FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS of the SPATIOTEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION of the MACROBENTHOS associated to BATHYLITHOLOGICAL aspects & ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES at the Mackellar
Inlet, KGI, Antarctica
✝ Bernabé
Moreno ✝ Cesar O. Pacherres ✝ Aldo G. Indacochea ᴥ Luis Cerpa
✝
Laboratorio de Biología Marina | UNIVERSIDAD CIENTÍFICA DEL SUR
ᴥ Programa de Geología Marina | INSTITUTO GEOLÓGICO, MINERO Y METALÚRGICO
INTRODUCTION
Antarctic Peninsula • •
Recent Rapid Regional warming in last 50 yrs Ice shelves collapse / Glacier mass loss
King George Island •
Intensively sampled
•
Highly vulnerable, antarctic maritime island Mulvaney et al. 2012 | Nature
Δ Ecosystem structure/functioning Δ Biogeographic patterns and thresholds
INTRODUCTION
Functional Classification •
TAXONOMIC approach
• •
Functional groups | Genossenschaften (Root, 1967) Hutchinson (1957) x–organism in n–dimensions
• •
Predictability of faunistic composition Simplified classification scheme: reasonable taxonomic surrogacy by benthic functional groups and habitats (Barnes & Sands, 2017)
Blonder, 2014
METHODOLOGY STUDY AREA, BIOLOGICAL SAMPLING & PROCESSING A: King George Island B: Mackellar Inlet C: Antarctic Peninsula D: Antarctica
ANTAR XVII XVIII ANT AR XIX ANTAR XX ANTAR XXI ANTAR XXIII
Moreno, 2015
– – – – – –
2007 2008 2010 2012 2013 2015
METHODOLOGY STUDY AREA, BIOLOGICAL SAMPLING & PROCESSING
Van Veen grab
0.05m²
Gutt, 2007
METHODOLOGY STUDY AREA, ABIOTIC SAMPLING & PROCESSING °C ‰ Currents Speed cms-1 Direction
METHODOLOGY
STUDY AREA,
ABIOTIC SAMPLING PROCESSING
Int
Med
Mackellar Inlet
Ext
Bathymetric chart (multi-beam)
Fjord section a priori classification
Moreno, 2015
Depth (m) Sahade et al. 2015 Grange & Smith 2013
METHODOLOGY STUDY AREA, ABIOTIC SAMPLING & PROCESSING
FUNCTIONAL classification Detritus feeder Surface Herbivore Highly motile Free-living
Suspension feeder Epibenthic Omnivore Discretely motile Free-living
21311
61334 Suspension feeder Surface Herbivire Sessile Encrusting Gutt, 2007
63121
METHODOLOGY STUDY AREA, ABIOTIC SAMPLING,
PROCESSING
Poppe & Eliason (2008)
RESULTS Diversity estimation ANTAR XXI – Shallow soft-bottom macrozoobenthos Species diversity: 94 taxa Estimated diversity: 111
---
Inner
Functional diversity gradient Inner to Outer left to right margin
Outer
2013 ANTAR XXI
RESULTS % according to FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS TROPHIC functions
FEEDING MODE
60
40
Deposit f
• •
Deposit * detritus feeders turnover Filter f
•
Fewer EP
•
Omnivores, predominant
Detritus f PrSc
20
Filter f
0 2007
2008
2010
2012
2013
2015
FOOD SOURCE
80 60
%
SF
40
SS EP
20 0 2007
2008
2010
2012
2013
2015
FOOD TYPE
100 80 60
Om
40
Ca He
20 0 2007
2008
2010
2012
year
2013
2015
RESULTS % according to FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS
DISTRIBUTION functions
MOTILITY
80 60
M
40
D S
20
%
0 2007
2008
2010
2012
2013
2015
LIFE STYLE
100 80
Free living
60
Burrow dweller
40
Tubiculous 20 0 2007
2008
2010
2012
2013
2015
• •
Few sessile High motility◄► PrSc
RESULTADOS Diversidad funcional XXIII 2015
Out
E11
E10
XXI 2013
E09 XX 2012 E08 XIX 2010
Mid
Sampling sites
E07 XVIII 2008
E06
E05
XVII 2007
Inn
E04
E03
E02
E01 1.50
2.00
2.50 Functional diversity
3.00
3.50
RESULTS Functional diversity
Deposit f + Detritus f
Suspension f + Filter f
Predators + Scavengers
RESULTS Bathylithology
Folk, 1954
RESULTS Bathylithology
Folk, 1954
RESULTS Oceanography
62°04'
TEMPERATURA SUPERFICIAL (ºC)
62°04'
Península Keller
62°05'
62°06'
Ensenada Mackellar
Pta. Crepín Est. Macchu Picchu
Península Keller
62°05'
2.8 2.6 2.4
TEMPERATURA DE FONDO (ºC)
62°06'
2.2 2.0
Ensenada Mackellar
Pta. Crepín Est. Macchu Picchu
2.2 2.0
1.8
1.8
1.6
1.6
1.4
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.0
1.0 0.8 0.6
0.6
62°07' 58°30'
58°27'
2.6 2.4
0.8
BAHIA ALMIRANTAZGO
2.8
0.4 0.2 0.0
58°24.6'
62°07' 58°30'
BAHIA ALMIRANTAZGO 58°27'
0.4 0.2 0.0
58°24.6'
2007
2013
RESULTS
A) Surface
cm/s 40
30
B) Sampling depth
15
5
0
RESULTS MDS | compendio
Sección del Fiordo Inn Mid Out
CONCLUSIONS
• Diversity gradients Inn > Out • Deposit- Detritus- and Filter f Omnivores Surface Abundant Motility Free-living • Salinity, speed, depth currents, resuspension ® 8ernabémoreno
IMMEDIATE PLANS • Water mass
ADCP + CTD + data loggers (T° & ‰)
• Sedimentation processes Sediment traps Geochemical analysis
• In situ observations
- Direct - Indirect: ROV deployments, timelapse cameras
THANK YOU
Bernabé Moreno
[email protected]
APECS PERU
