Lecture1

ASTR 1010: Survey of Astronomy Before Sitting Down, pick up: Course Syllabus Schedule ABCD Voting Card

Tuesday, August 24, 2010

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Welcome to ASTR 1010, Section 1...



Survey of Astronomy



Survey of Astronomy Brought to you every



Survey of Astronomy Brought to you every TR 9:30–10:45 by:

Prof. J.D. Smith




Prof. J.D. Smith with special guest-starring T.A.




Prof. J.D. Smith with special guest-starring T.A.

Sean Tanny Tuesday, August 24, 2010

Today Course Overview Paperwork: Syllabus, course grade ID sheet How to do well in this class. Our Universe: the Big Picture.


What is this course? An exploration of the universe, from planets to stars to other solar systems to galaxies to the origin and fate of the cosmos. Not just facts, but how we gain knowledge about the universe around us. Astronomy is very much a Living science: amazing new discoveries happening right now.


Who am I? A professor of Astronomy at UT. Study the evolution of Galaxies, primarily with space telescopes.


Details, Details ! Fall 2010

Survey of Astronomy — ASTR 1010 (Section 1)

The Basics Instructor: Class TA: Class Meeting Time: Textbooks: Course Website: Textbook Website:

Professor J.D. Smith Sean Tanny – [email protected] – Office: MH 2014 TR 9:30am–10:45pm, MH 1005 The Essential Cosmic Perspective, 5 Edition (Bennett et al.) http://tir.astro.utoledo.edu/jdsmith/class/a1010_f10 http://www.masteringastronomy.com (Choose our textbook)

Office: Office Hours: Email: Phone/Voice Mail: Dept. FAX:

RO 3000 (Ritter Observatory, 3000: 3rd floor & through the doors) T 11am–12:15pm; W 9am–11am (or other times by appointment) [email protected] (please put “A1010” in the subject line) 419-530-8528 419-530-5167 or 419-530-2723

The BackgroundSean’s Office Hours: Thu. 3-4pm Tuesday, August 24, 2010

Astronomy is a broad subject: in principle it includes everything outside the boundaries of our

What you need Book: “The Essential Cosmic Perspective”, 5th edition (or University of Toledo 2nd special edition). An online account at MasteringAstronomy.com: comes with book or ~$30 online. Your ABCD voting card: bring it (and a piece of paper) to every class!


The website http://tir.astro.utoledo.edu/jdsmith/class/a1010_f10/ Or, Easier: get to it from “MyCourses” link!


helps keep you current on the material. Stay on top of it! 7.

Regard the notes as an outline only. It’s not a good idea to simply take down everything I put up on the projector. Notes will be available on the course website after class. Don’t confuse reading the notes with studying.

The requirements 8.

Form study groups. Three of four heads are better than one.

The Requirements • Considerate Behavior: Please turn off cell phones/ipods/etc, and refrain from using them in any way throughout the class. Show consideration for the other students and your professor by not talking, chewing, singing, rustling newspapers, tapping gadgets, whistling, humming, or yawning loudly enough to distract anyone. When in doubt, use the golden rule. • Bringing your color-coded answer sheet to class. They’ll be used for question and answer.

• An account on MasteringAstronomy.com. It comes free with a new copy of your textbook, or can purchase it by itself on the website or at the bookSurvey of Astronomy —you Syllabus Fall 2010! store. Register and sign up for my class using our course ID: ! UTASTR1010SMITHFALL10. • Use of electronic mail and the web. There will be limited paper handouts but mostly ‘handouts’ and announcements on the web page and by email — check regularly! • Know your Rocket ID number. You’ll use this to identify yourself on your exams, etc. Never use your Social Security Number!!! Find your RocketID on MyUT next to your name under “Detail Schedule”, • Academic integrity. Maintain academic integrity and honesty. Don’t take credit for work which is not you own. Among other things, this refers to cheating on exams, copying (plagiarizing) material without stating where it came from, or not participating in group work, but taking credit for it. An academic dishonesty policy for the university can be found at: http://www.utoledo.edu/catalog/2000catalog/admissions/academic_dishonesty.ht ml.


