Lighting Facts: A Tool to Track the LED Replacement Lamp Market. 4 .... of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renew
May 2011
Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps A Program of the U.S. DOE
A Program of the U.S. DOE
Prepared for:
U.S. Department of Energy
Prepared by:
D&R International, Ltd. 1300 Spring Street, Suite 500 Silver Spring, MD 20910
Authors:
Jason West Marci Sanders
Contents A Program of the U.S. DOE
Executive Summary
1
New in This Edition
3
Lighting Facts: A Tool to Track the LED Replacement Lamp Market
4
LED Replacement Lamps: State of the Market
4
EISA Efficiency Levels for A-Lamps
6
A-Lamps, 2012–2019
6
A-Lamps, 2020
6
A-Lamp Performance Compared to EISA, 2012-2019
7
A-Lamp Performance Compared to EISA, 2020
9
LED A-Lamp Performance Trends and Projections
11
Color Performance of LED A-Lamp Replacements
12
A-Lamp Cost Analysis
14
DOE Energy Conservation Standard: Incandescent Reflector Lamps
16
Reflector Lamps, 2012
17
DOE Energy Conservation Standard: General Service Fluorescent Lamps
21
Four-Foot Linear Fluorescent Lamps, 2012 22
A Program of the U.S. DOE
Executive Summary This Lighting Facts® Product Snapshot represents an analysis of the dataset underlying the DOE Lighting Facts A Program of the U.S. DOE product list. This document is designed to help lighting retailers, distributors, designers, utilities, and energy efficiency program sponsors understand the current state of the LED replacement lamp market and its trajectory. The lighting industry is experiencing major change, as new federal efficacy and labeling guidelines are phased in for the most common types of lamps (light bulbs). For this reason, most figures in the Snapshot show lamp performance for LEDs and competing products relative to federal efficiency levels. The effective dates of standards for A-lamps begin with 100W lamps in 2012 and end with 40W lamps in 2014, while standards for incandescent reflector and linear fluorescent lamps take effect in 2012.
This analysis yielded two principal observations: •• LED lamp light output has been rising steadily, but not fast enough to replace 100W A-lamps by 2012. •• Lamp performance remains highly variable across all performance metrics. Retailers, distributors, and lighting professionals should therefore exercise due diligence when evaluating LED products. Before making a purchasing decision, Lighting Facts partners should conduct thorough performance reviews and test product samples in homes or offices if possible.
In addition, some LED products will play a key role in the market transition: •• LED A-lamps performing at 450 lumens (40W incandescent equivalent) and 800 lumens (60W incandescent equivalent) are already available. If SSL market growth continues, these products will likely be widely available in 2014, when increased efficiency levels will affect the manufacture and import of traditional 40W and 60W incandescent lamps. •• The Lighting Facts dataset suggests that 1100-lumen LED A-lamps (equivalent to 75W incandescent A-lamps) will be available between 2011 and 2012. These lamps could be widely available in January 2013, when standard levels will affect the manufacture and import of 75W incandescent A-lamps. 1 I Lighting Facts Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps 2011
•• LED reflector replacement lamps are already available at many incandescent and halogen wattage equivalency levels for PAR20/R20, PAR30/R30, and PAR38/R38 lamps. The highest performing LED products may be poised to replace inefficient incandescent and halogen reflector lamps in 2012. •• No LED linear replacement lamps match the light output of linear fluorescent lamps. Highefficiency linear fluorescent lamps that meet 2012 federal efficacy levels are already widely available.
