U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program
LIQUEFACTION SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE BAYAMON AND SAN JUAN QUADRANGLES, PUERTO RICO Jeffrey L. Bachhuber, James V. Hengesh and Sean T. Sundermann William Lettis & Associates, Inc. 1777 Botelho Drive Suite 262, Walnut Creek, CA 94596 Phone: (925) 256-6070 Fax: (925) 256-6076 email:
[email protected], email:
[email protected]
63°0'0"W
66°0'0"W
BEGIN HERE
Puerto Rico
thrust North Hispaniola
Are there borehole data?
18°25'0"N
Bowin/Main Ridge fault zone
19°0'0"N
19°0'0"N
5
Estimated Liquefaction Triggering Acc.
Estimated Percent Liquefiable Texture
Description
M w 6.5
M w 8.0
Typical Groundwater Depth (m)
Liquefaction Hazard *
VERY HIGH
Qs
Holocene swamp deposits
50%
0.1g
0.05g
0.2g
3.0-10
LOW-MEDIUM
Qvf
Late Pleistocene to Holocene valley fill
0.3g
>0.25g
1.5-6.0
LOW
Qf
Late Pleistocene to early Holocene fan
0.3g
>0.25g
1.5-6.0
LOW
Qfo
Mid Pleistocene to Pliocene fan deposits
0.3g
>0.3g
1.5-6.0
LOW
Qao
Late PleistocenePliocene alluvium
0.3g
>0.25g
1.5-6.0
LOW
Qtb
Late Pleistocene to Holocene blanket
0.3g
>0.25g
1.5-6.0
LOW
QTt
Pleistocene alluvium
0.3g
>0.3g
3.0-10
LOW-VERY LOW
Bx
Bedrock
0%
NA
NA
3.0-10
NEGLIGIBLE
MEDIUM-HIGH
Qf
50
5
5
B.
>8.0
Explanation Geotech Borings
60
0.20
0.50
HIGH
Qb
50
0.30
QTt
VERY HIGH
San Juan Geology
40
>5
0.60
Susceptibility
Qbr
60
Seed curves
Qss
Explanation
Interp Geology
50
0.40
Boring Log
Qb
5,200 Feet
USGS Wells
40
0.10
Existing mapping was updated by: (1) comparing geologic unit boundaries with stereographic interpretation 0
30 SPT N60
Percent Fines=35 15
0.10
10
0
~20 mm/yr relative to North America
Quaternary Geologic Map The Quaternary geologic map was developed by compiling surficial geologic and soils data, analyzing subsurface boring logs, interpreting aerial photographs, and conducting field verification of unit boundaries and descriptions. Data sources for our map analysis included: • USGS geological map of the San Juan Quadrangle (scale 1:20,000) (Pease and Monroe, 1977); • USGS geological map of the Bayamon Quadrangle (scale 1:20,000) (Monroe, 1973); and, • Over 800 unpublished logs of geotechnical boreholes and water wells from the Puerto Rico Department of Transportation and Highways, Tren Urbano Project, local consultants, and U.S. Geological Survey files.
20
Qf
0.40
Name: Luis Alvarez Project: Tren Urbano Location: Las Americas
15
20
Boring and well locations
3.0 - 3.9
69°0'0"W 69°0'0"
10
0.50
Percent Fines=35 15
Depth to groundwater map
15
7.0 - 7.9
0
0.60
0.50
Liquefaction susceptibility map
Med.
Medium
Thrust fault
61 - 150
0.00
>5
0.60
High
46 - 60
60
0.40
Greater than 0.25g?
Yes
Explanation
4.0 - 4.9 5.0 - 5.9 6.0 - 6.9
50
Qb
0
Investigator fault zone
11 - 45
0.20
0.00
Very High
0 - 10
40
Yes
Low
Lajas Valley fault
17°0'0"N
The new combined susceptibility map supports ongoing efforts by various Puerto Rican governmental and earth science organizations to reduce seismic hazard. The GIS maps and data map layers produced by this research provide a publicly available information resource to assess ground deformation hazards, develop mitigation measures, and to assess potential risks to critical lifelines and other facilities that support the large population of the greater San Juan area.
