Mapping children’s geographies in the urban environment using a map-based questionnaire Frederico Lopes & Carlos Neto Laboratório de Comportamento Motor Faculdade de Motricidade Humana Universidade de Lisboa PORTUGAL
Motor Behavior Laboratory Faculty of Human Kinetics University of Lisbon
Child in the City 2014, Odense
Inspiration
softGIS Methodology (Aalto University-2005)
‘soft’ subjective data
+
‘hard’ objective GIS data
human experiences and everyday behavior in the physical environment
MARKETTA KYTTÄ
softGIS Children Kyttä et al. 2012 Revealing children’s environmental experiences, active behavioral patterns, meaningful places and perceived health in the urban environment Child in the City 2014, Odense
Ongoing PhD study
Children’s Independent Mobility
SoftGIS Children (maptionnaire) Ideal City: a game of graphic imagination!
Physical environment (taxonomy)
Multidimensional affordances Likeability of place Mobility
child-place interaction daily & ideally Children’s perspective
“City’s environmental interactive richness” Child in the City 2014, Odense
Data collection instrument
Ideal City: a game of graphic imagination! • digital language (children’s cultures) • computer game like usability
• relevant content for children’s lives • “ideal” mobility and “ideal” play and leisure agency • capture children’s suggestions Child-friendly methodology Child in the City 2014, Odense
Data collection instrument
• age, gender, bicycle and car ownership and house type • home-school and other trajectories • environmental fears • meaningful interactions/ place/affordances • place likeability • travel type and accompaniment to places • play and leisure (child lead or adult lead)
daily& ideally
Child in the City 2014, Odense
Meaningful interactions and places MULTIDIMENSIONAL AFFORDANCES (CHILD-CITY PLACES) SOCIAL
PLAY
LEISURE
EMOTIONAL
alone conflicts be myself be with friends …
skating cycling jumping building things …
cinema library play computer concerts …
boring quiet safe fun …
“place-mark” on map Child in the City 2014, Odense
Marking affordances (daily and ideally)
PLACE LIKEABILITY: pleasant, unpleasant , or both
MOBILITY: on my own/with adults/with friends on foot/by car/by bus/by other
PLAY and LEISURE: free (do as I like) organized ( by adults/organizations) Child in the City 2014, Odense
Data collection West Lisbon (city) Beta version of SoftGIS (21) Data collection (50 +/-) Coastal Area of Lisbon (Oeiras) SoftGIS Validation (5) Data collection (50 +/-) East Lisbon (city) Next data collection (120+/-) Participants: 6th to 9th grade (11-15 years old) Child in the City 2014, Odense
Case study results
OEIRAS (urban)
Girl 13 years old Middle class
Lives in a flat Owns a bicycle Family owns a car Child in the City 2014, Odense
Case study results: meaningful places in the real city activities centre (leisure)
other trajectory
school
home-school trajectory
home
shopping (leisure)
cinema (leisure)
be with friends (social)
home
Child in the City 2014, Odense
Case study results: meaningful places in the real city
home
library (leisure)
be myself (social)
be in peace and quiet (social) play with sand/earth (play)
Child in the City 2014, Odense
Case study results: meaningful places in the real city
home swimming (play) polluted (emotional)
skating (play) swinging (play)
hide and catch (play)
Child in the City 2014, Odense
Case study results: meaningful places in the real city
home
play ball (play) climbing (play)
fun (emotional) good place to be (emotional)
museums/ exhibitions (emotional)
Child in the City 2014, Odense
Case study results: meaningful social places in the real city Social Affordances
Place Type of Accompaniment likeability travel
Be in peace and quiet
pleasant
Be myself
pleasant
on foot alone by car other children adults on foot adults
Be with friends
pleasant
on foot other children
Territory typology
Territorial range (km)
residential area
0
riverside area 0,9 (special use- beach) green urban area
1,6
Active mode of travel and autonomy Distinct geographies distinct affordances (same type) Child in the City 2014, Odense
Case study results: meaningful emotional places in the real city Emotional Affordances good place to be pollluted
fun
Place likeability pleasant
Type of travel by car
pleasant on foot unpleasant pleasant by car
Accompaniment
Territory typology
adults
special use of 10,6 equipment area riverside area 0,2 (special use- beach) special use of equipment area 4,2 (urban park)
adults
Territorial range (km)
Non-active mode of travel and lack of autonomy Distinct geographies distinct affordances
