2. Principles of Development by Lewis Wolpert (3rd ed.), Oxford University Press.
Principles of Developmental Biology by Fred H. Wilt and Sarah C. Hake, W. W. ...
Animal Development
Lecture 1 Introduction Department of Animal Science National Chung Hsing University Pin-Chi Tang 1
References Principles of Development
by Lewis Wolpert (3rd ed.), Oxford University Press.
Principles of Developmental Biology
by Fred H. Wilt and Sarah C. Hake, W. W. Norton and company
Developmental Biology by Scott F. Gilbert (8th edition), Sinauer Associates, Inc.
胚胎大勝利 Lewis Wolpert 著，周業仁譯，天下遠見出版股份有限公司 影響世紀的生物發現 陳建志著，晨曦出版社 看！這就是生物學 Ernst Mayr著，涂可欣譯，天下遠見出版股份有限公司
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Where are the multicellular organisms from?
How do the multicellular organisms form?
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1. How do the cells arising from division of the fertilized egg become different from each other? 2. How do the cells become organized into structures such as limbs and brains? 3. What controls the behavior of individual cells so that such highly organized patterns emerge? 4. How are the organizing principles of development embedded within the egg and in particular within the genetic material--DNA? 4
•Embryogenesis (embryo formation) determines the overall body plan
•Organogenesis (organ formation) determines subsections of the body (examples: vertebrate limb, Drosophila eye) •Many genes, proteins, signal transduction pathways and cell behaviors are common to both processes 5
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9 weeks
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Scanning electron micrograph of the head of an adult Drosophila
Photograph of the adult South African claw-toed frog, Xenopus laevis Scale bar = 1 cm 8
•A/P axis: anterior ~ head posterior ~ tail •D/V axis: dorsal ~ upper or back ventral ~ lower or front •P/D axis: proximal ~ near distal ~ far •Lateral: to the side 9
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Fertilization
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Mature oocyte
8-cell stage
Pronuclear stage
4-cell stage
Morula stage
Early blastocyst
5-cell stage
Blastocyst stage
The development of a preimplantation human embryo within the confines of the zona pellucida
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One of three examples of nonequivalent cell division. 14 (Wilt and Hake, Ch 1, 2004)
One of three examples of nonequivalent cell division. (Wilt and Hake, Ch 1, 2004)
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One of three examples of nonequivalent cell division. (Wilt and Hake, Ch 1, 2004)
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Lineage The development of a cell or group of cells may depend on their origins
Position The importance of the environment
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Cell communication
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Signals
Gases to proteins
Receive
Respond
All Cells 19
Environmental conditions Temperature, Osmotic stress, Light, Mechanical force, Gases, Nutrients, Attractants, Hormones, Cells, ECM ECM: extracellular matrix
Cellular activities Protein synthesis, Mobility, Proliferation, Energy metabolism...
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An inducing signal can be transmitted from one cell to another in three main ways
21 (Wolpert, Ch1, 2002)
Cell communication. Steps in communication between cells. 22 (Wilt and Hake, Ch 1, 2004)
Cell communication. Ligands and receptors.
23 (Wilt and Hake, Ch 1, 2004)
Cell communication. 24 (Wilt and Hake, Ch 1, 2004)
Nuclear transplantation in amphibia.
25 (Wilt and Hake, Ch 1, 2004)
The regeneration of a Salamander limb. 26 (Wilt and Hake, Ch 1, 2004)
DNA cloning.
27 (Wilt and Hake, Ch 1, 2004)
The use of probes for gene and mRNA detection.
(Wilt and Hake, Ch 1, 2004)
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