or deviates from standard practices for Marathi localization. Style Guide ... Always
check for approved translation in the Microsoft terminology database.
Marathi Style Guide
Contents What's New? .................................................................................................................................... 4 New Topics ................................................................................................................................... 4 Updated Topics ............................................................................................................................ 4 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 5 About This Style Guide ................................................................................................................ 5 Scope of This Document .............................................................................................................. 5 Style Guide Conventions .............................................................................................................. 5 Sample Text ................................................................................................................................. 6 Recommended Reference Material ............................................................................................. 7 Normative References .............................................................................................................. 7 Informative References ............................................................................................................. 7 Language Specific Conventions ...................................................................................................... 9 Country/Region Standards ........................................................................................................... 9 Characters ................................................................................................................................ 9 Date ........................................................................................................................................ 10 Time ........................................................................................................................................ 12 Numbers ................................................................................................................................. 14 Sorting ..................................................................................................................................... 19 Geopolitical Concerns ................................................................................................................ 25 Grammar, Syntax & Orthographic Conventions ......................................................................... 25 Adjectives ................................................................................................................................ 26 Articles .................................................................................................................................... 26 Capitalization .......................................................................................................................... 28 Compounds............................................................................................................................. 28 Gender .................................................................................................................................... 29 Genitive ................................................................................................................................... 29 Modifies ................................................................................................................................... 30 Nouns ...................................................................................................................................... 30 Prepositions ............................................................................................................................ 32 Pronouns ................................................................................................................................. 32 Punctuation ............................................................................................................................. 32 Singular & Plural ..................................................................................................................... 35 Split Infinitive ........................................................................................................................... 36 Subjunctive ............................................................................................................................. 36 Symbols & Non-Breaking Spaces........................................................................................... 36 Syntax ..................................................................................................................................... 36 Verbs ....................................................................................................................................... 37
Word Order ............................................................................................................................. 38 Style and Tone Considerations .................................................................................................. 38 Audience ................................................................................................................................. 38 Style ........................................................................................................................................ 38 Tone ........................................................................................................................................ 38 Voice ....................................................................................................................................... 39 Localization Guidelines .................................................................................................................. 40 General Considerations ............................................................................................................. 40 Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................... 40 Accessibility ............................................................................................................................ 43 Acronyms ................................................................................................................................ 43 Applications, Products, and Features ..................................................................................... 45 Frequent Errors ....................................................................................................................... 45 Glossaries ............................................................................................................................... 46 Fictitious Information ............................................................................................................... 46 Recurring Patterns .................................................................................................................. 46 Standardized Translations ...................................................................................................... 46 Unlocalized Items.................................................................................................................... 46 Using the Word Microsoft ....................................................................................................... 57 Software Considerations ............................................................................................................ 57 User Interface ......................................................................................................................... 57 Messages ................................................................................................................................ 67 Keys ........................................................................................................................................ 72 Document Translation Considerations ....................................................................................... 81 Titles ....................................................................................................................................... 81 Copyright ................................................................................................................................. 82
What's New? Last Updated: February 2011
New Topics The following topics were added:
n/a
Updated Topics The following topics were updated:
n/a
4
Introduction This Style Guide went through major revision in February 2011 in order to remove outdated and unnecessary content. It contains information pertaining to all Microsoft products and services.
About This Style Guide The purpose of this Style Guide is to provide everybody involved in the localization of Marathi Microsoft products with Microsoft-specific linguistic guidelines and standard conventions that differ from or are more prescriptive than those found in language reference materials. These conventions have been adopted after considering context based on various needs, but above all, they are easy to follow and applicable for all types of software to be localized. The Style Guide covers the areas of formatting, grammatical conventions, as well as stylistic criteria. It also presents the reader with a general idea of the reasoning behind the conventions. The present Style Guide is a revision of our previous Style Guide version with the intention of making it more standardized, more structured, and easier to use as a reference. The guidelines and conventions presented in this Style Guide are intended to help you localize Microsoft products and materials. We welcome your feedback, questions and concerns regarding the Style Guide. You can send us your feedback via the Microsoft Language Portal feedback page.
Scope of This Document This Style Guide is intended for the localization professional working on Microsoft products. It is not intended to be a comprehensive coverage of all localization practices, but to highlight areas where Microsoft has preference or deviates from standard practices for Marathi localization.
Style Guide Conventions In this document, a plus sign (+) before a translation example means that this is the recommended correct translation. A minus sign (-) is used for incorrect translation examples. In Microsoft localization context, the word term is used in a slightly untraditional sense, meaning the same as e.g. a segment in Trados. The distinguishing feature of a term here is that it is translated as one unit; it may be a traditional term (as used in terminology), a phrase, a sentence, or a paragraph. References to interface elements really only refer to translatable texts associated with those interface elements. Example translations in this document are only intended to illustrate the point in question. They are not a source of approved terminology. Always check for approved translation in the Microsoft terminology database.
5
Sample Text वलजमा ऩलाय, F-3, नामभएरा, दादाबाई योड, वलरॐ ऩारे-भफ ब॓ ई )ऩिचचभ( 36, पोन न॓ .022-6706962, •
मा॓च्मा म्शणण्मानव ब ाय, जॐलण फनलण्माऩावन ू धबणीबा॓डी झाडरोट, भर ब ा॓ची काऱजी घॐण्मावायखी अन॓त काभॐ तॐ
कयतात, अख॓ड याफण्मामळलाम तमा॓च्माकडॐ ऩमााम नवतोऩगाय अऩयब ा ..., न मभऱणाया भामॐचा ओराला, वलऴम ऩरयिथथतीत काभ कयणाय्मा शजायो फारघयकाभगाया॓च्मा व्मथा, लॐदना, द्ब खा॓ची जाणील अवणायॐ कभीच याफलन ू ऩ॑ळात कभी उरट ... ऩरय शक ...भारका॓वायखीच जयककाभ भानमवकता घॐण्माचीिथथती ऩाशामरा मभऱतॐ ळशयातीर राखो घयातभाम ., तमा॓च्मालयकर अन्माम दयू व्शाला मावाठी ना वयकाय प्रमतन कयतॐ ना वाभान्मा॓ना तमाची जाणील ! ददलव उजाडल्माऩावन ू भालऱॐ ऩमंत घयाघया॓त याफणाय्मा फारघय भफ ब॓ ईत घॐतल्माव ाढाला वभथमॐचा काभगाया॓च्मामातीर .ाशॐ त जाथत व॓ख्मा भर ब क॓ची प्राभख् ब मानॐ तमात .जातॐ भानरॐ अवल्माचॐ शजाया॓लय ७७ व॓ख्मा फारघयकाभगाया॓ची कऴ ् फारघयकाभगाया॓ना अनॐक वोडल्माव अऩलाद काशकट, अऩयब ा ऩगाय, वलकावाच्मा व॓धी ऩण ा णॐ खयब डरॐल्मा, मळषणाची ू ऩ ाफार मा वभथमा॓ना तोंड द्मालॐ रागतॐ मभऱत पामदॐ कोणतॐशक भर ब क॓ना-भर ब ा मा मारागणाालयाफाव्मा ऩरयिथथतीऩामी . अतमाचाय लाामारा च्माकाशक॓ मातीर .नाशकत, रैंगगक ळोऴण अवरॐ प्रकायशक मॐतात. बाईंदयभधीर फॐरॐरॐ कबटब॓फात काभ कयणाय्मा १५ लऴााच्मा भ॓गरानॐ लॐऱॐलय जॐलण कॐरॐ नाशक, म्शणून घयभारकीणीनॐ ततच्मा डोक्मात वलऱी घातरक.पबटरक लाचा माराअन्मा ततच्मालयकर कॐल्मालय दाखर ताणारमात मा॓नीळॐजाालभ॓गरारा जखभी . मा फारघयकाभगाया॓वाठी काभ कयणाय्मा ‗वॐव्श द गचल्रन‘ व॓थथॐनॐ जभान वयकायच्मा वाह्मानॐ वलंकऴ मोजना ाखरक ाशॐ भॎटवा भीिडमा व॓फग॓ धत व॓थथॐळी मा ठाण्मात-भफ ब॓ ई ., नॎळनर डोभॐिथटक लकावा लॐल्पॐअय ट्रथटतपे ९७७ फारघयकाभगाया॓चॐ वलेषण कॐरॐ गॐरओरयवा ॐ ., झायख॓ड, छततीवगढ, ावाभ, भध्मप्रदॐ ळ मॐथन ू फारघयकाभगाय मॐतात, अवॐ तनष्ऩन्न झारॐशोता भर ब गा एकच कॐलऱ वव्शे त मा ., उलारयत भर ब कच शोतमा, तमातीर १४ लऴांऩॐषा कभी लमाच्मा भर ब क॓ची ाकडॐलायक ३३ टक्कॐ शोती ताव ाठ ददलवातन ू भर ब क टक्कॐ ४६ माऩ॑की .शोतॐ झारॐ फ॓द मळषण भर ब क॓चॐ फशबता॓ळ तमाऩ॑की . कयतात काभ, तमाऩ॑की ५७ टक्कॐ भर ॐ ा ाठ भर ब क॓ना शजाय तॐ दकड शजाय त काभ जाथत तावा॓ऩष ब क टक्कॐ ५५ .मभऱतॐ लॐतन . कयतात, तमातीर वभ ब ायॐ ७८ टक्कॐ भर ब क॓ना १५७७ ऩॐषा कभी लॐतन मभऱत अवल्माचॐ धक्कादामक तनष्कऴा शाती रागरॐ. शक वभथमा वट ब ाली म्शणून १८ लऴांखारकर भर ब ा न काभालय भर ब क॓ना-ठॐ लणॐ, अन्मम तमा॓चा छऱ, ळोऴण शोत अवल्माव १७१८ क्रभा॓कालय व॓ऩका वाधन ू तमा॓च्मा वट ब कॐवाठी प्रमतन कयणॐ अळा गोष्टक अभरात ाणण्माची गयज अवल्माचॐ मा षॐमातीर काभ कयणायक भ॓डऱी वा॓गतात, तवॐच, याज्म वयकायनॐ ऩढ ब ाकाय घॐण्माची गयज अवल्माची भागणी कॐरक जात ाशॐ . 6
Source: भशायाष्ट्र टाइम्व ‗Maharashtra Times‘
दद . 82 .2011 योजी दऩ ब ायक 2 .30 लाजता तमाय कॐरॐ.
