World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering Vol:10, No:5, 2016
M Mechaanical Simullation with E Electriical annd D Dimennsionaal Testts for A AISHaa Conttainmeent Chhambeer F F. Noto, G. C Costa, L. Cellona, F. Chinnes, G. Ciavola, G. Cuttonne, S. Gammino, O. Leonnardi, S. Marlletta, G. Torrrisi
International Science Index, Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Vol:10, No:5, 2016 waset.org/Publication/10004488
Abstract—Att Istituto Nazionnale di Fisica N Nucleare – Labooratorio Naazionale del Suud (INFN-LNS)), a broad expeerience in the design, coonstruction and commissioningg of ECR and m microwave ion sources s is available. The AISHa ion souurce has been deesigned by taking into account the typiccal requirementts of hospital-bbased facilities, where me between faillures (MTBF) is a key thee minimization of the mean tim pooint together with the maintenaance operations, which should be fast annd easy. It is inttended to be a multipurpose ddevice, operating at 18 GH Hz, in order to achieve higherr plasma densitties. It should pprovide ennough versatilityy for future neeeds of the hadrron therapy, inccluding thee ability to runn at larger miccrowave powerr to produce diifferent species and highhly charged ionn beams. The source is poteentially intteresting for anny hadron theraapy facility usinng heavy ions. In this paaper, we analyzzed the dimensiional test and electrical e test abbout an innnovative solutioon for the conntainment cham mber that allowss us to solve our isolationn and structurall problems.
ECR RIS [2] (too coomplex and exxpensive). At the same timee, the elecctrical power to be installedd for its operration will be kept beloow 50 kW Thhis demand im mplies also thee simplificatioon of all aancillary systeems including an oven for m metallic ion beeams, whiich permits tthe productioon of new bbeams for haadron therrapy and for other o applicatiions [3], [4]. T The AISHa soource (Figg. 1) is fundeed within the framework oof the program m of Siciilian Governm ment named PO O FESR 20077-2013 and a pool of Sicilian S SME is associated w with INFN foor this project. The sourrce is potentiaally interestingg for any hadrron-therapy ceenter usinng heavy ions..
Keywords—FFEM Analysiss, ECR ion source, dieleectrical meeasurement.
D
I.INTR RODUCTION
b at URING the ‘90s, differeent ion sourcees have been built S, two for thhe production of highly chharged INFN-LNS heeavy ions to bbe acceleratedd by the K-8000 Supercondducting Cyyclotron [1], [[2]. All these improvementss will be evenn more remarkable if tthe proposal of the refurbishment of thhe 20yeears-old cyclottron will be fuunded: In that case, the dem mand of high brightnesss heavy ion bbeams will fuurther increasee of a factor 10 to 1000, in order tto support the future studies on doouble beta deccay. In the meantime, new projects havee been staarted: The A AISHa source for hadron ttherapy facilitties is deesigned for higgh brightness multiply charrged ion beam ms with high reliability, easy operatioons and mainttenance. AISH Ha has beeen designed tto meet the abbove cited requuirements by means off high field H He-free superrconducting m magnets, whiile the raadial confinem ment will bee provided bby a Halbach-type peermanent maggnet hexapole structure. Thhe source willl take prrofit of all the know-how accquired in the years by the INFNI LN NS ion sourcee team (Fig. 1). [1] The new AIS SHa source iss designed to be an interm mediate steep between thhe 2nd generation ECRIS (uunable to proviide the requested curreent and/or briightness) and the 3rd geneeration F. Noto is witth the Istituto N Nazionale Fisica Nucleare – Laaboratori Naazionali del Sud,, Catania, 951233 Italy (corresponnding author to provide phhone: +39 095 5422802; e-mail:
[email protected]. G. Costa, L. Cellona, F. Chines, G. G Cuttone, S. Gaammino, O. Leonnardi, S. Maarletta, G. Torriisi are with thee Istituto Nazionnale Fisica Nuccleare – Laaboratori Nazionaali del Sud, Cataniia, 95123 Italy G. Ciavola. is w with the CNAO Foundation, Straada Campeggi, 533, Pavia PV V, Italia.