No
lt zone u a f a d Anega
Depth
30 SPT N60
0.60
66°0'0"W
Puerto Rico lies along the Northern Caribbean Plate Boundary Zone, a seismically active region characterized by convergence and lateral translation of the North American and Caribbean plates (Mann et al., 2005; Mann et al., 2002; McCann et al., 2002). Major tectonic elements of the region include the Puerto Rico and Muertos Trough subduction zones, the Anegada and Mona Passages, and segments of the Great Southern Puerto Rico fault zone. Several largemagnitude historical earthquakes demonstrate the seismic potential of the region. Major earthquakes were reported in 1670, 1787, 1867, and 1918 (McCann 1990, 2002, Doser et al., 2005), and liquefaction was reported to occur during these historic earthquakes (e.g., Reid and Taber, 1919). Probabilistic seismic hazard analyses (PSHA) conducted for Puerto Rico (Crouse and Hengesh, 2003; Mueller et al., 2003) estimate ground motions with a 10% probability of exceedence in 50 years (approximately 475-year return period) to be about 0.25g, and ground motions with a 2% probability of exceedence in 50 years (2475-year return period) to be about 0.45g. These ground motion estimates are well above the triggering threshold for liquefaction of susceptible deposits in the San Juan area. The historical seismicity and seismotectonic setting of Puerto Rico demonstrate that the opportunity exists to cause liquefaction in susceptible sediments.
Seed curves 0.30
Ground motion threshold required to produce liquefaction (normalized for M7.5 EQ)
GNPRFZ
66°5'0"W
20
Classification base on Liquefaction Threshold Analysis
GSPRFZ 66°10'0"W
10
0.10
Early to middle Pleistocene deposits
AGUAS BUENAS
66°15'0"W
>50%
>50%
No
Septentriona l fault zone
0
0.50
No Yes
Average Groundwater 3 meters
Yes
No
Less than 0.1g? NARANJITO
Very high
No Yes
Average Groundwater 3 meters
Yes
Late Pleistocene deposits
Yes
CAROLINA
VEGA ALTA
r Rive mon
SAN JUAN
0.20
Percent of Liquefiable Texture
Average Groundwater 1.5 meters
Yes
Middle or Early Holocene deposits? No
Mona Passage
The areas of highest liquefaction hazard occur along the low-lying coastal plain where beach, river, and swamp sediments interfinger to form relatively thick sequences of loose, fine grained cohesionless deposits. The Rio Bayamon and Rio de la Plata valleys both contain highly susceptible deposits. The areas underlain by Quaternary silica sands, blanket deposits, colluvium, valley fill, and alluvial fan deposits have low to moderate susceptibility to liquefaction. Most of the areas to the south of the coastal plain lie within Moderate, Low, or Very Low hazard zones.
Historic or Late Holocene deposits? No
No
Coastal Plain
a Bay
18°25'0"N
Classification based on Geologic Criteria
Yes
one Bonce fault z
BAYAMON
Yes
Seed curves
0.10
Age of deposit and depth of groundwater required to produce liquefaction
Coastal Plain
0.30
0.40
0.10
Very low
No
0.40
0.00
Puerto Rico trench subd uction zone
20°0'0"N
Atlantic Ocean
Susceptibility Unit
Does upper 40 feet contain saturated granular sediments?
18°30'0"N
18°30'0"N
Study Area
The liquefaction susceptibility map was developed through a five step process including: (1) preparation of a detailed Quaternary geological map delineating deposits age, depositional environment, and texture; (2) evaluation of Quaternary deposit thickness and depth to groundwater; (3) initial evaluation of relative liquefaction susceptibility (decision tree); (4) liquefaction triggering evaluation using geotechnical borehole data and the Seed and Idriss (1971b) “Simplified Procedure”; and, (5) identification of units of similar susceptibility and the formation of liquefaction susceptibility zones. The map depicts seven liquefaction hazard zones for the San Juan and Bayamon area that range from Very Low Hazard to Very High Hazard.