Observations about A-lamp, reflector lamp, and linear lamp replacements include the following: LED A-Lamp Replacements •• LED A-lamp replacements meet the 2012–2014 standard efficacy levels, but over 67% of those products fall below 450 lumens (40W incandescent A-lamp equivalency). Over 25% of LED A-lamp replacements do meet that level, while 8% of LED A-lamp replacements meet or exceed 800 lumens (60W incandescent A-lamp equivalency). •• Seventy-six percent of LED A-lamp replacements meet the 2020 federal efficacy requirement of 45 lumens per watt. •• Only 56% of those products meet generally accepted color performance metrics for A-lamps. •• The simple payback of 800-lumen (60W-equivalent) LED A-lamps at current prices ($40 per bulb) is 6.3 years at average electricity rates. Payback will decline proportionately as the lamp price decreases. Lamp prices are projected to drop by a factor of ten over the next decade. LED Reflector Lamp Replacements •• LED reflector lamps are available for a higher level of light output (exceeding 1100 lumens) than LED A-lamps (which exceed 800 lumens), but are still missing for the highest equivalency levels, like 90W halogen PAR38 lamps (1300– 1400 lumens). •• Only two LED PAR30 replacement lamps approach the light output of the 75W PAR30 halogen lamps
in the market (the highest widely available PAR30 wattage, which ranges from 950–1100 lumens). One LED PAR20 replacement lamp exceeds the light output of 50W A Program of the U.S. DOEPAR20 halogen lamps (the highest widely available PAR20 wattage, which ranges from 500–600 lumens). LED PAR30 and PAR20 replacement lamps are widely available for lower wattage equivalency levels. LED Linear Lamp Replacements •• LED replacements for 4-foot linear fluorescent lamps continue to produce, on average, only
half the total light of the fluorescent products they are designed to replace (1500 lumens for LED lamps, compared to 3000 lumens for fluorescent lamps). •• Sixty-five percent of LED replacements are less efficient than fluorescents. •• LED replacements may find niche applications that take advantage of their directionality, but they do not perform well enough to be considered one-for-one replacements of linear fluorescent lamps.
A Decade of Change 40W-equivalent and 60W-equivalent LED A-lamps reach the market
75W-equivalent LED A-Lamps projected to reach the market
100W-equivalent LED A-lamps projected to reach the market
Federal efficiency levels for 75W-equivalent A-lamps
Federal efficiency levels for 100W-equivalent A-lamps
2010
2011
2012
FTC mandatory consumer labeling requirements
2013
Federal efficiency levels for all A-lamps: 45 lm/W
Federal efficiency levels for 60W-equivalent and 40W-equivalent A-lamps
2014
2015
Federal efficiency levels for reflector and linear fluorescent lamps
Analysis and figure: D&R International
2 I Lighting Facts Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps 2011
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
New in This Edition Table 1. Snapshot Updates Since the Last Edition A Program of the U.S. DOE
Analysis
A-Lamps
Reflector Lamps
Sample Size September 2010
May 2011
LED product performance
32
66
Non-LED product performance
35
70
Cost analysis
NA
80
Performance projections
NA
66
LED product performance
163
416
Non-LED product performance
30
96
Reflector lamp subtype analysis
NA
416
LED product performance
23
55
Non-LED product performance
3
23
218
537
Linear Lamps
Total number of LED products analyzed
3 | Lighting Facts Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps 2011
Lighting Facts: A Tool to Track the LED Replacement Lamp Market To answer the question of how LED replacement A Program of the U.S. DOE lamp performance compares to the required performance levels mandated by the legislation and to the performance of incumbent technology, this Snapshot draws from the database of Lighting Facts products (available at www.lightingfacts.com/ products). Lighting Facts is a DOE-administered truth-in-advertising program for LED products. Here are some quick facts about the program: •• To have a product added to the Lighting Facts product list, a manufacturer must first test the product in accordance with the industry-accepted test method for electrical and photometric measurements of solidstate lighting, IES LM-79-08, at an approved laboratory. The manufacturer must then submit the test results and performance claims for independent verification by DOE.1
Lighting Facts is a valuable source of information on the state of the LED replacement lamp market. As the Lighting Facts database is growing rapidly, DOE plans to update this Product Snapshot twice a year to capture the most current and accurate information possible.
LED Replacement Lamps: State of the Market LED replacement lamps make up almost half of all products registered on Lighting Facts (Figure 1A), while luminaires (i.e., LED fixtures) represent the remainder. Figure 1B shows further detail of replacement lamp types.
