Abstracts Volume MAY 21 to 25, 2018
7th international OLOT - CATALONIA - SPAIN
DL GI 743-2018 ISBN 978-84-09-01627-3 Cover Photo: ACGAX. Servei d’Imatges. Fons Ajuntament d’Olot. Autor: Eduard Masdeu Authors: Xavier Bolós and Joan Martí
7th International Maar Conference - Olot, Catalonia, Spain, 2018
Posters - Session 5
Monte Preto monogenetic volcano (Fogo, Cape Verde) an exceptional volcanic heritage for the geotourism Javier Dóniz-Páez1, 2, Rafael Becerra-Ramírez3, 2, Elena González-Cárdenas3, 2, Estela Escobar-Lahoz3,2, Samara Dionis2 and Vera Alfama4 GeoTurVol-Departamento de Geografía e Historia, Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Guajara s/n, 38071, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
[email protected] 2 Instituto Volcanológico de Canarias (INVOLCAN), Hotel Tahoro, 38400, Puerto de La Cruz, Tenerife, Spain. 3 GEOVOL-Departamento de Geografía y Ordenación del Territorio, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain. 4 Facultade de Ciêcias e Tecnologia. Universidade de Cabo Verde, Campus de Palmarejo, CP-279, Praia, Santiago, Cape Verde. 1
Keywords: Volcanic Heritage, geotourism, Cape Verde
The volcanic landscape is attractive for the general public. Sites with a special tourist interest are created by them Dóniz-Páez, (2017). These geosites or geomorphosites are remarkable forms and processes because of their high scientific values, but also by their social, cultural, aesthetic and economic importance amongst other aspects. The geomorphosites measure the volcanic heritage regarding to geotourism, geoconservation or geoeducation. These aspects related to volcanic heritage are commonly viewed through micro to macro scales Németh et al., (2017). For example, when using the macro scale, it could be possible not to see the volcanic geodiversity. Therefore, once we study volcanoes at micro scale, we can observe all the geodiversity and biodiversity of volcanic landscapes. The aim of this paper is studying the volcanic heritage of Monte Preto volcano (MPV), a cinder cone with tourism interest. The methodology used in this paper is based on a non- systematic inventory of geomorphosites from MPV with geotourist potential, according to a bibliographical review, an aerial photo and mainly, to the fieldwork made with campaigns in November 2015 and July 2016. MPV is located in Fogo Natural Park, on the summit of Fogo Island (Fig. 1). Fogo is located in the southern group of Cape Verde archipelago, in the central Atlantic, about 600 km from the western coast of Africa, at 15º N Costa, (2011). MPV takes part of the basaltic monogenetic eruptive complex, in an eruptive fissure of 5 km length whose origin goes back to 1951. The 1951 event is similar to historical eruptions documented in Fogo (1769, 1785, 1816, 1847, 1852, 1995 and 2014-15) Alfama et al., (2008). This eruption emerged in the flank of Pico de Fogo stratovolcano along a NW-SE fissure. In the south flank, multiple volcanoes (Monte Lestisco-Orlando-Rendall) of lapilli, scoria, spatter and bombs with important pahoehoe and aa lava flows with more 6 km length were formed. In the north flank, we can observe two main groups of cones from the eruption of 1951. The first one consists of a four-small scoria cones with pahoehoe and aa lava flows with an altitude of 1,980-2,000 m and the MPV complex. The other one is compounded by two main cinder cones (MPV) and more than 20 small scoria and spatter cones 216
in the NW-SE fissure eruption. The morphology of volcanoes corresponds to the multiple basaltic monogenetic cones according to Dóniz-Páez, (2015).
Fig. 1 – Eastern view of the maar of Los Corchuelos (Despeñadero Range).
Fig. 1 – Location of Monte Preto volcano, Fogo, Cape Verde Archipielago.