62°0'0"W
Cyclic Stress Ratio (CSR)
64°0'0"W
>5
0.50
Cyclic Stress Ratio (CSR)
65°0'0"W
Cyclic Stress Ratio (CSR)
66°5'0"W
66°0'0"W
Cyclic Stress Ratio (CSR)
66°10'0"W
67°0'0"W
Percent Fines=35 15
0.50
20°0'0"N
66°15'0"W
68°0'0"W
>5
Cyclic Stress Ratio (CSR)
69°0'0"W
Analysis
Percent Fines=35 15
10
A liquefaction susceptibility map was prepared for the rapidly developing Bayamon area and combined with our previous map that was prepared for the San Juan area (Hengesh and Bachhuber 1999). The map area includes important lifeline corridors, power plants, industrial and pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities.
Seismotectonic Setting
0.60
0.60
Cyclic Stress Ratio (CSR)
Location Map
17°0'0"N
Abstract
Qay
Qs
water
VERY HIGH (See Note 2)
LOW-MEDIUM
Bx
Qf/Qs
Bx
Qfo
LOW
Channel
Qrl/Qs
QTt
Qs
VERY LOW
Qac
Qs
Qaf
Qss
Qaf
Qss
Qaf/Qs
Qtb
Qaf/Qay
Qt
Qafe
Qvf
Qaf/Qs
Qtb
Qao
Water
Qao
Qvf
Qay
water
Qay
water
ATLANTIC OCEAN
water
0
1,250 2,500
5,000 Feet water
sj_borings
Bx
Qb
water
Defense Department #3
Bx Defense Department #2 Bx
Defense Department #4
Bx Bx
water
Qay
Bx Bx Qb
Qay
SW-155
Bx
SW-156
Bx Qb
Qs Qaf
Qaf/Qs
water
Qs
GCB-17-41GCB-17-40 GCB-17-38GCB-17-34 GCB-17-32 GCB-17-31 GCB-17-39 GCB-28-2 GCB-28-3 GCB-17-29 GCB-28-4 GCB-17-28 GCB-28-1
Qs
water Qay Qs water
Qs
water
Qb
GCB-17-20
Qb
Qs
Qay
Qac
Bacardi Corporation #1
Bacardi Corporation #2
GCB-17-21
water
Qaf
GCB-27-1 GCB-27-2
GCB-17-23 GCB-17-22
Qay
Qaf
GCB-12-3 GCB-12-2 GCB-12-4 GCB-9-2GCB-9-3 GCB-12-1 GCB-9-1
GCB-17-26 GCB-17-25 GCB-17-24
GCB-17-19 GCB-17-18 GCB-17-17 GCB-17-16 GCB-17-15 GCB-17-14 GCB-17-13 GCB-17-12 GCB-17-10 GCB-17-9 GCB-17-11 GCB-17-2 Qaf/Qs GCB-17-8 GCB-17-5 GCB-17-4 Tropicana Nursery #3 GCB-17-7 GCB-17-1 Qs
MEDIUM-HIGH
Qaf/Qay
Qaf
water
Qf
Nevarez
