Mechanical and Magnetic Properties of Thermoplastic Natural Rubber Nanocomposites Filled with Barium Ferrit Mohamed M. M. Milad, Sahrim Hj. Ahmad, S. Y. Yahya, and Mou’ad. A. Tarawneh
Citation: AIP Conference Proceedings 1136, 46 (2009); View online: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3160187 View Table of Contents: http://aip.scitation.org/toc/apc/1136/1 Published by the American Institute of Physics
Mechanical and Magnetic Properties of Thermoplastic Natural Rubber Nanocomposites Filled with Barium Ferrit 1.Mohamed .M .M .Milad#, Sahrim Hj. Ahmad#, Mou'ad.A.Tarawneh#
S.Y.Yahya*,
#School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia * Institute Sains, Universiti Teknologi Mara, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia Email:
[email protected] Abstract. This study was undertaken to investigate the mechanical and magnetic properties of thermoplastic natural rubber (TPNR) filled with barium ferrite BaFe12O19 nanoparticle. The nanocompasites were prepared via melt blending method using the Haake 600p internal mixer. The content of the filler is varied from 2-10% by volume fraction. TPNR is a blend of polypropylene (PP), liquid natural rubber (LNR) and natural rubber (NR) at the percentage of volume ratio 70:10:20. The nanocomposites were prepared at 180 °C with mixing speed 110 and 13 min mixing time. Tensile properties of the samples were measured using a universal machine, Tensometric 500.The results show that TPNR nanocomposites with only 4% nanoparticles exhibited good mechanical properties. The improvements were about 23.7% for tensile strength 20.1% for Young's modulus and 11.16% for strain respectively. The magnetic properties of TPNR filled nanoparticles was studied using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) at room temperature and it was found that magnetization (M s ), and remanent magnetization (Mr) increased with increasing ferrite content. Keywords: Thermoplastic natural rubber, mechanical properties, magnetic properties PACS: 75.75.§a; 82.35.Np
INTRODUCTION Nanotechnology is broadly defined as the creation and utilization of materials, devices and systems through the control of matter on the nanometer-length scale. The explosion of research in this area is driven by their outstanding and modified magnetic properties arising from nanoscale size of magnetic entities. Magnetic nanoparticles are active component of ferrofluids, recording tape, flexible disc recording media, sensors and biomedical materials. If magnetic are formed inside a polymer matrix, magnetic nanocomposites have unique properties and can be used to develop new magnetic and magneto optical devices [1]. As early as 1955 it was seen that the magnetic properties of polymer could be modified by incorporating magnetic powders in plastic and rubber matrices [2-3]. This elastomeric magnetic composite possesses numerous advantages and can be manufactured using conventional polymer processing techniques; allowing them to be formed into complex shapes and sizes, higher production rates, lower cost and better uniformity and reproducibility. This paper discussed the mechanical and magnetic properties of thermoplastic natural rubber filled with various percentages of barium ferrite nanoparticles. CP1136, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, (NANO-Sci-Tech 2008), edited by M. Rusop and T. Soga © 2009 American Institute of Physics 978-0-73 54-0673-5/09/$25.00
46
EXPERIMENTAL Materials Polypropylene (PP) used in this study was supplied by Polipropilinas (M) Sdn. Bhd. Natural rubber NR type SMRL-L with density 0.91 g/cm was supplied by Guthier (M) Bhd. Nanoparticles powder,with the average size of 196 nm ferrite powder BaFe12 O19 ,with purity 99% was supplied by PI-KEMLTD Vew Tree House tilley wem shropshire (ferrite powder). Liquid natural rubber (LNR) was synthesis using photochemical degradation technique on natural rubber in our laboratory.
Composites Preparation The nanocomposite sample were prepared using in internal mixer ( Haake Rheomix 600p). The mixing temperature was 180° C, with rotor speed of 110 rpm and 13 min mixing time using indirect technique (IDT) was used. The BaFe12 O19 was mixed with TPNR separately before it was melt blended with PP and NR in the internal mixes. TPNR matrix and nanocomposite were prepared by melt blending of PP,NR and LNR with BaFe12 O19 in a ratio of 70 wt% PP, 20% NP and 10wt% LNR as a compatibilizer and 2.4.6.8.10 BaFe12 O19 .
Characterization The magnetic properties of the nanmcoosites were measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM model LDJ9600) at room temperatures (25° C). The measurements were carried out in a maximum field of 5 kOe. Magnetic parameters such as saturation magnetization (M s ), remanence (Mr), coercivity (Hc), susceptibility (Xi) and initial permeability (µi) were determined. Tensile elongation and modulus measurements are among the important indications of strength in a material and the most widely specified properties of polymers. Tensile test is a measurement of the ability of material to withstand forces that tend to pull it apart and determine to what extent the material stretches before breaking. Tensile properties were measured using Testometric 350 according to ASTM D638-91a at crosshead speed of 50 mm/min. The gauge length was kept at 30 mm. At least 5 samples were tested for each composition and a mean of than 5 samples were taken for stress and strain calculations. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Magnetic Properties Figures 2 to 6 show the hysteresis curve of nanocomposite samples with various compositions of barium ferrite nanoparticles. With referring to the graphs, we observe that the magnetization has never saturated and this may be due to core – shell stunted phenomena. The saturation magnetization as a function of ferrite 47
content shows a linear relationship up to 10 weight percent. As shows in table 1 Mr,Ms and Hc increased with increase the filler. At higher loading, the nanoparticles tend to agglomerate it they don't disperse well in the matrix, and hence interparticle interactions will occur. This non-linearity is caused by multiple interactions among the particles that become important when the particle approach each other. It seems that the interactions are resistive towards the orientation of magnetic moments by the applied magnetic field. TABLE 1 Magnetic properties of TPNR with nanomagnetic particles. % of filler
Mr (emulg)
Ms (emulg)
Hc (Oe)
2%
0.3365
1.038
318.3
4%
0.6014
1.468
584.6
6%
1.007
2.236
1032
8%
1.388
2.904
1155
10%
1.789
3.561
1342
4% Nanoparticles
2% Nanoparticles
FIGURE 1. Magnetic hysteresis for 2% Filler content
FIGURE 2. Magnetic hysteresis for 4% filler content 3% Nanoparticles
•6110
4000-