International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 10(5) 2016
Fig. 1 AIS SHa layout
Fig. 2 ¼ AISHa Section layouut
II.SIMU ULATION A A.Mechanical D Development Inn order to minimize m thee maintenancee operations, the development of new source iinvolved some mechanical and struuctural improvvements with respect to siimilar devicess. In partticular, hereinnafter the optimization o of the hexaapole
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scholar.waset.org/1999.8/10004488
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering Vol:10, No:5, 2016
International Science Index, Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Vol:10, No:5, 2016 waset.org/Publication/10004488
coontainment chaamber. B. Use of CO OMSOL Multipphysics The Finite Element Method M approoximates a P Partial Diifferential Eqquations probllem with a ddiscretization of the orriginal problem m based on a mesh, which is a partition of the geeometry into small units of simple shape s called mesh eleements [3]. Thhe PDE methood looks for a solution in thee form off a piecewisee polynomiall function, each mesh ellement deefining the doomain for onee “piece” of itt. Such a pieccewise poolynomial funcction will be eexpressed as a linear combiination off a finite set off predefined baasis functions. Let us considder for exxample a 2-diimensional prroblem with a single depeendent vaariable p(x,y). We would likke to solve thiis problem bassed on am mesh with quuadratic trianguular elements [5]. The exprression “qquadratic elem ments” refers to the fact tthat on each mesh eleement the souught piecewisee polynomial ffunction p∗(x,yy) is at m most a quadratiic polynomiall [6]. In this ccase, the soluttion is exxpressed as: p x,y ≅ p * x
∑
∗ φi x,y
(1)
wheere i refers too a node of thhe mesh, pi aare the degreees of freeedom, φi(x,y) are the basiss functions and a n is the total num mber of nodess, under the assumption thaat each trianglle of the mesh possessses six nodess: three cornerr nodes and three t (x,y) has heree the midd-side nodes [7]. A basis function φi(x resttriction to be a polynomial oof degree at most m 2 such thaat its valuue is 1 at nodee i and 0 at alll other nodes [8]. The degreee of freeedom pi is thuss the value of p∗(x,y) at nodde i. The definnition of thhe basis functtion associatedd to each nodde of the meshh can be dderived using for example a general methhod introduceed by Silvvester in 1969 [9]. C C.Simulation C Cylinders of thhe Containmennt Chamber Made M of C Composite Material T The goal of ouur study was tto study deforrmation and stress s on tthe assembly.. Our assemblly (Fig. 2) is composed off two partts: Glass Fiberr (grey) and Carbon fiber tubbe (blue). W We used Solidd Mechanics module for oour simulationn: we assuumed some of o the domainns as free (bllue) (Fig. 3). We assuumed some off the domains as a fixed (blue)) (Fig. 4).
Fig. 2 G Geometry of the simulation
Fig. 4 Fixeed domains
Fig. 3 F Free domains
W We consideredd a pressure off 1,05 * 106 M MPa applied inn the inteernal surface (blue) ( (Fig. 5). We used a ddense mesh foor all dom mains (Fig. 6)). The simulaation gave uss these resultts: A
International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 10(5) 2016
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World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering Vol:10, No:5, 2016
International Science Index, Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Vol:10, No:5, 2016 waset.org/Publication/10004488
maximum valuee of deformattion of 0,3 m mm and a maxximum m vaalue of stress oof 8 MPa (Fig.. 7).
casees because theey were usuallly unnecessaryy; the dimensiional incoonsistencies caan be transferrred from the m mold to the ppiece, rareely these arise in the laminaation step of tthe mold. Throough to thhese measuress, the incidencce of dimensiional errors onn the finisshed product is negligible, and during thhe test at comppany therre were no succh cases. A A.Testing Comp mpany T The measurem ment campaignn radial was m made, one for each diffferent positionn under investiigation and alll the measuress had the precision of a tenth of a millimeter. The measurem ment cam mpaign has beeen satisfactoryy. After the coompany testingg we shippped the contaainment cham mber at new company c to innstall the tube in the yooke; this operattion was succeessful (Fig. 9).
