Mechanical Properties of Natural Fiber Braided Yarn ... - Science Direct

Journal of Bionic Engineering 14 (2017) 141–150

Mechanical Properties of Natural Fiber Braided Yarn Woven Composite: Comparison with Conventional Yarn Woven Composite Murugan Rajesh, Jeyaraj Pitchaimani Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore, India 575 025

Abstract The effect of reinforcing natural fiber in the form of braided yarn woven fabric on mechanical properties of polymer composite was investigated. The results of braided yarn fabric composites were compared with the conventional yarn fabric composite and random oriented intimately mixed short fiber composites for the same percentage of fiber weight. The effect of intra-ply hybridization, by keeping two different natural fiber yarns along two different directions of a woven fabric, on mechanical properties of the woven fabric composite was also analyzed. Natural fiber braided yarn fabric reinforcement significantly increased the mechanical properties of the composites compared with that of the conventional woven fabric and short fiber reinforcements. Intra-ply hybridization of two different natural fibers improved the mechanical properties of the conventional woven fabric composite while it could not enhance the properties of the braided fabric composite. The improvement in impact property is very high compared to tensile and flexural properties due to the braided yarn fabric reinforcement. Keywords: braided yarn, fabric, natural fiber, mechanical properties Copyright © 2017, Jilin University. Published by Elsevier Limited and Science Press. All rights reserved. doi: 10.1016/S1672-6529(16)60385-2

1 Introduction Usage of petroleum based product creates the environmental problems during disposal and emission which increases interest in development of natural fiber composites for low and medium load applications[1]. Several advantages associated with natural fibers such as use of plant waste, environmental friendly, high strength to weight ratio, requirement of less energy to fabricate their composites make them as an alternative material to conventional metals and synthetic fiber reinforced polymer composites in several engineering applications where load-sharing requirement of the structural component is not vital. The proposed natural fiber composite material can be successfully used to replace several household components made of wood and plywood materials[2–5]. For example, telephone stand, window frame and door panels. In automobile, the natural fiber can be used along with synthetic fiber to reduce the weight of the final product such as outer body and door. With enhanced mechanical properties due to the woven fabric form reinforcement, natural fiber composites can Corresponding author: Jeyaraj Pitchaimani E-mail: pjeyaemkm@gmail.com

be used to replace the synthetic fiber polymer composites in structural applications where the tensile and flexural load is less than 100 MPa[6–9]. Exhaustive amount of research has been carried out on the characterization of mechanical properties of different kinds of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites by reinforcing the natural fiber in short and random orientation form. In general, jute, sisal, flax, hemp, coir and bamboo natural fibers are used as reinforcement in the polymer matrix to enhance the properties of composite material for low and medium load applications[10,11]. Monteiro et al.[12] studied the mechanical performance of coir fiber reinforced polyester composites and found that 50 wt % fiber loading gives better mechanical properties. Venkateshwaran et al.[13] investigated the mechanical properties of short and random oriented banana/sisal/epoxy hybrid composites. Results revealed that the tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength of sisal composites increased by 16%, 4% and 35% respectively in comparison to hybrid composites. Boopalan et al.[14] analyzed the mechanical properties of banana-jute hybrid com-

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posite and found that, in comparison with individual jute composites, the tensile, flexural and impact strengths of the composite reinforced with banana fiber increased by 17%, 4.3% and 35.5% respectively. Jawaid et al.[15] analyzed the tensile properties of jute-oil palm hybrid composites and found that 1:4 ratio of oil palm-jute resulted in higher tensile property. Mayandi et al.[16] analyzed the influence of fiber length and fiber loading on mechanical properties of veldt grape bast fiber/polyester composite and found that fiber with a length of 40 mm and a loading of 40 wt% enhanced the properties of composite. Advancements in the weaving architecture of tensile fabric have been used by several researchers to enhance the mechanical properties of natural fiber woven fabric composites. Sapuan and Maleque[17] fabricated banana fiber woven fabric epoxy composite household telephone stand. Sastra et al.[18] analyzed the influence of reinforcing drenga pinnata fiber in long random, short random and woven roving form on the tensile properties of epoxy composites. They found that woven roving form reinforcement resulted in higher tensile properties. Sapuan et al.[19] compared the mechanical behavior of woven banana/epoxy composite by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) statistical analysis tool and concluded that composite had stable average mechanical properties. John et al.[20] theoretically proposed different weaving patterns such as plain, basket, twill and stain to enhance the mechanical properties of the woven fabric composites. Venkateshwaran et al.[21] investigated the mechanical properties of banana-epoxy composite made of fabric with three different weaving patterns such as plain, twill and basket. They found that plain type weaving pattern improved the mechanical properties of the composite compared with the other patterns. To improve the performance of natural fiber polymer composite researchers proposed hybridization of two different natural fibers. Jawaid et al.[22] found that the oil-palm and jute fiber fabric epoxy hybrid composite had higher tensile and flexural properties compared with the composites made of individual oil-palm and jute fibers. Jawaid et al.[23] analyzed the impact properties of woven jute-oil-palm fibers reinforced composite and found that the hybridization of the fibers enhanced the impact strength of the composite. Alavudeen et al.[24] compared the plain type woven fabric banana/kenaf polyester composites with twill type woven fabric and

