Advice for students of LEVEL ONE GEOGRAPHY before the externally ... Re-read
the feedback and advice given on practice exam papers you have done – now ...
Advice for students of LEVEL ONE GEOGRAPHY before the externally assessed standards being examined in November Page 1: General advice; Page 2: Topic reminders; Page 3: Skills List; Page 4-8: Terms; Page 9: Term 4 plan
Organise your notes by Standard – put the Assessment Specifications on top and highlight the focus areas being assessed REVISE Revise your glossary / vocabulary list of specialist geog terms Learn your case studies thoroughly for each topic Re-read the information about the Standard – what does this Standard require of anyone who is trying to meet it? FOCUS Focus your revision on one Standard at a time – revise your weakest areas the most – this may well be the topic you covered early this year. Take advantage of all opportunities in class and in tutorials between now and the date you sit the examination - do not give up! REVISE Pay close attention to advice from your teacher about revision techniques and hints for sitting examinations in Geography Get all the necessary equipment for the exam – coloured pencils etc Ask questions and get answers! FOCUS Re-read the feedback and advice given on practice exam papers you have done – now act on it!! Have another go at questions you were given in the practice examinations – this time following advice for improvement! Did I say REVISE
Where is the Geography in your answer? – make sure you have used appropriate terms and that you have followed conventions in skills work Make a commitment to doing the best you can – this means you will have to put in effort and do some work before November – your attitude is the key to success! Stay positive and persevere!!
Good luck and good Geography!! Remember: Geography is EVERYWHERE. You cannot get ANYWHERE without Geography! Geography takes you PLACES. Where do YOU want to go?
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GEOGRAPHY – LEVEL ONE Externally assessed standards – SUCCESS CRITERIA
Rate yourself … Do you know…? (geographic terms / diagrams / maps / details / info about…) 90202
90203
90204
90205
No
Sort of
Yes
Natural processes that produce floods (sequence of events) Different ways that floods affect the natural environment Several economic effects of floods How floods affect people and communities (social effects) How people can prepare for floods in the short & long term How people respond to flood events, at the time & after Specific details of at least one actual (case study) flood in NZ Patterns of where people live in NZ (most & least densities) Where & why people are moving within NZ (now & in the past) The problems for people and places caused by internal migration How NZ population changes in size, & problems with incr/decr How NZ population is made up (gender/age/ethnicity…)+ changes The causes and effects of external migration on NZ population Problems associated with changes in NZ population structure How people view and use resources in different ways Where dairy farming is found in NZ and why there How dairy farming operates as a System (Inputs; Outputs etc) How dairy farming affects the environment How different people perceive the impact of dairy farming How environmental issues are solved or tackled Specific details about one dairy farm Where coal mining takes place in NZ and why there How coal mining operates as a System (Inputs; Outputs etc) How coal mining affects the environment How different people view coal mining and its impacts How environmental impacts of coal mining are resolved Specific details about one mine or mining area IGIs How to justify views / opinions How to interpret visual and written resources Construction skills (maps and graphs etc) - see separate list Several Maori terms that relate to the Geography topics
Your reflection on the indicators above should help you to decide what areas you will need to target for revision leading up to the examinations. NOW is the time to formulate an action plan and to prepare for SUCCESS. Don’t forget to visit the LEARNZ website for 90204 – have you got login details? Do you have anything you want us to discuss in the October Conferencing appointment ?