Fig. 5 L Load applied
Figg. 8 Containmennt tube in yoke ttube Fig. 6 Messh of the model
Fig. 7 Resultss of the simulatiion
III.DIMENSSIONAL CHECK KS The dimensioonal inspectioon of models and molds hhas an im mportant impliication from eeconomical thee point of view w as it avvoids starting the production of manufacctured goods tthat do noot comply techhnical specificcations and w which would llead to the deviation oof the final pproduct, resullting in a waaste of m resourrces. In the analysis theyy had huuman and material freequent probleems reflectionn of the beam m due to thee high reflectance off the surfaces scanned. The dimennsional inspections of tthe built workkpieces are ddone only in sspecial
International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 10(5) 2016
B B.Dielectrical Test T The test of dielectric sttrength fixess the abilityy of withhstanding by an overvoltaage without producing p a field disccharge. This overvoltage ccan be causedd by lightninng or generated by a faault on the trannsmission linee energy. The m main objeective of thiss test is to verify v that thhe proceduress for buillding materiaals and insuulation distaances have been resppected. The test is oftenn performed by applyingg an alternating voltagge, but it is alsso possible to use a DC volttage. Thee device suitaable for this ttype of measuurement is thee dielecctrometer. Thee result is a voltage v value expressed inn kV, andd presents a more or lesss destructive levels of testing (quaality tests or maintenance). For this reason, the dieleectric test is run on new w equipment orr regenerated. The measurem ment of thhe insulation rresistance is not n consideredd destructive uunder norm mal test condiitions. It is perrformed applyying a DC voltage, low wer than the ddielectric test,, getting a reesult expresseed in Ressistance (kΩ, MΩ, GΩ, TΩ). This resistance vvalue expresses the quuality of insullation between two conducctive ments; its noon-destructive nature makkes it particuularly elem suitted for the coontrol of ageinng of the insuulators duringg the mal period off operation of an apparatus or of an electtrical norm insttallation. This measuremennt is performeed by a contrroller meter. insuulation also caalled megohmm C C.Test Pieces oof Dielectric SStrength T The set of thee electrical eqquipment (Figg. 8) must com mply
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World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering Vol:10, No:5, 2016
wiith the insulattion characteriistics to ensurre their operattion in m maximum safetty; in particulaar, the containnment tube, made m of coomposite mateerial, must be aable to withstaand a total of 440 kV.
[6]
[7]
International Science Index, Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Vol:10, No:5, 2016 waset.org/Publication/10004488
[8] [9]
Fig. 9 Measurement analysis
D.Principle of Measurem ment of Insullation and Factors F Aff ffecting It The measureement of the iinsulation ressistance is bassed on Ohhm's law. Byy applying a D DC voltage oof known valuue and lower than thatt of the dielecctric test, it measures m the ccurrent annd determiness the resistannce value. At the beginninng the insulation resisttance presents a very high vvalue but not innfinite annd then, with the measure of the weak ccurrent flowinng, the m megohmmeter indicates i the vvalue of the iinsulation resiistance wiith a result in kΩ, MΩ, GΩ, or for some m models, in TΩ Ω. This resistance valuue expresses the quality of the insuulation beetween two conductor ellements and provides a good indication of tthe possible risks of circculation of leeakage cuurrents. Whenn a constant voltage v is appplied to the circuit tessted, the meassurement of reesistance and the value of ccurrent arre affected byy some factorss as the temperature or hum midity that could produuce a change oof the measuree.
