VII. Alps-Adria Scientific Workshop
Stara Lesna, Slovakia, 2008
MARKETABLE TUBER YIELD STABILITY IN POTATO Ivica LIOVIĆ – Marko JOSIPOVIĆ – Domagoj ŠIMIĆ – Goran KRIZMANIĆ – Anto MIJIĆ Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno predgrađe 17, HR-31001 Osijek, Croatia, e-mail:
[email protected] Abstract: In the paper was analyzed marketable tuber yield stability of eight foreign potato cultivars (Arosa, Rosara, Velox, Flavia, Satina, Hopehely, Goliath and Rioja) grown in Croatian production environments for three growing seasons (2003-2005), on four locations (Brinje, Varaždin, Velika Kopanica and Osijek). Results of marketable tuber yields and estimated stability parameters indicate that genotypes, which have a high stability, were not the highest-yielding genotypes. The highest-yielding cultivar was Hopehely, which could be recommended for high-yielding environments, and the most stable cultivar was Rosara. There is concordance between regression coefficient estimates and AMMI analysis. Keywords: potato, marketable tuber yield, stability parameters (Wi, bi, s2di), AMMI
Introduction Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is grown in the Republic of Croatia on area of 63097 ha, representing 5.9 % of sown area in 2003 (Statistical information, 2004). Soil is very important in potato production as place where plants live, as well as source of water and soluble mineral nutrients for synthesis of organic matter. Realization of genetic potential of some variety depends of climatic and soil conditions in agricultural production (Abraham and Sarvari, 2006; Hoffmann et al., 2006; Hunyadi Borbely et al., 2007; Vad et al., 2007). Moreover, it’s very important to use stable and high-yielding cultivars which are able to achieve satisfy yield in different environmental conditions. According to Chloupek et al. (2004), the crops that had the highest increase in yield were also the most adaptable to the variable production conditions. Testing of genotypes at different environments enables estimation of genotype (G) and environmental (E) effects that we can use for explanation of existing GE interactions (Becker and Leon, 1988; Diepenbrock et al., 1995). Stable genotypes have low GE interactions. The objective of this study was to analyze marketable tuber yield stability of eight foreign potato cultivars grown in Croatian production environments. Materials and methods Field experiments were carried out for three growing seasons (2003-2005), on four locations: Brinje (B), Varaždin (V), Velika Kopanica (K) and Osijek (O), on soil types: distric cambisol, sandy soil, humogley and eutric cambisol. Each year-location combination was considered as an environment. Eight potato cultivars were evaluated in a completely randomized block design in three replications. Distances between rows was 70 cm and within row 40 cm, while the plot area was 14 m2. Five cultivars belong to the German company Solana Agrar-Produkte GmbH & Co. KG (Arosa, Rosara, Velox, Flavia, Satina) and three to the University of Veszprem, Georgikon Faculty of Agriculture, Keszthely, Regional Potato Research Centre, Hungary (Hopehely, Goliath and Rioja). Twelve environments were analyzed as a series of random locations with entry means and effective error variance, which were used for the combined analysis. In the combined ANOVA, genotype by environment (GE) interaction sum of squares was partitioned according to “symmetrical joint linear regression analysis” (DeLacy et al.,