Recommended Reference Material Use the Marathi language and terminology as described and used in the following publications.
Normative References These normative sources must be adhered to. Any deviation from them automatically fails a string in most cases. When more than one solution is allowed in these sources, look for the recommended one in other parts of the Style Guide. 1. ऴास्त्रीय मराठी व्याकरण – मोरोकेऴळ दामऱे 2. मराठी व्याकरणाचा पन ु र्ळिचार – श्री. अर्न ुि ळाडकर 3. An Intensive Course for Marathi – डॉ. र्ळर्या चचटणणश 4. शग ु म मराठी व्याकरण ऱेखन – कैळालळ बे .रा .मो .
Informative References These sources are meant to provide supplementary information, background, comparison, etc. These references are for your information only and do not supersede the information found in this Style Guide or in the normative references. 1. मोल्शळथि – मराठी-इळग्रर्ी ऴब्दकोऴ 2. अग्ननषोरी – मराठी ऴब्दर्नाकर 3. दाते – ळाक्शळप्रदायकोऴ 4. र्ळश्ळनाथ नरळडे- कषाळतकोऴ 5. फडके – मराठी ऱेखनकोऴ 6. नळनीत ऍडव्षान्सस्त्ड डडक्ऴनरी- इळग्रर्ी-इळग्रर्ी-मराठी 7
7. एमडडक्ऴनरी इळग्रर्ी मराठी - याळची दे ऴपाळड.े के. 8. अब्दश ु –् शऱाम चाऊश - चाउश मराठी- इळग्रर्ी डडक्ऴनरी
8
Language Specific Conventions This part of the style guide contains information about standards specific to Marathi.
Country/Region Standards Characters Country/region
India
Lower-case characters
n/a
Upper-case characters
n/a
अ, ा, इ, ई, उ, ऊ, ऋ, ए, ऐ, ओ, औ, ं॓, ं् Characters in case less scripts
क, ख, ग, घ, ङ, च, छ, ज, झ, ञ, ट, ठ, ड, ढ ण, त, थ, द, ध, न, ऩ, प, फ, ब, भ, म, य, र, ल, ळ, व, ऴ, श ऱ ष, म, स
Extended Latin characters
n/a
Note on alphabetical order
Vowels followed by consonants. Consonants are arranged according to the manner and place of articulation in the following manner: gutturals, palatals, lingual, dentals, labials etc. Un aspirates are followed by aspirate sounds.
Total number of characters
50
अ = U + 0905, ा = U + 0906, इ = U + 0907, ई = U + 0908, उ = U + 0909, ऊ = U + 090A, ऋ = U + 090B, ए = U + 090F, ऐ = U + 0910, ओ = U + 0913, औ = U + 0914, ं॓ = U + 0902, ं् = U + 0903 Unicode codes
क = U + 0915, ख = U + 0916, ग = U + 0917, घ = U + 0918, ङ = U + 0919, च = U + 091A, छ = U + 091B, ज = U + 091C, झ = U + 091D, ञ = U + 091E, ट = U + 091F, ठ = U + 0920, ड = U + 0921, ढ = U + 0922, ण = U + 0923, त = U + 0924,
थ = U + 0925, द = U + 0926, ध = U + 0927, न = U + 0928, ऩ = U + 092A, प = 9
Country/region
India U + 092B, फ = U + 092C, ब = U + 092D, भ = U + 092E, म = U + 092F, य = U + 0930, र = U + 0932, ल = U + 0935, ळ = U + 0936, व = U + 0938,
ऴ=U+
0937, श = U + 0939, ऱ = U + 0933 Notes
n/a
Date Country/region
India
Calendar/Era
इवली वन )इ.व.( 2011/ळकॐ 1932 भयाठी लऴा
First Day of the Week
वोभलाय
First Week of the Year
च॑म ळद्ध ब ाठलडा
Separator
Slash ‗/‘
Default Short Date Format
d/M/yy
Example
17/3/11
Default Long Date Format d/M/yyyy Example
17/3/2011
Additional Short Date Format 1
n/a
Example
n/a
Additional Short Date Format 2
n/a
Example
n/a 10
Country/region
India
Additional Long Date Format 1
n/a
Example
n/a
Additional Long Date Format 2
n/a
Example
n/a
Leading Zero in Day Field for Short Date Format
No
Leading Zero in Month Field for Short Date Format
No
No. of digits for year for Short Day Format
2
Leading Zero in Day Field for Long Date Format
No
Leading Zero in Month Field for Long Date Format
No
Number of digits for year for Long Day Format
4
Date Format for Correspondence
d/MM/yyyy
Example
17/Mar/2011
Notes
n/a
11
Country/region
India d is for day, number of d's indicates the format (d = digits without leading zero, dd = digits with leading zero, ddd = the abbreviated day name, dddd = full day name)
Abbreviations in Format Codes
M is for month, number of M's gives number of digits. (M = digits without leading zero, MM = digits with leading zero, MMM = the abbreviated name, MMMM = full name) y is for year, number of y's gives number of digits (yy = two digits, yyyy = four digits)
Time Country/region
India
24 hour format
n/a
Standard time format
H:mm:ss
Standard time format example
12:36:21
Time separator
colon :
Time separator examples
3:24:12
Hours leading zero
n/a
Hours leading zero example
n/a
String for AM designator
n/a
String for PM designator
n/a
Notes
n/a
12
Days Country/region: India Day
Normal Form
Abbreviation
Monday
वोभलाय
वोभ
Tuesday
भ॓गऱलाय
भ॓गऱ
Wednesday
फध ब लाय
फध ब
Thursday
गत ब लाय
गत ब
Friday
ळक्र ब लाय
ळक्र ब
Saturday
ळतनलाय
ळतन
Sunday
यवललाय
यवल
First Day of Week: वोभलाय Is first letter capitalized?: n/a Notes: n/a
Months Country/region: India Month
Full Form
Abbreviated Form
Long Date Form
January
जानॐलायक
जानॐ.
20/जानॐलायक/2011
February
पॐब्रल ब ायक
पॐफ.
11/पॐब्रल ब ायक/2011
13
Month
Full Form
Abbreviated Form
Long Date Form
March
भाचा
n/a
9/भाचा/2011
April
एवप्रर
एवप्र.
4/एवप्रर/2011
May
भॐ
n/a
1/भॐ/2011
June
जून
n/a
8/जून/2011
July
जबर॑
n/a
7/जबर/॑ 2011
August
ऑगथट
ऑग.
31/ऑगथट/2011
September
वप्टें फय
वप्टॐ .
16/वप्टें फय/2011
October
ऑक्टोफय
ऑक्टो.
21/ऑक्टोफय/2011
November
नोव्शें फय
नोव्शॐ .
23/नोव्शें फय/2011
December
िडवेंफय
िडवॐ.
12/िडवेंफय/2011
Is first letter capitalized?: n/a Notes: n/a
Numbers Marathi language usually uses Latin Script numerals (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9).
14
Phone Numbers Country/ region
International Dialing Code
Area Codes Used?
Number of Digits – Area Codes
Separator
Number of Digits – Domestic
Digit Groupings – Domestic
India
+91
Yes
3; 4; 5 *
No separator used.
11**
(0##) 2#######-for metropolitan cities; (0###) 2######-for districts; (0####) 2##### for subdivisions.
Country/ region
Number of Digits – Local
Digit Groupings – Local
Number of Digits – Mobile
Digit Groupings – Mobile
Number of Digits – International
Digit Groupings – International
India
8; 7; 6; ****
2#######; ########; 2######; #######; 2#####
10
##########
13 **
+91(0##)2##### ##; +91(0##)###### ##; +91(0###)2#### ##;+91(0###)## #####; +91(0####)2### ##
Notes: *(1) 3 0+2 digits (for metropolitan cities, e.g. Delhi—011, Mumbai —022); (2) 4 0+3 digits (for other cities, e.g. Nagpur—0721, Nasik—0253); (3) 5 0+4 digits (for sub-divisions, e.g. Nanded—02462, Ratnagiri-02352) ** (1) 11 0+2 digits + 8 digits (first digit is always 2 only for BSNL network, no such specification for Tata Indicom and Reliance networks) for metropolitan cities. (2) 11 0+3 digits + 7 digits (first digit is always 2 only for BSNL network, no such specification for Tata Indicom and Reliance networks) for other cities. (3) 11 0+4 digits + 6 digits (first digit is always 2 only for BSNL network) for sub-divisions. *** (1) For metropolitan cities; (2) for other cities; (3) for sub-divisions. **** (1) 2#######; ######## (for metropolitan cities); (2) 2######; ####### (for other cities); (3) 2##### (for subdivisions). 15
Addresses Country/region: India Disclaimer: Please note that the information in this entry should under no circumstances be used in examples as fictitious information. Address Format: 1. [Title/Honorific] / First Name Last Name 2. Company Name/Office Name/ 3. Address 4. Postal code 5. Country Example Address: Shri Ravindra Vishwanath Sholapurkar MYCERA D-40, Metagalli Industrial Estate Mysore – 570 016 Dist. Mysore Karnataka India Local Postal Code Format: xxx xxx Notes: A six digits code of numbers.
Currency Country/region
India
Currency Name
Rupee
Currency Symbol Currency Symbol Position
Before the digit, for example (
5,000)
16
Positive Currency Format
5,000
Negative Sign Symbol
n/a
Negative Currency Format
-
Decimal Symbol
5,000 5,000.00
Number of Digits after Decimal
two
Digit Grouping Symbol
,
Number of Digits in Digit Grouping
3-2
Positive Currency Example
5,000.00
Negative Currency Example
- 5,000.00
ISO Currency Code
INR
Currency Subunit Name
Paisa
Currency Subunit Symbol
ps
Currency Subunit Example
99 ऩ॑वॐ
Digit Groups Country/region: India Decimal Separator: (.) Decimal Separator Description: दळा॓ळ (dashansh) ‗dot‘ The decimal separator is a symbol used to mark the boundary between the integral and the fractional parts of a decimal numeral. Decimal Separator Example: 52.11 ककाा.. ‗52.11kg‘
10.50 )ऩ॑वॐ ऩन्नाव तऩमॐ दशा( ‗ 10.50‘
Thousand Separators: (,) Thousand Separator Descriptions: The separator is a symbol used to mark the boundary between the parts of a numeral. 17
Thousand Separator Examples: 1,000.00 Notes: The separator is a symbol used to mark the boundary between the parts of a numeral .
