvevaSi `TeTri cxenis~ mamali imeorebs miTras gzas. igi ananos sivrceSi (sabas saxiT) arsebobs manam, sanam ozo iswavlis keTilisa da borotis garCevas, sanam airCevs swor gzas da roca pirovnebad Camoyalibebis procesi (anu fsiqosocialuri identobis formireba) sruldeba, igi, rogorc ukve ufunqcio, mifrinavs caSi. sabas yofnam sakuTari misia Seasrula. anano amave dros momavlisTvis mebrZoli saxea. misi ezo aris idealuri samyaros modeli, radgan aq zrdian martodmarto darCenil bavSvs, icaven mas borotebisagan da ayalibeben Rirseul adamianad. mamali simbolurad sicocxlis sawyisia, ganTiadis mauwyebeli, bnelis dasasrulis macne, sabas mier mamlis moyvana ki sikeTis, bednierebis, samarTlianobis, vaJkacobis Semosvlas gulisxmobs ananos

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ezoSi. es aucilebelia ozosTvis, igi unda gaZlierdes sikeTiT, radgan swored misma Taobam unda zidos mxrebiT axali qveyana _ omisSemdgomi. maT bavSvurad sust mxrebze ukve gamoscades omis saSineleba da amiT adrianad `damamlebulma~ (aq uneburad Cndeba oTar WilaZis `martis mamlis~ aluzia) unda itvirTon yvelaze mZime saqme _ ekonomikurad, moralurad Tu demografiulad gatexili qveynis aRdgena. Savad gardaqmnili mamali-saba midis ananos cxovrebidan, samagierod, rCeba axali wiTeli mamali _ ozo, romelic swored sabas gzis gamgrZelebeli xdeba da ara mamamisisa (teqstSi kargad Cans, rogori Seurigebloba da Sinagani winaaRmdegoba uCndeba ozos omidan dabrunebuli mamis cxovrebis wesTan da SexedulebebTan). àrCil sulakauri Tavisi pirveli moTxrobidanve literaturuli cxovrebis wina xazze dgas. ufro metic: moxda ise, rom is yovelTvis ramdenime nabijiT uswrebda win literaturis ganviTarebas. axla Cven vxedavT: misi `talRebi napirisken miiswrafian~, marTlac, axali dinebis SemoWras moaswavebda qarTul prozaSi, uwinares yovlisa, mxatvruli abstragirebis uCveulo, im droisTvis TiTqmis uprecendento masStabiT~ (g. asaTiani). am TvalsazrisiT, arc `TeTri cxenia~ gamonaklisi. 70-80-iani wlebis mijnaze, marTalia, sabWoTa wyoba, garegnulad mainc, jer kidev Zlieria, Tumc sazogadoebas TandaTan uCndeba cvlilebebis gardauvalobis SegrZneba. am fonze qarTul literaturaSi ukve dawyebulia 20-30-iani wlebis danaSaulebriv mmarTvelobaze, xalxis keTildReobis saxeliT ganxorcielebul pirdapir Tu arapirdapir terorze wera da sabWoeTis namdvili saxis metaforuli Cveneba (o. WilaZe, o. CxeiZe, n. dumbaZe, g. rCeuliSvili...). am mweralTa Sorisaa arCil sulakauric. cota mogvianebiT _ 90-iani wlebidan _ es procesi ufro gaRrmavdeba. axla ukve gaxsnilad, Tamamad daxatavs mwerloba im simaxinjes, romelsac sabWoTa ideologia lamis amqveyniur samoTxed asaRebda (z. arseniSvilis `rekviemi banis, sopranosa da Svidi instrumentisaTvis anu axalgazrda mTxzvelis portreti~ (1997 w.), `va, sofelo~ (2002 w.), g. gegeSiZis `nacris koSki~ (2001 w.)... magram es procesi ori aTeuli wlis Semdeg daiwyeba. jer 80-iani wlebis dasawyisia da sabWoTa ideolo-

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gia isev mZlavrobs, amitom `TeTri cxeni~ am TvalsazrisiT ramdenime sxva mxatvrul teqstTan erTad erT-erTi pirveli romania, romelSic koleqtivizacia obieqturadaa Sefasebuli, rogorc araswori politikuri kursi da rogorc adamianis Tavisufali nebis damTrgunveli sociokulturuli sivrce. am ambavs uaRresad saintereso pasaJad Zerwavs mwerali da mas ormag funqcias akisrebs. erTi mxriv, es aris simarTlis xmamaRali gacxadeba, meore mxriv ki igi aRmzrdelobiTi meTodia. ioTamisa da sabas ambiT anano cxovrebiseul sibrZnes aziarebs ozos, Tanac ise, rom biWs es azradac ar mosdis. ozosTvis samarTlianobisa da sikeTis orientiri anano moTminebisa da dumilis sibrZnes aswavlis Zmiswuls. ozom jer ar icis, rom zogjer Cumad yofna da umoqmedoba ufro didi vaJkacobaa, vidre danaSaulis daufaravi gacxadeba, rom aris xolme adamianis (eris) cxovrebaSi dro, roca `gacla sjobs kargisa mamacisagan~ da Sesabamisi drois lodini, ramdenad Znelic unda iyos es. aq erTmaneTis pirispir aRmoCndeba ori Taoba ori gansxvavebuli poziciiT: axalgazrda da emociuri ozo _ `sabam, sabam egreve apatia yvelaferi?~ da anano, Suaxnis, didi cxovrebiseuli sibrZniTa da gamocdilebiT aRWurvili qali _ àki giTxari, balRi xar-meTqi... Tu mowme ar geyoleboda, camde marTalic rom yofiliyavi, Sens marTlad naTqvams mainc ciliswamebad CagiTvlidnen. Tanac im dros, roca qveyana jer ar iyo dalagebuli, SeiZleba mowmeebianadac gaemtyunebine... egeTebic xdeboda~. am sityvebSi 37-is cnobili da tragikuli ambebis Sefasebaa mocemuli. Cans, rom sazogadoebaSi ukve Camoyalibebulia azri im procesebis Sesaxeb, razec SiSis gamo sakmao xani dumda yvela, da am damokidebulebis xmamaRali gacxadebis droc ukve mosulia. ananos sityvebi imasac gviCvenebs, Tu rogori Semwynarebluria es damokidebuleba (imaves adasturebs kariaulebis epizodic, razec mogvianebiT visaubrebT). oRond am ambebis daniSnuleba teqstSi mxolod 30iani wlebis rTuli vaTarebis daxatva an sabas saxis srulyofa ar aris. anano sulxan-sabaseul didaqtikas mimarTavs _ sibrZnis Segonebas igaviT, ambiT. miT umetes, rom ozo am ambavs naxevrad zRaprulad aRiqvams, mas saba TvaliT arasodes unaxavs da mTlad realur adamianadac ver warmoudge-

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nia. ananos am darigebebis sibrZnes ozo gvian xvdeba, gvian acnobierebs, ra didi cxovrebiseuli gamocdileba SesZina mas sabasa da ioTamis Tavgadasavalma: `mas Semdeg, rac ananom amdeni rame miambo, TiTqos gamovicvale, TiTqos raRac cxovrebiseuli gamocdileba SeviZine da gavmdidrdi: me vicodi is, rac Cems garSemo aravin icoda, arc Cemma Tanatolebma da arc sxvam. aman erTgvari upiratesobis grZnobiTac ki gammsWvala~. Zalian sainteresoa is urTierToba, rac ozosa da mamamiss Soris yalibdeba mamis omidan dabrunebis Semdeg. sandro bodaveli ver amarTlebs Svilis molodins. ananom sabasa da ioTamis magaliTiT Rirsebisa da pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba Caunerga Zmiswuls, mamakacSi rainduli Tvisebebis dafaseba aswavla, ase aRzrdili SvilisTvis ki ucxo da miuRebeli aRmoCnda mamis zedmeti Tavisufleba yoveldRiur qcevaSi (maros fanjaraSi gadaZromis epizodi omidan dabrunebis pirvelive Rames), praqtikuloba da met-naklebi nihilizmi (indiferentuli damokidebuleba mezoblebisadmi, roca maT am saqcielisaTvis gakicxes). ozo fiqrobs, rom mas gauWirdeba mamis gverdiT cxovreba, dro sWirdeba, raTa mis xasiaTs Seewyos, igi amisaTvis ar iyo mzad. anano mas yovelTvis vaJkacad uxasiaTebda sandros da Svilmac Tavisdauneburad iseTi warmodgena Seiqmna mamaze, rogoric is realurad ar aRmoCnda. amitomac ozos ar unda soflis datoveba, mas jer kidev sWirdeba ananos sibrZne am siaxlesTan Sesagueblad: ànano Cvens Soris xidiviT idga da erTgvarad gviadvilebda mamasac da mec urTierTobas.~ mwerali Zalian sainteresod xatavs sandro bodavelis mxatvrul saxes. erTi mxriv, es aris dardimandi, udardeli, sakuTari siamovnebisTvis gaCenili adamiani, romelsac aqvs cxovrebis sakuTari wesebi da soflis morali da Sexedulebebi didad arafrad miaCnia. arc erTaderTi Svilis problemebs uyurebs iseTi gulisxmierebiT, rogorc amas anano akeTebs, da arc didi darigebebiTa da cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebis gaziarebiT awuxebs. anano TaobaTa momrigebelia, ozo Tavisi axalgazrduli maqsimalizmiT yvelafers ver aanalizebs sworad. ai, aq aris saWiro im qaluri sibrZnis gamoyeneba, rasac anano flobs, raTa TaobaTa Soris urTierToba

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ar daziandes, raTa ozom SeZlos mamis faruli Rirsebebis aRmoCena da dafaseba. amis saSualebac maleve eZleva. roca ozos lamaras mamasTan is ucnauri da usiamovno ambavi SeemTxveva quCaSi RamiT, meore dRidanve sandro malulad dayveba da uTvalTvalebs Svils, raTa moulodneli xifaTisagan daicvas igi. amrigad, Tuki anano Tavze dahkankalebs Zmiswuls da yuradRebas arasodes adunebs, aRzrdis radikalurad gansxvavebuli meTodi aqvs mamas. Tavisuflebis miniWebiT igi damoukideblobas aswavlis Svils, rac aranakleb mniSvnelovania cxovrebaSi mamakacisTvis. es yvelaferi sandro bodavelis saxes kidev ufro gamokveTs. igi cxovrebis Tavisufali stilis motrfialea da aseT Tavisuflebas aZlevs sakuTar Tavsac da ozosac. sayuradReboa, rom misi aseTi Sexedulebebi gansazRvravs ananosadmi mis damokidebulebasac. XX saukunis 40-ian wlebSi iseTi Tavisufali siyvaruli, rogoric ananosa da sabas Soris aRwera avtorma, sakmaod iSviaTi iyo da soflisa da Zmis damokidebulebac mis mimarT _ arc Tu ise Semwynarebluri. ananosa da sandros saxeebs sxvadasxvanairad Zerwavs avtori: Tuki ananos saxe gaidealebulia da am ideals asxams xorcs, sandros saxe winaaRmdegobrivia, misi Rirsebebi rTulad amosaxsnelia, dakvirvebuli da kritikuli TvaliTaa aRmosaCeni calkeul cxovrebiseul detalsa da epizodSi. amitomac uZneldeba ozos Tavidan, Caswvdes mamis namdvil xasiaTs. sandros xasiaTis srulyofisaTvis mravlismtyvelia kidev erTi detali _ colis saflavis Zebna kukiis sasaflaoze. aRmoCnda, rom TiTqmis mTeli dRis sirulis Semdeg mama-Svili saflavs veRar poulobs. daviwyebas mxatvrul teqstSi sakmaod mniSvnelovani konotaciuri mniSvnelobebi aqvs, esaa warsulze pasuxismgeblobis moSla da amiT garkveulwilad, sakuTari adamianuri valdebulebebis winaSe pasuxismgeblobis Sesustebac. dedis da colis saflavis daviwyeba swored sandros infantiluri xasiaTis gamosakveTad saukeTeso detalia da ozosTvis metad mniSvnelovani faqti. cota ar iyos, darcxvenili sandro Tavis marTlebas cdilobs SvilTan: `me megona, marto iq ixocebodnen, xalxs aqac darevia miqel-gabrieli, xedav, es sasaflao sadamde wasulao. SeiZleba Tavs imarTlebda, raxan dedis saflavs ver

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mivageniT~. mama, erTi mxriv, uxerxulobas grZnobs Svilis winaSe, meore mxriv, ki TiTqos ar unda, es ambavi did ramed CaTvalos da sakuTari brali sasaflaos gazrdas gadaabralos. sabolood, ukan wamosul sandros gzaSi axsendeba is adgili da mibrunebulebi pouloben kidec. ozo grZnobs, rom amiT raRac gadarCa mamisa da mis urTierTobaSi. aki ambobs kidec: ìm saRamos pirvelad vigrZeni, TiTqos viRacisa Tu raRacis winaSe mcireodeni vali movixade. ar vici, maSin ram Caminerga an saidan momevlina aseTi macdunebeli grZnoba... Tumca netari simSvide rom dameufla, aSkara iyo...~. ozom jer ar acis, rom es is pasuxismgeblobis grZnobaa, rasac warsulis xsovna hqvia da rac sakuTari socialuri da fsiqosocialuri identobis formirebaSi aucilebeli rgolia. ozosa da mamamiss Soris kidev erTxel Cndeba faruli dapirispireba da uTanxmoeba, roca mama gadawyvets, ananos sikvdilis Semdeg sofelSi saxli gayidos. TiTqos mamis mier dasaxelebul mizezs _ sofelSi saxli Tu ginda, unda iq icxovro da mouaroo _ araferi daewuneba, magram ozo kargad xvdeba, mTavari aq mainc isaa, rac mamas sxvaTaSoris wamoscda _ saxls patroni eyoleba da Cvenc cotas amovisunTqavTo. miuxedavad amisa, sandro bodaveli male mixvda, rom saxlis gayidva Secdoma iyo. arCil sulakauri am romanSi kidev erTxel svams keriis moSlis problemas, romelsac pirovnebis gaucxoeba, sakuTari Tavis dakargva da tragedia mohyveba. fuZis moSliT miRebuli fuliT SeuZlebelia cxovrebis awyoba _ es romanSi gatarebuli principuli konceptualuri azria. amitomac ver iyenebs am fuls sandro, fulis reformam mas amis saSualeba waarTva. TiTqos es iyo kidec niSani. sandro bodaveli xvdeba, rom suli auforiaqda. `...jer bdRvinavda, kedlebs awydeboda, merme moiwyina. xmas aRar iRebda, isev dafiqrebuli da gulCaTxrobili gaxda, merme gamomicxada _ is saxli unda davibrunoo...~. sandro erTaderT swor gadawyvetilebas iRebs: sofelSi midis da sakuTari saxli rom daibrunos, kariaulis erT-erT qaliSvils irTavs colad. `sami Tvis Semdeg Sevityve: daqorwinebula, kariaulis erT-erTi qaliSvili mouyvania colad~. _ es ki romanis bolo winadadebaa, rogorc mamis, ise Svilis identobis Ziebis procesis warmatebuli dasasruli. sandro

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sakuTarma saxlma gadaarCina, fesvebTan dabrunebam sasicocxlo Zalebi gauZliera. aqve gvsurs, yuradReba gavamaxviloT romanis kidev erT ucnaur da saintereso mxatvrul saxeze _ esaa kariaulebis saxli. es saxli gamorCeuli sivrcea av-kargian (rogorc yvela) sofelSi. igi ara mxolod teritoriuladaa moSorebuli sofels da uzarmazari galavani avlia amis gamosakveTad, aramed faqtobrivi mdgomareobiTac gansxvavebulia (roca mTeli sofeli lamis SimSilobs, isini ucnaurad maZRrebi da loyebRaJRaJebi arian) da funqciuradac (TiTqos maTi cxovrebis azri sxvaa, isini ar erevian soflis cxovrebaSi, maT satkivars calke Robe artyia). Tumc bedisweris sastik xels verc isini gadaurCnen. maTTvis yvelaze Zvirfasi, erTaderTi vaJiSvili mixo kariauli omSi daiRupa. vfiqrobT, am pasaJiT mweralma ramdenime cxovrebiseuli momentis wamoweva scada: cxovrebis sisastikis winaSe Zliersa da susts erTnairad uWirT, bediswera erTnairad aTamaSebs yvelas, magram adamianTagan gancalkeveba da Tvaluwvdeneli galavani ubedurebisaTvis dabrkoleba sulac ar aris. kariaulebis narativi, rac romanis struqturas wyvetil motivad gasdevs (isini drodadro Cndebian xolme sofelTan kavSirSi), sxva, metad mniSvnelovan saTqmelsac Seicavs. maTi ucnauri wiTuri feri, simdidre da soflisgan gandgoma, vfiqrobT, kvlav 20-30-iani wlebis ambebs ukavSirdeba. winaparTa mier Cadenili codvebis gamosyidvisTvisaa saWiro mixo kariaulis Tavganwirva omSi. xolo sofelTan urTierTobis aRdgena maTi monaniebis procesia, rac sabolood sandrosa da erT-erTi ka-riaulis qorwinebiT mTavrdeba. rogorc sandros sWirdeba isini sakuTar fesvebTan dasabruneblad, asevea maTTvis saWiro Rarib, magram Rirseul adamianebTan kavSiri sofelTan Catexili xidis aRsadgenad da kvlav TavianT nawilTan SesaerTeblad. calkeuli nawilebis gaerTianebis gareSe warmoudgenelia gaTiSuli eris Serigeba, sinanuli da erTianoba ki gadarCenisTvisaa aucilebeli. devebis ojaxi (ase aRiqmeba igi bavSvis cnobierebaSi) zRapruli samyarodan realur sivrceSi gadmoinacvlebs. devis qali _ ozos momavali dedinacvali _ adamianuri samyaros nawili xdeba, riTac sasicocxlo Zalebs matebs omisa da gaWirvebisagan welSi gate-

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xil sofels, amasTan TviTon xdeba keTili samyaros nawili, iTvisebs imas, rac dRemde dakarguli hqonda. esaa maTi socializaciis Sedegi, pirovnuli aRiarebisa da damkvidrebis cda garkveul socialur garemoSi CarTviT. es motivi avtoris msoflmxedvelobirivi sistemis erT-erTi mTavari sayrdeni rgolia. arCil sulakauris mxatvrul sistemaSi mTavari saTqmelis miRma frTxilad ikveTeba simboluri plani. mxatvruli teqstebi TiTqos `danaRmulia~ aseTi saxeebiT da kiTxvisas uecrad `gifeTqdeba~ Tvalwin, jer Cagafiqrebs, Semdeg sulmouTqmelad giTrevs siRrmeSi da kvanZis gaxsnisas moulodnelad win geSleba mTeli simboluri veli. magaliTad, cxvris faris SemotaniT aqtiurdeba cxvris simboluri mniSvnelobebi _ morCileba, siwminde, umankoeba _ da erTdroulad xmovandeba rogorc xalxis winaSe Cadenili danaSauli (teqstis zedapiruli qsovili), ise erovnuli cnobierebisa da zneobrivi kanonis fexqveS gaTelvis sabWoTa wyobisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli tipuri suraTi. aseTivea romanis mTavari simbolo _ TeTri cxeni. kompozicia ise aqvs mwerals awyobili, rom es TeTri cxeni realurad arasodes arsad Cans, magram amavdroulad mTel teqsts gasdevs swored TeTris da cxenis simbolur velTa TanakveTaze aRmocenebuli mniSvnelobebis devalvacia da sazogadoebaSi gaCenili krizisis niSnebic misi meSveobiTaa gadmocemuli. es gansakuTrebiT exeba erovnul problemas, rasac avtori simwvaves teqstSi vaJa-fSavelas SemoyvaniT sZens. amaze migvaniSnebs qarTuli jiSis cxenis gadaSenebac: èrTxel vaJas gulistkiviliT uTqvams: saqarTveloSi qarTuli jiSis cxeni TiTqmis gawydao... yarabaxuls, arabuls, inglisurs mivetaneT da Cveni forejebiani lurja, romelic aRnagobiT, amtanobiT, erTgulebiTa da silamaziT sxvaze meti Tu ara, naklebi ar iyo, Tvalsa da xels Sua gagviqra da gadagviSendao~. forejebiani lurjas simboluri saxis SemotaniT mwerali swored qarTuli nacionaluri identobis niSnebis aaqtiurebs da maT TandaTanobiT gaqrobaze akeTebs aqcents. TeTri cxeni mxolod romanis bolos Cndeba teqstSi _ igi TuSeTSi asul ozos eCveneba (saqme aqac CvenebasTan gvaqvs, rogorc pirvel TavSi _ mamlis gaSaveba da gafrena), Tumca am TeTri cxenis realu-

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roba bolomde gaurkveveli rCeba. igi arc lukas daunaxavs da arc gedeon omanaSvili adasturebs am faqtis simarTles: ìm TeTri cxenis gamo verafers getyviT, Tumca Cvens mSvenier dedabrebs Tu davujerebT, TiTqos Tvali moukravT kidec, isic ki miTxres, RamRamobiT zogjer Wixvinic gvesmiso... ise ki, saca samarTalia, Tu axlo-maxlo cxeni Wixvinebs, jer me unda gamegona _ Zvel mxedarsa da meomars~. amrigad, TeTri cxeni aq mxolod simboloa, romelsac umTavresi datvirTva aqvs teqstSi, radagan igi mTavari aRmniSvnelia. cxenis arseboba/ararseboba mniSvnelobas kargavs, mTavari faqtis namdviloba ki ar aris, aramed is, rom ozos cnobierebas is realobad eCveneba. TviT gedeon omanaSvili mianiSnebs samyaroSi realoba/irealobis mudmiv monacvleobaze _ `codnisa da informaciis miRebas davewafeT da amasobaSi davkargeT sibrZne~. personaJis sityviT avtors aq codna/sibrZnis opozicia Semoaqvs da imaze fiqrisken ubiZgebs mkiTxvels, romeli maTgania ufro mniSvnelovani da Rirebuli. es swored is sibrZnea, romanSi sabas saxiT rom gvevlineba, òxer didos~ rom gadaarCens da romliTac ozos aRWurvavs anano. amitom xvdeba ozo imas, rac azradac ar mosdis mamamiss. es sibrZne aiZulebs TuSeTSi gamgzavrebas, raTa winaparTa mier Cadenil codvas (bolSevikur mmarTvelobas da mTel im usamarTlobas, risi saxec romanSi barnabiSvilia) Caswvdes da misi tvirTebiT WeSmariteba dainaxos, amis wyalobiT irCevs igi cxovrebis swor gzasac. rac Seexeba zogadad cxens, igi mravalgzis gaielvebs romanSi da misi konotaciebi finalur nawilSi farTod ixsneba, oRond ara rogorc erTi damoukidebeli mxatvruli saxe, aramed sxva simboloebTan kavSirSi. kuliminaciisken mimaval siuJetur xazSi qalbatoni mariamis wignebis ganiaveba-gafantva erT-erTi yvelaze eqspresiuli adgilia. nislaurasken mimavali ozo, nanaxiT aRfrTovanebuli da uaRresad aRgznebuli, warmosaxvaSi erTdroulad xedavs am or tragedias _ aqafebul alazans erTdroulad miaqvs wignebic da cxenebic: `niaRvrad daZruli TeTri cxenebis rema guguniTa da grialiT mieqaneboda alaznisken... yovel nabijze xmauriTa da ketebis qneviT xvdeboda Casafrebuli xalxi, gzis aqcevis saSualebas ar aZlevda remas... garbodnen da gamorbodnen,

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gahqondaT da gamohqondaT... gagiJebuli xalxi tomrebiT, vedroebiT, taStebiT, baliSispirebiT ezideboda wignebs... mdinaris atortmanebuli zedapiri moCiTuli iyo cxenebis TavebiT, wignis furclebiT. gamwarebul cxenebs kisrebi daegrZelebinaT da TavaRerilni mTeli ZaliT ebrZodnen Ronier talRebs, mzakvrul dinebebs, Rrma Zabrulebs... es Rrma Zabrulebi gaSmagebiT nTqavdnen dafurclul wignebs...~ es ori, sxvadasxva dros da sxvadasxva sivrceSi momxdari ambavi kuliminaciur fazaSi erTiandeba da erT did tragedias qmnis _ sulierebis, erovnulobis, wignierebis, sikeTis, mSvenierebis dasaRupavad gawirvas, oRond gawirvas nebiT, ugunurebiT, erTgan pirovnebis, meoregan ki brbos gadawyvetilebiT. ioTamis mier gadarCenili da moSenebuli qarTuli jiSis cxenebis gawyveta (Tu sxva qveyanaSi gayidva, amas ukve mniSvneloba aRar aqvs) da qalbatoni mariamis saukunovani biblioTekis ganadgureba erTi da imave saTqmelis ori gansxvavebuli aRmniSvnelia. aRsaniSni ki erTia _ erovnulobis (qarTuli forejebiani lurja) da sulierebis (wigni) krizisi. mwerali saTqmelis meti emociurobisa da tragediaze yuradRebis gamaxvilebis mizniT aerTebs am or movlenas da amiT afarToebs maT simbolur vels. aRsaniSnavia erTi movlenac, rasac recefciul esTetikaSi molodinis horizonts uwodeben: roca mwerali jer ioTamis mier moSenebuli cxvris farisa da cxenebis remis ambavs gviyveba da garkveuli xnis Semdeg qalaqSi ganadgurebul biblioTekas aRwers, mkiTxvels uneburad uCndeba gancda, rom es ori ambavi sadRac erTmaneTs unda daukavSirdes. am molodins iwvevs, pirvel rigSi, mdinare _ daRupva orivejer wyalSi xdeba. `mdinare tradiciuli miTologiuri saxec aris, yoveli arsis warmavlobis simboloc da sakuTari cxovrebis ganuyofeli nawilic~ (o. paWkoria). aqafebuli alazani da amRvreuli mtkvari am SemTxvevaSi aris bneli stiqia, damRupveli Zala, rasac mwerali Sesabamisi uaryofiTi epiTetebiT amyarebs da, amave dros, Zvelis warmavalobasa da axali Zalauflebis, mmarTvelobis axali kanonebis damyarebazec migvaniSnebs. romanSi dasmulia kidev erTi, qarTveli kacisTvis Zalze mtkivneuli problema _ mTis dacla. am Taobis mwerlebze xSirad amboben, maTi Semoqmedeba avtobiografiuliao. XX

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saukunis II naxevris qarTul literaturaSi marTlac SeiniSneba avtobiografiuli nakadi, Tumc es sulac ar uSlis xels movlenaTa ganzogadebis tendencias. am SemTxvevaSi TuSeTis problemebze wera da misi wamoweva nawilobriv avtobiografiulobiT ganisazRvreba, nawilobriv ki igi erTi didi satkivaris, didi tragediis nawilia. arCil sulakaurTan gamosaTxovar werilSi emzar kvitaiSvili wers: `poets Rrmad CarCenia mexsierebaSi da mec samudamod damaxsomda misi mSobliuri kuTxis _ TuSeTis _ mitovebis, gapartaxebis gulsaklavi da amave dros mravlismetyveli, mSvenieri suraTi, romliTac iwyeba da mTavrdeba `SenaqoSi Tqmuli leqsi~: `mitovebuli, miviwyebuli maRlobze idga TeTri saydari, xolo gamxdari, beberi cxeni, romelsac zurgze yvavebi asxdnen, iqve mowyeniT wiwknida balaxs~.

es problema dRes yvelaze ukeT gamoCnda _ adamianTagan daclili mTa da dakargvis saSiSroebis winaSe mdgari iqauri ganumeorebeli materialuri, sulieri Tu yofiTi kultura: tradiciebi, adaTebi, Cveulebebi... TuSeTis tragediiT mwerals Cveni erovnuli satkivari, gaufrTxilebloba, upasuxismgebloba sakuTaris dasacavad kidev erTxel aqvs aqcentirebuli da es, ra Tqma unda, marto TuSeTs ar exeba, es mTavari satkivaris mxolod erTi mxarea. `TuSeTi, romelic yovelTvis, Wirsa Tu lxinSi, erTiani saqarTvelos suliskveTebiT cxovrobda, drois garkveul monakveTSi, moulodnelad misi yuradRebis miRma aRmoCnda. mis urTules yofas, saukuneebiT gamocdil da merme damkvidrebul wesebs, saerTo sazomebiT mivudeqiT da yovelgvari mecnieruli Seswavlisa da analizis gareSe xelis erTi dakvriT movundomeT gadaxaliseba~, _ gulistkiviliT aRniSnavs arCil sulakauri. es tkivili gacilebiT emociuria mxatvrul teqstSi. nislauraSi asul ozosa da lukas iq mxolod oTxi ojaxi xvdeba, romelTac gedeon omanaSvili soflis mamasaxlisiviT adgas Tavs da aqedan wasvlis uflebas ar aZlevs. `mxolod oTxi komliRa SevrCiT am didebul sofelsa, es dedabrebi atexi-

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lan, amaTac mondomebiaT wasvla, raionis centrSi gadasaxleba da gadabargeba. saqme is gaxlavT, rom kacebic auyoliebiaT, magram me aq risTvis var, iseT-iseTebi vuTxari, gaCenis dRe vawyevline... ar gamogivaT, ara, batonebo! CemTan erTad daixocebiT aqa!~ am sityvebidan kargad Cans, rogori mniSvnelobis mqonea daoblebuli, mitovebuli mTa mwerlisaTvis. es ar aris mxolod garkveuli teritoriis dakargvis SiSi. arCil sulakaurTan es problema gacilebiT Rrmadaa gaazrebuli da igi keriis moSlas, winaparTa gziT siarulze uaris Tqmas gulisxmobs da, garkveulwilad, gadajiSebis safrTxesac Seicavs. am fonze ki gedeon omanaSvili, araCveulebrivad omaxiani, jiutad, ara mxolod sityviT da brZanebiT, aramed ZaliT, xmliT rom icavs sakuTari soflis sicocxles da arsebobas, kidev erTi ukanaskneli mohikania, didebuli, amayi, brZeni qarTveli kaci, ilias lelT RuniasaviT gulSi rom Caswvdenia samSoblos ubedureba da ukan momaval biWebTan erTad Cven, mkiTxvelsac mogvZaxis: `momaval zafxuls gelodebiT! mec gaZlevT patiosan sityvas, rom Cven yvelani, am soflis mkvidrni, aq dagxvdebiT, aqedan fexs ar movicvliT!~

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replika

nato oniani

`reaqtiuli klubis~ mesame napiri gasuli saukunis 80-ian wlebSi irakli Carkvianis, kote yubaneiSvilis, paata qurdaZisa da maTi megobrebis iniciativiT Seqmnili art gaerTianeba `reaqtiuli klubi~ nonkonformistuli saprotesto talRac iyo da siaxlis, ganaxlebis, gabatonebuli literaturuli mimarTulebisTvis axali sisxlis gadasxmis mcdelobac. `rkinis fardis~ iqiT ukve axali cxovrebis konturebi ikveTeboda, Tumca poets mainc mwiri arCevani hqonda: sabWouri mentalitetiT gamsWvaluli oda, an patriotuli (zogjer _ urapatriotuli) lirika da maradiuli Tema _ siyvaruli. am alternativaTa Soris `reaqtiulma klubma~ mesame napiri, protesti airCia, ufro zustad _ amboxi siyalbisa da Semrigeblobis winaaRmdeg. maTi anarqizmi provincializmis sapirwone iyo. erTerTi aseTi nimuSia irakli Carkvianis leqsi `dulogia samSoblo~. dilogia _ orazrovneba, orgvari mniSvneloba, sityvasityviT: òrjer~ da `sityva~ (logosi _ mxolod pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT sityvas ar niSnavs!) _ erTi ideiT gaerTianebuli ori nawarmoebia; garda amisa, dilogia _ trilogia _ tetralogiebi sabWouri sinamdvilisTvis damaxasiaTebeli, masStaburi formebic iyo. ironiul simbolos saboloo saxes aZlevs erTi asos cvlileba: dulogia rusuli дуло-s (iaraRis lula) asociacias iwvevs, rac zustad esadageba imdroindel qarTul realobas da leqsis SinaarsisTvisac gangvawyobs. `qarTuli Cai surnelovani da saamo sasmelia~ _ es 70iani wlebis cnobili sareklamo baneria, sabWoTa saqarTvelos asociaciuri xati, im sazogadoebisa, sadac arCevani ar arsebobda da amdenad, es baneric ironiuli konteqstis matarebeli iyo.

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`qarTlis dedas cinkis ZuZuebi aqvs~ _ albaT gaxsovT, urapatriotuli ganwyobilebebis poetTa STagonebis muza es qandakebac gaxldaT. `xval TbilisSi mosalodnelia cvalebadi gadebileba, diliT 400~ _ amindis prognozis kliSe konformisti sazogadoebis fsiqologiuri portretis dasaxatadaa gamoyenebuli. ànarqiuli egocentrizmis partia da saqvelmoqmedo sazogadoeba `marlboro~ atarebs sanqcionirebul mitings rusTavelis eskalatorze~. partiis saxeli politikuri absurdis nimuSia, qvelmoqmedebis mibma `marlborosTan~ (`moweva klavs!~) _ opoziciuri wyvilebis ironiuli Serwyma, sanqcionirebuli mitingi _ nebadarTuli protestis (?!) saxe, mitingis adgili _ quCuri politikis profanacia. ùiliam eliot mrgvalis komerciuli asociacia `wminda~ acxadebs konkurss wlis saukeTeso sisastikeze~ _ uiliam Seqspiri, folkneri... da tomas eliotis `gaerTianeba~ SuaSi, uadgilod moxmobili `mrgvali~ guram doCanaSviliseuli `gavZexis~ asociacias badebs (`kaci, romelsac literetura Zlier uyvarda~). `komerciuli~ da `wminda~ aseve opoziciuri wyvilebis adgilmonacvleobaa, wlis saukeTeso sisastikeSi konkursi ki _ epoqis saxe. dabolos: `qarTuli Cai surnelovani da saamo sasmelia~ _ uarCevno, ualternativo siyalbe, romelic erTaderT realur frazas (àcxadebs konkurss wlis saukeTeso sisastikeze~) mosdevs, rogorc kvlav WaobSi CaTrevis perspeqtiva. es leqsi epoqis niSania, sisastikiT, siyalbiT, gautanlobiT, absurdiT... leqss simRera mohyva, aseTive reaqtiuli da araordinaluri, romelmac Secvala inglisurenovani estradisadmi upirobo fetiSizmi: roki qarTulad ametyvelda da igi yurs arc aravis Wrida, ufro _ piriqiT. mogvianebiT irakli Carkviani ityvis, rom maT èqimi aibolitis~, anu Terapiuli funqcia itvirTes da im stereotipebs gamoucxades omi, eri degradirebamde rom mihyavdaT. Tumca, naftalinis suniT gaJRenTili muzeumi maT mainc talaxiani CeqmiT Selewes: `klubi~ eqsperimentis, formaluri Ziebebis doneze darCa da mniSvnelovani wvlili qarTuli literaturis ganviTarebaSi ver Seitana. amis miuxedavad, eqsperimenti saintereso da

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cocxali aRmoCnda, reaqtiuli striqonebi ki epidemiasaviT moedo provinciul sitkboebaSi CaZirul qalaqs da male Taoba axal enaze ametyvelda: `delia da odelia, saqarTvelos modelia~; `Tqven ki ara xarT magrebi, Cvena varT dasaCagrebi~; `yvela provincieli gaxda policieli~; `CeCen veCen~; `su ю, to ю~; `bedi da SemTxveva erTmaneTs emTxveva~... am paradoqsebs safuZvlad 80-iani wlebis politikuri, ekonomikuri, upirvelesad ki _ kulturuli krizisi edo. `reaqtiuli klubi~ Tavisuflebis patara kunZulad iqca, romelmac didwilad Secvala mTeli Taobis damokidebuleba kulturuli faseulobebisadmi, gaaCina kriticizmis is saWiro doza, romelic aucilebeli iyo ganviTarebisTvis, siaxlis iolad misaRebad. `reaqtiuli klubi~ iyo protesti im poetTa mimarT, romelTa striqonebi `xanma undobarma~ Tan gadaiyola da qarTul poezias ver SemorCa. Tumca, imave epoqaSi, sabednierod, iyvnen poetebi, romlebic protests aseTi SedevrebiT gamoTqvamdnen: `mSvenieria or zRvas Sua kavkasis xati da kiTxva: `vin vis?~ beber gulSi laxvrad maCnia.. araviTari sxva samSoblo amaze meti, araviTari sxva gza, sxva xsna ar gamaCnia~. (murman lebaniZe)

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anuki imnaiSvili

XXI saukunis qarTuli moTxroba `15 saukeTeso qarTuli moTxroba~ _ `bakur sulakauris gamomcemlobis~ mier wamowyebuli literaturuli proeqti ager ukve Tormeti weliwadia, rac tradiciad iqca. es krebuli erTgvari gzamkvleviviT gaxda litmcodneobisTvisac. mTeli wlis manZilze, sxvadsxva literaturul gamocemebSi gamoqveynebuli mxatvruli teqstebidan saukeTesod miCneuli moTxrobebi erT krebulad iqceva xolme, rac, Tavis mxriv, vfiqrobT, TvalsaCineobas warmoadgens _ ra icvleba yovelwliurad qarTul prozaSi romeli tendenciebi viTardeba, ra siaxleebi mkvidrdeba da saerTod, rogor mimdinareobs prozis ganviTarebis procesi, anda zogadad, mwerlobis ganviTarebis procesi. am krebulTa mixedviT SegviZlia vimsjeloT, ramdenad sicocxlisunariani da aqtiuri iyo literaturuli cxovreba ama Tu im wlebSi, romeli beWduri organoebi arsebobdnen da romeli iyo maTgan mowinave, rodidan gaxda optimaluri asparezi `portali~ _ virtualuri samyaro, yvelaze Tavisufali orbita... am wamowyebas Tavis droze raime konkretuli mizani ar hqonia. 2002 wlis pirveli krebulis winasityvaobaSi vkiTxulobT: àseTi krebulis gamocemis idea Tavdapirvelad mweralma zaal samadaSvilma SemogvTavaza. saboloo saTauris _ `15 saukeTeso~ _ da krebulSi Sesuli moTxrobebis SerCevac gamomcemlobam ganaxorciela. raRa Tqma unda, ara gvaqvs pretenzia, rom es SerCeva obieqturia _ igi mxolod da mxolod gamomcemlobis Sexedulebas gamoxatavs. yvelas aqvs ufleba, gamosces msgavsi krebuli da Seadginos igi sakuTari gemovnebiT. [...] Cveni azriT, 15 is optimaluri raodenobaa, romelic met-naklebad iZleva saSualebas, Tvali mivadevnoT qarTuli moTxrobis gzas ukanaskneli wlis ganmavlobaSi~. 2004 wlidan ki `15 saukeTeso~ kidev erTi mniSvnelovani funqciiT daitvirTa: gamomcemlobam fuladi premia daawesa I, II, III adgilis gaTvaliswinebiT. krebulebis obieqturobasa da subieqturobaze saubari zedmeti ar aris, magram arc Zalian kritikuli midgoma gvmarTebs, miTumetes,

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roca Semdgenlebi Tavidanve gvafrTxileben _ obieqturobaze pretenzia ar gvaqvso, Tumca, erTi kia: pirveli krebulidan bolo krebulamde sagrZnobia TaobaTa, tendenciaTa da literaturuli gemovnebis cvla Tu cvalebadoba. 20012002 wlebis saukeTeso moTxrobaTa avtorebis _ guram gegeSiZis, vaJa gigaSvilis, oTar CxeiZis, rezo WeiSvilis fonze Tanamedroveebad gvevlinebian beso xvedeliZe, daTo qarTveliSvili, irakli javaxaZe... debiutantebad _ zurab leJava da gela Cqvanava... saerTod, 2002 wels gamocemuli krebuli, garda imisa, rom pirvelia, gamoirCeulicaa, ramdenime Taobis Tavmoyris da teqstTa Tematikis absoluturi gansxvavebulobis gamo. mokled, literaturulad mrvalferovania da mxatvruli RirebulebebiTac gamoirCeva. momdevno wlebis krebulebSi ki debiutantTa Tu axalbeda avtorTa siuxvea sagrZnobi da beso xvedeliZe, aka morCilaZe, daviT qarTveliSvili da laSa buRaZe ukve gasuli saukunis warmomadgenlebad gvevlinebian. 2005 wlidan axali tendencia vlindeba qarTul prozaSi – qal mweralTa sagrZnobi gaaqtiureba. 2005 wlidan moyolebuli yovelwlirad `15 saukeTesoSi~ eqvsi avtori qalia. mokled, msgavsi patarpatara niuansebiT, romlebic am krebulebs Tan axlavs, ukve SeiZleba mTlian procesze msjeloba. 2011 wels `bakur sulakauris gamomcemlobam~ kidev erTi proeqti SemogvTavaza `21-e saukunis qarTuli moTxroba” _ es gaxlavT erTi aTwleulis gamocdilebis Sejameba Tu Sejamebis mcdeloba. anTologiaSi Sesuli 30 avtori sxvadasxva dros `15 saukeTesoSic~ moxvedila. wignis ydaze vkiTxulobT: `literaturuli procesis ukeT warmosaCenad TiTo avtoris TiTo moTxrobaa SerCeuli. marTalia, jer mxolod XXI saukunis erTi aTwleulia gasuli, magram am xnis ganmavlobaSi qarTuli proza mniSvnelovnad Seicvala. es anTologiac swored am cvlilebebis adekvaturad asaxvis mcdelobaa~. sxvaTa Soris, am anTologias ukve aweria Semdgenelis gvar-saxeli _ Tavad gamomcemeli gvevlineba Semdgenelad. `21-e saukunis qarTuli moTxrobis~ Sesaxeb literatori malxaz xarbedia werda: ès wigni axali saukunis pirveli aTwleulis erTgvar literaturul Sejamebas warmoadgens. sxva sakiTxia, ramdenad zustadaa Sejamebuli es yvela-

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feri, anu ramdenad adekvaturad gamoxatavs anTologia am aTi wlis literaturul process, da aq ukve Semdgenelis pasuxismgeblobaze mogviwevs saubari. albaT, asec unda iyos, Semdgenels yovelTvis aqvs ufleba Tavisi gemovneba moaxvios Tavs mkiTxvels da es ufleba yvelaze metad acocxlebs _ yovel SemTxvevaSi, unda acocxlebdes _ samwerlo cxovrebas~. Tanamedrove epoqaSi literaturuli gemovnebis gansazRvra gamomcemlebma aiRes sakuTar Tavze da XX saukunis miwurulidan es tendencia ukve msoflio gamocdilebad iqca. am gamocdilebis dasavluri modeli pirdapir, yovelgvari adaptaciis gareSe gadmovida Cvens sinamdvileSi. iseTi STabeWdileba rCeba, rom qarTul gamomcemlobaTa xelmZRvanelTa SerCeva CvenTvis ucnobi mizezebiT moxda da wignis momxmarebels isRa darCenia, yovelgvari zedmeti kiTxvebis gareSe daeTanxmos rogorc SemoTavazebul arCevans, ise gamomcemelTa mier arCeul sagamomcemlo politikasac. am winaswari garemoebebis gamo, yvela pretenzias, romelic SeiZleba gaCndes teqstebis SerCevis mxriv, iqve ecleba safuZveli, radgan arsebuli preambulis Tanaxmad, gemovnebaze ar daoben, miTumetes, gamomcemlis gemovnebaze. samwuxaro isaa, rom literaturul tendenciebze msjeloba swored amgvari subieqturi “arCevanis” mixedviT xdeba, Torem aravin daobs imaze, rom is 30 avtori, romlebic anTologiaSi arian warmodgenilni, ukanaskneli 20 wlis qarTuli prozis met-naklebad TvalsaCino warmomadgenlebi arian, Tumca, eWvi avtorebis mimarTac Cndeba: ama Tu im avtoris ufro metad warmoCena da asparezze gamoCenac, xSir SemTxvevaSi, gamomcemelTa prerogativad iqca. ukve aRiniSna, rom es anTologia sami Taobis mwerlebs aerTianebs, Tumca, saintereso sul sxva ramea: avtorebi da maTi Semoqmedeba periodebis mixedviT veRar daiyofa. literatorebs mwerlebisa da maTi Semoqmedebis mimoxilva mouwevT ara erTi konkretuli periodis mixedviT, aramed tendenciaTa da Tematikis mixedviT. magaliTad, mamuka xerxeuliZe da nikuSa anTaZe erTidaigive dros gamovidnen samwerlo asparezze, magram asakobrivad erTidaigive Taobas ar warmoadgenen, albaT amitomac moxda, rom maTi prozis Tematikac radikalurad gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan, xerxeuli-

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ZisTvis ufro iseTi Temebi da ideebia saintereso, romelic aw ukve gasuli aTwleulebis mwerlobisTvis iyo damaxasiaTebeli, anTaZisTvis da zarquasTvis ki mimdinare epoqis tendenciebia sayuradRebo. msgavs krebulebSi gansakuTrebiT saintereso axalbeda avtorebis Semoqmedebaa. isini migvaniSneben, Tu ra siaxleebi Semodis mwerlobaSi. anTologiaSi Sesul axalgazrda mwerlebis teqstTa ideisa da saTqmelis arsis gansazRvra rTulia, magram erTi ram TvalSisacemia _ gamocdili avtorebiviT, maT TTqos zustad ician, raze da rogor weron. araviTari eqsperimenti! winamorbedTagan (90-ianelebisgan) gansxvavebiT, axalgazrdebi mza gamocdilebT sargebloben da amitom eqsperimentebiT, sakuTaris dagrovebiT naklebad iwuxeben Tavs. 90-ianelebi momavali TaobisTvis namdvilad aRmoCdnen reformatorebi, am gadasaxedidan ukve TvalnaTliv Cans, rom maT marTlac hqondaT sakuTari funqcia qarTuli mwerlobis istoriaSi. rogorcUukve iTqva, axalbeda (axalgazrda) avtorTa interesis sferoa mimdinare procesebi, is, rac maT Tvalwin viTardeba da yalibdeba. Tumca namdvilad Znelia imis Tqma, ramdenad seriozuli da Rrmaa es imteresi. ufro piriqiT. amitomac aRiqmeba zogierTi maTgani `naTargmn teqstad~ (malxaz xarbedia jaba zarquas moTxrobaze), Tanac ara mxolod sxva literaturidan, aramed kinematografidan `naTargmn~ Tu nasesxeb teqstad. msgavsi Temebi imdenad araorganulia Cveni realobisTvis (Tundac literaturuli gemovnebisTvis), rom mwerluri siTamamis da, Tundac niWierebis miuxedavad, aramxolod uinteresos xdis kiTxvis process, aramed cxovrebisadmi mwerlisa da mwerlobis damokidebulebasac eWvqveS ayenebs. ostaturad wers krebulis asakiT yvelaze umcrosi avtori nino tefnaZec, romlis `koqto, minkusic~ morigi banaluri istoriaa motyuebul gogoze, oRondac ara cremlnarevi da tragikuli pasaJebiT, aramed TanamedroveobisTvis damaxasiaTebeli gulgrili damokidebulebebiT gajerebuli. am yvelafris metaforad namdvilad gamodgeboda amave krebulSi dabeWdili erT-erTi moTxrobis personaJi _ mwerali (guram megreliSvilis `mwerali~) _ mware ironiiTa da imavdroulad realobis utyari

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alRoTi gajerebuli saxe. teqsti zustad asaxavs epoqisaTvis damaxasiaTebel sulier kriziss, adamianis dakninebasa Tu RirebulebaTa gaufasurebas. `mwerlis sikvdilis~ dekonstruqciul-postmodernistul versias, ideas mwerali pirdapir, yofiT doneze warmogvidgens. krebulSi mravladaa grZnobebisagan daclil da gamofitul, xelmocarul adamianTa yofis amsaxveli teqstebi, romlebic, ubralod saintereso an uintereso sakiTxavad SeiZleba SevafasoT. moTxrobebi Tematuradac mravalferovania: filosofiuri, fsiqologiuri, fantastikuri, sayofacxovrebo... istoriuli da didaqtikuri teqstebi, didi xania, aRar iwereba erTi martivi mizezis gamo _ Tanamedrove literaturuli esTetika msgavs Temebs ugulvebelyofs, ufro metic, maT parodirebas axdens. zedapirulobisa da RirebulebaTa krizisis tendenciad qcevis miuxedavad, teqstTa umravlesoba mainc cdilobs garkveuli emociebis Seqmnas, Tumca maTi motivacia banaluria da verc damajereblad gamoiyureba. dasavluri cnobierebisTvis incestis Tema, SesaZloa, misaRebic iyos, magram qarTuli sociokulturuli konteqstisTvis, iseve rogorc masobrivi mkiTxvelisaTvis, msgavsi Temebi, rbilad rom vTqvaT, saxamuSoa, gamocdilisaTvis ki _ mdare da sinanulis aRmZvreli _ avtorTa kargi mwerluri SesaZleblobebis araswori xarjvis gamo. cxadia, anTologiiT, romelmac cxra wliani mwerluri gamocdileba Seajama, xarisxiani literatura ver miviReT. erTi-ori Ronieri teqsti rom ara (nugzar SataiZis `mogzauroba afrikaSi~, kote jandieris `globalizacia~ da sxv.), gamocdili mkiTxvelis moxibvla namdvilad gaWirdeboda. Cveni realuri sociokulturuli konteqstisaTvis Seuferebeli da araavTenturi Tematikis masobrivi tiraJireba, ukontrolo da xSirad ugemovno kolaJi, inertuli, usicocxlo literaturuli TamaSebi, kliSed qceuli ironiuli Txroba, kalki da erTferovani `rimeiqi~ sasurvel da mosalodnel `kreatiulobas~ ver qmnis. sabolood, am anTologiis ganxilvisas, zogierTebi mainc Semdgenelis subieqturobaze isaubreben da arcaa gasakviri, magram aucileblad unda aRiniSnos, rom es wigni ar war-

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moadgens e.w. `meqanikur aglomeracias~, bolosdabolos im mweralTa jgufi, romlebic wignSi arian Tavmoyrilni (nikuSa anTaZe, zaza burWulaZe, laSa buRaZe, daTo gabunia, Teona dolenjaSvili, jaba zarqua, zaza TvaraZe, SoTa iaTaSvili, baCo kvirtia, mika kikaCeiSvili, ana korZaia-samadaSvili, zurab leJava, guram megreliSvili, maka miqelaZe, aka morCilaZe, mariana nanobaSvili, zaal samadaSvili, irakli samsonaZe, irma taveliZe, nino tefnaZe, Tamri fxakaZe, daTo qardava, daviT qarTveliSvili, irakli qasraSvili, arCil qiqoZe, nugzar SataiZe, gela Cqvanava, mamuka xerxeuliZe, beso xvedeliZe, kote jandieri) Cveni samwerlobo realobaa da am cxra wlis manZilze maT ukeTesi teqstebi aqvT gamoqveynebuli, vidre anTologiaSia Sesuli, amitomac rCeba gancda, rom wigni gamiznulad SerCeuli moTxrobebiTaa Sedgenili da qarTveli ki ara, ucxoeli mkiTxvelisTvisaa gankuTvnili. wigni qarTuli mwerlobis ganviTarebis xelSemwyob politikas ki ar atarebs, aramed TiTqos TxuTmetsaukunovani mTlianobis ucxo, dasavlur relsebze gadayvanas cdilobs.