short fiber reinforced composites and found that higher mechanical properties of plain type woven composites can be achieved. Santulli et al.[25] investigated the tensile and flexural properties of wool-jute-epoxy composites and found that the addition of wool in the jute reinforced epoxy composite enhanced the tensile and flexural strengths by 92% and 50% respectively. Kumar et al.[26] investigated the mechanical properties of sisal-cotton hybrid woven polyester composite and found that increasing the number of layers of fabric enhanced the mechanical properties of composite material. Mechanical properties of braided yarn fabric reinforced composite and comparing it with conventional simply twisted yarn fabric. Similar investigations on the intra-ply hybridization effect of two-different natural fiber by keeping them along the two different directions of a fabric on mechanical properties are also explored by researchers. Present work focuses on the investigation of mechanical properties of jute braided yarn fabric and jute-banana intra-ply fabric composites. The mechanical properties of braided yarn fabric composites are compared with that of conventional yarn fabric composite and short fiber composites. Composites with braided woven fabric reinforcement are used in several engineering applications such as aircraft structural parts, air ducts and rocket launch tubes. Ayranci et al.[27] reviewed the application of braided composites in various fields and concluded that braided woven fabric composite can be successfully used to replace conventional material for structural columns, rods, shafts, pressure vessels and plates. Sun and Qiao[28] compared the mechanical properties of braided composite using theoretical and experimental methods and found that braided angle influenced the mechanical properties of the composite material. Sun et al.[29] analyzed the mechanical properties of 3D braided composites using volume-average-compliance method and found that the mechanical properties of braided composites had a significant improvement compared with that of straight yarn composite. Goyal et al.[30] analyzed the mechanical properties of braided composites and found that braid angle, waviness ratio and cross-sectional shape influenced the mechanical properties of the composite material. It should be noted that these studies on braided composites are related to synthetic fibers and most of the work are carried out based on analytical and numerical investigations.

Rajesh and Pitchaimani: Mechanical Properties of Natural Fiber Braided Yarn Woven Composite: Comparison with Conventional Yarn Woven Composite

Banana braided yarn

Banana yarn

Jute fiber

2.1 Woven natural fiber fabric and polymer preparation In this work, jute and banana fibers are converted to the form of braided and simply twisted yarns as shown in Fig. 1. Around 100 to 150 loose natural fibers are converted into braided and simply twisted yarns. Further woven fabrics are prepared using these yarns with basket type weaving architecture. Rajesh and Jeyaraj[31] reported that basket type woven fabric reinforcement enhanced mechanical behavior of composite. So, fabrics analyzed in the present work are prepared with basket type weaving architecture. Similarly Rajesh et al.[32] observed that intra-ply hybridization effect of two different natural

(a)

(b)

Fig. 1 Types of yarns used in present work. (a) Braided yarn; (b) conventional yarn. Jute braided yarn

2 Experimental details

fibers in a fabric was significant when relatively stronger fiber oriented along the warp direction and relatively weak yarn along weft direction of the fabric. So, jute yarns are oriented along warp direction and banana yarns are oriented along weft direction of the fabric in the intra-ply composites analyzed in the present work. Schematic diagram of different types of woven composites are given in Fig. 2. The properties of conventional and braided yarns used in the study are given in Table 1. Matrix material is prepared using unsaturated polyester resin, a catalyst and an accelerator in the ratio of 10:1:1 (by weight). Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide (MEKP) is used as a catalyst and cobalt naphthenate as an accelerator. Fibers used in the present work such as banana and jute fibers are purchased from Jothi Fabric, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India, and Kiran Jute Industry, Kolkata, West Bengal, India respectively. Unsaturated isophthalic polyester resin, MEKP catalyst, cobalt naphthenate accelerator are purchased from Vasavibala resins Ltd., Chennai, India.