Measurement Units Metric System Commonly Used? Yes Temperature: Celsius/Fahrenheit Category
English
Translation
Abbreviation
Linear Measure
Kilometer
ककरोभीटय
कक.भी.
Meter
भीटय
भी.
Decimeter
डॐमवभीटय
डॐ.भी.
Centimeter
वेंदटभीटय
वॐ.भी.
Millimeter
मभमरभीटय
मभ.भी.
Hectoliter
शॐ क्टोमरटय
शॐ .मर.
Liter
मरटय
मर.
Deciliter
डॐमवमरटय
डॐ. मर.
Centiliter
वेंदटमरटय
वें. मर
Milliliter
मभमरमरटय
मभ. मर.
Ton
टन
n/a
Kilogram
ककरोाॎभ
कक. ाॎ.
Pound
ऩौंड
ऩौं.
Capacity
Mass
18
Category
English Units of Measurement
English
Translation
Abbreviation
Gram
ाॎभ
ाॎ.
Decigram
डॐमवाॎभ
डॐ. ाॎ
Centigram
वेंदटाॎभ
वॐ. ाॎ.
Milligram
मभमराॎभ
मभ. ाॎ.
Inch
इ॓च
इ॓.
Feet
पबट
पब.
Mile
भ॑र
भ॑.
Gallon
गॎरन
गॎ.
Notes: "n/a"
Percentages Percentages (%) are used to express how large/small one quantity is, relative to another quantity .
Sorting Rules for sorting in Marathi: 1.In the first place the sorting order will start with vowels अ, ा, इ, ई, उ, ऊ, ए, ऐ, ओ, औ; the words starting with vowels will then be combined along with the consonants in their alphabetical order क, ख, ग, घ, ङ, च, छ, ज, झ, ञ, ट, ठ, ड, ढ, ण, त, थ, द, ध, न, ऩ, प, फ, ब, भ, म, य, Sorting rules
र, ल, ळ, ऴ, व, श, ऱ, ष, म, स, ऋ. 2. The consonants will be combined with first primary vowels and will be arranged in their alphabetical order. 3. Then the consonants will be combined with secondary symbols of the vowels. 19
4. Then the consonants will be combined with consonants according to alphabetical order i.e. cluster formation. 5. Then the consonants will be combined with the secondary symbols of the consonants. 6. The additional vowel characters like ं॓ anusvara, ं् visarga, ं् halant will follow the primary vowels in both the places where full vowel is written and even when secondary vowel symbol is written.
अ 8032, ा 8033, इ 8033, ई 8038, उ 8030, ऊ 8032, ऋ 8032, Character sorting order
ए 8032, ऐ 8083, ओ 8080, औ 8082, ं॓ 8032, ं् 8032, क 8082, ख 8082, 20
ग 8082, घ 8082, ङ 8082, च 8003, छ 8003, ज 8008, झ 8000, ञ 8002, ट 8002, ठ 8002, ड 8002, ढ 8002, ण 8002, त 8023, थ 8023, द 8028, ध 8020, न 8022, ऩ 8022, 21
प 8022, फ 8022, ब 8022, भ 8023, म 8023, य 8028, र 8022, ल 8022, ळ 8022, व 8023, ऴ 8022, श 8023 अऋणी अकड
Examples of sorted words
अकृत अक्कर अक्रवणॐ अषत
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ाखात इ॓गगत ईडतन॓फू उणा ऊत ऋद्धी एयली ऐलजी ओळाऱा औऴध अ॓श॓ अ॓क कच काभ खादाड गगयकी घीव चक ब ा छूभ॓तय 23
जॐथॐ झीज त॑नात थोडा दौया ध्मान न्माम प्रकशा फ्रानॐर ब्माद बाय म्शणजॐ मस यकाना रटक व्मलधान चलाव थलगा हृदम 24
षण सान
Geopolitical Concerns Part of the cultural adaptation of the US-product to a specific market is the resolving of geopolitical issues. While the US-product should have been designed and developed with neutrality and a global audience in mind, the localized product should respond to the particular situation that applies within the target country/region. Sensitive issues or issues that might potentially be offensive to the users in the target country/region may occur in any of the following:
Maps Flags Country/region, city and language names Art and graphics Cultural content, such as encyclopedia content and other text where historical or political references may occur
Some of these issues are relatively easy to verify and resolve: the objective should be for the localizer to always have the most current information available. Maps and other graphic representations of countries/regions and regions should be checked for accuracy and existing political restrictions. Country/region, city and language names change on a regular basis and need to be checked, even if previously approved. A thorough understanding of the culture of the target market is required for checking the appropriateness of cultural content, clip art and other visual representations of religious symbols, body and hand gestures.
Guideline As country/region and city names can change, please use the most up-to-date Marathi list for every release of your product.
Grammar, Syntax & Orthographic Conventions This section includes information on how to apply the general rules of the Marathi language to Microsoft products and documentation.
25
Adjectives The changing word which indicates and covers limitation specific information about noun is called as an adjective. In Marathi, adjectives should be handled in the following manner. Example:
षुऴार भर ब गा .Here षुऴार is adjective.
Possessive adjectives The frequent use of possessives is a feature of English language. However in Marathi, possessive adjectives are handled like षा भनष्ब म. Here षा is possessive adjective.
Articles General considerations An article is a word that combines with a noun to indicate the type of reference being made by the noun. The articles in the English language are "a", "an" and "the". But in Marathi it is not used. We should give those examples also: an apple = वपयच॓द, a book = ऩथ ब तक, the door = दयलाजा. Unlocalized Feature Names Microsoft product names and Unlocalized (non-translated) feature names are used without definite or indefinite articles in the English language. For instance, attaching a genitive ―s‖ to trademarked product names is not feasible as it could be interpreted as a modification of such names. Additions to a product or component name are either added with a hyphen or a periphrastic construction needs to be used. For example, instead of expressing a possessive relationship by using the genitive marker ―s‖ in English, a periphrastic construction should be used: Example:
(-) Microsoft‘s products
Microsoft products
Products by Microsoft
Product names and unlocalized feature names should also be treated as proper nouns in Marathi:
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English example
Marathi example
Windows Mail shares your Internet Connection settings with Internet Explorer
(+) Windows Mail ाऩल्मा इ॓टयनॐट कनॐक्ळन वॐदट॓ाज
Website addresses will be sent to Microsoft
(+) लॐफवाइटचॐ ऩततॐ Microsoft रा ऩाठलण्मात मॐतीर.
Internet Explorer वश ळॐअय कयतॐ.
Localized Feature Names By contrast, translated feature names are used with a definite or indefinite article as they are not treated as proper names. Example: English example
Marathi example
Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse
(+) वल॓डो लय भाऊव कपयलन ू ती वकक्रम कया
Select a location closest to your office
(+) ाऩल्मा कामाारमाच्मा अगदक जलऱ अवरॐरॐ थथान
मवरॐक्ट कया
Articles for English Borrowed Terms When faced with an English loan word previously used in Microsoft products, consider the following options:
Motivation: Does the English word have any formally motivated features that would allow a straightforward integration into the noun class system of Marathi language? Analogy: Is there an equivalent Marathi term whose article could be used? Frequency: Is the term used in other technical documentation? If so, what article is used most often?
The internet may be a helpful reference here. The article "the" always uses in English language, for infront of some words. But in Marathi it is not used. See example below: Example: The Homepage = भख ब ऩष्ृ ठ
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Capitalization This section does not apply to Marathi.
Compounds Generally, compounds should be understandable and clear to the user. Overly long or complex compounds should be avoided. Keep in mind that unintuitive compounds are ultimately an intelligibility and usability issue. Example: English examples
Marathi example
Internet Accounts
(+) इ॓टयनॐट खातॐ
Logon script processing
(+) मरऩी प्रकक्रमा रॉग-ऑन कया
Workgroup Administrator
(+) कामावभश ू प्रळावक
Internet News Server Name
(+) इ॓टयनॐट फातम्मा वव्शायचॐ नाल
Marathi Examples of compound (+) उच्च न्मामारम (+) व॓कॐतथथऱ (+) वशाध्मामी (+) उरथाऩारथ (+) ळॐतलाडी
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Gender There are three Genders in Marathi: Masculine, Feminine and neuter gender. Example:
मऱ ु गा )Noun which is singular and ends with आ vowel has masculine gender) मऱ ु गी )Noun which is singular and ends with ई vowel has feminine gender.) मऱ ु े )Noun which is plural and ends with ए vowel has neuter gender) In Marathi Language Pronoun also changes according to these three genders. For example:
तो मऱ ु गा mean Boy, generally तो is pronoun used for third person, applies to masculine gender which is singular. ती मऱ ु गी, mean Girl, generally ती is pronoun used for third person, applies to feminine gender which is singular. ते मऱ ू , mean Baby, generally मऱ ू is pronoun which comes when relative noun is singular and has Neuter gender. Exceptional:-In Marathi for Plural Noun ती, ते ्या pronouns are also used for third person. For example
ती मऱ ु े )ती is a pronoun which applies to plural noun with neuter gender.) ते र्ळद्याथी )ते is a pronoun which applies to plural noun with neuter gender.) मऱ ु ी )्या is a pronoun which applies to plural noun with feminine gender.)
Genitive In Marathi grammar there are different types of possessive postposition. चे, चा, ची ,च्या are the most common possessive postpositions in Marathi ,called as ‗वष्टी र्ळभक्ती‘ (Shashthi Vibhakti) 1. चे , For example, ्याचे पस्त् ु तक (Masculine), and ततचे पस्त् ु तक (Feminine), the term पस्त् ु तक is singular noun and has neuter gender in Marathi. Generally in Marathi चॐ Applies neuter gender, singular. 2. ची ,For example, ्याची पस्त् ु तके Masculine, and ततची पस्त् ु तके Feminine, ‗पस्त् ु तके‘ is a plural noun . Generally in Marathi ची applies to masculine and feminine if the relative noun is plural. 29
3. चा ,e.g.; र्ॉनचा मऱ ु गा (Masculine), and र्ेनेटचा मऱ ु गा (Feminine) ,‗मऱ ु गा‘(boy) is singular and masculine noun in Marathi . Generally in Marathi चा comes when relative noun is singular and has masculine gender. 4. ची ,e.g.; र्ॉनची मऱ ु गी (Masculine) and र्ेनेटची मऱ ु गी (Feminine), The term ‗मऱ ु गी‘ (girl) in Marathi is singular noun and has feminine gender. Generally ची comes when relative noun is singular and has feminine gender. 5. च्या ,e.g.; र्ॉनच्या मऱ ु ी (Masculine) dnaर्ेनेटच्या मऱ ु ी (Feminine), generally च्या postposition comes when the relative noun plural and feminine. Exception: postposition चे also applies to relative noun which is masculine and plural, e.g.; र्ॉनचे मऱ ु गे or र्ेनेटचे
मऱ ु गे .‗मऱ ु गे ‗stands for boys in Marathi. Convention 1 (e.g. Attaching a genitive "s" to (trademarked) product names is not feasible, as it could be interpreted as a modification of such names.) Example: Microsoft Office Word = It is protocol to write as ―Microsoft Office Word‖, not as Microsoft Office Word‘s.