Channel CSA-P3BR-7
Qac Qf
Qay Qac Channel Northern Gases Bacardi Corporation #2
Qac
Qs
Qac
Qvf
water Qf
Qf
Qay Qay
Gabriel Quintero
Qf
Qf
Qf
Qvf
Bx
Bx
Qf
Qaf/Qs Qay
Qac Rio Plantation #2
Qay Bx
Bx
Bx
Bx
Bx
Bx
Bx
Qtb
Frozen Fruit
GCB-10-6 GCB-10-5 GCB-10-2 GCB-10-3
Qao GCB-3-OW-9
Bx
Bx
GCB-5-SB-1
Qtb
Bx
Bx
Bx
GCB-26-5 GCB-26-6 GCB-26-4 Acuna #2 GCB-26-1 GCB-26-3
Bx
La Famosa # 1
Bx
Bx
GCB-23-4 GCB-23-3 Juli GCB-23-2 La Famosa #3
Bx
Bx Bx
Bx
Bx
HIGH SW-139
Qay
SW-152
LOW-MEDIUM
Qs Qay
SW-37
Qay
SW-82 SW-34
Qafe SW-38
Bx
SW-41
Bx SW-76
SW-26
Qafe
Fort Buchanan #2
TU-P9
SW-81
Qay
Qfo
Qfo
Bx
CSA-P3B-1 CSA-P3B-2 CSA-P3BB-5
SW-92
Bx
SW-91
HD-2-R12 HD-2-10 HD-2-R-15 Qay HD-2-R11 HD-2-R-32 HD-2-R-38 HD-2-R-35 HD-2-R-36 HD-4-2 HD-4-1 CSA-P3BR-16 HD-3-9 Qvf HD-4A-R-2 HD-3-12 HD-6B-B1HD-2-R7 QaoQay HD-4A-R-3 HD-3-10HD-3-11 Qay QayQao Qvf HD-2-R-6 HD-3-14B HD-2-RW-4 Vaqueria Espasas
QTt
Gazcot #1
SW-32
SW-25
Qay
SW-29
Qay
water CSA-P3BR-17 Qt Qt Qao Shell Oil HD-3-16C HD-2-RW-3 HD-2-RW-2 HD-3-16A HD-2-R5 HD-6A-B2HD-6A-B1 Qt Qay CSA-P4BR-2CSA-P4B-1 GCB-6-1 GCB-6-2 HD-2-RW-1 GCB-16-2 Qvf GCB-6-5 GCB-16-1 HD-3-17 Qay GCB-2-6 GCB-2-8 HD-2-R4 Bx HD-2-R2 Qt GCB-6-9 GCB-2-9 HD-2-R3 HD-3-18 HD-6C-B2 GCB-2-2GCB-2-5 GCB-2-7 GCB-2-12 GCB-24-RB23 HD-6C-B1 Qao HD-2-R1 GCB-2-10GCB-2-11 GCB-24-RB24 CSA-P4B-8 Qt GCB-24-RB25
Qt
GCB-4-3 GCB-4-6 GCB-4-2 GCB-4-7 GCB-4-5 GCB-4-1 GCB-4-4
Qay
Qvf
LOW
Qao
Qvf
Qt Qvf Qvf Qvf
Qt Qvf
Qt
Qt
Qt
Qvf Qvf
Qay
Qvf Qt
Rafael Fern ndez
Qvf Qvf
Bx
Qvf
Qay SW-16
Qfo TU-195
Qvf
CSA-P4BR-4Qao
QTt Qay
Qay
TU-178.7
TU-162.2
Qt
Qay
Qfo
SW-23
TU-213.4
TU-SJ4
Qvf
Qt
SG-16-AS-2
Bx
SW-11
VERY LOW
SG-16-AS-3 SG-16-AS-1
Qf
SG-16-RD-3 SG-16-RD-2 CSA-P4BR-8 CSA-P4BR-5 CSA-P4BR-6 CSA-P4BR-7
Qvf
Qao Qvf
CSA-P4BR-9
Qay Qt
Bx
VERY LOW
VERY LOW
VERY LOW
SG-16-RD-1