Banana fiber

The present work aims to improve the poor mechanical strength that is associated with the natural fiber composites by reinforcing them in fabric form. Most of the researchers use the natural fiber either in short and random orientation form or in the form of woven fabric made of simply twisted yarns. The effect of natural fibers in the form of woven fabric which is made of braided yarns is yet to be explored. Similarly, the effect of intra-ply hybridization of two different natural fiber braided yarns in a woven fabric on the mechanical behavior of the composite is also analyzed. Present work focuses on mechanical behavior of braided yarn composite made of jute fabric and jute-banana intra-ply fabric composite. The results are compared with conventional woven fabric and short and random oriented fiber reinforced composites.

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Fig. 2 Schematic digram of different composites used in the study. (a) Jute Conventional (JC) composite; (b) Intra-ply Conventional (IPC) composite; (c) Jute Braided (JB) composite; (d) Intra-ply Braided (IPB) composite; (e) Jute Short and Random oriented (JSR) composite; (f) Short and Random oriented Hybrid (SRH) composite.


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Table 1 Properties of conventional and braided yarns

Braid angle

28°

Braided yarn pitch distance

10 mm

No of count used in conventional yarn

Single

Diameter of conventional yarn

1 mm

Width of braided yarn

2 mm

2.2 Fabrication of composites In the present work composite laminates are prepared using hand lay-up method. Initially a known amount of unsaturated isophthalic polyester resin, catalyst (MEKP) and accelerator (cobalt naphthenate) mixture is poured into the mould cavity then the woven fabric is placed over the resin mixture. Followed by this, the remaining amount of resin mixture is poured again over the woven fabric with the help of a roller made of steel material to remove the voids in laminates. Finally, the mould is covered by a stiff parallel plate and a dead weight of 60 kg is placed over the plate to compress the laminates for five hours under ambient temperature curing. Fig. 3 shows IPC composite plate fabricated using intra-ply jute-banana natural fiber woven fabric. In this study, all woven and braided fabric maintain the same size while fabricating different composite laminates. But due to variation in the nature of weaving pattern and yarn type (braided and conventional) it is difficult to control the weight percentage of different woven fabrics. Even though, the variation in the weight percentage of different composites is not very high. For example, for JB composite, fiber loading is 22% while JC composite it is 20%. For IPB composite, its fiber loading is 20% while IPC has 18%. Further, short jute and jute-banana intimately mixed composites are also prepared to compare the results with woven composite. For that same weight percentage (22%) of JB woven fabric has been maintained for comparison. Fig. 4 shows different composites fabricated using conventional and braided natural fiber fabrics. 2.3 Testing standards Tensile and flexural tests of the woven composite specimens are conducted on universal testing machine

Fig. 3 IPC composite plate fabricated using intra-ply jute-banana natural fiber woven fabric.

Jute fiber

15°

Banana fiber

84.2 tex

Conventional yarn twist angle

Jute fiber

75.0 tex

Braided yarn density (Jute)

Banana fiber

26.7 tex

Braided yarn density (Intra-ply)

300 mm

22.7 tex

Conventional yarn density (Jute)

Warp direction

Conventional yarn density (Intra-ply)

Banana fiber

Properties

Fig. 4 Different woven fabric composites used in the work. (a) IPB composite; (b) JB composite; (c) IPC composite; (d) JC composite.

while impact test is carried out on Izod impact test machine. Tensile test for the woven composite specimen is carried out as per ASTM D-638 with a testing speed of 2 mm·min−1[33]. The tensile specimens are prepared dog bone shape with a dimension of 57 mm in length and 13 mm in width. ASTM D-790 is followed to find the flexural strength of composite specimen through three-point bending test[34]. The composite specimens are sized into 127 mm × 12.7 mm × 3 mm. The impact strength of composite is tested using Izod test without notch. Impact specimens are prepared as per ASTM standard D-256 with the dimension of 63.7 mm× 12.7 mm ×3 mm[35]. Apart from this, the tensile properties of different woven fabrics are obtained separately as per ASTM D 5034 with a testing speed of 12 mm·min−1. Testing fabric has been prepared with a dimension of 300 mm×30 mm. Each test has been performed on five different samples and average value has been taken.