Modifies This section does not apply to Marathi
Nouns General considerations Many languages differentiate between different noun classes based on features such as animacy, shape, gender, and so on. English loan words must be integrated into the noun class system of your language. When faced with an English loan word not previously used in Microsoft products. If the choice of noun class is left up to you, ensure that you provide consistent translations within the Microsoft product. Please consult with your translation team lead and team members to decide what noun class to assign.
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Example: English example
Marathi example
Delete it from server.
(+) Server लरून शटला
Enter a password to log into the server
(+) Server भध्मॐ रॉग कयण्मावाठी ऩावलडा लाऩया.
DNS cannot resolve the server IP address
(+) DNS server ाम.ऩी. ऩतता ठयलू ळकत नाशक.
Verify the name of the server‘s certificate
(+) Server प्रभाणऩमाच ्मा नालाची ऩडताऱणी कया.
Inflection The examples below show how English loanwords inflect for number in Marathi. Example: English example
Marathi example
Clients
(+) क्राम॓ाव
Websites
(+) लॐफवाइाव
Downloads
(+) डाउनरोड्व
Proxies
(+) प्रॉक्वीव ्
Plural Formation For Marathi, the words ए ,इ ,च्या should be added in plural formation Example: )+( याभची मऱ ु ,े याभच्या मऱ ु ी. 31
Prepositions Pay attention to the correct use of the preposition in translations. Influenced by the English language, many translators omit them or change the word order. US Expression
Marathi Expression
Comment
migrate to
(+) ...ऱा स्त्थऱाळतर करणे
In Marathi there is no preposition. Instead of this we use postposition.
Migrate from
(+) ...तन ू स्त्थऱाळतर करणे
Following examples are kept in noun forms.
import to
(+) ...ऱा आयात करणे
import from
(+) ...तन ू आयात करणे
export to
(+) ...ऱा तनयाित करणे
export from
(+) ...तन ू तनयाित करणे
update to
(+) ...ऱा अद्ययाळत कऱणे
Given example doesn‘t indicate postposition.
upgrade to
(+) मध्ये उन्सनतीकरण करणे.
Given translation is in verb form which doesn‘t indicate postposition.
Pronouns In Marathi, there are many words few are here; those same words pronunciation is different. Example:
चशालजन ,बजन ,जशाज ,जीब ,चभचा
Punctuation This section explains how to use Marathi-specific punctuation in place of the US-English punctuation found in the source interface and content.
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Comma
),(comma is used as a separator when several names or items are written consecutively and also short pauses. Example: )+( भी, ाम्शक, तो, तॐ Colon : (―:‖ colon) informs that what follows proves, clarifies, explains, or simply enumerates elements of what is referred. Example: )+( कृऩमा अगधक जाणून घॐण्मावाठी मॐथॐ व॓ऩका वाधाला:
Dashes and Hyphens Three different dash characters are used: Hyphen The hyphen is used to divide words between syllables, to link parts of a compound word, and to connect the parts of an inverted or imperative verb form. Example: Drop-down = रॉऩ ,डाउन-e-mail = ईभॐर-
En Dash The en dash is used as a minus sign, usually with spaces before and after. En dash A dash smaller than an em dash but usually longer than a regular hyphen, the en dash is often used in place of the word "to" such as Example: )+( 10–5 p.m. The en dash is also used in number ranges, such as those specifying page numbers. No spaces are used around the en dash in this case. Example: from page No. 1-5, )+( ऩान क्र3-2
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Em Dash The em dash should only be used to emphasize an isolated element or introduce an element that is not essential to the meaning conveyed by the sentence. This is used in writing and printing to indicate a break in thought or sentence structure, to introduce a phrase added Example: )+( तो म्शणारा की.ठयरक खयक ाज म्शण शक तवॐ जळाव Ellipses (Suspension Points) Omission from a sentence of words needed to complete the construction or meaning. The triple-dot punctuation mark is also called a suspension point, points of ellipses, Example: )+( तो अचानक ऩडरा... Period A punctuation mark (.) indicating a full stop, placed at the end of declarative sentences and other statements thought to be complete, and after many abbreviations. Example: )+( बायताचॐ ऩदशरॐ याष्ट्रऩती डॉऩ ् याजेंर .यवाद शोत.
Quotation Marks Quotation marks are used when referring to Marathi. “” used to denote either speech or a quotation. ‗‘ used to denote either speech or a quotation.
Example: )+( ाज ―गणॐळ चतथ ब ी‖ )+( ‗ळावन‘ ाऩल्मा दायक
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Parentheses There is no space between the parentheses and the text inside them. Example: (कृऩमा ाऩरॐ खातॐ वकक्रम न झाल्माव ाऩल्मा प्रळावकाळी व॓ऩका वाधाला(
Singular & Plural Singular: When a noun means one only, it is said to be singular. a. the singular number b. a singular form of a word Example: a.1,2,3 b.boy (भर ब गा), girl (भर ब गी), book (ऩथ ब तक.) Singular nouns use ―this‖
)शक ,शा(and ―that‖)ती ,तो( .
Example: This computer is not working well. )+( शा कॉम्प्मूटय
चा॓गरॐ कामा कयकत नाशक.
This system is damaged. )+( शक
प्रणारक खयाफ झारक ाशॐ .
That is running very well. )+( ती
चा॓गरक चारत ाशॐ .
Plural: When a noun means more than one, it is said to be plural. The plural of nouns is usually formed by adding - s to a singular noun. Example: boys (भर ब )ॐ ,girls (भर ब क) ,books (ऩथ ब तकॐ). Plural nouns use ―these‖ and ―those‖. These files are too heavy. )+( मा पाइल्व फाल माच भोठ्मा ाशॐ त. Those documents has been submitted today. )+( शॐ दथतऐलज ाज वफमभट कयण्मात ारॐ ाशॐ त. 35
Split Infinitive A split infinitive is an English-language grammatical construction in which a word or phrase, usually an adverb or adverbial phrase, comes between the marker to and the bare infinitive (uninflected) form of a verb. Example: To go nearby that mountain where nobody has gone before. )+( िजथॐ माऩल ू ी कोणीशक गॐरा नाशक अळा ऩलाताजलऱ
जाण्मावाठी .Here, the adverb, nearby/जलऱ splits the full infinitive " to go".
Subjunctive Expressing a condition, a possibility or a hypothesis, is a verb mood typically used in subordinate clauses to express a wish. Example:
तनणाम, भत, ालचमकता, ळक्मता
Symbols & Non-Breaking Spaces A symbol is something such as an object, picture, written word, sound, or particular mark that represents something else by association, resemblance, or convention. See some traffic signs Example: )+( था॓फा, शॉिथऩटर, ळाऱा, ऩादचायक भागा. The non-breaking space is also known as a hard space or fixed space. In HTML non-breaking space is created by replacing the space with ― ‖.
Example: )+( रोड शोत ाशॐ ... )+( ाणण ती भादशती ळोधा जी ाऩण इिच्छता.
Syntax Syntax and register differ between Marathi and English in the following ways: English: Subject Verb Object => I speak Marathi Marathi: Subject Object Verb => I Marathi speak (भी भयाठी फोरतो) 36
English: Subject Verb Preposition Object => I go to the school Marathi: Subject Object Postposition Verb => I school to go (भी ळाऱॐ त जातो)
Verbs Be consistent in how you translate verbs in error messages. If it is grammatical to omit the predicate ―be‖ in your language, you can omit it in error messages, but you should be consistent in your usage across all error messages. Be concise without changing the meaning of the source string . Example: English example
Marathi example
Explanation
The document is too large.
(+) शा दथतालॐज पाय भोठा ाशॏ .
Be consistent in your usage of the verb ―to be‖
(+) प्रलॐळ नाकायण्मात ारा.
In complete sentences, use verbs and the same tense as in the source string.
The file '%s' is an unknown graphics format.
(+) पाइर % रा असात ााकपक्वचॐ
Rephrase ―is‖ with ―have‖ if necessary to produce an appropriate translation.
The application may attempt to convert the graphic.
(+) अनप्र ब मोग ााकपक्वचॐ तऩा॓तय
Document too large. Access was denied. Access denied.
थलरूऩ ाशॐ .
कयण्माची ळक्मता ाशॐ .
may + Verb can be rephrased as Verb + possibly
Continuous operations are usually expressed in English with a gerund, which should be translated into Marathi e.g. जाणॐाशॐ जात - , मॐणॐाशॐ मॐत - , ऩाशणॐाशॐ ऩशात - . Example: To go – going, To come – coming, See – seeing.
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Word Order The primary word order of Marathi is compared to other Indo-European languages. In linguistic typology, Subject Object Verb (SOV) is the type of languages in which the subject, object, and verb of a sentence appear or usually appear in that order. Example: 1. )+( प्रणल ळाऱॐ रा जातो. 2. )+( वभृद्धी नृतम मळकतॐ.
Style and Tone Considerations This section focuses on higher-level considerations for audience, style, tone, and voice.
Audience Audience is the end user who use the product. Example: 1. Computer user 2. Electronic equipments user 3. Mobile user
Style There should be used a simple writing style, which is easy to understand by general user of products as well as a product specific user. Localizer should be used that words which is used in general for some products or hardware equipments so that general users understand it easily. Style should be respective. Example: )+( कृऩमा कॉम्प्मट ू य फ॓द कया.
Tone Tone should be formal. Please always keep in mind that target user audience and address the intended user with the appropriate tone and level of grammar & formality, as well as reading level. It should be easy to understand. Example: Cannot rename Image because a file or folder with that name already exists.