Qay
SW-22
CSA-P4BR-10 CSA-P4B-4
Qay
SG-16-C-2 SG-16-C-3 SG-16-C-1
CSA-P4B-5 CSA-P4BR-11CSA-P4BR-12
Qao Qao
Bx
Qay
CSA-P4BR-13
SW-17 SW-18
BAYAMO N LI QUEFAC TION
CSA-P4BR-14 CSA-P4BR-15
Bx
SW-20
Qvf
BAYAMO N LI QUEFAC TION
Qafe
Qvf
Qs
Bx
Qay Qvf
LOW-VERY LOW
Bx Bx Qfo
SW-2
HD-1CH-2
Qay
water
HD-1SB-1 HD-1SB-2 HD-1SB-3 HD-1SB-4 Bx HD-1R-10 HD-1SB-5 HD-1R-11 HD-1SB-6 HD-1SB-7 HD-1CH-4 HD-1R-12 HD-1C-2 GCB-18-1 HD-1C-1 GCB-18-2 HD-1C-3 Qvf GCB-18-3 HD-1R-13 HD-1R-14 GCB-18-3 HD-1CH-5 HD-1CH-6 HD-1CH-5B HD-1OE-1 HD-1CH-7 HD-1R-16 Qvf HD-1C-5 HD-1C-4 Qvf HD-1BX-1 HD-1C-7 HD-1C-6 HD-1OE-2 HD-1C-8 HD-1S5-4 HD-1R-18 HD-1R-21 HD-1BX-2 HD-1S4-4 HD-1S4-3 HD-1R-22 HD-1CH-9 HD-1CH-10A HD-1R-22A HD-1CH-10HD-1R-23 Qvf HD-1CH-10B Bx
Qt
Qao
HD-1CH-1
Qvf
LOW
Bx
SW-78 TU-P2 SW-24
LOW-VERY LOW
Qay
HD-1R-20A
Qvf
LOW
Qay
Bx SW-85
Qvf
LOW
Bx
SW-74
Bx
SW-14
Qay
SW-95
Qss SW-88
Qay
CSA-P3BR-12
Qs
SW-84
TU-248.8
SW-31
SW-27
Buchanan Park
GCB-23-1
Candelaria P jaros
LOW-MEDIUM
SW-153
Fort Buchanan #4
CSA-P3BB-4
Fort Buchanan # 3
Qay
Mari #1
y ac
QTt
SW-151
SW-118
SW-30
Qf CSA-P3BB-3
Qtb
Fonfrias #1
y c
SW-150
SW-144 SW-106
MEDIUM
Qs
SW-119
Qay
Fort Buchanan #7
Pozo Edmundo
GCB-7-8 GCB-7-7 GCB-7-2 GCB-7-5 Bx GCB-7-4
Bx
Bx Irizarry
GCB-26-2 Bx
SW-104 SW-105 SW-101 SW-102 SW-103
GCB-3-OW-8
GCB-3-OW-6 GCB-3-OW-5 GCB-3-OW-2 GCB-3-OW-4 GCB-3-OW-1 GCB-3-OW-3 La Famosa #2 Bx
Bx Qt
Qf
Bx Navy #4 GCB-3-OW-12
GCB-5-MEZ-1 Pennock Garden Acuna #1
CSA-P3BR-11
Qay
Qay
Qay
Qf
GCB-3-OW-11
Qvf
Bx
Qac
Qss
Rio Plantation #3
Bx
Pennock William
SW-99
LOW
SW-145
TU-264
Bx
Qs
SW-142 SW-143
SG-10A-B-29 SG-10A-FUS-25
SW-115 SW-116
MEDIUM
LOW
Qaf/Qs Qay
SW-146
SG-10A-FUS-13SG-10A-F-14 SG-10A-F-13 SG-10A-F-11
SW-109
Bx
Bx
SW-133
Qay
SW-120 SW-121 SW-122
Bx
SG1-1
Qay
Interstate Eng Corp.