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ESSAY zaza firaliSvili

irakli farjiani da Sexvedris metafizika mxatvris Sesaxeb saubars misi gamocdilebis hipnoturi xibli gaiZulebs, myisieri gamocxadebasaviT rom SemoiWreba. SeiZleba isic aRmoaCino, rom am gamocdilebas, romlis mimarTac pirveli reaqcia, albaT, erTgvari Suri iyo, Turme Tavadac atarebdi, rogorc sakuTari sulis SesaZlebel, magram jerac umoqmedo horizonts; ufro metic, Turme, es Suri Cemi da mxatvris pirveladi Tanaobisa da gamocdilebis ziari sivrcis gaxsenebis gza yofila. grZnob, wamierad rogor fermkrTaldeba zRvari mxatvarsa da Sens Soris (iseve, rogorc gamkrTalebulia sazRvari Tavad masa da im movlenas Soris, romelsac igi gadahyria) da rogor iwyebT oriveni erTi ziari Tu Tanxmieri gamocdilebiT arsebobas. amiT, am, Tu SeiZleba iTqvas, idumali urTierTmisalmebiT TiTqos mesame personalurobas qmniT _ im teqst-personalurobas, Tqveni TanaobiT rom iZerweba da miuxedavad, erTi SexedviT, efemeruli arsebobisa, warmoadgens im „namdvilze unamdviles“ sivrces, romelSic imTaviTve yofilxarT ganTavsebulni. amiT mxatvris „samyaro“ Sens sakuTar gamocdilebad iqceva da am azriT, mxatvris gagebis aqti erTgvari spiritualuri seansia, romlis ritualsac oriveni asrulebT d urTierTs erTimeorisa da sakuTari Tavis, rac mTavaria, Tqveni Sexvedris Sesaxeb auwyebT da ase povebT da adasturebT erTmaneTs. yvelaze rTuli am dros, albaT, im instrumentaliebisa da lingvisturi arsenalis moZiebaa, SexvedriT naZerw teqstSi srulfasovani monawileobis saSualebas rom mogcems. arada, ametyveleba Cans, rom garduvalia. mere SeiZleba isic gaviazroT, rom amgvar spiritualistur aqts Cven yoveldRiurad da lamis yovelwamierad vaxorcielebT. nebismieri Sexvedra, Tundac yvelaze umniSvnelo saganTan, am sagnis, rogorc axali gamocdilebis velSi Sesvlaa. adamianTa interaqciaSi ki swored Tanaziari gamoc-

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dilebis sivrcea is „adgili“, sadac erTmaneTs vpoulobT da vxvdebiT. ufalic aq SeiZleba iyos, radgan igi swored iqaa, sadac orni, gina samni misi, rogorc gzisa da WeSmaritebis saxeliT viyriT Tavs. amdenad, Sexvedra, rogorc aseTi, yvela SemTxvevaSi uflis wiaRSi Tanaobaa. am azriT, jojoxeTi, rogorc usasrulo martooba, rogorc mas makari megvipteli aRwers, sxva araferia, Tu ara am uzenaesi konteqstis dakargva _ konteqstisa TanaobaSi da TanaobiT. vimeoreb: amgvar erTian universalur gamocdilebaSi Tanayofnis gareSe Cven usasrulo martoobaSi mogviwevda arseboba. Tavad cnobierebac xom Tanayofnisa da totaluri gamocdilebis sivrceSi yofnis unaria da amis gareSe igi arc arsebobs. da Tu igi arsebobs, mxolod am gamocdilebaSi pirveladi Sexvedris pirobiT. amdenad, es ukanaskneli Cveni konstituciuri nawilia manam, sanam Tavadve ar vityviT masze uars imiT, rom Seuval da usinaTli atomebad vaqcevT sakuTar Tavsac da sxva yovelive sxvasac. farjiani swored am pirveladi Tanaobis aqtSia dabudebuli da amiT migvaniSnebs gamocdilebis im sivrceze, romlis hipnoturi xiblic Semdeg ise migvyveba, rogorc Cveni kuTvnili ram. farjianze saubrisas Sexvedris metafizika Cven ar agvirCevia, rogorc erTi Tema sxva mraval SesaZlo TemaTa Soris. es ufro is saxelia, romelic SeiZleba daarqva imas, raSic mxatvari araCveulebrivi gulwrfelobiT „gityuebs“. namdvili mxatvari xom yovelTvis gityuebs sadRac, SenTvis nacnob metaforebs, simboloebsa da algoriTmebs iSveliebs da ise Segityuebs Tanayofnis gamocdilebaTa wiaRSi. da ramdenadac saqme TanayofnasTan gvaqvs, bunebrivia, igulisxmeba, idumali Tanxmoba da dasturi, romlis wyaroc yvela sxva danarCenebi varT, yvelani, vinc masTan erTad adamianur yofierebaSi vmonawileobT. adamianuri gonebis verc erTi nayofi ver iarsebebda, rom ar arsebobdes adresatisa da adresantis, mxatvrisa da aRmqmelis mwerlisa da mkiTxvelis es ucnauri urTierTmonacvleoba. avtors TiTqos mxolod Cvengan aqvs delegirebuli ufleba, rom mTeli am universaluri Tanayofnis produqti ferebis, konturebis, simboloTa, metaforaTa Tu bgeraTa enaze Targmnos.

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albaT, swored asea: farjianis mxatvrobaze saubari Sexvedris metafizikaze saubris sinonimuria. rogor ganyenebuladac ar unda vexebodeT am Temas, farjianis ferwera TavisTavad Cndeba ara rogorc misi interpretacia, aramed rogorc fenomeni, romelsac pirveladi gulwrfelobiTa da wminda gulubryvilobiT, ferebisa da lamis mxolod miniSnebuli konturebiT aumetyvelebia igi. amdenad, winamdebare teqsti iqneba ara teqsti teqstis Sesaxeb, aramed mcdeloba imisa, rom farjianTan TanaobaSi gaviazroT Sexvedris metafizika, rogorc pirveladi adamianuri viTareba, rogorc ukve naxsenebi teqsti-personaluroba, masTan idumal TanamSromlobaSi erTgvarad mainc gavigoT, Tu ras warmoadgens Sexvedra adamianuri arsebobisaTvis da ratom warmoadgens igi im fenomens, romlis gareSec adamiani verc iwodeba adamianad. gardacvalebis msgavsad, igic xom sakuTriv adamianuri ram gaxlavT. adamianis garda, sxva arc erTma arsebam ar icis, ras niSnavs es, radgan igi, sxva arsebaTagan gansxvavebiT, TanSobili codvis mizeziT, gandevnila da misi mTeli arseboba mas Semdeg dabrunebis, pirvelad yofierebaSi kvlavdavanebis mcdelobad qceula. pirveli, rac irakli farjianTan dakavSirebiT kacs azrad mogdis, aris maqsima: yvelaze mniSvnelovani, rac xdeba, xdeba aq da axla, im wams, rodesac me warvmdgarvar Tundac yvelaze umniSvnelo sagnebis meSveobiT ametyvelebuli yofierebis winaSe. tyuilad veli, rom Cemi cxovrebis Tu Tundac samyaros yvelaze mniSvnelovani movlenebi ukve momxdara an SemdgomSi moxdeba. sinamdvileSi mxolod aq da axla SemiZlia Cemi arsebobis mTel sisrules movuyaro Tavi da amiT gavTavisuflde im valdebulebebisagan Tu molodinebisagan, romelTac warsuli Tu momavali miweseben. amgvar „aq da axla“ yofnaSi sazriss hkargavs ara mxolod warsuli da momavali, aramed Tavisufleba da garduvaloba, sasruloba da usasruloba, anu yvela is kategoria, romliTac adre Cems arsebobas vafasebdi. me Tanaarsi var da amiT amovwurav sakuTari Tu yofierebis Sefasebis yovelgvar SesaZleblobas. „aq da axla“ yofnis amgvari totaloba, ramdenadac mis paralizebas aRar axdens warsuli da momavali, albaT, yovelgvari kreaciis dasabamia. es ar aris Teurgia. mas win arc raime

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Teoria uZRvis, arc magikosis joxi esaWiroeba, arc _ alqimiuri kolbebi da arc raime haluciogenuri saSualeba. igi Teurgia xdeba im pozicionalobis meSveobiT, romlis mopovebac SevZeli imiT, rom Cems cnobierebaSi yovelgvari SesaZlo kreaciis „adgils“ mivageni _ aq da axlas. amitomac, imis gaazreba, rom yvelaze mniSvnelovani SeiZleba moxdes mxolod aq da axla, totalurad angrevs warsuls, momavals, socialur kavSirebsa da valdebulebebs, memkvidreobiT miRebul warmodgenaTa sistemas, ufro metic, saganTa Cveul sistemasa da mimarTebebs da Zenonis SeCerebuli isris msgavsad wertilis usasrulobaSi miTrevs _ im wertilisa, romelic, maTematikosTa Tanaxmad, SeiZleba kidec iqces wrfisa da sivrcis, rac igivea, axali sinamdvilis saTaved. amgvari dekonstruqciis, sulis amgvari siRatakis gareSe SeuZlebelia „aq da axla“ universalur mniSvnelobaTa SesaZleblobas gavuxsnaT asparezi. farjiani, Tavisi didi winamorbedis, firosmanis msgavsad, totalurad aq da axlaa da mec maiZulebs, rom momavlis molodinebiT Tu warsulis valdebulebebiT moZravi SevCerde da am „adgilis“ magiur wreSi vigrZno Tavi, am wris meSveobiT gaviazro, rom mec monawile var sayovelTao Tanaobisa, rac igivea, mec RvTiuri naperwklis matarebeli var da Sexvedris sakuTriv adamianuri unariT vadastureb yofierebas. yvelaze mniSvnelovani, rac xdeba, xdeba aq da axla da swored aq da axla aris is wre, romliskenac unda vidode, rogorc Cemi `Sinisaken~. albaT, swored amas gulisxmobs ufali: àrca Tquan: aha aqa, anu iqi. da ha egera sasufeveli RmrTisaÁ Soris Tquensa ars~ (luka.17.21). Tu amas gavigeb, maSin isic cxadi iqneba CemTvis, rom ufali axlac dadis iudeisa da galileis gzebze da aRasferi axlac cdilobs samudamo gansasveneblis mignebas, rom Cems winaSe gaTamaSebul sul mcire da usaxo movlenaSic ki mTeli kosmosi ametyvelebula. mTavaria, davijero es maqsima da Cemi sulis instrumentad vaqcio, mTavaria, davijero, rom sagans ZaluZs metyveleba da yvelaze idumali ambebis moyola. firosmanisagan gansxvavebiT, farjiani naklebad cdilobs kulturis im formebis mxatvrul formebSi ganmeorebas, romelTa garemocvaSic daibada. firosmanis SemTxvevaSi

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Semoqmedsa da kulturas Soris zRvari imdenad waSlila, rom erTis moZraoba meoris moZraobas niSnavs da piriqiT. igi mTlianad kulturis vibraciaTa rezonansSia moqceuli da Tavisi ZalisxmeviT axal sicocxles, axal dinamikas aniWebs mas. igi im ucnauri alqimikosiviTaa, romelsac xelis mcire moZraobiT an sakraluri sityvebis warmoTqmiT ZaluZs erTdroulad, kulturis ukve arsebul formaTa dadasturebac da masSi qariSxlebis aRZvrac. sxvagvarad Tu vityviT, firosmani Cvenive sulierebis niRbebiT gveTamaSeba da, erTi SexedviT, mTlianad am niRbebis farglebSi rCeba. amitomac SeiZleba igi ase iolad miviCnioT Tbilisuri egzotikis nawilad da mudam SezarxoSebuli qalaqis ideologad. mas ZaluZs, Tavi ise mogaCvenos, TiTqos organuli nawili iyos im giganturi karnavalisa, wina ori saukunis mijnis Tbilisi rom hqvia da swored am karnavalur niRbebSi migagnebinebs im metafizikur sevdas, saidanac es niRbebi gamoZerwila da rasac Tbilisi atarebda, rogorc Tavis suls. igi im angeloziviTaa, romelic kulturis formebs da sakuTar miwier sxeulsac niRbad irgebs da da ise mivyavarT yofierebasTan Sexvedris im wertilamde, saidanac, rogorc vTqviT, iwyeba kidec sakuTriv adamianuri arseboba. am wertilamde adamiani jer isev saSualo-yoveldRiuri arsebaa, socialuri atomia, romelSic pirveladi simebi jerac ar axmianebula. amitomac cdilobs, rogorme gagvityuos niRabTa miRma ise, rom Cven, marad erTsa da imaveSi Caketilma arsebebma ver vamxiloT da ganvdevnoT igi. igi im genialuri artistiviTaa, romelic gamudmebiT TamaSobs „sxvas“ da am „sxvaTa“ wiaR _ sakuTar Tavs. da am ukanasknels wamierad Tu mainc amJRavnebs, mxolod saimisod, rom erTxel mainc mogveces Sansi, rom yofierebasTan Sexvedris mTeli sisavse masTan erTad ganvicadoT. am didi winamorbedisagan gansxvavebiT, farjiani ar iSveliebs artistis wminda TvalTmaqcobas da ar cdilobs, CvenTvis nacnob formebSi gaaxvios Tavisi amwamieri gamocdileba. Tavisi senisa da mudmivi sabediswero molodinis gamo mas ara hqonda imis dro da mocaleoba, ena moeCliqa da aRmqmelisaTvis gasageb enaze eTargmna igi. amis nacvlad igi pirdapir, uSualo sicxadiT Slis mTels panoramas, yofierebasTan pirispir Sexvedris mTels zRvrul daZabulobas, saidanac

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TiTqos moulodnelad ucnauri da, amavdroulad, mtkivneulad nacnobi naTeli simsubuqe ibadeba. swored amiT aris igi erTdroulad uSualocaa da hermetulic da ase ityuebs imaT, visac masaviT sadRac da odesRac mainc SeugrZvnia yofierebasTan Sexvedra-damSvidobebis sabediswero wertili. farjianisaTvis Sexvedra ar aris mxolod Sexvedra. es ukanaskneli misTvis samaradiso damSvidobebis sevdiTaa gajerebuli. am Temas kidev SevexebiT. farjianze saubrisas Cven Znelad Tu moviSveliebT sityvas `kreacia~. igi ar aris kreatori am sityvis pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT. Tu platonis terminologias movixmobT, igi ar aris _ saganTa,rogorc ideTa mibaZvis mimbaZveli. igi ar qmnis saganTa simulaciur oreulebs maTSi maTi arsebobis kanonzomierebis amocnobiT. am azriT igi Tanamyofia da ara kreatori, anu is mxatvaria, romlis vnebaTaRelvis birTvsac qmnis mcdeloba, gadalaxos yvelaferi, ramac yofierebas SeiZleba daaSoros. kreatori igi sul sxva mniSvnelobiTaa da am Temas Cven kidev SevexebiT. igi xatavs ara rogorc paraleluri sinamdvilis Semqmneli demiurgi, aramed rogorc samyaroSi uCinrad moxvedrili arseba, romelic yoveldRiuri SexvedrebiT adasturebs am samyaros arsebobas da amgvar SexvedraTa dokumentebs qmnis. misi sixaruli aris ara e.w. mxatvruli sinamdvilis“ Seqmnisa da demonstrirebis, aramed misalmebis sixaruli, infantiluri daufaraobiT rom mJRavndeba. es aris salmis sixaruli, samyaroSi Tundac uwesrigid da yovelgvari harmoniis gareSe mimofantul saganTa Sexvedrisa da salmis sixaruli, es aris sixaruli im Sexvedrisa, romelic qariSxlis an miwisZvris dros SeiZleba Sedges im or arsebas Soris, romelsac daukargavT yovelgvari kosmiuri garantiebi, romelTa iluziiTac varsebobT da romlebic xangamoSvebiT xelidan gvisxlteba, an romelsac bediswera Tavisi gamoucnobi kanonebiT xelidan gamogvaclis xolme, raTa kidev da kidev erTxel gamovcadoT es sixaruli, es pirveladi, bavSvuri sixaruli arsebobisa da sxvebTan Sexvedrisa, Tanayofnisa. amitomac, farjianis mxatvroba aris ara imdenad kreacia, aramed sagnebTan, movlenebTan da adamianebTan pirveladi Sexvedris uwyveti Zieba.

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kidev erTxel unda vaxsenoT firosmani. qarTveli mxatvrebidan firosmanis Semdeg, albaT arc erTTan ar igrZnoba samaradiso dasamSvidobeblad misalmebis is ganwyoba ise, rogorc es farjianTanaa. magram Tu firosmani amiT umal Tavisi kulturis agentia da misi piriT Tbilisuri sulierebis es Rrma metafizikuri kaeSani metyvelebs, farjians bedma arguna mudmivad etarebina aRsasrulis molodini. da miuxedavad amgvari mdgomareobis dramatulobisa, swored mas ZaluZs, gaaRviZos is pirveladi gancdebi, ganwyobilebebi da kiTxvebi, romlebic Semdeg sulierebis mTels reliefs gansazRvraven xolme. albaT, unda SevTanxmdeT, rom cocxalia mxolod is, rasac sikvdilTan aqvs mimarTeba, rac TviTmkmari sicocxlis farglebSi ar CarCenila da risTvisac es ukanaskneli mudmivad moiTxovs misi uaryofisagan _ sikvdilisagan gamarTlebasa da dasturs. amitomac, gvsurs Tu ara, sikvdilis uwyveti, rutinuli molodinis Temas kvlav da kvlav unda davubrundeT, miTumetes, Cvens megzurad iqca kaci, vinc SeZlo da es molodini samyarosTan mimarTebis instrumentad aqcia, anu gaakeTa is, rac, erTi SexedviT, banalobaa, Tumca ki imgvari, Cveulebrivi adamianisagan zRvrul Zalisxmevas rom moiTxovs. man SesZlo da am molodinis rezonansSi moaqcia mTeli Tavisi cxovreba da amiT moipova is, rasac Semdeg ferebisa da konturebis meSveobiT gamoxatavda. swored am instruments, sulis am mdgomareobas SeiZleba vuwodoT Sexvedra-damSvidobebis ganwyoba, gzad Semoyrili sagnebis moulodneli perspeqtivis gaxsnisaken rom aris mowodebuli. misi yoveli Sexvedra saganTan Tu movlenasTan, amave dros samaradiso damSvidobeba iyo da swored es gansazRvravda im vnebas, romliTac igi yoveli ujrediT lamobda am saganTan Sexvedras, rodesac sulis yoveli vibracia, marad daumorCilebeli sxeulis yoveli moZraoba sagnisken, rogorc miznisken aris mimarTuli. Tumca ki naTqvami mainc ver gamoxatavs am vnebis Sinaarss da es garemoeba Cvengan am ukanasknelis sakuTar TavSi amocnobas moiTxovs. amitomac giTrevs farjiani sagnebTan, adamianebTan da movlenebTan Sexvedris hipnotur garduvalobaSi, misi sulisa da sxeulis yovel vibracias rom gansazRvravda.

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bevrjer Tqmula, rom swored sikvdilTan mimarTebaa is, rac gansazRvravs pirovnebasac da mTels kulturasac. marTlac, sikvdilTan mimarTebis dakargva rogorc erTis, ise meoris samaradiso kvdomis niSania _ am sityvis im mniSvnelobiT, ra mniSvnelobiTac igi qarTul metyvelebaSi spontanurad gavrcelda bolo ori-sami aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi: daRupva, riTac sikvdilis idea transformirda idead, romelic adamianisaTvis yovelgvari perspeqtivisa da horizontis uarmyofelia. daRupva uaryofiTi mniSvnelobiT niSnavs im sasazRvro mdgomareobas, romelSic SeiZleba aRmovCndeT swored im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sikvdilis xsovnas gansxvavebuli horizontisaken ki ar mivyavarT, aramed samaradisod viketebiT imaSi, rac sakuTari Tavisagan Segviqmnia. amisgan gansxvavebiT, gardacvaleba gansxvavebul horizontSi yofnis unarze migvaniSnebs. am horizontis Tundac wamieri moxilvis gareSe Cven garduvalad vrCebiT miwier samoTxeze meocnebe, socio-kulturuli algoriTmebis tyveobaSi myof, arsebiTad, ukve mkvdar da gaxevebul socialur atomebad. amitomac, rogor ucnauradac ar unda JRerdes, sikvdilis gamocdilebis Tanaoba, rogorc gansxvavebuli horizontis daSvebis SesaZlebloba, Tavisuflebis, adamianad yofnis SesaZleblobaa _ gnebavT, am sityvis metafizikuri mniSvnelobiT. meoce saukunem meTodurad da Tanamimdevrulad gaitana frCxilebs gareT sikvdilis Tanaobis gamocdilebaze lamis yvela miniSneba. reduqcionizmma, romelmac socialur ideTa fokusze moaqcia adamianuri arsebis mravalsaxeoba, Tavad religiasa da eklesiasac socialur ideTa uzrunvelyofis funqcia mianiWa. sulis xsnis yovlismomcveli idea adamianis uflebaTa dacvis paTosiT iqna Canacvlebuli da, vin icis, dacvis ra RonisZiebebi ar iqna miRebuli saimisod, rom pirvelma ver moZebnos xvrelebi, raRa Tavisi namdvili adgili daibrunos. simptomaturia, rom meoce saukunis erTerTi yvelaze TvalsaCino moazrovne, iurgen habermasi dabejiTebiT saubrobs monoTeistur religiaTa destruqciul potencialze, ramdenadac isini samoqalaqo da liberaluri idealebis keTilxmianebasa da yovladsisruleSi sikvdilis ideaze apelirebiT bzars aCenen. marTlac, isini destruqciulebia, Tumca ki, xSirad, roca religiuri instituciebi da

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calkeuli sasuliero pirebi socialur ideebiT an paTetikuri patriotizmiT cdiloben Tavisi arsebobis gamarTlebas da saWiroebis dadasturebas, surT Tu ara, Tavisi arsebobiT adamians misi cxovrebis arasocialur konteqsts axseneben da ubruneben im metafizikur sevdas, romlis gareSec, rogorc vTqviT, adamiani ar aris adamiani. swored farjianTan erTad Tanagancdili metafizikuri sevda gvaiZulebs, rom komunikaciis (Tanaobis) aqtSi vimoZraoT ara molodinTa da imTaviTve garantirebuli gagebis velSi, aramed erTgvar molodinis zRvarze, iq, sadac SegviZlia, erTmaneTs simboloTa da metaforaTa meSveobiT mivaniSnoT Cvens uintimures gamocdilebaze, an, sulac warvuZRveT erTmaneTs Cvens intimur gamocdilebaSi ise, rom es ukanaskneli erTmaneTis gamocdilebad vaqcioT. Cvens adamianur yofas sakuTriv adamianur sazriss swored es aniWebs. amiT Cven imTaviTve SevadgenT metafizikuri sevdiT, rogorc pirveladi da umTavresi ZaliT amoZravebul arsebebs, romlebic miimarTebian ara mxolod socialuri meqanizmebiT regulirebadi interaqciisaken, arame iqiT, sadac Cveni pirveladi da saerTo gamocdilebania, sadac aris is, rasac Cveni pirveladi eklesiuroba SeiZleba vuwodoT. sakomunikacio demonebma SeiZleba wagvarTvan yvelaferi, SeiZleba wagvarTvan rwmena, sikeTis idea miwieri samoTxis ideiT gaajeron da ase Semdeg. mTavari, rac ar xelewifebaT, aris is, rom isini ver xelyofen metafizikuri sevdis Tavwyaros, sikvdilis farul da uwyvet molodins, rogorc, ra paradoqsuladac ar unda JRerdes, umTavres madls, romlis wyalobiTac cotaTi Tu bevrad Tavs vaRwevT socialur Tojinebad qcevis safrTxes. amitomac aris, rom adamiansac da kulturasac gansazRvravs es umTavresi niSani: ramdenad cxadad atarebs igi sikvdilis niSans, mis xsovnas, ramdenad ar miecema igi miwieri samoTxis ideiT Tu amwamieri hedonizmiT mTvrali sikvdilis daviwyebis cTunebas. sakomunikacio demonebma SeiZleba daipyron yvela amqveyniuri socialuri institucia, magram verafers daakleben erTsa da umTavress: Cvens Sexvedras faruli da imTaviTve saerTo gamocdilebis sivrceSi, risi wyalobiTac erTmaneTisaTvis zrunvisa da Tanamegzurobis sagnebad viqceviT. sikvdili gvaxsenebs am Sex-

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vedris garduvalobas, raTa igi tanjvad ar iqces mas Semdeg, rac igi erTaderT da namdvilze unamdviles faqtad mogvevlineba. da mainc, ratom ukavSirdeba erTmaneTs ase mWidrod RvTis sityva da sikvdilis molodini? ratom aametyvelebs igi yofierT idumali eniT da ratom mogviwodebs, rom „ganvTavsdeT“ am metyvelebaSi? pasuxi TiTqos TavisTavad modis. sikvdilis Tanaobam SeiZleba mogvitanos vnebaTaRelva imisa, rom misiT, rogorc instrumentiT, axali horizonti gavxsnaT CvenTvis da winaswarve avagoT yudro, romelSic gavTavsdebiT. da am yudros masala da substancia swored is RvTis sityvaa, romliTac sagnebi, movlenebi da adamianebi ametyvelebulan Cvens winaSe. am yudros wyalobiT me winaswarve maqvs moniSnuli is, saiTac mivdivar da rogor unda viaro am gzaze. esaa saboloo da umTavresi SexvedrisaTvis mzadeba da farjianma mTeli Tavisi vnebaTaRelva am mzadebas miuZRvna. da es man gaakeTa miuxedavad bunebrivi Zrwolisa, miuxedavad misi Tanadrouli gaRatakebuli qarTuli sulierebis imperativisa _ „asi wlis Semdeg“, miuxedavad imisa, rom am kulturis sakomunikacio demonebi mas gariyavdnen da „gaugebarisa“ da „ucxos“ niSans daadebdnen, miuxedavad imisa, rom misi Tanadrouli suliereba qristianobas ganixilavda rogorc erTgvar samuzeumo eqsponats, romelic umal kulturis fasads warmoadgenda, vidre mis Sinaarss. amiT iyo igi radikalurad arakonteqstualuri da amiT izidavda hipnoturi ZaliT im mnaxvelebs, visac sadRac da odesRac mainc moeniSnaT ZrwoliT gaRviZebuli intuiciebis Zala. mxatvroba misTvis RvTismsaxurebad iqca axali eqsistencialuri sivrcis dauflebis azriT. man SeZlo Zrwolis wiaRSi pirveladi sixaruli daenaxa da dRis sinaTleze gamoetana. es iyo gamarjveba ara mxolod kulturis imperativebsa da Tanadroul dabeCavebul sulierebaze, aramed, rac, albaT, yvelaze Znel amocanas warmoadgenda _ sakuTar daavadebul sxeulze, im uxilav avsulze, romelic ulmobeli TanamimdevrulobiT uRnida sxeuls da Zalebs arTmevda. da rac ufro momZlavrebuli iyo es avsuli, miT ufro cxoveli iyo RvTis sityvaSi davanebisa da sakuTari yudros agebis, maradiul da universalur eklesiaSi davanebis vneba. sikvdilis winaSe Zrwola xom maSin iRebs Tavis uzenaes mniSvnelobas,

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rodesac ki aRar gaurbixar, aramed iReb, rogorc garduvalobas da, ufro metic, axal horizontTa gaxsnis vnebian iaraRad aqcev mas. farjiani ar cdila, aTasgvari fsiqologiuri Tu qimiuri antidepresantebiT exsna Tavi. amgvari antidepresanti, placebos msgavsad, mxolod iluziuri Svebis momtania. ufro metic, igi gzas uketavs im Svebas, romelic Tavad molodinSi imaleba. sikvdilis molodiniT aRZruli depresia gancdaa imisa, rom aq, amqveynad, SenTan erTad da SenSi arsebobda raRac gacilebiT ufro mniSvnelovani perspeqtiva, vidre isaa, romliTac gicxovria da Tavi ver dagiRwevia ganvlili wlebis umniSvnelobis grZnobisaTvis. arada, es, amasTanave, Sansia, didi Sansi, rom sikvdilamde gardaicvalo da sikvdilamde gaxsna is sarkmlebi, saidanac uflis naTeli SemoanaTebs da metafizikur naTels Semoitans SenSi; Sansia imisa, rom sakuTari Tavi ufro did konteqstSi aRiqva, vidre is aris, romliTac gicxovria da es konteqsti, Turme, arsebobda yvelgan da yovelTvis, yvelaze umniSvnelo da arara saqmeebis keTebisas, fanqris Tlisas iseve, rogorc mxurvale locvisas, kolofidan amoRebuli sigaretis mosresisas iseve, rogorc raRac Zalze mniSvnelovanis gaazrebisas, radgan ufali CvenTan modis, rogorc uwyveti da amouwuravi gamocana da modis sagnebisa da adamianebis, keTil da borot viTarebaTa, sixarulisa da mwuxarebis gziT, modis da sxvas arafers iTxovs Cvengan, rom vaRiaroT misi Tanaoba. igi fanqris naTalidan iseve Semogvcqeris, rogorc xatidan da Cvengan sxvas arafers elis, Tu ara sapasuxo mzeras. Cveni saqme swored sapasuxo mzeris daxvedrebaa da ara is erTi SexedviT, umniSvnelovanesi saqmeebi da fiqrebi, romlebiTac vavsebT Cvens suls da mere Tavadve ver vpovebT maTgan Tavis daRwevis gzas; ase moZraobs Cvens mier nawarmoebi Cvenive oreuli samyaroSi, ase vagebT, rogorc amaRlebuli fiqrebiT Tu yovlad banaluri survilebiT aRWurvilebi, ucnaur imitacias arsebobisa da Semdeg mis tyveobaSi veqceviT. da es grZeldeba manam, sanam raRac gansxvavebuli da, Turme, SesaZlebeli arsebobis gamo maradiuli sevda Tavs gagvaxsenebdes. vnebebi cvdeba, rogorc folkneri ambobda, ubedurebac iRleba da am sevdis da masSi mociale uflis mzeris wyalo-

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biT axali horizontis karibWesTan aRmovCndebiT ferumariliTa da antidepresantebiT SeniRbulebi. amis Semdeg garduvali mogzaurobaa: didi yovladmniSvnelovani mogzauroba yovladmniSvnelovan konteqstSi. farjianma miiRo am mogzaurobis garduvaloba da mistikur mogzaurobaTa Zveli kelturi simbolos, navisadmi miZRvnili seriiT gamoxata igi. mogzauroba bediswerad iqceva maSin, rogorc ki SeZleb da aRiareb, rom kosmosSi yvelaze mniSvnelovani, rac xdeba, xdeba aq da axla da rom uflis Tvali swored aq da axla, yvelaze SeumCneveli sagnebidan da movlenebidan Semogcqeris. amis aRiarebiT iwyeba sagnebTan is Sexvedra, romliTac daviwyeT, aRiareba imisa, rom sagnebi da maTTan Sexvedra Cemi bedisweraa. bediswera xom sxva araferia, Tu ara drosa da sivrceSi ganfenili Cemi „me“, Tu ara Cemi mogzauroba sakuTari Tavis am ganfenilobaSi, sakuTari Tavis moxilva. amitomac SemiZlia vTqva, rom me var ara Cemi bedisweris obieqti, aramed _ misi subieqti, ramdenadac me masSi Cems ufals vxvdebi, radgan man sagnebad, movlenebad da adamianebad gadmoRvara Tavisi sityva da ase Semqmna me da Seqmna yvela sxva Cemgvari sasruli gonieri arsi. es aris mdgomareoba, rodesac SegiZlia wardge sagnis winaSe da ganacxado: ufali Seni mzeriT micqers. iqneb, ufals ar gaaCnia sxva Tvalebi, garda Seni Tvalebisa. SenTan Sexvedra masTan Sexvedra da mis mzeraSi davanebaa. SenTan Sexvedris gamocdileba ufalTan Sexvedris gamocdilebaa. Senc xom gamomTqmeli xar uflis sityvisa da misi idumali JReradoba mogaqvs CemTan. da ufalic Cvens TanaJReradobaSi daivanebs, Cveni TanaobiT vqmniT mis sxeuls, rogorc eklesias. da mniSvneloba ara aqvs, sad da rodis Sedgeba es Tanaoba. Cveni Sexvedra ukve gaumJRavnebeli liturgiaa da gaumJRavnebeli madliereba uflis mimarT mxolod imitom, rom Sedga es Sexvedra da Cven Cveni TanaobiT misi dasturi ZalgviZs _ am Sexvedris metafizikuri sivrcis, rogorc eklesiis agebis dasturi. am dros Sen mociquli xar uflisa, radgan igi Seni mzeriT micqers da Seni mociqulobis ZaliT afuZneb eklesias da mepatiJebi, misi Tanaamgebi viyo da SenTan erTad davivano masSi. rodesac iovane ambobs, giyvardeT erTmaneTi, am Tanaobas, am Tanadavnebas da ase nagebi eklesiis yudroSi yofnas gulis-

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xmobs. amgvari siyvaruli imis mignebaa, rom Cveni Sexvedra sxva araferia, Tu ara dasturi Sexvedrisa da uflis madlisa am Sexvedris gamo. ufali Seni mzeriT micqers da mcdis. amitomac, Sen yovelTvis marTali xar, Tundac xSirad ar mesmodes es. Seni mrisxanebaca da sicivec Cemi sisuleliTa da mTvlemarebiT iqsoveba. sxvagvarad vityvi: Seni mrisxaneba Tu sicive is sabinadroa, romelic meve avuge sakuTar Tavs Cemi sisuleliTa da mTvlemarebiT, Cemi uunarobiT, SemenarCunebina da damecva is Tanaoba, romlis unaric ufalma sesxad momca, raTa memravlebina igi. amis nacvlad, me davfali igi da uflos nacvlad SevTxze uxilavi da faruli meTvalyure, romelic gamudmebiT da fxizlad madevnebs Tvals. sinamdvileSi ki, Turme, ufali Seni mzeriT micqers da elis, Tu rodis SevZleb Tanaobas da ara aqvs mniSvneloba, Tu visi saxiT momevlina misi mzera: adamianis, cxovelis, mcenarisa Tu usicocxlo sagnisa, moulodnelad gaCenili fiqrisa Tu gancdisa da yovelive es Cemgan bavSvur Tanaobas elis da Tuki keTili samyaro odesme sadme SeiZleba moiqsovos, swored am Tanaobis wyalobiTa da madliT. ufali Seni mzeriT micqers da elis, davinaxav Tu ara amas, SevZleb Tu ara, Cemi sikvdili am mzeraSi saboloo davanebad vaqcio. ase iqceva sikvdilis molodinisa da Sexvedra-damSvidobebis metafizikuri sevda marad adamianur dResaswaulad. firosmanis msgavsad, farjiani ar svams pirvelad kiTxvebs. pirveladi kiTxva misi bunebrivi mdgomareobaa. Tavisma bedma igi gaaTavisufla imgvari zrdasrulobisagan, rodesac pirveladi kiTxvis dasma an uxerxulia, an ukve pasuxis kontursac niSnavs. pirveladi kiTxvis mdgomareoba ki arsad da arasodes arsebul wertilSi, anu, rac igivea, imgvari zRvruli daZabulobiT yofnas niSnavs, sikvdilamde gardacvaleba rom unda moitanos. amgvari kiTxvebi ki SeiZleba daibados iq, sadac pirveladi Sexvedris, „aq da axla“ Tanaobis totalobaa. farjianis mxatvroba swored am vnebiani daZabulobiT, am zRvruli intensivobis muxtiT aris niSandebuli. yvelaze mkrTal tonebSic ki igi gvaiZulebs, aRmovaCinoT is titanuri da, amasTanave, naTeli da msubuqi energia, romelic fers Tu sagans, rogorc aseTebs, gamoasxivebs.

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XX saukunis kritikuli da filosofiuri azris istoriidan G

redaqciisagan 1962 wels ori qarTveli mwerali gardaicvala emigraciaSi, evropis or sxvadasxva qalaqSi: grigol robaqiZe da aleqsandre WeiSvili. samwuxarod, mizezTa sxvaTa da sxvaTa gamo ukanaskneli saxeli mkiTxvelTa Zalze mcire jgufisTvis Tu aris cnobili, arada, aleqsandre WeiSvilis saxiT qarTul literaturas hyavs vaJa-fSavelas SesaniSnavi mkvlevari, eruditi da mozrovne. 2009 wels, ganmeorebiT gamocemul `tragikuli niRbebis~ winaTqmaSi Tamaz Cxenkeli werda: `tragikul niRbebTan~ dakavSirebiT erTxel kidev unda vaxseno al. WeiSvilis brwyinvale naSromi `mxatvruli saxis dinamika vaJa-fSavelas poemebSi~ (al.WeiSvili, kritikuli werilebi, 1948). am wignis arsebobaze Cems TaobaSi aravin araferi icoda. ucnauri is iyo, rom arc Cemi oponentebis sityvebSi (disertaciis msvlelobisas) da arc am wignis Sesaxeb gamoqveynebul eqvs recenziaSi erTi sityviTac ar yofila naxsenebi al. WeiSvilis es naSromi. aseTi totaluri `daviwyeba~, rogorca Cans, misi saxelis akrZalviT iyo gamowveuli. amave mizezis gamo yvela misi wigni gamqrali iyo biblioTekebidan. Cemi valia, ganvacxado, rom orive es gamokvleva, msgavsi mignebisa Tu intuiciis doneze SemuSavebuli sazrisis wina da momdevno, da amdenad sxvadasxva aspeqtis mimarTulebiT ganxorcielebuli naSromebia. orive gamokvleva aRbeWdilia drois suliT, rac maT aaxlovebs da ganasxvavebs kidec erTmaneTisagan~. ufro adre, gazeT `literaturul saqarTveloSi~ dabeWdil Tavis werilSi koba imedaSvili moixseniebs `vrcel Sromas vaJa-fSavelaze~, romelic èrT-erTi saukeTesoa maTgan, rac ki vaJa-fSavelaze dawerila. mas dResac ar daukargavs Tavisi mniSvneloba da mkiTxvelsa da student

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axalgazrdobas igi dResac bevrs miscemda. misi xelaxla gamoqveyneba aucilebelia~. Cvens rubrikaSi `kritikis~ mkiTxvels vTavazobT aleqsandre WeiSvilis swored am mecnierul narkvevs vaJa-fSavelaze. samwuxarod, SesaZlebloba ar mogveca srulad dagvebeWda igi Cvens JurnalSi. vimedovnebT, gamomcemlebi dainteresdebian al. WeiSvilis am mravalmxriv gamorCeuli naSromiT, literaturuli, fsiqologiuri da kulturologiuri aqcentebis gansakuTrebuli siRrmiT, romliTac aRbeWdilia gamokvleva. am publikaciiT vexmaurebiT aramarto didi poetis dabadebidan 150 wlisTavis iubiles, aramed naSromis avtoris, mwerlisa da literaturaTmcodnis aleqsandre WeiSvilis gardacvalebidan 50 wlisTavsac.

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aleqsandre WeiSvili*

vaJa-fSavela** vaJa-fSavelas poeziis sidiade imTaviTve ucdomlad igrZno misma Tanamedrove qarTulma kritikam. amis sailustraciod sakmarisia movigonoT Tundac ilia WavWavaZis `frTiani~ fraza, warmoTqmuli ìveriis~ redaqciaSi, vaJas erT-erTi nawarmoebis kiTxvis dros: _ ara, Cven, Zvelebma, axla kalami Zirs unda davdvaT, gza vaJas unda davuTmoTo. Tumca swored amitom, rom fraza frTiania, igi erTob Sors iWreba da mizans gadaacdens (vinaidan, ragind ubadlo niWiT, poeturi ZaliTac unda iyos dajildoebuli calkeuli mwerali, igi verasdros ver Seenacvleba mTeli eris mwerlobas, miTiuri herkulesis msgavsad, svetad ver Seudgeba mTeli xalxis poeziis cas), mainc me-19 saukunis qarTuli literaturis am bumberazis, Cveni eris maSindeli fiqrTampyrobelis, es Tqma, Tundac igi `literaturuli miTologiis~ produqts warmoadgendes, cxovlad asaxavs im atmosferos, romelic Seiqmna vaJas garSemo mis saliteraturo asparezze gamosvlisTanave. laRi mTis arwiviviT SemoiWra vaJa oTxmociani wlebis qarTul mwerlobaSi da es epiteti SerCa kidec mas bolomde. marto es, Cveni kritikis mier Serqmeuli saxelic, sakmarisi iyo imis gamosacnobad, Tu vis exeboda saubari. magram es epiteti orlesul iaraRs warmoadgenda: igi TiTqos maqebari iyo, magram amave dros masSi erTgvari gaugebrobis saTavec imarxeboda, rac vaJas Semoqmedebas erTgvar Crdils fenda. saqme imaSia, rom Cveni kritikis erTi nawili, da arc Tu ise mcire, vaJas raRac specifikur `mTis~ poetad `saxavda~ da mis poezias mTis xalxur Semoqmedebis TiTqmis ubralo gadamRerebad sTvlida. qarTveli mkvlevarebisa da kritikosebis erTma nawilma Tumca sworad igrZno vaJas Semoqmedebis Zala da siRrme, magram es Zala TiTqmis mTlianad vaJas Semoqmedebis pirvelwyarod dasaxul xalxur poezias miawera. ise SeeCvia mkiTxveli Cveni kritikis am tendencias, imas, rom vaJa-fSavelas

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Semoqmedebis ganxilva Cvens kritikaSi yovelTvis mTis xalxTa folkloris fonzea mocemuli, rom mas ukve uZneldeba vaJa-fSavelas individualuri Semoqmedebis gamoTavTaveba, misi am fonisagan damoukideblad warmodgena. [...] magram mTavari is ki ar aris, mocemulia Tu ara vaJas qmnilebaTa esa Tu is saxe an, ufro sworad rom vTqvaT, pirvelsaxe xalxur SemoqmedebaSi, aramed is, Tu ra ganviTarebas, evolucias ganicdian xalxuri Semoqmedebidan momdinare saxeebi vaJas individualur SemoqmedebaSi, kerZod mis poemebSi, Tu rogoria am ganviTarebis, gardaqmnis dinamika. vaJas poemebSi sainteresoa swored gmirebis sulieri moZraoba, maTi Sinagani samyaros Secvla, maTi, ase vTqvaT, xelaxali dabadeba, rasac isini xSirad barbarosobis, gamxecebis ufskrulidan humanizmis TvalismomWrel simaRleebze ahyavs. sakiTxavi ai ra aris: Tu magaliTad, vaJasave eniT rom vTqvaT, àluda qeTelauris~ araki (rac vaJas sul ramdenime frazaSi aqvs gadmocemuli) `sruliad ubralo martivs ambavze, ubralo SemTxvevazea aSenebuli~, maSin ra aris is minamati, danarTi, ase vTqvaT, arsebulze wamatebuli, rac mwerlis mier xalxSi gagonil ubralo, martiv ambavs, SemTxvevas, `bralianad~ aqcevs, rac àluda qeTelaurs~ epikuri poeziis Sedevrad xdis? rogor gardaqmnas ganicdis mxatvruli saxe, xalxuri Semoqmedebidan momdinare, Tu mwerlis mierve gamokveTil vaJas poemebSi rogoria am gardaqmnis dinamika? ra mxatvrul xerxze emyareba is meyvseuli, Tavbrudamxvevi siswrafiT, dinamikurobiT mimdinare procesi mxatvruli saxis gardaqmnisa, rac ase niSandoblivad ganasxvavebs vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmedebas ara Tu qarTuli xalxuri Semoqmedebisagan, aramed mecxramete saukunis qarTveli mwerlebis Semoqmedebisaganac, gansakuTrebiT poemis JanrSi? mxatvruli saxis gardaqmnis es gasaocari dinamikuroba gansakuTrebiT damaxasiaTebelia vaJa-fSavelas ori poemis – àluda qeTelauri~ da `stumar-maspinZlisTvis~. Cven vfiqrobT, rom am, vaJa-fSavelasaTvis damaxasiaTebeli mxatvruli xerxis, maneris gamovlineba yvelaze ufro mosaxerxebelia gansaxilvel nawarmoebTa mxatvruli qsovilis Tanmimdevruli gaxsniT. amitomac Cven kvaldakval mivyvebiT zemoT aRniSnuli poemebis mdinarebas.