प्रततभा ऩन ब नाामभत कयणॐ ळक्म नाशक कायण तमाच नालाची पाइर कक॓ ला पोल्डय ाधीच अिथततलात ाशॐ . 38
Voice Depending upon the context / person to whom one is addressing ‗you‘ may be translated as
तबम्शक/ाऩण( Hon.) तू( intimate), तू( inferior). Use of 3rd person (honorific) i.e. ाऩण/तॐ and active voice is recommended. Example: English
Translation
You are now connected to the Internet.
)+( ाता ाऩण इ॓टयनॐटळी कनॐक्ट झारा ाशात.
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Localization Guidelines This section contains guidelines for localization into Marathi.
General Considerations Localization is more than the process of simply translating a product for a specific international market. Localization includes the adaptation of the product to the language, standards, and cultural norms of a particular country or region, as well as the accommodation of the requirements and expectations of a specific target group. Language, gestures, images, symbols, values, and norms can vary significantly from one country or region to the next.
Abbreviations The abbreviations are formed by taking the first letter of the word followed by full stop (.) They are also formed by taking the first letter or the first syllable of the word. Example: भशा. is the abbreviated form of भशायाष्ट्र. Common Abbreviations You might need to abbreviate some words in the UI (mainly buttons or options names) due to lack of space. This can be done in the following ways:
This refers to all Home, Profile, People, Mail, etc., which should be consistently translated in the localized product English Home
Marathi
Profile
)+( प्रोपाइर
People
)+( रोक
Mail
)+( भॐर
)+( शोभ
List of common abbreviations: The following table lists common Marathi expressions and their associated, acceptable abbreviations.
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Expression
Acceptable abbreviation
कक्रमा वलळॐऴण
कक्र. वल.
भशायाष्ट्र
भशा.
उदाशयणाथा
उदा.
इतमादक
इ.
रूऩमॐ
रू.
क्रभा॓क
क्र.
बत ू काऱ
ब.ू का.
द॑ तनक
द॑ .
ददना॓क
दद.
प्राध्माऩक
प्रा.
Additional guidelines:
Use a non-breaking space (CTRL+SHIFT+SPACEBAR) in any abbreviation.
If non-breaking spaces cannot be used (in Help files, for example) it is also acceptable to write these abbreviations without a space to avoid having one letter move to the beginning of the next line.
Dictionary usage
ळ अव्मम ळब्दमोगी अव्म. „post position‟ ना .
नाभ
वल .
वलळॐऴण
„noun‟ „adjective‟ 41
कक्र .वल . वलळॐऴण कक्रमा वला .
वलानाभ
„adverb‟
„pronoun‟
ऩब . ऩबिल्र॓गी „masculine‟ थमी थमीमर॓गी .
„feminine‟
भशा भशायाष्ट्र .
„Maharashtra‟
इ॓ इ॓ाजी .
„English‟
Geographical / Directional
उ.
उततय„north‟
द.
दिषण„south‟
भब॓ भब॓फई .„Mumbai‟ Administrative / Commercial
भब॓.ऩो.
ऩोमरव भब॓फई „Mumbai Police‟
क॓.
क॓ऩनी
प्रा.मर.
मरमभटॐ ड प्रामव्शॐ ट„Private Limited‟
„company‟
ऩृ ऩृष्ठ . „page‟ ता.क.
करभ ताजा „nota bene‟
Matrimonial usage
डॉ. इ॓िज.
डॉक्टय„Doctor‟ इ॓िजतनअय„engineer‟
Measurements
वॐ वॐिल्वअव .„Celsius‟ 42
कक ककरोभीटय .भी.„kilometer‟ वॐ वेंदटभीटय .भी.„centimeter‟ कक ककरोाॎभ .ाॎ .„kilogram‟ ाॎ ाॎभ .„gram‟
Accessibility Microsoft provides people with disabilities (single-handed or with hearing or motion disabilities) with more accessible products and services. These may not be available in Marathi. Please check with your Microsoft contact and remove these references from Marathi text if necessary.
Acronyms Acronyms are words made up of the initial letters of major parts of a compound term. Some well-known examples are WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get), OLE (Object Linking and Embedding), or RAM (Random Access Memory). Acronyms are formed by taking the first letter of each word.
Localized Acronyms The acronyms listed below are originally English acronyms which are used very frequently in Marathi in the manner listed below. Example: List of common acronyms: (+) मवटू वेंटय पॉय ट्रॐ ड मबतनमन (+) उल्पा मबनामटॐ ड मरफयॐ ळन फ्र॓ट ऑप ावाभ
‗CITU‘ ‗ULFA‘
(+) टाडा टॐ यरयथट & िडवयिप्टल ऍिक्टिव्शदटज वप्रव्शॐ न्ळन एक्ट
‗TADA‘
(+) ऩोटा वप्रव्शॐ न्ळन ऑप टॐ यरयथट ऍिक्टिव्शदटज
‗POTA‘
(+) ऩोटो वप्रव्शॐ न्ळन ऑप टॐ यरयझभ ऑिडानन्व
‗POTO‘
43
(+) वाका वाउथ एमळमन अवोमवएळन पॉय रयजनर को ऑऩयॐ ळन-
‗SAARC‘
(+) मबनॐथको मबनामटॐ ड नॐळन्व एज्मबकॐळनर वाए॓दटपीक & कल्चयर ऑगानामझॐळन ‗UNESCO‘ (+) मबतनवॐप मबनामटॐ ड नॐळन्व इ॓टयनॎळनर गचल्रॐन्व इभजान्वी प॓ड
‗UNICEF‘
(+) शू
‗WHO‘
लल्डा शॐ ल्थ ऑगानामझॐळन
Examples of Marathi Acronyms:
(+)अ॓तनव
अ॓धश्रद्धा तनभूर ा न वमभती
‗ANS‘
(+)बावलव॓
बायतीम वलद्माथी व॓घटना
‗SFI‘
(+)अबावलऩ
अणखर बायतीम वलद्माथी ऩरयऴद
‗ABVP‘
(+)मळदा
मळल॓तयाल चव्शाण अकॐडॐभी ऑप डॐव्शरऩभें ट
‗YASHDA‘
(+)भनऩा
भशा नगयऩामरका
‗CORP.‘
(+)ऩीएभटक
ऩबणॐ म्मबिन्वऩर ट्रान्थऩोटे ळन
‗PMT‘
(+)भनवॐ
भशायाष्ट्र नलतनभााण वॐना
‗MNS‘
(+)ायएवएव
याष्ट्रकम वॐला व॓घ
‗RSS‘
(+)फवऩ
‗BSP‘
(+)ायवीऩी
फशबजन वभाजलादक ऩष
याष्ट्रलादक का॒ाॐव ऩष
‗RCP‘
Unlocalized Acronyms Many acronyms are standardized and remain untranslated. They are only followed by their full spelling in English if the acronym needs to be explained to the speakers of a different language. In other cases, where the acronym is rather common, adding the fully spelled-out form will only confuse users. In these cases, the acronym can be used on its own.
The following list contains examples of acronyms that are considered commonly understood; these acronyms should not be localized or spelled out in full in English:
ANSI (American National Standards Institute)
ISO (International Standards Organization)
ISDN 44
DOS
DSL
CD
DVD
Caution: Do not include a generic term after an acronym or abbreviation if one of the letters in the acronym stands for that term. Even though this might occur in the US-English version, it should be ―corrected‖ in the localized version. The following examples show the redundancy in red for English terms.
(-) RPC call
(-) HTML language
(-) TCP/IP-Protocol
(-) PIN Number
Marathi Examples:
(+) बाजऩ ऩष ‗BJP Party‘
(+) एवजीझॐड झोन ‗SGZ Zone‘
(+) भगोऩ ऩष
„MGP Party‟
Applications, Products, and Features Application/product names are often trademarked or may be trademarked in the future and are therefore rarely translated. Occasionally, feature names are trademarked, too (e.g. IntelliSense™). Before translating any application, product, or feature name, please verify that it is in fact translatable and not protected in any way. Applications: Microsoft Word 2007, Microsoft Exel 2003, Power Point 2007 etc. Products: Windows 7, Windows xp, Windows 98 etc. Features: Windows 7 Features: Performance improvements, More personal, Full 64-bit support, Windows Taskbar, Windows Search etc.
Frequent Errors Product names should not be localized.
45
Example: (+)The Microsoft Feedback Tool is unable to send feedback. Microsoft पीडफॎक वाधन पीडफॎक
ऩाठवलण्मात अषभ ाशॐ .
Glossaries You can find the translations of terms and UI elements of Microsoft products at Microsoft Language Portal (http://www.microsoft.com/Language/en-US/Default.aspx).
Fictitious Information Fictitious content is legally sensitive material and as such cannot be handled as a pure terminology or localization issue. Below is some basic information and contact points when dealing with fictitious content: Vendors and Localizers are not allowed to create their own fictitious names. You must either use the source names or use the list of legally approved names. Please contact your product team representative for further information on how to deal with fictitious companies, names, addresses, email addresses, phone numbers, etc. in your product. For technical products, you may also check with the product team representative whether localized fictitious content is required or not (e.g. Visual Studio).
Recurring Patterns This section does not apply to Marathi.
Standardized Translations There are a number of standardized translations mentioned in all sections of this Style Guide. In order to find them more easily, the most relevant topics and sections are compiled here for your reference.
Compounds Genitive
Unlocalized Items Trademarked names and the name Microsoft Corporation shouldn‘t be localized. A list of Microsoft trademarks is available for your reference at the following location: http://www.microsoft.com/trademarks/t-mark/names.htm.
