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MEDIEVAL AND EARLY MODERN SUBURBAN SITE IN TALLINN, TARTU ROAD 1: ARTEFACTS AND ECOFACTS ERKI RUSSOW, LEMBI LÕUGAS, LIINA MALDRE, SIRJE HIIE, KERSTI KIHNO, HEIDI LUIK and VILLU KADAKAS Tallinna Ülikool, Ajaloo Instituut (Tallinn University, Institute of History), Rüütli 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia KRISTA SARV Eesti Ajaloomuuseum (Estonian History Museum), Pirita tee 56, 10127 Tallinn, Estonia ULLA KADAKAS Muinsuskaitseamet (National Heritage Board), Uus 18, 10111 Tallinn, Estonia; [email protected] ANNELI KALM and MONIKA REPPO Agu EMS OÜ, Roosikrantsi 17, 10119 Tallinn, Estonia INTRODUCTION 1

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stone structures

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ARTEFACTS Pottery

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MedieVAl And eArlY Modern sUBUrBAn site in tAllinn, tArtU roAd 1

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Eulengefäss

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Fig. 1. 1. Selection of uncommon medieval and early modern period pottery finds. 1 – fragment of Langerwehe glazed whiteware horn, 2 – ceramic ‘button’ with a 15th c coat of arms, 3 – sherd of Cologne stoneware ‘Eulengefäss’, 4 – Portuguese faience, ca. 1635–1660. Jn 1. Valik erandlikke kesk- ja varauusaegseid keraamilisi leide. 1 – Langerwehe valge glasuurkeraamilise pasuna katke, 2 – 15. saj vapiga keraamiline “nupp”, 3 – Kölni kivikeraamika, katke öökullikujulisest (“Eulengefäss”) nõust, 4 – Portugali fajanss, u 1635–1660. (AI 7032: 1106/15, 1126/1, 475/9, 431/7.) Photo / Foto: Erki Russow light brown, reddish brown or gold/ helepruun, punakaspruun, kuldne dark blue to black/ tumesinine kuni must

light blue/ helesinine

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green/ heleroheline

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11 9

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16 15

17

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Fig. 2. Sherds of medieval tin-glazed ware. 1–14 – Valencian lustreware, 15–17 – possible sherds of 15th century Italian archaic maiolica. Jn 2. Keskaegse majoolika katked. 1–14 – Valencia säravapinnaline keraamika, 15–17 – oletatavad katked 15. sajandi Itaalia arhailisest majoolikast. (AI 7032: 1700/71, 1668/2, 445/3, 445/5, 1146/11, 743/5, 1623/35, 1308/9, 1102/4, 1180/19, 693/3–4, 1370/33, 519/19, 1444/4, 1703/54, 1623/34, 1647/96.) Drawing / Joonis: Kersti Siitan

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Table 1. Basic division of found pottery from the Tartu Road 1 site (without building ceramics). Tabel 1. Tartu mnt 1 kaevamistelt leitud keraamika üldine jaotus (v.a. ehituskeraamika). Composed by / Koostajad: Gert Pärnamäe, Ulla Kadakas, Erki Russow Number = century / sajand A/B = first or second half of the century / sajandi esimene või teine pool a, b, c, d = first, second, third or fourth quarter of the century / sajandi esimene, teine, kolmas või neljas veerand Timeline / Ajapiirid

Wares / Keraamikarühm

Count/ Arv 8 11

13B

14 19

13d14a

kohalik keskaegne keraamika 92 192 2

14 italian archaic maiolica / itaalia arhailine majoolika

3 89

1

4


Timeline / Ajapiirid

Wares / Keraamikarühm

Count/ Arv

2 122 42 310

Põhja-hollandi maalitud glasuurkeraamika 341

482

Valge glasuurita keraamika 18B20A 18B20A

1499 Porcelain / Portselan

18B19B

18A19A

203 4 1094

Total / Kokku

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Leather -

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Metal finds -


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Fig. 3. Leather shoe. Jn 3. Nahkjalats. (AI 7032: 1376.) Photo / Foto: Vahur Lõhmus