Child in the City 2014, Odense
Case study results: meaningful play places in the real city Play affordances
Place likeability
Type of travel
Accompaniment Play agency
hide and catch play ball
pleasant
on foot
other children
child-led
pleasant
by car
child-led
swinging
pleasant
on foot
other children adults other children
skating
pleasant
on foot by bicycle other (active) on foot by bicycle
other children adults
child-led
other children adults
child-led
other children adults other children adults
child-led
play with sand/earth
pleasant
climbing
pleasant
by car
swimming
pleasant
on foot
Active mode of travel, autonomy Child-agency Same geographies distinct affordances)
child-led
child-led
Territory typology
Territorial range (km)
green urban area
0,2
green urban area
4,3
green urban area
0,2
riverside area (special use- promenade)
3,2
riverside area (special use- beach)
0,9
green urban area riverside area (special use- beach)
4,3 0,2
Child in the City 2014, Odense
Case study results: meaningful leisure places in the real city Leisure affordances
Place Type of likeability travel
Accompaniment
Leisure agency
Leisure centre shopping
pleasant
on foot
adult-lead
pleasant
by car
other children adults other children adults other children adults
child-lead
cinema
pleasant
by car
child-lead
library
pleasant
by car
adults
child-lead
museums and exhibitions
pleasant
by car
adults
child-lead
Territory typology
Territorial range (km)
school
0,7
economic activities area
1,8
economic activities area
1,9
central area
1,4
special use of equipment area
10,7
Non-active mode of travel and lack of autonomy Child-agency Distinct geographies distinct affordances
Child in the City 2014, Odense
Case study results: main findings In the real city…
Home-school itinerary goes to school by car returns home on foot goes to school in the company of adults and children returns home in the company of children adult fear on the home-school journey
Child in the City 2014, Odense
Case study results: main findings In the real city… 19 meaningful places (including the home location): 3 S.A. ; 7 P.A. ; 5 L.A. ; 3 E.A. 13 affordances actualized (2km territorial range ) maximum nº of affordances (play and leisure types) autonomy and active travel modes to most social and play places likeability of places: pleasant, except for one case “being in peace and quiet” is actualized in the home place play affordances (green area and beach) child-led play except at the leisure centre place
Child in the City 2014, Odense
Case study results: main findings In the ideal city… school-home journey (on foot and with other children) “being in peace and quiet” and “be myself (bicycle) “be myself” (accompanied by other children ) “climbing” (car and bicycle) “cinema” (on foot and just with other children) “fun” (with other children)
“polluted “(with other children and with adults) “polluted” (pleasant). child-led play and leisure agency Child in the City 2014, Odense
Case study results: main conclusions Real city: high level of autonomy, active mobility and ludic interactive richness
Ideal city: more autonomy and use the bicycle more often.
Brendan Esposito (SMH, 2007)
Frederico Lopes, Genebra, 2013
Distinct urban geographies are relevant for the actualization of different affordances from the same type of interaction.
Some urban geographies afford the actualization of different category of affordances, namely, “green urban area” and “riverside area (special use-beach)”. Child in the City 2014, Odense
We claim and propose… Urban physical settings are simultaneously prone to diversity of affordances within the same category and to affordances of different categories. Urban geographies have different layers of interaction that allow the actualization of multidimensional affordances.
Physical environment SoftGIS methodology Mobility “City’s environmental interactive richness” model
Multidimensional affordances
Likeability of place
Tools to assess the city’s childfriendliness Child in the City 2014, Odense
Moreover…
SoftGIS Methodology
“City’s environmental interactive richness” model Dima Vazinovich , 2011
Urban planning of city
Public participation of children
Public policies for children Play Mobility Physical activity Health Public space
Art. 12 CRC Art. 31 CRC Child in the City 2014, Odense
THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
[email protected] Acknowledgements Carlos Neto Rosa Madeira Rita Cordovil Raquel Saraiva Marketä Kyttä Kristoffer Snabb Eddie Hausner, 1967
Child in the City 2014, Odense