46
Words
Comments
.Net logo Access
database software
Active Accessibility
programming interfaces tools
Active Desktop
interface item
Active Directory
directory service
ActiveMovie
application programming interface
ActiveStore
retail technology architecture
ActiveSync
Technology
ActiveX
technologies, platform, controls, scripting, server framework
Advisor FYI
personalized financial guidance
Aero
desktop experience
Age of Empires
video game
Age of Mythology
video game
Amalga
software for healthcare
Ask for Genuine Microsoft Software computer software Authenticode
Technology
AutoRoute
road atlas
AutoRoute Express
road atlas
AutoRoute Plus
professional road atlas
Azurik
video game
Bankshot Billiards
video game
BattleTech
game universe
BitLocker
drive encryption
Bizspark
Technology
BizTalk
Server
Blinx
video game
Blood Wake
video game
Blue Dragon
video game
Bookdings
Font
Brute Force
video game
BugLight
IT pro technology
Calibri
Font 47
Cambria
Font
Candara
Font
Carbonated Games
video games
Cariadings
Font
ClearType
display technology
Consolas
Font
Constantia
font
Convection
font
Convergence
Conference
Corbel
Font
Cortana
action figure
Crackdown
video game
Crimson Skies
video game
DataTips
pop-up information
DaunPenh
Font
Dexterity
Software
Digital Anvil
video games
Direct3D
application programming interface
DirectAnimation
application programming interface
DirectBand
wireless technology
DirectDraw
application programming interface
DirectInput
application programming interface
DirectMusic
application programming interface
DirectPlay
application programming interface
DirectShow
application programming interface
DirectSound
application programming interface
DirectX
application programming interface
DreamSpark
Technology
DreamScene
visualization technology
Drivatar
AI technology
Encarta
multimedia encyclopedia/online encyclopedia
Encarta logo (graphic only) Ensemble Studios
Games
Entourage
e-mail and personal information 48
manager ESP
visual simulation platform
Excel
spreadsheet software
Exhibition
demo disc
Expression
design software
Expression Blend
design software
FASA Studio
video games
Finty Flush
video game
FlexGo
prepaid and subscription technology
Fluent
user interface
Forefront
client security
Forza Motorsport
video game
Fox head logo Freelancer
video game
Fringer
video game
FRx
Software
Fuzion Frenzy
video game
GameSpring
subscription service
Game with Fame
Event
Genuine Advantage Logo Georgia
Font
Gisha
Font
Great Plains
Software
Groove
Software
Habu
gaming mouse
Halo
video game
Halo logo Halo Wars
video game
Halo 2 logo HDCD
audio enhancement technology
HDCD logo HealthVault
healthcare website technology
HealthVault logo 49
Hexic
video game
High Road to Revenge
video game
Hotmail
web-based e-mail service
HotStart
Technology
Hyper-V
Technology
Imagine Cup logo Infinite Undiscovery
video game
InfoPath
information-gathering program
Inkseine
computer search engine software
IntelliMirror
management technologies
IntelliMorph
Software
IntelliMouse
pointing device
IntelliSense
Technology
IntelliShrink
text compression system
Internet Explorer
internet browser
Iskoola Pota
Font
It‘s Mr. Pants
video game
Jawbreaker
video game
JScript
development software
Kung Fu Chaos
video game
Laser Technology logo LifeChat
Headset
LineDrive
mapping feature
Lionhead
video game
Lionhead logo Lips
video game
Live Mesh logo Lost Odyssey
video game
MapPoint
business mapping software
Marine Mania
video game
Master Chief
action figure
Maximum Chase
video game
MechAssault
video game
MechCommander
video game 50
MechWarrior
video game
Mediaroom
multimedia software platform
Mediaroom logo MedVault
computer software for medical database/storage
Microsoft
Software
Microsoft Auto logo Microsoft Digital by Choice logo Microsoft Dynamics
business software
Microsoft Dynamics logo Microsoft eMbedded Visual Tools logo Microsoft Game Studios logo Microsoft Internet Explorer logo (graphic only) Microsoft .NET Connected logo Microsoft Points logo Microsoft Press
Books
Microsoft Surface
software and touch computing platform
Microsoft Surface logo Midtown Madness
video game
Monster Truck Madness
video game
MorphX
Software
Motocross Madness
video game
Mozaki
video game
MS
computer software
MS-DOS
operating system
MSDN
developer program
MSN
network of Internet services
MSN logo (butterfly) MultiPoint
Technology
Natural
keyboard mouse
Navision
Software 51
NavReady
Software
Nina
Font
Ninety-Nine Nights
video game
Office logo (puzzle design) Office logo OneCare
computer protection and maintenance software and services
OneCare logo OneNote
note-taking program
OpenType
font technology
Optical Technology logo OptiMatch
game matchmaking system
Outlook
messaging and collaboration client
Outlook Launch Icon (2007) OutSmart
online game
Passport logo People Ready
business software
Perfect Dark Zero
video game
PerformancePoint
business intelligence software
PGR
video game
Phantom Dust
video game
Photosynth
Technology
Photosynth logo PinPoint
online business marketplace
PivotChart
dynamic views
PivotTable
dynamic views
PlayFX
suite of audio enhancement technologies
PlayReady
content access technology
PlaysForSure logo
interoperability and compatibility logo
Popfly
Technology
PowerPoint
presentation graphics program
PowerPointLaunch Icon (2007) 52
ProClarity
business analysis software
Project Gotham Racing
video game
Quantum Redshift
video game
Rally
device connectivity service
Rare
video game
Rare logo Reader logo ReadyBoost
Technology
ReadyDrive
Technology
Reclusa
gaming keyboard
Response Point
phone system software
Response Point logo Rise of Legends
video game
Rise of Nations
video game
Rise of Perathia
video game
RoundTable
communications and archival system
RP Stylized
computer hardware/software for voice over IP services
Sabre Wulf
video game
SeaDragon
Technology
Security Shield logo Segoe
Font
Shadowrun
video game
SharePoint
team services portal server services
ShapeSheet
shape extensibility
SideGuide
wi-fi access service
SideShow
Technology
SideShow logo SideWinder
joystick game pad computer mice keyboard 53
SideWinder logo Silverlight
browser plug-in browser plug-in development tool
Silverlight logo SkyDrive
storage technology
SmartArt
Graphics
Smarter Hospitality
technology architecture
Smarter Retailing
retail technology architecture
SmartShapes
Symbols
Sneakers
video game
SoftGrid
Technology
Softricity
Technology
Software Jukebox logo Songsmith
Software
Spaces logo Spaces for our World
social causes program
SportsLounge
streaming technology
Starlancer
video game
Starts Here
multimedia training series
SteadyState
technology for multiple computers
Sudeki
video game
SuperFetch
memory management technology
SQL Server
database software
Tahoma
Font
Tao Feng
video game
Terminal Services RemoteApp
network software
The Age of Kings
video game
The Code Room
entertainment services
The Hive and Design The Time Sweeper
video game
TrueSkill
matchmaking ranking
Turn 10
video games
Ultimate Play the Game logo Verdana
Font 54
Virtual Earth
mapping software
Visio
drawing and diagramming software
Visual Basic
development system
Visual C++
development system
Visual C#
development tool
Visual FoxPro
database development system
Visual InterDev
web development system
Visual J++
development system, development system for the Java language
Visual J#
development tool
Visual SourceSafe
version control system, version control software
Visual Studio
development system
Visual Studio logo (graphic only) Viva Piñata
video game
Voodoo Vince
video game
Webdings
Font
Whacked!
video game
Win32
application programming interface
Windows
operating system
Windows Calendar icon Windows Cardspace
identity selector
Windows Contacts icon Windows DVD Maker icon Windows Flare logo Windows Game icon Windows Live
network of internet services
Windows Live Call Button logo Windows Live Messenger icon (single) Windows Live Messenger icon (double) Windows Live OneCare logo Windows logo (aka the flag logo, graphic only) 55
Windows logo (the 2002 edition) Windows Mail icon Windows Marketplace icon Windows Media
technologies, player
Windows Media Player Icon Windows Meeting Space Icon Windows Mobile
Software
Windows Movie Maker Icon Windows NT
operating system
Windows Photo Gallery Icon Windows PowerShell
command line interface
Windows Server
operating system
Windows Server System
integrated server software
Windows Sidebar Icon Windows start button Windows Start logo (design) Windows Update Icon Windows Vista
operating system
WinFX
application programming interface
Wingdings
Font
Word Launch Icon (2007) WMV/HD logo Xbox
video game system
Xbox 360
video game and entertainment system
Xbox Authentic Product logo Xbox LIVE
online game service
Xbox LIVE logo Xbox "Ring of Light" logo Xbox "Sphere" logo Xbox "X" logo XL design (aka the "Microsoft Excel logo") XNA
development platform
XNA logo 56
xRank
search feature
Your Potential. Our Passion. Zoo Tycoon
video game
Zune
digital media player
Zune logo
Using the Word Microsoft In English, it is prohibited to use MS as an abbreviation for Microsoft. In Marathi, ‗Microsoft‘ written as ―Microsoft‖, we do not localize of transliterated this. Example: (+) The Microsoft Feedback Tool is unable to send feedback. (+) Microsoft पीडफॎक वाधन पीडफॎक ऩाठवलण्मात अषभ ाशॐ.
Software Considerations This section refers to all menus, menu items, commands, buttons, check boxes, etc., which should be consistently translated in the localized product. Refer to http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/aa511258.aspx for a detailed explanation of the Windows user interface guidelines (English), Localizer should check for latest glossary of terms.
User Interface This refers to all menus, menu items, commands, buttons, check boxes, etc., which should be consistently translated in the localized product. Main Menus Main menus are the menus that appear at the top of the user interface. Main menus typically include File, Edit, View, Insert, Format, Tools, Table, Window, Help etc.
57
Menu Items and Commands
58
Example: Source
Translation
New
)+( नलीन
Open
)+( उघडा
Save
)+( वॐव्श कया
Save as
)+( म्शणून वॐव्श कया
Print
)+( वप्र॓ट कया
59
Prepare
)+( तमाय कया
Send
)+( ऩाठला
Publish
)+( प्रकामळत कया
Close
)+( फ॓द कया
Copy
)+( प्रततमरऩी कया
Paste
)+( गचकटला
Insert
)+( वभावलष्ट कया
Table
)+( वायणी
View
)+( दृचम
Reference
)+( व॓दबा
find
)+( ळोधा
full screen
)+( व॓ऩण ू ा थक्रीन
60
Static Text
English
Translation
Print more than one copy
)+( एकाऩॐषा अगधक प्रततमरऩी भदब रत
कया File Name
)+( पाइर नाल
Enter page number
)+( ऩष्ृ ठ क्रभा॓क बयाला
Text to display
)+( प्रदमळात कयण्माचा भजकूय
Not in dictionary
)+( ळब्दकोळात नाशक
Cannot start line
)+( यॐ खा प्राय॓ ब करू ळकत नाशक
Search Text
)+( ळोध भजकूय
Search for function
)+( कामाावाठी ळोध
Evaluation
)+( भल् ू मा॓कन
Column Input Cell
)+( व॓तब ॓ इनऩट ब कष
Validation Rule
)+( प्रभाणीकयण तनमभ 61
Description
)+( लणान
Verify
)+( वतमावऩत कया
Server name
)+( वव्शायचॐ नाल
Find what
)+( काम ळोधामचॐ )+( मावश फदरा
Replace with Type in the keyword to find
)+( ळोधण्मावाठी कीलडाभध्मॐ टाइऩ
कया Mailing Address
)+( भॐमर॓ग ऩतता
Password to open
)+( उघडामचा ऩावलडा
Dialog Box Titles
Dialog titles should be consistent with the menus items or menu commands that call them. Typically, menus are nouns and verbs, therefore dialog titles should be nouns and verbs.