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Selection of medieval metal finds. 1 – button, 2 – stamped sheet disc, 3 – cloth seal (Bremen?), 4 – knife handle. Jn 4. Valik keskaegseid metall-leide. 1 – nööp, 2 – templijäljendiga ketas, 3 – tekstiiliplomm (Bremen?), 4 – noapea. (AI 7032: 1941/1, 1118, 1667, 1612/1.) Drawing / Joonis: Kersti Siitan

lübische

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Glass, bone and jet artefacts

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Fadenrippenbechers Krautstrunk drinking glasses and

Römer

Krautstrunk Maigelein

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Fig. 5. Selection of glass, bone and jet finds. 1 – fragments of glass beakers, 2 – decorated knucklebone, 3 – fork, 4–5 – jet beads. Jn 5. Valik klaasi-, luu- ja gagaadi-leide. 1 – klaaspeekri katked, 2 – ornamendiga veise varbalüli, 3 – kahvel, 4–5 – gagaadist helmed. (AI 7032: 1413/71–72, 1836, 1811/1, 1109/1, 1152/1.) Photo / Foto: Erki Russow, Sander Nittim Drawing / Joonis: Kersti Siitan


Alces alces

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ECOFACTS Mammals

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Table 2. Number of identified specimen by different stratigraphical units. Tabel 2. Määratud luufragmentide arv erinevate stratigraafiliste üksuste järgi. Composed by / Koostajad: Liina Maldre 14th – 15th cc 14.–15. saj Bos taurus cattle / Veis Ovis aries Capra hircus goat / kits Ovis / Capra

15th c 15. saj

13 11

2

Canis familiaris dog / koer Felis dom. cat / kass Sus ferus?

2

Total / Kokku

16th – 17th cc 16.–17. saj

Total / Kokku

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143

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44

228 18

Rattus sp. rat / rott Phocidae

16th c 16. saj

108

Sus dom. Pig / siga Equus caballus

Lepus sp.

15th – 16th cc 15.–16. saj

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1

1

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4 8

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1 1 188

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2930

1299

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L. europaeus

Lepus timidus

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16th century Bos Cap/Ov Sus 15-16th cc Bos Cap/Ov Sus 15th century Bos Cap/Ov Sus 14th-15th cc Bos Cap/Ov Sus 0%

10%

Proc. corn. Dentes

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Cranium

Ossa carpalia

Radius

Vertebrae

Scapula

Mandibula

Ossa tarsalia

Ulna

Sternum

Humerus

Os metapodiale

Tibia

Costae

Pelvis

Os metatarsale

Fibula

Femur

Patella Fig. 6. Anatomical representation of bones. Jn 6. Luude anatoomiline struktuur. Compiled by / Koostanud: Liina Maldre

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Fish ca.

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under / lest

Fig. 7. Relative partition of fish species in the material based on identified specimen. Jn 7. Kalaliikide suhteline jaotus materjalis määratud luude põhjal. Compiled by / Koostanud: Lembi Lõugas

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Fig. 8. Relative abundance of cranial and body bones of selected fish species. Jn 8. Kala kolju- ja kereluude hulk. Compiled by / Koostanud: Lembi Lõugas


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Fig. 9. Two right cleithral bones of the cod found from Tartu Rd 1 material. They were cut in half while removing the head. Jn 9. Kaks tursa parema rinnauime toeseluud (Cleithrum) Tartu mnt 1 materjalist. Need on lõigatud pooleks pea eemaldamise käigus. Photo / Foto: Lembi Lõugas

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Plant macrofossils

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ca. ca. Fig. 10. Medieval and early modern period layers in the south-western part of the excavation area. The interface between medieval and early modern layers is marked with a red line; on top of the organic rich soil layers there are remains of a building from the late 17th c. Archaeo-botanical samples were taken from the profile section marked with white. Jn 10. Keskaegsete ja varauusaegsete pinnasekihtide lasumine kaevamisala edelaosas. Keskaegsete ja varauusaegsete pinnasekihtide vahepind on märgitud punase joonega; orgaanikarikaste pinnasekihtide peal on 17. saj lõpul rajatud hoone jäänused. Arheobotaanilised proovid võeti valgega märgitud profiilipostist. Photo / Foto: Ulla Kadakas