2.4 Density and void contents The densities of composites are measured according to ASTM D-792 standard[36]. The rectangle samples are prepared with the dimension of 10 mm×10 mm. In this study distilled water is used as the immersion fluid at room temperature and the mass of the composite specimens are measured using a digital balance with a 10−3 gram resolution. The density of the composite laminate is obtained based on the relation ρ = Mair/( Mair – Mwater). Each case five specimens are tested and average value is taken. Void percentage in the composite laminates is calculated using ASTM D-2734 standard and based on the following equation: V= ((Td − Md)/Td)×100% where Td is theoretical composite density, Md is measured composite density, V is void content. 2.5 Morphological analysis The surface morphology, interfacial bonding between fiber and matrix, and fiber pull out studies are carried out on fractured tensile and flexural specimens using Hitachi-S3400 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) at 20 KV accelerating voltage.

3 Results and discussion 3.1 Density and void Density and void percentage of different composites are given in Table 2. From Table 2, it is clear seen that theoretically calculated density matches well with the experimentally evaluated density. It is also observed that the density of the composite is not so sensitive to the nature of reinforcement. The percentage of void content associated with short and random oriented composites such as JSR and SRH is higher than that of different woven fabric composites. This is because the discontinuity of short jute fibers in the matrix creates the amorphous nature in the composite. 3.2 Tensile test of woven fabric Tensile properties of different fabrics are obtained to analyze the influence of conventional and braided yarns on tensile behavior of conventional and braided fabric. Tensile test has been conducted according to ASTM D-5034 with a testing speed of 5 mm·min−1 on the samples of different fabrics prepared with a dimension of 300 mm×25 mm. The tensile properties of a

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fabric significantly influenced by the nature of yarn used in the fabricate as seen in Table 3. Braided yarn fabrics have higher tensile properties compared with that of conventional yarn fabrics. This indicates that the braided nature of yarn enhances the tensile behavior of the fabric. However, intra-ply hybridization of jute and banana yarns in a fabric does not enhance the tensile behavior of the woven fabric. This is because the large difference in the elastic modulus of two different natural fibers reduces the tensile properties of intra-ply fabric. However, braided nature intra-ply fabric gives higher tensile value compared with individual jute and jute-banana conventional woven fabrics. This is due to the large difference in elastic modulus between braided and conventional woven fabrics. Also the tensile properties of conventional and braided yarns are analyzed. The tensile strength and modulus of conventional jute, banana yarn are 48 MPa, 30 MPa and 500 MPa, 340 MPa respectively. Similarly the tensile strength and modulus of braided yarn are 103 MPa, 78 MPa and 850 MPa, 490 MPa respectively. This indicates that the braided nature of yarns enhances the tensile properties compared with conventional yarn. This can be attributed to the arrangement of fiber in the yarns. In the case of conventional yarn the strength is dependent on yarn twist but braided yarn strength depends on interlacing amount of fiber one over another. Also the amount of fiber in the braided is more than conventional yarn, which increases modulus of elasticity. Table 2 Density of different composites Composite

Density (g·cm−2) Experimental

Void (%)

Theoretical

JC

1.208

1.190

1.51

IPC

1.192

1.174

1.55

JB

1.233

1.209

1.98

IPB

1.227

1.210

1.40

JSR

1.166

1.130

2.61

SRH

1.192

1.151

3.57

Table 3 Tensile properties of different woven fabric used in the study Woven fabric

Tensile strength (MPa)

Tensile modulus (MPa)

JC

13.8

128

IPC

13.1

117

JB

16.0

152

IPB

14.0

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Journal of Bionic Engineering (2017) Vol.14 No.1 2000

1500

1000

SRH JSR JC IPC JB IPB

500

0 0

1 2 Displacement (mm)

3

Fig. 5 Load vs deflection diagram of different composites.

Stress (N·mm–2)

Fig. 6 Stress vs strain variation of different composites under tensile test.