•• Five key performance metrics (light output in lumens, input power in watts, efficacy in lumens per watt, color rendering index (CRI), and correlated color temperature (CCT) in kelvin) are reported on the label and the online product list. •• The product list includes a variety of product types, from manufacturers large and small and lighting industry veterans to entirely new companies. •• As of May 2011, 235 manufacturers, 185 retailers and distributors, and 208 lighting professionals have partnered with the program, representing a majority of the LED industry. •• Lighting Facts is the largest database of its kind. More than 2,600 products were registered as of May 2011. •• Organizations interested in partnering with the program may sign up at www.lightingfacts.com. 1—As of May 2011, all Lighting Facts product data is based on products that manufacturers selected for testing.
4 | Lighting Facts Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps 2011
Directional replacement lamps (replacements for reflector lamps like MR-16s, Rs, and PARs) make up almost two-thirds of the registered replacement lamps on Lighting Facts. Why are most LED replacement lamps directional? LED technology is inherently directional (light is emitted in a specific direction), in contrast to incandescent, halogen, and fluorescent lamps, which are omnidirectional (light is emitted in
all directions). Manufacturers are investing in products that take advantage of the inherent directionality of LEDs. Also, transforming directional light omnidirectional light is A Program ofinto the U.S. DOE technically challenging and almost always results in lower efficacy in the final product. Despite the prevalence of directional lamps registered with Lighting Facts, LED replacements for omnidirectional A-lamps represent a significant segment of registered products and will likely play an important role in the overall A-lamp market. LED A-lamps, for instance, are estimated to have an energy savings potential of 84.1 terawatt-hours (TWh)—more than double the savings potential of LED directional lamps (including PAR, BR, R, and MR16 lamps), which is estimated at 41.5 TWh, assuming all
Figure 1A. Lighting Facts Replacement Lamps and Luminaires
incandescent and fluorescent lamps were replaced by LEDs. 2 A-lamps registered with Lighting Facts may not in practice be truly omnidirectional products, as incandescent lamps are. Manufacturers select product types from a drop-down list to better characterize their products and ensure that they can be compared to similar products. Lighting Facts does not currently verify product equivalency based on these types, including whether the light distribution matches the target incumbent product. Lighting Facts has started tracking light distribution data; future versions of this Snapshot will include that information. 2—Navigant Consulting Inc. “Energy Savings Estimates of Light Emitting Diodes in Niche Lighting Applications.” Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Program. January 2011.
Figure 1B. Lighting Facts Replacement Lamps, by Type
Omnidirrectional (A-la amps) 7%
Luminaires 55%
Replacement Lamps 45%
Other 17% Linear (T8) 6% Decorative e 5%
2,074 Total Products
Source: DOE Lighting Facts Products List, February 2011, www.lightingfacts.com/products.
5 | Lighting Facts Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps 2011
Directional (PAR38 & R38) 18% Directional (PAR30 & R30) 20%
Direcctional (PAR20 & R20) 6% 933 Replacement Lamps
Note: Replacement lamp percentages do not add up to exactly 100 due to rounding. Analysis and figures: D&R International.
Directional (MR16) 19%
EISA Efficiency Levels for A-Lamps
are now 100W, 75W, 60W, and 40W incandescent products will be required to consume no more than 72W, 53W, 43W, and 29W, respectively. During this period, EISA requirements will apply to the manufacture and import, but not the sales, of general service lamps.
A-Lamps, 2012–2019 A Program of the U.S. DOE Table 2 shows a summary of the efficacy levels3 in the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) for general service lamps by lamp wattage.
From 2012 to 2014, new power consumption levels for medium screw base, general service lamps with light output from 310–2600 lumens will take effect and will remain in effect until December 31, 2019.4 Lamps with light output in the ranges of what
EISA does not ban incandescent lamps; it increases the minimum efficacy levels for all general service lamps. Some incandescent lamps (in the form of halogen lamps) already meet the new efficacy requirements.
A-Lamps, 2020
3—The term “efficacy” in this document refers specifically to the luminous efficacy of a lamp or luminaire, which is defined as the ratio of total light output to input power (in lumens per watt). The term “efficiency” is also used in this document to describe federal standard levels and product performance, though “efficacy” is a more common technical metric for lighting products.
