Meeting of the Great Rivers National Scenic Byway Interpretive Plan

Meeting of the Great Rivers National Scenic Byway Interpretive Plan Hartford, Wood River, Alton, Godfrey, Elsah, Grafton Final Plan June 30, 2010

chap t er 1

|

i n t r o du c t i o n

1

Table of Contents

MGRNSB Interpretive Plan Chapter 1:

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 2 • Purpose • Mission • Goals • The Planning Process

Chapter 2: Visitor Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 10 Chapter 3: Visitor Experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 16 • Evaluation of Existing Conditions • Recommendations Chapter 4:

New Byway Themes & Tour Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 22 • The Tour Experience • Themes and Subthemes • Mapping the Tour

Chapter 5: Byway Interpretive Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 27 • Telling the Stories Along the Byway • Future Stages Chapter 6: The Byway Tour Design Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 72 • The Byway Design Program • The Byway Signage System Chapter 7: Appendix:

Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 79 • Market Research Study • Corridor Management Plan • Design Guidelines • Interpretive Analysis, Visitor Experience, & Wayfinding Audit • Byway Database of Interpretive Resources • Research Bibliography • Scripts for AV Programs & Podcasts

tab le o f co n t en t s

1

Introduction ch a p t er

1

Purpose of an Interpretive Plan An interpretive plan helps forge intellectual, emotional and behavioral connections between visitors and the resources of natural, cultural and historical sites. A plan does this by creating a thoughtful, well-conceived system of interpretive elements that includes maps, signs, trails and displays. These elements deliver the Byway’s messages while creating a richer visitor experience. A good interpretive plan does more than instruct people about the natural, historical and cultural resources they are seeing. It engages and provokes them and instills an appreciation and connection to the site and all that it has to offer. To accomplish this, planning consultants expand the visitor goals beyond basic educational messages. They address what visitors want from their visit, their experience during the visit, and what they take home with them. Another outcome of a good interpretive plan is providing visitors with an enjoyable, multi-age experience that keeps them coming back and compels them to recommend the site to others. This creates long-lasting community support for – and pride in – the site.

Considerations for The Meeting of the Great Rivers National Scenic Byway The Meeting of the Great Rivers National Scenic Byway Interpretive Plan (MGRNSB) creates a “story” for the byway, one that is unique and meaningful in its delivery and its messages. Travelers will have an enriched experience as they travel along the route as they learn about the area’s deep historical, cultural, ecological and scenic beauty. But how do you communicate the great number of resources and stories that can be told at the numerous sites along the byway without overwhelming the traveler to the point that valuable information is not retained? And how do you communicate the way to navigate the route to see the sites and what the opportunities there are? How do you provide a way for the traveler to see a site and understand that this site is part of the 33-mile route of the MGRNS Byway? How do you encourage a traveler to stop? The purpose of this interpretive plan is to provide solutions to these questions.

2

chap t er 1

|


Introduction

Interpretive Mission To generate a thematic storyline along the 33-mile Meeting of the Great Rivers National Scenic Byway that links its many communities and natural sites, providing an interpretive system that brands, markets and informs travelers about the vast historical, cultural and environmental stories and attracts regional and national visitors.

Interpretive Goal To offer the stories of the many natural and historical sites along the Meeting of the Great Rivers National Scenic Byway in an easily accessible way. To encourage an appreciation of the confluence of the great rivers: its rich history, the ecological significance and beauty of the riverlands and the river’s role in shaping the future of the region and its inhabitants.

chap t er 1

|


3

Introduction

The Planning Process It is important to point out that this interpretive plan is the result of true collaboration between all the stakeholders along the byway including each community, visitor center, and interpretive site and anyone who expressed interest in being involved. This plan could not be accomplished without their mutual respect and cooperation with each other to provide us with the input that we need to create a plan that will benefit everyone to enhance the value of tourism.