Tensile modulus (GPa)

3.3 Tensile properties of the composites Load-displacement curve associated with different composites are given in Fig. 5. As indicated, the brittle fracture failures of composite under tensile load occur. Similarly while carrying out the test, composite specimens continue to take the load till the failure of fabric occur. The random oriented composites JSR and SHR failed earlier than woven and braided composites. The reinforcement of natural fiber in woven form increases the load carrying capacity of the composite and results in failure with lower strain rate. Stress-strain curve associated with different type of composites are given in Fig. 6. From Fig. 6, one can observe that jute braided composite has higher strength compared to that of conventional woven jute and intra-ply composite. It is due to higher modulus of braided yarn carries more loads. This enhances the tensile properties of JB composite. Same time random oriented composites have less tensile strength compared with that of woven composite. It is due to non-uniform distribution of fiber in the matrix produces amorphous nature that leads to fail early with lower strain rate. The influence of reinforcement on tensile strength of composite is shown in Fig. 7. Short fiber reinforced composites such as JSR and SHR have very poor tensile strength as anticipated. This is due to poor load carrying capacity of randomly oriented fiber fails with a lower strain rate under tensile load. It is because non-uniform distribution of short fiber in the matrix increases the amorphous nature of randomly oriented composite. This increases non-uniform stress distribution during loading. Fig. 7 clearly indicates that braided yarn fabric composites such as JB and IPB have higher tensile strength. This also reveals that braided yarn provides better resistance against tensile loading compared to conventional yarn. Low interlace between the yarns of warp and the weft direction of braided fabric is also another important factor which enhances the tensile strength of JB and IPB composites. The intra-ply hybridization of jute and banana yarns improves the tensile strength of conventional fabric composite while it reduces the tensile strength of braided yarn composite. This happens due to the amount of jute fiber presented in IPB composite is less compared to JB composite. This reduces the elastic modulus of composites. This is the reason why IPB composite has less tensile strength compared to JB composite. The tensile strength of woven composites

Tensile strength (MPa)

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Fig. 7 Influence of nature of reinforcement on tensile properties of composites.

such as JC, IPC, JB and IPB are 93%, 129%, 202% and 166% higher than that of short fiber reinforced JSR composite. This clearly indicates that the tensile strength of natural fiber composite can be significantly improved by reinforcing them in braided fabric form. The influence of nature of reinforcement on the tensile modulus of different composite is similar to the variation of tensile strength.


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3.4 Flexural properties of the composites The influence of fiber reinforcement on flexural properties of the composite is similar to the variation of tensile properties as shown in Fig. 8. It is clear that braided yarn woven fabric composites have higher flexural strength compared to other composites. It is evident from higher flexural strength of JB and IPB composites compared to SRH, JSR, JC and IPC composites. This indicates that nature of yarn of a woven fabric influences the flexural strength of the woven fabric composite. Discontinuity of fiber leads to poor flexural strength associated with the short and random oriented composites such as SRH and JSR. In braided composite, stronger braided yarn carries more loads than conventional yarn, which results in higher flexural strength of the composite. Due to the braided yarn’s higher load carrying capacity, jute-banana IPB composite has higher flexural strength compared to IPC fabric composite. Another an important reason is that the interlace between two yarns in the warp and weft direction is less in braided yarn fabric than that of conventional woven fabric, which enhances the properties of composites. However, the flexural strength of IPB composite is always lower than that of JB composite. It is due to the amount of stronger jute fiber in the JB composite is higher than other composites (IPB, IPC, JC). This enhances the elastic modulus of the composite material and provides higher resistance against bending load. The flexural strengths of JC, IPC, JB and IPB composites are 66%, 86%, 108% and 98% higher than that of short fiber composite JSR.

and braided nature composite may find good alternate for impact related problems.

3.5 Impact properties of the composites The variation in the impact strength of the composite with respect to the nature of fiber reinforcement is given in Fig. 9. It is clear that the nature of reinforcement of fibers influences the impact properties of composites significantly. Woven fabric reinforcement increases the impact strength of the composite significantly compared to the typical short fiber reinforcement. Among the woven composites, braided yarn fabric composites JB and IPB have higher impact strength compared to conventional fabric composites. The impact strengths of JC, IPC, JB and IPB composites are 102%, 102%, 204% and 145% higher than that of short fiber composite JSR. Based on above discussion, it is found that the nature of yarn influences the mechanical properties of composites

Fig. 8 Influence of nature of reinforcement on the flexural properties of composites.