Starting on January 1, 2020, lamps of all lumen values will be held to a single efficacy requirement of 45 lumens per watt. At this point, enforcement of the legislation will shift from manufacture and import to sales. In 2014, DOE will revisit the 2020 lamp efficacy requirement and will increase the requirement if necessary.
4—Many lamp types are exempt from EISA, including 3-way lamps, rough service lamps, and candelabra lamps. A complete list of exemptions can be found in the EISA summary document located at www.lightingfacts.com/efficiency.
Table 2. EISA A-Lamp Standards, 2012–2020
Typical Lamp Wattage
Rated Lumen Ranges
Maximum Allowed Wattage after EISA
Lamp Efficacy after EISA (lm/W)
Effective Date
100
1490–2600
72
21–36
1/1/2012
75
1050–1489
53
20–28
1/1/2013
60
750–1049
43
17–24
1/1/2014
40
310–749
29
11–26
1/1/2014
All Lamps
All Lamps
45
1/1/2020
6 | Lighting Facts Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps 2011
The Lighting Prize The L-Prize (www.lightingprize.org) A Program of the U.S. DOE
is the first governmentsponsored technology competition designed to spur lighting manufacturers
A-Lamp Performance Compared to EISA, 2012-2019 Figure 2 shows the EISA requirements and replacement lamp product performance. Lamps with performance that falls in the shaded areas will not comply with the EISA requirements and cannot be manufactured or imported starting on the effective dates set by the legislation. Common incandescent lamps will not meet the requirements.
to develop high-quality, high-efficiency solid-state lighting products to replace the common light bulb. As of May 2011, one entry is under review.
Which products will meet the EISA 2012-2019 efficacy levels? •• LED replacement lamps, which have become commercially available in the past few years. These lamps are only available at light output levels below 900 lumens. Approximately 8% of the LED A-lamp replacements on the Lighting Facts product list emit enough light to be considered 60W replacements (800 lumens). Similarly, 25% of these products could be considered 40W replacements (450 lumens).5 •• CFLs, which are already widely available as more efficient alternatives to incandescent lamps. CFLs are three to four times more efficient than the minimum EISA requirements. CFLs are available that meet or exceed light output equivalencies of all the incandescent lamps affected by EISA. •• Specially designed halogen lamps. All major lighting manufacturers have developed new halogen lamp designs which just meet the minimum EISA 2012–2019 performance standards. Prices of these products are dropping steadily and they could become the preferred substitute for traditional incandescents. Though these products meet the EISA requirements, their rated light output appears slightly lower than that of the incandescent lamps they claim to replace.
5—Consistent with ENERGY STAR’s CFL requirements, 40W incandescent light output equivalency is generally accepted to be 450 lumens and 60W equivalency is generally accepted to be 800 lumens. Actual incandescent lamp light output may vary.
7 | Lighting Facts Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps 2011
Figure 2. A-Lamp Performance Compared to EISA, 2012-2019 EISA requirements A Program of the U.S. DOE
L-Prize
2000 72W (2012)
Light Output (lumens)
100W
1500 53W (2013) 75W
1000
43W (2014)
60W
29W (2014)
EISA impacts U.S. imports and manufacturing
40W
500
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Wattage LED
CFL
Halogen
Traditional incandescent
60W-equivalent LED lamps
Sources: Incandescent, Halogen, and CFL: D&R International, review of package labels and website specifications of bulbs sold at major
retailers, February 2011. LED: DOE Lighting Facts Products List, February 2011, www.lightingfacts.com/products. Analysis and figure: D&R International.