The Details

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Mastering Astronomy masteringastronomy.com Interactive Study/Homework System Tutorials, Hints, feedback, interactive figures, and more. The best way to prepare for exams In studies, users of MA increased performance by a full letter grade! 1% extra credit for completing first ungraded assignment. MA demo by Nikki Pulido


Extra-classroom events Two Trips to the Ritter Planetarium (across the way as you exit this building): In Class (Oct 5th for last name A-K, Oct 7 for last name L-Z). On your own Friday Evenings. Evening observing at Brooks Observatory (on top of this building)


Brooks Observatory

Ritter Planetarium


Schedule Four mid-term exams: September 9th September 30th November 9th December 2nd

online homework assignments due (covering 1-2 chapters each) Fridays at 11:30pm. Final Exam:

Wednesday, December 15th 8–10am, MH1005 Tuesday, August 24, 2010

Grading Homework (Online only!): 30% 4 mid-term Exams: 30% (lowest dropped, NO make-up exams). Final Exam + Class Participation: 30%. Out of class activities with write-up: 10%.


Participation? You’ll occasionally be asked to answer a question on a sheet of paper and turn it in with your name. Graded on participation, not answer! If you get full participation credit, it’s like free points on the final! Examples: Full credit: participation=15% (A!!!), final=15% No credit: Participation=0%, final=30% Partial Credit: Participation=5%, FINAL=25%


Your up-to-the-minute Grade, on the website Pick a 4 digit class ID number (anything you’ll remember). Tear off and turn in final page of your syllabus. Hand in today. Your up-to-date grades will be posted anonymously on the website.


The Way to Succeed This is not a class about memorization, but about knowledge of the universe, what it contains, where it came from, and where it’s going! Attend Class: Lectures with extensive Question/ Answer. Do your out of class activities: it’s like getting 100% on a mid-term! Go beyond class: Keep up on reading, Homework, MA study guides, etc. Come prepared to participate! Tuesday, August 24, 2010

Voting Card Vote on Survey Questions. Discuss with your neighbors. Argue for your vote!


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Example Which band/Artist do you like best? a) Kings of Leon b) Nelly c) Elvis Costello d) Arcade Fire Tuesday, August 24, 2010

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A brief census of the Universe


Stars Star: A large glowing ball of gas, that generates heat and light via nuclear fusion (i.e., the H-bomb) Our Sun is a star

The Sun Tuesday, August 24, 2010

Stars Star: A large glowing ball of gas, that generates heat and light via nuclear fusion (i.e., the H-bomb) Our Sun is a star

The Sun Tuesday, August 24, 2010

Planets

Neptune Mars


Planet: A moderately large object that orbits stars and shines by reflected light Planets may be rocky, icy, or gaseous in composition


Moons or Satellites

Moon: A object that orbits a planet

Mimas (moon of Saturn) Tuesday, August 24, 2010

Moons or Satellites

Moon: A object that orbits a planet

IO (moon of Jupiter) Tuesday, August 24, 2010

Asteroids

Asteroid: A relatively small rocky object that orbits a star

Gaspra Tuesday, August 24, 2010

Comets

Comet: A relatively small icy object that orbits a star


Solar (Star) System Solar System: A star and all the material that orbits it, including planets and their moons, asteroids, and comets

There are many other ets are tiny compared to the distances between them (a star systems imes smaller than shown here), but they in the Galaxy!

lear patterns of composition and motion. Tuesday, August 24, 2010

Our Solar System NOTE: Distances not to scale


Nebula A large cloud of gas and dust. Stars are born in such clouds, and leave them behind when they die.


Nebula A large cloud of gas and dust. Stars are born in such clouds, and leave them behind when they die.


Galaxies Galaxy: A great island of stars (100 billion or more!), held together by their gravity.

The Andromeda Galaxy Tuesday, August 24, 2010

We are located in the Milky Way galaxy

Galaxies Galaxy: A great island of stars (100 billion or more!), held together by their gravity.