GEOGRAPHY – LEVEL ONE SKILLS LIST These are the geographic skills that NZQA requires you to be able to do at this level (Indicate which ones you can do & those you need help with)
MAPS Précis Maps: Use a map to locate aspects on an outline you receive
Topographical Mapping: Read a basic key including scale Use a linear scale and measure a straight line distance Identify key natural and cultural features Direction – read and find 8 points Contour lines What are they? Identify different features using contour lines such as a hill and a valley Simple cross-section drawn from map
VISUALS Recognise photographs • Satellite • Aerials – oblique and vertical • Ordinary Relate photo to a map Identify key natural and cultural features
Read, interpret and construct the following graphs • Column/bar • Histogram • Line • Pictograph • Pie
Direction – read and find 8 compass points
• Percentage bar
Use the photograph to develop a précis sketch
• Climate
• Scatter
Recognise broad patterns
• Age/sex pyramid
Evaluate the photo as a resource
• Positive/negative
Diagrams/models:
Locate and determine reference using 6 figures GR and degrees of longitude and latitude
Read, interpret & complete relevant diagrams/models
Other Maps: Read and interpret maps such as • Dot distribution maps
Cartoons:
• Choropleth maps
GRAPHS
Identity and describe the characters, actions/events and symbolism in the cartoon
• Proportional symbol • Isoline maps • Flow maps
STATISTICAL Show an understanding of the following • Percentages •
Percentage change
•
Mean
•
Median
•
Range
•
Mode
•
Data presentation
GEOGRAPHIC IDEAS Provide a description of an IGI within a directed geographic context. Follow specific directions on how to apply a stated IGI within a defined context
VALUING … Identify, describe and explain a range of opinions or values Use resources to identify simple values & perspectives, such as opinions for and against
Note a range of ways you can gain the skills you have identified (as areas of concern) in the table above:
GEOGRAPHY – SELECTED MAORI TERMS Note: this glossary has been compiled to help apply these ideas to Geography. The list is only a selection and there are more meanings than those shown. The terms commonly used at Level One are highlighted.
Aroha
love and empathy. It is an attitude and an important cultural value of Māori, derived from a Māori view of the natural world and the place of Māori within it. Aroha is an important concept that underpins a Māori environmental management system.
Hekenga
migration occurs to meet the needs of Māori at any one time and in response to outside forces.
Iwi
a tribe who has geographical boundaries outlining the region in which they have mana whenua status.
Kaitiakitanga
to “care for” the environment. It is the sustainable use, management and control of natural and physical resources that are carried out to the mutual benefit of people and resources.
Karakia
incantations or prayers for a specific purpose, such as lifting the tapu off an area of land in order that it may be cultivated.
Koha
the concept of koha is related to manaakitanga and the appropriate acknowledgement of sharing hospitality and/or information. Koha may take the form of food, gifts or more recently money.
Kōrero pūrākau
a legend or story that explains an event or activity.
Mana whenua
the right to use, manage and control land depends on the protection of mana whenua. Mana whenua is based on ahikā (Iwi maintaining residence in a particular place) and is an important part of tino rangatiratanga (self-determination).
Mana
derived from spirituality, land and ancestral linkages of a person, of people or a taonga and manifests itself as the respect, which is paid to that person, those people or that taonga as a result of the esteem accorded by others. The practice of kaitiakitanga is carried out by Iwi and hapū, through exercising Iwi and hapū Mana, which is embodied in the concept of Tino Rangatiratanga.
Manaakitanga
is a concept that involves hospitality and how visitors are cared for. It is important that such hospitality is acknowledged and reciprocated.
Mihi
is a process of formally acknowledging people you meet, the purpose of the meeting, and the place (where the meeting is being held), through protocols set by the iwi.
Taonga
is a resource either physical or cultural that can be found in the environment (including features within the environment e.g. lakes, mountains, rivers, also including people, te reo, whakapapa, etc.).
Tapu/noa
is the state of being sacred or special. All taonga are tapu. The tapu of taonga needs to be removed temporarily in some cases before people can make use of, or tend them. Karakia are important for the removal of tapu and rendering the taonga noa (free of tapu, contactable or useable).
Tikanga Māori
the customs and traditions Māori live by and practise within the environment.
Tino Rangatiratanga
includes the rights, responsibilities and obligations involving the use, management and control of the land and other resources.
Waiata tawhito
a song or chant that has been passed down through generations within iwi. It may include information that explains events relating to the environment.