F. Noto et al, O Optimization of tthe Gas Flow in a GEM Chambeer and Development oof the GEM Fooil Stretcher. Nuuclear Technologgy & Radiation Prootection (20144) ISSN: 14451-3994 DOI: 10.2298/NTRP1140SS39N Felippa C.A., IIntroduction to Finite F Element M Methods, lecture notes, Department of aerospace enginneering sciences of the Universiity of Colorado, Bouldder, 2004. COMSOL Multiiphysics User’s G Guide v4.1, COMS SOL A B, 2010. Lewis R.W., Nithiarasu N P. & Seetharamu S K.N.,, Fundamentals of o the Finite Element M Method for Heat and Fluid Flow, New N York, John W Wiley & Sons, 2004.
ncesco Noto, 211/07/1975; Masteer degree in Meechanical Engineeering, Fran Cataania’s University, Italy. Inn 2003, he startedd to work at the IN NFN – Catania’s Section, as a felllow to the C CMS experiment at CERN in Geneeva. For this expeeriment has serveed as a mechhanical designer and subsequentlyy responsible for the mechanical ttesting expeeriment called "Coosmic Magnet Teest Challenge" at C CERN. In 2007 m moved to Alice experiment, w with a check for ttechnological research at the Univversity of Catania, serving ass head of the mecchanical integratioon EMCAL detecctor at RN. In 2009 he beegan to collaboratte with the experiment JLAB12 wiith the CER role of mechanical m mananger for the GEM particles tracker. t From 20012 he collaaborated with thhe experiment ICARUS and latter with the W WA104 expeeriment to CERN N in Geneva, wheere he served as a mechanical dessigner with a PJAS contractt at CERN. From m 2014 he was as mechanical mannanger desiggn for the experiiment AISHA at the LNS. From 2010, he served as an adjunnct professor for the Catania’s Unniversity, teachingg physics and matterials sciennce. He collaboratted with the ICCM M conference whhich is a member of the Scienntific Committee.. A Author of numerouus publications inncluding: F. Noto et al - Structural Mechhanics Optimizatiion of the AISH Ha Ion Source - Proceeedings of the Interrnational Confereence on Computaational Methods (Vol.2,, 2015) ISSN 23774-3948. F. Noto et al, O Optimization of The Gas Flow in A GEM Chamberr And Development Of O The GEM Foil Stretcher. Nuclear Technology & DOI: Radiation Prootection (20144) ISSN: 14451-3994 10.2298/NTRP1140SS39N F. Noto et al - Development of o membrane cryyostats for large liquid argon neutrino detectors, Procceedings CEC-IC CMC 2015-C1PooJ-01, Contribution ID: 303 Noto F. (2012). Observation of a new CMS Collaboraation, Including, N boson at a masss of 125 GeV with w the CMS exxperiment at the LHC. Physics Letters.. Section B, vol. 716; p. 30-61, ISSN: I 0370-26933, doi: 10.1016/j.physleetb.2012.08.021
IV.CO ONCLUSION In this paper we study a new n technical solution for a ECR coontainment chhamber. We aare simulated a glass fiberrs and caarbon fibers ttube with a FEM softwaare and the rresults shhowed the com mpatibility andd the strengthh of these matterials. Thhe electrical ppoint of view w is also very important annd this tecchnique is verry interesting. ACKNOW WLEDGMENT F. Noto and G. Costa thaank to REGLA ASS H.T. S.r.l. Via Caaduti di Cefaloonia, 4, Minerrbio Bologna IItaly. REFEERENCES [1]] [2]] [3]] [4]] [5]]
F. Noto et al., Structural Optim mization of the AIISHa Ion Source – ISBN: 978-0-99100001-8-0 ISSN: 23722-2215 S. Gammino eet al., Rev. Sci. Innstrum. 70,9 (19999), 3577 S. Gammino, G. Ciavola, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 71, 2 (2000), 631 F. Noto et al. - Structural Meechanics Optimizzation of the AIS SHa Ion Source - Proceedings of the Innternational Confeerence on Compuutational Methods (Voll.2, 2015) ISSN 23374-3948 L. Celona, et al. - A Compact Multiply Charged Ion Source for Hadron A, USA Therapy Facility - Proceedinggs of IPAC20155, Richmond, VA WEPWA031
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