3.6 Surface morphology study Surface morphology studies on the fractured, flexural fractured and impact fractured test specimens are carried out using SEM images in order to understand the failure mechanism. Fig. 10a shows the fractured surface of the JC woven fiber composite under tensile load. It clearly shows that the failure occurs in the warp direction because of longitudinal load. This indicates uniform stress distribution in the warp direction also has good interfacial bonding between matrix and reinforcement material. This is the reason why matrix does not be damaged due to any crack. Fig. 10b also shows a similar trend in JB fabric composite. Fig. 10c and Fig. 10d show the tensile failures in the IPC and IPB composites. This indicates better adhesion between fiber and matrix. Due to this reason woven and braided composite gives higher mechanical properties. In the case short and random oriented composite, due to the non-uniform arrangement Flexural strength Flexural modulus

60

3.5 3.0 2.5

40

2.0 1.5 1.0

20

0.5 0

JC

IPC

JB IPB Composite

JSR

SRH

0.0

Impact strength 200

100

0

JC

IPC

JB IPB Composite

JSR

SRH

Fig. 9 Influence of nature of reinforcement on the impact strength of composites.


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incomparable strength between conventional jute yarn and banana yarn, IPC composite is not able to carry more loads and distribute stress uniformly. This is observed in the flexure fractured surface of IPC composite (Fig. 11c) in the form of damages near fiber yarn and matrix. Figs. 12a and 12b reveal that uniform stress distribution occurred between fiber and matrix. This can be attributed to higher cohesive forces between braided fabric and matrix as well as minimum interlace between fiber yarn in the warp and weft direction. This minimizes the stress between the gap between the yarns in the warp and weft direction and transfers stress uniformly throughout specimen. In the case of IPC composite, due to non-uniform stress distribution along warp and weft directions, the angle of twist influences the impact properties of composites. This evident from Fig. 12c shows that the non-uniform stress distribution leads to the damage near the fiber.

of fiber in the matrix, the stress is transferred in non-uniform way. This creates voids, poor adhesion between fiber and matrix due to agglomeration, increasing the interaction between fiber and matrix. It is evident from Figs. 10e and 10f. It shows that the voids formation and matrix damage in the JSR composite are due to the non-uniform distribution of short jute and banana fiber in the matrix. Fig. 11a shows the flexural fractured surface of JB composite and reveals that uniform stress distribution occurs between fiber and matrix. Due to this reason JB composite has higher flexural properties compared to other composites. Similar observation has also been observed in the flexure failed surface of the IPB composite (Fig. 11b). Due to uniform stress distribution between fiber and matrix and minimum interlace between fiber-matrix, uniform matrix surface is observed in flexure fractured surface of IPB composite. In the case jute-banana IPC woven fabric composite, due to (b)

(a)

(c)

Fiber-matrix interaction

Adhesion between fiber-matrix

Good fiber-matrix interfacial bonding

Fiber brackage 500 m

100 m (d)

(e)

(f) Voids

Matrix damage

Voids 500 m

100 m

100 m

Matrix damage due to fiber breakage

100 m

Fig. 10 Tensile fracture surface of different composites used in the study. (a) JC composite; (b) JB composite; (c) IPC composite; (d) IPB composite; (e) and (f) JSR composite.

Fig. 11 Flexural fracture surface of different composites used in the study. (a) JB composite; (b) IPB composite; (c) IPC composite.


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Fig. 12 Impact fracture surface of different composites used in the study. (a) JB composite; (b) IPB composite; (c) IPC composite. composites environmentally superior to glass fiber rein-

4 Conclusion The influence of nature of fiber yarn (conventional twisted straight yarn and braided yarn) and fiber yarn orientation on mechanical behavior such as tensile, flexural and impact properties have been investigated. Results reveals that braided yarn jute woven fabric enhances the mechanical properties of composite compared to conventional woven jute woven composite. Further, these jute braided woven fabric composite has been compared with the same weight percentage of short and random oriented jute composites. This reveals that the braided nature of natural fiber enhances the mechanical properties of composite compared to random oriented short fiber reinforced composite. Further, the nature of fiber yarn orientation has been analyzed on mechanical properties. For that, banana and jute yarns are oriented along the warp and weft direction for both conventional woven and braided composite. Results reveal that the braided nature of individual JB fabric composite enhances the mechanical properties of composite compared to IPB composites. It is due to the high elastic modulus and higher amount of jute fiber in the braided yarn fabric influence their properties.

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