62
Dialog Box Tabs
Example: English
Translation
Print
)+( भर ब ण
Changes
)+( फदर
Format
)+( थलरूऩण
Margins
)+( वभाव
Layout
)+( भा॓डणी
63
Printers
)+( भर ब क
Shortcut key
)+( ळॉटा कट कऱ
Find
)+( ळोधा
Replace
)+( ऩन ब िथथात कयालॐ
Toolbar
)+( वाधनऩट्टी
Commands
)+( ासा
Check boxes Typically, check boxes should be sentences having the present indefinite verb form in third person (honorific), active voice.
64
Group Box Titles Typically, group box titles should use noun forms.
Buttons
Example: English
Translation
Add
)+( जोडा
Cancel
)+( यद्द कया
Continue ->
)+( चारू ठॐ ला->
Browse
)+( ब्राउझ कया
Save Now…
)+( ाता वबयिषत कया...
OK
)+( ठीक
Open
)+( उघडा
65
Options
)+( ऩमााम
Go To
)+( इथॐ जालॐ
Back
)+( भागीर
Next
)+( ऩबढकर
Stop
)+( था॓फा
Finish
)+( वभाप्त
Clear All
)+( वला वाप कया
Lists Boxes/Tables
Use parallel language for UI elements that are parallel in function, such as lists and tables. Make sure to make all items:
Similar in form. Use the same part of speech. For example, make them all begin with an infinitive verb, or make them all Noun/Gerund, or make them all imperative verbs. English
Translation
Do not include original message
)+( भूऱ व॓दॐळ वभावलष्ट करू नका
Include original message text
)+( भऱ ू व॓दॐळ भजकूय वभावलष्ट कया
Attach original message
)+( भऱ ू व॓दॐळ व॓रान कया
66
Messages While localizing the messages the tone should be formal and easy to understand. Example:(+) If you click download, you will be redirected to another page. (+) ाऩण डाउनरोड िक्रक कॐल्माव, ाऩल्मारा दव ब ालमा ऩष्ृ ठालय ऩबनतनदे मळत कॐरॐ जाईर.
Status Messages What is a Status Bar Message? A status bar message is an informational message about the active document or a selected command as well as about any active or selected interface item. Messages are shown in the status bar at the bottom of the window when the user has chosen a menu, a command or any other item, or has started a function. The status bar messages refer to actions being performed or already complete (for example in Outlook below).
Marathi Style in Status bar Messages In English, the status bar messages have different forms dependent on the information they must convey. In Marathi, menu and commands status bar messages should follow the format below.
Name
Marathi Name
Category
English Status Bar message
Marathi Status Bar message
Edit
)+( व॓ऩादन कयणॐ
menu
Contains editing commands
)+( व॓ऩादन ासा॓चा
वभालॐळ कयतॐ
67
Copy to Folder...
)+( पोल्डयलय कॉऩी
menu
कयणॐ...
Copies the selected items to a new location
)+( मवरॐक्ट कॐरॐरॐ ामटभ
एका नलीन थथानालय कॉऩी कयतॐ
New
)+( नलीन
command
Creates a new document
)+( नलीन दथतऐलज तमाय
कयतॐ action
)+( कक्रमा कयणॐ
question
Make object visible?
)+( ऑब्जॐक्ट दृचमभान
कयामचॐ? process
)+( प्रकक्रमा कयणॐ
status
Word is converting the document. Press Esc to stop.
)+( ळब्द दथतऐलज
तऩा॓तरयत कयत ाशॐ . था॓फवलण्मावाठीEsc दाफा
view
)+( दृचम
menu
Datasheet View
)+( डॐटाळीट दृचम
active
)+( वकक्रम शोणॐ
command
Done
)+( ऩण ू ा
The importance of standardization In the US product you can often find messages that are phrased differently even though they have the same meaning. Try to avoid this in the localized Marathi version. Use one standard translation as in the examples below:
English term
Correct Marathi translation
Press F1 to get Help
भदत मभऱवलण्मावाठी Fदाफा 3
If you want Help press F1 To get Help press F1 Not enough memory
ऩयब ॐ ळी भॐभयक नाशक
Insufficient memory 68
There is not enough memory Save changes to %1?
3%भधीर फदर वयब िषत कयामचॐ?
Do you want to save changes to %1?
Error Messages What Is An Error Message? Here is an example:
Error messages are messages sent by the system or a program, informing the user that there is an error that must be corrected in order for the program to keep running. For example, the messages can prompt the user to take an action or inform the user of an error that requires rebooting the computer.
Marathi Style in Error Messages It is important to use consistent terminology and language style in the localized error messages, and not just translate as they appear in the US product. Error messages are messages sent by the system or a program, informing the user that there is an error that must be corrected in order for the program to keep running. The messages can e.g. prompt the user to insert a disk in the disk drive, or inform of an error that requires rebooting the computer. In Marathi, The sentences can be formed by placing the negative marker after the main verb or even by placing the adjective (describing the negative quality) before the verb.
Standard Phrases in Error Messages When translating standard phrases, standardize. Note that sometimes the US uses different forms to express the same thing. Error messages written in US-English are occasionally inconsistent. As you localize the software into Marathi, you should ensure that you use a standard phrase for error messages that have the same meaning and purpose in the US-English version. 69
The following table provides US-English examples of inconsistent error messages and their corresponding, standardized Marathi Examples:
English Cannot … Could not … Failed to … Failure of …
Translation
Example
ळक्म नाशक
(+) File cannot be found (+) File could not be found
मात अमळथली
वाऩडणॐ ळक्म नाशक …
Unable to find …
(+) Failed to connect
(+) Cannot find driver software (+) Could not find driver software (+) Unable to find driver software
Unable to locate …
(+) Unable to locate driver software
Not enough memory
(+) No sufficient memory on disk
Insufficient memory
Those construction usually being used for "unable to affect an outcome".
(+) Failure of connect
Cannot find … Could not find …
Comment
ऩयब ॐ ळी भॐभयक नाशक
There is not enough memory
(+) Not enough memory on disk
There is not enough memory available
(+) No enough memory is available on disk
... is not available
(+) ... enough space is not available
... उऩरब्ध नाशक
... is unavailable
Meaning is same. (+) ... enough space is unavailable
Error Messages Containing Placeholders When localizing error messages containing placeholders, try to find out what will replace the placeholder. This is necessary for the sentence to be grammatically correct when the placeholder is replaced with a word or phrase. Note that the letters used in placeholders convey a specific meaning, see examples below: 70
%d, %ld, %u, and %lu means %c means %s means
Examples of error messages containing placeholders: (+) "Checking Web %1!d! of %2!d!" means "Checking Web of ". (+) "INI file "%1!-.200s!" section" means "INI file "" section". If your language has agreement between adjectives and nouns, and the noun is a placeholder, it can be important to know what exact string will be in the placeholder, so that a preceding adjective can be inflected Accordingly, The wording of most source strings has already been adjusted to avoid such localization issues and a syntactic construction has been chosen in which a placeholder is not modified by an adjective. However, be mindful of such issues when localizing software. In some languages there is also agreement between a noun subject and the verb. If your language has syntactic agreement, try to reword the translation to avoid a potentially ungrammatical sentence. Example: English example
Message User will see
Marathi example
(+) Replace invalid %s?
Replace invalid data?
(+) अभान्म %s ऩन ब थथाावऩत कयामचॐ?
Replace invalid file? (+) %s already exists
File already exists
(+) %s ागधच अिथततलात ाशॐ .
Name already exists (+) %s is now set as your personal contact.
Regina is now set as your personal contact Mr. Kim is now set as your personal contact
(+) %s stopped working and was closed
The application stopped working and was closed The program stopped working and was closed
(+) %s ाता ाऩल्मा ल॑मिक्तक
व॓ऩकाात ारॐ ाशॏ .
(+) %s नॐ काभ था॓फवलरॐ ाणण फ॓द
झारॐ.
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Keys The keyboard is the primary input device used for text input in Microsoft Windows. For accessibility and efficiency, most actions can be performed using the keyboard as well. While working with Microsoft software, you use keys, key combinations and key sequences. In English, References to key names, like arrow keys, function keys and numeric keys, appear in normal text (not in small caps). Names of keys appearing on keyboard should not be translated. Example: ALT CTRL END ENTER ESC HOME INS NUMPAD ENTER NUM LOCK BACKSPACE BREAK CAPS LOCK CLEARAccess
Keys/Hot keys
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Sometimes, there are underlined or highlighted letters in menu options, commands or dialog boxes. These letters refer to access keys (also known as hot keys) that allow you to run commands, perform tasks, etc. more quickly.
Marathi have a common keyboard layout, InScript - Devanagari, while many languages have their own script and unique keyboard layout, physical and soft version. The decisions will be taken/considered based on the extent to which physical keyboards or soft keyboards are used, use of transliteration as a main means of input, Internet contribution and target population‘s perspective (rural and urban areas). This document is made on account of the information collected from Microsoft contacts, friends and acquaintances native to different regions in India.
The keyboard layout followed is predominantly InScript Keyboard which is standardized by the Indian government. Windows vista supports InScript keyboard using the Mangal font. InScript is the standard keyboard layout for Devanagari (main script used to write Marathi). Marathi use the same Devanagiri InScript Keyboard layout. The words (for the hotkeys like copy, paste, etc) of Marathi.