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daviwyoT àluda qeTelauriT~. vaJas am SesaniSnavi poemis dasawyisi erTob sada da ubraloa. poemis kiTxvas rom SevudgebiT, ase warmogidgebaT, TiTqos sadme xatobaSi xarT da fanduris simebis JRaruni inTqeba lud-aryiT SebruJebul xevsurTa RriancelSi: macne moida Satilsa: _ qistebma mogvces ziani, dagviwiokes mwyemsebi, avnia, avi-znianni.

dasawyisi aq iseve Cveulebrivia, rogorc `gvelis mWamelis~ pirveli taepi: sastumros iyvnen xevsurni, ludi eduRa wiqasa; isxdnen banzed da Rreobdnen, TasebiT hsvamden imasa.

raodeni sisadave da ubraloebaa am strofSi da, saerTod, ra niaRvariT motanili xergiviTaa miyrili erTmaneTze striqonebi am poemis dasawyisSi! TiTqos aqac, iseve rogorc àluda qeTelaurSi~, koW-yuridan amovardnili karebiT SehyavxarT vaJas poemis didebul darbazSi. magram did poets SeuZlia ase udardeli iyos dasawyisisadmi, rodesac didi da mTavari, arsebiTi mas win udevs. darwmunebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom vaJas didxans ar umtvrevia Tavi am dasawyisze, didxans ar uZebnia igi. SeiZleba pirveli, SemTxveviT xelSi moyolili dasawyisi aiRo, an marTlac piridan gamostaca xatobaze vinme gadamTvral mefandures. dabejiTebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom, Tuki eZebna, moewadinebina, bevrs ufro Zliersa da eqspresiuls, xatovansa da harmoniuls Sehqmnida TviTon an ipovida TviT qarTulsa da, kerZod, mTis xalxTa folklorSic. aq, pirvel taepSi, mocemuli SemTxvevac mTel xalxTa yofisaTvis yoveldRiuri, Sablonuria da vaJa ar cdilobs am yoveldRiuri ambis gadmocemaSi Sablonis farglebidan gamovides. vaJa im poetTa ricxvs ekuTvnis, romelTac ar uyvarT mxatvruli resursebis, poeturi tyvia-wamlis tyuilubralod xarjva.

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udidesi ekonomia, damzogveloba axasiaTebs mis stils. Seunelebelis dinamikurobiT miiswrafvian misi poemis siuJetebi mTavarisa da ZiriTadisaken. gansakuTrebiT damaxasiaTebelia am mxriv àluda qeTelauri~. magram mivyveT TviT poemis mdinarebas. am, TiTqos SemTxveviT xelwamokruli strofis ukanaskneli striqoni àvnia, avi-znianni~ ukve xsnis im garduval ufskruls, romelic aSorebs or mezoblad mcxovreb xalxs erTmaneTisagan. am striqonebSi, rogorc RvelfSi, Rvivis is urTierTmoZuleobis, mtrobis nakverCxali, romelsac saukuneTa manZilze aRvivebdnen kavkasiis mTis kalTebze mcxovreb xalxTa Soris gabatonebuli fenebi. macnesgan ase gulmdovrad da darwmunebiT warmoTqmul am sam sityvaSi _ àvnia, avi-znianni~ TiTqos gaqvavebulis saxiT aris mocemuli is msjeloba-Sefaseba, romelic saukuneTa manZilze TiSavda am xalxebs urTierTisagan. qistebma `ziani misces~ Satilionebs, aawiokes xevsuri mwyemsebi da mere ra, ra gasakviria? gana SeiZleba kaci maTgan raime keTils moelodes? `gana nazareTidan~ SeiZleba raime keTili movides?!~ vinc `RvTis Svili~, monaTluli, `gudanis jvris yma~ ar aris, vinc sxva mTis da wylis, sxva tomisa da rjulis adamiania, igi kacTa ricxvSi ar urevia, igi dasananebeli ar aris da, ragind saSineleba daatexos mas Tavze kacma, misi qmedoba winaswarve gamarTlebulia. SesaZlebelia fsiqologiuri atmosfero am mezobel xalxTa urTierTobisa aq poeturad damuqebulia, magram am urTierTobis arsebiTi elementebi usaTuod aris mocemuli gvarovnul-patriarqaluri sazogadoebis adamianis msoflmxedvelobasa da msoflSegrZnebaSi. ai ras swers amis Sesaxeb f. engelsi Tavis cnobil naSromSi _ òjaxis, kerZo sakuTrebis da saxelmwifos warmoSoba~: `tomi adamianis zRudes hqmnida rogorc ucxo tomis adamianisa, iseve misive sakuTari Tavis winaaRmdeg. tomi, gvari da maTi dawesebulebani wminda da xeluxlebelni iyvnen, bunebis mier mocemul Zalas warmoadgendnen, romelsac pirovneba aucileblad emorCileboda mgrZnobierobasa, azrovnebasa da moqmedebaSi~. da iqve, cota ufro zemoT vkiTxulobT: `rac tomis gareSe rCeboda, igi uuflebo iyo. sadac garkveuli xelSekruleba ar iyo dadebuli, tomebs Soris omi CaRdeboda, xolo omi im sisastikiT warmoebda, rac

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adamians sxva cxovelebisagan ansxvavebs da rasac Semdeg interesTa Segneba arbilebs~. da am, poemis moqmedebis fsiqologiuri fonis momxazvel, sadac, TiTqmis ubir striqonebs mosdevs mTavari gmiris eqspozicia, esec erTob Zunwi da cota ramis mTqmelia. Cveni azriT, mwerlobaSi arsebobs ori xerxi mxatvruli nawarmoebis gmiris eqspoziciisa, mwerlis mier gmiris, ase vTqvaT, reprezentaciisa: erTi, rodesac mwerali imTaviTve, nawarmoebis gmiris gamoCenisTanave mkafiod, ZiriTadad amomwurav StrixebSi iZleva gmiris saxes, roca igi pirvelsave scenaSi plastikuri xatvis an biografiuli wiaRsvlebis saSualebiT, srulad warmosdgeba mkiTxvelis winaSe. ai magaliTi: iyo arabeTs rostevan, mefe RmrTisagan sviani, maRali, uxvi mdabali, laSqar-mravali, ymiani, mosamarTle da mowyale, morWmuli, gangebiani, TviT meomari uebro, kvlav moubari wyliani.

sxva SemTxvevaSi mwerali ar iCqaris, imTaviTve gadagviSlis gmiris saxes. igi TandaTan, nawarmoebis siuJetis ganviTarebasTan erTad, ixsneba Cvens Tvalwin. mxatvruli saxis eqspoziciis meore xerxad Cven gveCveneba: `naxes ucxo moyme vinme~. es dayofa SeiZleba nebismieri iyos da am or xerxs Soris arsebobdes gardamavali safexurebi, magram igi Cven erTgvar tramplinad gamogvadgeba im sakiTxTan misasvlelad, romelic am naSromSi gavainteresebs. rogorc jer poemis SesavalSive vaJa erT taepSi hkveTs da hburRavs saukuneebiT danaSreveb yofacxovrebiT masivs, Tvalwin gviyenebs im samyaros, romelSiac iSleba moqmedeba, iseve momdevno ramodenime striqonSi mwerali iZleva mTavari gmiris portrets. yalmis ramdenime, aseve uzrunveli da udardeli, SeiZleba iTqvas, upretenzio mosma, ramdenime Zunwi Strixi da mkiTxvelis Tvalwin amoizrdeba vaJkaci xevsuris, aluda qeTelauris, saxe. ras gvamcnobs mwerali aludas Sesaxeb? igi arc `mdabalia~, arc laSqarmravali, arc morWmuli da gangebiani. mwe-

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rali ar gamohyofs mas poemis Sesaval strofSi moxazul sinamdvilidan. aluda qeTelauri erT-erTi rigiTi xevsuria. igi `davlaTiani~ kacia. safixvnos TavSi dajdebis, sityva maudis gziani.

mwerali araviTar biografiul wiaRsvlebs ar mimarTavs da es migdebiT naTqvami oriode fraza–daxasiaTeba jerjerobiT arafers akisrebs avtors. aluda qeTelauri sisxli sisxlTagani, xorci xorcTagania im gvarovnul-patriarqaluri samyarosi, romlisTvisac yvela sxva mTis da wylis, sxva modgmis da rjulis kacia àvia, avi-znianni~ da aludas mTavari Tviseba da Rirseba, misi mTavari daxasiaTebac imaSi mdgomareobs, rom igi av da avznianad miCneul ùrjulo~ qist-lekebis dauZinebeli mteria. Tu aludas raime kvali daumCnevia cxovrebaSi, es imiT, rom man bevrs qists maaWra marjvena, _ scada franguli fxiani.

es `cda~-saqmeni sagmironi, qist-lekebisTvis daWril marjvenaTa ricxvi hqmnis aludas namdvil portrets, Saravandeds hfens aludas saxes TvistomTa TvalSi. da mere ratom Zunwobs mwerali ase poemis mTavari gmiris portretis moxazvisas? ra Tqma unda, ara imitom, rom ferebi aklia gmiris individualuri StrixebiT moxazvisaTvis. saqme imaSia, rom poemis dasawyisSi vaJa ganzrax gvixatavs gmirs misi azrovnebis, Segnebisa da ganviTarebis im safexurze, rodesac igi TiTqmis mTlianad gaTqvefilia im sinamdvileSi, romelSiac iSleba misi cxovrebis drama. mwerali am poemaSi, ise rogorc `stumar-maspinZelSi~, Tavis varauds amyarebs umTavresad mxatvruli saxis dinamikaze, im vefxisebur naxtomze, romelsac akeTebs gmiris Segneba barbarosobis ufskrulidan humanizmis TvalismomWrel simaRleebamde. am kontrastze, bnelisa da naTelis TamaSze amyarebs mwerali Tavis varauds da amitomac adgas `jiRad~ Tavze am sa-

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xeldaxelod gablandul Sesavals viTomda avtoriseuli sentencia: `cudas raT unda mteroba, kargia mudam mtriani~. avtori poemis dasawyisSi TiTqos Serigebulia am mezobel xalxTa Soris gamefebul SuRlsa da mtrobaze aRmocenebul sulier atmosferosTan, magram sinamdvileSi es mxolod poeturi xerxia, imisaTvis momarjvebuli, rom mkiTxvels gauadvilos im sulier atmosferoSi Sesvla. qistebs wausxam cxenebi, aludaisic frTiani.

oli nadavliT frTaSesxmuli mekobrebi Sinisken mieSurebian: guman aqv, gadaavlion arxotis Tavi mTiani, gadabertyinon naliTa quCi mTebisa cvriani.

da maTi bedaurebis nalebiT CamoSlili kldis narRveviviT moedineba zogjer erTmaneTTan daukavSirebeli SigadaSig udardelad miyrili, metnawilad xalxuri poeziis qargaze aWrili striqonebi: es rom aludam gaigo, Tofs daupira talio; aisxa iaraRebi, gaafxavidis xmalio; gauSinjidis vadani, xmals ar mautydes tario.

mwerali jerjerobiT xalxuri sityvierebis inerciazea dandobili. iqmneba strofuli xergilebi da Cixebi (ase gasinjeT, zogierTi striqonis umtkivneulod gadasm-gadmosmac ki SeiZleba), mxolod aqa-iq ielvebs vaJas Tvali da maSin didi ostati yalmis erTi mosmiT Tvalwin gviyenebs mTis Tvalwarmtac peizaJs: ciskris xania, mters misdevs kldis Savardeni Cqario. gaTenebisas WiuxSi SurTxma dareka zario, ZaRlebs ki sZinavs Teoze, jer ar gaSlila cxvario.

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magram Tvalwarmtaci peizaJis daxatvis cdunebac ver anelebs poemis mdinarebas. kldis frTamali SavardeniviT miiswrafvis win aluda. TiTqos `gammarjved~ amosdgomia mwerali gverdSi risxviT atanil Tavis gmirs, mweralic TiTqos mdevris paToss autania. poemis morgvis gamoxveva, siuJetis gaSla jer TiTqos arc ki dawyebula da Cven ukve vuaxlovdebiT mis sakulminacio punqts, sadac SemmarTveli vaJkacisagan namdvili gmiri da adamiani ibadeba. gasaocari, SeiZleba gadauWarbeblad iTqvas, msoflio literaturisaTvis umagaliTo dinamikurobiT miiswrafvis aq vaJa-fSavela sazenito punqtisaken da amitomac zogjer ase udardelad epyroba igi am sazenito momentTan mimyvani pasaJebis daxvewa-gaSalaSinebis saqmes. amitom ar aqcevs poeti didi yuradRebas leqsis daxvewas, riTmis SerCevas, igi daudgromlad miaqanebs mkiTxvels tragikuli konfliqtisaken, sadac TiTqos miqelanjelos saWreTels qveS gamoqandakdeba maRal humanistur idealebs ziarebuli saxe poemis gmirisa. mkiTxvels arc uxdeba didxans lodini. am sakulminacio moments aRwevs maSinve, rogorc ki aluda daeweva moTareSe qistebs. aq Tvalwin iSleba urTierTTan gadamterebul mezobel xalxTa yofacxovrebisaTvis agrerig damaxasiaTebeli sisxliani drama: male Saagdo aludam qistebis nacvals Tvalio. marjvedve gadaewia, Tofma gaiRo Cqamio: erTs qurd-kantalas RilRvelsa cudi daudga wamio.

aq kvlav ielvebs vaJas plastikuri xedva da Cvens Tvalwin dgeba skulpturulad gamoZerwili, sagrZnoblad xelsaxebi saxe aludas tyviiT gangmiruli qistisa: `gadavardeba cxenzeiT, yelTavqve ekidebisa, natyviari sWirs beWis Tavs, zed cecxli ekidebisa~. imdenad eqspresiulia es oTxi striqoni, imdenad mZafradaa maTSi gancdili sikvdilis mrisxane Zala, rom Tqven iluzia geqmnebaT, TiTqos aq vaJa odesRac momxdar ambavs ki ar aRwers, aramed yvelaferi es Tqvens Tvalwin xdeba im momentSi, roca am taeps kiTxulobT. ise TvalSeusworeblad

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scvlis aq erTmaneTs moqmedebis momentebi, rom ver gagigiaT, aludas tyviiT gangmiruli qistis `cxenzeiT gadavardna~ da `yel-Tavqve dakideba~ erTimeoris momdevno, Tu sinqronuli movlenebia. kinematografiis eniT rom vTqvaT, aq erTnairi reliefurobiT da skulpturuli xelsaxeobiT aris mocemuli didi da mcire plani, erTnairis akviatebuli gamokveTilobiT iWreba aq mxedvelobis areSi es `cxenzeiT gadavardnili~ da `yelTavqve dakidebuli~ qistis tani da erTi cicqna natyviari, amitomac abolili Coxis naZonZi agizgizebul xanZrad warmogvidgeba. mTlianad ki, rogorc zemoT vTqviT, esodenis SemzaraobiTaa mocemuli raRac oTxiode striqonSi am usaxelo sikvdilis gancda, rom Tqven ggoniaT, TiTqos ukve miaRwieT sisxliani dramis sakulminacio punqts. magram es mxolod moCvenebaa: rogorc did mxatvars, vaJas ar SeeZlo gverdi aevlo iseTi movlenisaTvis, rogoricaa poemis Tundac usaxelo da ucnobi personaJis daRupva. rogorc didi xelovani, vaJa ver gaaiolebda sikvdilis Tundac epizoduri scenis mocemis amocanas: Znelia, Tuki vifiqrebT, sikvdil-sicocxlis wuTebi,

_ ambobs vaJa `gvelis mWamelis~ miwurulSi. magram tyviiT gangmiruli, `cxenzeiT gadavardnili~, `yel-Tavqvedakidebuli~ qistis sanaxaoba ara Tu ar arRvevs aludas sulier wonasworobas, igi erT ZarRvsac ar aatokebs mis saxeze. igi savsebiT guldamSvidebiT gaistumrebs `suleTSi~ mucalis Zmas da, Tu vigulisxmebT, rom raime fiqri gaielvebs risxviT aborgebul mis gulSi, es albaT iqneba am saukuneebiT nazardi, SuRliT da mtrobiT gaTiSul xalxTa urTierTobisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli stereotipuli fraza: `ZaRls ZaRluri sikvdili~. gana imitom xvdeba aluda ase gulgrilad qistis sikvdils, rom moTareSem mas `cxenebi wausxa~? yvela sxva pirobebSiac mas didad ar aaRelvebda es ambavi. urjulo, sxva `mTis da wylis~ kacis mokvla mis saxels mxolod Saravandeds Sehmatebda.

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mweralic TiTqos yurs iyruebs sisxliani dramis am dasawyisi momentisadmi. moTareSe qistis avbediTobis mZafr gancdas TiTqos gvaridebs mis mimarT naxmar, am gaTiSul, gadamterebul xalxTa Svilebis urTierTSefasebaze dandobili saTreveli epiteti: erTs qurd-kantalas RilRvelsa cudi daudga wamio.

mucalis Zmis sikvdilma araviTari kvali ar dastova aludas SegnebaSi. ase gansajeT, mkiTxvelisTvisac SeumCnevlad Caiara am epizodma, TiTqos avtors surs, mkiTxvels gamoaparos es momenti, rom naadrevad ar gaamZafros da ar gadatvirTos misi yuradReba. àmxanig-moklul RilRveli~, romelic ver SeakrTo TanamolaSqris daRupvam, `Caxmaxsa ezidebisa~. aq poemis mdinarebaSi TiTqos wuTieri pauza dgeba: Caxmaxis mozidvas, romelic mSvildis mozidvis asociacias iwvevs, poemis mdinareba mtkepnav, gaWimul tempze gadahyavs, raRac TvalbediTi myudroeba myardeba, TiTqos mZime Rrublebi Camowvao. magram mkiTxveli Seucdomlad grZnobs, rom sabediswero qariSxlis winamorbedi myudroebaa, rom iwyeba poemis yvelaze ufro daWimuli, daZabuli momenti, mzaddeba poemis sakvanZo, katastrofuli Sejaxeba. iwyeba aludasa da mucalis orTa brZola. msoflio literaturis istoria icnobs bataluri Janris asobiT SesaniSnav ostats. magram am, sul raRac ormocdaTormeti striqonis manZilze gaSlil epizodSi vaJam gviCvena, rom brZolis, Sejaxebis, simZafris, simwvavis da TviT grandiozulobis gadmosacemad sruliad ar aris saWiro, rom mweralma mTa mTas Sealewos, uricxvi laSqari erTmaneTs Seajaxos; rom bataluri scenis simZafre ara mis monawileTa ricxvze, maT saWurvelze an masSi gamoyenebul brZolis ileTebzea damokidebuli, aramed im yovlismomsvrel risxvasa da gaborotebaze, im kveTebis Zalaze, romliTac Seebmebian, erkinebian erTmaneTs mopirdapireni. vaJas am poemaSi, rogorc morkinalTa aRWurviloba, ise brZolis taqtika da strategia erTob ubiria. kaJiani TofebiT SeiaraRebulni, kldis kalTas mofarebulni (arc Tu dispoziciaa egrerig

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gmiruli, vaJkacuri) moTareSe qisti da mdevari xevsuri erTmaneTs axlian tyviebs da Tanac TavianT `maJarebis~ grialze dialogi SeuwyviaT. magram miuxedavad masSi gamoyenebul, Tanamedrove eniT rom vTqvaT, sabrZolo teqnikis primitiulobisa, es dueli da misi Tanmdevni sasikvdilispiro paeqroba Tavisi simZafriT, daZabulobiT, masSi Caqsovili adamianuri da, ase gasinjeT, qveadamianuri gancdebiT, mis mier Seqmnil Tavzardamcemi STabeWdilebiT tols ar daudebs iseT batalur scenebs, rogoricaa fexmardi aqilevsis mier heqtoris devna troas cixe-galavnis garSemo. gamastyvra mucalis Tofi, _ kldis piri daiSleboda, naZoZi tyviis aludas kalTaSi CaeSleboda.

aluda da mucali sasikvdilo tyviebs sZRvnian erTmaneTs da TiToeuli maTgani Tavis nasrols TiTqos sakuTar suls Tan atans: _ ara gWirsaa, rjulZaRlo?! _ mucali eubneboda.

aluda mucalisTvis iseve ùcxo mTlis da wylis~ adamiania, iseve uRvTo da ZaRlTapiria, iseve advilad gasawiria sasikvdilod, rogorc mucali aludasTvis. orive mopirdapiris Segneba SeboWvilia gvarovnul-patriarqaluri sazogadoebis adamianisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli rwmena-warmodgenebiT. aludasac Zvalsa da rbilSi aqvs gamjdari rwmena, rom is `rCeuli~ xalxis Svilia, rom is gudanis jvris ymaa, rom gudanis xati mas daifaravs urjulos tyviisagan, xels moumarTavs Tavis ymas rjulZaRli qistis ZlevaSi (aq mkiTxvels uneburad warmoudgeba analogia antikuri eposis gmirebTan: TiToeuls brZolaSi olimpis esa Tu is mobinadre _ aTina, apoloni, an zevesi rom mfarvelobs da eqomageba). gudanis jvarma TiTqos marTlac aacdina Tavis ymas qistis pirveli nasroli da sikvdilis brWyalebidan damsxltar aludas mkerdidan aRmoxdeba mucalis gamacbunebeli da gamawbilebeli sazeimo yiJina: `nu ggonav, mWirdes, rjulZaR-

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lo, ymasa gudanis jvrisasa~, da sapasuxo: `xma aludais Tofisa Weqasa hgvanda cisasa~. am hiperbolaSi vaJa usaTuod xalxuri poeziis saxeebzea dandobili (èrTi rom gadmomiWira, risxvasa hgvanda cisasa~, _ xalxuri leqsi: `Semomeyara yivCaRi~), magram es hiperbola damarwmuneblad JRers, vinaidan, rogorc zemoT vTqviT, msroleli nasrols mTels Tavis suls Tan atans. aq moSuRarTa gaxeleba umaRles wertils aRwevs. isini ukve hkargaven adamianobis yovelgvar niSanwyals. mkiTxvels eCveneba, rom mis winaSe ori adamiani ki ara, ori, sisxlis suniT aRgznebuli avazaa, romelTa gulSi waSlilia yovelgvari grZnoba dandobisa da Sebralebisa, romelTac mxolod erTi mizani asuldgmulebs yelSi swvdes, mze daubnelos Tavis mopirdapires. moSuRarTa gamxeceba am sityvis namdvili mniSvnelobiT maTi `dialogis~ garegan xmovanebaSi, ase vTqvaT, fonetikaSic poulobs Tavis gamoxatulebas. àr mogxvdaua, rjulZaRlo, _ isev eZaxis imasa~. es àr mogxvdaua~, gansakuTrebiT es dagrexili daboloeba zmnisa aua sisxliT laSebSeRebili mxecis Rmuils, brdRvinvas ufro hgavs, vidre adamianis bageTagan mowyvetil danawevrebul sityvas. aq kacs uneburad agondeba lermontovis mwiris Sebma avazasTan, roca brZolis JiniT gamxecebul mwirs gul-mkerdidan namdvili mxecuri Rmuili aRmoxdeba: Я пламенел, вызжал как он; Как будто сам я был рожден В семействе барсов и волков, Под свежим пологом лесов. Казалось, что слова людей

Забыл я – и в груди моей Родился тот ужасный крик, Как будто с детства мой язык К иному звуку не привык...

grafikulad rom warmovidginoT poemis siuJetis ganviTareba, Cven davinaxavT, rom jerjerobiT vaJa TvalSeuswrobis dinamiurobiT miaqanebs Tavis gmirebs Tavqve, ukiduresi gamxecebis ufskrulisaken. mezobel xalxTa gaTiSulobis, gadamterebis atmosfero, rac poemis SesavalSi TxrobiT-statistikur planSi iyo mocemuli (`cudas rad unda mteroba, kargia mudam mtriani~ mezobel momtre tomis daxa-

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siaTeba: àvnia, avi-znianni~), aq ufro mZafrdeba mxatvruli saxeebis dinamikaSi. lodebs mofarebul mosisxarTa nasroli tyviebi ufro da ufro uaxlovdebian mizans, magram avtori TiTqos ganzrax axangrZlivebs dramas, rom ufro srulad gamoavlinos moSuRarTa qveadamianuri, mxecuri instinqtebi. mopirdapireTa nasroli xan gulis, xan Sublis siaxloves `namtvrevs maSlian kldisasa~ da maSin erTmaneTSi ireva gawbilebulTa kbilTa RrWena da gadarCenilis sazeimo yiJina: _ oho, qud gauxvretia, wverebsa stusavs Tmisasa _ maRla dagicda, beCavo, kenCxas ara sWirs Zvlisasa.

ufro da ufro varvardeba atmosfero, raRac mxecuris aRgznebiT dajvedrebs mucali Tavis nasrols. isev gadurCeba aluda sasikvdilo `nasrevs~ da igi niSnis mogebiT gasZaxis naadrevi sixaruliT atanil mowinaaRmdeges: _ ara sWirs, ara, rjulZaRlo, ymasa gudanis jvrisasa, gammarjved jvari dahyvebis, Zals Saavedrebs RvTisasa,

guls ar hxvda, nu gegonebis, amtvrevda wamlis qisasa, raki srevaze midgeba, javrs arc me SavWam mtrisasa.

dabolos glovis zariviT Camohkravs aludas ukanaskneli gasrola. tyviam mosZebna Tavisi `sasagno~, rogorc ityvis xolme `visramianis~ qarTuli variantis avtori. `Satilionis nasroli qists umtvrevs gulis ficarsa~… es striqonebi ise gamoismis, rogorc pirveli kolboxis dacema kubos ficarze. mkiTxvels TiTqos gulis ZarRvi Caswydeba. aq mwerali gagrZnobinebs, rom araCveulebriv adamians Seexo sikvdilis msaxvreli xeli. magram aludas Segnebas jer kidev hburRavs sqeli nisli gvarovnul-patriarqaluri wyobilebis adamianis rwmena-warmodgenebisa. igi jer kidev barbarosuli gancdebis, instinqtebis tyveobaSi imyofeba, àrc axla gWirsa, rjulZaRlo~ dasZaxis gulgangmirul mucals gamarjvebis sixaruliT gadamTvrali Satilioni.

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_ gulSi mWirs, gulSi, rjulZaRlo, vah cdasa mucalisasa! Zmac xo mamikal, mec mamkal, ra vuTxra madlsa RvTisasa?

gulCawyvetilad mosZaxis bedukuRmarTi mucali. da SeiZleba swored sikvdilis, `sulis amosvlis~ momentSi ufro mkveTrad, TvalsaCinod amJRavnebs qisti, rom igi sworupovari vaJkacia. man icis, rom ganwirulia, amaze metyvelebs misi SeZaxili: `gulSi mWirs, gulSi, rjulZaRlo, vah cdasa mucalisasa~. igi Tavs ar ityuilebs, iluziebs ar eZleva, magram sulTmobrZavic ar tydeba, vaJkacur iers ar hkargavs: `fers ara hkargavs mglisasa~. igi axla or mopirdapires erkineba: aludas da sikvdilis aCrdils. ukanasknel Zalebs ikrebs, cdilobs gaaxangrZlios `sulis amosvlis~ wami, sasowarkveTil Ronesa xmarobs: `mahglejs, daifevs wylulSia mwvanes balaxsa mTisasa~. [...] àluda qeTelauris~ gmiri mucali ki ara Tu kerpobs sikvdilis pirispir, erkineba àjals~, aramed ukanaskneli amosunTqvis, `suleTSi~ gamgzavrebis Jamsac mas guli `cdisken~ – sagmiro saqmeebisaken miuwevs. èrTic esrola aludas, xans ara hkargavs cdisasa~. magram sulTmobrZavs Tvalma da xelma umtyuna, `cda~ ar gaumarjvda. sikvdilis aCrdilic dRes uswrafebs da mucali eSureba ukanaskneli wami imisTvis gamoiyenos, rom iaraRi Tavis Senawon gmirs, misive mkvlels, aludas gadaulocos. [...] Tumc misi warmodgeniT aluda isev uRvTo, `rjulZaRlTa~ modgmas ekuTvnis, magram mucalma mainc mas gadauloca Tavisi iaraRi da, amdenad, Tavisi amqveyniuri vaJkacobac. amiT man saSualeba waarTva aludas gamarjvebis sixaruliT damtkbariyo. aq `suleTis~ gzaze damdgar mucalsa da aludas Soris TiTqos ibmeba raRac damakavSirebeli Zafebi, erTmaneTTan gadamterebul mezebel xalxTa Soris gaTxril ufskrulze ideba erTgvari xidi. da am sulieri amaRlebis, aRorZinebis Semdeg, mucali moswyda: `sityva gauSra pirzeda, dabla gaerTxa miwasa...~ ase vaJkacurad kvdeba mucali da Tu `sulis amosvlis~ Jams misi Segneba odnav mainc iwmindeba gvarovnul-patriar-

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qaluri sazogadoebis adamianis saukuneebiT danaSreveb SexedulebaTa tvirTisagan, mucalis vaJkacuri sikvdili, misi qceva sicocxlis ukanasknel wuTebSi SemaZrwunebel, Tavzardamcem STabeWdilebas axdens aludaze, udides Zvrebs iwvevs mis SegnebaSi. is didi zneobrivi Zrwola, romelsac gadaitans aluda mucalis vaJkacuri sikvdilis gancdis Sedegad, da, romelic gamwmend, gamakeTilSobilebel da amaRorZinebel qartexilad iWreba gmiris sulSi, gvagonebs im sulier moZraobas, romelsac aristotele Tavis `poetikaSi~ kaTarziss uwodebs da romelic mdgomareobs sulis ganwmendaSi am ukanasknelis mier gadatanili Zlieri Zrwolis Sedegad (rasac aristotele tragediis mTavar amocanad saxavs). aristoteles `poetikaSi~ am saganze vkiTxulobT Semdegs: `tragedia aris asaxva seriozuli da sruli moqmedebisa, romelsac garkveuli sidide aqvs, _ asaxva Semkobili eniT, misi sxvadasxva saxeebiT cal calke nawilebSi, asaxva moqmedebiT da ara moTxrobiT, asaxva, romelsac Secodebisa da SiSis saSualebiT amgvar vnebaTa ganwmenda sisruleSi mohyavs...~ (aristotele, `poetika~, Tavi me-6, Targmani prof. s. daneliasi). aristoteles `poetikis~ am centraluri adgilis wvdoma did siZneles warmoadgens, vinaidan aristotele ar xsnis, Tu rogor esmis mas es `ganwmenda~. TviTon kaTarzisi berZnuli religiozuri mkurnalobis wiaRSi warmoSobili cnebaa da igi niSnavs rogorc sxeulis ganTavisuflebas raime mavne materiisagan, ise sulis ganwmendas raime sibilwisa da paTologiuri afeqtebisagan (ix. sabWoTa literaturuli enciklopedia, t. 5, gv. 155-156). aristotele ar ganmartavs Tu rogor esmis mas es `ganwmenda~. berZnuli àfeqtebis kaTarzisi~ ornairis mniSvnelobis Semcvelia da SeiZleba aRniSnavdes erTis mxriv TviT afeqtebis ganwmendas raime sibilwisagan da meores mxriv, sulis ganwmendas, ganTavisuflebas mis damaZabunebel da damakninebel vnebebisagan. es sakiTxi aristoteledan damokidebuli dRemde dausrulebeli davis sagani gaxda literaturaTmcodneobis TeoriaSi. aristoteles mkvlevarTaTvis Zneli gaxda SeTanxmeba TviT im sakiTxis garSemo, Tu vis sulSi unda iwvevdes aristoteles azriT

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tragedia vnebaTa ganwmendas Tu vnebaTagan ganwmendas _ tragediis moqmed pirTa sulSi, Tu misi Sesrulebis mayureblis an misi mkiTxvelis sulSi. goeTe, magaliTad, im azrs anviTarebda Tavis werilSi _ `Nachleze zu Aristoteles Poetik~, rom tragikuli moqmedeba Zrwolasa da vnebaTa ganwmendas iwvevs TviT tragikuli personaJebis da ara mayurebelTa sulSi. magram aristoteles mkvlevarTa umravlesoba sadavod xdis goeTes am Sexedulebas. maTi azriT, vnebaTa ganwmenda swored tragediis mayurebelTa sulSi xdeba. winamdebare naSromSi Cven ara gvaqvs ganzraxva am sakiTxis garSemo saukuneebis manZilze gaSlili davis istorias gamovudgeT. am davis istoriis ganxilvas Cven gverds vuvliT ara im ganzraxviT, rom samuSao SevimsubuqoT, aramed imitom, rom aristoteles `kaTarzisis~ cneba Cven gvinda gamoviyenoT ara misi teqstualuri sityva-sityviTi mniSvnelobiT, aramed rogorc erTgvari tramplini, romelic gagviadvilebs Cveni kvlevis ZiriTad sakiTxTan misvlas. ise ki winamdebare naSromis avtoris azriT, rogorc tragedia, ise epikuri nawarmoebi (romelTac aristotele erTmaneTisagan ganasxvavebs ara imdenad maT mier mkiTxvelmayureblis sulSi gamowveuli zemoqmedebis, ramdenadac mwerlobis am ori Janris gankargulebaSi myof gamosaxviTi saSualebaTa TvalsazrisiT) mkiTxvelis sulSi iwvevs ara marto iseT afeqtebs, rogoricaa Secodeba da SiSi, aramed adamianis gancdaTa mTel gamas, aRtacebas da gmobas, siyvaruls da mZulvarebas, risxva-wyromas, gulis aCvilebas da sxva mravalT. Tavis fragmentaluri saxiT Semonaxul naSromSi aristotele laparakobs mxolod am or, tragikul moqmedebiT gamowveul afeqtebze, magram SeuZlebelia, rom misi winamorbedi da Tanamedrove literaturis iseTi Rrma mcodne da damfasebeli, rogoric iyo aristotele, ase viwrod, Raribulad Semofarglavdes tragediis da saerTod mxatvruli nawarmoebis mkiTxvel-mayurebelze zemoqmedebis rkals. Cvenis azriT, aseve ukmaria aristoteles poetikis zemoT moyvanili adgilis iseTi gageba, romlis mixedviTac tragedia an epikuri nawarmoebi SiSis an Secodebis afeqtis gamowveviT miznad isaxavdes an am vnebaTa ganwmendas raime sibil-

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wisagan, an adamianis sulis ganwmendas, ganTavisuflebas am viTomda avadmyofuri, paTologiuri afeqtebisagan. jer erTi sibilweSeyolili afeqti aRar aris erTi raime garkveuli vneba, aramed vnebaTa SenaerTi, kompleqsi, da Tu gmiris mamoZravebel afeqts raime sibilwe mosdebia, es afeqtis matarebeli gmiris sulieri dakninebisagan, uwmindurebisagan momdinareobs da maSin ganwmendis obieqti unda gaxdes ara calkeuli afeqti, aramed moqmedi piris suli, misi Segneba mTlianad. aq Cven vuaxlovdebiT Cvens ZiriTad debulebas, saxeldobr imas, rom adamianis sulieri ganwmenda, gakeTilSobileba, aRorZineba xdeba ara misi sulidan afeqtebis gandevniT, rac adamianis sulis gamocaliereba, gamofitva, dasaWuriseba iqneboda, aramed iseTi Zvrebis moxdeniT, rac masSi gaaZlierebda maRali, keTilSobili gancdebis amTviseblobis unars. maSasadame tragikuli moqmedebis zegavleniT unda ganiwmindos ara tragediis gmiris an (Tu aristoteles poetikis am adgilis sxvagvar ganmartebas miviRebT) tragikuli moqmedebis mkiTxvel-mayureblis calkeuli afeqtebi, aramed am afeqtebis safeneli, e.i. pirovnebis mTeli sulieri samyaro, misi arsi, misi buneba. kaTarzisis am gagebiT Cven ar gvinda aristoteles poetikis am erT-erTi ZiriTadi debulebis Cvens Wkuaze Sekvec-Semokveca, misi, ase vTqvaT, prokrustes sarecelze gaWimva. maS ris safuZvelze viZleviT Cven aristoteles poetikaSi mocemuli kaTarzisis cnebis teqstualuri, sityva-sityviTi formulirebisagan daSorebul gansazRvrebas? jer erTi, rogorc sCans, warmodgena kaTarzisze religiur-samedicino sferodan xelovnebis dargSi gadatanili unda yofiliyo jer kidev aristotelemde; safiqrebelia, rom piTagorelebis mier (ix. zemoT aRniSnuli werili literaturuli enciklopediidan), da amdenad Cven ara varT SezRuduli am cnebis aristoteleseuli gansazRvrebiT. Cven mas viyenebT rogorc erTgvar Soreul analogons; da meore: msoflio literaturis didi praqtikis TvalsazrisiT, misi movlenebis asaxsnelad da Sesaswavlad Cven ufro cxovelmyofelad da nayofierad gveCveneba kaTarzisis is gageba, romlis mixedviTac igi warmoadgens raime did zneobriv Zrwolas (Потрясение, Erschütterung), romelsac nawarmoebis gmiri gadaitans Zlieri gancdis (da

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ara usaTuod Secodebis da SiSis afeqtis aRmocenebis) Sedegad da romelic gamwmend, gamakeTilSobilebel, amaRorZinebel qartexilad iWreba gmiris sulSi da Zireulad gardaqmnis mis sulier samyaros, mis bunebas. aqedan cxadia, rom kaTarzisis Cveni gansazRvreba ufro ixreba am cnebis goeTeseuli gagebisaken, vidre mis mowinaaRmdegeTa Tvalsazrisisaken. magram es ara Tu ar gamoricxavs im SesaZleblobas, rom nawarmoebis gmiris sulSi kaTarzisis Sedegad momxdari gardatexa, misi sulieri ganwmenda, gakeTilSobileba, aRorZineba gadaedeba tragediis Tu epikuri nawarmoebis mkiTxvels Tu mayurebels, aramed pirdapir gulisxmobs mas, Tuki Cven saqme gvaqvs namdvil mxatvrul nawarmoebTan da ara mis surogatTan. amnairad gagebuli kaTarzisis cneba, adamianis sulis gansazRvrul vnebaTa (Secodebis da SiSis) ganwmendis, Tu adamianis sulis am vnebaTagan ganwmendis amocaniT SeuzRudveli da, amdenad, ufro sruli da moqnili, efeqturad SeiZleba iqnas gamoyenebuli ara marto tragediis, aramed yvela sxva Janris mxatvruli nawarmoebis gasaxsnelad. vaJa-fSavelas poemaSi xdeba swored gmiris (aludas) sulieri ganwmenda, sulieri aRorZineba mis mier gancdili didi zneobrivi Zrwolis Sedegad. marTlac ra ganuzomlad didia im sulieri moZraobis amplituda, romelsac aludas Segneba ukiduresi gamxecebis ufskrulidan humanizmis, xalxTa urTierTgagebis, SeTvisebisa da daZmobilebis mwvervalebze ahyavs. rogori TvalSeuswrobi dinamiurobiT xdeba aq gmiris bunebis gardaqmna, misi Sinagani samyaros Secvla, misi, ase vTqvaT, xelaxali dabadeba. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani da xelovnebis nawarmoebis SefasebisaTvis ZiriTadi, ganmsazRvreli aris is garemoeba, Tu rogori mxatvruli damarwmuneblobiT xdeba gmiris bunebis gardaqmna, misi Sinagani samyaros Secvla. im mxedarma, romelic ramdenime wuTis win mxeciviT Rmuoda _ àr mogxvdaua, rjulZaRlo~, romelic TiToeuls Tavis nasrols dahvedrebda, rom mas mucalis guli ganegmira, cremli gadmoRvara. myis gahqra mis sulSi sisxlismsmeli mxecis instinqtebi, mas arc gamarjveba axarebs da arc davla.

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TiTqos kldis cremli wamoscvivda, magram es ara nakleb damarwmuneblad gveCveneba Cven poemis mdinarebaSi, vidre sxva dros cvilis cecxlisagan dadnoba mogveCveneboda. aludas ar izidavs, mis Tvals ar sWris mucalis iaraRi, romlisTvisac is sxva SemTxvevaSi Tavs gaswiravda: aludas Tofi ar unda, atirda rogorc qalio; ar ahyris iaraRebsa, ar exarbeba Tvalio.

aluda TviTon Seudga micvalebulis cxedris gapatiosnebas. mudmivi brZolebiT, sisxlisRvriT gauxeSebul aludas gulSi avtorma mosZebna, an ufro swored, aRmoacena nazi, liriuli simebi, xevsuri aluda TviTon uwevs Wirisuflobas mis mier moklul ùrjulo~ qists. im garemoebas, rom mucali absolutur Seudreklobas iCens sikvdilis winaSe, `sulis amosvlis~ winac mTel sulier da fizikur Zalebs sWimavs da guli isev `cdisken~ _ sagmiro saqmisaken miuwevs, aluda ganicdis rogorc Tavisi mopirdapiris udides zneobriv Zalas da rogorc TvalSeudgam silamazesac, romlis mogoneba poemis Semdgom mdinarebaSi mudam udides Zrwolas iwvevs gmiris sulSi. `Ничем не может владеть человек, пока он боится смерти, А кто не боится ее, тому принадлежит все~, _ fiqrobs lev tolstois romanis òmi da mSvidobis~ gmiri pier bezuxovi, romelmac ase Rrmad ganicada ubralo rus jariskacTa udidesi vaJkacoba, Tavdadeba, maTi zneobrivi Zala borodinos brZolis dros. aludam igrZno, rom am Sejaxebis dros man mospo es didi zneobrivi Zala da sulieri silamaze, rac mucalma absolutur SeudreklobaSi gamoamJRavna. aq zneobriv, eTikur gancdaSi esTetikuri momentic iWreba. es mJRavndeba Semdgomac aludas mimarTvaSi xevisber berdiasadmi, roca aluda kurats swiravs mucalis suls. `_ eg samxvewroa, berdiav, ZoRan moklulis qistisa. mucals etyoden saxelad, mounaTlavis Svilisa.

kargadac damiwyalobne, gamimetebav misTvina, rogorc undomlad moklulis Tavis lamazis ZmisTvina~.

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amitom aluda cdilobs mucalis cxedars SeunarCunos Tundac garegnuli silamaze da riTac SeuZlia Seamkos igi: TaviT daudva xanjari, zed ekra spilos Zvalio, gulze Zegligi daadva, mklavzed franguli xmalio...

mis mier gamovlili sulieri Zrwolis da ganwmendis, kaTarzisis Semdeg aludas aRar ZaluZs daemorCilos gvarovnul-patriarqaluri sazogadoebis adaTis karnaxs, mas ar ZaluZs daasaxiCros, daamaxinjos mucalis cxedari, mosWras marjvena da saamayod miitanos igi Tavis `qavis karSi~. man ver gaimeta mucali marjvenis mosaWrelad, rogorc is Semdeg uambobs Tavis mezoblebs: `marjvenas ar sWris mucalsa, ityoda: codva ario; vaJkaco, Cemgan moklulo, RmerTma gacxonos mkvdario.

mklavzedac gebas marjvena, Senzed alali ario, Sen xel Sens gulzed damiwdes, numc xarobs qavis kario~.

aq Cven vxedavT, Tu ra meyvseulad arRvevs avtori sukuneebiT gadamterebul tomTa Soris aRmarTul moZuleobas, gaTiSulobis garduval kedels, ra udides revolucias axdens igi gmiris SegnebaSi. Tu amden xans urjulo, uRvTo qisti misTvis yovelgvar uflebriv moraluri Sefasebis, `codva-bralis~ gareSe idga, axla aludas guls udagavs mis mier mokluli mucalis sibraluli. pirvelad gaielvebs aludas gulSi azri, rom mucali ara Tu sworupovari vaJkacia, rom `cxonebul~ mucals `rkina sdebiyo gulada~, aramed mis SegnebaSi aRmocendeba ufro Sorsmwvdomi, mTeli misi aqamdeli Segnebis damrRvevi Sexeduleba, rom urjulo qisti `RvTis SvilTa~, gudanis jvris ymaTa Senawoni adamiania. da es Sexeduleba TandaTan farTovdeba, Rrmavdeba, vrceldeba mucalis mTel gvarze, modgmaze, amden xans Seurigebel mtrad miCneul tomze: `kargi gyolia gamdeli, RmerTm gidRegrZelos gvario!~ sigrZiv gahxura nabadi, zed gadaadva fario.

