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Locks and Barriers in Checkpointing and Recovery - HAL-Inria

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May 23, 2006 - un point de reprise à tout momemnt (m ê me pendant q u 'une t â che ..... to any garbage collection algorithms that may be used in the case of ...
INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE

Locks and Barriers in Checkpointing and Recovery Ramamurthy Badrinath and Christine Morin

N˚5021 Novembre 2003

ISSN 0249-6399

ISRN INRIA/RR--5021--FR+ENG

THÈME 1

apport de recherche

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Unité de recherche INRIA Lorraine, Technopôle de Nancy-Brabois, Campus scientifique, 615 rue du Jardin Botanique, BP 101, 54600 VILLERS LÈS NANCY Unité de recherche INRIA Rennes, Irisa, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 RENNES Cedex Unité de recherche INRIA Rhône-Alpes, 655, avenue de l’Europe, 38330 MONTBONNOT ST MARTIN Unité de recherche INRIA Rocquencourt, Domaine de Voluceau, Rocquencourt, BP 105, 78153 LE CHESNAY Cedex Unité de recherche INRIA Sophia-Antipolis, 2004 route des Lucioles, BP 93, 06902 SOPHIA-ANTIPOLIS Cedex

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Éditeur INRIA, Domaine de Voluceau, Rocquencourt, BP 105, 78153 LE CHESNAY Cedex (France)

         ISSN 0249-6399

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