Whakanohonoho
Māori settlement was chiefly governed by access to resources.
Whakapapa
the geneaology of a taonga or person (ancestral and/or historical) with linkages to other taonga or persons.
Whanaungatanga
Māori share a common whakapapa with other people/taonga and therefore a strong sense of responsibility and reciprocal obligations toward those people/taonga. This forms an important part of a holistic world-view. All taonga are interrelated, interconnected and interdependent. The life force (mauri) of taonga must be protected. The sustainable management of taonga is therefore paramount to our survival.
LEVEL ONE (YEAR 11) GEOGRAPHY
GLOSSARY – add others too. Tick those you know. Draw some?
90202 – EXTREME NATURAL EVENTS Natural event
Breach
Process
Inundate
Natural hazard
Flood plain
Catchment area or Drainage Basin
Coastal lowlands
Headwaters
River mouth
Water cycle
Lagoon
Low pressure
Shingle bar
Isobars
Alluvium
Depression
Alluvial deposition
Front (eg stationary front)
Silt
Orographic rainfall
Fertile soil
Convectional rainfall
Debris
Frontal rain
Civil Defence
Met Office
Evacuation
Meteorological (weather) forecast
Sandbagging
Storm
State of emergency
Storm duration
Recovery
Storm intensity
Insurance
Precipitation
Infrastructure eg. roads,
Downpour Surface cover Interception Infiltration Saturation Run off Landslides Erosion Tributary Hydrograph Discharge (cumecs) River flow (rate / volume) River bed Braided river Lag time Stopbank or levee
railways, stormwater drains
Rehabilitation Prevention measures Afforestation Rural Urban Contaminated water (sewage) Trauma Disruption Flood prone Zoning restrictions Flood control scheme Groynes
LEVEL ONE (YEAR 11) GEOGRAPHY 90204 – RESOURCE USE – GLOSSARY (1) – RENEWABLE RESOURCES – DAIRY FARMING Resource
Mating
Pasture management
Natural environment
Run-with-bull
Rotational grazing
Physical factors
Artificial breeding
Oversowing
Region
Gestation (9 months)
“Work up” (plough to re-seed)
Natural resource
Calving
‘Shut up’ (to let grow long)
Cultural resource
Bobby calf
Haymaking
Renewable resource
Heifer
Baleage
Non-renewable resource
Weaning
Silage (ensilage)
Perception
Replacement stock
Silage pit
System
Colostrum
Hay barn / hay bale
Inputs
Calf pens
Feeding out
Processes or transformations
‘Calfeteria’
Tractor & attachments
Positive outputs
Milking shed
Water supply
Negative outputs (problems)
Herringbone shed
Resource consent
Feedbacks
Rotary milking shed
Irrigation
(Sustainable) management
Stock yards
Central pivot irrigator
Agriculture
Backing gate
Supplementary feed
Farming types
Mastitis
Fodder crop
Pastoral farming
Penicillin
Pugging
Intensive pastoral farming
“Bucket-milk”
Weed control (sprays)
(Extensive farming, Horticulture etc)
Vat
Thistles, dock, hemlock
Dairy farming
Tanker
Groundwater contamination
Pasture
Accessibility
Culling
Fertile soils
(Tanker turn-around)
Milk fat or milk solids
Relief – flat to gently rolling
Hosing down
Quota
Temperate climate
Effluent ‘saucer’
Winter supply farm
Herd
Effluent spreader
Milk testing
Friesian cows (& Jersey cows etc)
Lane or Race
Seasonal cycle
Town supply farm
Lime (lane surface)
(Drying off)
Factory supply farm
Paddock
Night shed
Dairy company (eg. Fonterra)
Fences / fencing
Ruminant
Breakfeeding /strip grazing
Udder (or bag)
Electric fence
Teats (or quarters)
Trough
Milking cups
Exotic grasses (eg, ryegrass & clover)