Papaver somniferum Fagopyrum esculentum

dia

Carex

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Ficus carica

Chenopodium album and C. rubrum Urtica dioica and U. urens Stellaria meHyoscyamus niger Brassica rapa

laris palustris

taurea cyanus

Juncus

PedicuCen-

Agrostemma githago

Cannabis sativa Anethum graveolens Pisum sativum

Cucumis sativus Vaccinium myrtillus


Vaccinium vitis-idaea Oxycoccus palustris Fragaria vesca

Rubus idaeus Corylus avellana

Palynological material

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3

Lycopodium marker

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Pinus Apiaceae

Betula

Alnus

Cyperaceae

Picea Filipendula Melampyrum

Artemisia, Solidago, Saussurea, Centaure scabiosa and Convolvolus arvensis Centaurea cyanus Fagopyrun Cannabis

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Polygonum aviculare

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CONCLUDING REMARKS

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and also the research grant of Estonian Science Foundation ETF9405. The study of

also like to thank several colleagues for the support and feedback: Gert Pärnamäe (Agu tuguese faience. We appreciate the efforts of Kersti Siitan for making the illustrations of

erki rUssow et al.

REFERENCES

Berglund, B. E. & Ralska-Jasiewiczowa, M. 1986.

Casimiro, T. M. 2011. Portuguese Faience in BAR International Series 2301 Deagan, K. 2002. Egan, G. 2001.

Muller, H. 1991. Nurk, R., Kadakas, V. & Toos, G. 2012.

Orton, D., Makowiecki, D., de Roo, T., Johnstone, C., Harland, J., Jonsson, L., Heinrich, D., Bødker-Enghoff, I., Lõugas, L., Van Neer, W., Ervynck, A., Hufthammer, A. K., Amundsen, C., Jones, A. K. G., Locker, A., Hamilton-Dyer, S., MacKenzie, B., Richards, M., O’Connell, T. C. & Barrett, J. 2011.

Egan, G. 2005. Material culture in london in an MoLAS monograph, 19 Goubitz, O., Driel-Murray, C & Groenman-van Waateringe, W. 2001. Grimm, E. 1992. Grönwald, H. 2010.

Gutiérrez, A. 2000.

BAR British Series 306. Holmqvist-Saukkonen, E., Väisänen, R. & Koivisto, A. 2013.

Pierce, E. 2013. Pokrovskaja, I. 1950. Russow, E. 2006. Russow, E. 2007.

Aevi Finlandiae, 12 Sarv, K. 2004.

Archaeologia Medii

, 14 Stockmarr, J. 1971. Taavitsainen, J.-P. 2003.

Hurst, J. G., Neal, D. S. & van Beuningen, H. J. E. 1986. Rotterdam Papers, VI. Kadakas, V., Nurk, R., Püüa, G., Toos, G., Lõugas, L., Hiie, S. & Kihno, K. 2010. rescue

Archaeologia Medii Aevii Finlandiae, Unger, I. 2007. Stadtmuseums

Publikationen des Kölnischen

KESK- JA VARAUUSAEGNE EESLINNALINE ASUSTUS TALLINNAS, TARTU MNT 1 KINNISTUL: ARTE- JA ÖKOFAKTID Erki Russow, Lembi Lõugas, Liina Maldre, Sirje Hiie, Kersti Kihno, Krista Sarv, Heidi Luik, Villu Kadakas, Ulla Kadakas, Anneli Kalm ja Monika Reppo keraamika

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ka nahaleidude

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kaalukaima osa metall-leidudest stilett klaasikollektsioon Krautstrunk

luuesemete

Fadenrippenbecher,

gagaadist Loomaluude

kalaluude

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Taimejäänuste

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ka õietolmu

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