All rooms not inspected? â« How many times BB introduced? â« Poor pest control. â Cost blowout: $400 to $40,000! â« Poor control = bed bug resurgence ...
Bed Bug Control: The Need for an Industry Standard Stephen L. Doggett Director
Department of Medical Entomology, NHP, Westmead Hospital, Westmead NSW 2145
Combating Bed Bugs in Australia Development of Industry Standard ‘Best Practice’ (CoP)
Education
Research
Why ‘Best Practice’
To stop & reverse the resurgence
Australian Bed Bug Treatments
Homes Hospitality
Backpackers
Wider Community: Cinemas, Hospitals, Disadvantaged
Bed Bugs – Why they’re back?
International travel Poor management Poor insecticides Poor knowledge
Resistance Mechanisms Review: Dang, Doggett, Chow-Yang Lee, et al. 2017. Parasites & Vectors
Cuticular:
Thickening, proteins
Metabolic:Esterases,
oxidases
Target Site Insensitivity (kdr) C. lectularius: V419L, L925I, I936F C. hemipterus: M918I, L1014F, L899V, D953G Mechanisms
synergistic?
Ad el Ar aide SA No m a rth dal br e V id IC Ri ge N p Da po SW rli nle n M gh a VI C o Su o ur rfe ne st N S rs e P Pa on W ds ra d V i M s el e # IC bo 1 ur QL n D M e# 1 ar VI sf i C e Su ld rry NS M W el Hills bo ur NSW ne Co #3 M tte VIC s el bo loe ur W A Ne ne w #5 ca VI C st l Re e N SW df So ern ut N Ap h Y SW ol arr lo a Ba VIC M el y# bo 2 u rn VIC M el e # bo ur 2 V IC n Ra e # nd 4 V Ab wic IC bo k N ts S Pa for W rra d N m SW Al atta ice N Sp SW rin gs NT
Cumulative % Mortality
C. lectularius Resistance Screening
100%
90%
80%
2.5g/L Deltamethrin
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Strain
David Lilly, PhD
So what does resistance mean for the PMP? No IPM = Treatment Failure!
Why ‘Best Practice’
To stop & reverse the resurgence
Minimize poor pest control
Bed Bug Control Disasters Case Study 1 The Pest Manager dragged an infested mattress through the house so that he could treat it outdoors. & would have left a trail of bugs behind…must be sealed first!
Bed Bug Control Disasters Case Study 2 The Pest Manager treated the mattress and carpet edge only. After two treatments (& despite failure) he refused to undertake any further treatments. A client pays for & expects total eradication, nothing less… Pest Managers should only take on a bed bug job if they can deliver eradication!
Bed Bug Control Disasters Case Study 3 The Pest Manager used permethrin dust along the carpet edge in a motel to control a bed bug infestation, bed bugs later seen on the dust. An ineffectual insecticide and did not check success of treatment…
Discourage Inappropriate Treatments
www.alibaba.com
What are the consequences of treatment failure?
Lessons:
Always inspect adjoining rooms
All rooms not inspected?
How many times BB introduced?
Poor pest control Cost blowout: $400 to $40,000!
Poor control = bed bug resurgence
Why ‘Best Practice’
To stop & reverse the resurgence
Minimize poor pest control
To reduce bed bug impacts: Health Financial
Health Impacts
Pathogens: no evidence
Skin reactions
Systemic reactions (& hospitalization) Minochi, Doggett, et al. (2017)
Anemia (blood loss)
Mental health impacts
Financial Impacts
Australia: $300million (2010)
USA: in 2016 - $US573.2 mill $US1billion per year by 2020
Germany: $140mill per year by 2026
Costs from: Pest control, medical costs, guests refunds, refurbishment, closed rooms, lost patronage, brand damage, litigation
Why ‘Best Practice’
To stop & reverse the resurgence
Minimize poor pest control
To reduce bed bug impacts: Health Financial (esp Hospitality sector)
Protection
Protection
Clients from bad pest control
Pest managers from bad clients
Protection from bad products
Climbup Insect Interceptor
Advantages: Based on historical methods Effective Cheap
Disadvantages: Maintenance required Obvious
But What is “Best Practice”?
“Best Practice”
Evidence of efficacy through: Publications (peer reviewed & not paid for by product manufacturer) Common practice Efficacy testing by the CoP WP
Need to understand the limitations!
Industry Standard
First developed 2005 AEPMA
Aims: Best practice Education IPM Reference
Free! www.bedbug.org.au
Evolving…
Australian Bed Bug Code of Practice
Required Philosophies
Eradication the only acceptable outcome
No ‘quick fix’ control. Failures due to: Poor inspections Poor control & no follow up Poor process management
Control: not just about spraying insecticides: IPM!
Cooperation is essential Between the pest manager & client
Has the CoP Helped?
Pest Managers: Fewer control failures reported Aided client communication Clients adhering to CoP, >>> success
Insecticide manufacturer:
IPM prolongs insecticide life
2016 Survey: BBs on the decline
IPM & Industry Standards Works!
Keeping “Best Practice” Up to Date
60
0 1912 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 1928 1930 1932 1934 1936 1938 1940 1942 1944 1946 1948 1950 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
Cimex Peer Reviewed Publications, 1912-2016
Bed Bug Publication Resurgence
50
2000-2016: 494
40
30
20
10
First academic text 50years 46 Chapters >60 Authors ~470 pages March 2018 www.wiley.com
ABMMBB: Parts
Bed Bugs Through History
The Global Resurgence
Impacts
Biology
Management
Control in Specific Situations
BBs & the Law
The Future
Chow-Yang Lee
Dini Miller
Questions?