LEVEL ONE (YEAR 11) GEOGRAPHY 90204 – RESOURCE USE – GLOSSARY (2) – NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCE USE - COAL Resource
Solid Energy NZ Ltd
(Renewable resource)
EIA = Environmental Impact Assessment
Non-renewable resource Natural resource Energy resource Fossil fuel Coal (black, hydro-carbon rock) Coal rank Bituminous coal Sub-bituminous Lignite Carbon Peat Ash content Thermal power Coal reserves Accessibility Opencast mining Underground mining (continuous miner; bord & pillar) Coal seam Exploration eg. seismic profiling Overburden Stripping ratio Blasting Excavation Dump truck Stockpile Face shovel Front end loaders Screening Blending Rehabilitation Opencast pit Leachate (toxic water)
Mining consent Water consent Water treatment plant Settling pond Visual pollution Noise pollution Air (dust) pollution Conservationists
LEVEL ONE (YEAR 11) GEOGRAPHY 90203 – POPULATION STUDIES (NZ) – GLOSSARY Population
Chain migration
Population distribution
Urbanisation
Population density
Northward drift
Coastal lowlands
Origin (source)
Urban
Destination
Town
Intervening obstacles
City
Counter movement
Densely populated
OE
Sparsely populated
Age-sex structure
Rural
Population pyramid
Census
(Triangle / Bell / Vase shapes )
Population structure
Dependency groups
Demographic transition model
Dependency ratio
Growth rate
Fertility rate
Birth rate
Youthful population
Baby boom
Ageing population
Death rate / mortality
Gender ratio
Economic development
Employment (occupations; workforce…)
Longevity Life expectancy Natural increase Infant mortality rate Ethnicity Migration Emigration Immigration Immigration Policy In-migration Out-migration Push-pull factors Rural-urban migration Mechanisation Stepwise migration Intra-urban migration Suburb
Family size Government incentives Standard of living Infrastructure Budget Literacy level MDC LDC
TERM 4 COURSE & TUTORIAL OUTLINE YEAR 11 / Level One GEOGRAPHY – 2010 Week 1: 11/10 – Class: Internals – Catch-ups / 2nd Opps? Set-up 12/10 – Class: Skills intro –90206 (2009) exam analysis 13/10 – Class: Pre-Conferencing Review; Int AS catch-ups - lunchtime: Internal AS catch-ups - 3.30 – 5pm: Internal AS catch-ups 14/10 – No class – senior conferencing day (Int AS catch-ups?) 15/10 – Class: Map types; atlas interpretation; lat/long Week 2: 18/10 – Class: Skills: Topographical maps – Grid Refs & contours - 3.30 – 5pm: Pop’n standard 90203 20/10 – Class: 90203: diagrams, models & data interpretation 22/10 – Class: Population: graphs & summary of issues Week 3: 25/10 = Labour Day 26/10 – Class: Visuals – photos / diagrams / cartoons etc 27/10 - Class: Dairy farming recap + applying skills - 3.30 – 5pm: Resource Use 90204 – issues & skills 28/10 - Class: Dairy farming case study revision (learnz etc) 29/10 – Class: Coal Mining + maps, cross sections, pics etc Week 4: 1/11 - Class: Coal Mining 90204 – systems & issues recap - 3.30 – 5pm Mining case studies (learnz etc) 3/11 – Class: Skills: Graphing – types / interpretation 5/11 - Class: Graphs – construction & interp’n Week 5: 8/11 – Class: Extreme Natural Events 90202 – Floods revision - 3.30 – 5pm 90202 paragraph practice 9/11 – Class: Floods – case studies 10/11 – Exam questions – instructional terms; Maori terms; topic terms • Tuition available at other times by arrangement (eg. class times on 11th & 12th - exam hints; study skills; essays?)
bring prac answers; questions... be specific!
GOOD LUCK – GOOD GEOGRAPHY!!!