The Planning Team The Byway Council Bobbie Amburg, Grafton Deanna Barnes, Hartford Alan Gilmore, Jersey County Melissa Hendricks, IDOT Annie Hoagland, Madison County Darrell McGibany, Madison County Mike McCormick, Godfrey John Pero, Jersey County James Ryan, Alton Brett Stawar, Madison County Jerry Taetz, Elsah Fred Ufert, Wood River Interpretive Site Team Members Suzanne Halbrook . . . . . Alton Regional Convention & Visitors Bureau Brett Stawar . . . . . . . . Alton Regional Convention & Visitors Bureau Deanna Barnes . . . . . . . Confluence Tower for Lewis and Clark Expedition Brad Winn . . . . . . . . . Lewis and Clark State Historic Site Dr. Patty Hagen . . . . . . Missouri Audubon Patrick McGinnis . . . . . The Horinko Group Scott Isringhausen . . . . . Pere Marquette State Park Pam Warford . . . . . . . Pere Marquette State Park Phil Manhart . . . . . . . . River’s Project: US Army Corps of Engineers Kim Rea . . . . . . . . . . River’s Project: US Army Corps of Engineers John Mabery . . . . . . . . Two Rivers: US Fish and Wildlife Curt McCurl . . . . . . . . Two Rivers: US Fish and Wildlife

4

chap t er 1

|


Introduction

Regional Leaders/Advisors Karen Baker-Brncic . . . . Alton Marina/Riverfront Park Charlene Gill . . . . . . . . Alton Museum of History and Art Dale Hagen . . . . . . . . . Calhoun Community Foundation Mary Pirkl . . . . . . . . . Center for American Archeology Rose Tomlinsen . . . . . . Chautauqua Tim Tomlinsen . . . . . . . Chautauqua Phil Roggio . . . . . . . . . City of Alton (Development) Brad Cunningham . . . . . City of Alton (Parks & Recreation) Bobbie Amburg . . . . . . City of Grafton Tom Thompson, Mayor . City of Grafton Fred Ufert, Mayor . . . . . City of Wood River Judy Hoffman . . . . . . . Godfrey Sue Weber . . . . . . . . . Godfrey Alley Ringhaunsen . . . . Great Rivers Land Trust Michelle Berg Voegel . . . McCully Heritage Project Darrell McGibany . . . . . MGRNS Byway Isaac Chapman . . . . . . National Great Rivers Research and Education Center John Chick . . . . . . . . . National Great Rivers Research and Education Center Marcia Lochman . . . . . . National Great Rivers Research and Education Center Tim Booth . . . . . . . . . The Principia Dr. Johnathan Palmer . . . The Principia Brenda Hoven . . . . . . . Riverview Park Lynn Schreiber, Mayor . . Village of Elsah Mike McCormick . . . . . Village of Godfrey Linda Hoffman . . . . . . Wood River Museum Interpretive Design Team Therese McKee . . . . . . Signature Design Geralyn Abinador . . . . . Signature Design Tia Dennis . . . . . . . . . Signature Design Russell Huffman . . . . . . Signature Design Jef Ebers . . . . . . . . . . Signature Design Liz Sullivan . . . . . . . . Signature Design Corinne McAfee . . . . . . Signature Design

chap t er 1

|


5

Introduction

The Planning Process The Interpretive Plan for the Meeting of the Great Rivers National Scenic Byway (MGRNS Byway) is the first step in developing a comprehensive approach to interpretation of the many natural, historical and recreation sites along the MGRNS Byway. The plan offers a marketing, branding and wayfinding program that will integrate the many historical, natural and recreational centers along the MGRNS Byway. Organized into central themes, interpretive stories are told along the 33-mile-long route at each site that are unique and interesting to attract visitors to visit and explore. Signature Design began working for the Meeting of the Great Rivers National Scenic Byway in June, 2008 with a contract to produce an interpretive analysis, visitor experience, and wayfinding audit. Findings of the audit resulted in uncovering needs for additional work to provide a comprehensive long range interpretive plan for the future of the byway. This current contract and scope of work fulfills the missing components of the interpretive plan for the Meeting of the Great Rivers National Scenic Byway. The planning process began in October 2009 and completed April 30, 2010. Signature Design developed a project approach that includes frequent coordination and contact with the byway council committee and the planning team. Our approach included regularly scheduled full team meetings, development of detailed meeting minutes and meeting presentation documents distributed to each of the planning team members, holding of one public meeting, and presentations at two byway council meetings.