Qao
SW-148 SW-134 SW-141
HD-8F-1 HD-8F-13
VERY HIGH
Qaf
FU-12 N-10 FU-35 F-21 FUS-23 FU-40A
CSA-P3ABR-2
Rio Plantation #1
Qao
VERY HIGH
Qaf/Qs
SW-132 SW-131
FP-56 F-19 FU-32
CSA-P3ABR-3 GCB-25-1 GCB-25-2 GCB-25-3
GCB-20-4
Qt
MEDIUMHIGH
LOW
Bx
CSA-P3ABR-4
Qs
Qs GCB-21-1 GCB-21-2 GCB-22-1 GCB-21-4 Qaf/Qs HD-8-9 HD-8-8 HD-8-6 HD-8-4 HD-8-3 Qaf/Qs HD-8-1 GCB-21-3 HD-8-12 HD-8F-3 HD-8-13 HD-8-15 HD-8-7 HD-8-5 GCB-29-3 GCB-29-2 HD-8-2 HD-8F-5 HD-8-11HD-8-23 HD-8-16 HD-8F-4 Qs GCB-29-4 Atlantic Concrete HD-8-18 HD-8-20HD-8-21HD-8-22 CSA-P3BR-10 GCB-29-1
Qaf
Bx Qvf
Qf
CSA-P3ABR-5
VERY HIGH
MEDIUM
VERY HIGH
Qs
Qaf/Qs
GCB-20-3 GCB-20-2 GCB-20-1
CSA-P3BR-9
Bx Qvf
SW-172
Qaf/Qs
GCB-20-6 GCB-20-5
Defense Department
MEDIUM-HIGH
SG-21
SG-21-DS2 SG-21-DS4 SG-21-DS7 SG-21-DS5 SG-21-DS6 SG-21-DS8
Qs
Qay GCB-20-7
CSA-P3BR-8GCB-15-3 Qf GCB-15-2 GCB-15-5 GCB-15-4
Qay Qf
CP-17
Qs
GCB-20-8
Qay
SW-170
Qs
C
CP-10
Qaf/Qs
SW-173
Qs
GCB-20-9
Qac
GCB-19-1
GCB-20-14 GCB-20-15 GCB-20-13 GCB-20-12 GCB-20-11
Qao
Qb
SG-8
Qaf/Qs
Qay
Qf
Qb
GCB-20-23 GCB-20-22 GCB-20-20GCB-20-21 GCB-20-19 GCB-20-18 GCB-20-17 GCB-20-16
Channel
Empresas Coqui
PP-4
SW-168
QTt
Qs
Qaf Qs
Qss
SG-21A
CSA-P3ABR-7
Qs
LOW-MEDIUM
SW-175
PP-5
CP-11
Qb
Qs
Qay
GCB-14-1 GCB-14-15 GCB-14-3 GCB-14-5 GCB-14-9 GCB-14-4 GCB-14-6 GCB-14-10
PP-3 PP-2 PP-1CP-1
SW-161
Qay GCB-8-6GCB-8-9 GCB-8-7 GCB-8-5 GCB-8-8
water Qaf
SW-162 SW-163
Defense Department #5
water
LOW
VERY HIGH
MEDIUM
CSA-P3ABR-8 CSA-P3AB-1
Qay
Fletcher #1
CP-4
CSA-P3AB-2
Qac
VERY HIGH
MEDIUM
CP-6
SG-18-14Qss
MEDIUMHIGH
CP-20
SG-18-22 CP-18 SG-18-15 SG-18-21
water
Qay
Bx
SW-160
CP-7
CP-8
SG-18-19 SG-18-17SG-18-1 SG-18-18
Qay
Qs
Qs CSA-P3BR-6Qay
-6
MEDIUM
SW-169 CP-5
GCB-30-17
Qs Qs Qac
Fletcher #2
Qaf
GCB-30-23 GCB-30-7 CSA-P3BR-2 GCB-30-24 GCB-30-6 GCB-30-4 GCB-30-5 GCB-30-21 GCB-30-22GCB-30-25 GCB-30-14 CSA-P3BR-3 Qay GCB-30-3 GCB-30-26 GCB-30-15 GCB-30-2 GCB-30-27 GCB-30-16 GCB-30-1 Qs GCB-30-28 Qaf/Qay CSA-P3BR-4 GCB-30-18
CSA-P3BR-5
water
CP-14
Qay
Jimenez Jorge
CSA-P3BR-2GCB-30-8 GCB-30-9
MEDIUMHIGH
SW-165 SW-159
Qb
GCB-13-1 GCB-13-2
Qs Qs Qs Qac Qac Qay Qay
Isabela Grove #1
Qay
Qaf
Liquefaction Susceptibility Map
Surficial Geology Map
CSA-P4BR-16
Qay Qvf
Qvf Bx Qay
Bx Qvf
Qvf
Plate 2
Qt
Plate 1 Qvf
Bx
CSA-P4BR-17ACSA-P4BR-17
CSA-P4BR-22
01/22/2008 (STS)
1580 Bayamon NEHRP
Bx
Poster Presented at 18th Conferencia Geologica del Caribe 2008, Santo Domingo, República Dominicana
01/22/2008 (STS)
1580 Bayamon NEHRP
M
