Who owns a bike? ® Does anybody cycle to work/college. ® Did anyone cycle to school when they were younger ? ® Why / why not ? Cycling and You ?
The impact of cycling skills training on cycling for transport & leisure in children
Cycling and You ? Who
owns a bike? Does anybody cycle to work/college Did anyone cycle to school when they were younger ? Why / why not ?
Proportion of trips to work and school in Ireland 1981 to 2011 (CSO) Level of cycling for transport in Ireland 2% (DOT, 2009) 30% of trips made by cars in Europe cover less than 3km and 50% less than 5 km (Dekoster, Schollaert, 1999).
Dublin
5.6% (CSO,
2006) Copenhagen
36%
Amsterdam
• 60% inner city, • 38% in greater city • City Cycling
Distance Biggest influence on travel mode choice (McDonald, 2007) Training Early age = increased parental confidence = children allowed to cycle for transport (Goodwin, 2013) Confidence Perceived lack of safety and confidence are major barriers (Lang et al, 2011) Motorised vehicles Ease of car transport = decline in cycling skills confidence of parents and children (Ducheyne et al, 2012).
Peer
influence Friends cycle more likely to use cycling as a form of transport (Ducheyne et al, 2012). Parents 1:Provision of cycle tracks (34%) 2: Secure cycle parking (25%) 3: Improved road safety (20%). (McMillan,2007)
Physical
Environment Children 20% more likely to cycle if they live within half a mile as opposed to one mile of a cycle lane (Vernez Moudon, Lee, Cheadle, Cheza, Johnson, Schmid, Weather, 2005).
Teenagers cycle to school School Cycle theory test School Cycle practical test Motorists trained for cyclists
Dungarvan 5%
Dublin 5%
Copenhagen 65%
No
No
Yes
Amsterdam 75% (84% within 5km) Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Table 1. Dungarvan Secondary School student travel modes for distance from school (An Taisce, 2013) % students living less than Secondary school Walk % Cycle % Total % 5km from school St Augustine's (mixed)
4.7
5.3
10
55.4
Ard Scoil (all girls)
14.3
1.6
15.9
56.3
CBS (all boys) Coláiste Cathail Naofa (mixed)
20.2
5.3
25.5
58.8
25.7
8.9
34.6
55.5
AWARDED €7.2MILLION MAIN OBJECTIVES • SHIFT TRAVEL MODES FROM THE PRIVATE CAR TO WALKING, CYCLING, PUBLIC TRANSPORT AND CAR SHARING; • IMPROVE THE HEALTH AND WELL-BEING OF RESIDENTS OF DUNGARVAN; • LEAD BY EXAMPLE FOR TOWNS THROUGHOUT IRELAND AND ACT AS AN INTERNATIONAL MODEL OF GOOD PRACTICE HOW • DELIVERY OF INFRASTRUCTURAL & BEHAVIOURAL CHANGE
What is the effect of cycling skills training on rates of cycling for leisure/mode of transport ?
Cycling Ireland Sprocket Rocket (7-11 years) Bike Start (7-18 year old) Cycling Ireland's 'Gearing up off road' programme (11 years +) Cycling Ireland's 'bike for life' programme (16 years plus) Cycling Ireland 'Gearing up road and time trial' programme (adult competition) An Taisce 'Get in Gear‘ (parents) Independant Cycle instructors (varies) Go Dungarvan Cycle Training (8-adult)
Children who cycle just fifteen minutes per day are reported to be fitter, have increased alertness and improved academic performance (www.bikehub.co.uk). Improved health and positive economic impact (UK All Party Parliamentary Cycling Group, 2013) Health benefits far exceed the health risks from traffic injuries. More people cycle = lower injury rates = greater perception that cycling is safe (Shephard, 2008)
Write
training programme and deliver to
tutors Survey children and parents pre training Delivery of training Survey children and parents post training
Mixed-method, quasi experimental, follow up study, with intervention and control groups 631 students surveyed from 23 classes in 3rd, 4th, 2nd year All students parents surveyed for cycling confidence 311 students and 17 parents from 13 classes completed five sessions Go Dungarvan cycle training in November av. cost €3.68 per person. Normal training €20, UK£40. Focus group Cycling training and tutor training written Questionnaires pre, post, post one month, six month and nine month
How
would you take this junction ?
What is the effect of cycling skills training on national school children's rates of cycling for leisure and as a mode of transport ? What is the effect of cycling skills training on secondary school children's rates of cycling for leisure and as a mode of transport ? Is the impact of the cycling skills training greater when delivered to a child and parent/guardian together ? What is the impact of cycle skills training on confidence, safety perceptions and skill levels in children and adults? Does cycle skills training improve attitudes towards cycling?
70 students, 2 x 5th class 1 x 2nd year Children cycling to school pre 12.7% to 40.8% Children cycling on their own to school pre 2.8% to 19.7% Children cycling with a family member pre 0% to 4.2%. Participant’s confidence levels increased. Cycling on big roads from 77.5 to 85.9% Confidence on a small road pre 36.6% to 54.9% Confidence in negotiating T-Junctions pre 38% to 57.7% Confidence on roundabouts pre 74.7% to 85.9%.
CONTROL
INTERVENTION
PRE
POST
DIFF
PRE
POST
DIFF
Own Bike
86%
86%
0
76%
87%
9%
Ever Cycle to School
43%
46%
3%
42%
69%
27%
Cycle in last 7 days
6%
5%
-1%
6%
25%
19%
QUESTION
Pre %
Post %
will you cycle in any weather
44
48
do you feel safe cycling to school
63
64
grown ups don’t want me to cycle
40
44
traffic makes me afraid of cycling
34
28
cycle lanes make me feel safer
78
75
Cycling and You ? Who
owns a bike? Pre training 81%, post 86% (8-13yrs) Does anybody cycle to work/college Pre training 43% with 6% last seven days (813yrs) Post training 58% with 15% last seven days (813yrs) Why / why not ?
Take the attitude of a student, never be too big to ask questions, never know too much to learn something new.
The important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its own reason for existing.
There is no such thing as a stupid question, only a stupid answer