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iqmneba sastiki konfliqti aludas Zvel, gvarovnulpatriarqaluri wyobilebis niadagze aRmocenebul rwmenawarmodgenebsa da kacTa Soris urTierTgagebisa da SeTvisebis, humanizmis im axal gagebas Soris, romelic gvaris, tomis farglebs scildeba da ucxo, aqamde gadamterebul, absoluturad gaTiSuli tomis adamianebzec vrceldeba. konfliqti iqmneba mTel mis Zvel sulier samyarosa da axal Segnebas Soris, vinaidan mTel mis Sinagan samyaroSi TiTqmis araferia iseTi, rac gvarovnul-patriarqaluri sazogadoebis wiaRidan ar momdinareobdes. es Zveli Sinagani samyaro imsxvreva. sulTmobrZav mucalis mier nasroli tyvia ascda aludas, magram mis mier sikvdilis Jams gamomJRavnebuli udreki, àbsoluturi~ vaJkacobis gancdam daarRvia aludas mTeli sulieri arseba, TiTqos Sua gaupo mas gul-mkerdi da am Wrilobidan Seuwyvetel nakadad moedineba wlobiT dagubebuli, ucxo rjulisa da modgmis adamianis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli mtrobisa da siZulvilis balRami. da rogorc ostati dostaqari, mwerali ar iCqaris dahxuros es iara, acdis, rom misi suli mTlianad daicalos Zveli Sinaarsisagan, rom masSi ufro Tavisuflad daisadguros axalma Segnebam, romelic es es aris Rvivdeba da ifurCqneba. mwerali ar xuravs aludas sulSi daCneul wyluls, vinaidan vaJam, iseve rogorc sulis didma dialeqtikosma1 lev tolstoim icis, rom: `Душевная рана, происходящая от разрыва духовного существа, как ни странно это кажется, понемногу закрывается точно, также, как и рана физическая. И после того, как глубокая рана зажила и кажется сошедшей своими краями, рана душевная, как и физическая, заживает только изнутри выпирающей силой жизни~. mwerali TiTqos gangeb aarjlebs aludas sulSi daCneul Wrilobas da tragikuli refreniviT ismis gmiris gancdebis Tanmdevni TvalbediTi Savi yoranis yrantali. TiTqos bunebac SesZra mucalis ùRvTo~ sikvdilma: àSlilan sanadiroda, qoreb, frinvelTa mlevlebi; sovni arwivebs misdeven, muqTad WamisTvis mxleblebi. jixvni maebnen myinvarsa, madli rqaT adga RvTisao.

xevi-xev Samoyrantalebs yorani avi xmisao: `mamkvdara qisti mucali, Tvaln unda vsWamne ymisao, gul-RviZli amovarido, kalTa davxuro mxrisao~.

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aludas suli icleba Zveli Sinaarsisagan. igi TiTqmis sulieri prostraciis piras dgas. yvelaferi, riTac mas Tavi moswonda, rac Saravandedad adga aludas saxes TvistomTa TvalSi, gaqarwylda, gaufasurda mis SegnebaSi: yma moidoda gori-gor, ar ewoneba Tavia; pirs daswolia nislebi, guliT nadeni, Savia.

mas ar axalisebs arc vercxliT morTuli bazala da xorasnuli xmali, romelic Seucnoblad aarTva man mis mier mokluli mucalis Zmas, arc albaT mis mier aseve Seucnoblad moWrili mucalis Zmis mklavi. miuval cixe-simagred amoimarTa mis win kldis gumbaTgadaxuruli Satilis panorama, magram arc mSobliuri soflis danaxva uxsnis mas mweveli fiqrebiT dabindul guls. aluda ara marto Tavis Tavs swonis da àr ewoneba~, man irgvlivac mimoixeda kritikulis TvaliT. amayad dgas mis winaSe bevrWirgadanaxadi imedas cixe-qavi: bevrjel maaswro delgmama, hyefda yorani Savia. dahfamfalebda Tavzeda gaumaZRari svavia,

vervin mahriva iRbali, veravin uyva avia. urjulos xelebsav adnobs zed mzes sxivebi mwvavia.

amayobs imedas cixe-qavi zedmikruli ùrjulo~ qistlekTa moWrili xelebiT, romelTac mzis mwveli sxivebi adnobs. es suraTi acocxlebs aludas cnobierebaSi SatilionTa mier gadaxdil sisxlismRvrel Setakebebs TavdamsxmelebTan, moTareSeebTan da Tavis mxriv xevsurTa mier mowyobil sarevanSo rbeva-dalaSqvras samkvdro-sasicocxlod gadamterebul mezobel lek-qistTa tomebisa. aludam kritikulad mimoixeda irgvliv da mas àr ewoneba~ ar Tu Tavisi Tavi, aramed is garemoebac, romelSiac igi amden xans trialebda: es dausrulebeli sisxlisRvra karismezoblebTan warmoebul brZolebSi, es uazro dalaSqvra da darbeva erTmaneTisa mezobel xalxTa mier, es Seurigebeli mtrobisa da moZuleobis atmosfero, es dausrulebeli wyurvili sisxlis aRebis, es amayoba qavis karze mikruli mtris xelebiT, darbeuli, aoxrebuli mtris soflebiT, wa-

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mosxmuli cxenebis jogebiT da cxvris farebiT. aluda ukve swvdeba uazrobas da simxeces mezobel tomTa Soris gaCaRebuli SuRlisa da mtrobisa, romelic maT gadaSenebiT emuqreba. amitomac ase zaravs mdevrobisgan dabrunebul, ùndomlad moklulis Tavis lamazis Zmis~ sisxlSi xelgasvril aludas mSobliuris Satilis xilvisas fiqri am uazrod, mezobel tomTa urTierTrbevasa da aoxrebaSi danTxeul zRva sisxlze, romelsac TiTqos mTis mdinarec ki gauavebia: bevrjer wasula saWalod daxocilT sisxlis Rvaria; SauRebia wiTlada avi ardotis wyalia.

da es gancda arRvevs mTels mis arsebas. kaTarzisis, sulieri ganwmendis procesi, romelic iwyeba aludas sulSi im katastrofis Sedegad, romelic mas daatyda mucalis gmiruli sikvdilis gancdisas, erTi wuTiTac ar neldeba. misi daZabuloba kidev ufro Zlierdeba pirquSad gamomzirali Satilis cixe-koSkebis xilvisas. misi sulis amboxeba Zveli gvarovnul-patriarqaluri samyaros winaaRmdeg axal biZgs Rebulobs. uazrod, danaSaulebrivad danTxeuli sisxlis namdvili RaRadisia, bibliur winaswarmetyvelTa namdvili godebaa aludasi Tu avtoris (mkiTxveli Znelad gamoicnobs) refleqsia gvarovnul-patriarqaluri samyaros Tanamdevni, odiTgan momdinare mtrobisa da sisxlisRvraze: visac mteroba maswyurdes, gaaRos saxlis karia, sisxl daigubos keraSi, TviTanac Sigve mdgaria. Rvinodac imas dahlevdes, puradac mosaxmaria. pirjvari daiwerodes, miTam saydarSi aria. sisxlSia hqondes qorwili, iq daiweros jvaria,

daipatiJos stumrebi, daamwkriodes jaria. sisxlSi daigos logini, gverds daiwvinos calia. bevri iyolos Svilebi, bevri vaJi da qalia; iqve saflavi gaTxaros, iq daimarxos mkvdaria. Sen rom sxva mahkla, Senc mogkvlen, mkvlels ar SaarCens gvaria.

aludas sulSi momxdari kaTarzisis, misi sulieri Semobrunebis, gardaqmnis gamosaval momentad gaxda mucalis sa-

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arako gmiruli sikvdilis gancda; am mxatvrul xerxs mimarTavs vaJa, rogorc àluda qeTelaurSi~, ise `stumarmaspinZelSi~. [...] am dausrulebeli rbevisa da Jletis uazrobasa da simxeces advilad swvdeba aluda mis sulier samyaroSi momxdari didi sulieri Zvrebis Semdeg. is swvdeba, rom samagiero zRvevis, sisxlis aRebis kanoni gadaSenebiT emuqreba orive mxares: `Sen rom sxva mokla, Senc mogkvlen. mkvlels ar SaarCens gvaria~.

am adgilas aludas refleqsia da Sinagani monologi TiTqmis SeumCnevlad gadadis dialogSi1 Zma-ZmiswulebTan da qal-rZalTan, romlebic saxlis banebze gamoefinebian aludas `cdis~ Sedegebis gasagebad. tradiciuli molocviT xvdebian Satilionni aludas: `saxelianimc xaria~... beberi hkiTxavs uSiSa aludas ambavs cdisasa. uambobs qeTelauri ambavs RilRvelis mglisasa.

aq strofi tradiciuli xalxuri leqsis yalibSia moqceuli, sityva, leqsika xalxur leqss egueba, magram aludas pasuxi srulebiT ver eteva Zvel kalapotSi, Zvel yalibSi; is, rogorc axali Rvino, xeTqavs Zvel Txierakebs. beber uSiSas hgonia, rom igi kvlav im aludas elaparakeba, `cofiT gadalesili~ saxiT rom aedevna misi `frTianis~ momtacebel lekebs. uSiSa moelis, rom aluda daiwyebs zviad Txrobas Tavisi `cdis~ Sesaxeb. magram amdilandeli Sejaxeba mucalTan aludasTvis marTlac didi adamianuri cda gamodga. am diliT gancdili sulieri SeZrwunebis da misgan gamowveuli kaTarzisis Sedegad misi suli daicala Zveli Sinaarsisagan, misi gulidan amoirecxa Zveli Jangi. gvelis mWameli mindiasi

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saerTod vaJas TiTqmis yvela poemas aqvs midrekileba dramatiul formaSi gadasvlisa.

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ar iyos, am Sejaxebis Semdeg aludas àxali suli Caedga, axali xorci aesxa~. aludas mindias msgavsad ar Seucvnia cxovelTa, frinvelTa, mcenareTa _ ùsuloTa da uasakoTa~ ena, magram mis Sesaxebac SeiZleba iTqvas, rom `gulis xedva da Tvalebis, rogorc brmas da yrus gaexsna~: man Seigno, rom ucxo tomis, modgmis adamians, samkvdro-sasicocxlod gadamterebul qistsa da leks, urjulos, mounaTlavs _ xevsuriviT guli udevs mkerdSi, rom isic adamiania da SeiZleba xevsurisaTvis mosawoni da saTayvano adamiani gaxdes. amitom aluda Cveulebriv kiloze ar iwyebs Txrobas. igi ar cdilobs gaamarTlos mezoblebis tradiciuli misalmeba omidan dabrunebul vaJkacisadmi: `saxelianimc xaria~. aluda amJamad saxelsa da didebas aras daudevs. axali adamianobis dabadebis tkivilebi aryevs mTel mis arsebas. aludas TviTonac aocebs is udidesi Zvrebi, romlebic mis arsebaSi xdeba. igi TviTonac ver dauflebia im axal Sinaarss, romliTac ivseba misi sulieri samyaro. amitomac igi ase gacbunebuli, retdasxmuliviT mouTxrobs uSiSas mucalTan Sejaxebis ambavs, TiTqos beber uSiSas mucalTan Sejaxebis ambavs, TiTqos beber uSiSas uziarebs TavisTvisac arc Tu savsebiT Secnobil saidumloebas: ìm cxonebulsa mucalsa rkina sdebiyo gulada!~ Tumc arsebiTi gardatexa aludas SegnebaSi mucalis gmiruli sikvdilis gancdisasa meyvseulad, TvalSeuswrobi siswrafiT xdeba, magram misi axali sulieri samyaris qmnadobis, Camoyalibebis procesi mTeli poemis gaswvriv mimdinareobs. amitom aklia mdevrobidan dabrunebul aludas sityvebs TvistomebTan pirvelad Sexvedrisas Zala da foladi, amitomac yalibdeba aludas Txroba qarTuli enisaTvis damaxasiaTebel TurmeobiTi kilos abrevatiul, Sekvecil da stilisturad uaRresad saintereso formaSi: sdebiyo-Turme sdeboda, romlis analogoni imerul sityva-qcevaSic gvxvdeba: `naqona, namyofa, nayvareba~. ase alalmarTlad uziarebs aluda mezoblebs im gancdebs, romelTac Zirfesvianad gardaqmnes misi buneba. magram xevsurTa Temi yalyze dgeba: `ras ambob? qistis cxoneba ar dawerila rjulada~, _ Seutevs aludas beberi uSiSa.

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aluda cdilobs Tvalwin dauyenos mis irgvliv Semojarul mezoblebs mucalis umagaliTo vaJkacoba, romelic man sikvdilis Jams gamoamJRavna. mkiTxvels iseTi STabeWdileba rCeba, rom aluda ki ar cdilobs sxva vinme daarwmunos, aramed unda TviTon gaerkvas im gancdaSi, romelmac mTeli misi arseba Searyia, im did ZvrebSi, romelic mis sulSi moxda: `natyviars brZamiT ifevda, isre dalia sulia. suls ar aclida amosvlas, kidev mixsena rjulia~.

gvarovnul-patriarqaluri rwmena-warmodgenebis tyveobaSi myofi Temi yru rCeba aludas mier individualurad gancdili da gamovlili sulieri Zrwolis, misi piradi gamocdilebisa da amis niadagze SemuSavebuli msjeloba-Sefasebis mimarT. ufro metic. Temi ara Tu yru, gulgrili rCeba aludas mier gamovlili mZime pirovnuli dramisadmi, igi mzad aris Caqolos, miwasTan gaasworos pirovneba, individi imisaTvis, rom igi lamobs gvarovnul-patriarqaluri sazogadoebisagan gansxvavebuli warmodgena, msjeloba-Sefaseba SeimuSavos raime movlenis garSemo da gansakuTrebiT iseT sakiTxSi, rogoricaa ucxo tomis, ucxo modgmis da rjulis adamianis avkargianoba. gvarovnul-patriarqalur sazogadoebaSi Temis yoveli wevris individualuri Segneba mTlianad SeboWilia am sazogadoebis wiaRSi SemuSavebuli rwmenawarmodgenebiT. aq calke pirovneba, individi ki ar msjelobs, aq Temi msjelobs pirovnebis magivrad, ufro swored _ erTxel da samudamod umsjelnia da gauTavebia, gayinuli, gaqvavebuli ganaCenis, Sefasebis, garduvali wes-adaTis saxiT Tavze mouxvevia Temis TiToeuli wevrisaTvis. Temis mier erTxel da samudamod SemuSavebul am msjeloba-Sefasebas ver gadava calke pirovneba, Tu mas ar unda Tavs daitexos risxva erTpirad Sekruli Temisa. `xalxT Cveuleba didia, devsa hgavs rkinis mkvnetelsa~, _ ambobs vaJa zemoTmoyvanil lirikul leqsSi _ `sikvdili gmirisa~. xevsurT Temi yalyze dgeba, roca aluda mucals cxonebulad moixseniebs, `monaTlulebs~, `RvTis SvilT~ gverdSi dauyenebs: `_ ras ambob? qistis cxoneba ar dawerila rju-

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ladao~ (rjuli am SemTxvevaSi ara marto religiuri dogmebis saxiT warmogvidgeba, aq rjuls vaJa ufro tradiciis mniSvnelobiT unda xmarobdes. rjuli aq arsebiTad gvarovnul-patriarqaluri sazogadoebis mier erTxel da samudamod gamomuSavebuli, gayinuli, gaqvavebuli, garduvali msjeloba-Sefasebis, rwmena-warmodgenis mniSvnelobiT unda ixmarebodes). aludas SegnebaSi ki TvistomebTan Sejaxebis Sedegad ufro da ufro cxadad ikveTeba maRali sakacobrio idea adamianTa tolfasianobisa, miuxedavad maTi modgmis da rjulis sxvadasxvaobisa (razedac aRmocendeba didi humanisturi idea aqamde gaTiSul, gadamterebul xalxTa urTierTgagebis, SeTvisebis da daZmobilebisa). amitom arasavsebiT wvdomil saidumloebasaviT ki aRar uziarebs aluda mis garSemo Semojarul Tvistoms mis mier nagrZnobs da gancdils, aludas kilo aq ukve mqadageblis paTosiT JRers: `Cven vityviT, kacni Cvena varT, marto Cven gvzrdian dedani; Cvena vcxondebiT, urjuloT kuprSi moelis qSenani!

amis TqmiT vwara-maraobT, RvTiSvilT ukeTes ician. yvelani marTals amboben gana, vinaca hfician?!~

TiToeuli sityva aq urosaviT ecema im karCaketilobis, SezRuduloba-ganxoloebis galavans, romelic gars artyia crurwmuneTa WaobSi Caflul Tems. aq aluda gabedulad amsxvrevs am SezRudulobis jebirebs, romelsac ukan amohfarebia gvarovnul-patriarqaluri azrovnebis normebs damonebuli adamiani, sadac yvelaferi, rac modgmis, Temis, rjulis farglebSia moyolili, erTi mTliani organizmis nawilad ganicdeba, da sadac saukuneebiT ganmtkicebuli rwmenawarmodgenebiT kacur-kacoba, namdvili adamianoba mxolod mas miwereba. da is aseve xelaRebiT upirispirdeba yvelafers, rac am Temur-patriarqaluri sazogadoebis sazRvrebis miRma mdebareobs, rac, ase vTqvaT, ara `Cveni~, aramed ìsinis~ saxiT warmoidgineba. imaTze ar vrceldeba msjeloba keTilisa, isini apriorulad borotni arian. aqamde aluda usityvod eqvemdebareboda am gvarovnulpatriarqaluri azrovnebis niadagze aRmocenebul msjelo-

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ba-Sefasebas, misi guli da azri yru iyo sakuTari, pirovnuli Sefasebisadmi; im sulieri Zrwolis, ganwmendis, kaTarzisis Semdeg ki, romelic man mucalis vaJkacuri sikvdilisas ganicada, aluda daeWvdeba am msjelobaSi (`yvelani marTals amboben gana, vinaca hfician?!~). es tradiciuli, gvarovnulpatriarqaluri sazogadoebis wiaRSi SemuSavebuli msjeloba mas ukve fuqsavat, zerele msjelobad eCveneba. am msjelobis adgils sakuTari gulis TaTbiri, sakuTari fiqri da azri, sakuTrad nagrZnobi da gancdili iWers. `ver gavimete mucali marjvenis mosaWrelada~, _ uambobs aluda Tvistomebs da merme riT asabuTebs igi mis mier saukuneebiT ganmtkicebuli wes-adaTis darRvevas, risTvisac is Temis wyromas da risxvas imsaxurebs? is arRvevs am `rjulad daweril~ msjeloba-Sefasebas imitom, rom mas gauCnda axali msajuli, axali mrCeveli, da es mrCeveli aris sakuTari gulisTqma, sakuTari me – subieqti. Temi, `xalxT Cveuleba~ Zlieria, igi `devsa hgavs, rkinis mkvnetelsa~, mas SeuZlia fizikurad gaanadguros aluda da, rac aludasaTvis kidev ufro samZimoa, mohkveTos igi Temis organizms; magram aludasTvis mis mier gancdili kaTarzisis Semdeg Temis risxva ufro advili asatania, vidre sakuTari gulis wyroma, sakuTari gulis samsjavros winaSe pirSavad yofna: `guli gamiwyra, ara hqna, rac saqnelia Znelada: `dae daakldes saxelsa, me girCevnivar mrCevlada~.

aludam bevr qists moaWra marjvena, mis mier mokveTil qist-lekTa marjvenebi qavis karze `jRrdeebiviT hkidia~. saxelganTqmuli vaJkacis, mucalis mklavis mimateba am sisxlian trofeebze aludas saxels Temis TvalSi mxolod sxivSaravandeds Sehmatebda, magram sakuTari gulisTqma ar aZlevs aludas amis nebas. guli eubneba aludas: nu moimoqmedeb imas, rac `saqnelia Znelada~, rac Senis piradis, sakuTaris msjelobiT, gansjiT saZraxisia da dasagmobi; dasTme amisaTvis TviT saxeli da dideba _ me girCevnode mrCevlado. Tavis gulis TaTbiris ayola, sakuTari gulis vazirad dasma da Temis saukuneebiT ganmtkicebuli msjeloba-ganaCe-

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nis ukugdeba ki azrovnebis axal safexurze asvlas, maRal humanisturi msoflmxedvelobisa da msoflSegrZnebis ziarebas da barbarosuli rwmena-warmodgenebis tyveobaSi myofi Temis winaaRmdeg amxedrebas niSnavs. am momentidan aluda ukve Zveli RmerTebis winaaRmdeg amboxebul amiran-promeTeosis Senawoni gmiria. cxadia, rom bneli Sexedulebebis, tyveobaSi myofi Temic ar daayovnebs mis winaaRmdeg galaSqrebas: xevsurTa axaluxebi gadaiqcian tyemlada avad Sahxednes aludas, SauZraxnian xmelada: `mokvdi, sikvdili girCevnav, ra xar sicruis mTqmelada;

aixsen gvelispiruli, diacT gadugde cxemlada; fari _ qslis CasabeWavad, xirim _ gaudvan garada; dambaCa gamoadgebisT sabrunlad, TiTistarada!~

xevsurT àxaluxlebma~ aluda TavianTi WkuiT miwasTan gaaswores; mas Tavmomwone vaJkacisaTvis yvelaze mZime danaSauli _ sicrue da laCroba daswames (`gamohqcevixar qistiSvils, gaduqcevixar qalada~); geslianad dascinian aludas, fexqveS Telaven mis kacur-kacobas. am pirveli, sakuTari, pirovnuli, individualuri msjelobis gamoTqmisaTvis Temma zurgi aqcia aludas, gaswira igi: zurgi aqcies aludas piriTa javrianiTa, Tav-Tavis saxlebs mihmarTes WerxoTiT karianiTa. gawires qeTelauri guliTa narianiTa.

guldakodili, guldawylulebuli dastoves aqamde yvelasaTvis saamayo vaJkaci, aludas saxeli saTrevelad, sakicxavad gaixades: @`saxelsa aludaisas iZaxdnen bralianiTa~. aludas sajaro gankicxvis mowme gaxda misi megobari da misi Senawoni vaJkaci mindia, `Tormeti qistis mamklavi, SubliTa tarianiTa~. mindia moindomebs aludas SebRaluli saxelisagan Cirqis Camorecxvas, mis reabilitacias Temis TvalSi. igi mieSureba, raTa mosWras aludas mier moklul mucals marjvena da amiT daarwmunos Satilionebi, rom aludas ar ucruvnia, rom

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igi diacurad ar gamohqcevia qistis Svils, rom man marTlac mohkla mucali, magram mindia amaod Svreba, aludas goneba `sxvagan hqris~. igi amJamad ufro maRali samsjavros winaSe dgas, vidre erToblivad Sekruli, damyayebuli rwmena-warmodgenebis tyveobaSi myofi Temi. es samsjavroa misi sakuTari sinidisi, misi gulisTqma. rogorc zemoT vTqviT, grafikulad Tu warmovidgenT mxatvruli saxis dinamikas, Cven davinaxavT, rom Tu poemis dasawyisSi vaJa TvalSeuswrobi gamalebiT miaqanebda gmirs gamxecebis ufskrulisaken, axla mwerals aseTive Seunelebeli dinamiurobiT mihyavs igi maRali humanisturi msoflmxedvelobis mwvervalebisaken. `RvTaebrivi komediis~ gmiri-avtori mxolod garegnulad moixilavs jojoxeTs, sadac itanjebian codvilTa sulebi. àluda qeTelauris~ avtori ki TviT Tavis gmiris sulSi daanTebs xalxTa barbarosuli gaTiSulobis, urTierTmoZuleobis, mtrobisa da ganadgurebis cecxls, rom am alze dahferflos gmiris Zveli, xavsmodebuli, namdvili adamianuri gancdebisadmi yru, gvarovnul-patriarqaluri samyaros rwmena-warmodgenebis tyveobaSi myofi guli, raTa Semdeg am naxanZralze aRmoacenos maRal humanistur gancdaTa samyaro. mwerali ganuzomlad farTod gazidavs Tavisi gmiris cnobierebis horizonts. gmiri araTu arRvevs gvarovnulpatriarqaluri samyaros viwrod SemozRudul sazRvrebs; mwerali gadaatarebs Tavis gmirs TviT feodalur da burJuaziul samyaroTa `bedis samZRvrebs~, sadac xalxTa gaTiSuloba, gadamtereba aranaklebad mZafrsa da zogjer ufro maxinj formebs Rebulobs. grZnoba-gancdebis, warmodgenis, azrovnebis ganwmendis, amaRlebis, aRorZinebis gziT vaJas Tavisi gmiri im sazogadoebis karibWesTan (da ufro Sorsac) mihyavs, sadac iqmneba namdvili niadagi xalxTa gaTiSulobis, gadamterebis daZlevis da aRmofxvrisa; iqmneba niadagi xalxTa urTierTgagebis, SeTvisebisa da daZmobilebisaTvis. gmiris Sinagani samyaros gardaqmna, misi cnobierebis asvla msoflSegrZnebis am maRal safexurze mimdinareobs TemTan, partiarqalur-gvarovnul samyarosTan mZafri, axalaxali Sejaxebebis gziT, magram mwerali erTi wuTiTac ar

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aSorebs gmiris Segnebas im didi sulieri kataklizmis STabeWdilebas, romelmac Searyia mTeli misi arsi da romelic mis sulSi momxdar kaTarzisis, ganwmendis, aRorZinebis gamosaval momentad iqca. sizmarsa da cxadSi, cnobier Tu qvecnobier mdgomareobaSi kvlav da kvlav ubrundeba gmiris Segneba mucalTan orTabrZolis, misi saarako, gmiruli sikvdilis wuTebs. gmiri grZnobs, rom mis fexqveS niadagi iryeva, rom teqtonuri Zvrebi sabolood angreven misi aqamdeli cnobierebis xavsmodebul Senobas. magram misi mexsierebidan arasdros ar iSleba pirveli mZlavri biZgi, romelmac SesZra mTeli misi arsi. yoveli gancda am sabediswero moments eqseleba. erTerTi aseTia aludas mier naxuli Zrwolis momgvreli sizmari. ufro swored, es naxuli sizmris Txrobaa, romelsac win uswrebs mistikuri idumalebiT moculi mTis Rameuli peizaJi: dabnelda, wyalni tirian, kalTa gvexurvis Ramisa; droa varskvlavTa JikJikis, mcvreva balaxzed namisa,

mkvdarT sulT saflaviT gamosvlis, dro maT simReris wynarisa, devni gamovlen kldidama, xev-xuvSi exetebian.

es mistikurad gamZafrebuli peizaJi cxovlad exmaureba aludas aforiaqebul suliskveTebas. sofelSi yvelam ivaxSma da ZilisaTvis emzadeba. magram aludas Tvalebs Zili ar ekareba. mas aqamde ucnobi dardiT Sekvria guli. _ pur miirTvio, _ aludas da-dedan exvewebian. `_ me pur ar minda, dedao, guli Samekra radame, wuxel cud sizmrebi vsinje, rigSi viyodi sadame. win gvedva micvalebuli,

xevsurn Sawyenis isxdena, salaSqrod damzadebulni, zogni karebze idgena. menac iq viyav, vtirodi, rogorc wesia kacisa. gumani mqonda salaSqrod, xanic movida wasvlisa~.

sizmareTSi gadasuli aluda kvlav samekobro omebis ferxulSi Caebmis. TvistomebTan igi isev salaSqrod, qistlekebis sarbevad, asaoxreblad emzadeba. magram sizmarsa da cxadSi ganuyreli mucalis landi isev moiyvans mas cnobaze: èrTs wams xel vinam damtaca,

me-d imis brZolis wamisa,

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tari Camidva xanjrisa. Savxeden, mucali iyo, tanT ecva jaWvi rvalisa, gulze emCniva niSani

efina natyviarSia lega safevi brZamisa. klded idga, gautexlada, creml ar Camosdis Tvalisa~.

aq mwerali mxatvruli ganmeorebis xerxs iyenebs. sizmarSi aluda kidev ufro meti simZafriT ganicdis mis mexsierebaSi TiTqos SanTiT amomwvar saxes sulTmobrZavi mucalisa, romelic TviT sulis amosvlis wuTebSi natyviarSi balaxs ìfenda~ da isev sabrZolvelad miiwevda. avtori aq erTxel kidev xazs usvams, rom gardatexa, kaTarzisi aludas cnobierebaSi meyvseulad, wamierad, momentalurad moxda. `gulze emCniva niSani me-d imis brZolis wamisa~. erTxel cxadSi aseTi tragikuli ZrwoliT gancdili, sizmarSi kidev ufro mZafrdeba. aq mucalis landis Civili aluda-mucalis orTabrZolis viwro rkals arRvevs. mucalis landis gulgamgmiravi sityvebi: `minda sikvdili, ar vkvdebi, mamkalo, miTxra xvewniTa. Tqven dagrCes wuTisofeli, me ki wavide qveyniTa, daZexiT, xevsurT Svilebo, laSqrobiT, xmlebis qneviTa~.

es erTis SexedviT ase udrtvinvelad naTqvami sityvebi gmoba-SeCvenebaa xalxTa urTierTdamokidebulebaSi saukuneTa manZilze gamefebuli, dauwereli uflebisa, romlis ZaliT Zlieri Cemulobs, rom yvelaferi mas darCes mzis qveSeT, yvelafriT is `gaZRes~, yvelaferi man moixveWos, sxva ki mas daemonos, anda pirisagan miwisa aRigavos, am qveynidan wavides. am mwerals gmiris piradi gancdebi did mxatvrul ganzogadoebamde ahyavs, saxeebi did mxatvrul simboloebad iqceva. Tavisi piradi qcevis umsgavsoebas – Zlieris, mZlevelis mier Zleulis, sustis uflebaTa uzurpacias aluda ganicdis, rogorc xalxTa urTierTobaSi saukuneebis manZilze gabatonebul borotebas. aq vaJa erTi SexedviT ubir da primitiul masalaze iZleva sakacobrio istoriis uaRresad maRal, humanistur gaazrebas.

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Semzaravi suraTiT sruldeba aludas es tragikuli sizmari: davje, jam vinam damidga, kacis xorc uyo wvniani, vsWamdi, mzaravda TumcaRa kacis xel fexi Zvliani. rasa vsCadio, vsjavrobdi, umsgavsi, SaCvenebuli.

`Wameo, ramac miZaxa, nu hxdebi gaSterebuli: kidev mimirTviT aludas wven-xorci gacxelebuli~. mimates kacis ulvaSiT wven-xorci Sanelebuli.

gulSemzarav kanibalizmad, umsgavso, SeCvenebul kaciWamiobad esaxeba aludas es sxva modgmis xalxTa dasarbevad, asaoxreblad da dasamoneblad momarTuli `mekobruli omi~. rac dro gadis, ufro da ufro mkveTrad upirispirdeba erTmaneTs aludas axali Segneba Zvel, gvarovnul-patriarqalur samyaros. mkiTxvelTaTvis cxadi xdeba, rom isini erTad, erTi cis qveS veRar ibogineben, rom aseT maRal, adamianis mTeli arsebis Sempyrob rwmenas aRar ZaluZs saqmed, moqmedebad ar iqces, magram sad da ra formebSi unda moxdes gvarovnul-patriarqaluri samyaros winaaRmdeg amboxebuli pirovnebis SexedulebaTa gamomJRavneba, misi gadamwyveti Sexla-Sejaxeba Zveli, barbarosuli warmodgenebis tyveobaSi myof TemTan? TavisTavad cxadia, rom es unda moxdes iq, sadac yalibdeba da yvelaze ufro mZafrad mJRavndeba gvarovnul-patriarqaluri samyaros SemaduRebeli rwmena-warmodgenebi. aseTi dro da adgilia `sauflo Jami~ _ xatoba da es momentic dgeba: Jami movida sauflo, xalxi xatobas dioda: unda acnobon batonsa visac ki rama stkioda.

SeiZleba darwmunebiT iTqvas, rom xatobaze Sekrebil adamianebs Soris aluda yvelaze mwvave tkivilebs ganicdis, masac mucaliviT `gulSi sWris~ mouoxebeli Wmunva sevda ùndomlad moklulis Zmis~ daRupvis gamo. masSi momwifda axali azri, axali Segneba, axali gageba adamianobisa. am sevdiT da fiqrebiT guldamZimebuli midis aluda xatobaze. amitom modga igi `nisliviT~, `TiTbris nazikis

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xmaliTa~, xevisbers aZlevs Sesawirav mozvers; TiTqos morCilebis gamomxatvel pozaSi dgas aluda _ qedmodrekili, Tavdaxrili. magram is, rac aludas ganuzraxavs, misi aRzrdis da Segnebis adamianis mxriv udidesi amboxeba, ajanyebaa gvarovnul-patriarqaluri samyaros winaaRmdeg. aludas unda mis mier Cadenili, TavisTavad gamousworebeli Secodeba riTime mainc gamoisyidos. mas ganuzraxavs ùrjulo~, mounaTlavi qistis, mucalis sulis mosaxseneblad sajarod Seswiros gudanis jvars kurati. bunebrivia, rom gvarovnul-patriarqalur samyarosTan jer kidev (da SeiZleba iTqvas poemis dasasrulamde) mTeli Tavisi arsebiT dakavSirebuli aluda Tavisi sulis axal moZraobas Zvels formaSi, yalibSi aqcevs, saxarebis eniT rom vTqvaT, àxal Rvinos Zvel TxierakebSi asxams~. es bunebrivia da Semoqmedebis realistur principze mdgomi vaJa arasdros ar Ralatobs am bunebriobas, radganac misive TqmiT `saRi fantazia iseT arafers Sehqmnis, sinamdviles ar Seeferebodes, ar eTanxmebodes~. gvarovnul-patriarqaluri tradiciebis, wes-adaTebis sadarajoze mdgom xevisber berdias aZlevs aluda samsxverplo mozvers. berdia gansaxierebaa, personifikaciaa im samyarosi, romelsac am `sauflo Jams~ samkvdro-sasicocxlo brZola unda gaumarTos aludam. sazeimo, paTetiuri toniT mimarTavs aludas xevisberi berdia: `_ vis amwyalobneb, aludav, ama kuratiT SaviTa? _ hkiTxavs aludas xucesi gadaweulis mklaviTa. didia Cveni batoni _ gudanis jvaris TaviTa, saymonic Zlierni hyvanan, RvTiTa da RvTis ZaliTa.

kargi yma uyvars batonsa; wyaloba ematebisa; vaJkacni imedianni Cvens batons ebedebisa. miTxar saxeli, vis swirav, imasac Saewireba~. _ xanjars aiZrobs, didebis saTqmelad daeRireba.

aludas ar unda gudanis jvars gaudges, ar unda didi `batonis saymos~ gamoeTiSos, magram mas ganuzraxavs am saymos cnebaSi axali suli, sxva Sinaarsi Casdos da amiT arsebiTad Sescvalos gudanis jvris arsi. TiTqos aluda ver grZnobs, rom Signidan afeTqebs Zveli RmerTebis samyaros. igi axali

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ideis paToss autania, amitom aluda yovelgvari narTaulis gareSe amJRavnebs Tavis ganzraxvas xevisberisa da xatobaze Sekrebil Tvistomebis winaSe: èg samxvewroa, berdiav, ZoRan moklulis qistisa. mucals etyodnen saxelad, mounaTlavis Svilisa~. aluda miiswrafvis iqiTken, rom ganuzomlad gazidos Temur-patriarqaluri samyaros horizonti imiT, rom aqamde samkvdro-sasicocxlod gadamterebul, ucxo `mTis da wylis~, ucxo rjulis da modgmis xalxTan, `mounaTlavebTan~ urTierTobas safuZvlad daudos urTierTgagebis, urTierTSeTvisebis maRali idea. es ara marto garkveul grZnobaTa gamoxatulebaa, es mRvdelTmsaxurebis aqtia, romliTac aluda lamobs Tavisi micvalebuli winaprebis samyaroSi Semoiyvanos mounaTlavi, urjulo, ZaRlTapirad miCneuli qistis, mucalis suli. `kargadac damimwyalobne, gamimetebav misTvina, rogorc undomlad moklulis, Tavis lamazis ZmisTvina~, _ Sehvedrebs aluda xevisbers. mkiTxvels eucxoveba aseTi lirikuli danazeba aludas mxriv (romlis `cixe-qvaze~ berdias TqmiT _ `jRrdesaviT~ hkidia mis mier mokluli qist-lekebis xelebi), Tuki igi Tundac erTi wuTiT daiviwyebs im did sulier katastrofas, romelic gamovlo aludam, im didi Zvrebs, romlebic moxda gmiris sulSi mucalis saarako, vaJkacuri sikvdilis gancdis Sedegad. erTi SexedviT SeiZleba ufro paradoqsalurad moeCvenos kacs is ambavi, rom aluda Tavis axal gancdebs, ganwyobilebas, adamianobis axal gagebas, agebuls xalxTa urTierTgagebaze, urTierTSeTvisebasa da Zmobaze saqveynod aRiarebs `sauflo Jams~, xatobaze, im adgilas, sadac xdeba diametralurad sawinaaRmdego ganwyobilebaTa gaRviveba. gvarovnul-patriarqaluri samyaros niadagze amozrdil, masTan organulad dakavSirebul aludas gulubryvilobis Sedegia, rom mas swadia Tavisi axali gancdebi da ganwyobilebebi isev am samyaros farglebSi daasadguros. es Zveli samyaros aSkara gamowvevaa aludas mxriv da mas berdia `SeuZraxavs~, SeekamaTeba, rogorc yvelaze udreki, Seurigebeli warmomadgeneli gvarovnul-patriarqaluri sazogadoebisa.

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berdia sworad xvdeba, rom am, gudanis jvris xatobaze jer unaxavi msxverplis SewirviT aludas unda daangrios gvarovnul-patriarqaluri samyaros sazRvrebi. berdia sworad swvdeba, rom aseTi msxverplis Sewirva gudanis jvrisaTvis arsebiTad xatTan da Zvel gvarovnul-patriarqalur samyarosTan merkineobaa; Zveli kerpebis msxvreva, Zveli salocavebis gmoba-Segineba da axali rwmenis aRiarebaa, romelmac gudanis jvris samwysos azri da grZnoba, mTeli arsi unda Seucvalos. amitom aitans berdias aseTi mistikuri SiSi, amitomac moedineba yovlis wamlekav niaRvariviT qurumis paTosiT aRgznebuli misi sityva. mama-papaT uryev, garduval anderZSi eZebs berdia dasayrdens Tavisi SegonebisaTvis: `_ gaurjulebuls arjuleb, Sen eg ar Sagixdebisa, qistisad saklavis dakvla kargad ar mogixdebisa. mamiT ar modis anderZi, papiT da papis-papiTa, gonT modi, qristiani xar, urjulovdebi magiTa; eSmaks nu misdev... eg sityva

rogor amogcda bagiTa?! ... rogor vaxvewo ufalsa ZaRli ZaRlebis jiSisa, minam sjobs, cani dameqcnen, zurgi gamiskdes miwisa, an Tu zRvam damnTqas uZirom sadili vWamo qviSisa!~_ feri edeba berdias, feri sxvagvari SiSisa.

berdias mistiuri Zrwola da SiSi aitans. mas albaT pirvelad uxdeba aseT sakiTxebTan Sexla. gudanis jvris `saymoSi~ aludamde albaT aravin gamomdgara aseTi mkvrexeli, RvTis mgmobi. aludas ki, romelic mTeli Tavisi aRzrdiT, yofiT mikrulia Temis organizmTan, uZneldeba am samyarodan mowyveta. igi axali azris da fiqris mSobiarobis saSinel tkivilebs ganicdis. amitomac aseTis drtvinviT mimarTavs aluda xevisbers: `_ zRvensa nu gamimsubiqeb, madli Tu gwyalobs RvTisao yma var mec gudanis jvrisa, xevsuri Tqvenis wylisao, miTom erTni varT, berdiav, mcxovrebni erTis mTisao~.

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am `miTomSi~ ukve gamoismis aludas daeWveba da aqedan warmomdgari sasowarkveTilebis ganwyobileba _ SeuZlia Tu ara amis Semdeg SerCes Tavis Tems, romelic sul sxva grZnobebiT, sxva gancdebiT cxovrobs. amitom ase ganwirulad gaismis misi argumentacia, rom isic gudanis jvris saymos ekuTvnis, rom is da danarCeni Satilionebi erTis `wylis da mTis~ xevsurni arian, da amitomac isini viTom erTni arian. aluda da gvarovnul-patriarqaluri warmodgenebis tyveobaSi myofi Temi erTi aRar aris, maT Soris ukve garduvali ufskruli gaiTxara, aluda da Temi ori, erTmaneTisadmi dapirispirebulia, erTmaneTTan dajaxebuli samyaroa. aluda mTeli TaviT amaRlda am Temze, igi xalxTa urTierTgagebis, SeTvisebis, Zmobis, humanizmis maRal safexurze avida. berdia Temis gancdaTa organizatoria. Temic mxars ubams xevisbers da amitom warmosTqvams igi ase gadaWriT da gadawyvetilad ukve ara Segonebis, aramed ganaCenis kiloTi: `tyuilad scdebi, aludav, tyuilad icveT pirsao~. amiT berdiam warstaca aludas TemTan saerTo enis gamonaxvis ukanaskneli imedi. bolos rwmundeba aluda, rom igi da Temi sxvadasxva `rjuls~ aRiareben, rom maT sxvadasxva `RmerTi~ uziT gulSi da rom berdiasTana qurumi aRar gamoadgeba masTan Suamavlad. amitomac igi TviTon kisrulobs mRvdelTmsaxurebas, TviTon amwyalobebs `saxvewar~, Sesawirav kurats. misi azri, aqamde krTomiT da fexakrefiT moaruli, axla gabedulad gadadis moqmedebaSi. aluda mtkiced dgeba axali rwmenis niadagze: gajavrda qeTelauri, feri daidva mglisao; xeli daikra frangulsa, Suqi amoxda mzisao. uqniva mozvers qedzeda,

Tavi migoravs Zirsao. Tan Saexvewa batonsa, nu Samicodeb Svilsao, allada hqondes mucalsa, mag mounaTlav gmirsao.

orgzis mimarTavs aluda gudanis xats, jer berdias meSveobiT cdilobs igi xma miawvdinos `batons~, meorejer sakuTar `damwyalobnebaSi~ SesTxovs msxverpli miiRos, da orjerve ase gulgamgmirav refrenad gaismis urTierTTan moSuRar, erTmaneTTan gadamterebul mezobel tomebs Soris

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Zmobisa da megobrobis xidis gamdebi, liriulad darbilebuli moxsenieba mis mier `suleTSi~ gastumrebul `lamazis Zmis~ mucalisa. aseTia aludas ukanaskneli amboxeba da ukanaskneli sityva Temis winaSe. aludam ar icis, Seismina Tu ara gudanis jvarma misi Txovna, magram amis Semdeg Tavis simarTleSi darwmunebuli aluda dumilSi CaiZireba, samagierod berdias piriT ametyveldeba risxviT atanili Temi; berdia yalyze dgeba, rom aludam ikisra xevisberoba, TviTon dahkla kurati da isic mounaTlavi qistis sulis mosaxseneblad: berdia jagaraSlili xalxiske izams pirsao. `_ gagonilaa, _ iZaxda, _ asre agdeba rjulisa:

saklavs TviTon hklavs sulisa. xalxo, mindaris gavigo pasuxi Tqvenis gulisa~.

es mimarTva carieli litoni kiTxvaa. berdiam windawin icis xatobaze Sekrebili Satilionebis gulispasuxi, Tuki SeiZleba amas saerTod gulispasuxi ewodos, vinaidan, rogorc zemoT vTqviT, es aris viwrod SemozRuduli gvarovnul-patriarqaluri msoflmxedvelobis da msoflSegrZnebis sadedebelze amosuli msjeloba-ganaCeni, gayinuli, gaqvavebuli, garduvali, ganuxrelad Sesasrulebeli. berdia mouwodebs SatilionTa àreopags~: `dajardiT, xevsurT Svilebo, yvelani _ didni, mcireni~, samarTali vqnaTo _ mouwodebs Satilionebs xevisberi da Tan iqve, visime azris, `gulispasuxis~ mousmenlad karnaxobs ganaCens: `...vumtvrioT aludas saxlis direni; nu dainanebT, eqmneniT col-Svilis amatireni~. berdia Tumc pro forma ambobs: `xalxo, mindaris gavigo pasuxi Tqvenis gulisao~, magram is aravis pasuxs, da miT ufro `gulispasuxs~ ar moelis, vinaidan iq, sadac saqme Seexeba iseT sakiTxs, rogoricaa berdias gagebiT `rjulis agdeba~, Selaxva, Temis wes-adaTis darRveva, Tems mzad aqvs stereotipuli azri _ ganaCeni. vinc dasZlia gvarovnul-patriarqaluri samyaros SezRuduloba, vinc berdias gagebiT aRsdga bneli Temis winaaRmdeg, igi TviTon aris Savi da bneli. igi Seubraleblad mokveTil unda iqnas Temis organizmisagan, masze unda gav-

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rceldes yvelaze mZime sasjeli _ ostrakizmi, gandevna, rac jer kidev me-14 saukuneSi daweril `Zeglis dadebaSi~ aris moxsenebuli, rogorc erT-erTi umZimesi forma sasjelisa, da rac, albaT, imitomac iqna Setanili `Zeglis dadebaSi~, rom igi damaxasiaTebeli iyo saqarTvelos mTiuleTis marTlmsajulebisaTvis jer kidev am mxaris damorCilebamde giorgi brwyinvalis mier (me-14 s.). aluda unda gaxdes `sxva qveynis ca-Rrublis Senamzirebi~. gacofebuli xevisberi aqezebs SatilionT, rom ganaCeni dauyonebliv moiyvanon sisruleSi _ daarbion da gandevnon aluda: `wadiT, umtvrieT Sav-bnelsa saxlisa, cixis karebi. cecxli mieciT saZnovars, _ casa swvdebodes alebi; saTemod gamoirekeT

cxvari, Zroxa da xarebi; Satils col-Svili utireT, gudans – SinSni da qalebi; hrisxavdes Cveni batoni, ar aris Sasabralebi~.

da marTlac xatobaze Sekrul mTel TemSi aravin aRmoCndeba aludas Sembrale da, miT umetes, mosarCle. mxolod mindias, romelmac aludas gasamarTleblad SatilSi Camoitana mucalis moWrili marjvena, `mouwylianda Tvalebi~, magram isic uZluria risxviT atanili Temis winaSe, mindiac `veRarasa hSvels aludas, gulze gadiwyvis mklavebi~. gadamTvral SatilionT ki cofmoreuli xevisberis ganaCenic zedmetad lmobierad eCvenebaT. imaT ar akmayofilebT aludas darbeva da awiokeba, misi `mokveTa, gandevna Temidan, samSoblodan, ganwirva imisaTvis, rom igi `sxva qveynis ca-Rrublis Sanamzirebi~ gaxdes. isini miiweven, rom axlave daubnelon mze aludas: Sasmulebm xevsurT Svilebma maimarjvian farebi, unda scan qeTelaursa, kapasad JReren rvalebi.

isev mucalis marjvena, romelic mindiam mohkveTa da SatilSi moitana aludas gasamarTleblad, TvistomTa Sesagoneblad ixsnis aludas. mucalis moWrili marjvena ludisagan gabruebul xevsurT agonebs, rom aluda mainc swor-

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upovari vaJkacia da is gadarCeba Tavisi mezoblebis xeliT sikvdils. TiTqos akviatebulad iWreba ramdenimejer poemis mdinarebaSi mucalis es marjvena. mucalis marjvenis xelaxlad gamoCenas avtori iyenebs imisaTvis, rom gviCvenos Temis sikerpe da gautexeloba. saWiro iyo iseTi mZafri, Zrwolismomgvreli, kaTarzisis gamomwvevi gancda, rac aludas daatyda Tavs, rom misi goneba ganTavisuflebuliyo saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi daSrevebuli gvarovnul-patriarqaluri warmodgenebisagan, rom mas Tavi daeRwia Temur-patriarqaluri azrovnebis tyveobisagan, rom is gadasuliyo movlenebis pirad, individualur gansjaze, Sefasebaze, gansakuTrebiT iseT sakiTxSi, rogoric aris sxva modgmis da rjulis adamianis Sefasebis sakiTxi. aseTi ram poemis gmirebidan mxolod aludam ganicada. amitom mxolod mis arsebaSi moxda gardatexa, Temi ki mTlianad gautexeli rCeba da avtori poemis ukanasknel strofebSi gviCvenebs mas isev udreks, isev Zveli warmodgenebis tyveobaSi myofs, SezRuduls, izolirebuls sxva modgmis da rjulis adamianebisagan. yvelaferi, rac tom-rjulis farglebis miRma mdebareobs, imTaviTve, apriorulad ganwirulia SeCvenebisaTvis. es dauZleveli dapirispireba, winaaRmdegoba, `Cven~ da `sxvani~ isev ucvleli rCeba, rogorc es odiTgan momdinareobda. es gamijvna, gaTiSuloba moismis berdias ukanasknel sityvebSi, roca es bedukuRmarTi mucalis marjvena isev gamoCndeba scenaze: `waiReT, _ ambobs berdia, _ toti urjulos ZaRlisa, ara varT xevsurT Svilebi ymani eSmakis, alisa. ZaRls miugdian saWmelad xeli mucalis mklavisa~.

berdias mainc `xevsurT SvilobiT~, `gudanis jvris ymobiT~, `monaTlulobiT~ moaqvs Tavi. igi xalxTa urTierTisagan gamTiSveli cnebebiT `Cven~ da ìsini~ azrovnebs, ise ki rom es `Cven~ _ `monaTlulT~, `RvTis SvilT~, yoveli keTiliT SemkulT, ìsini~ ki _ eSmakis, alis ymaT, urjuloTa, ZaRlTa pirTa banaks ekuTvnian.