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1996). This investigation combines methods of the GE interactions partitioning: ecovalence Wi (Wricke, 1962; in Becker and Leon, 1988) and the regression approach (Eberhart and Russell, 1966). Parameters of regression approach bi and s2di are interpreted according to model of Haufe and Geidel (1978; in Becker and Leon, 1988). Genotypes with bi about 1, and small s2di have high-yield stability, but with large s2di low-yield stability. When bi 1 genotypes are adapted to high-yielding environments. Regarding the ecovalence Wi, stable genotypes have low values of Wi. In addition, Additive Main and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) analysis was done. GLM and IML procedures of the SAS program (SAS, 2003) were run to obtain ANOVA and AMMI analyses. Results and discussion Analysis of variance has revealed highly significant differences of marketable tuber yield among years, locations, genotypes and their interactions (three-factor ANOVA), as well as among environments, genotypes and their interactions (combined ANOVA), justifying herewith the stability analysis by proposed methods (data not shown). In AMMI analysis, Gollob’s test was highly significant for principal components PC1 and PC2. The sum of squares (SS) for PC1 was 45.90%, for PC2 27.02%, presenting 72.92% of the interaction SS. Table 1. Marketable tuber yield (t ha-1) and stability parameters in eight potato cultivars averaged over three years and four locations in Croatia Genotype
Mean
Wi
bi
s2di
1 - Arosa 2 - Rosara 3 - Velox 4 - Flavia 5 - Satina 6 - Hopehely 7 - Goliath 8 - Rioja
28.844 22.780 17.601 17.349 26.140 29.010 28.035 24.483
27.94 27.74 105.49 17.59 37.13 45.01 30.77 65.13
1.13 1.06 0.27 0.60 1.14 1.66 1.46 0.69
13.21 13.69 27.24 1.38 17.68 1.95 5.40 27.92
Results of marketable tuber yields and estimated stability parameters (Table 1) indicate that genotypes, which have a high stability, were not the highest yielding genotypes. This is in accordance with results of Yilmaz and Tugay (1999), Liović and Kristek (2000), and Sanwal et al. (2003). In our case, the highest-yielding genotype was Hopehely with relatively low value of Wi, the highest bi and low s2di suggesting that this cultivar could be recommended for high-yielding environments. Other high-yielding genotypes, suitable for high-yielding environments were Arosa, Goliath and Satina. Similar relations among the parameters were presented by Tekalign (2003), and Sudarić et al. (2006). Since value of bi is near to 1.0, and were low values of Wi and s2di, cultivar Rosara can be considered as wide adapted genotypes. Positive significant correlations were detected between mean and bi as well as between Wi and s2di (Table 2). There were negative associations between bi and Wi as well as 88
VII. Alps-Adria Scientific Workshop
Stara Lesna, Slovakia, 2008
between bi and s2di indicating that the stability parameters evaluated stability differently. Table 2. Correlation coefficients (r) of marketable tuber yield in potato averaged across 12 environments Mean -0.351 0.871** -0.243
Wi bi s2di
Wi
bi
-0.550 0.741*
-0.610
Due to these inconsistencies in the linear model, AMMI biplot analysis was done in order to show more precisely patterns among genotypes and environments (Farshadfar and Sutka, 2006; Lalić et al., 2007). 4
2
O-04 B-04
2
6
1 PC2
B-05
8
3
K-05 K-04 K-03
0 -1
B-03
V-03 O-03
-2
1
5
O-05 V-05
4 3
V-04
7
M Genotypes
-3
□ Environments -4 -4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
PC1
Figure 1. Biplot of principal components (PC) axis 2 vs. 1 for marketable tuber yield in 8 potato cultivars grown at 12 environments in Croatia
Main results of the AMMI biplot analysis (Figure 1) were: (1) genotypes were grouped in three groups; (2) the highest-yielding cultivar 6 (Hopehely) was tightly associated with environments O-04 (Osijek, 2004); (3) the most stable cultivar 2 (Rosara) was not associated with any environment. Separated cultivars 3 (Velox) and 4 (Flavia), which had the lowest marketable tuber yield, also had the lowest bi, what means that they are suitable for low-yielding environments. Regression coefficients and AMMI principal components detected similarly the group of three cultivars (1-Arosa, 5-Satina, 7Goliath) that are adapted to high-yielding environments. It suggests that these two methods of describing GE interactions revealed similar patterns of marketable tuber yield stability in potato.