8 | Lighting Facts Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps 2011
100
A-Lamp Performance Compared to EISA, 2020
A Program of the U.S. DOE
Figure 3 presents the EISA requirement for A-lamps in 2020, as well as the current performance values for LED, CFL, and halogen lamps. The sloped line shows the single efficacy requirement of 45 lumens per watt for all A-lamps. Which products will meet the EISA 2020 efficacy level? •• Approximately 90% of currently available LEDs and CFLs already meet the EISA 2020 efficacy level. •• Current halogen products will not meet the EISA 2020 efficacy level. Other important considerations: •• DOE projections from the 2011 Multi-Year Program Plan (MYPP) show that the efficacy of LED packages (the light sources used in LED replacement lamps and other LED products) is increasing rapidly, and is expected to double between 2010 and 2020. •• CFLs that meet the light output levels of the four common lamp wattages affected by EISA are already available. •• After the EISA provisions take effect, consumers will not be able to rely on the traditional 40W/60W/75W/100W wattage indicators to purchase light bulbs. Even if LEDs catch up to the light output levels of CFLs and the higher-wattage incandescent and halogen products they are designed to replace, there will be a range of wattages available for bulbs at all light output levels by 2020.
9 | Lighting Facts Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps 2011
Figure 3. A-Lamp Performance, Compared to EISA, 2020
A Program of the U.S. DOE
45 lu m en sp er wa tt
Light Output (lumens)
2000
1500
1000
500 EISA impacts U.S. sales
0
10
0
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Wattage LED
CFL
Halogen
60W-equivalent LED lamps
Traditional incandescent
Sources: Incandescent, Halogen, and CFL: D&R International, review of package labels and website specifications of bulbs sold at major
retailers, February 2011. LED: DOE Lighting Facts Products List, February 2011, www.lightingfacts.com/products Analysis and figure: D&R International.
10 | Lighting Facts Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps 2011
100
LED A-Lamp Performance Trends and Projections
performance improvements and product release dates cannot be predicted, the projections in Figure 4 may help partners prepare for important changes in the replacement lamp market.
Figure 4 shows the minimum, average, and A Program of the U.S. DOE maximum light output of Lighting Factsregistered A-lamps by the quarter within which they were registered. Two performance projections—one representing a logarithmic fit to the maximum light output data and one representing adjusted performance targets 6 from the 2011 DOE MYPP —are overlaid to show when 75W- and 100W-equivalent LED replacement lamps (based on 1100 lumens and 1600 lumens, respectively) might become available. While factors like unplanned
6—This performance projection was developed by multiplying DOE efficacy projections for warm-white luminaires (assuming efficiency correction factors from package to luminaire are similar to correction factors from package to lamp) by 12W. Lighting Facts estimated this maximum design wattage for A19 LED replacement lamps based on conversations with manufacturers and on the Lighting Facts product list, in which over 90% of A-lamp replacements are rated at 12W or less. The MYPP makes efficacy projections by year, while Lighting Facts makes projections by quarter. To avoid overestimating performance, Lighting Facts assumed that MYPP projections were for the fourth quarter of the year.
Figure 4. LED A-Lamp Performance Trends and Projections 2000 1800
75W-equivalents likely between mid-2011 and late-2012
1600
100W (1600 lumens)
60W-equivalents hit the market in 2010
1400 1200
100W-equivalents likely between late-2013 and mid-2015
1000
75W (1100 lumens)
60W (800 lumens)
800 600
40W (450 lumens)
400 200 0 2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
Year Max
Avg.
Min
Adjusted DOE MYPP Projection
Logarithmic fit to Lighting Facts data
Sources: LED: DOE Lighting Facts Products List, February 2011, www.lightingfacts.com/products. Adjusted DOE MYPP Projection: Uses warm-white luminaire efficacy projections from the DOE Solid-State Lighting Research and
Development Multi-Year Program Plan, May 2011, along with an estimated 12W power ceiling for LED A-lamp replacements. Analysis and figure: D&R International.