6

chap t er 1

|


Introduction

Project Kick-off Meeting A meeting was held on October 27, 2009 with invitation to all members of the planning team. The meeting was well attended with one or more representatives from each community, visitor center, museum, or site along the stretch of the byway. Signature Design presented an overview of the interpretive planning process and explained the phases that will occur in the planning process. In addition to introductions of each of the team members Signature Design asked for each representative to speak about what they felt is important for visitors to see, do and learn about at their site along the byway. They were asked about the resources that were available for information and contact names. This was the beginning of the information gathering phase necessary for an understanding of what resources should be interpreted at each site. Interpretive Team Meetings At key phases of the project, approximately once a month, progress meetings were held with the interpretive team. All members in the planning team list were invited. Meetings were well attended and the planning team provided support and direction for Signature Design in as we continued to advance the development of the program. It was helpful to have the group’s help to ensure we were representing all members and their communities and sites along the byway. As new communities or sites became known, new members joined the team. Each meeting resulted in key decision-making for the phases listed below. Meetings were held on October 27, 2009, November 9, 2009, December 18, 2009, and February 26, 2010. Byway Council Meetings Two meetings were held to inform the byway council of our progress, on February 9, 2010 and final plan submittal meeting on April 29, 2010. Public Meeting A public meeting was held on March 18, 2010 at the National Great Rivers Museum. Attendance was more than 50 and comments in general were positive. Critical comments mostly expressed concern regarding the colors used in the byway signage. The design team modified the color system for the signage based on these comments.

chap t er 1

|


7

Introduction

The Project Phases: Research and Information Gathering: Project Database of Interpretive Resources Signature Design performed a comprehensive review of available materials for each site. The intent for this effort grew to include not just needs relating to the development of the interpretive plan, but also to create a database of information to be used for the development of interactive opportunities along the byway in the future. The process included the following: • Meetings and/or teleconferences with key representatives at each interpretive site to review a list of resources to be interpreted and what resources were available • On-site gathering of content and resources from stakeholders and content specialists along the byway • Other related research through libraries and internet resources • Development of a project database. A dedicated external drive was structured to organize the research and resources gathered according to each byway site. Theming the Byway After establishing the mission, goals and resources for the byway, the next step was to create a program of “storylines”. This program of storylines provides an over-arching, unifying structure for the byway brand and interpretive themes. To achieve this, the design team organized the independent stories from the byway into interpretive themes and messages, developed primary and sub-themes; and from the themes and sub-themes, generated the MGRNS Byway “storylines”.

8

chap t er 1

|


Introduction

Strategy and Structure of the Interpretive Program Telling the Story along the MGRNS Byway Using the program of “storylines” the project team determined a structure for the interpretive program. Storylines were strategically dispersed along the 33-mile route tour, in the website & communications tools, and in the wayfinding system. Wayfinding and Mapping To help the travelers easily and understandably navigate along the MGRNS Byway, the design created a strategy and program to help the visitor navigate to the byway sites. A byway tour was developed into a system of “stops”. To aid the navigation and understanding of the tour, a byway map was developed. The map information was limited to only what was necessary to aid navigation to and along the byway. The Interpretive Tour Based on the visitor experience and wayfinding audit, the design team saw the need to provide a signage system to create “flags” and visual queue to identify that the visitor has arrived at a stop. Additionally the audit uncovered the need to provide wayfinding to the sites. As design concepts developed a system of signage for site markers, directional signs, kiosk signs, community signs, and highway signs. Branding the Byway To create a unifying look for the MGRNS Byway, the project team developed concepts for branding to provide a unique visual identity. Concepts for the brand included use of materials, typography, color, and graphic elements. This process resulted in a new brand and logo for the byway.

chap t er 1

|


9

Visitor Profile ch a p t er

2

Survey of the Byway Travelers Thousands of visitors travel to the byway every season of the year. To help focus on the byway traveler demographics and psychographics, the byway contracted with North Star Destination Strategies to best determine the visitor profile for the byway. During this process, both those who inquired about information about the byway, as well as those who actually stayed overnight in the byway region were profiled. The records used in the profiles are outlined below. The Inquiry Profile: • Over 7,000 records compiled and provided to North Star by the Alton Regional CVB. The Overnight Visitor Profile: • Comfort Inn (9,000 records) • Beall Mansion (5,400 records) • Tara Point Inn (850 records) • Pere Marquette Lodge (1,800 records) The following is an executive summary of North Star’s results: 1. Where did those inquiries and actual overnight visitors physically originate?