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`jagaraSlil~ berdias ayolili `xevsurT-Svilni~ ZaRls miugdeben mucalis mokveTil marjvenas. amiT Temi Tavze bres ayris aludas mier wvdomil axal WeSmaritebas. `piri ar axlo qofakma, morTo Rmuili bralisa~, _ TiTqos pirutyvmac Seibrala gmirulad daRupuli mucali _ mis mokveTil marjvenas piri ar axlo, magram berdia amasac Tavis bnel azrTwyobis _ sxva modgmis, sasabuTeblad da saqadageblad iyenebs: xevisber ityvis berdia: _ `xevsurno, naxeT TvaliTa: ZaRli ZaRlis tyavs ar stexso, Tqmulia imav TaviTa~.

aluda sdums. xidi, romlis gadebas is lamobda, kvlav Catexilia. ufskruli, romelic SatilionT aSorebda ùrjuloTa~, `mounaTlavTa~ samyarosagan, isev garduvali rCeba, mucalis marjvenas ki balRebi `dabla aTreven kaviTa~. barbarosobis ufskrulidan, romelSiac vaJa gvixatavs aludas poemis dasawyisSi, igi adis humanizmis, adamianTa urTierTgagebis, xalxTa Zmobisa da megobrobis Tvalwarmtac mwvervalebamde. gulubryvilod moindoma aludam gvarovnul-patriarqaluri, bneli rwmena-warmodgenebis, mosisxleobis, xalxTa Soris SuRlisa da mtrobis tradiciebiT damZimebuli Temic aeyvana am TvalismomWrel simaRleebamde. magram mas Zala ar eyo amisaTvis. axali adamianobis mesityve aluda Zlivs gadaurCa Tavisi mezoblebis xmlebiT akuwvas, magram misi amiraniseburi qmedobiT aRSfoTebulma Temma ara nakleb samZimo da Semzaravi msjavri gamoutana Tavis urC, meamboxe Svils, vidre es amirans xvda wilad qveynad cecxlis motanisTvis. `mokveTil iyos, sxva qveynis ca-Rrublis Sanamzirebi~, _ daiZaxa cofiT pirgadalesilma, jagaraSlilma xevisberma berdiam, romelmac aludas qmedobaSi sworad igrZno gvarovnul-patriarqaluri samyaros Zveli RmerTebis msxvreva. `mokveTil iyos!~ _ mosca bani bneli tradiciebis tyveobaSi myofma Temma da marTlac `beqiT gadisrola~ aluda ufskrulSi. es yvelaze samZimo sasjelia aludasaTvis, romelic, rogorc zemoTac vTqviT, miuxedavad Tavisi amboxebisa

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Zveli Temis winaaRmdeg, gulis yvela ZarRvebiT, mTeli arsebiT mikrulia Tavis TemTan, Tavis miwa-wyalTan. saxl-kari daungries aludas, aawiokes da aaoxres misi ojaxi da marTlac saSinlad aatires aludas col-Svili: sastik zamTarSi, texur yinvasa da qar-buqSi Seubraleblad gamorekes aludas ojaxi Satilidan. kavkasionis sastiki zamTris peizaJiT ixsneba poemis ukanaskneli Tavi: Tovli sTovs, qari boboqrobs, yeleb Sakrula mTebisa; Camodis xevad zovebi; Camonasxleti kldebisa.

... vis maswyenia sicocxle, gzas is vin gaudgebisa? win midis mgzavri, mihkvalavs, xuTic ukvena hyvebisa.

namdvili ieremiadaa aludas colis lelas godeba, romelic ase amZafrebs poemis isedac tragikul finals: àvahme, Cveno sax-karo, qva-qvaze aRar dgebao, cixeze, Werxos boZebze exla yoveli sxdebao~.

ganwirulebis, sasowarkveTilebis ganwyobileba moismis dedis mimarTvaSi aludasadmi: deda ityoda aludas; `_ Svilo, iare nelao, SenTan ver gavZlebT verc mena, verc Seni coli lelao, balRebi agviboJirda, xel-fex dagvizra Znelao. vahme, ra ugzod davdivarT,

vahme, rogora bnelao! ... momakvdavs davferebivar, goni gamxdia retada. muxleb ar mamdevs, gulSia bneli Camidga svetada. vah, mama-papis saflavno, kldeno damdgarno mwvetada!~

eqsoriis, Tavis miwa-wyalTan, Temidan mokveTis saSinelebas aludas colis moTqma-godeba wyevla-krulvaSic gadahyavs `kargs nuras hnaxavT, xevsurno, erTi diaci swyrebisa~ _ lela mzadaa dahgmos, gaswiros Temi, romelmac aludas ojaxi iseT amindSi, civ zamTarSi sasikvdilo gzas gauyena, magram aludas namdvili stoikuri simtkiciTa da sidinjiT, auRelveblobiT gadaaqvs bedis kirTeba. Temma gaswira aluda, magram aluda ar imetebs samSoblo miwa-wyals. mis bageT erTi samduravi sityvac ar dascdeba Temis winaaRmdeg,

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romelic risxvad daatyda mas Tavs. igi bolomde, gulis yvela ZarRvebiT dakavSirebulia TemTan. misi suli da guli isev mSobliur mTebTan rCeba: javrobiT etyvis aluda: `_ diacno, nu xarT ybedada, modiT, mamyeviT, vidinoT, RmerTm es gvarguna bedada, jvars ar awyinoT, Tems nu swyevT, nu gadiqceviT cetada!~

ra gulgamgmiravi siyvarulis sityvebi aRmoxdeba aludas mSobliuri Temis mijnis gadavlisas, im Temis, romelmac is ase Seubraleblad moikveTa da `beqiT gadisrola~ am sityvis namdvili mniSvnelobiT: erTxel maunda aludas, erTxel mobrunva Tavisa: `mSvidobiT sajixveebo, gamaxarelno Tvalisa!

mSvidobiT Cemo sax-karo, gulSi amSlelo bralisa! mSvidobiT, Cemo batono, ymaTa mimcemo Zalisa!~

am tragikuli finalis akompanimentad moimis qaris `xvivili~. TiTqos mwvetad damdgari mTebic ki gauSterebia aludas mware beds: gaswires mgzavrTa samudamod wyali da miwa Tavisa. Sterad damdgaran mTis wverni, ismis xvivili qarisa.

...gadvidnen, qedi gadavles, Txrili aRar Cans kvalisa, erTi maisma SoriTa mware qviTini qalisa.

lelas mware qviTiniT, Temisagan mokveTil, eqsorirebuli aludas gulgamgmiravi SeZaxiliT _ `mSvidobiT, sajixveebo~, sruldeba 1888 wels dawerili vaJas es poema-tragedia. magram vaJa TiTqos TviTonac daukmayofilebeli darCa am poemis dasasruliT, TiTqos mweralma bolomde ver amoswura is diadi idea, romelic man safuZvlad daudo am SesaniSnav nawarmoebs: iqneb is ar akmayofilebda vaJas, rom man am poemaSi mxolod erTaderTi gmiris, aludas gulSi SesZlo xalxTa urTierTgagebis, SeTvisebisa da megobrobis grZnobis gaRviZeba. `rkinis mkvneteli~, deviviT kerpi Temi ki yru, Seusminari darCa im didi fsiqologiur-moraluri Zvrebisadmi, romelic gmiris SegnebaSi moxda. Temma ud-

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rtvinvelad, umtkivneulod moikveTa Tavisi sxeulidan maRal humanur azrs ziarebuli aluda. TiTqos verc mTebma, verc bunebam, romelic agrerig mgZnobiare, adamianis gancdaTa uSualo Tanaziar àrsebad~ gvevlineba vaJas SemoqmedebaSi, verc igrZnes aludas tragedia. TiTqos yovelgvari gamoxmaurebis gareSe daikarga aludas mier saTemod Tqmuli sityva xalxTa urTierTgagebis da SeTvisebis Sesaxeb. magram 1893 wels daweril poemaSi `stumar-maspinZeli~ isev vxvdebiT aludas SegnebaSi aRmocenebul maRal sakacobrio ideebis gamoZaxils. vaJa aq kvlav ubrundeba xalxTa Zmobis Temas. magram es poema ar warmoadgens àluda qeTelauris~ ubralo gameorebas an variacias. vaJa aq miiswrafvis ufro Rrmad gavlos axali msoflmxedvelobis kvali ara marto calkeuli gmiris, aramed TviT masis SegnebaSi. aq, jer kidev poemis preludiaSi, ùsulo da uasako~ bunebac gamsWvalulia axali azriT, axali SegnebiT. mTebic amrezilan, amxedrebulan am uazro, mezobel xalxTa Soris gamefebuli SuRlis, mtrobis winaaRmdeg. aq bunebis ganwyobaSi mocemulia poemis leitmotivi: bnels xevze mohyefs mdinare, gulamRvreuli javriTa. gadmoxriliyvnen mTabnica, xel-pirs ibandnen wyalzeda;

...bevri momkvdara maTs mkerdze, sisxls ver ixdenen tanzeda; Zmis mkvlelis sisxli swyuria, kaci rom modis gzazeda.

`mTani maRalnic~ ver ixdenen, ver igueben uazro, momijne, mezobel tomTa saurTierTSoriso brZolaSi daRvril sisxls, TiTqos amaze mohyefs javriT gulamRvreuli mdinare. vaJa-fSavelas bevri mkvlevari `stumar-maspinZels~ àluda qeTelaurze~ maRla ayenebs. rogorc vTqviT, `stumar-maspinZelSic~ igive xalxTa urTierTgagebis, SeTvisebis, Zmobis da megobrobis maRali ideaa mocemuli, magram poemis preludia garda zemoT moyvanili bunebis suraTisa, ar amJRavnebs im did poetur gznebas, romelic mkiTxvels ipyrobs, ajadoebs àluda qeTelauris~ dasawyisSive. `stumarmaspinZlis~ Sesavals aklia àluda qeTelaurisaTvis~ damaxasiaTebeli dramatuli simZafre, simkveTre, vaJasaTvis Cveuli, saxeebis gamokveTa, dinamiuri gaSla. moqmedeba aq qistebis sofelSia gadatanili, magram namdvili dramatuli

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moqmedeba, xasiaTebis mZafri Sejaxeba ar mosCans poemis pirveli eqvsi Tavis manZilze. vaJa misTvis uCveulo did dros andomebs imas, rom urTierToba gaabas poemis erTmaneTisagan sakmaod daSoriSorebul saxeebs Soris. mwerlis fantazia aq gzas hkecavs, zigzagebiT miemarTeba, mZafr dramatul moqmedebas aq Txroba scvlis. poemis kvanZis gaskvna win uswrebs moqmed pirTa eqspozicias. rogorc zemoT vTqviT, poema qistebis soflis peizaJiT ixsneba: Ramis wyvdiadSi Cafluli, gamtknarebulis saxiTa, mosCans qisteTis midamo salis kldeebis taxtiTa... ... soflis Tavs sZinavs Savs nislsa dafiqrebulis saxiTa. yurs ugdebs aremaresa gul-laRobs sanaxaviTa. stumari cota xanisa,

xval sxvagan wava aqiTa. wava, gadivlis gorebsa, qedebsa yinuliansa; abnelebs, uxilavad hqmnis qveyanas xiluliansa. Tu monadires atirebs, gzadakargulsa kldeSia, alaRebs mgelsa da qurdsa, moarulT sibneleSia.

am sofelze davardnil wyvdiadSi poemis gmirebi TiTqos xelis cecebiT daeZeben erTmaneTs, rom gamonaskvon is konfliqti, romelic mZafrdeba da Rrmavdeba poemis Semdgom mdinarebaSi. rarig gansxvavdeba `stumar-maspinZelis~ pirveli Tavebis es mdovre svla àluda qeTelauris~ meyvseul da daudgromel, dinamiur miWrisagan poemis mTavar konfliqtTan. àluda qeTelauris~ dasawyisSive mocemul mZafr dramatul moqmedebas aq Txroba, aRwera, ambis gadmocema scvlis (mdgomareobas ar scvlis is garemoeba, rom zviadauris da joyolas Sexvedra dialogis formaSi iSleba); aq naratiuli, Txrobis elementi sWarbobs dramatuls da am nawilSi `stumar-maspinZeli~ ufro poema-moTxrobaa, vidre poema-drama. es ukanaskneli ki, rogorc zemoTac vTqviT, agrerig damaxasiaTebelia epikuri JanrisaTvis vaJas SemoqmedebaSi. am SemTxvevaSi vaJa misdevs mecxramete saukunis qarTuli literaturis inercias, romelic epikur JanrSi upiratesad am TxrobiT maneras mimarTavs. poemis fabularuli qarga am nawilSi, is ambavi, rom Zmis sisxlis asaRebad wamosuli zviadauri mTebSi davardnil nislSi SeefeTeba da gaecnoba sanadirod wamosul joyolas;

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rom es ukanaskneli Tavis ojaxSi miipatiJebs zviadaurs; rom joyola da misi coli aRaza mTis wes-adaTisamebr gulRiad Sexvdebian `RvTis stumars~; rom urTierTis Senawoni vaJkacebis Sexvedras da gacnobas maTi daZmobileba mosdevs; is garemoeba, rom zviadauri qistebis sofel jaregSi mogonili saxeliT Semoipara; rom joyolasTan stumrad myofma droulma qistma gamoicno qistebis dauZinebeli mteri, rom man sofeli aazvava, fexze daayena zviadauris Sesapyrobad; rom qistebs hyavT viRac xevsurTa xeliT mokluli ùpatrono~ mkvdari; rom qistebis wes-adaTiT saWiroa sisxlis aReba iseT Semzarav formebSi _ tyved Cavardnili mosisxlis samsxverplo pirutyviviT dakvla mkvdris saflavze, raTa am ukanasknels monamsaxuri gauCinon `suleTSi~, rom joyolas SegnebaSi maspinZlis movaleoba (raic joyolas garduval `sauflo~ wesad miaCnia) ejaxeba Zmis sisxlis aRebis movaleobas _ hqmnis mxolod garegnul simZafres da ara Sinagan, imanentur dramatul konfliqts. da es imitom, rom miuxedavad rTuli fabularuli gadaxlarTvisa, yofacxovrebiTi fonis vaJaseuli ostatobiT moxazvisa, poemis gmirebi erTmaneTisagan TiTqos Sinaganad daSoriSorebuli rCebian. yovelive amis moyola metis Tu naklebis ganvrcobiT SeiZleba, maSin, rodesac SeuZlebelia aludas da mucalis orTabrZolis, an aludas TemTan Sejaxebis, mis mier gudanis jvris xatobaze kuratis Sewirvis scenis moyola, TxrobiT gadmocema. es scenebi ar SeiZleba kacma `Tavisi sityvebiT~ gadmosce, mohyve, iambo, vinaidan ar SeiZleba namdvili dramatuli moqmedebis Txroba, moyola da Tu ginda isini ganicado, poema Tavidan bolomde unda waikiTxo. `stumar-maspinZlis~ namdvili dramatuli kvanZi maSin inaskveba da mweralic maSin aRwevs am poemaSi àluda qeTelaurisaTvis~ damaxasiaTebel epikuri Semoqmedebis mwvervalebs, roca Sepyrobil zviadaurs xelfexs Seukraven, qistebis sasaflaoze miiyvanen da kiserSi xanjals aWeren, raTa mosdrikon, sulierad gastexon da daaZabunon igi, ganamzadon qistebis ùpatrono~ mkvdrisaTvis Sesawirad, mis winaSe saiqioSi monad da mosamsaxured warsadgomad.

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Cveni debulebis sailustraciod ganvixiloT am sazenito punqtTan misasvleli scenebi, mivyveT kvaldakval poemis mdinarebas. poemaSi bolomde usaxelod darCenili drouli qisti, romelic gamoicnobs zviadaurs, gamodis qistTa Temis macned: kaci rom sCanda saxlSia, WaRarSerTuli, xnieri, wamodga isic fexzeda, rogorc kldis vefxvi Zlieri, stumrad mosuli ucnobi,

stumars pativs scems sxvisasa, ... magram ros naxa ucnobi, feri daedo mglisao; advilad aicnoboda, rasac hfiqrobda isao.

droul qists ar eWaSnika zviadauris, qistTa soflis amaoxreblis da amomgdeblis danaxva da mas TavisTavad `miudis xeli xanjriske~, rom Temis magier gauswordes qistebis sofelSi SemoWril zviadaurs. magram drouli qisti ver arRvevs stumar-maspinZlobis wess: adga da Cumad gavida, TiTze ikbina mwareda, samjer Caikra guls xeli, roca gavida gareda. wavida. kari-kars dadis, enasa hlesavs SxamiTa: `qistebo, Cveni mosisxle Semogvepara RamiTa.

...eg Cveni amomgdebeli, Cveni mrbeveli ZaliTa; gaumaZRari mudam Jams Cvenis sisxliT da ZvaliTa dRes Cvens xelT aris, vecadoT, vagemoT gemo mwaria, magaT mokluli am zafxuls gvyavs upatrono mkvdaria~.

drouli qisti niSans aZlevs Tems, rom zviadauris mimarT Seasrulon kanibalisturi wesi, xevsurT xeliT mokluli qistis darlas saflavze samsxverplo pirutyviviT dahklan maT xelSi SemTxveviT Cavardnili zviadauri, rom am gziT darlas suleTSi mosamsaxure gauCinon, romelic mas wyals uzidavs, jRans gaublandavs, yovelgvar samsaxurs gaswevs, rasac misgan micvalebuli moiTxovs. `sTqviT Tu ar vambob simarTles, Tu Cemi sityva mcdaria?~ _ mimarTavs drouli qisti Tvistomebs. drouli qistis es mimarTva xevisber berdias SekiTxvasa hgavs Sekrebili xevsurebisadmi gudanis jvris xatobaze, sadac aludam TviTon daukla ùndomlad moklul Tavis lamaz Zmas~, `mounaTlav mucals~ samsxverplo kurati.

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`xalxo, mindaris gavigo, pasuxi Tqvenis gulisa. dajardiT, xevsurT Svilebo, yvelani _ didni, mcireni~.

samarTali vqnaTo, _ mouwodebs berdia Satilionebs àluda qeTelaurSi~ da TviTonve gamoaqvs ganaCeni: `nu dainanebT, eqmneniT col-Svilis amatireni~. aseve drouli qistis mimarTvaSi jaregelebisadmi: `sTqviT, Tu ar vambob simarTles, Tu Cemi sityva mcdaria...~ _ ukve mocemulia pasuxi-ganaCeni, magram ara `pasuxi gulisa~, vinaidan erTpiradSekruli Temi usityvod, ganuxrelad emorCileba saukuneebiT ganmtkicebul rwmena-warmodgenebs. am rwmena-warmodgenebis simarTle-simtyuvneSi, WeSmariteba-mcdarobaSi aravis jaregelTagans eWvi ar epareba, vinaidan Temis calkeuli wevri ki ar msjelobs rogorc damoukidebeli moazrovne subieqti, Tavis guls ki ar eTaTbireba, _ pasuxi-ganaCeni gaqvavebuli rwmena-warmodgenis saxiT mzadaa rogorc drouli qistis, ise misi Tvistomis SegnebaSi. amitomac yvela dahyveba moxuci qistis TaTbirs, rom zviadaurs cxviridan Zmari adinon, xariviT dahklan igi darlas saflavze da am kanibalisturi aqtiT mezobel duSmanebs uCvenon, rom arc maT aqvT ùjiSo gvaria~. jerjerobiT mwerali ar gviCvenebs, Tu riT miizida zviadauris pirovnebam ase Zlierad joyola, rom misi cnobierebidan myis amoirecxa saukuneebiT dagrovili Jangi am mezobel xalxTa gaTiSulobis, SuRlisa da mtrobisa. jer mis sulze xom ar gaduvlia im did gamwmend qariSxals, ramac aseTi saocari gardatexa moaxdina poema àluda qeTelauris~ mTavari gmiris cnobierebaSi. amitomac zviadauris da joyolas aseTi meyvseuli daaaxloeba, joyolas sityvebi: ès erTi cnoba, xval Zmoba, erTad SevTvisdeT suliTa...~, mainc, ase vTqvaT `mxatvruli avansis~ STabeWdilebas stovebs. joyola martodmarto, `xelxanjriani~ gaegebeba mis saxl-karze momdgar SurisZiebis grZnobiT atanil brbos. magram joyolas Tavdadebuli gamoqomagebac ver Svelis mis

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stumars, radganac irkveva, rom igi qistebis mrbeveli da amomgdebelia, maTi dauZinebeli mteria. poemis mdinarebaSi aqamdec vxvdebodiT gmiris saxis eqspoziciis momentebs: `zviadauris saxeli bavSvmac ki icis mTaSia~. saxeli ki miT gaiTqva zviadaurma, rom `bevr qists maaWra marjvena, udrood saflavs Calala~. amitom uxdeba mas nadirobidan momaval joyolasTan Sexvedrisas Tavisi vinaobis dafarva, Tavisi Tavis Wielel niniad gasaReba. berZnuli tragediis xorosaviT misZaxis Temi zviadauris qomag joyolas: ès iyo mudam, WkvaTxelo, Cvenis gaJletis cdaSia, mglurad ro gveteveboda, ro gvijdeboda gzaSia. ...TviT aman mohkla Seni Zma aryianebSi TofiTa, Cven vicnobT magis saxesa,

gadalesulsa cofiTa. `gaxlavarT zviadauri!~ _ Camogvkioda goriTa; ... aavso fSav-xevsureTi aqiT wasxmulis ZroxiTa. ukan gaudga laSqarsa fexmardi, legis CoxiTa~.

aq erTis SexedviT kacs moeCveneba, TiTqos vaJa ekve dgeba sakuTar kalapotSi _ centraluri gmiri aq iseT xelsaxeb nakveTebSia gamoZerwili, rom WeSmaritad msoflio moqandakeebs SeSurdebodaT; darwmunebuli xarT, rom aravis ar SeeZlo amaze ufro zedmiwevniT gamoekveTa mekobrisa da moTareSis saxe. mainc unda vTqvaT, rom yvelaferi es moyolili, moTxrobilia da ara moqmedebaSi mocemuli. TviTon centraluri saxe zviadaurisa jerjerobiT moqmedebaSi ar gaSlila, ar gamovlinebula da mweralic aqamde sul imis cdaSia, rom poemis gmirebi erTmaneTs Seaxvedros, daajaxos. mkiTxveli gakvirvebuli ikiTxavs, amaze meti dakavSireba, Sexvedra, Sejaxeba saxeebisa raRa iqneba, joyola saukuneobrivi SuRliT gaTiSul tomis Svils, zviadaurs Zmobas eficeba, eubneba èrTad SevTvisdeT suliTo~; zviadauris gulisTvis joyola Temis pirsa stexs, Tems gaudgeba, mis karze momdgar gamZvinvarebul, sisxlismaZiebel brbos Seebmeba martodmarto, erT-erT momxdurTagans mZimed dasWris da sxv. magram aq mJRavndeba erTi, mxatvruli nawarmoebis wvdomisa da SefasebisaTvis gadamwyveti, arsebiTi movlena, rac samwuxarod xSirad SeumCneveli rCeba mwerlisa da literaturis mkvle-

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varisaTvis; saxeldobr is, rom mweralma SeiZleba mxatvruli saxeebi erTmaneTs ara Tu Seaxvedros, aramed erTmaneTs daajaxos, Seaxalos da SeaTqvifos kidec da, miuxedavad amisa, isini mxatvrulad erTmaneTisagan uaRresad daSoriSorebuli darCnen; rom mweralma SeiZleba nawarmoebis gmirebs Soris aTasnairi urTierToba gaabas da, miuxedavad amisa, am gmirebs erTmaneTTan araferi hqondeT saerTo, erTmaneTTan araferi esaqmebodeT; rom nawarmoebSi movlenebi SeiZleba TvalSeuswrobi siswrafiT icvlebodnen, magram nawarmoebs dinamiuroba akldes. SeiZleba am debulebis moyvana uadgilo iyos vaJas am SesaniSnavi poemis Tundac Sesavali Tavebis ganxilvisas, vinaidan aseTi ambavi Cveulebrivad mTeli Semoqmedebis manZilze mosdiT uniWo mwerlebs da, calkeul SemTxvevaSi, nawarmoebis ama Tu im nawilSi, ama Tu im gadasarbenze, TviT genios mwerlebsac ki. erTob iolad xdeba joyolas da zviadauris daZmobileba. iafad ujdeba mwerals maTi SeTviseba (iafad mxatvruli saSualebebis xarjvis TvalsazrisiT), udardelad, uzrunvelad misdevs erTmaneTs am daaxloebis safexurebi. moviyvanoT adgilebi sailustraciod: joyola: `saxli aq jaregas midga, qavi da cixe karada. amaRam CemTan wamodi, me gagiZRvebi Tavada. ... xval TiTon ici, Zmobilo, saiTac ginda iare.

zogs me giambob Cems dardsa, zogic Sen gamiziare~. ... Samoatyaves nadiri, wavidnen jaregaSia, bevri iubnes ambavi, urTerTs gaecnen gzaSia.

joyola stumars cols acnobs: `_ ai stumari moggvare, _ RvTis wyalobaa Cvenzeda; rogorc dagvxvdebi diaco, exla hkidia Senzeda~.

aRazam:

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`stumars abjari wauRo, miipatiJa Sinao; qali misdevda ukana, joyola midis winao, Tan misdevs zviadauri, Zmobili gaiCinao~.

iolad moxda zviadauris, joyolasa da aRazas gacnoba, daaxloeba da urTierTSeTviseba. miuxedavad Cveni udidesi mowiwebisa vaJa-fSavelas ubadlo niWis winaSe, unda vTqvaT, rom poemis siuJetis gaSlis am etapze mwerlis fantazia usaTuod Tavisi gmirebis Sinasamyaris zedapirze curavs. mxatvruli saxis dabadeba, mxatvruli saxeebis urTierTTan gadabma yovelTvis didi siZneleebTan aris dakavSirebuli. iolad ivseba am or tomTa Soris saukuneebiT gaTxrili gaTiSuloba da moZuleobis ufskruli, magram rkinis mkvneteli devi _ Temi Zvirad dausvams pirovnebas saukuneebiT ganmtkicebuli Sexedulebebis, wes-adaTis, rwmena-warmodgenebis tyveobidan gamosvlis cdasac ki. drouli qistis sityvebiT aborgebuli, risxviT atanili jaregelebi miuxtebian joyolas cixe-qavs, rom Seipyran zviadauri da Seswiron darlas suls, `saxRvewar~ kurativiT dahklan mis saflavze. joyolas esmis misi saxlis win atexili mqise xmauroba, gamZvinavarebuli brbos griali. is ar Seudrkeba misi ojaxis asaklebad moseuli mezoblebis xanjlebis trials, TviTonac `xelxanjriani~ Seupovrad gamouvardeba Tavdamsxmelebs. joyola aRSfoTebulia, rom mas `karad~ miuxdnen, rom mis ojaxs pativs hyrian, mis stumars mis Tvalwin TokiT hboWaven, mis kacobas fexqveS `tylapiviT sTelaven~. joyola gamxecebuli jaregelebis Segonebasac ki lamobs, agonebs maT, rom isini mTis yvela tomebSi ase saTayvanebel stumar-maspinZlobis `sauflo~ wess arRveven. jaregelebis SemoZaxilis sapasuxod, rom zviadaurma misi Zma mohkla aryianebSi TofiTo, miugebs: `dRes stumaria eg Cemi, Tund zRva emarTos sisxlisa, miTac me ver vuRalateb, vficav RmerTs, qmnili imisa. me gTxov gauSva, musao, nu stanjav udierada. roca gascdeba Cems ojaxs, iq moepyariT avada.

vis gauyidav stumari? qisteTs sad Tqmula ambada? ra davaSave iseTi, rom momixediT karada? Tvis rjuli dagviwyebiaT, mitom iqceviT mcdarada; Cems ojaxs pasuxs riT aZlevT? saxlSi xarT, gana Sarada!~

joyola Zvel tradiciebs iSveliebs, jaregelebs bralsa sdebs, rom isini stumar-maspinZlobis sauflo wess arRveven,

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rom stumris gacema, gayidva qisteTs odiTgan ar Tqmula ambad. is TiTqos marto imiT aris aRSfoTebuli, rom jaregelebi usamarTlod iqcevian, rom maT misi saxl-karis xelSeuxebloba daarRvies, misi saxli Sarad aqcies; TiTqos is zviadaurs uyurebs mxolod, rogorc mis saxlSi droebiT TavSefarebul stumars, da ise ki aras daudevs, Tu ra mouva am ukanasknels, roca igi misi saxlis zRurbls gascdeba: `roca gascdeba Cems ojaxs, iq moepyariT avada~. magram, ra Tqma unda, joyola da aRaza arc imisdami iqnebian gulgrilni, Tu rogor moepyrobian zviadaurs, roca igi maT ojaxs dastovebs; amas poemis Semdgomi ganviTareba da gansakuTrebiT finali amtkicebs. ar iqnebian gulgrilni imitom, rom, rogorc zemoT vTqviT, joyola da aRazas zviadaurTan ukve akavSirebs ara marto stumarTmoyvareobis tradicia, aramed pirovnuli gancdebi. isini pirovnuli simpaTiiT, TanagrZnobiT arian gamsWvalulni zviadauris mimarT, isini ukve aRweven Tavs `koleqtiur~, Temur gancdaemociebs, rwmena-warmodgenebs. da Temic cdilobs gons moiyvanos gandgomis gzaze damdgari pirovneba: _ `ras ambob, Stero, ras ambob? raT ar modixar cnebasa? mosisxle stumris gulisTvis ZuZus vin mosWris dedasa?!~ _ SemouZaxes qistebma erTxmad, Zlierad, WeqiTa.

magram Temis am orpir mrisxane SemoZaxilsac ver mohyavs gons joyola, romelic ukve eziara axal adamianur azrebs, romlis gulSi ukve iRviZebs pirovnuli, individualuri fiqri da grZnoba. gons ver mohyavs, radgan joyola grZnobs, rom dromoWmul tradiciebis tyveobaSi myofi Temis ZuZu mas aqamde awovebda mtrobisa da gautanlobis Sxams ùrjulod~ miCneul mezobel tomis Svilebis mimarT. magram joyolam ukve igema sxva tomis, sxva rjulis, sxva `mTis da wylis~ adamianis SeTvisebis, Setkbobis, megobrobisa da Zmobis siame. amitom joyola winaRudgeba erTpirad Sekrul Temis neba-survils. magram damyayebuli wes-adaTebis, gaqvavebuli rwmena-warmodgenebis tyveobaSi myofi Temi aras daudevs individumis,

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pirovnebis gancdebs. Temis piris gamtexs, misi `sarCevis damrRvevs~, `giaur~ zviadauris dasacavad Temze amxedrebul joyolas emuqrebian, rom misi saqme `cerad wava~, rom Temi mainc Tavisas gaitans: `Sen da Sen stumars, orives, erTad gadgisvriT beqiTao~. da, rogorc ki scada joyolam winaaRmdegobis gaweva, Temis risxva daatyda mas Tavs: joyolas Tavze daeca mTeli qistebis jaria, xeli Saukres... ar misces neba, exmara xmalia...

xel-fexSekruli derefans daagdes, rogorc mkvdaria. wyevla xalxisa Weqaa, nafurTxi – wvimis cvaria.

am Sejaxebis dros joyolas mier daWrili musac wamoiyvanes, `zviadauric stania~... da ai aq iwyeba arsebiTad is didi sanaxaoba, gamomJRavneba adamianis gulis Seudrekelobis, gautexaobis, `Wirsa Sigan gamagrebisa~, rac udides Zvrebs axdens, Semobrunebas iwvevs aRazasa da joyolas gulSi da romelic gamoxmaurebas hpoulobs TviT `rkinis mkvnetav devis~ msgavs Temis SegnebaSi. TokiT SeboWil zviadaurs sasaflaosken miaTreven, rom micvalebulTa kultis kanibalisturi wesi Seasrulon – ùpatrono mkvdars~ dauklan samsxverplo pirutyviviT, rom amiT mas suleTSi mona gauCinon. SurisZieba am SemTxvevaSi msxverplad dasaxul pirisaTvis amqveyniuri mzis dabnelebiT ar sruldeba. igi ìm qveyanaSic~, suleTSi misdevs samsxverplod ganwiruls, rom mas saukuno monoba ganumzados. rogor uWiravs Tavi zviadaurs am samZimo `sikvdilsicocxlis~ wuTebSi, roca mas ara Tu sicocxles uspoben, aramed misi rwmena-warmodgenebis adamianisaTvis eWvmiutanel, maradiul monobas umzadeben `suleTSi~? ras ambobs zviadauri? saxe raTa aqvs mtknaria?

ram `gaumtknara~ mas saxe, ram gaafiTra? xom ar aitana igi Zrwolam moaxloebuli sikvdilis, `SaveTSi~ gamgzavrebis winaSe? vaJas sxva leqsis eniT rom vTqvaT, zviadauris guls `cecxli edeba brazisa~, magram zviadaurs brazi axrCobs ara imis gamo, rom mas sicocxles uspoben, aramed imitom, rom ase

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usaxelod iRupeba: `boRma mitom hklavs vaJkacsa, rom xelT ara aqvs xmalia~. rogorc zemoT vTqviT, vaJas bevri lirikuli da sagmiro leqsi dakvirvebuli ganxilvisas kacs erTgvar etiudad, mosamzadebel safexurad warmoudgeba misi iseTi Rrma ideuri ganwyobis mqone nawarmoebebisaTvis, rogoricaa àluda qeTelauri~, `stumar-maspinZeli~, `baxtrioni~, `gvelis mWameli~ da sxv. aq uneburad gagondebaT gigis mamis godeba qistebze galaSqrebisas daRupul Svilze (leqsidan `gigi~): _ mamam raRa sTqva Tinibeqm, ambav ro uTxres Svilisa? _ gul CaimjiRa, Cafiqrda, ali ahvarda pirisa:

`rad ar acales rjulZaRlTa vefxvs erTxel gasma kbilisa? moklan, Tu mokles, raRa vqna, wes eg ario gmirisa!~

anda gaixseneT imave leqsis dasawyisi: _ gigis Tof dahkres qistebma, sisxlma daiwyo wkriali. aRar acales rjulZaRlTa, franguls gaeRo kriali. gvenaxa arwivis mosvla, weroT daqsaqsva, griali.

zviadauric sxvas aras sCivis, garda imisa, rom ubrZolvelad, usaxelod iRupeba: `CamigdeT xelSi, ZaRlebo, kargi dagidgaT daria~, _ ambobs igi dinjad da dadumdeba. dumili zogjer enawylian saubarze ufro metis mTqmelia. es Zunwi amoZaxili sasikvdilod ganwiruli vaJkacis sulisa, romelic exmaureba vaJas Sedevris _ àrwivis~ striqonebs: `vah, dedas Tqvensa, yovebo, cud dros CagigdavT xelada, Toro vnaxavdi Tqvens bumbuls gaSlils, gafantuls velada~, _ ufro Rrmad Slis gmiris saxes, vidre grZeli paTetiuri monologi bevri nawarmoebisa. mihyavdaT sasaflaoze, sadac qistebis mkvdaria, unda Tavis mkvdars Seswiron, rom iq uzidos wyalia, msaxurad hyavdes, morCilad da gaubandos jRania...

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qistebi zviadaurs ara marto barbarosuli sikvdiliT dasjas, aramed saukuno monobas umzadeben. maT pirvelyofil warmodgenebs adamianis mier adamianis Cagvra da damoneba imqveyniur samyaroSic gadaaqvT. es damoneba maT warmoudgeniaT ara rogorc uaRresad fizikuri, xelsaxebi, zviadaurma `wyali unda uzidos, jRani gaubandos da yovelgvari samsaxuri, rasac misgan micvalebuli moiTxovs, TavgamodebiT, erTgulad unda Seasrulos~.1 misTvis ganmzadebul satanjvels zviadauri miT ufro mwvaved unda ganicdides, rom isic ar aris Tavisufali micvalebulis kultTan dakavSirebul im warmodgenebisagan, rom amqveynadac SeiZleba adamiani gaxdes adamianis mona, msaxuri, rom monoba imqveynadac grZeldeba. amis damadasturebel cnobas iZleva maqsim kovalevski Tavis cnobil gamokvlevaSi `Закон и обычай на Кавказе~ da romlsac imowmebs engelsi Tavis zemoTcitirebul naSromSi _ òjaxis, kerZo sakuTrebis da saxelmwifos warmoSoba~. am gamokvlevis 120-e gverdze vkiTxulobT: «Судоустройство хевсур и тушин стоит еще на первоначальной ступени посредничества... важнейшим средством к установлению судебной достоверности является соприсяга родственников и соседей от 4-12, смотря по важности дела и присяга ответчика, еще сохранившая вполне характер символического действия, близкого по своей природе к ордалии. Символы употребляемые при клятвенном заявлении истины на суде, весьма разнообразны, так, например, в случае подозрения в убийстве – 12 родственников обвиняемого выходит в Хевсуретии на могилу убитого и надрезав себе ухо настолько глубоко, чтобы кровь могла течь из него на могилу, произносят следующее: "Да сделаемся мы рабами покойника, если убийство совершено нашим родственником". В Тушетии известен тот-же вид присяги, но в несколько измененной форме. Родственники убитого ведут подозреваемого в убийстве на могилу покойника, делают надрез на его ухе и, когда кровь начнет капать на могилу, заставляют его произнести тоже заклинание, что и в Хевсуретии».

1

ixile vaJas ganmarteba werilSi "Pro doma sua", yubaneiSvili, `vaJa-fSavela~, gv. 283.

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ase rom, ara marto msxverplis mimtani qistebis, aramed `samsxverplo~ zviadauris TvalsazrisiTac mas ara mxolod mokvlas, aramed saukuno monobaSi Cagdebasac upireben. momxiblavi dilis peizaJi kidev ufro Semzaravad xdis gaTokili zviadauris svlas golgoTaze. SurisZiebis mxecur afeqts ayolili mTeli sofeli mieSureba `mdumare, naRvar beqisaken~, qistebis sasaflaosken, sadac ueno, gaumaZRari miwa sWams bevri gullomi vaJkacis guls. aRazas garda damswreTagan aravis ebralvis zviadauri: yvelas uxaris mis mokvla, an vin daiwyebs glovasa...

aq iwyeba poemis yvelaze ufro Zlieri gadasasvleli. mwerlis fantazia arwiviseburad Slis frTebs, dagelaobs da hyivis. TiTqos advili amocana dgas sasaflaosken gamoSurebuli brbos winaSe. mTelma sofelma Tavi unda mohkveTos gaTokil zviadaurs. asTaviani devic rom iyos zviadauri, mainc moaxerxebs gamZvinvarebuli brbo Tavisi ganzraxvis Sesrulebas, magram, rogorc zemoT vTqviT, qistebs swadiaT sulierad modrikon, daijabnon, laCrad aqcion zviadauri da amrigad `suleTSi~ Carekon, Calalon igi, rogorc TavianTi mkvdris mona-msaxuri. zviadaurma icis maTi ganzraxva da sulier Zalebs ikrebs mTeli Tavisi arsebiT ebrZvis es adamiani gamZvinvarebul, gacofebul brbos. iwyeba daZabuli brZola, ara nakleb warmtaci da mimzidveli, vidre aludas da mucalis orTaSua brZola, oRond igi umTavresad sulier sferoSi mimdinareobs. masis fsiqiuri ieriSi zviadaurze mimdinareobs sasaflaos idumalebiT mocul, raRac mistiuri JrJolismomgvrel garemoSi, romelic iseT STabeWdilebas hqmnis, TiTqos stiqiis napirebs xarT mimdgari: soflisa gaRma goria, damwvari, qviSiania, bevri wevs iqa vaJkaci, gul-lomi, jiSiania; Zirs mosdgams beqi mdumare,

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naRvari, Tixiania, xmal-xanjris, Tofis mxmareTa ara sZgers guli magari; imaT Wams miwa ueno, sastiki, gaumaZRari.

am garemoSi brbos ieriSi SeboWil zviadaurze raRac magiuri mRvdelTmsaxurebis xasiaTs Rebulobs. masSi mTeli masa Rebulobs monawileobas, magram dasawyisSi masis mestvired, berZnuli tragediis gundis xelmZRvaneliviT, kultis msaxuri _ mola gamodis. icvleba TviT leqsis intonacia, raRac moswrafebul, sulmouTqmel ritmSi mimdinareobs molas infernaluri gabaaseba darlas sulTan: ai saflavic qistisa, xalxi moertya garsao, mola mohyveba locvasa, ixsenebs Tavis mkvdarsao: `nu itanjebi, darlao,

nu Seiwuxeb Tavsao, movsdeqiT Seni moZmeni Senis samaris karsao, msxverplsaca gwiravT, ixare, ar gaWmevT mtrisa javrsao~.

molas sityvebSi igrZnoba gvarovnul-patriarqaluri adamianis SegnebaSi ase mtkiced gamjdari rwmena `suleTSi~ gadasaxlebul TanamoZmeTa, ganuyrel, organul kavSirSi yofnisa. maTi gvartomis cocxlad darCenil adamianebTan iluzia geqmnebaT, TiTqos Sewiruli msxverplis momlodine darla marTlac usmens mis saflavSi CaZaxil sasixarulo ambavs, TiTqos mkvdarTa samefo bans aZlevso gamZvinvarebul brbos, romelsac yovel wuTSi SeuZlia nakuw-nakuw aqcios gaTokili zviadauri. yvelaferi ise ewyoba, rom zviadauri unda galaCrdes, gatydes. TiTqos man unda moidrikos qedi. magram SurisZiebis eqstaziT atanil brbos upirispirdeba titaniseburi nebisyofis, gautexeli gamZleobis mqone, lomguli vaJkaci. ra SeakrTobs, ra gastexs mTasaviT udrek zviadaurs, `ra mosdreks warbdaRrublilsa, CaJangebulsa mTasa~-o. amaod xom ar iqadian cadawvdili bumberazebi vaJas leqsSi `mTaT miTxres~: `gvicnia Seudrekloba mTas dakerebuls mTazeda~-o. `sakiris cecxli edeba samsxverplos gulisTqmas~, magram ara SiSi da Zrwola dauflebia zviadaurs, aramed sibrazisa da risxvis cecxli edeba mis guls, rom `cud dros Caigdes xelada~. zviadauri ar drkeba, ar laCrdeba, igi mxolod imaze fiqrobs, rom gaucudos cofmoreul liangs ganzraxva: _ ZaRl iyos Tqvenis mkvdrisada! _ vaJkaci iRebs xmasao,

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bewvs iSlis brazmoreuli, rogorac vefxvi _ Tmasao.

magram ai sikvdilis msaxvreli xeli ukve exeba samsxverplod gamzadebul xevsurs. àqceven zviadaursa, yelSi abjenen xmalsao~. da molas locvas, romelic (ise, rogorc xevisberi berdia) Temis mesityved, mis gancdaTa da warmodgenaTa organizatorad, SurisZiebis cecxlis gamRviveblad gamodis am magiur mRvdelTmsaxurebaSi, scvlis masis eqstaturi SeZaxili: `darlasamc Saewirebi!~. gamZvinvarebuli liangis mkerdSi TiTqos erTi guli sZgers. aq ukve saocari simZafris mqone orTaSua brZolasTan ki ara gvaqvs saqme, rogorc es iyo mucalis da aludas Sejaxebisas. brZola warmoebs TokiT SeboWvil, darlas saflavze samsxverplo xariviT wamoqceul, yelSi xmalmibjenil zviadaursa da SurisZiebis grZnobiT aRtyinebul mravalricxovan brbos Soris. SeiZleba dauZaleblad iTqvas, rom es `bataluri~ scenac, ise rogorc kaJiani TofebiT SeiaraRebul aludasa da mucals Soris gamarTuli dueli, Tavisi daWimulobiT, gancdaTa simZafriT erTaderTi da ganumeorebelia msoflio literaturaSi. sityva bataluri TiTqos aq uadgilo da Seusabamoa. ra brZola unda gaumarTos xelfexSekrulma adamianma gamZvinvarebul brbos _ mTel sofels? fizikurad marTlac aRar ZaluZs zviadaurs winaaRmdegobis gaweva, amitomac edeba sakiris cecxli mis gulisTqmas, amitomac `bewvs iSlis brazmoreuli, rogorac vefxvi _ Tmasao~, magram sulierad igi ar drkeba, ar laCrdeba, qeds ar ixris mtrebisa da sikvdilis winaSe, igi JrJolismomgvreli sikerpiT, SeudrekelobiT ganagrZobs brZolas. `ZaRl iyos Tqveni mkvdrisada~, saxeSi axlis uiaraRo, xelebSekruli zviadauri masze moseul xmal-xanjlebiT SeiaraRebul brbos. erTis SexedviT kacs moeCveneba, rom es stereotipuli fraza `ZaRl iyos Tqvenis mkvdrisada!~, romelsac JamisJams wamoisvris xolme zviadauri brbos erToblivi sakraluri daZaxilis sapasuxod, ubralo salanZRavi, saTrevali frazaa, romelsac `gulis mosafxanad~, misi mtanjveli brbos Seuracxsayofad wamoiZaxebs xolme zviadauri. fSav-xevsurTa da saerTod kavkasiis mTis xalxTa rwmena-warmodgenebis ufro Rrma Seswavla ki gviCvenebs, rom es `ZaRl iyos Tqvenis

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mkvdrisada~ ubralo salanZRavi fraza ki ar aris, aramed magiuri, sakraluri formulaa, romelic upirispirdeba kanibalisturi mRvdelTmsaxurebis eqstaziT Sepyrobili brbos aseve sakralur SeZaxils _ `darlasamc Saewirebi~, da romelmac zviadauris suli `SaveTSi~ unda gaistumros darlas saukuno monad. zviadauri imave iaraRiT ebrZvis masze moseul brbos, romliTac es ukanaskneli cdilobs mis modrekas, dalaCrebas da saiqios saukuno monobaSi gastumrebas. vaJa-fSavela ase ganmartavs zviadauris qcevis azrs misi msxverplad Sewirvis momentSi: `rom SeSinebuliyo zviadauri, am sityvebs veRar ityoda da maSin SeSinebuli iqneboda, gaxdeboda qistis mona saiqios. magram radgan igi ukanasknel amoqSenamde ar Sedrka, ar gatyda, ar moixara qedi winaSe mtrebisa da sikvdilisa, igi darCa Tavisufal xevsurad, vaJkacad, xolo darla gawbilebuli, daukmayofilebeli~.1 magram ismis sakiTxi, Tu ra iseTi gansakuTrebuli Zala aqvs zviadaurisa da TviT mis msxverplad Semwirav qistebis rwmena-warmodgeniT am frazas – `ZaRl iyos Tqvenis mkvdrisada~, rom mas SeuZlia saukuno monobisagan ixsnas zviadauris suli? am sakiTxs naTels hfens m. kovalevskis zemoT citirebuli wignis "Закон и обычай на Кавказе" erTi adgili; saxeldobr 121-e gverdze vkiTxulobT Semdegs: «Весьма распространенным и в высшей степени любопытным видом судебной присяги одинаково и в Хевсуретии и в Тушетии является та, которая приносится над кошкой. Обвиняемый в прелюбодеянии и убийстве, нередко даже и в воровстве, берет палку и, ударяя ею по кошке, говорит: «Пусть эта кошка будет посвящена моим покойникам (или, точнее, пускай она пойдет моим покойникам), если я говорю неправду». Чтобы понять смысл и значение этой присяги, надо иметь в виду, что согласно религиозным верованиям Авесты, часть которых доселе продолжает держаться в Хевсуретии в форме народных суеверий, кошка считается порождением Аримана или злого начала и потому существом нечистым. Посвятить ее покойникам равнозначительно поэтому осквернению их; такое действие не может пройти безследно для по1

ixile vaJas werili "Pro doma sua", mogvyavs s. yubaneiSvilis wignidan `vaJafSavela~, Tbilisi, saxelgami, 1937 w.