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Conclusions The highest-yielding cultivar was Hopehely, which could be recommended for highyielding environments. The most stable cultivar was Rosara. Different stability parameters estimate stability on a different way, but there is concordance between regression coefficient estimates and AMMI analysis. Acknowledgements Authors are grateful to Dr. Noyan Kusman, main advisor of Croatian Potato Research and Seed Production Project, for his advices and collaboration in the research. We also thank to Dr. Hans Kaack and Mr. Henk Offereins, Solana Agrar-Produkte GmbH & Co. KG, Hamburg, Germany, and Dr. Zsolt Polgár, University of Veszprem, Georgikon Faculty of Agriculture, Keszthely, Regional Potato Research Centre, Hungary, for supplying potato seed material. For technical assistance, we thank to Zsolt Imre Pintér, Bosporus '92, Consulting and Trading Ltd., Hungary. References Abraham E.B. - Sarvari M.: 2006. Effect of year and irrigation on the yield and quantity of different potato varieties. Cereal Research Communications, 34: 1. 369-372. Becker H.C. - Leon J.: 1988. Stability analysis in plant breeding. Plant Breeding, 101: 1-23. Chloupek O. - Hrstkova P. - Schweigert P.: 2004. Yield and its stability, crop diversity, adaptability and response to climate change, weather and fertilization over 75 years in the Czech Republic in comparison to some European countries. Field Crop Research, 85: 2-3. 167-190. DeLacy I.H. - Basford K.E. - Cooper M. - Bull J.K. - McLaren C.G.: 1996. Analysis of multi-environment trials – an historical perspective. In: Cooper M. and Hammer G.L. (ed.), Plant adaptation and crop improvement. CAB International. 39-124. Diepenbrock W.A. - Leon J. - Clasen K.: 1995. Yielding ability and yield stability of linseed in Central Europe. Agronomy Journal, 87: 84-88. Eberhart S.A. - Russell W.A.: 1966. Stability parameters for comparing varieties. Crop Science, 6: 36-40. Farshadfar E. - Sutka J.: 2006. Biplot analysis of genotype-environment interaction in durum wheat using the AMMI model. Acta Agronomica Hungarica, 54: 4. 459-467. Hoffmann S. - Debreczeni K. - Hoffmann B. - Nagy E.: 2006. Grain yield and baking quality of wheat as affected by crop year and plant nutrition. Cereal Research Communications, 34: 1. 473-476. Hunyadi Borbely E. - Csajbok J. - Lesznyak M.: 2007. Relations between the yield of sunflower and the characteristics of the cropyear. Cereal Research Communications, 35: 2. 285-288. Lalić A. - Kovačević J. - Šimić G. - Drezner G. - Guberac V.: 2007. Environmental effects on grain yield and malting quality parameters of winter barley. Cereal Research Communications, 35: 2. 709-712. Liović I. - Kristek A.: 2000. Stability of agronomic traits in sugar beet hybrids. Rostlinna vyroba, 46: 4. 169175. Sanwal S.K. - Bhutani R.D. - Khurana S.C. - Dudi B.S.: 2003. Stability analysis for marketable tuber yield in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Haryana Journal of Horticultural Sciences, 32: 3-4. 244-247. SAS Institute Inc. (2003). SAS for Windows (r) 9.1. Cary, NC. USA. Statistical information: 2004. The Republic of Croatia, Central bureau of statistics, Zagreb. 65-66. Sudarić A. - Šimić D. - Vratarić M.: 2006. Characterization of genotype by environment interactions in soybean breeding programmes of southeast Europe. Plant Breeding, 125: 191-194. Tekalign T.: 2003. Phenotypic stability for tuber yield in elite potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) genotypes in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Agriculture, 80: 2. 110-113. Vad A. - Zsombik L. - Szabo A. - Pepo P.: 2007. Critical crop mamagement factors in sustainable maize (Zea mays L.) production. Cereal Research Communications, 35: 2. 1253-1256. Yilmaz G. - Tugay M.E.: 1999. Genotype x environment interactions in potato. I. The investigation based on stability parameters. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 23: 1. 97-105.
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