11 | Lighting Facts Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps 2011
Color Performance of LED A-Lamp Replacements
A Program of the U.S. DOE
Evaluating light output and efficacy alone is not enough to accurately compare the performance of LED products to other lighting technologies. Stakeholders planning to purchase or specify LED products should consider other metrics such as CRI, CCT, light distribution, and lifetime before making a decision. This Snapshot does not examine those metrics in detail, but the following example illustrates the importance of a comprehensive performance review. Figure 5 shows the CRI and CCT of the same LED A-lamp replacements shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3. The three CCT descriptions that Lighting Facts uses—“warm white,” “bright white,” and “daylight”— are overlaid for reference. A CRI of 80 (considered acceptable for most indoor applications where color quality is important7) is also overlaid. If a buyer is interested only in warm white products with a CRI of 80 or above, the field of products shrinks in half. Although all of these products meet the EISA 2012–2014 efficacy levels (Figure 2), they may not meet buyers’ other requirements (e.g., CRI, CCT, light distribution, and lifetime). Failure to meet these other requirements could result in customer disappointment, thereby slowing market adoption of LED A-lamp replacements. All of these metrics must be considered when evaluating the performance of LED replacement lamps.8
®
7—CFLs and LED A-lamps must have a CRI of at least 80 to qualify for ENERGY STAR . 8—Lighting Facts has started tracking light distribution data, including zonal lumen density, beam angle, and center beam candlepower. Future versions of this report will examine these data. Lighting Facts does not currently track or verify product lifetime, but DOE has released recommendations on how the program may accomplish this. In the meantime, partners can use the Residential and Commercial Product Performance Scales, which are resources Lighting Facts provides to help facilitate a thorough performance review. Both Performance Scales are located at www.lightingfacts.com/resources.
12 | Lighting Facts Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps 2011
Figure 5. Color Performance of LED A-Lamp Replacements
100
A Program of the U.S. DOE
Warm White
Bright White
Daylight
90
Example of acceptable CRI level
CRI
80
70
60
50 2,5002700 2900 3100 33003,5003700 3900 4100 43004,5004700 4900 5100 53005,5005700 5900 6100 63006,500 CCT (K)
Sources: LED: DOE Lighting Facts Products List, February 2011, www.lightingfacts.com/products. Analysis and figure: D&R International.
13 | Lighting Facts Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps 2011
Note on Payback Assumptions The payback numbers in this A Program3of hours the U.S. DOE of use analysis assume
per day, consistent with the 2012 FTC mandatory consumer label for common replacement lamps and ENERGY STAR. Some independent studies commissioned by DOE and the California Public Utilities Commission report average hours of use may be substantially lower (1.9 hours per day).
A-Lamp Cost Analysis Figure 6 shows the total cost of ownership (TCO)—which includes initial bulb purchase price, the cost of replacement bulbs over time, and energy cost over time—for 60W incandescent lamps and 60W-equivalent halogen, CFL, and LED lamps based on typical retail prices in February 2011. A hypothetical scenario assuming a future LED lamp price of $5 is also included for reference. Although halogen lamps use nearly 30% less power than incandescent lamps with equivalent light output, the higher initial price of halogen lamps results in roughly the same TCO over time. Halogen lamps could result in a lower TCO than incandescent lamps over time if halogen bulb prices were reduced. CFLs use 75% less power than incandescents. When sold in multipacks, CFLs can have a lower TCO than halogens and pay back in less than a year, saving more than $50 over the typical 10,000-hour life of the product. LED replacements for 60W incandescent lamps retail around $40, which yields a payback of over six years—too long for many consumers. Lighting Facts partners may have more success marketing LED replacement lamps by focusing on their other positive attributes, such as longer life, better light quality, and dimming capabilities. LED replacement lamp cost is expected to decrease by a factor of ten over the next decade, according to the DOE MYPP, which will result in more reasonable paybacks and greater savings. For example, the hypothetical $5 LED scenario— possible within the next decade according to DOE projections— results in a payback of less than one year.