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томка, так как души усопших мстительны и жестоки. Лжеприсягателя ожидает поэтому неминуемое возмездие. Та же приверженность, по крайней мере, в старые годы к культу Авесты, является источником существования в Хевсуретии еще следующего вида присяги: собаку, это посвященное Ормузду животное, убивают, после чего она становится жилищем злых духов. Над трупом собаки заставляют произнести клятву, смысл которой составляет посвящение покойникам этого, сделавшегося нечистым, предмета. Подобного рода присяга связывает совесть хевсура или тушина в большей степени чем все остальные». amis damadasturebel saintereso cnobas vpoulobT agreTve sakavSiro mecnierebaTa akademiis saq. filialis enis, istoriis da materialuri kulturis institutis mier 1940 w. gamocemul SromebSi _ `masalebi saqarTvelos eTnografiisaTvis~ (tomi 3). am wignis 55-e gv. (Tavi: `micvalebulis kulti arxotis TemSi~) vkiTxulobT Semdegs: `Tu cils swamebdnen qals an mamakacs, is Tavis gasamarTleblad romelime saxlis banze avidoda, ZaRls daiWerda xelSi an katas da banidan xmamaRla ityoda: "vinac me qurdobas mabralebs (an enis mitan-motanas), maSin imis sayureblada-d soflis sayureblada-d viZax, Tu me am saqmeSi damnaSave viyva da marTla ar viyv, maSin es ZaRli iyvas Cemis mkvdrisa, am ZaRlis sisxli gadavasxi CemT mkvdarT saflavze da Tu ara da vinac me mabralebs tyuilad, maSin ZaRl imis mkvdrisad iyosa-d, amis sisxl gadaesxas imis mkvdarT saflavze~. ZaRls samjer magrad joxs dahkravda da ZaRli rom awkmutundeboda, daumatebda: `mtyuvnis mkvdarT saflavzedamc awkmutundebis ees ZaRl eesr~; Tu kata eWira xelSi, katas samjer `dahkravda~ (`daanarcxebda~) miwaze da ityoda: `cica iyos imis mkvdris sapirisxsno, vinac mtyuan as~. xSirad Tavis gamarTlebis dros ZaRls Tofsac dahkravdnen (moklavdnen TofiT) da ityodnen: èeg ZaRlis sisxliTam eziarebina, gadainaTlebiana, mtyuvnis mkvdris sulniTo~. Tu sofelSi raime daikargeboda da ver ipovnidnen, katas moklavdnen da xalxis gasasvlel gzaze Camokidebdnen. kata qurdis `mkvdarT sawiravad~ iyo mokluli da Camokidebuli. am magiurma sakralurma formulam _ `ZaRl iyos Tqvenis mkvdrisada~ unda gaacudos, gaaqarwylos religiuri eqsta-

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ziT Sepyrobili brbos SeZaxili: `darlasamc Saewirebi~. amitomac imeorebs zviadauri am magiur formulas aseTi daJinebiT, TiTqos antiuri tragediis strofi da anti-strofi Sebmia erTmaneTs sapaeqrod, uRond im gansxvavebiT, rom `stumar-maspinZlis~ erT strofSi albaT ramdenime aseuli gamZvinvarebuli adamianis gancdebia gamoxatuli, meoreSi ki erTaderTi xelfexSekruli adamianisa. magram absoluturi, ucilebeli mxatvruli damarwmuneblobiT gviCvenebs vaJafSavela, rom ZalTa am gasaocari uTanasworobis dros erTi adamiani sulierad sZlevs gamZvinvarebul liangs. `darlasamc Saewirebi~, _ SeueWvebeli darwmunebiT dasZaxis brbo. `ZaRl iyos Tqvenis mkvdrisada~, _ saxeSi axlis brbos zviadauri. mTeli Temi monawileobs mkvlelobaSi, rom rogorme modrikon gautexeli kerpi vaJkaci: `hyvirian, Tanac nel-nela yelSi urWoben xmalsao~. magram ukanasknel amosunTqvamde ganagrZobs zviadauri am uTanasworo, SemaZrwunebel brZolas gamZvinvarebul brbosTan: `ZaRl iyos~, yelSi xrialiT dasZaxis zviadauri: `ZaRl iyos~, _ yelSi ambobda, manam mosWridnen Tavsao.

da aq xdeba gadamwyveti, adamianis fiqrisaTvis erTi SexedviT miuwvdomeli Semobruneba poemis mdinarebaSi. Zrwola da SiSi eufleba ara yelSi danagayril SurisZiebis msxverpls, aramed SurismgebelT, msxverplis mimtanT. Cven vfiqrobT, uadgilo ar iqneba zviadauris qcevis Sedareba gogolis aseTsave gmirul epiur tonSi dawerili nawarmoebis `taras bulbas~ gmiris _ ostapis qcevasTan sajarod wamebis dros, romelic fsiqologiurad ase axlo dgas zviadauris sikvdilis scenasTan. gogolis fantazias am nawarmoebSi (iseve, rogorc vaJas am poema-dramaSi) izidavs gmirulisa da amaRlebulis paTosi. aqac mocemulia didi vnebebis, gmiruli sulis adamianebi. am nawarmoebSi gogoli SaravandediT mosavs Seudrekeli, gautexavi xasiaTis mqone adamianebis sulier Zalas. ostapis

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sikvdiliT dasjis scenaSi udidesi Sinagani eqspresiiT aris gamovlinebuli es sikerpe, Seudrekeloba. TiTqmis calmxrivad, adamianis sxva sulier TvisebaTa xarjze aqvs ganviTarebuli mwerals ostapis xasiaTis es gansacvifrebeli Seudrekeloba, sikerpe. magram wamebis dros ostapsac ki hRalatobs sulieri simtkice. [...] Seudrekeli ostapis suliero Zalebic ki amoiwura, xevsuruli sityva-qceviT rom vTqvaT, `sulameas~ (sulis amosvlis) dros. saWiro gaxda tarasis gaCena moedanze, sadac awamebdnen tyve kazakebs, rom mas ostapisaTvis vaJkacobis axali energia STaebera. momakvdavi zviadauri ki, Tumca mas ufro da ufro Rrmad uyrian yelSi xmlebs, warbs ar ixris, Tvals ar axamxamebs, ar idrikeba: sicocxle hqreba, sisxli dis, zviadauri kvdeboda, guli ver mohkla mtris xelma, guli guladve rCeboda.

am SedarebiT, dapirispirebiT Cven ar gvinda vTqvaT TiTqos vaJam `stumar-maspinZelSi~ mxatvrulis TvalsazrisiT vaJkacobis da gmirobis ufro srulyofili saxe Seqmna, vidre gogolma `taras bulbaSi~. zviadauris xasiaTi bolomde gatanilia iseve, rogorc ostapisa `taras bulbaSi~, da ai ratom: ostapma saamqveyno gza gaasrula, roca igi eSafotze Sesdga; amitom mwerals ufleba aqvs (mxatvruli saxis Tanmimdevruli ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT) dauSvas wuTieri Sesusteba, gatexva nebisyofisa, rac ostaps warmoaTmqvinebs: `Батько, где ты? Слышишь ли ты!~. ostapis am wamoZaxils araviTari bzari ar Seaqvs misi xasiaTis mTlianobaSi, piriqiT, igi axal adamianur nakvTs, axal Tvisebas Slis ostapis xasiaTSi. absoluturad bolomde miyvanil Seudrekelobas, sikerpes, zviadaurisebr warbSeuxrelobas gansakuTrebuli mxatvruli funqcia ar eqneboda gogolis am nawarmoebSi. piriqiT, erTgvari SekrToma, mamis moxmoba `sulis amosvlis~ momentSi mwerals ostaturad aqvs gamoyenebuli axali siuJeturi kvanZis gamosanaskvad (ukrainelTa axali laSqroba poloneli panebis winaaRmdeg, romelSiac did rols TamaSobs tarasis SurisZieba Svilis mokvlisaTvis).

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arsebiTad gansxvavebuli situacia gvaqvs `stumar-maspinZelSi~. aq swored maSin iwyeba gadamwyveti momenti poemis siuJetis ganviTarebaSi, swored maSin xdeba zviadauris xasiaTis gaxsna moqmedebaSi da poemis sxva gmirebis xasiaTis gardaqmna, maTi Zireuli Semobruneba, rodesac zviadaurs mis golgoTaze _ qistebis sasaflaoze aiyvanen da yelSi xmals miabjenen. `sulis amosvlis~ momentSi absoluturi simtkicis, Seudrekelobis gamomJRavnebiT zviadaurma Tavi unda ixsnas saSineli xvedrisagan _ `suleTSi~ saukuno monobisagan. man Tavisi qceviT unda sZlios, gaawbilos ara marto darla, romlis sulisaTvis Sesawirad hklaven zviadaurs, aramed TviT msxverplis mimtani, SurisZiebis grZnobiT aRtyinebuli brbo da `suleTSi gadasuli~ Tvistomni darlasi, romlebic xevsurTa rwmena-warmodgeniT aqtiurad monawileoben SurisZiebis aqtis ganxorcielebaSi. amis damadasturebel cnobas vpoulobT SromaSi _ `masalebi saqarTvelos eTnografiisaTvis~ (tomi 3, gv. 11, winasityvaoba); `xevsurTa Zveli rwmena-warmodgenebiT saiqioSic TiToeuli gvari cal-calke sufevs _ àndabandabad~. maSasadame, Temur-patriarqaluri warmodgenebis tyveobaSi myofi adamianis rwmena-warmodgeniT gvar-tomobrivi gaTiSuloba, izolireba `suleTSic~ grZeldeba. `suleTis~, saaqaos cxovrebaze. iqve, citirebuli naSromis meore gverdze vkiTxulobT: `gvarebis mixedviT iyo agreTve dayofili xevsuruli sasaflao. igi gvarebis mamaTganyofilebis mixedviTac ki nawildeboda. mag., barisaxoSi sasaflao arabulebis Semdegi mamaTganyofilebis ubnebisagan Sedgeba: `xornaulTa~, `ficxelaurTa~, `TinibequrTa~, `bulalaurTa~ da `sisaurTa~. amave naSromis 61-e gverdze vkiTxulobT: `saiqios yvelafers adre gaigeben, Tu samzeos vis ra moelis. pirvelad suleTSi gaarCeven samzeos bed-iRbals, samzeos saiqios ganaCenis Tanaxmad moxdeba yvelaferi... samzeos Tu mtrebi arian Sesarigebeli, Zalian bevric rom ecadon `rjulis kacebi~, ver Searigeben, sanam saiqios ar gadawyveten maT Serigebas. agreTve Tu vinmem samzeos kaci mohkla, amasac saiqios gadawyveten. rodesac mosisxle mtrebs arigeben, jer saiqioSi unda Searigon. sanam `suleTs~ ar daasxdebian rjulis kacni da ar gaarCeven maT saqmes, manamde

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samzeos mosisxle mtrebs ver Searigeben. maTi Serigeba ar moxdeba, sanam suleTidan xels ar moumarTaveno. rodesac samzeoSi moxdeba mkvleloba, rogorc aq gadaemterebian erTmaneTs gvarebi, agreTve suleTSiac, _ iqac àirevian~. rac samzeos moxdeba gaWirveba Tu dalxineba..., `suleTSiac~ mkvdrebi monawileobas Rebulobeno~. amitomac zviadauri erkineba ara marto Tavis xilul mtrebs, gamZvinvarebul jaregelebs, aramed maT gverdSi amomdgar, uCinar mopirdapireebs, agreTve SurisZiebis grZnobiT aRtyinebul darlas Tvistomebs. amitom esaWiroeba zviadaurs mTeli sulieri Zalebis mokreba, titanuri nebisyofis, gamZleobis gamoCena. misi guli, rogorc vaJa ambobs, ukanasknel àmoqSenamde~ ver unda mohklas mtris xelma, guli guladve unda darCes, Torem igi veRar moaxerxebs warmosTqvas sakraluri fraza: `ZaRl iyos Tqvenis mkvdrisada~, da is Sewiruli iqneba, gaxdeba qistis mona saiqioSi. zviadauri kvdeba Tavisufal xevsurad, da mas swams, rom `suleTSi~ Tavisianebs aseve Tavisufali da qedmouxreli miuva. amitom ar SeeZlo vaJas zviadauris sikvdilis momentSi daeSva Tundac iseTi wuTieri sulieri mouZlureba, Sedrkoma, rac gaismis ostapis momxmob godebaSi: "Батько, где ты? Слышишь ли ты!". zviadaurs `sulis amosvlis wuTebSi~ guli ar asCvilebia, mas aravisTvis, arc naTesavisaTvis, arc maxloblisTvis ar mouxmia, vinaidan mas ufro didi saqme, saukuno monobisagan Tavis daRweva edo win. magram moxmobis gareSec hpova zviadauris qcevam, mis mier gamomJRavnebulma sworupovarma vaJkacobam gamoxmaureba mis irgvliv Semojarul xalxSi. es gamoxmaureba ar aris dev-gmir bulbaseburi daquxeba "Слышу!", romelmac SeakrTo misi Svilis wamebaze saTvalseirod Sekrebili mravalricxovani panebis brbo. es aris `tanad alya~, `cidam moclil varskvlavis~ aRazas yru, gulSi Cakluli qviTini. aqamde mxolod stumar-maspinZlobis tradiciuli grZnoba akavSirebda aRazas zviadaurTan. pirvelad aRazas sulSi iwvevs zviadauris gmiruli sikvdili im did sulier Zrwolas, kaTarzisis msgavs, sulis gamwmend qariSxals, romelic anTavisuflebs mis Segnebas gvarovnul-

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patriarqaluri rwmena-warmodgenebidan, romelic ganuzomlad afarToebs mis horizonts, gamohyavs igi Temur-patriarqaluri samyaros SezRudulobisagan: da am suraTis mnaxveli erTi diaci bndeboda, cremlebs malavda lamazi, xalxze ukana dgeboda.

magram aRaza ara marto Cumad hRvris cremlebs, mas zviadauris saSveladac miuwevs guli. imdenad mZlavria es axali grZnoba, romelic aRazas gulSi aRiZra ucxo rjulis sworupovari vaJkacisadmi, rom igi mzad aris TavianTi Tvistomebi msxverplad miitanos zviadauris dasaxsnelad: miSvelebasa hlamobda: `nu hklavT!~ _ eZaxis gulio. fiqrobda brazmoreuli: `netavi momca culio,

netavi nebas maZlevdes dedakacobis rjulio, rom eg vacocxlo, sxvas yvelas gavafrTxobino sulio~.

aRazas gulSi sasikvdilod ganwiruli zviadaurisadmi sibralulis grZnobasTan erTad ifeTqebs raRac amaRlebuli trfialebis grZnobac. is Sehnatris imas, visac zviadauri grZnobas unawilebda: `netavi imas, vinaca magis mklavzeda wveboda, visica mkerdi, aw kruli magis gul-mkerdsa swvdeboda! netavi imas odesme qmris trfoba gaucvdeboda?!.~

àluda qeTelaurisagan~ gansxvavebiT vaJa-fSavelas `stumar-maspinZelSi~ Semoaqvs axali motivi _ satrfialoromantiuli da amdenad struqturulad arTulebs poemas. magram es motivi Cveulebriv xazebSi ar iSleba. amas TviT poemis siuJeti gansazRvravs. rogorc Camavali mzis ukanaskneli sxivi, xalxSi mkvdris mzes rom eZaxian, gaanaTebs es grZnoba aRazas suls. zviadaurisaTvis is Seucnobeli rCeba da igi mxolod mis aCrdils dastrialebs Tavs poemis Semdgom mdinarebaSi; magram Cven Tavs vuswrebT siuJetis ganviTarebas.

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zviadauris saarako, gmiruli sikvdili, misi Seudrekeloba, gautexeloba Tavzardamcem STabeWdilebas axdens ara marto mgrZnobiare aRazaze, aramed masaze, SurisZiebis grZnobiT atanil brboze, romelic am kanibalisturi msxverplis mitanis momentSi sisxlis suniT gamZvinvarebul nadirTa xrovas ufro hgavs, vidre adamianTa krebuls. qistebi jer gaocdnen, rom zviadauri warbs ar ixris, udrekad Sehyurebs TvalSi sikvdils. Semdeg es gaocebas wyromiT, aRSfoTebiT icvleba. amaod, fuWad ixmobda mola suleTidan darlas lands, amaod anugeSebda _ erToblivad mavsdeqiT Seni moZmeni Seni samaris kars, gaixare, msxverplsa gwiravT, mtris javrs ar gaWmevT, damonebul mters gigzavniT msaxurad suleTSio. amaod SehRaRadebda religiuri eqstaziT atanili mTeli Temi `darlasamc Saewirebio~. zviadaurma Tavisi SeudrekelobiT gaacamtvera maTi imedebi, gaacuda maTi qadili. Tavis saarako sikvdiliT man daamtkica, rom erT guls mTel laSqarTan SeuZlia Serkineba: `daklulma dahkla maT guli da gaucrua qadili~. TavisTavad arc zviadauris Segneba dgas am sulieri Widilis, merkineobis dros ufro maRal safexurze, vidre im masis, liangis Segneba, romelic mis msxverplad Sewirvas, suleTSi saukuno monobaSi gastumrebas lamobs. vaJa Tavis poemebs ufro maRal ideur miznebs usaxavs, vidre Tundac saarako vaJkacis, titaniseburi nebisyofis mqone pirovnebis, individis gamarjvebaa Temur rwmena-warmodgenebiT dabrmavebul masaze. aq ori udreki Zala ejaxeba erTmaneTs: kerpi, udreki, qedmouxreli pirovneba da aseve gautexavi `rkinis mkvneteli devis~ msgavsi Temi; da maTi Sejaxebisgan, ise rogorc kvesis da talis Sexlisagan, unda gamokrTes axali Segnebis cecxli, romelic kacobriobas gzas gaunaTebs humanizmis, xalxTa urTierTgagebis, SeTvisebisa da daZmobilebis Tvalwarmtaci mwvervalebisaken. amiT gansxvavdeba vaJas es ori poema (àluda qeTelauri~ da `stumar-maspinZeli~) iseTi poemebisagan, rogoric arian Tundac `giglia~ da sxva, romlebic xalxuri sityvierebisagan momdinare masalis maRalmxatvruli gadamuSavebis nimuSs warmoadgenen, magram maT pir-

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velwyaroSi, xalxur sityvierebaSi mocemul ideur samyaroze didad ver maRldebian. am axali Segnebis pirveli gamokrToma mosCans masis, liangis qcevaSi zviadauris cxedris winaSe. Seuracxyofil brbos undoda nakuw-nakuw eqcia zviadauris cxedari, romelmac gawbilebuli dastova religiuri eqstaziT atanili Temi: SeuracxyofilT undodaT erTad gaeZroT xanjrebi da gaekeTaT mkvdris gvamze sisxliT naRebi fanjrebi.

maT undodaT SeebilwaT, SeeginebiaT zviadauris gvami, magram es maT ver SesZles. maTi erToblivi, gvarovnul-patriarqaluri rwmena-warmodgenebze agebuli nebisyofa gatexilia. maTi erTpiri, SurisZiebis grZnobiT nasazrdovebi gaSmageba, gamZvinvareba sinanulis grZnobiT icvleba: magram ver hbedven, scxveniaT: `codvaa~, _ yvela hfiqrobda. xalxis guli da goneba sasinanulod mihqroda.

maT sibralulis grZnoba aReZraT gulSi, romelic amdenxans TiTqos atrofirebuli iyo ucxo tomis, sxva `mTis da wylis~ adamianis tanjvisadmi, gansakuTrebiT iseTi tomisa da rjulis adamianebisadmi, romelTanac qistebi mudmivi omis mdgomareobaSi imyofebodnen. aki imitomac mosavs gvarovnul-patriarqaluri rwmena-warmodgenebis tyveobaSi myof am adamianTa fantazia gmirobis SaravandediT ucxo `mTis da wylis~, ucxo tomisa da rjulis adamianis dalaSqvras, aoxrebas da ganadgurebas, qeba-didebas asxams am megobruli laSqroba-TareSis gamCaReblebs da xelmZRvanelebs: Congurs ukravda, drouli kaci ram ujda gverdzeda. dahmRerda gmirobisasa, mama-papaTa cdisasa:

rogor arbevden fSav-xevsurT, sisxls ar arCenden Zmisasa; yvelgan madlobas swiraven marjvenas kais ymisasa.

zviadauris msxverplad Sewirvis scenaSi ki erTad `dajarebul~, erTis grZnobiT Sepyrobil, maT xelSi Cavardnili

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mosisxlis mimarT SurisZiebis grZnobiT atanil, kanibalisturi mRvdelTmsaxurebis aqtis Semsrulebel Temis SegnebaSi meyvseulad saocaris dinamiurobiT, magram amave dros udidesi mxatvris damarwmuneblobiT xdeba udidesi Zvrebi, sulieri kataklizmi, berZnuli tragediebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli kaTarzisis msgavsi ganwmenda, gardatexa, Semobruneba, romelsac am SemTxvevaSi ara marto calkeuli gmiri, aramed mTeli masa Tundac erTi wuTiT gamohyavs am gaTiSulobis, izolirebis, urTierTgadakidebis, SuRlisa da mtrobis Segnebidan, rodesac yvelaferi, rac Temis gareSe dgas, uflebisa da moraluri Sefasebis gareSea moTavsebuli. aq es garduvali zRudeebi Tu mTlianad darRveuli da moSlili araa, yovel SemTxvevaSi safuZvlianad Seryeulia. movigonoT, Tu ra erTsulovnad, erTi grZnobiT atanili moiswrafoda mTeli Temi, qali da kaci, didi da patara zviadauris msxverplad Sewirvaze, rogorc gulis da grZnobis damatkbob ram sanaxaobaze. yvela Sehxaroda mis sikvdils. im didi sulieri kataklizmis Semdeg ki, romelic gamoiwvia zviadauris saarako Serkinebam mtrebTan da sikvdilTan, qistTa Temi mis mimarT ukve codva-madlis cnebas iyenebs, mas moraluri kategoriis qveS ayenebs. mas glovobs ara marto aRaza, msxverpl-mitanaze Sekrebili xalxis guli da goneba sinanulis grZnobiT ivseba. dahnandaT jaregelebs kargi ymis sikvdili, igrZnes maT mier Temuri wes-adaTis karnaxiT Cadenili SurisZiebis aqtis mTeli simxece. amiT Seryeulia Temis wes-adaTebis, misi institutebis, gvarovnul-patriarqaluri rwmena-warmodgenebis garduvali, eWvmiutaneli, absoluturi avtoriteti; jaregelebs TiTqos erTi wuTiT gulidan amoerecxaT saukuneebiT dagrovili mtroba da RvarZli ucxo `mTis da wylis~ adamianebis mimarT. TiTqos zviadauris saxec Seicvala maT TvalSi, im zviadauris, romelic qistebis `sisxliT da ZvaliT~ gaumaZRar afTrad warmoudgebodaT xolme, romelic mudam qistebis gaJletis cdaSi iyo, `mglurad eteveboda~, `gzaze ujdeboda~ da gamarjvebis sixaruliT damTvrali, `cofiT gadalesili~ saxiT Camohkioda goriT _ ~gaxlavar zviadaurio~.

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am sulieri ganwmendis kaTarzisis Semdeg jaregelebi zviadaurSi ukve saarako guladobas, vaJkacobas sWvreten: sTqves, roca saxlSi gabrundnen, Tav-Tavqve Camodioden: _ `xom magas ar movuklavdiT mtrebs, avs rom ar sCadioden?

kargi vaJkaci yofila, yvela allaxsa hficavda, _ imitom vefxvebr gvebrZoda, Tavis miwa-wyals icavda~.

aq es gardatexa, Semobruneba iqamdisac ki midis, rom jaregelebi cdiloben raime Semamsubuqebeli mizezi mouZebnon zviadauris TareSs qist-lekebis soflebze. amiT maT surT gaamarTlon is sinanulis grZnoba, romelic maT aReZraT zviadauris sikvdilis gamo; cdiloben sakuTari miwawylis, samSoblos dacvad dasaxon zviadauris mekobruli TareSi qist-lekebis winaaRmdeg. magram miuxedavad am didi Zvrebisa, romelic moxda masis SegnebaSi zviadauris saarako, vaJkacuri sikvdilis gancdis Sedegad, am scenis dasasruls sawinaaRmdego ganwyobilebebSi gaxlarTuli brbo inerciiT mainc wixls hkravs zviadauris cxedars: wavidnen. zviadauri zeze gawires tialad. Tunda ZaRlebma aTrion, frinvelTa jijgnon ziarad;

àr Saewira, egdoso, egec eyofa zianad~. amas iZaxden qistebi TavmowonebiT, xmianad.

magram es sityvebi ufro brbos uilajo gabrazebas gamoxatavs, vidre `TavmowonebiT xmianobas~. am scenis finalic im gancdaTa winaaRmdegobis anareklia, romlebic gamZvinvarebul brbos SegnebaSi gamoiwvia zviadauris saarako, gmiruli sikvdilis sanaxaobam. am gancdam Temis garduval, eWvmiutanel rwmena-warmodgenaTa samyaroSi iseTi bzari gaavlo, rom misi SeduRabeba araviTar Zalas ar SeuZlia. sxvadasxva `mTis da wylis~ xalxTa gaTiSulobis, izolirebis Segnebas mZime laxvari Caeso, gza exsneba xalxTa urTierTgagebis, SeTvisebisa da daZmobilebis Segnebas. Cven vambobT, rom gza exsneba, magram es rodi niSnavs, rom xalxTa urTierTgagebis, SeTvisebisa da Zmobis Segneba ase advilad daisadgurebs im brbos gulSi, romelic ramodenime wuTis win yelSi xmlebs da xanjlebs uyrida samsxverplod ganwirul zviadaurs, rom es axali Segneba moqmedebad, saqmed iqceva. ase rom gaeSala vaJas poemis siuJeti, igi aRar

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iqneboda didi realisti mwerali. magram is, rac mxolod SesaZleblobis saxiT gamokrTeba mis SegnebaSi, mZlavr impulsad iqceva poemis calkeuli gmirebis cnobierebaSi, maT gancdaTa samyaroSi. eseni unda gaxdnen gzad da xidad urTierTTan gadamterebul xalxTa Soris, magram `stumar-maspinZelSi~, iseve rogorc àluda qeTelaurSi~, or urTierTisagan saukuneobrivi SuRliTa da mtrobiT gaTiSul xalxTa warmomadgenlebs im momentSi gauwevT erTmaneTisaken guli (ufro swored, gauwevs, vinaidan orive SemTxvevaSi es swrafva calmxrivia), roca erTi mxaris mze ukve esveneba, roca igi `samzeodan~ ukve `suleTSi~ miemgzavreba. sxvanairad arc SeiZleba moxdes, vinaidan es yovlisSTanmTqavi swrafva, romelic aRmocendeba aq, gmiris gulSi, Sedegia im didi Zvrebis, kaTarzisis, ganwmendis, romelic gmiris sulSi xdeba meore mxris vaJkacuri, gmiruli sikvdilis gancdis Sedegad. amitom orive poemaSi keTilSobili vneba mxolod micvalebulis sulis `WirisuflobaSi~ SeiZleba gamomJRavndes, da stiqiuri optimisti vaJa axerxebs es Talxi, samgloviaro motivic ki sakmaod naTel mziur ferebSi gaSalos. poemis am nawils, rogorc preludia, win uswrebs qarTuli literaturis did gadasarbenze SoTa rusTavelidan baraTaSvilamde gamotanili sevdiani motivi ucxoeTSi yaribad, upatronod, maxlobel-naTesavTa, megobarTagan dautireblad sikvdilisa, bunebis glovisa yaribad daRupul gmirze: Tu sawuTroman damamxo, yovelTa damamxobelman, yaribi movkvde yaribad, ver damitiros mSobelman... (rusTaveli) dae movkvde me upatronod, misgan oxeri (baraTaSvili).

aqac poeti iZleva glovis, datirebis wminda qarTul gancdas, romelSiac emocionalur moments xSirad esTetikuri hfaravs: sikvdilsa glova uxdeba, mkvdars Zmas – tirili disao, tyesa – xarirmis nafreni, zog dros – ymuili mgliao.

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vaJkacsa – omSi sikvdili, xelSi – natexi xmlisao, oms – lxini gamarjvebulTa da damarcxeba mtrisao.

es gamamziurebeli, TiTqos nugeSismcemeli momenti aklia zviadauris sikvdils. mxolod buneba glovobs ucxoeTSi uTvistomod daRupul vaJkacs: `zviadaursa glovobda SfoTva da borgva wylisao, niavad Camonadeni oxvra maRali mTisao~. bunebis glovas erTvis mxolod aRazas tirili. aRaza, romelic zviadauris dasaxsnelad mzad iyo yvela Tavisi Tvistomic ki gaewira, uZluri aRmoCnda Tundac sasowarkveTil raime cdaSi gamoemJRavnebia Tavisi gulis swrafva, vinaidan mamakacebis da isic Tvistomebis winaaRmdeg xelis aRmarTvas mas ukrZalavda `dedakacobis rjuli~; mis ZvalrbilSi jer kidev mtkicedaa gamjdari Temis Zveli wes-adaTebi; igi mxolod gulmduRared dastiris ucxoeTSi daRupul xevsur vaJkacs. mis guls Semowolili sevda imdenad Zlieria, rom igi xSirad rusTavelis gmirebiviT ibnideba: da wyaros pirze diaci, _ turfa, lamazi, _ qistisa, Sublze da mkredze wyals isxams, drodadro guli misdisa.

avtori xazs usvams, rom es ar aris Cveulebrivi gataceba, rom aRazas, rusTvelis eniT rom vTqvaT, `guli, goneba da suli~ wauRo ara zviadauris garegnulma Wvretam, aramed misi saarako, gmiruli sikvdilis gancdam: bevri itira Cumada, Tumca drodadro hkrTeboda; zviadauris sikvdili TvalebSi elandeboda.

magram rad krTeba drodadro aRaza? TiTqos ase ubiwo, ucodvelia aRazas sulis swrafva, TiTqos aravis Selaxva, Seuracxyofa ar SeuZlia mis mier dafrqveul TanagrZnobis cremlebs. magram es mxolod im adamianis TvalsazrisiT, romelmac Tavi daaRwia gvarovnul-patriarqalur sazogadoebis rwmena-warmodgenebs. rogorc zemoTac aRvniSneT, gvarovnul-patriarqaluri sazogadoebis msoflgagebis tyveobaSi myofi adamianis warmodgenebiT `suleTs~ saiqios udidesi, ganmsazRvreli gavlena aqvs saaqaos _ `samzeos~ cxovrebaze. gvaris am wevrebs

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Soris, romlebic jer am qveynad cxovroben da gardacvlil winaparTa Soris, romlebic ukve `suleTSi~ sufeven, uxilavi, magram uwyveti Zafebia gabmuli. `samzeos~ _ saaqaos yvelaferi `suleTis~ ganaCenis mixedviT xdeba. `suleTis~ gavlena `samzeoze~ SeiZleba iyos rogorc keTilismyofeli, amaRorZinebeli, ise momsvreli, gamanadgurebeli. keTilismyofelia `suleTSi~ gadasul gvaris wevrebis gavlena samzeoSi darCenil gvaris wevrebze im SemTxvevaSi, Tu am ukanasknelT `suleTis~ mcxovrebni momadlierebulni hyavT, Tu maTi guli monadirebuli aqvT. momsvreli, gamanadgurebelia micvalebulTa sulebis Careva gvaris cocxlad darCenil wevrTa cxovrebaSi, Tuki am ukanasknelT riTime Selaxes, Seuracxhyves suleTis mcxovrebni. amitomac micvalebulTa momadliereba, maTi gulis mogeba ara nakleb sazrunavs uqmnis gvarovnul-patriarqaluri sazogadoebis adamians, vidre cocxlad darCenilebze fiqri. amazea aRmocenebuli micvalebulTa is rTuli kulti, romlis TiToeuli wvrilmanis zustad Sesruleba gvarovnulpatriarqaluri sazogadoebis adamianis garduval amocanas warmoadgens. cocxlad darCenilTaTvis savaldebulo wes-CveulebebSi ki, romlebic mimarTulia gardacvlilTa gulis mosagebad, maT mosamadliereblad, erT-erTi mTavari adgili uWiravs mkvdris datirebas, rogorc dasavleT saqarTveloSi ityvian xolme, mis `gapatiosnebas~, saTanado wesebis dacviT damarxvas. magram ra aris aRazas qcevaSi micvalebulTa kultis TvalsazrisiT saZraxisi da saTakilo? aRaza dastiris, glovobs, cremlebs swiravs ara Tavisi gvaris, Tavisi tomisa da rjulis, aramed ucxo tomisa da rjulis adamians, isic qistebis mosisxles, `maTi sisxliT da ZvlebiT gaumaZRar~ zviadaurs; igi Wirisuflobs zviadaurs, romelmac TviT sulis amosvlis momentSic ki `dakla~ mis msxverplad mimtanTa guli, CaufuSa qistebs maT mier aseTis zar-zeimurobiT mowyobili mRvdelmTmsaxurebis aqti, Selaxa TviT aRazas gardacvlilni, suleTSi gadasulni Tvistomni, `ZaRli daukla~ jaregelebis mkvdrebs, wabilwa maTi wmidaTa-wmida. amitom aRazas SiSi aqvs ara marto cocxali, aramed gardacvli-

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li Tvistomebis da gvarovnul-patriarqaluri SezRudulobiT gaazrebuli RmerTis SurisZiebisa: stiroda, magram tirili, ar iyo, exaTreboda: erT mxriv xaTri aqvs Temisa, meoriT – RmerTi aSinebs; qisteTis mtrisa mozares Tavs risxvas gadmoadinebs.

aRaza Tavisi WirisuflobiT (iseve, rogorc aluda mucalis sulisaTvis kuratis SewirviT) `gaurjulebuls arjulebs~, Semohyavs zviadauris, qistTa am àmomgdebis~, maTi rjulis mgmobisa da Semgineblis suli Tavis gardacvlil naTesavTa samyofelSi. aRaza jer ar ganTavisuflebula gvarovnul-patriarqaluri sazogadoebis adamianis rwmena-warmodgenebisagan, mas sjera, rom qistebis dauZinebeli mtris mozareoba RvTis gmobaa, gardacvlil TvistomTa Seginebaa, magram misi guli gonebas ar emorCileba: ès fiqri gonebisaa, guli Tavisas Svreboda~. aRazas guli aRar emorCileba gonebas imitom, rom misi goneba jer kidev Zveli, gvarovnul-patriarqaluri sazogadoebis rwmena-warmodgenebiT sazrdoobs, maSin, rodesac misi guli gaixsna axali gancdebisaTvis. avtori erTxel kidev xazs usvams im garemoebas, rom aRazas swrafvis mizezi is didi Zvrebia, rac mis sulSi gamoiwvia zviadauris saarako, gmiruli sikvdilis gancdam: kacis kacurad sikvdili gulidam ara hqreboda. qalis guls igi suraTi Sig gaeyara israda; iman daadva lamazsa daklulis glova kisrada.

zviadauris gmiruli sikvdilis gancdam kisrad daadva aRazas daklulis glova, qistebis mosisxle mtris datireba, ucxoeTSi daRupuli vaJkacis Wirisufloba. es movaleoba, romelic diametralurad ewinaaRmdegeba aRazas movaleobas Temis, gvaris winaSe, droebiT aviwyebinebs qals mis vals TviT sakuTari ojaxis, qmris mimarT, romelic ganrisxebul-

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ma mezoblebma zviadaurze Tavdasxmis dros xelfexSekruli daagdes derefanSi: sibneles ucdis, mivides, RamiT itiros mkvdario; imas aRara hfiqrobda, joyola rogor ario.

vis coli vis qmarsa stiris? ras sCadis Wkvaze mcdario?! iqneba hklaven joyolas, saxlsac Seuxsnes kario!

es keTilSobili swrafva Zalas aZlevs sust, crumorwmune warmodgenebis tyveobaSi myof diacs dasZlios mistikuri SiSi Ramis wyvdiadiT moculi sasaflaos winaSe: wamodga, ixedeboda rogorc damTxvari nadiri, xedneb-xednebiT amovlo xevis kldiani napiri; wyvdiadSi sazarlad ismis wyalT anaZraxi sayviri.

am mistikur, Zrwolismomgvrel scenas scvlis naz-haerovani, SigadaSig rusTveluri ferebiT naxati, liriul-romantiuli scena aRazas trfialebisa `suleTSi~ gadasuli zviadaurisadmi: amovlo krZalviT saflavTan, mkvdarsa muxlmoyriT daeyrdno, qviTinebs gulamoskvniTa, cremlsa sipi qva daedno. aixsna dana, mihmarTa

zviadaursa imiTa, aaWra niSnad, saxsovrad sami balani piriTa, Ciqilis totSi Sexvia brolis TiTebiT TliliTa...

magram aRazas gulSi aRZrulma axalma grZnobam, naz-haerovanma trfobam araadamianuri wamebiT mokluli misi stumris zviadaurisadmi, mxolod droebiT daTrgunes diacis Zvalsa da rbilSi gamjdari rwmena-warmodgenebi, movaleobis grZnoba Tvistom-naTesavebis, Temis, gvaris winaSe. antagonisturad mimarTuli misi Zveli da axali Segnebis elementebi _ erTis mxriv, sisxliT naTesaobaze agebuli, gvartomuli karCaketilobis niadagze aRmocenebuli da, meores mxriv, am karCaketilobis, izolirebis damrRvevi, xalxTa urTierTgagebis, SeTvisebisa da Zmobis farTo horizontebisaken mswrafi _ saocaris ZaliT daejaxnen erTmaneTs

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aRazas cnobierebaSi, sulieri wonasworobis damrRvevi qartexili warmoSves qalis gulSi. aq erToblivi, erTpirad Sekruli Temi aRsdgeba axali SegnebiT amoZravebuli pirovnebis dasaTrgunavad ukve ara `samzeoSi myofi~ adamianebis, aramed `suleTSi~ gadasuli Tvistomebis, sisxliT naTesavebis saxiT. es `suleTidan~ monadeni wyromis, risxvis da SeCvenebis xma Tavzars scems aRazas: es ra xma esmis, dgandgari? yurebs gaudis Jivili... saflavebidam moesmis mkvdrebis wyroma da Civili! TiTqos balRebic atirden, gaudisT mwared wivili!

gardacvlil TvistomTa wyroma da risxva mexad atydeba Tavs aRazas: saerTo wyromis xma esmis, saerTo gulistkivili: `ras Svreba, unamusovo~, gamwarebulni Cioden, _ `maRali RmerTi grisxavdes!~ samariT Semohkioden.

SiSis zarma Seipyro aRaza. igi garbis, magram `suleTis~ binadarni, rogorc Zveli berZnuli miTologiis SurisZiebis RmerTqalebi, eriniebi, kvaldakval wyevla-krulviT misdeven mas: gaiqca, mirbis, ixedavs, _ mkvdarni misdeven, sworia. `SiniT sad gagvexvewebi, aqiT Tu gagveSoria?!~

aRazas eCeveneba, rom bunebac aRsdga Temis piris gamtexi, misi wes-Cveulebis Semlaxavi pirovnebis winaaRmdeg: `xma ismis danadevnebi, masve eZaxis goria, garSemo dayudebuli gana erTi da oria~. TviT mTis balaxT da yvavilT, romelnic vaJas sxva leqsebSi, poemebSi da prozaul nawarmoebebSi ase saTno, lmobi-

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eri, mosiyvarule arsebebad gamoiyurebian,1 axla TiTqos SurisZiebis boroti suli CasdgomiaT tanSi: ùnamusovo!~ misZaxden tandawkepili dekani balaxni, qvani, qviSani, am aremares mdebarni.

da am risxvis da SeCvenebis simfonias, baxis fugebiviT mgrgvinvares, asrulebs gvarovnul-patriarqalur sazogadoebaSi qalisaTvis yvelaze maxlobeli adamianis, aRazas Zmis xma: ager, saflaviT amodga misi mkvdari Zma ebari, Tavis tolebSi usworo, qisteTs ganTqmuli mxedari. Tan mihkioda Tavis das, sityva pirs mosdis mWexari:

`vah, dao, dao, ra miyav? risxva rad damec medgari? meores saflavSi Camdev, erTs samareSi mdebari! magiT mimtkiceb dobasa, Seni qaloba eg ari?!~

Tavisi dis qceviT Seginebuli aRazas Zma orgzis mkvdrad racxs Tavis Tavs. gvaris, Temis RirsebasTan erTad aRazam nazi, da-Zmuri grZnobac Selaxa. mwerali gmiri qalis gulis yvela sims aJRerebs, rom gvagrZnobinos im axali gancdebis simZafre, siZliere, romliTac Sepyrobilia aRazas mTeli arseba. sasaflaoze, Ramis wyvdiadSi gancdil koSmarebsac ki ver aRmoufxvravs aRazas gulidan Wirisuflis movaleoba, romelic mas `kisrad daado~ zviadauris vaJkacurma sikvdilma. SurismaZiebeli sulebis devniT Tavzardacemulsac ki ar gamoepareba myefari, romelic Ramis bindSi sasaflaosken micunculebs zviadauris gvamis sajijgnad. aRaza SiSis zars sZlevs da ZaRls gamoudgeba. aqac xazgasmulia, rom aRaza Tavsa sdebs zviadaurisaTvis, rogorc `kai ymisTvis~, ro-

1

sailustraciod moviyvanT mxolod erT adgils `gvelis mWamelidan~: Turme zneda sWirT yvavilTa: oRond ewamlon sneulTa, sicocxliT gafufunebuls arad agdeben sxeulTa; salxinod hsaxven, kacT sargod Zval-xorcTa CamomrRveulTa.