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Though Phonetic keyboards are used for soft keyboards in several applications and are very different, the phonetic or ―Bolnagri‖ keyboard input methods are used mainly on Linux platforms. So we can consider InScript keyboard (soft and physical) which is supported by windows. Shortcut Key / Hot Key
Marathi
Transliterate
Save - &S
वयब िषत कया
Surakshit kara
Find - &F
मभऱला/ ळोधणॐ
Milva/Shodhane
Cut - &X
काऩा
kaapa
Copy - &C
प्रततमरऩी
Pratilipi (kopy)
Paste - &V
गचकटला
Chikatva
Undo - &Z
ऩल ा त कया ू ल
Poorvavat kara
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Shortcut Key / Hot Key
Marathi
Transliterate
Select all - &A
तनलडा
Nivda
Print - &P
भर ब ण
mudran
Open - &O
उघडा/open
Ugdha (open)
Quit - &Q
फाशॐ य
quit
Close - &W
फ॓दकया/ मभटला
Band kara/mitva
Bold - &B
ठऱक
Thalak
Italic - &I
ततमाक
tiryak
Underline-&U
अधोयॐ णखत
underline
New - &N
नलीन
new
Help - &?
भदत &?
&?
Suggestion for Marathi: TO LOCALIZE Some of the reasons to Localize the Marathi hotkeys are: a. With a large population of Marathi end users among which a good proportion seems to use Marathi Keyboards. b. Keyboards available are NOT PHONETIC i.e., the Marathi letters do not appear along with the Englishsounding letters on the keyboard. c. Soft keyboard (virtual) versions in several applications follow phonetic keyboards. The soft keyboards are not used much when compared to the transliteration Softwares. d. There are no complications or multiple formats in localizing it to the Marathi version. There is only one format of typing which is the standard Devanagri (mangal) and CapsLock/Shift is used to type Diacritics and special cases.
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The following table lists special options for hot keys in US-English interfaces and describes whether each option is allowed in Marathi: Hot Key Special Options
Usage: Is It Allowed?
Notes
"Slim characters", such as I, l, t, r, f can be used as hot key
yes
But Marathi characters cannot be termed as ‗slim‘ compared to the Roman ones
Characters with down strokes, such as g, j, y, p and q can be used as hotkeys
no
Marathi characters are written necessarily with a line on their head. So we can use previous hot key list, which are used in Windows product, for example: वक ब ृ ,
Extended characters can be used as no hotkeys
Marathi conjuncts which are combinations of two consonants cannot be used as hot keys.
An additional letter, appearing between brackets after item name, can be used as hotkeys
no
Such additional letters, cannot be used as hot keys.
A number, appearing between brackets after item name, can be used as hotkey
yes
Yes, it can be allowed.
A punctuation sign, appearing between brackets after item name, can be used as hotkey
no
Punctuation marks are not required to be used as hot keys as there are many clear and simple letters which can be used.
Duplicate hotkeys are allowed when no other character is available
yes
It can be allowed only in special cases.
No hotkey is assigned when no more characters are available (minor options only)
no
No, it cannot be assigned.
Additional notes: n/a
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Arrow Keys The arrow keys move input focus among the controls within a group. Pressing the right arrow key moves input focus to the next control in tab order, whereas pressing the left arrow moves input focus to the previous control. Home, End, Up, and Down also have their expected behavior within a group. Users can't navigate out of a control group using arrow keys. The names of these arrow keys, right arrow, left arrow, up arrow and down arrow can be localized. Up and down arrow keys raise or lower volume.
Numeric Keypad It is recommended that you avoid distinguishing numeric keypad keys from the other keys, unless it is required by a given application. In case which keys to be pressed is not obvious, provide necessary explanations. It is not applicable for Marathi. e.g.: Inscript- it is applicable for Marathi, but for webdunia keyboard it is not applicable.
Shortcut Keys Shortcut keys are keystrokes or combinations of keystrokes used to perform defined functions in a software application. Shortcut keys replace menu commands and they are sometimes given next to the command they represent. In opposition to the access keys, which can be used only when available on the screen, shortcut keys can be used even when they are not accessible on the screen.
Standard Shortcut Keys US Command
US English Shortcut Key
Marathi Command
Marathi Shortcut key
General Windows Shortcut keys Help window
F1
भदत वल॓डो
F1
Context-sensitive Help
Shift+F1
व॓दबा-व॓लॐदनळीर भदत
Shift+F1
Display pop-up menu
Shift+F10
ऩॉऩिडथप्रॐ भॐनू अऩ-
Shift+F10
Cancel
Esc
यद्द कया
Esc
Activate\Deactivate
F10
भॐनू फाय भोड वकक्रम\तनिष्क्रम कया
F10
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menu bar mode
ऩढ ब कर प्राथमभक अनप्र ब मोगाल िथलच
Switch to the next primary application
Alt+Tab
Alt+Tab
Display next window
Alt+Esc
ऩढ ब कर वल॓डो प्रदमळात कया
Alt+Esc
Display pop-up menu for the window
Alt+Spacebar
वल॓डोवाठी ऩॉऩ प्रदमळात भॐनू अऩ-
Alt+Spacebar
Display pop-up menu for the active child window
Alt+-
Display property sheet for current selection
Alt+Enter
Close active application window
Alt+F4
वकक्रम अनप्र ब मोग वल॓डो फ॓द कया
Alt+F4
Switch to next window within (modelesscompliant) application
Alt+F6
अनप्र ब मोग (भोडयदशत-तक्राय)
Alt+F6
Capture active window image to the Clipboard
Alt+Prnt Scrn
Capture desktop image to the Clipboard
Prnt Scrn
Access Start button in taskbar
Ctrl+Esc
Display next child window
Ctrl+F6
कया
कया वकक्रम रशान वल॓डोवाठी ऩॉऩ अऩ-
Alt+-
कया प्रदमळात भॐनू वद्म तनलडीवाठी गण ब धभा ऩमक
Alt+Enter
प्रदमळात कया
अ॓तगात ऩढ ब कर वल॓डोलय िथलच कया िक्रऩफोडालय वकक्रम वल॓डो प्रततभा
Alt+Prnt Scrn
कॎप्चय कया िक्रऩफोडालय डॐथकटॉऩ प्रततभा
Prnt Scrn
कॎप्चय कया टाथकफायभधीर प्राय॓ ब फटण
Ctrl+Esc
ऍक्वॐव कया ऩढ ब कर छोटक वल॓डो प्रदमळात कया
Ctrl+F6
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Display next tabbed pane
Ctrl+Tab
Launch Task Manager and system initialization
Ctrl+Shift+Esc
ऩढ ब कर टॎ फ कॐरॐरा उऩख॓ड प्रदमळात
Ctrl+Tab
कया कामा व्मलथथाऩन ाणण मवथटभ
Ctrl+Shift+Esc
ाय॓ ब वरू ब कया File Menu
File New
Ctrl+N
नलीन पाइर
Ctrl+N
File Open
Ctrl+O
पाइर उघडा
Ctrl+O
File Close
Ctrl+F4
पाइर फ॓द कया
Ctrl+F4
File Save
Ctrl+S
पाइर वयब िषत कया
Ctrl+S
File Save as
F12
पाइर मा तऩात वयब िषत कया
F12
File Print Preview
Ctrl+F2
पाइर भर ब ण ऩल ू ाालरोकन
Ctrl+F2
File Print
Ctrl+P
पाइर भर ब ण
Ctrl+P
File Exit
Alt+F4
पाइर तनगाभन
Alt+F4
Edit Menu Edit Undo
Ctrl+Z
व॓ऩादन ऩल ा त कया ू ल
Ctrl+Z
Edit Repeat
Ctrl+Y
व॓ऩादन ऩन ब यालतृ ती
Ctrl+Y
Edit Cut
Ctrl+X
व॓ऩादन काऩा
Ctrl+X
Edit Copy
Ctrl+C
व॓ऩादन प्रततमरऩी कया
Ctrl+C
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Edit Paste
Ctrl+V
व॓ऩादन गचकटला
Ctrl+V
Edit Delete
Ctrl+Backspace
व॓ऩादन शटला
Ctrl+Backspace
Edit Select All
Ctrl+A
व॓ऩादन वला तनलडा
Ctrl+A
Edit Find
Ctrl+F
व॓ऩादन ळोधा
Ctrl+F
Edit Replace
Ctrl+H
व॓ऩादन मात फदरा
Ctrl+H
Edit Go To
Ctrl+B
व॓ऩादन मालय जा
Ctrl+B
Help Menu Help
F1
भदत
F1
Font Format Italic
Ctrl+I
तीमाक
Ctrl+I
Bold
Ctrl+G
ठऱक
Ctrl+G
Underlined\Word underline
Ctrl+U
अधोयॐ णखत\ळब्द अधोयॐ खन
Ctrl+U
Large caps
Ctrl+Shift+A
Large caps
Ctrl+Shift+A
Small caps
Ctrl+Shift+K
Small caps
Ctrl+Shift+K
Paragraph Format Centered
Ctrl+E
भध्मबाग
Ctrl+E
Left aligned
Ctrl+L
डालीकडॐ व॓यॐणखत
Ctrl+L
Right aligned
Ctrl+R
उजलीकडॐ व॓यॐणखत
Ctrl+R
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Justified
Ctrl+J
वभामोिजत
Ctrl+J
Document Translation Considerations Document localization may require some specific considerations that are different from software localization. This section covers a few of these areas.
Titles Titles should convey as much information as possible about the ensuing text to help readers locate information quickly. If in English the heading begins with a gerund, try to use a nominalized form in Marathi. English example
Marathi example
(+) Sending a file
(+) पाइर ऩाठवलणॐ.
(+) Using Styles
(+) ळ॑रक लाऩयणॐ.
Whenever possible, titles of lists and tables should consist of one or two words, preferably active nouns. They should be concise, even if the original heading uses a longer phrase. US Title
Marathi Title
In order to
)+( ादॐ ळानव ब ाय
Do this
)+( शॐ कयालॐ
How to use
)+( कवॐ लाऩयालॐ
First do this
)+( प्रथभ शॐ कया
Then do this
)+( न॓तय शॐ कया
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How to:
)+( कवॐ:
Walkthrough
)+( ाधायॐ चारा
Copyright Copyright protection is granted to any original work of authorship fixed in any tangible medium of expression from which it can be perceived, reproduced, or communicated. Copyright protection is granted to any original work of authorship fixed in any tangible medium of expression from which it can be perceived, reproduced, or communicated. Example: English text
Marathi translation
Copyright
)+( कॉऩीयाइट
All rights reserved
)+( वला शक्क याखील
Microsoft Corporation
)+( Microsoft Corporation
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