14 | Lighting Facts Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps 2011
Figure 6. Payback of 60W-Equivalent LED A-Lamp Replacements 80 A Program of the U.S. DOE
70 6.3-year payback of a $40 LED vs. an incandescent
Total Cost of Ownership ($)
60
50 $40 LED
40
30
0 0.6
0.8-year payback of a hypothetical $5 LED vs. an incandescent
a
Inc
t
en
sc
e nd
en
log
$
a 0H
.2
$2
20 $5 LED
10 L $1.50 CF
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
Hours Assumptions and Sources: Bulb purchase price: Represents per-bulb multi-pack prices when available and average bulb prices otherwise. Source: D&R
International, review of package labels and website specifications of bulbs sold at major retailers, February 2011. Daily bulb use: 3 hours, consistent with the 2012 FTC mandatory consumer label for common replacement lamps, and ENERGY STAR. Electricity rate: $0.11/kWh. Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration/Short-Term Energy Outlook - December 2010, using
U.S. average electricity prices for the residential sector, rounded down to the nearest cent. Lamp lifetime: Incandescent and halogen: 1,000 hours, based on the most common manufacturer-reported lifetime. Source: D&R
International, review of package labels and website specifications of bulbs sold at major retailers, February 2011. CFL: 10,000 hours, based on the median rated life of ENERGY STAR qualified CFLs. Source: ENERGY STAR CFL qualified products list, September 2010. LED: 25,000 hours, based on the minimum rated life for ENERGY STAR qualified Integral LED Lamps. Source: ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Integral LED Lamps. Wattage: 60W, 43W, 15W, and 12W for incandescent, halogen, CFL, and LED, respectively. Sources: Halogen: D&R International,
review of package labels and website specifications of bulbs sold at major retailers, February 2011. CFL: D&R International, September 2010: Analysis of the ENERGY STAR CFL qualified products list. 15W was the maximum wattage that included at least 10% of qualified products for the 60W equivalency level. LED: DOE Lighting Facts Products List, February 2011, and D&R International, review of package labels and website specifications of bulbs sold at major retailers, February 2011. Analysis and figure: D&R International.
15 | Lighting Facts Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps 2011
DOE Energy Conservation Standard: Incandescent Reflector Lamps A Program ofConservation the U.S. DOE The DOE Energy Standard will take effect on July 14, 2012, setting minimum efficacy levels for general service fluorescent lamps and incandescent reflector lamps.
Table 3 presents the efficacy requirements for incandescent reflector lamps. Lamp efficacy is determined by several factors, including the lamp’s input power, spectrum, voltage, and diameter.
Unlike EISA, the DOE Energy Conservation Standard affects only incandescent lamps, not 9 LED lamps or CFLs.1 However, as LED replacement products may constitute a significant portion of the reflector lamp market, it is useful to examine LED performance in the context of the incandescent efficacy requirements.
9—Certain types of reflector lamps are exempt from the standard, including those less than or equal to 2.25 inches in diameter (e.g., MR16s); ER30, BR30, BR40, or ER40 lamps rated at 50 watts or less; BR30, BR40, or ER40 lamps rated at 65 watts; and R20 incandescent reflector lamps rated at 45 watts or less.
Table 3. DOE Energy Conservation Standards, Incandescent Reflector Lamps
Lamp Spectrum Type Standard Spectrum
Modified Spectrum
Lamp Diameter ANSI*
Lamp Voltage
Inches
125 V
>20
>2.5
5.9*P(0.27)
6.8*P(0.27)
2.5
5.0*P(0.27)
5.8*P(0.27)
2 n Co ete gy iam r ne d E E amp O l D
1200
Light Output (lumens)
1000
75W
800 60W
600
65W
50W
400
200
Impacts on U.S. imports and manufacturing (July 2012)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Wattage
LED
CFL
Halogen
Sources: LED: DOE Lighting Facts Products List, February 2011, www.lightingfacts.com/products. CFL: D&R International, review of package labels and website specifications of bulbs sold at major retailers, February 2011. Incandescent/Halogen: D&R International, review of package labels and website specifications of bulbs sold at major
retailers, February 2011. U.S. Department of Energy, Final Rule Technical Support Document: Energy Conservation Standards for General Service Fluorescent Lamps and Incandescent Reflector Lamps, July 2009. DOE CALiPER Program, May 2009. Analysis and figure: D&R International.
Figure does not include the performance of BR30 lamps, which are widely available and exempt from the DOE standard.
19 | Lighting Facts Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps 2011
Figure 7c. Performance of Incandescent Reflector and LED Replacement Lamps, PAR20/R20
A Program of the U.S. DOE
1400
PAR20/R20 Lamp Performance
Light Output (lumens)
1200
1000 r
se
800
g
er
n EE
on yC
s he nc i .5
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