To p S tat e s fo r Ov er n i g h t V isi to r s

1. Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.9% 2. Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.6% 3. Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6% 4. Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9% 5. Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8%

10

chap t er 2

| V isi to r Pr o fi le

Visitor Profile

Comparison of the Top 10 Core Based Statistical Areas of Origin

i n q u i ry pr o fi l e Ov er n i g h t v isi to r pr o fi l e

1. St. Louis, MO-IL (42%) St. Louis, MO-IL (39.2%) 2. Chicago-Naperville, IL (12.7%) Chicago-Naperville, IL (8.4%) 3. Springfield, IL (2%) Springfield, IL (3.5%) 4. Peoria, IL (1.6%)

Peoria, IL (2.1%)

5. Kansas City, MO-KS (1.4%)

Kansas City, MO-KS (1.9%)

6. Indianapolis-Carmel, IN (1%) Decatur, IL (1.1%) 7. Decatur, IL (1%) Indianapolis-Carmel, IN (1.1%) 8. Bloomington-Normal, IL (.8%) Champaign-Urbana, IL (1.1%) 9. Champaign-Urbana, IL (.8%)

Jacksonville, IL (.8%)

10. Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN (.7%) Davenport-Moline-Rock Isld., IA-IL (.7%)

Observations: • The almost identical top ten Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSA) between the inquiry and overnight visitor profiles indicates a good conversion rate. Those who are inquiring about byway region, tend to be actually visiting. • People are inquiring about the byway region in the Bloomington- Normal and Cincinnati CBSAs, but it does not appear as if they are frequently spending the night in the byway region. • People from Jacksonville and Davenport are already staying in byway regional hotels and might be a tourism market to target in the future.

chap t er 2


11

Visitor Profile

2). W hat are the lifestyles, lifestages and buying preferences of those who inquired and stayed overnight in the region? Note: The profiling system that North Star employed to give lifestyle, lifestage and buying preferences of consumer records is called Community Tapestry. For more information on the Tapestry system, and for more detailed descriptions on the specific Segments listed below, please refer to the Final BrandPrint Report in the appendix of this interpretive plan and http://www.esri. com/library/brochures/pdfs/community-tapestry-handbook.pdf.s.

Lifestyles & Lifestages of Visitors: The Tapestry segmentation system breaks down consumer records into one of 65 Segments. The first Segment is the most affluent and the 65th is the least affluent. Below you will find a chart that compares the top ten segments for both the inquiry and overnight visitor profiles. Top Ten Consumer Segments

i n q u i r i e s Ov er n i g h t v isi to r s

1. 32 Rustbelt Traditions (7.6%)

32 Rustbelt Traditions (8.1%)

2. 18 Cozy and Comfortable (6.4%)

17 Green Acres (5.7%)

3. 17 Green Acres (5.9%)

18 Cozy and Comfortable (4.9%)

4. 29 Rustbelt Retirees (4.8%)

25 Salt of the Earth (4.8%)

5. 25 Salt of the Earth (4.5%)

29 Rustbelt Retirees (4.8%)

6. 33 Midlife Junction (4.5%)

33 Midlife Junction (4.6%)

7. 6 Sophisticated Squires (4.3%)

50 Heartland Communities (4%)

8. 26 Midland Crowd (3.7%)

6 Sophisticated Squires (3.8%)

9. 50 Heartland Communities (3.7%)

12 Up and Coming Familes (3.7%)

10. 12 Up and Coming Familes (3.5%)

26 Midland Crowd (3.2%)

Observations: • It is incredibly rare to see a region’s Inquiry set match exactly with the overnight visitor records. This indicates that the byway is doing a great job not only sparking interest into the region, but also converting these inquiries into dollars generated. • While not represented in the chart above, the inquiry and overnight visitor records overlap with the resident profile in all but four tapestry segments. This means that the area is attracting people similar to the resident population.

