Mackellar Inlet

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BATHYLITHOLOGICAL aspects & ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES at the Mackellar Inlet, KGI, .... RESULTS. MDS | compendio. Sección del Fiordo. Inn. Mid. Out ...
FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS of the SPATIOTEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION of the MACROBENTHOS associated to BATHYLITHOLOGICAL aspects & ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES at the Mackellar

Inlet, KGI, Antarctica

✝ Bernabé

Moreno ✝ Cesar O. Pacherres ✝ Aldo G. Indacochea ᴥ Luis Cerpa



Laboratorio de Biología Marina | UNIVERSIDAD CIENTÍFICA DEL SUR

ᴥ Programa de Geología Marina | INSTITUTO GEOLÓGICO, MINERO Y METALÚRGICO

INTRODUCTION

Antarctic Peninsula • •

Recent Rapid Regional warming in last 50 yrs Ice shelves collapse / Glacier mass loss

King George Island •

Intensively sampled



Highly vulnerable, antarctic maritime island Mulvaney et al. 2012 | Nature

Δ Ecosystem structure/functioning Δ Biogeographic patterns and thresholds

INTRODUCTION

Functional Classification •

TAXONOMIC approach

• •

Functional groups | Genossenschaften (Root, 1967) Hutchinson (1957) x–organism in n–dimensions

• •

Predictability of faunistic composition Simplified classification scheme: reasonable taxonomic surrogacy by benthic functional groups and habitats (Barnes & Sands, 2017)

Blonder, 2014

METHODOLOGY STUDY AREA, BIOLOGICAL SAMPLING & PROCESSING A: King George Island B: Mackellar Inlet C: Antarctic Peninsula D: Antarctica

ANTAR XVII XVIII ANT AR XIX ANTAR XX ANTAR XXI ANTAR XXIII

Moreno, 2015

– – – – – –

2007 2008 2010 2012 2013 2015

METHODOLOGY STUDY AREA, BIOLOGICAL SAMPLING & PROCESSING

Van Veen grab

0.05m²

Gutt, 2007

METHODOLOGY STUDY AREA, ABIOTIC SAMPLING & PROCESSING °C ‰ Currents Speed cms-1 Direction

METHODOLOGY

STUDY AREA,

ABIOTIC SAMPLING PROCESSING

Int

Med

Mackellar Inlet

Ext

Bathymetric chart (multi-beam)

Fjord section a priori classification

Moreno, 2015

Depth (m) Sahade et al. 2015 Grange & Smith 2013

METHODOLOGY STUDY AREA, ABIOTIC SAMPLING & PROCESSING

FUNCTIONAL classification Detritus feeder Surface Herbivore Highly motile Free-living

Suspension feeder Epibenthic Omnivore Discretely motile Free-living

21311

61334 Suspension feeder Surface Herbivire Sessile Encrusting Gutt, 2007

63121

METHODOLOGY STUDY AREA, ABIOTIC SAMPLING,

PROCESSING

Poppe & Eliason (2008)

RESULTS Diversity estimation ANTAR XXI – Shallow soft-bottom macrozoobenthos Species diversity: 94 taxa Estimated diversity: 111

---

Inner

Functional diversity gradient Inner to Outer left to right margin

Outer

2013 ANTAR XXI

RESULTS % according to FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS TROPHIC functions

FEEDING MODE

60

40

Deposit f

• •

Deposit * detritus feeders turnover Filter f



Fewer EP



Omnivores, predominant

Detritus f PrSc

20

Filter f

0 2007

2008

2010

2012

2013

2015

FOOD SOURCE

80 60

%

SF

40

SS EP

20 0 2007

2008

2010

2012

2013

2015

FOOD TYPE

100 80 60

Om

40

Ca He

20 0 2007

2008

2010

2012

year

2013

2015

RESULTS % according to FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS

DISTRIBUTION functions

MOTILITY

80 60

M

40

D S

20

%

0 2007

2008

2010

2012

2013

2015

LIFE STYLE

100 80

Free living

60

Burrow dweller

40

Tubiculous 20 0 2007

2008

2010

2012

2013

2015

• •

Few sessile High motility◄► PrSc

RESULTADOS Diversidad funcional XXIII 2015

Out

E11

E10

XXI 2013

E09 XX 2012 E08 XIX 2010

Mid

Sampling sites

E07 XVIII 2008

E06

E05

XVII 2007

Inn

E04

E03

E02

E01 1.50

2.00

2.50 Functional diversity

3.00

3.50

RESULTS Functional diversity

Deposit f + Detritus f

Suspension f + Filter f

Predators + Scavengers

RESULTS Bathylithology

Folk, 1954

RESULTS Bathylithology

Folk, 1954

RESULTS Oceanography

62°04'

TEMPERATURA SUPERFICIAL (ºC)

62°04'

Península Keller

62°05'

62°06'

Ensenada Mackellar

Pta. Crepín Est. Macchu Picchu

Península Keller

62°05'

2.8 2.6 2.4

TEMPERATURA DE FONDO (ºC)

62°06'

2.2 2.0

Ensenada Mackellar

Pta. Crepín Est. Macchu Picchu

2.2 2.0

1.8

1.8

1.6

1.6

1.4

1.4

1.2

1.2

1.0

1.0 0.8 0.6

0.6

62°07' 58°30'

58°27'

2.6 2.4

0.8

BAHIA ALMIRANTAZGO

2.8

0.4 0.2 0.0

58°24.6'

62°07' 58°30'

BAHIA ALMIRANTAZGO 58°27'

0.4 0.2 0.0

58°24.6'

2007

2013

RESULTS

A) Surface

cm/s 40

 30

 B) Sampling depth

15

 5

 0

RESULTS MDS | compendio

Sección del Fiordo Inn Mid Out

CONCLUSIONS

• Diversity gradients Inn > Out • Deposit- Detritus- and Filter f Omnivores Surface Abundant Motility Free-living • Salinity, speed, depth  currents, resuspension ® 8ernabémoreno

IMMEDIATE PLANS • Water mass

ADCP + CTD + data loggers (T° & ‰)

• Sedimentation processes Sediment traps Geochemical analysis

• In situ observations

- Direct - Indirect: ROV deployments, timelapse cameras

THANK YOU

Bernabé Moreno [email protected]

APECS PERU