Two important groups of volcanic landforms can be identified in MPV: cones and lava flows. In the MPV, three types of eruptive structures can be distinguished: cinder cones, small scoria cones, and spatter cones or hornitos. The cinder cone constitutes a multiple volcano, formed by lapilli, bombs, scoria and spatter deposits and interstratified lavas. It has various rings and open craters (Fig. 2) with abundant pahoehoe and aa lavas with some lava tubes and channels which flow along several kilometers. The small scoria cones are formed by accumulations of lapilli, and especially by spatter with vent with ring, horseshoe and multiple shapes. The hornitos are the smallest eruptive buildings. They are the most common structures in MPV and they are not more than 10 meters height. They present irregular bases as a consequence of the association of various hornitos formed by spatter de-
posits, and eruptive centers connected to lava tubes and channels. All the eruptive cones are affected by erosional processes. The most important one is a colluvial and torrential landform, but we can also observe the effects of human action on them (paths, crops, livestock, extractions of lapilli, etc.).
Acknowledgements This paper has been funded by the project “Fortalecimiento del tejido económico y empresarial ligado al sector turístico de Tenerife mediante la potenciación del volcaturismo”, supported by Cabildo de Tenerife, Spain.
References Alfama, V., Gomes, A., Brilha, J., 2008. Guia geoturistico da Ilha do Fogo, Cabo Verde. Departamento de Ciencias da Terra Universidade de Coimbra. Costa, F., 2011. Volcanic geomorphosites assessment of the last eruption, on April to May 1995, within the Natural Park of Fogo Island, Cape Verde. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites IV, 2(8): 167-177. Dóniz-Páez, J., 2015. Volcanic geomorphological classification of the cinder cones of Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain). Geomorphology 228: 432-447 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.10.004. Fig. 2 – The main cinder cone of Monte Preto Volcano.
The lava flows are emitted from the cinder and scoria cones and hornitos. The main lava flows are aa, pahoehoe and blocks, but it is possible to admire different morphological forms associated to a lava field: small lava lakes, pond of lavas, lava cascades, lava collapses, lava tubes, lava channels, jameos, etc. In MPV, we can recognize a wide range of volcanic landforms: cinder cones, scoria cones, spatter cones or hornitos, pahoehoe, aa and blocks lava flows, lava tubes, lava channels, gullies, taluses, etc. The great geodiversity of this volcano is an exceptional heritage for geotourism. The geotourism can be considered as a tourism segment mainly focused on the geodiversity and geoheritage. Nevertheless, the cultural heritage (material and inmaterial) of the areas can be considered as pull factor for it Rocha and Ferreiras, (2014). Therefore, the geoheritage is the driving force of the geotourism itineraries, but the cultural heritage it is also added to increase the value of the visited regions Rocha and Ferreria, (2014). When we talk about geotourism, we are use to pay attention to two main aspects: the geoheritage site and its administrations and their legal frameworks. In this sense, we propose a geotourist itinerary through the different landforms of MPV in Fogo Natural Park, with a special interest in volcanic heritage and cultural values of Portelas and Bangaeira villages.
Dóniz-Páez, J., 2017. Las rocas son atractivas: volcanoturismo en Fogo. Bínter 176: 38-42. Németh, K., Casadevall, T., Moufti, M., Martí, J., 2017. Volcanic Geoheritage. Geoheritage 9: 251-254. DOI: 10.1007/s12371-0170257-9. Moreno, C., Bueno, A., Rodríguez, A., Guerra, E., Naranjo, A., Pérez, F., (2015). Carta turística Ilha do Fogo. ULPGC-Direcção Nacional do Ambiente. Rocha, F., Ferreira, E,. 2014. Geotourism, medical geology and local development: Cape Verde case study. Journal of African Earth Sciences 99: 735-742. DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2014.04.015.
Now, in Fogo Natural Park, there are 13 itineraries according to Moreno et al., (2015). Tourists can use path number nine (Portela-Monte Preto), five (Portela-Penedo Rachado-Fernão Gomes) and six (Portela-Pico do Vulcão). However, the first one, number nine, is the best because it crosses the two groups of volcanoes in MPV complex. Therefore, the geotourist potential can be observed and interpreted when we pay attention to all the volcanic heritage of MPV and its culture. 217
