Learning Objectives

2016 Winter Conference Costas Balaras, PhD FASHRAE E.G. Dascalaki, K.G. Droutsa, S. Kontoyiannidis Institute for Environmental Research & Sustainable Development (IERSD), National Observatory of Athens (NOA) [email protected]

Conference Paper Session 19 - Challenges & Opportunities in Residential Construction Bottom-up Assessment of Hellenic Residential Building Stock Energy Performance (OR-16-C071) Orlando, Florida

Learning Objectives Explain differences between actual & calculated energy consumption Understand the actual effectiveness of popular energy efficiency measures in residential buildings Describe the benefits of passive energy saving features in residential construction

Explain the relationship between incremental construction costs for energy conservation measures and long term operational cost savings Provide condensation resistance issues of double-sliding window systems in high-rise apartment buildings Understand the design of a high-performance double-sliding window ASHRAE is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to ASHRAE Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members are available on request. This program is registered with the AIA/ASHRAE for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. 2 ASHRAE Winter Conference, Paper Session 19 - Challenges and Opportunities in Residential Construction, Orlando, January 23-27, 2016

Acknowledgments Part of this work was performed in the frame of the European project EPISCOPE - Energy Performance Indicator Tracking Schemes for the Continuous Optimisation of Refurbishment Processes in European Housing Stocks that is partly financed by the European Commission, Executive Agency for Competitiveness and Innovation (EACI). The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union. Neither the EASME nor the European Commission is responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. The official Hellenic EPC registry (www.buildingcert.gr) has been developed and is maintained by the Hellenic Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change - YPEKA (currently Hellenic Ministry of Reconstruction of Production, Environment & Energy) in collaboration with the Centre for Renewable Energy Sources (CRES). The authors wish to thankfully acknowledge YPEKA for allowing access to the national EPC database. The analysis performed by the authors does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the Ministry.

ASHRAE Winter Conference, Seminar 49 - Cooling with the Sun: Solar Thermal Cooling, Orlando, January 23-27, 2016

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Outline/Agenda • EU & GR energy balance, legislation, targets • Residential building typologies • Bottom-up residential building stock model to assess retrofit actions • Field data on: - actual & calculated heating energy use - actual heating energy savings from common energy efficiency measures • Empirical adaptation factors to make more realistic estimates from normative calculations ASHRAE Winter Conference, Paper Session 19 - Challenges and Opportunities in Residential Construction, Orlando, January 23-27, 2016

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Energy - Buildings

Source: Eurostat pocketbooks, 2015

ASHRAE Winter Conference, Paper Session 19 - Challenges and Opportunities in Residential Construction, Orlando, January 23-27, 2016

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EU Legislation - Targets Targets: 2020 Reduce GHGs by 20%, Increase to 20% share of RES in energy mixture, Increase by 20% energy savings

2030 Reduce GHGs by 40%, Increase to 27% share of RES in energy mixture, Increase by 27% energy savings    

High energy-efficiency Low carbon economy Reduce energy import dependency Increase security of supply

Directives:    

Energy Efficiency - EED (27/2012) Energy Performance of Buildings Directive - EPBD (31/2010) Renewable Energy Sources (28/2009) ECODESIGN (125/2009) ASHRAE Winter Conference, Paper Session 19 - Challenges and Opportunities in Residential Construction, Orlando, January 23-27, 2016

ΝΖΕΒ New (& refurbished) buildings after 2020

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Residential Building Stock

vs Estimate energy use & potential energy savings  Accuracy of calculation tools Test Procedures “Building Energy Simulation” Tools – BESTEST (ASHRAE Std 140)

Possible sources of errors, Uncertainties, Inaccuracies, Deviations from design conditions or actual technical characteristics, Assumed standard operating conditions ASHRAE Winter Conference, Paper Session 19 - Challenges and Opportunities in Residential Construction, Orlando, January 23-27, 2016

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TARGETS BUILDING TYPOLOGIES BUILDING STOCK

INPUTS

ENERGY CERTIFICATES FIELD STUDIES

National 20-20-20 Targets by 2020 (for Residential)

EU Targets Towards 2030 -40% of 1990 GHG emissions, -27% in energy use (for Residential)

Common Conclusion


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TARGETS

BUILDING TYPOLOGIES BUILDING STOCK

INPUTS


ENERGY & BUILDINGS

BUILDING TYPOLOGIES (building archetypes)


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TARGETS BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

BUILDING STOCK

INPUTS


National Statistical Authority

# of Buildings

Number & Age of Dwellings Floor areas Envelope properties System properties Energy carriers ASHRAE Winter Conference, Paper Session 19 - Challenges and Opportunities in Residential Construction, Orlando, January 23-27, 2016

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INPUTS


15% SFH 85% MFH Buildingcert (2015)

Total Primary (source) Energy Use Intensity (PEUI)

SFH: 384.3 kWh/m2 MFH: 240.8 kWh/m2

(121.2 kBtu/ft2) (75.9 kBtu/ft2)


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INPUTS


Primary Energy Use Intensity (PEUI) for Space Heating & DHW one energy carrier


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INPUTS


Primary Energy Use Intensity (PEUI) for Space Heating & DHW one energy carrier


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INPUTS

ENERGY CERTIFICATES

FIELD STUDIES >16 hrs 20oC (68oF) Entire dwelling

(57oF) (75oF)

(59oF) (61oF)

(73oF)

(72oF)

(63oF)

Adaptation Factors f2(Actual/Calculated)

(64oF)

(70oF) (68oF)

(66oF)

Lower bound