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melmac sulis aseTi simtkice, udrekloba gamoamJRavna sikvdilis Jams: `_ sad mixval, sada, wyeulo? saiTke mieCqarebi?! vin gaWmevs kai ymis leSsa? ZaRlo, dagidga Tvalebi! Sens sajijgnadac gamxdara

zviadauris Zvalebi?! – sTqva es aRazam da qvebsa esroda xSira-xSirada, mirbis da misdevs SmagaTa kldinis xevis pirada.

kvlav ajanydeba aRazas cnobierebis Zveli Sinaarsi. saocari, msoflio literaturaSi umagaliTo plastikuri xelsaxeobiT gvixatavs vaJa am scenaSi, Tu rarig samZimo, mtkivneulia gvarovnul-patriarqaluri adamianis Segnebidan am Zveli Sinaarsis amogleja, rom es gvarovnul-patriarqaluri rwmena-warmodgenebi Zvalsa da rbilSi aqvs gamjdari gmirs, rom isini TiTqos misi fizikuri arsebobis nawilsac ki Seadgenen. araTu aRazas Zveli Segneba, misi sxeulis nawilebic ki janydebian gmiri qalis axali gancdebis winaaRmdeg: xma isev esmis mkvdrebisa, mas bans aZleven mTanica, samduravs eubnebian aRazas giSris Tmanica.

gaxlarTuli am gamouval konfliqtSi, gaTanguli am sawinaaRmdego gancdebiT, romlebic mTel mis arsebas arRveven, aRaza Zlivs miaRwevs Sinamdis da Tavis saxlis zRurblTan gulSemoyrili gadaiqceva. aRazas areuli, namtiralevi saxe eWvebs aRuZravs joyolas. es bunebrivicaa. ara Tu atavistur vnebaTa tyveobaSi myof gvarovnul-patriarqaluri sazogadoebis adamians, rogoricaa joyola, aramed civilizaciiT gafaqizebul mamakacsac SeiZleba mwvave eWvebi aRuZras SuaRamisas Sin moWrili aRazas Sesaxedaobam. amitom `hbRujavs xanjars~ RazoTi atanili joyola da Tan mSfoTvared CahkiTxavs cnobamixdil cols: `ra dagemarTa, ra ari? miTxar, gaxseni bageo! xom arvin moiwadina gadaegore mklavzeo?~

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gonmosuli aRaza cdilobs daumalos qmars mis gulSi danTebuli cecxli. mas efiqreba, rom joyola ver miswvdeba, ver gaigebs mis gulSi anTebul grZnobas, amitomac mikibmokibavs igi raRacas gzadSemoyrili devebis Sesaxeb. magram joyola ar motyuvdeba. igi TiTqos TandaTan swvdeba im grZnobis bunebas, romelic dauflebia aRazas guls: `Cems Wkvas ar sjera naTqvami, Cemi fiqrebi ireva, namtiralevi rada xar? Rawvebze cremli gdenia; Cqara sTqvi, swored miTxari,

Torem ver momiTmenia! sadardo, sagulisxmo ram grZnoba guls gadagfrenia. Cems Tvalebs ver daemalvis im grZnobis nakvalevia~.

joyola sworad wvdeba, rom mniSvnelovani, `sagulisxmo ram grZnoba~ ufro maRali bunebis unda iyos, vidre uxeSi Tavdamsxmelis mier Selaxuli qaluri Tavmoyvareoba. aRazac rwmundeba Tavis gancdaTa dafarvis uazrobaSi. ucdomeli instiqtiT swvdeba aRaza, rom misi qmris gulic imave grZnobiT aris gamsWvaluli, rogoriTac misi sakuTari. aq vaJa TiTqos kvlav imarjvebs rusTavelis sibrZnes (gamoTqmuls tarielis pasuxSi avTandilis Segonebaze): Senca gWiran Wirni Cemni, ar mamarTlo ar mikvirdes, ... cvilsa cecxlis simxurvale ugavs, amad aenTebis, magra wyalsa arsiT axlavs, Tu Cavardes, dacaSrtebis; raca visca saqme TviT sWirs, sxvaTa Tvisca evargebis, TavidaRma rad ar ici, Cemi guli ragvar dnebis.

amitom aRaza guls uxsnis joyolas. ar hfaravs, rom misi guli or grZnobas itevs, qmrisadmi erTgulebas da zviadaurisadmi haerovan, raRac araamqveyniur trfials (Tu TanagrZnobas), romelic mis xmas naz liriul hangze aTrTolebs: _ ra dagimalo, joyolav, an rad Semrisxav Tqmisada? _ etyoda coli da nazi TrTola mieca xmisada: _ cremlebi Semiwiria im Senis megobrisada.

aRaza joyolas Tvalwin gadauSlis zviadauris saarako, gmiruli sikvdilis suraTs, romelic qalis guls `Sig ga-

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eyara israda~, ramac `daadva lamazsa daklulis glova kisrada~. amiT aRaza joyolas Tanaziars xdis im didi sulieri Zrwolis, ganwmendis, kaTarzisisa, rac araTu aRazam, aramed mTelma SurisZiebis grZnobiT Sepyrobilma brbom ganicada zviadauris sikvdilis Jams: `Zlier Sembralda beCavi, rom ucxoeTSi kvdeboda, arc naTesavi, arc moZme, rom visme Sehbraleboda!

magram, ros hklavden xanjriTa, odnavac ara hkrTeboda. iqneb Senc gcode, RmerTsaca, magram vitire, ra vqnao!...~

joyolas suli uimisodac gamzadebulia am gancdaTa TanaziarebisaTvis, romelic dauflebia aRazas mTel arsebas. gana joyola ar iyo, rom misZaxoda zviadaurze Tavdamsxmel jaregelebis brbos: `vai Tqven, qistis Svilebo, momdgarno Cems kars jarada! uiaraRos awvalebT, guli rasa hgrZnobs Tavada?~

es mimarTva, apelacia `Tavad gulisadmi~ ukve gviCvenebs, rom joyola TemTan pirveli SejaxebisTanave nawilobriv ukve aRwevs Tavs gvarovnul-patriarqalur rwmena-warmodgenebs, rom mis SegnebaSi ukve isaxeba pirovnuli, individualuri maRal-humanuri idealiT gamTbari azri, gancda. es axali Segneba aZlevs mas Zalas gailaSqros mTeli Temis winaaRmdeg zviadauris dasacavad, da axlac ver CasTvlis igi aRazas qcevas Secodebad qmrisa da RvTis mimarT, vinaidan TviTon joyola mouwodebda `ca-qveynis~ madls uiaraRo zviadaurze Tavdamsxmeli Tvistomebis Sesarisxavad. amitom aseT maRal safexurs aRwevs joyolas pasuxSi aRazasadmi moTmena-gatana, tolerantoba colis gulSi aRmocenebuli grZnobis mimarT. am winapirobis gareSe colis qcevas joyolas gulSi oteloseburi yovlisdamnTqavi Razos, eWvianobis gamowveva SeeZlo. joyola urigdeba im azrs, rom aRazas gulSi daisadgura nazma, haerovanma, magram mTeli misi arsebis gamsWvalavma grZnobam, romelic zogjer mas Tavis movaleobasac ki aviwyebinebs qmris mimarT.

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gvarovnul-patriarqaluri aRzrdis adamiani, im sazogadoebis wevri, sadac ojaxis ufrosi _ meufe ganmgebelia Tavisi ojaxis wevrebis cxovrebis yoveli mxarisa, udides Tavisuflebas aniWebs Tavis cols gancdaTa sferoSi: `magisTvis rogor Segrisxav? tyuils sjobs simarTlis Tqmao. itire?! madli giqnia, me ra gamge var magisa? diacs mudamac uxdeba glova vaJkacis kargisa~.

aseTi Caurevloba colis sulier cxovrebaSi maRalcivilizebuli sazogadoebis adamianisaTvisac ganicdeba, rogorc udidesi daTmoba da msxverpli. da yvelaferi es aris refleqsi im didi sulieri Zvrebisa, im sulieri ganwmendis kaTarzisisa, romelic xdeba poemis gmirebis SegnebaSi zviadauris vaJkacuri sikvdilis gancdis Sedegad. Tumca zviadauris vaJkacuri sikvdilis gancdam didi Zvrebi gamoiwvia Surismgebeli liangis SegnebaSi, Tumca masis Segnebas wuTierad zviadauris Secodebis, misadmi TanagrZnobis da sinanulis grZnoba daeufla, mainc gvarovnul-patriarqaluri wes-adaTis inerciiT jaregelebma mosisxle mtris cxedari mxec-frinvelTa sajijgnad gaswires. magram zviadauris cxedari ucxo mxareSic ar rCeba tialad. aRazas nazi liriuli Wirisufloba icavs zviadauris cxedars. mainc is grZnobebi da gancdebi, romelic daeufla aRazas da joyolas Segnebas, saaSkaraoze gamosvlas ver bedaven. Temi mainc sadarajoze udgas Zvel, gvarovnul-patriarqalur wes-Cveulebebs, rwmena-warmodgenebs, Temis wevris gancda-emociebsac ki. meore dRes aRaza ganzrax sasaflaosken mierekeba Zroxas, rom zviadauris cxedari daicvas onavari frinvelebis klanWebisagan: `Camodiodnen frinvelni, izidebodnen mkvdrisaken~. aRaza ar udrkeba arc cocxal, arc mkvdar TvistomTa risxvas da SeCvenebas, _ sasaflaosken miipareba: iqidam afrTxobs yornebsa, svavTa, mxarmofarfaSeTa,

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orbebsa gaumaZRrebsa, mkvdris leSze moyaSyaSeTa.

ase aRaza da joyola TavinTi gulebis naJuriT qselaven aqamde gaTiSul, urTierTTan gadamterebul mezobel xalxTa SemakavSirebel Zafebs. marTalia, Cveni, civilizirebuli sazogadoebis adaminis TvalsazrisiT es urTierTgagebis, SeTvisebisa da Zmoba-megobrobis atmosfero iqmneba umTavresad idealur sferoSi: aRaza Wirisuflobas uwevs ucxoeTSi daRupul zviadaurs, joyola ki (romelmac martodmartom gailaSqra mTeli Temis winaaRmdeg Tavis stumris dasacavad) misi wrisa da aRzrdis rwmena-warmodgenebis adamianisaTvis saocar, keTilSobilur Semwynareblobas, tolerantobas iCens colis qcevisadmi... amdenad joyolac Tanaziari xdeba aRazas Wirisuflobisa. gvarovnul-patriarqaluri rwmena-warmodgenebis tyveobaSi myofi adamianis mier ki es, ucxo modgmisa da rjulis adamianis Wirisufloba, misi glova-datireba ganicdeba rogorc uaRresad realuri, TviT gvarovnul-patriarqaluri sazogadoebis safuZvlebis momSleli aqti. amitomac gainapira, gariya Temma aRaza, rogorc ùcxo kacisa mozare~. magram calkeuli gmirebis gulidan monadeni grZnobebi mainc uZlurni arian imisaTvis, rom amoavson ufskruli, romelic sTiSavs am, erTmaneTTan gadamterebul mezobel xalxebs. calke pirovnebis sulieri swrafva, ragind intensiuri ar iyos igi, uZluria am gaTiSulobisa da gadamterebis dasaZlevad, vinaidan am swrafvas upirispirdeba erToblivi, erTpirad Sekruli Temis rwmena-warmodgenebi da `Tems rac swadian, mas izams Tavis Temobis wesiTa~. aRaza da joyola Wirisufloben ucxo mxares daRupul zviadaurs, riTac TvistomTa risxvas, wyevas da SeCvenebas imsaxureben. magram zviadauris kanonieri, Temis rwmena-warmodgenebiT gankuTvnilni Wirisufalni-Tvistomni, sisxliT naTesavebi ar sjerdebian am Wirisuflobas, an, ufro swored rom vTqvaT, maT arc SeuZliaT igulon zviadauris Wirisufalni ùrjulos aremareTa~: bisos movida ambavi, viT naquxari mexada: `mouklavT zviadauri,

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ciT Camosuli svetada, fSav-xevsureTis far-xmali, gamosadegi metada!~

zviadaurs cxare cremliT dastirian, rogorc xevsureTis far-xmals, mis mfarvels, mas `ciT Camosul svetad~, `xevsureTis burjad~ saxaven. SurisZiebisken momwodebeli gundis winamZRolis xmasaviT gaismis zviadauris dedis moTqma-godeba, romelsac bans aZlevs `Savis ambis gamgone~ dedaTa zari: `bedkruli rad var cocxali? mec miwas mimabareTa; mklavni maCveneT Svilisa, moitaT, CamabareTa!

Cemis Svilisa marjveniT guls miwa momayareTa, ... rogor vigono Tavis Ze urjuloT aremareTa?!~

yvelaze mwavave momenti aq dedis gancdebSi is aris, rom misi Svilis cxedari ucxo mxareSi "urjuloT aremareT" darCa da amis Semdeg ambavi Cveulis, saukuneebiT gatkepnili gzebiT miemarTeba. zviadauris daxsna ùrjuloT aremareT~ tyveobidan xdeba sababi xevsurTa axali saTareSo laSqrobisa qistebis winaaRmdeg: vaJkacT gaiges ambavi, gasagonari WiriTa, erTmaneTs gadaeZraxnen boRmiT Sekruli piriTa:

... iZaxis aparekai: `sagZali gindaT kvirisa!~ `qudze kac unda wavides!~ – baburauli hyvirisa.

da is sisxlis aRebis, sarevanSo Tavdasxmis da TareSis vnebaTaRelva, romlis dacxroma-gaqarvebisaken iyo mimarTuli aRazas da joyolas gulSi aRmocenebuli axali humanuri grZnobebi, kvlav aboboqrdnen: àRelvebulTa borgvaa, xma ar gegonosT stvirisa!~ da meore diliT saTareSo laSqari ukve mzad aris. erTis SexedviT mwerali aq TiTqos kvlav fSav-xevsuruli samekobro xalxuri poeziis motivebs ubrundeba, magram es mxolod moCvenebaa im maRal humanur gancdaTa Semdeg, romelTac axleburad aaTrToles poemis gmirebis, aRazas da joyolas gulebi, _ daTareSod gamzadebuli brbos aRelvebuli borgva paToss veRar mohgvris mwerals: igi TviTon

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xsnis Tavis Tvalsazriss, romelic mkveTrad emijneba am SemTxvevaSi samekobro poeziis dedaazrs. Tumc Semdeg TavebSic vaJasTvis Cveuli xatovanebiT da eqspresiiTaa aRwerili xevsurTa es morigi TareSi qistebis winaaRmdeg, magram mkiTxveli mainc ucdomlad grZnobs avtoris mkicxvel, mgmobel damokidebulebas, urTierTdalaSqvrisadmi, romelic odiT momdinareobs da romelsac ver iguebs ara Tu maRali humanizmis mestvire mwerali, aramed TviT mTani maRalni da mTis mdinarec. xevsurTa saTareSo laSqari ukve moadga jaregs, viRac ucnobis xma gaismis joyolas karebze, _ yalmis ramdenime mosmiT, ramdenime StrixebiT, avtori Tvalwin gviyenebs am mrbeveli, amaoxrebeli laSqrobis mTel sisastikes da ulmobelobas: _ karSi gamodi joyolav, wynarad nu swevxar kerasa, ramdeni xalxi moertya im Cvenis mTebis wverasa! CvenTan modian stumrada, Cven gvipireben wvevasa. Segvananeben dedaTa SvilTa akvnebis rwevasa. saqonels erekebian,

reulobaa rogori?! aavso jarma, gahxede, jaregis Tavi, sam-gori, damTxvalTa menaxireTa kldeebi mosdevs nagori. wadi, uSvele Tavisebs, mtris dasaxvedrad morbian, Senc ise wadi, joyolav, rogorac sxvani midian.

Cven zemoT vTqviT, rom viRac ucnobis xma ismis joyolas karzedo. Tavis poema-tragediebSi vaJa xSirad mimarTavs am ucnobs, depersonalizirebul xmas. es ar SeiZleba iyos Cveulebrivi macne, Temisagan mogzavnili, vinaidan am SemTxvevaSi macnes ecodineboda Temis damokidebuleba joyolasTan, romelsac zviadaurisadmi gamosarClebis gamo sastiki, sisxlismRvreli Sejaxeba mouxda TemTan. es Tavisi sakuTari gulidan momaval xmas ufro hgavs, vidre gareSe samyarodan modenil cnobas. vaJas Tavis poemebSi es depersonalizebuli xma Cveulebrivad Semohyavs rTuli fsiqologiuri situaciis gasaxsnelad. cxadia, rom joyolas ar SeuZlia mtris dasaxvedrad imave grZnobebiT wasvla, rogorc sxvani midian. joyola Tu mTlianad ara, sagrZnoblad mainc ganwmendilia Temis atavisturi rwmena-warmodgenebisagan.

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joyola ara Tu Sinaganad, Tavisi gancdebiT daSorebulia Temis sulier samyaros, igi Temisagan Serisxulia da gariyuli. es mosCans joyolas pasuxSi: _ gavyve?! ras ambob, WkvaTxelo? ar gamivleven axlosa! ... qistebs orguli vgonivar, gamdgari Tavis rjulzeda, hfiqroben, viTom joyolam

Tavi gahyida fulzeda, qisteTis moRalate var, xelaRebuli sulzeda; moaqvT da cocxals madeben saflavis qvasa gulzeda.

magram joyola masSi momxdari sulieri gardatexis miuxedavad jer kidev savsebiT ver momwydara Temur-gvarovnul sazogadoebis Wiplars. karze sarbevad momdgari mtris winaSe mas ar SeuZlia raime arsebiTi moqmedebiT, aqtiT gamoamJRavnos masSi momxdari sulieri gardatexa. mas ar SeuZlia gaxsnas Tavisi Tvistomebis winaSe im sisxlismRvreli Sejaxebis uazroba, romelic es-esaa unda gaCaRdes or mezobel toms Soris. joyola mxolod amJRavnebs masSi momxdar sulier Zvrebs. igi gadaswyvets calke, mezoblebs ganridebuli SeebrZolos mtrebs. rogorc zemoT vTqviT, igi uaRresad mwvaved ganicdis Tavis mowyvetas Temis organizmisagan da am gansacdelis momentSi lamobs daamtkicos Tavisi erTguleba Temisadmi: `martokam unda viomo, mTelma jaregam mnaxosa; vin erTgulia, vin ara, qveyanam dainaxosa~.

da am sawinaaRmdego fiqrebsa da gancdebSi gaxlarTuli joyola abjars isxams, `martoka midis cals mxares, Tavdadebuli cdazeda~. meore mxares ki mtris dasaxvedrad gamzadebuli qistebis jari Semoefina mTas. xevsurT xmaldaxmal mosvlam gastexa qistebis winaaRmdegoba. mwerali erTxel kidev xazs usvams, rom aq rbevaalafobis, Zarcva-glejis mizniT iRvreba mezobel tomTa Svilebis sisxli.

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baburaulma xevsurTa xmaldaxmal Casvla urCia. mivida saqme xmalzeda, farma gza misca sakafi, saZevari aqvT xevsurTa Zviri ganZi da alafi.

aq otebul qistTa jaris adgils joyola iWers. is sworupovar vaJkacobas amJRavnebs, martodmarto ekveTeba xevsurTa mravalricxovan laSqars. misi Seudrekeloba da sikerpe zviadauris da mucalis saarako gmirobis Senawonia. joyolas gmiroba erTnairad ancvifrebs rogorc momxdur xevsurT laSqars, ise otebul qistebis jars: Tavqve morbinalT xevsurTa win klde dauxvdaT warafi. kldidam gaduxta uecrad qisti xmalmoRerebiTa,

akvirvebs qistis laSqarsa mtris jaris mogerebiTa. zogs motyueba egona, ambobden moCvenebiTa.

qistebs aSeTebs joyolas morkineoba xevsurTa mravalricxovan laSqarTan. jaregelebi gvian gamoicnoben Tavis gmir damcvels: _ èg vin uxvdeba xevsurTa?~ Cveni mxarea, vin ari? _ eg unda joyola iyos, swored, namdvilad is ari! sTqva erTma, sxvanic dasTanxmdnen,

gaocebuli ucqeren. rogor ar ufrTxis grovasa, Tumca xmal-xanjrebs uReren. mohkles kideca, iqceva, mkerds xanjris wveriT uweren.

magram es Tavzardamcemi gaSeTeba (romelic Tavisi ZaliT kaTarziss uaxlovdeba), romelmac cota gawyda qistebs guli Semoubruna joyolasaken, sruldeba moSainuri siciliT, niSnis mogebiT usulod dacemuli joyolasadmi: `mohklan, Tu mohkles – axia! exlac masxarad agvigdo, winad xom bevrjel agvria, soflisa gadra indoma, Cven ki talaxSi gagvria. martoka mtris jars dauxvda, swored davlaTiT dagvria~.

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Tumca xmalmoRerebuli joyola maSin gaduxta Tavqve morbenal xevsurT, roca qistTa laSqars udidesi gasaWiri adga, mainc am ukanasknelT saSinlad iTakiles joyolas qceva. Temis Rirsebis Selaxvad, TvistomTa lafSi amosvrad, masxrad agdebad CauTvales joyolas mtris jaris `martoka daxvedra~. rogor SeuZlia pirovnebas gvarovnul-patriarqalur sazogadoebaSi `sofelTan gadra~, sofelTan, TemTan gatoleba, gajibreba? gvari, Temi yvelgan, yovelgvar viTarebaSi mzesaviT TvalSeudgami unda iyos pirovnebisaTvis. ra fasi aqvs qistebisaTvis joyolas daxmarebas xevsurebTan Sejaxebis dros (rac wliTiwlobiT meordeba, rac TviT maT yoveldRiur yofas Seadgens), Tuki igi Seuracxyofs maT wmidaTawmidas, Temis avtoritets, Tavisi qceviT gaamsaxaravebs, gaabiabruebs mas. jaregelebma iseve advilad gaswires Temis Rirsebis avtoritetis Semlaxavi joyola, rogorc qistebis mosisxle mteri, maTi amomgdebi zviadauri. aki daemuqren kidec joyolas jaregelebi pirveli Sejaxebis dros: `Sen da Sens stumars, orives erTad gadgisvriT beqiTa. Tems rac swadian, mas izams Tavis Temobis wesiTao~. araadamianuri sikvdiliT daiRupa zviadauri. magram misi wrisa da aRzrdis adamianis TvalsazrisiT mas ukeTesi bedi Sexvda, vidre mucals. Tavisi saarako sikvdiliT man erTi wuTiT mainc Searyia Tavisi mtanjvelebis fiqri da grZnoba, sinanulis grZnoba aRuZra SurisZiebiT Sepyrobil gamZvinvarebul brbos. misma gmirulma sikvdilma nazhaerovani trfialebis grZnoba aRuZra aRazas da mtkice, uryevi, Tavganwiruli megobrobis grZnoba gamoiwvia joyolas gulSi. saarako sikvdiliT mokvda zviadauri da ucnauri datireba xvda mas wilad: jer igi igloves da daitires aRazam da joyolam, qistTa tomis Svilebma, romlis mosisxled da àmomgdebad~ iTvleboda zviadauri, Semdeg ki Tvistomebma brZoliT moitaces misi Zvlebi. joyolas ki, romelic gmirulad daiRupa jaregze Tavdamsxmeli xevsurebis jarTan SejaxebaSi, Seuracxyofilma Tvistomebma sami adli miwac ar aRirses Tavis gardacvlil naTesavebis gverdiT. joyolas, rogorc Temis piris gamtexs, Tvistomebis orguls da moRalates, maTTvis Cirqis momcxebs, sasaflao Seukres da amrigad igi mohkveTes gvarsa da

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Tems. mas, TiTqos ucxo mxares yaribad mkvdars, yorani dahyrantalebda Tavze, qari ucrida wver-ulvaSs, aravin aRmoCnda mTels jaregSi misi saflavis gamTxreli. ùcxo kacis mozares~ aRazas yvela ganze gaudga, yvelam zurgi aqcia mas Tavze datexil ubedurebis Jams. yvelasgan ganwiruli aRaza iq gauTxris saflavs da damarxavs Tavis qmars, sadac TemisaTvis `Cirqis mcxebari~ joyola martoka ebrZoda xevsurTa laSqars. amis Semdeg aRazas araferi darCenia, rac mas amqveyniur cxovrebasTan daakavSirebda. zviadauris Zvlebi misma Tvistomebma gaitaces, joyolam qeba-didebis wil Tavisianebis gmoba-SeCveneba Caitana saflavSi: `_ raRad vicocxlo, riRasTvis? amas hfiqrobda qalia. _ qisteTSi Cemi erTguli kenWic ki arsad aria.

orTav SevcodeT qistebsa, maT SemiCvenes qmaria... me ufro didi codva maqvs, ucxosTvis cremli vRvaria~.

imeddanTqmuli aRaza aqafebuli mTis mdinares miscems Tavs: `waiRo wyalma aRaza, lamsa da qvisas Sahria~. roca stumar-maspinZelis ukanasknel Tavs kiTxulobT, uneburad gagondebaT nestan-darejanis sevdiT dabinduli wignis is adgili, sadac tyvedqmnili mTavre mzeras mimarTavs im qveynisaken, ocnebobs Tavis mijnurTan Sexvedraze mzis samyaroSi: RmerTsa Semvedre, nuTu kvla damxsnas soflisa Sromasa, cecxlsa, wyalsa da miwasa, haerTa Tana Zromasa; momcnes frTeni da aRvfrinde, mivhxde mas Cemsa ndomasa, dRisiT da RamiT vhxedvide mzisa elvaTa krTomasa. ... mze uSenod ver iqnebis, raTgan Sen xar misi wili, gaRanamc mas iaxel, misi etli, an Tu wili. muna gnaxo, madve gsaxo, ganminaTlo guli Crdili, Tu sicocxle mware mqonda, sikvdilica mqondes tkbili.

qajTa sasZlos bedi kvlav gauRimebs. igi amqveyniur mzis qveSeT Seeyreba misTvis Tavdadebul raind-mijnurs, aRazas ki umarTlebda misi sabediswero ganwirulebis winaTgrZnoba _ tragikulad sruldeba misi gulis yvela swrafva. mxolod imqveynad, aCrdilTa samyaroSi SeerTdebian da ganixareben ama soflisa da `kruli Jamis~ mier gayrili mijnurebi. magram vaJas mier daxatuli aCrdilTa samyaroc ara hgavs rus-

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Tavelis poemaSi mocemuli neoplatonikosebis mzis samyaros, sadac `dRisiT da RamiT~ mokaSkaSe mzis elvaTa krTomac ver anaTebs gulis Crdils: vaJas aCrdilTa samyaro xorcsavse, realistur ferebSi aqvs mocemuli, igi TiTqos amqveyniuri mziT aris gamTbari da ganaTebuli. iq amqveyniuri cecxli anTia, romlis alze jixvis mwvadebi SiSxineben: im kldis Tavs, saca joyola mohkles xevsurTa brZolaSi, Ram-Ram hxedaven suraTsa zvavisgan nagals goraSi:

kldis Tavs wadgeba joyola, sasaflaoske iZaxis: `zviadauro, Zmobilo, rad ar maCveneb Sens saxes?!~

da Zmobilis moxmoba ar rCeba upasuxod: sasaflaodam wamova aCrdili far-xmaliani, gulze uwyvia dakrefiT mklavebi samklaviani. miva da miesalmeba Tavis Zmobilsa mdumared.

TviT es odnav mistikurad damuqebuli ferebic ar uqmnis mkiTxvels sicivisa da miusafarobis grZnobas, gansakuTrebiT mas Semdeg, rac am sanaxaobas emateba cecxlis piras mimjdari aRazas saxe, romelic jixvis mwvadebs uwvavs Zmobilebs: iqve aRazac amodis saxe mowyeniT, mwuxared, enTeba cecxli maT gverdiT, mkrTalada bJutavs mTazeda; imaT hmaspinZlobs aRaza, jixvis mwvads uwvavs alzeda.

`wuTisofeli asea, Rame dRes uTenebia, rac mtrobas daungrevia, siyvaruls uSenebia~, _ mReris Tavisi xangrZlivi istoriis manZilze bevr Wirnaxuli Cveni xalxi. ase aRaza, zviadauri da joyola aCrdilTa samyaroSic gvivlenen Tvalwarmtac surTs aqamde gaTiSul, gadamterebul xalxTa urTierTgagebis, SeTvisebisa da Zmoba-megobrobisa: vaJkacobisas amboben, erT-urTis dandobisasa, stumar-maspinZlis weszeda cnobis da da-Zmobisasa.

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amitomac aseTi gulwrfeli aRtacebiT ambobs vaJa, romelic TviTonac mojadoebulia xalxTa Zmobisa da megobrobis am Tvalwarmtaci suraTiT (da romelsac am mxriv SeiZleba badalic ar hyavdes msoflio literaturaSi): `roca maT hxedavs erTada, kaci ver ZReba cqeriTa~. magram imdroindeli sinamdvile ara Tu ar iZleoda saSualebas xalxTa urTierTgagebis, SeTvisebis, Zmobisa da megobrobis im Tvalwarmtaci idealis ganxorcielebisa, romelsac Slis vaJa Tavis poemebSi àluda qeTelauri~ da `stumar-maspinZeli~, _ maSindeli sinamdvile imis saSualebasac ar iZleoda, rom kacs am saganze Tundac didxans eocneba. `kacis Tvali ver ZReba~ aRazas, joyolas da zviadauris, gvarovnul-patriarqaluri sazogadoebis sibnelis, xalxTa urTierTgadamterebis, SuRlisa da mudmivi sisxlisRvris winaaRmdeg amboxebuli am vaJkacuri samebis erTad Seyrisa da serobis cqeriT, romlebic TavianTi cxovrebis tragikuli dasasruliT xalxTa ùrTierT dandobas, cnobas da Zmobas~ qadageben: magram gaCndeba janRi ram kurumad Savis feriTa, daefareba sanaxavs wera-mwerelis weriTa. zed awevs jadosaviTa, ar daimtvreva kveriTa,

verc Seulocavs mlocavi, arc aixdeba xeliTa. mxolod mdinaris xma ismis, dabla miqanavs xveliTa da ufskruls dascqers pirimze moRerebulis yeliTa...

vaJas warmtac ideals _ xalxTa urTierTgagebas, SeTvisebas da damegobrebas am bnel epoqaSi win eRobeboda ara marto gvarovnul-patriarqaluri sazogadoebis sinamdvile, romlis fonzedac qmnida igi Tavis maRalideuri ganwyobis mqone poemebs: àluda qeTelaurs~ da `stumar-maspinZels~. SeiZleba am mimarTulebiT ufro meti uimedobis ganwyobilebas uqmnida vaJas TviT kapitalisturi sazogadoebis sinamdvile, romelsac mwerali aranaklebi tragikuli simZafriT ganicdida, vidre gvarovnul-patriarqaluri sazogadoebis formaciis mZlavri gadanaSTebis arsebobas mis garemomcvel fSav-xevsurul yofa-cxovrebasa da adamianTa SegnebaSi. vinaidan aranakleb maxinj formebSi iSlebian adamianTa da xalxTa urTierTobani gvarovnul-patriarqaluri sazogadoebis Semcvlel klasobriv sazogadoebaSi, misi gan-

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viTarebis yvela safexurze da SeiZleba iTqvas yvelaze ufro maxinjad mis ukanasknel, kapitalistur stadiaSi, razedac metyvelebs fr. engelsis naSromis Semdegi adgili: àm pirvelyofili Temis Zala unda Semusvriliyo da Seimusra kidec. magram igi Seimusra movlenebis zegavleniT, romelnic Cven imTaviTve daqveiTebad gveCveneba, codvaSi Cavardnil Zveli gvarovnuli sazogadoebis zneobrivi simaRlidan. udidesi gaumaZRroba, tlanqi siamovnebis wyurvili, WuWyiani siZunwe, sazogado qonebis egoisturi dataceba im umdables interesebs warmoadgenen, romelTac axal, ganaTlebul, klasobriv sazogadoebaSi SevyavarT; qurdoba, Zalmomreoba, veragoba, Ralati _ ai is samarcxvino saSualebani, romelTac Ziri gamouTxares da daamxes Zveli uklaso gvarovnuli sazogadoeba, da TviT axali sazogadoeba, Tavisi arsebobis sami aTas xuTas weliwadSi sxvas arafers warmoadgenda, garda umniSvnelo umciresobis ganviTarebisa eqsploataciaqmnili da Cagruli umravlesobis xarjze: es dResac asea, kidev ufro metad, vidre winaT yofila odesme~.1 amitom ase erTTavad tragikulad sruldeba àluda qeTelauris~ da `stumar-maspinZlis~ gmirebis bedi. sazogadoebaSi moqmedi bneli Zalebi janRis, burusis saxiT aefarebian aRazas, joyolas da zviadauris erTad Seyris, serobis Tvalwarmtac sanaxaobas, uSlian adamians igrZnos aqamde gadamterebul xalxTa SeTvisebisa da daZmobilebis mTeli simSveniere [...]2

1

fr. engelsi. òjaxis, kerZo sakuTrebis da saxelmwifos warmoSoba~, gv.114. gadmobeWdilia: aleqsandre WeiSvili. narkvevebi, werilebi. Tb., gam-ba `saxelgami~, 1955 w. 2

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SeniSvnebi:  aleqsandre WeiSvili _ daibada 1903 wlis 18 marts, ozurgeTis raionis sofel askanaSi. 1926 wels daamTavra Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis filosofiis fakulteti, Semdeg aspirantura. 1930-31 wlebSi berlinis universitetSi swavlobda filosofias, fsiqologias. ismenda kursebs evropul literaturasa da ekonomikaSi. 1929 wlidan aleqsandre WeiSvilma daiwyo mxatvruli narkvevebis, literaturuli werilebis, moTxrobebis Teatraluri recenziebis gamoqveyneba. amave periodSi iyo axalgazrdul Jurnal `Cveni Taobis~ redaqtori. 1938 wels aleqsandre WeiSvilma gamoaqveyna romani `lelo~. 1943 wels man daicva sakandidato disertacia Temaze `mxatvruli saxis dinamika vaJa fSavelas SemoqmedebaSi~. 1948 wels gamoica aleqsandre WeiSvilis kritikuli werilebi, romelSic avtorma moaTavsa Semdegi naSromebi: `vefxistyaosani~ da `qarTveli romantikosebi~, `lirikuli gmiri nikoloz baraTaSvilis poeziaSi~, `mxatvruli saxis dinamika vaJa fSavelas poemebSi~ da a.S. 1948 wels daibeWda roman `lelos~ meore nawili. avtorma romanis meore nawilis Seqmnas moandoma 10 welze meti. romans hqonda didi gamoxmaureba. 1950 wels igi aRiniSna stalinuri premiiT. 1955 wels `saxelgamma~ gamouSva aleqsandre WeiSvilis narkvevebi da werilebi 1957 wels gamodis aleqsandre WeiSvilis rCeuli nawerebis pirveli tomi. 1958 wels aleqsandre WeiSvili SemoqmedebiTi mivlinebaSi yofnis periodSi rCeba sacxovreblad dasavleT germaniis federaciul respublikaSi. 1962 wels aleqsandre WeiSvili aqveynebs moTxrobas `sisxlis fasi~ gazeT `frankfurter algemaine caitungis 1962 wlis 18 agvistos nomerSi~. amave periodSi aleqsandre WeiSvili mTeli Zalebis daZabviT muSaobda roman `lelos~ axal, gardaqmnil variantze. 1962 wlis 6 seqtembers qalaq ober-esenSi igi gardaicvala gulis infarqtiT.  dabadebis TariRis mimarT redaqciis pozicia efuZneba vaJas publikacias `mcire SeniSvna~ (1912). gTavazobT amonarids: `Cemi nawerebis gamomcemlebis sayuradRebod vwer am SeniSvnas, rom dRevandeli Secdoma ar ganmeordes... Tu biografia iwereba, unda da-

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iweros simarTliT, nametnavad siyalbe unda Seswordes Cem sicocxleSive, radgan igi Cem sikvdilis Semdegac ibartyebs sakmaod. me davibade sof. CargalSi 1862 w. 15 maiss~... (vaJa-fSavela, TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli xuT tomad. t. V, gam-ba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, Tbilisi, 1961 w.).

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hans-georg gadameri (1900-2002)

gagebis wris Sesaxeb hermenevtikuli wesi, rom mTeli (das Ganze) nawilidan (das Einzelne), xolo nawili mTelidan gamomdinare unda gavigoT, antikuri ritorikidan momdinareobs da Tanamedrove hermenevtikam mWevrmetyvelebis xelovnebidan gagebis xelovnebaze gadmoitana. es gaxlavT wriuli urTierTmimarTeba, romelic aqac aris da iqac. mTeli, romelSic garkveuli sazrisia nagulisxmebi, maSin xdeba gasagebi, rodesac nawilebi, romlebic mTelidan gamomdinare ganisazRvrebian, Tavis mxriv am mTels gansazRvraven. ase warimarTeba gagebis procesi mTelidan nawilisaken da ukan mTelisaken. xolo amocana mizanmimarTuli wriuli svliT mignebuli/gagebuli azris gafarToeba da ganvrcobaa. Yyoveli calkeulis mTelTan Tanxvedra gagebis (Verstehen) marTebulobis kriteriumia. am Tanxvedris ararseboba gagebis marcxs niSnavs. hermenevtikuli wre (der hermeneutische Zirkel) nawilisa da mTelis Sesaxeb Slaiermaxerma rogorc obieqturi, ise subieqturi TvalsazrisiT erTmaneTisagan ganasxvava. rogorc calkeuli sityva ekuTvnis teqstis mTlianobas, aseve calkeuli teqsti miekuTvneba Sesabamis literaturul Janrs, an mwerlis SemoqmedebiT mTlianobas, xolo mwerlis Semoqmedeba _ Sesabamis literaturul mimdinareobas. meore mxriv, igive teqsti, rogorc SemoqmedebiTi aqtis manifestacia, miekuTvneba avtoris sulieri/Sinagani cxovrebis erTobliobas (das Ganze des Seelenlebens). Slaiermaxeris mixedviT swo-

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litmcodneobiTi interesebidan gamomdinare, ibeWdeba mcire SemoklebiT. (mTarg.).  igulisxmeba germaneli religiis filosofosi, Teologi da platonis filosofiis germanul enaze mTargmneli fridrih Slaiermaxeri (1868-1834), romelmac pirvelma Camoayaliba hermenevtikis, rogorc teqstis ganmartebisa da gagebis xelovnebis, safuZvlebi naSromSi `hermenevtika da kritika~ (postum 1838) (mTarg.).

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red amgvari obieqturi da subieqturi erTianobis safuZvelzea SesaZlebeli srulyofli gageba. am Teoriaze dayrdnobiT, Semdgom dilTai saubrobs `struqturisa~ da èrT mTavar wertilSi centrirebis~ (“Zentrierung in einem Mittelpunkt”) Sesaxeb, saidanac gamomdinareobs mTelis gageba. amgvarad, dilTai gverds uvlis istoriul sibrtyes (“die geschichtliche Welt”) da yovelgvari interpretaciis safuZvelmdeb principad acxadebs teqstis gagebas Tavad teqstidan amosvliT (aus sich selbst). magram ismis kiTxva, ramdenad zustadaa gagebuli Tavad gagebis wriuli moZraoba. is, rac Slaiermxerma subieqtur interpretaciad gansazRvra, savsebiT unda ukuvagdoT. rodesac Cven teqstis gagebas vcdilobT, Cven Cveni Tavi avtoris sulier wyobaSi (seelische Verfassung) ki ar Segvyavs, aramed (Tuki mainc da mainc sakuTari Tavis Seyvanaze (Sichversetzen) visaubrebT) _ mis TvalsazrisSi. es imas niSnavs, rom, ris Sesaxebac sxva gvesaubreba, imis marTebulobas vaRiarebT da viRebT mxedvelobaSi. ufro metic: Tuki Cven gageba gvsurs, sxvisi argumentebis kidev ufro gamyarebas unda SevecadoT. amgvari ram ukve saubarSi xdeba, xolo dawerilis gagebis dros ufro metad, vinaidan Cven im sazrisSemcvelis (Sinnhaftes) ganzomilebaSi vmoZraobT, romelic, TavisTavad, gasagebi mocemulobaa, da romelic aranair motivacias ar gvaZlevs saimisod, rom mocemuli sazrisi mainc da mainc sxvis subieqturobas davukavSiroT (e. i. àvtoris sulieri/Sinagani cxovrebis erTobliobas~ [gadameri], anu, avtoris sulier wyobas _ mTarg.). amgvarad, hermenevtikis amocana sulTa idumali komunikaciis wvdoma ki ara, aramed saerToO sazrisSi (“am gemeinsamen Sinn”) wilnayarobis mopovebaa. magram am wris arc obieqturi mxare _ ise, rogorc amas Slaiermaxeri aRwers _ Seesabameba saqmis namdvil arss. yovelgvari gagebinebisa da gagebis mizania Tanxmoba/Tanxvedra arsebiTSi (Einverständnis in der Sache). Sesabamisad, her-

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igulisxmeba germaneli filosofosi, sicocxlis filosofiis warmomadgeneli vilhelm dilTai (1833-1911) (mTarg.).

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menvtikis mudmivi amocanaa, darRveuli Tanxmobis/Tanxvedris (Einverständnis) aRdgena. amas hermenevtikis istoriac adasturebs. gavixsenoT netari avgustine, romlis Tanaxmadac Zveli aRTqma qristianuli moZRvrebiT unda iqnas ganmartebuli. an gavixsenioT protestantizmis adreuli periodi, romlis winaSec igive problema idga, da bolos, gavixsenoT ganmanaTlebloba, romelis mixedviTac teqstis `srulyofili gageba~ (“der vollkommene Verstand”) istoriuli interpretaciis gziT miiRweva. arsebiTi siaxle maSin iCens Tavs, rodesac romantizmi da Slaiermaxeri tradiciis uwyvetobas (anu, istorizmis princips _ mTarg.) aRar ganixilaven yovelgvari hermenevtikuli midgomis safuZvlad, ramdenadac isini TavianT midgomas universalobis principze afuZnebdnen. xolo Slaiermaxeris uSualo winamorbedi, filologi fridrih asti hermenevtikis amocanebs/miznebs siRrmiseulad iazrebda, rodesac moiTxovda, rom hermenevtikas Tanxmoba unda daemyarebina antikurobasa da qristianobas Soris _ axleburad ganWvretil antikurobasa da qristianul tradicias Soris. GganmanaTleblobisagan gansxvavebiT, es ukve sruliad axali midgomaa, vinaidan aq saqme tradiciuli gadmocemis avtoritetulobasa da kritikuli gonebis urTierTmimarTebas ki ar exeba, aramed tradiciis or elements Soris urTierTmimarTebas, romlis mizania maTi morigeba/Serigeba. me mgonia, rom amgvari swavleba antikurobisa da qristianobis erTianobis Sesaxeb hermenevtikisaTvis Seicavs WeSmaritebis moments, rac Slaiermaxerma da misma mimdevrebma usamarTlod ukuagdes. fr. astma Tavisi spekulaturuli azrovnebis Zalmosilebis wyalobiT gagvafrTxila, rom istoriaSi warsuli gveZebna da ara awmyos WeSmaritebani. am fonze ki Slaiermaxeris hermenvtikuli midgoma meTodologiur cdomilebas Seicavs.

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fridrih asti (1778–1841), germaneli filosofiis istorikosi da klasikuri filologiis profesori. hermenevtikaSi misi mTavari naSromia `ZiriTadi mimarTulebani gramatikaSi, hermenevtikasa da kritikaSi~ (1808) (mTarg.)

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yoveli marTlzomieri ganmarteba (Auslegung) unda moeridos, teqsts Tavs moaxvios sakuTari mignebebi (die Willkür der Einfälle) da sakuTari SezRuduli saazrovno Cvevebi (Denkgewohnheiten), ganmmarteblis mzera Tavad teqstis saganTa arsisken (auf die Sachen) unda iyos mimarTuli. teqstis saganTa arsis gaTvaliswineba, cxadia, interpretatoris erTjeradi `marjve~ gadawyvetileba ki araa, aramed marTlac upirvelesi, mudmivi da saboloo amocana. mniSvnelovania, rom mzera myarad da mudmivad iyos mipyrobili teqstis saganTa arsze, rom amgvarad aviridoT cdomilebani, romlebic ganmmartebels mudmivad xvdeba gzaze. visac teqstis gageba unda, akeTebs monaxazs. is TavisTvis winaswar moxazavs mTelis sazriss (den Sinn des Ganzen), rogorc ki teqstSi pirvelive sazrisiseuli ram Cndeba. is ki Cndeba imitom, rom teqsts gansazRvruli sazrisis molodinis (Erwartungen auf einen Sinn) ganwyobiT vkiTxulobT. swored am winaswari monaxazis SemuSavebaSi mdgomareobs imis gageba, rac teqstSi mun myofobs (dasteht) (xolo am winaswari monaxazis (Vorentwurf) koreqtireba, cxadia, mudmivad xdeba imis mixedviT, rac ufro vuRrmavdebiT teqstis sazriss). amgvarad, yoveli winaswari monaxazi SesaZloa daeqvemdebaros revizias da erTis nacvlad teqstis ZiriTadi sazrisis sxva monaxazi (Entwurf) iqnas SemuSavebuli; aseve, SesaZloa urTierTdapirispirebuli monaxazebi erTmaneTs SevudaroT da gadavamuSaoT, vidre ZiriTadi sazrisi sabolood ar dadgindeba. aq ki cxadia, rom ganmarteba warimarTeba teqstze winaswari Tvalsazrisis (Vorbegriff) SemuSavebis safuZvelze, romelsac Sesatyvisi saboloo Tvalsazrisi (Begriff) cvlis. monaxazis swored es mudmivi xelaxali SemuSaveba (Neu-Entwerfen), romelic gagebisa da ganmartebisas azrTa msvlelobas gansazRvravs _ aris is procesi, romelsac haidegeri aRwers. vinc gagebas cdilobs, SesaZloa mcdari winaswari Tvalsazrisi (Vor-Meinung) SeimuSaos, romelic 

martin haidegeri (1889-1976), cnobili germaneli filosofosi, egzistencializmis erT-erTi fuZemdebeli. misi mTavari naSromia `yofiereba da dro~ (1927). gadameri haidegeris mowafe iyo (mTarg.).