The Sombrero Galaxy Tuesday, August 24, 2010

We are located in the Milky Way galaxy

Our Milky Way Galaxy

One of billions. A lovely spiral, but nothing special.

Artists Conception Tuesday, August 24, 2010


You are Here

Artists Conception Tuesday, August 24, 2010

One of billions. A lovely spiral, but nothing special.



Galaxy Clusters and Groups Galaxies grouped together by their own gravity Our Galaxy is part of the “Local Group” of galaxies


Galaxy Clusters and Groups Galaxies grouped together by their own gravity Our Galaxy is part of the “Local Group” of galaxies


The Universe

The Hubble Deep Field Tuesday, August 24, 2010

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The Universe The sum total of all matter and energy; that is, everything within and between all galaxies This picture is the size of a dime, 75 feet away.


How many stars do you see? A B a) 4 b) 100 C D c) 2,000 d) 6 billion

The Universe The sum total of all matter and energy; that is, everything within and between all galaxies This picture is the size of a dime, 75 feet away.


How many stars do you see? A B ✪ a) 4 b) 100 C D c) 2,000 d) 6 billion

Are we ever sitting still? At this very instant, how are we moving in the universe:

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A) Sitting perfectly still. B) Moving at hundreds of miles per hour. C) Moving at hundreds of thousands of miles per hour. D) Moving faster than the speed of light.


Are we ever sitting still? At this very instant, how are we moving in the universe:

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A) Sitting perfectly still. B) Moving at hundreds of miles per hour. ✪ C) Moving at hundreds of thousands of miles per hour. D) Moving faster than the speed of light.


Spaceship Earth


Spaceship Earth


Spaceship Earth


Spaceship Earth


The Age of the Universe

We now know the age of the universe quite precisely: 13.7 Billion years old. Just how long is that?







When where you born?



When where you born? You were Born: Dec. 31, 11:59:59.95 Tuesday, August 24, 2010

How Much is in the Universe? The Milky Way is one of 100 billion (1011) galaxies (that’s shorthand for “ten to the power of 11, or a 1 followed by 11 zeroes!”) 1011 stars per galaxy x 1011 galaxies = 1022 stars How many is that? Tuesday, August 24, 2010

How many stars in the Universe? As many stars as dry grains of sand on all Earth’s beaches!


The size of our Galaxy First, a definition:

Lightyear: The distance light travels in one year. roughly 6 trillion miles

Light has a finite speed, but it is FAST: it can go 7 times around the Earth in one second! Tuesday, August 24, 2010


100,000 Light Years


100,000 Light Years


100,000 Light Years


100,000 Light Years


Our solar system in the Galaxy On this scale, how large is the distance between the earth and the sun: A) B) C) D)


Size Size Size Size

of of of of

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Connecticut Toledo a Football Stadium a Grain of Rice

Our solar system in the Galaxy On this scale, how large is the distance between the earth and the sun: A) B) C) ✪ D)


Size Size Size Size

of of of of

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Connecticut Toledo a Football Stadium a Grain of Rice


True or False

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NASA plans to launch a spacecraft that will leave the Milky Way Galaxy and take a picture of it from the outside. A) TRUE B) FALSE


True or False

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NASA plans to launch a spacecraft that will leave the Milky Way Galaxy and take a picture of it from the outside. A) TRUE B) FALSE


True or False

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NASA plans to launch a spacecraft that will leave the Milky Way Galaxy and take a picture of it from the outside. A) TRUE ✪ B) FALSE


Big Picture The Earth is not the center of the Universe, but orbits an ordinary star in the outskirts of a Galaxy of one hundred billion stars, in a Universe with hundreds of billions of galaxies! Although the Universe is roughly 14 billion years old, we are late comers on the scale of cosmic time. On the cosmic calendar, all of human history occurs in the last minute of the year.


Reminders Read “Essential Cosmic Perspective” Chapter 1 First ungraded assignment (For 1% Extra Credit!) on masteringastronomy.com due Friday at 11:30 pm: “Introduction to MasteringAstronomy” Turn in your Class grade release form. Bring your ABCD voting card to every class!


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