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teqstis saganTa arss ar Seesabameba. magram gagebis procesSi mudmiv amocanad dgas, ganmmartebelma gabedos marTebuli, teqstis saganTa arsis Sesatyvisi winaswari monaxazis SemuSaveba, e. i. im winaswari daSvebis (Vorwegnahme) SemuSaveba, romelis marTebulebac Semdgom teqstis saganTa arsTan mimarTebisas dadgindeba. aq sxva “obieqturoba” ar arsebobs, Tu ara marTebuli winaswari Tvalsazrisis SemuSavebiT miRweuli obieqturoba. swored rom keTilgonivrulia qmedeba, rodesac ganmmartebeli (Ausleger) teqsts sakuTar TavSi mocemuli winaswari Tvalsazrisis safuZvelze ki ar miudgeba, aramed sakuTari mosazrebis legitimurobasa da marTebulobas Tavad teqstis saganTa arsis gaTvaliswinebiT gadaamowmebs. es safuZvliani moTxovna unda gaviazroT rogorc im meTodis radikalizeba, romelsac Cven realurad yovelTvis viyenebT: imis miuxedavad, vinmes vusmenT, Tu raimes vkiTxulobT, mosmenilsa an teqstis Sinaarsze aranairi sakuTari winaswari Tavalsazrisi ar unda SevimuSaoT, e. i. aq sakuTari Tvalsazrisebi unda daiviviwyoT (aq gadameri xazs usvams, rom mosmenil da wakiTxul teqsts sakuTari subieqturi Tvalsazrisebi garedan ar unda movaxvioT Tavs _ mTarg.). aseT SemTxvevaSi ufro metad gaxsnili viqnebiT sxvisi azris, an teqstis sazrisis mimarT da sakuTari Tvalsazrisebis erTobliobas an mas mivusadagebT, an Cvens Tvalsazrisebs sxvis Tvalsazriss davuqvemdebarebT. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, Cvens SesaZlo TvalsazrisTa mravalferovnebis farglebSi _ e. i. imis farglebSi, sadac Cven CvenTvis raime azrianis mignebas veliT _ yvelaferi ar aris SesaZlebeli, da vinc kargad ar miugdebs yurs imas, rasac sxva realurad ambobs, maSin is Tavad sakuTari savaraudo Tvalsazrisebis (Sinnerwartungen) mravalferovnebaSic ver gaerkveva. hermenevtika, hermenevtikuli mizandasaxuloba TavisTavad svams kiTxvas (teqtis) saganTa arsis Sesaxeb da es mizandasaxuloba mudmivad am kiTxvis mieraa determinebuli. am gziT hermenevtikuli qmedeba myar safuZvels moipovebs. Sesabamisad, visac gageba surs, is ukve sakuTari winaswari Tvalsazrisis SemTxveviTobas imTaviTve aRar daeyrdnoba, Tavad teqstis Tvalsazriss jiutad da Tamnimdevrulad

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aRar wauyruebs da mcadri gagebac ukugdebuli iqneba. visac teqstis gageba surs, is umetesad mzadaa, Tavad teqsts aTqmevinos raime (reden lassen). amitom, hermenvtikulad gawvrTnili goneba/cnobiereba (Bewusstsein) teqstis sxvagavarobis (Andersheit) misaRebad imTaviTve mzad unda iyos. aseTi mzadyofna ki, cxadia, ganmmarteblisagan arc saqmian “neitralitets” moiTxovs da arc TviTganeitralebas. igi gulisxmobs, rom sakuTari winare Sefasebebisa (Vorurteil) da winare Tvalsazrisebisadmi (Vormeinung) SeimuSaos distancirebuli midgoma (abhebbare Aneignung). mniSvnelovania, vakontroloT sakuTari winaswar SemuSavebuli Tvalsazrisi (Voreingenommenheit), raTa amiT teqsti Tavis sxvagvarobaSi dafuZndes. amgvarad ki iqmneba imis SesaZlebloba, rom teqstis saganTa arsi/WeSmariteba gamovlindes (anu, gamovlindes Tavad teqstis saTqmeli, gamovlindes is, rasac teqsti Cven gvauwyebs, swored is sazrisi, riTac teqsti Cven mogvmarTavs, anu, saboloo jamSi gamovlindes teqstis WeSmariti sazrisi – mTarg.). [...] Sedegad, gaazrebul, gacnobierebul midgomebze (metodisches Bewustsein) dafuZnebuli gagebis procesi sakuTari winaswari varaudebis (Antizipationen) realizebisken/dafuZnebisaken ki ar miiswrafvis, aramed maT winaswar acnobierebs, raTa Semdgom isini akontorlios da amgvarad teqstis saganTaAarsis marTebuli gageba daafuZnos. swored amas gulisxmobda haidegeri, rodesac moiTxovda, rom samecniero Tema `gagvemyarebina~ Tavad saganTa arsis gaTvaliswinebiT SemuSavebuli ganzraxvis (Vorhabe), winaswari ganWvretisa (Vorsicht) da qmedebis (Vorgriff) safuZvelze. amgvarad, haidegeris analizSi hermenvtikuli wre (der hermeneutische Zirkel) sruliad axal mniSvnelobas iZens. aqamde arsebul TeoriebSi gagebis wriuli struqtura mudam calkeulisa da mTelis formaluri urTierTmimarTebis farglebSi rCeboda, sadac gadamwyveti iyo subieqturi midgoma _ mTelis intuiciuri winaswardaSveba da Semdgom calkeulSi mTelis gamovlinebis warmoCena da axsna. am TeoriaSi wriuli moZraoba aqeT da iqiT (e. i. mTelidan nawilisaken da nawilidan mTelisaken _ mTarg.) teqstSi ki ara, teqstis

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farglebs miRma warimarTeboda, sadac teqstis srulyofili gageba gamoricxuli iyo. gageba ki kulminacias aRwevda divinatorul aqtSi (intuitiur gamo/amocnobaSi), rac mTlianad avtors (e. i. avtoris `sulier wyobas~ _ mTarg.) miemarTeboda da aqedan gamomdinare, auqmebda yvelafer sxvas da ucxos, rac teqstSia. amis sapirispirod, haidegeri Seicnobs, rom teqstis gagebas mudmivad gansazRvravs winare Tvalsazrisis winmswrafi moZraoba. is, razec haidegeri aq miuTiTebs, sxva araferia, Tu ara istoriuli cnobierebis (das historische Bewusstsein) konkretizaciis aucilebloba. amgvarad ki moTxovnilia sakuTari winareazrebisa (Vormeinung) da winaswar SemuSavebuli Tvalsazrisebis kontroli da gagebis procesis istoriuli cnobierebiT (anu istorizmis principiT _ mTarg.) gamsWvalva, raTa istoriulad sxvagavaris Semecnebam da istoriuli meTodebis gamoyenebam ar gamoricxos is, rac masSia Cadebuli. mTelisa da nawilis urTierTmimarTebis wre, romelic yvelanair gagebas udevs safuZvlad, Cemi azriT, kidev sxva damatebiTi gansazRvrebiTa da SinaarsiTac unda gafarTovdes, rasac me `srulyofilebis winaswardaSvebas~ (“Vorgriff der Vollkommenheit”) vuwodeb. es winaswardaSveba xazs usvams, rom gasagebi mxolod isaa, saidanac azri srulyofilad gveZleva (eine vollkommene Einheit von Sinn). srulyofilebis winaswardaSvebas jer kidev im momentSi wamovayenebT, roca wigns vkiTxulobT xolme.Mmxolod maSin, rodesac es winapiroba ar vlindeba da teqsti gagugebari xdeba, Cven am winapirobas (e. i. teqstis azrobrivi Sinaarsis srulyofil gamovlenas _ mTarg.) kiTxvis niSnis qveS vayenebT, eWvi Segvaqvs teqstSi mocemul gadmocemaSi (Überlieferung) da vcdilobT mis koreqtirebas. (azris) srulyofilebis winaswardaSveba, romelic yvela Cvens gagebas win uZRvis, Tavad warmoCndeba rogorc teqstis Sinaarsis ganmsazRvreli mTlianoba. aq mxolod imanenturi azris is mTlianoba (immanente Sinneinheit) ki araa winapirobad mocemuli, romelic mkiTxvls orientacias aniWebs, aramed is, rom mkiTxevlismieri gageba mudmivad gansazRvrulia im transcendenturi sazrisis molodiniT (transzendente Sinner-

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wartung), romelic teqstSi nagulisxmebi azris WeSmaritebis (Wahrheit) safuZvelze warmoiqmneba. iseve, rogorc werilis mimRebi werilSi mocemul ambebs/cnobebs, sagnebsa da movlenebs, anu imas, rac man unda gaigos, imTaviTve swored werilis damweris TvaliT xedavs, e. i. WeSmaritebad/sinamdviled imas miiCnevs, rasac werilis damweri wers, da ar cdilobs Tavd misi TvalTaxedvis gagebas; da iseve, rogorc Cven gvjera werilis damweris informaciebisa, radgan is im dros iq iyo da ukeT icis saqmis viTareba, aseve, Cvenc istoriulad gadmocemuli teqsti (überlieferte Text) gvaZlevs mimarTulebas, rom teqstma ukeT icis saqmis viTareba, vidre Cvenma sakuTarma winare Tvalsazrisebma (Vormeinungen). amgvarad, srulyofilebis winaswardaSveba mxolod imas ki ar gulisxmobs, rom teqstma sakuTari azri (Sinn) srulyofilad unda gamoTqvas/gamoTqma unda SeZlos, aramed imasac, rom is, rasac teqsti ambobs, srulyofili/sruli WeSmaritebaa (Wahrheit). gageba pirvel rigSi gulisxmobs teqstSi mocemul saganTa arsis wvdomas (sich in der Sache verstehen), xolo, meore rigSi, sxvisi Tvalsazrisis wamowevasa da gagebas. amgvarad, upirvelesi hermenvtikuli winapirobaa saganTa arsSi wvdoma (Sachverständnis), im saganTa arsTan saqmis qona (das ZutunHaben), rac teqstSia. swored amiTaa ganpirobebuli sruli/ mTliani azris (einheitlicher Sinn) dafuZneba da aq vlindeba im midgomis arsi, rasac Cven srulyofilebis winaswardaSveba vuwodeT. xolo safuZvelmdebi da saerTo winare Sefasebis (Vorurteile) meSveobiT xorcs isxams mikuTvnebulobis momenti (Zugehörigkeit), e. i. istoriul-hermenevtikuli midgoma iTvaliswinebs tradiciis faqtors (aq gadameri xazs usvams teqstSi asaxul da intencirebul konkretul istoriul epoqaSi mocemul obieqtur istoriul konteqsTa jams da ara ama Tu im istoriul epoqaSi miRvawe ama Tu im calkeuli avtoris subieqtur Tvalsazriss _ mTarg.). hermenevtika iqidan unda amovides, rom visac gageba surs, man gagebis procesi uSualod teqstis saganTa arss (die Sache), anu istoriul gadmocemas (Überlieferung) (e. i. obieqtur istoriul konteqsts _ mTargm.) unda daukavSiros da teqstSi mocemul im tradiciasTan daamyaros kavSiri, saida-

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nac istoriuli gadmocema gvesaubreba. meore mxriv, hermenevtikulma cnobierebam isic icis, rom mas ar gaaCnia am saganTa arsTan TavisTavadi erToba, rogorc es uwyveti tradiciisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. maT Soris arsebobs mSobliurobisa da ucxoobis polaroba da aq hermenevtikis amocanaa, rom man Slaiermaxeris msgavsad es polaroba `fsiqologiurad~ ki ar daZlios _ individualobis saidumlos gaTvaliswinebiT (e. i. avtoris Sinagani sulieri samyaros gaTvaliswinebiT _ mTarg.), aramed WeSmaritad hermenevtikulad, anu, Tqmulis (Gesagtes), teqstSi gamoTqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT: anu, hermenevtikam unda gaigos is ena, romlis saSualebiTac Cven istoriuli gadmocema mogvmarTavs, unda gaigos Tqma (die Sage), romelsac istoriuli gadmocema gveubneba (uns sagt). pozicia mSobliurobasa da ucxoobas Soris, romelsac Cven istoriuli gadmocema gviqmnis, aris SuaSi yofna istoriulad nagulisxmeb, distanciaze myof sagnebsa (e. i. istoriuli konteqstsa _ mTarg.) da tradiciaze mikuTvnebulobas (e. i. hermenevtis sakuTar ideologiur poziciebs _ mTarg.) Soris. Hhermenevtikis WeSmariti adgili swored am SorisSia (in diesem Zwischen). swored am Suagulidan, romelic hermenevtikis umTavresi adgilia, iRebs saTaves is, rac aqamde hermenevtikaSi ugulvebelyofili iyo da rac axla misi umTavresi aspeqtia: droSi distancia (Zeitenabstand) da misi mniSvneloba gagebis procesisaTvis. Ddro, TavisTvad, ar aris is ufskruli, romelic unda gadailaxos, romelic TiTqosda distancias amyarebs; aramed, sinamdvileSi dro swored is safuZvelia, sadac aqtualuri gageba idgams fesvs. amitom, droSi distancia ar aris is mocemuloba, romelic unda daiZlios. EdroSi distanciis daZleva istorizmisTvis iyo is naivuri winapiroba, romlis mixedviTac, TiTqos epoqis suli unda SevigrZnoT, misi cnebebiTa da warmodgenebiT unda viazrovnoT _ da ara sakuTari _ ris safuZvelzec movipovebT istoriul obieqturobas. sinamdvileSi, droSi distancia unda gaviazroT, rogorc gagebis warmarTvis produqtiuli da pozitiuri SesaZlebloba. droSi distancia xom uwyveti tardiciiTa da gadmocemebiTaa aRvsili, romlis WrilSi Cven mTeli istoriuli

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gadmocemis ganWvreta SegviZlia. Aaq cudi ar iqneba, procesis/xdomilebis (Geschehen) WeSmarit produqtiulobaze visaubroT. yoveli CvenTagani grZnobs sakuTar SefasebaTa uZlurebasa da ususurobas, rodesac droSi distancirebis arqona myar kriteriumebs ar gvTavazobs. amitomacaa, rom Tanamedrove xelovnebis ESefaseba mecnierebas gaurkvevlobasa da uZlurebaSi amyofebs: ZiriTadad, es ukontrolo winaswari Sefasebania (Vorurteile), romlebic Tanamedrove xelovnebas rezonanss aniWeben, da romelTa safuZvelzec Cven Semdgom warmodgenas viqmniT Tanamedrove xelovnebaze. am winaswar Sefasebebs xelovnebis nimuSebis WeSmariti arsis gagebasTan araferi aqvT saerTo. Mmxolod da mxolod amgvar aqtualur mimarTebaTa ukugdebis Sedegadaa SesaZlebeli xelovnebis Tanamedrove nimuSebis namdvili arsis wvdoma da imis gageba, rac maTSia naTqvami. WeSmariti sazrisis gamoxSirva/ gafiltvra (die Herausfilterung des wahren Sinns), romelic teqstsa an xelovnebis qmnilebaSia Cadebuli, usasrulo procesia. droSi distancia, romelic am filtracias biZgs aZlevs da warmarTavs, mudmiv moZraobasa/gadaadgilebasa da droSi ganfenilobas gulisxmobs da swored es aris is pozitiuri mxare, romelic ase mniSvnelovania gagebis procesisaTvis. igi im winaswar Sefasebebs (Vorurteile) aneitralebs, romlebic calmxrivi bunebisani arian da im winare mosazrebebs wamoswevs win, romlebic WeSmarit gagebas uwyoben xels. swored droSi distanciis safuZvelze ZaluZs gadawyvitos hermenvtikam problema, rasac WeSmariti winare Sefasebebis yalbi winare Sefasebebisagan (Vorurteile) gamijvna hqvia. hermenevtikaSi gawafuli cnobiereba aq istoriul cnobierebas (ein historisches Bewusstsein) eyrdnoba. Ees istoriuli cnobiereba zustad iazrebs gagebis procesis Tanamdev da warmmarTvel winare Sefasebebs, ris safuZvelzec istoriuli gadmocema (Überlieferung), rogorc sxvagvari azrovneba (Andersmeinung), Tavis Tavs warmoaCens da Tavis Tavs mxedvelobaSi misaRebs xdis. raimeze mopovebuli winare Sefaseba (Vorurteil) swored sakuTar legitimurobaSi unda dafuZndes, vinaidan vidre igi dominirebs, manamde mas Sefasebad (Urteil)

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ver ganvixilavT. winare Sefaseba uSualod Cvengan ar warmoiSoba, is, ase vTqvaT, “gaRizianebul unda iqnas”. gamRizianeblis rolSi ki istoriuli gadmocema gvevlineba, vinaidan, rac gasagebad gvizidavs, jer Tavad unda dafuZndes Tavis sxvadmyofobaSi (in seimem Andersein). pirveli nabiji, riTac gageba iwyeba, aris yuradRebis mipyroba imis mimarT, rac Cven uSualod mogvmarTavs (anspricht). es aris hermenevtikul winapirobaTagan (hermeneutische Bedingung) yvelaze umaRlesi hermenevtikuli winapiroba. axla ki cxadia, Tu ra aris amiT moTxovnili: sakuTari winare Sefasebebis droebiTi aRkveTa, sakuTari winare Sefasebebisagan Tavis Sekaveba. amitom, logikurad rom mivudgeT, SefasebaTa, da Sesabamisad, winare SefasebaTa droebiT aRkveTas da maTgan Tavis Sekavebas ukve aqvs kiTxvis dasmis/SekiTxvis/gamokiTxvis struqtura (die Struktur der Frage). kiTxvis arsi gagebis procesis srulyofili ganviTarebis SesaZleblobaTa Seqmna da SenarCunebaa. Tu winare Sefaseba saeWvoa (fraglich) da ar Seesabameba imas, rasac gveubneba erTi, an meore teqsti, es imas ar niSnavs, rom es winare Sefaseba unda ukuvagdoT da mis magivrad sxva winare Sefasebas mivaniWoT Rirebuleba. Aaq ufro metad istoriuli obieqtivizmis (historische Objektiwismus) naivuroba vlindeba: Eam e. w. istorizmis (Historismus) naivuroba ki isaa, rom igi amgvar refleqsiebs gaurbis, sakuTar meTods gadaWarbebul ndobas ucxadebs da am dros sakuTarive istoriuloba (Geschichtlichkeit) aviwydeba. WeSmaritad istoriulma azrovnebam sakuTari istoriuloba yovelTvis mxedvelobaSi unda iqonios. swored am SemTxvevaSi daanebebs igi Tavs istoriuli obieqtebis fantomebis devnas, da obieqtSi sxvas/gansxvavebuls (das Andere) Seicnobs, sxvis sxvad Secnobasa da amiT rogorc erTis, ise meores Secnobas iswavlis (e. i. gagebis procesSi, erTi mxriv, istoriulad gadmocemuli teqstis sazrisis, romelic teqstisave TqmaSi vlndeba, da, meore mxriv, sakuTar winare SefasebaTa urTierTmimarTebas Soris sinTezisa da harmoniis dafuZneba _ mTarg.). Aamdenad, WeSmariti istoriuli sagani (die historische Gegnstand) erTisa da meoris erTianobaa, erTisa da meoris urTierTmimarTebaa, sadac

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rogorc istoriis realoba, ise istoriuli gagebis realobacaa mocemuli (e. i. aq moTxovnilia sainterpretacio teqstSi mocemuli istoriuli konteqstisa da mocemul istoriul momentSi warmarTuli da am istoriul momentSi mocemuli aqtualuri ideologiiT ganpirobebuli gagebis procesis mTlianoba _ mTrag.). saganTa arsze/saqmeze orientirebulma hermenvtikam gagebis procesSi swored istoriis realoba (Wirklichkeit der Geschichte) unda warmoaCinios. me amas zemoqmedebis istorias (“Wirkungsgeschichte”) vuwodeb. gageba zemoqmedebis istoriiT ganpirobebuli procesia, da aq isic cxadia, rom es enobriobaze (Sparchlichkeit) (anu istoriul procesSi dagrovili da enaSi gacxadebuli hermenevtikuli codna _ mTarg.) mimarTuli gagebis procesia, romelSic hermenevtikuli qmedeba Tavis gzas ikvalavs. germanulidan Targmna konstantine bregaZem Targmnilia Semdegi gamocemis mixedviT: Hans-Georg Gadamer: “Vom Zirkel des Verstehens” (S. 54-61); in: H.-G. Gadamer, Kleine Schriften IV: Variationen. Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, 1977.

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gamoxmaureba, recenzia

manana SamiliSvili

Tamaz jologuas `qarTuli Jurnalistikis istoria (XIX saukune)~, nakveTi I gadauWarbeblad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Tamaz jologuas naSromi _ `qarTuli Jurnalistikis istoria (XIX saukune), nakveTi I~, qarTuli Jurnalistikis mdidari tradiciebis xelaxali mokvlevisa da gaazrebis mcdelobaa. ZiebisTvis moniSnuli periodi istoriis is monakveTia, romelic metadre srulyofilad, sistemuradaa Seswavlili da axlis saTqmelad sivrces TiTqos arc tovebs. magram avtorma SeZlo dRevandelobis gadasaxedidan originaluri TvalTaxedviT warmoeCina winare saukunis problematika, daesva swori aqcentebi, gamoeyo umTavresi, bazisuri nawili, is, rac marad ucvlelia da masze daefuZnebina Tanamedrove samyaros dominant TeoriaTa WrilSi danaxuli da Sesatyvisi enobrivi struqturiT gamoxatuli RirebulebaTa myari sistema. saboloo jamSi, am yovelivem naSroms Tanamedrove mkiTxvelisaTvis aqtualuri JReradoba SesZina. Sesabamisad, warmodgenili naSromis mravalTagan erTerT mTavar Rirsebad warsulis problemaTa Tanamedroveobis konteqstSi gaazrebis mcdeloba migvaCnia. Cveni sityvebis dasturad, naSromis mimarT studentobisa da zogadad, axalTaobis didi interesi unda moviSvelioT: naSromi studentTaTvis iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis biblioTekaSi jer kidev gamocemamde gaxldaT xelmisawvdomi da dRemde ZiriTad samecniero wyarodaa CarTuli aRniSnuli sagnis Semswavlel saleqcio kursebSi. sakiTxs masStaburad Tu warmovidgenT, davrwmundebiT, raoden rTuli, sapasuxismgeblo da Sromatevadi samuSaos Catareba mouxda mkvlevars. am metad saSur saqmes rom SesWideboda, igi xelaxla eziara qarTuli Jurnalistikis istoriis Seswavlis kuTxiT dagrovil TiTqmis aswlovan codnas. Tamaz jologuam erTianad gaiazra mTeli saukunis qar-

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Tuli saazrovno procesi, amomwuravad gaanaliza sakiTxis irgvliv arsebuli samecniero literatura da, rac friad faseulia, avTenturi gamocdileba epoqis TaviseburebaTa gaTvaliwinebiT, evropaSi mimdinare procesebTan kavSirSi ganixila. naTqvams naTlad mowmobs uxvi da Zalzed sagulisxmo SeniSvnebi, romlebic TiTqmis yvela gverdzea gamotanili da rac ara marto konkretul problemaSi gasarkvevad, aramed zogadad, mkiTxvelis Tvalsawieris gafarToebisTvisac Zlier sasargebloa. naSromis ZiriTad maxasiaTeblebze saubrisas, cxadia, avtoris xelwerac unda vaxsenoT. warmodgenili saxelmZRvanelos (rogorc aRvniSneT, Tavisi mizandasaxulobiTa da mravalmxrivobiT igi uTuod am kategorias miekuTvneba) aRiarebuloba misi Txrobis manerasac ukavSirdeba. naTeli, daxvewili, Tanamedrove samecniero terminologiiT zomierad Sezavebuli (sakiTxis Sreobrivad, siRrmiseulad warmoCenisTvis da ara TviTmiznurad, Tavmosawoneblad moxmobili) avtoriseuli gadmocemis ena da stili naSromis gamorCeulobis erT-erTi ganmapirobebeli faqtoria. dRes, eleqtronuli revoluciis epoqaSi, cxovrebis warmoudgenlad aCqarebuli tempi ukan moxedvis saSualebasac ar iZleva. arada, warsuli gamocdilebis gareSe SeuZlebelia axlis Seneba. kargia, roca globalizacias fexs vuwyobT, magram istoriuli mexsierebis wreta, rac am ukanasknel periodSi ase aSkarad TvalsaCinovdeba, kargs arafers gviqadis. tradiciebis uaryofiT sakuTar Tavs uaryof _ es aqsiomaa, romlis Sexsenebasac cdilobs Tamaz jologua Tavisi naSromiT. dRevandeli `regresuli progresis~ pirobebSi, rodesac istoriis gadaweris, misi TviTneburi `restavraciis~ safrTxe iqmneba, maradiuli mniSvnelobebis Semxsenebeli naSromi sulze miswrebaa, oazisia udabnoSi moxetiale mwyurvalisTvis! rac Seexeba wignis arqiteqtonikas, avtors jer mxolod pirveli nakveTi aqvs warmodgenili, romelic Svid mTavar periodul gamocemas (pirveli qarTuli gazeTidan moyolebuli, vidre `saqarTvelos moambemde~) moicavs. gamowvlilviTaa ganxiluli agreTve 1831-1855 wlebSi qarTuli presis gamocemis mcdelobebi. da rac Zalze mniSvnelovania, naS-

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roms erTvis konkretul pirTa, periodul gamocemaTa, TxzulebaTa da geografiul saxelTa saZieblebi, fotoilustraciebi. aqve SevniSnavT, rom avtors saxelmZRvanelos momdevno nawilic ukve mzad aqvs gamosacemad. vimedovnebT, didad arc misi dastambva daaxanebs. dasasrul, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Tamaz jologuas naSromi metad Rirebuli SenaZenia rogorc Jurnalistikis istoriis Semswavleli studentebisa da samecniero sazogadoebisTvis, aseve XIX saukunis qarTuli presis, sazogadoebrivi azris, kulturul-saganmanaTleblo da saliteraturo cxovrebiT dainteresebuli nebismieri mkiTxvelisTvis. igi marTlac Cinebuli gzamkvlevia metismetad vrcel masalaSi swori orientirebisaTvis.

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nona kupreiSvili

robaqiZis gamovlena grZeldeba cota xnis win erTma Tanamedrove qarTvelma mweralma, romelic kargad erkveva literaturuli (da ara marto literaturuli) subordinaciis sakiTxebSi, aseTi gancxadeba gaakeTa: viwyeb Cemi biblioTekis gantvirTvas, saidanac bevri avtori yovelgvari gulistkivilis gareSe gavaZeve. maT Soris, cxadia, grigol robaqiZec. misi naTqvami ase gavige: Tavidan viSoreb im avtorTa wignebs, romlebic srulad amovwure da Cemi inteleqtualuri zrdis ganvlil etapad mimaCniao. vfiqrob, Sefaseba cotaTi naCqarevi gamouvida, radgan grigol robaqiZis mxatvruli da publicisturi teqstebis gamovlena, Targmna Tu gamokvleva jer kidev grZeldeba da, rogorc specialistebi gvarwmuneben, mwerlis sazRvargareTuli arqivis didi nawilis Seswavla sruli datvirTviT momavalSi unda ganxorcieldes. amas adasturebs gamomcemloba àrtanujis~ mier warmodgenili moculobiTi proeqtic ùcnobi grigol robaqiZe~ (avtori zviad kvaracxelia), romlis farglebSi 2012 wels ukve rva wigni gamoica: `kavkasiuri novelebi~, piradi mimowera (gamosacemad moamzada m. qavTaraZem), germanulenovani romanebi `qalRmerTis Zaxili~ (mTargmn. d fanjikiZe), `mcvelni gralisa~ (mTargmn. T.kotrikaZe), `megi~ (mTargmn. n. gogolaSvili) da sami eseisturi krebuli, romelTa teqsti aseve germanulidan da rusulidan (`portretebi~) Targmna da gamocemisTvis moamzada manana kvataiam. bunebrivia, TiToeuli am gamocemaTagani seriozul midgomasa da safuZvlian analizs imsaxurebs. Tumca amjerad yuradRebas SevaCerebT m. kvataias Targmanebze, romelsac win uZRoda misi ara marto rogorc mTargmnelis, aramed mkvlevris interesi gr. robaqiZis mTliani Semoqmedebisadmi, gansakuTrebiT ki misi nawilisadmi, romelic enis barierisa da ZiriTadi saarqivo masalis dRemde saqarTvelos farglebs gareT yofnis gamo qarTveli mkiTxvelisaTvis xelmisawvdomi ar iyo. sxvadasxva dros gamoqveynebuli m. kvataias werilebi: `mwerali profetebi~ grigol robaqiZis `portretebidan~, ès skandaluri adolf hitle-

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ri~, `grigol robaqiZis `portretTa~ kaleidoskopidan~, `Taurmcenaris fenomenidan maradiuli dabrunebis ideamde~ (amave Temas vrcel qarTul-evropul konteqstSi safuZvlianad ganixilaven l. avaliani da k. bregaZe TavisU werilebSi) adastureben, rom robaqiZis eseebis Targmna, faqtobrivad, mwerlis konceptualuri mosazrebebis analizis gagrZelebaa. amitomacaa igi Sesrulebuli ara marto mwerlis stiluri Taviseburebis dacviT (rac iseT SemoqmedTan mimarTebiT, rogoric robaqiZea, umniSvnelovanesi amocanaa), aramed misi msofmxedvelobiTi sistemis Rrma codniT. yovelive es ki Targmans saTanado Rirsebas aniWebs. proeqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli grigol robaqiZis eseebis sami wigni qronologiurad ase SeiZleba davalagoT: 1919 wels TbilisSi, rusul enaze dabeWdili eseebis krebuli `portretebi~; 1935 wels germanul enaze diderixis gamomcemlobis mier gamoqveynebuli aseve eseebis krebuli `demoni da miTosi~ da mTargmnelis mier erT wignad gaerTianebuli da Termaturad Sekruli emigraciis wlebSi sxvadasxva dros Seqmnili (1947; 1962) konceptualuri Txzulebebi saerTo saTauriT `Cem Sesaxeb _ pro domo sua~. gr. robaqiZis Semoqmedebis farTo kvleva, faqtobrivad, Cveni Taobis Tvalwin daiwyo. jer kidev studentobis wlebSi, rodesac viwyebdiT sabWouri demagogiiT gadafaruli sakuTari samSoblos TiToeuli CvenganisTvis aRmoCenas da SeTvisebas, erTnairi interesiT vkiTxulobdiT ojaxebSi saswaulebrivad SemorCenil `gvelis perangsa~ Tu sagangebod Tambaqos gamWvirvale qaRaldze gadmobeWdil eseebs, romelTa Soris Caadaevis, lermontovisa Tu andrei belisadmi miZRvnili uzado rusuliT dawerili `portretebic~ iyo. imavdroulad T. Cxenkeli, romelmac Tavis gamokvlevaSi robaqiZe grigol kavkasielis saxeliT `gaapara~, CvenTvis literatoris maRalzneobriobis nimuSi iyo, xolo mavani funqcioneri, Tu ar vcdebi, 1973 wlis `komunistis~ binZuri statiis (`vin iyo grigol robaqiZe?~) avtori _ uimedo demagogi da doqtriniori. amas mohyva araerTi mniSvnelovani werili da vrceli naSromi (am TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa a. baqraZis `kardu~, anu cxovreba da Rvawli grigol robaqiZisa~), romelTa konteqstSi Camoyalibda ki-

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dec Cveni warmodgena ara marto grigol robaqiZis Rvawlze, aramed me-20 saukunis dasawyisis qarTuli kulturis ZiriTad mimarTulebebze, misi ganviTarebis perspeqtivebsa da im mkveTr kulturul deversifikaciaze, romelmac dasaxul miznebs didi xniT dagvaSora. kargad viciT, rom Taoba, romelsac grigol robaqiZe ekuTvnoda, Tavisufali, damoukidebeli saqarTvelosTvis emzadeboda. metic, kavkasiuri fenomeni, romelzedac isini fiqrs bedavdnen (aman ganapiroba, rogorc viciT, fsevdonomad `kavkasielis~ aReba) zogadad `kulturis anonimurobis~, misi `RvTaebrivi mravalferovnebis~gamovlenis konteqstSi ganixileboda, Tumca Tavisi originalobis gamo, msoflio kulturis axali da mniSvnelovani SenaZeniT gamdidrebis saSualebadac iyo aRiarebuli. amitomac am xalxebis kulturuli identobis SenarCunebis mizniT aqtualizebul iqna maTi erTianobis principi, romelic kavkasiis ara marto kulturuli, aramed politikuri Tavisuflebis winapirobad unda qceuliyo. am rwmeniT xdeboda qarTuli miTosis, qarTvelTa da mezobeli CrdiloeT kavkasiuri xalxebis, maTTan erTad ki rusebis kulturuli generaciis etapebisa da arqetipuli Zirebis Ziebac, rac, upirveles yovlisa, sakuTari erovnuli Tu pirovnuli iersaxis srulyofilad danaxvas emsaxureboda. magram grigol robaqiZis drom erTi gadaulaxavi problema, gordias kvanZis msgavsi erTi xlarTi gamokveTa: marTalia, evropaSi Seqmnili, magram rusulad transformirebuli da mis samSobloSi lamis absolutizmamde ayvanili socializmis ideis mimdevrebma, romlebsac ilia WavWavaZe `marqsizmis Tvalabmul TuTiyuSebs~ uwodebda, amosavlad samyaros materialisturi aRqmis principi aRiares. isini, rogorc Tavad gr. robaqiZe ganmartavs, `dedamiwas ganixilavdnen, viTarca wminda `materias~, riTac misi (dedamiwis) `ganxiblvisa da RvTisgan mitovebulobis~ sakmaod myari warmodgena Seqmnes (an amgvar Sexedulebebs legitimacia SesZines). vinaidan am konteqstSi maradiuli yoveldRiuris, amwamieris gamo iqna uaryofili da ìndividualuri pativayrili~, `yvelaferi dainerga viTarca anonimuri, usaxo internacionaluri~ _ Seiqmna im miuReblobis atmosfero, romelmac Tavad robaqiZe emigrantad, xolo mis

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TanamoazreTa erTi nawili sabWouri represiebis msxverplad, sxvebi ki Tavisuflebas moklebuli mwerlobis mZevlebad aqcia. am fonze paradoqsulic SeiZleba vuwodoT im imedgacruebas, romelic evropuli, miT ufro germanuli kulturis namdvil apologet grigol robaqiZes dasavleTSi eloda. eseSi `sicocxlis gancda dasavleTsa da aRmosavleTSi~ (krebulidan `demoni da miTosi~) aqcentirebulia swored `genezisis sunTqvas moklebuli~, ZirisZiramde xelyofili da evropuli akuratulobiT damuSavebuli landSaftebi, romlebic ucnaur kavkasiels arwmuneben imaSi, rom aq meore ukiduresoba gamefebula. robaqiZisave terminologiiT, dasavleTSi aRar aris ìs kosmiuri yofiereba, romelSiac miTis sunTqva AaRmocendeba xolme~. filosofiur aspeqtSi aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis Tanaarsebobis struqtura robaqiZis msoflmxedvelobis erT-erTi sakvanZo ideis, mcenarisa da Taurmcenaris urTierTmimarTebis principis, gaTvaliswinebiT ase lagdeba: àRmosavlur yofierebaSi Taurmcenare ufro xazgasmulia, vidre mcenare, amis sawinaaRmdegod, dasavleTis yofierebaSi metad TviT mcenarea...~. aseT viTarebaSi romeli veqtori unda gamxdariyo ganmsazRvreli qarTveli moazrovnisTvis, romelic jer kidev me-20 saukunis cxraasiani-aTiani wlebis mijnaze arCil jorjaZesTan saubarSi aqcents saqarTvelos sxeulebriv ganadgurebasa da misi sulis saswaulebriv gadarCenaze, amasTan erTad ki Seqmnili viTarebiT provocirebuli kulturis muSakTa gansakuTrebul misiaze svamda. mxolod esaa, sulis am mkrTal manifestaciasac da kulturis amara darCenilobasac Sesaferisi `gaformeba~, adekvaturi verbalizeba da rac mTavaria, moqmedeba unda mohyoloda (gaixseneT, ilias fenomenis robaqiZiseuli Sefaseba, romelic misi rogorc `moqmedi poetis~, `gmiri xelovanis~ ideas efuZneba; asevea rusTavelTanac, romlis sityva, robaqiZis azriT, Tamaris saqmiTaa ganmtkicebuli). vfiqrob, kulturis arsis siRrmiseulma gaazrebam, ara lokalizebulma, aramed yovlismomcvelma, masStaburma TvalTaxedvam, romelic Tavis mxriv vaJa fSavelas mier sruliad naTlad da araorazrovnad ganmartebuli kosmopolitizmisa da patriotizmis ambivalenturobas efuZneboda da SemoqmedebiTi procesis Sesaq-

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mesTan, samyaros saidumloebriv sawyisTan miaxloebad, robaqiZiseul definicias Tu gamoviyenebT, `gznebad~ gancdam grigol robaqiZe mis mier `mesame napirad~ wodebul poziciasTan miiyvana, romelic TavisTavad Zalze sayuradRebo fenomenia da rogorc maSin, aseve axlac, garkveul axsnas moiTxovs. maSin: germaniaSi gadaxvewili mwerali saWirod miiCnevda Tavisi yofili TanamokalmeebisTvis aexsna, rom igi, rogorc xelovani, verc sabWoeTisa da verc evropuli civilizaciis mxares ver iqneboda: `sabWoeTSi hgoniaT TiTqo me `meore~ napiras vidge. araa marTali. me vdgavar `mesame~ napirze _ mdinares aseTi napiric aqvs. vinc am napirze ar dgas, is verc moazred gamodgeba da verc xelovnad...~ da Semdeg azri ase MmTavrdeba: `..sul sxvaa uSualod momqmedi. mas ar SeuZlia `mesame~ napiridan moqmedeba..~ (`gulnadebi~). mwerali, romelic Tavis Tavs metafizikoss uwodebda da axla ukve realuradac iyo mowyvetili mSobliur ares, SemoqmedebiTi impulsis SesanarCuneblad ara TeTrisa da Savis opoziciur (da unda iTqvas, friad meryev) erTeulebs, aramed swored rom `mesame realobad~, ùmaRlesi Semecnebis~ gzad aRqmul `mdinaris mesame napirs~ irCevs. literaturismcodneebma, romlebsac sagangebod umuSaviaT mxatvruli droisa da mxatvruli sivrcis poetikaze, Rrmad gauazrebiaT baxtiniseuli qronotopuli Teoria da yovelive es mxatvrul-literaturul sistemasTan mimarTebiT ukvleviaT, kargad ician, rom swored am Sualedur poziciaSi, anu rogorc nabokovi ambobda gogolis Sesaxeb, transcendenturobis zRvarze iqmneba formalurad drois lokaliT mosazRvruli, magram mainc zedrouli emanaciebi, rasac Cven Rirebul mxatvrulesTetikur, gnebavT, mxatvrul-filosofiur azrovnebas vuwodebT. `mesame napiri~ Tavisi fiqrisa da gansjis primatiT, saganTa arsSi CawiaRebiT, ubralo TvalisTvis uxilavis mignebiTa da gamoaSkaravebiT, saukuneTa wiaRidan miTis gamoxmobiT tlanqi da simartivemde cxadi realobisagan Tavdaxsnis saSualebadac SegviZlia ganvixiloT. aqedan, did xelovanTa cxovrebiseuli umweoba, romelTa gverdiT gmiruli gamonaklisebic arsebobs. robaqiZis rCeuli: evropelTagan _ goeTe, qarTvelTagan _ ilia, romelTanac erTad mixeil

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javaxiSvilsac davasaxelebdi. robaqiZe, romelic `mesame napiris~ wvdomis gareSe SeuZleblad miiCnevs `moazrisa da xelovanis~ arsebobas da swored amis gamo ùSualod momqmedisTvis~ amgvari pozicionerobis usargeblobas adasturebs, imavdroulad zemoaRniSnuli gamonaklisebiTac apelirebs, anu misTvis aranakleb mniSvnelovania ìdeaTa sxeulis Ziebac~. xom ar gvaZlevs es saSualebas dRevandelobis konteqstSi `mesame napiris~, rogorc filosofiur-esTetikuri konceptis, ramdenadme saxecvlili interpretaciis SesaZlebloba ganvixiloT. maSasadame, dRes: sanam Cveni biblioTekebidan grigol robaqiZis wignebs movisrodeT (rogor ar gagaxsendes aq futuristebis saymawvilo seni Tanamedroveobis xomaldidan klasikosebis gadmogdebis Sesaxeb) iqneb davfiqrebuliyaviT, rom imaze metad avmCatdiT da zedapirul azrovnebas mivendeT, vidre amis ufleba gvqonda da gvaqvs. robaqiZis ezoTerul Sreebsa da metafizikur sivrceebSi Tu ar gvinda (an mizanSewonilad ar migvaCnia) moZraoba, `mesame napirisaken~ iqneb fiqris ara gamartivebis, aramed swored rom garTulebis mizniT mainc gvemogzaura. gana ver vxedavT, rom opoziciur, metic, ukiduresad polarizebl SexedulebaTa òrmxrivi srolis~ reJimSi cxovreba (swored rom binarulis da ara pluralisturis) mkiTxvelTa isedac SemWidroebul rigebs eqsperimentebs gadayolili mwerlobisgan kidev ufro metad aSorebs, anu `xelovnebis nimuSi, faqtobrivad, aRmqmeli subieqtis~ gareSe rCeba; iqneb SesaZlebelia, 21-e saukunis dasawyisSic mwerlobam is mainc gaakeTos mkiTxvelisTvis, rom mis Tanadroul, civilizebuli msoflios standartebTan miaxloebul pirovnul da erovnul (am sityvas mainc ver gaveqeci) TviTSefasebas Seuwyos xeli, riTac TviTlokalizaciis daZleviT TviTrealizacia miiRweva (imedia, aq mweralTa kavSiris Seqmnis iniciativas ar igulisxmebT); ar vici, iqneb naadrevi iyo aTeuli wlebis manZilze ZiriTadad sakmaoze metad dezorientirebuli, fizikurad da sulierad ase nagvemi da natanji sazogadoebis politikosebisa da Jurnalistebis amara datoveba. sxvaTaSoris, sagulisxmoa, rom (kvlav Cvens kolegebs davimowmebdi) literaturismcodneni, romlebic Tvals adevneben Tanamedrove qar-

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Tul literaturul procesebs, ara ìnteleqtualuri cbierebiT~, aramed gulistkiviliT acxadeben, rom lamis aris yvela seriozulma movlenam qarTuli mwerlobis interesis miRma Caiaros. robaqiZes bolSevizmis gamxrwnel ZalasTan mouxda dapirispireba da man, sxvaTaSoris, jer kidev maSin `gaSifra~ demokratiuli ideebiT kargad SefuTuli am antixalxuri reJimis arsi, sanam igi sakuTar Tavs bolomde gamoaSkaravebda (samwuxaro mxolod isaa, rom am gamoaSkaravebas naxevar saukuneze meti dasWirda). es, garkveulwilad, sinaTlis zeimi iyo. Tqvenc daarqviT (mivmarTav qarTveli mwerlebis axal Taobas) saxeli im leviaTans, romelsac SeebrZolebiT da Tu ver gaimarjvebT, imaTi uSveri sityvebiT gineba mainc ar mogiwevT, vinc, sanam Tqven epataJ-eqperimentobdiT, Tqvenive kuTvnili, anu erTi cnobili sentenciis perifrazi rom gamoviyenoT, `wminda adgili~ daikava. vfiqrob, maRalprofesiuli TargmaniT Sesrulebulma grigol robaqiZis eseistikaSi moqceulma miTologiurma Ziebebma, rusuli mwerlobis Rrmad originalurma Sefasebebma, gansakuTrebiT ki aRsarebam, romelmac ara marto droSi dagvianebis, aramed sxva obiqtur mizezTa gamo, upirveles adresatamde _ qarTvel axalgazrdobamde _ srulyofilad ver miaRwia, Zalian Sors wamiyvana. Tumca, rodesac aseT wignebs iReb xelSi, erTi gza grCeba: patiosnebasTan miaxloebuli TviTgamorkveva. manana kvataiam kargad SeniSna: TviT robaqiZe wers, am naSromebsa da statiebSi `yoveli sityva mofiqrebulia, yoveli striqoni _ awonil-dawonili~ da me, rogorc mTargmnels, ra ufleba mqonda sxvagvarad movqceuliyavio. samive wigni, marTlac, amgvari damokidebulebis ilustrirebaa. madloba amisTvis gamomcemelsac da mTargmnelsac. Cven ki davitovoT imedi, rom àrtanujis~ am proeqtiT qarTvel klasikosebze xelCaqneuli Cvenive Tanamedrove mweralic dainteresdeba. ise, klasikis ugulebelyofam mware SurisZieba icis.

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wignebi 2011-2012

ivane amirxanaSvili. Tavisuflebis paradoqsebi, Canawerebi, gamomcemloba ìnteleqti~, Tbilisi, 2011 weli.

Cvidmeti weliwadi CanawerebSi anu demokratiuli Tavisuflebis paradoqsebi literatoris TvaliT. ivane amirxanaSvilis wigni spontanuri Canawerebis enaze mogviTxrobs aTaswleulTa gasayaris TiTqmis ori aTwleulis istorias _ 1993 wlidan 2010 wlamde. es is droa, roca erovnuli Tavisuflebis ideiT SeWurvili sazogadoeba tyved Cabarda demokratiul Tavisuflebas da iluzia iqca yofierebis formad. adamiani, sazogadoeba, politika da mwerloba _ ai, is Temebi, rasac Canawerebi exeba. wignis avtoriseuli reziume: ,,jer kidev tyveobaSi varT, demokratiuli Tavisuflebis tyveobaSi. ver gavuZeliT Tavisuflebis simZimes. verc demokratiis arsi gavigeT bolomde, iluziebis simsubuqem dagvcada da Sedegad miviReT paradoqsuli yofiereba. sityvam daclili vaznasaviT dakarga azri, magram, miuxedavad amisa, mainc ginda raRac Tqva, oRond ara Zveleburi, ,,gziani”, aramed paradoqsuli drois Sesabamisi, radgan Znelia Wkvianurad ilaparako iq, sadac yvela kmayofilia Tavisi WkuiT”. levan bregaZe. yofiTi rwmena-warmodgenebi. Tbilisi: àrtanuji~, 2012, 192 gv. redaqtori rusudan ColoyaSvili. wigni Seicavs saqarTveloSi winaT da nawilobriv amJamadac gavrcelebul xalxur yofiT rwmena-warmodgenebs, Zveli da Tanamedrove avtorebis, mkvlevar-Semgroveblebis naSromebSi warmodgenilT, komentarebiT, SeniSvnebiT, ucxouri paralelebiT da citatebiT poeturi da prozauli teqstebidan, romlebSic xalxuri rwmena-warmodgenebi avtorTa mier mxatvruli daniSnulebiT aris gamoyenebuli.

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levan bregaZe. literaturuli (gamo)Ziebani. Tbilisi: àrtanuji~, 2011, 288 gv. redaqtori zviad kvaracxelia. wigni Seicavs literaturis Teoriis aqtualur sakixebze daweril statiebs, Zveli da Tanamedrove mwerlobis nimuSTa kritikul analizs. mTavari yuradReba eTmoba mwerluri ostatobis sakiTxebs, mxatvruli teqstebis momxibvlelobis saidumloTa kvleva-Ziebas. gaanalizebulia qarTuli hagiografiis, `vefxistyaosnis~, sulxan-saba orbelianis `sibrZne sicruisas~ mxatvruli Taviseburebebi, ilia WavWAavaZis, akaki wereTlis, barbare jorjaZis, galaktion tabiZis, lado asaTianis, ana kalandaZis, oTar CxeiZis, muxran maWavarianis, jemal qarCxaZis, oTar WilaZis, besik xaranaulis da sxvaTa Semoqmedebis calkeuli aspeqtebi. merab RaRaniZe. mwerlis cxovreba droSi da sityvaSi: 99 mcire da vrceli Canaweri ucxoel mweralTa Sesaxeb, Tbilisi: memkvidreoba, 2011 wignSi warmodgenilia gansxvavebuli moculobisa da mizandasaxulobis narkvevebi ucxoel mweralTa Sesaxeb, romelTac sxvadasxva qveyanaSi sxvadasxva dros ucxovriaT da sxvadasxva enaze SeuqmniaT TavianTi nawarmoebebi. krebulSi Tavmoyrili narkvevebi Tu eseebi dawerilia TxuTmeti wlis manZilze (1995-2009) da maTi mxolod mcire nawili iyo gamoqveynebuli qarTul presaSi; rac Seexeba danarCens (maTi ricxvi oTxmocia), isini pirvelad miewodeba mkiTxvels. wignad gaerTianebuli teqstebi mravalferovania, magram maTi wamyvani suliskveTebaa mwerlis cxovreba danaxuli iqnes, erTi mxriv, Tavis epoqaSi, xolo, meore mxriv, im mxatvruli sityvis saSualebiT, romliTac igi Tavis saTqmels gamoxatavda.

284

sarCevi

veqtorebi lali avaliani rusul-afxazuri ìdilia~ guram rCeuliSvilis ùkanaskneli abenseraJis~ mixedviT Tema da variaciebi...............................................................................3 maia jaliaSvili sicocxlis misteria.........................................................................17 inga milorava sulis miqcev-moqceva sarkis zedapirze...................................31 sofo wulaia daviT qarTveliSvilis `TvalTvali xelovnebisTvis~, anu rogor mokvda da gacocxlda avtori............................................................................53

kultura Aamiran arabuli `mZlevari~ da `mkvdarTa mze~ _ ori qveynis, ori samyaros mekavSireni xalxur sityvierebaSi..............................................68 Tamar CixlaZe Zveli wignTsacavebidan virtualur biblioTekebamde.......................................................64

Jurnalistika manana SamiliSvili qarTuli samwerlo blogingis zogierTi Taviseburebis gamo.......................................................76

nomris stumari Wabua amirejibi erovnul TaviseburebaTa erToblioba qmnis progresis pirobebs.....................................92

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MEMORIA maka joxaZe warTmeuli bavSvoba..........................................................................97 manana kvataia samecniero novacia marTebuli aqcentebiT..........................119 ada nemsaZe arCil sulakauris `TeTri cxeni~..............................................130

replika nato oniani `reaqtiuli klubis~ mesame napiri.............................................145 anuki imniaSvili XXI saukunis qarTuli moTxroba....................................................148

ESSAY zaza firaliSvili irakli farjiani da Sexvedris metafizika............................154

XX saukunis kritikuli da filosofiuri azris istoriidan aleqsandre WeiSvili vaJa-fSavela......................................................................................167 hans-georg gadameri gagebis wris Sesaxeb germanulidan Targmna konstanine bregaZem..........................261

gamoxmaureba, recenzia manana SamiliSvili Tamaz jologuas `qarTuli Jurnalistikis istoria (XIX saukune)~, nakveTi I.................................................273 nona kupreiSvili. robaqiZis gamovlena grZeldeba................................................276

wignebi 2011-2012.............................................................................283

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