12

chap t er 2


Visitor Profile

Top Five Visitor Overnight Profiles: Rustbelt Traditions (8.1%): Backbone of older industrial cities typically in states bordering the Great Lakes. The median age is 36 years and the median HHI is $44,000. Most have lived, worked and played in the area for years. They prefer to stick to products that they know. They own boots, gloves, lawn mowers, etc. for the maintenance of their homes and lawn. Favorite leisure activities include bowling and fishing. Watching television is a common pastime, and their favorite programs to watch are sports broadcasts. Green Acres (5.7%): Married couples with and without children. Median age is 39 and median HHI is over $61,000. A little bit country, these residents live in pastoral settings of developing suburban fringe areas. Most own two or more vehicles in addition to lawn or garden tractors. Interested in home improvement, gardening, motorcycles, hunting and hiking. Cozy and Comfortable (4.9%): Young, affluent families with small children; own new single-family homes. 65% have attended college. Median age is < 32 and median HHI is $67,000. Fast food is a staple in the family diet. Leisure includes attending ball games, going to the zoo, etc. If these families travel, they only do so domestically. Since many are first time homeowners, they still purchase household basics. Families are starting or expanding so they purchase baby equipment, toys, etc. Salt of the Earth (4.8%): Married couples with and without children, this segment is one of the least diverse. The median age is 39.8 and the median HHI is $47,000. These residents live in rural areas and are rooted in their traditional hardworking lifestyles. Independent and practical, they enjoy home improvement and do their own car maintenance. They participate in fundraising, veteran‘s clubs, and church. They enjoy fishing and hunting and have pets, usually dogs. Rustbelt Retirees (4.8%): The median age is 43.4 and the median HHI is $46,200. About 40% of households draw Social Security benefits. These residents are settled and hardworking as well as loyal to their communities. They take pride in their homes and gardens and watch their pennies, looking for discounts. They love pets, reading the paper, and watching TV.

chap t er 2


13

Visitor Profile

It should be important to note that as the resident, inquiry and overnight profiles were compared, there were four segments that are unique only to the inquiry and overnight visitor. They are outlined below as key visitor markets that are unlike local byway residents: • Salt of the Earth: Married couples with and without children, this segment is one of the least diverse. The median age is 39.8 and the median HHI is $47,000. These residents live in rural areas and are rooted in their traditional, hardworking lifestyles. Independent and practical, they enjoy home improvement and do their own car maintenance. They participate in fundraising, veteran’s clubs and church. They enjoy fishing and hunting and have pets, usually dogs. • Sophisticated Squire: Enjoy cultured country living in newer home developments on the fringe of urbanized areas. Mostly married-couple families; approximately 40% have children varying in age from toddler to over 18 years. Median age is 37 and median HHI is $79,000. Sophisticated Squires drive SUV’s and Minivan’s. Cargo space is essential for the avid golfers and for Do-It-Yourself projects. Very health conscious; many own treadmills, join Weight Watchers, or take dietary supplements. They own all their own tools and supplies to complete lawn and household projects. Sophisticated Squires shop at suburban classics such as L.L. Bean, Lands’ End and Eddie Bauer. • Up and Coming Families: Young, affluent families with small children; own new single-family homes. 65% have attended college. Median age is < 32 and median HHI $67,000. Fast food is a staple in the family diet. Leisure includes attending ball games, going to the zoo, etc. If these families travel, they only do so domestically. Since many are first time homeowners, they still purchase household basics. Up and Coming Families are starting or expanding their families so they purchase baby equipment, toys, etc. • Midland Crowd: Largest market with nearly 4% of the US population. Majority in married-couple families, half with children and half without. Median age is 36 years and median HHI is $47,000. Rural location and traditional lifestyle fuels their do-it-yourself attitude when it comes to taking care of homes and vehicles. A Chevrolet or Ford truck is the vehicle of choice. High demand for children’s products. Very high TV viewership of NASCAR, fishing programs and CMT. Politically conservative; devoted pet lovers; domestic travelers; and dependent on fast-food, cell phones and the internet. Commonalities: People in these four segments tend to be wealthier than byway regional residents. They share a love for the outdoors and mainly travel domestically. The common lifestage is child rearing and with most having kids or preparing to, proximity to their home plays a significant role in their travel decisions.

14

chap t er 2


Visitor Profile

Conclusions: With the byway region attracting a large portion of visitors that are much like the resident base, the following byway region demographic snapshot portrays a general scenario for the typical traveler to the byway region:

By way r e si d en t/ v i si to r d e m o g r aph i c s

Average Age 39

Average Household Income $54,000

• From the origin study it is apparent that a majority of visitors are originating from Illinois or nearby Missouri, indicating that a large portion of trips to the area are either day trips or weekend getaways. • This study clearly highlights positive conversion of inquiries into overnight visitors which shines brightly on the efforts of the Alton Regional CVB and its marketing efforts of the byway.

chap t er 2


15

Visitor Experience ch a p t er

3

Evaluation of Existing Byway Experiences Phase One of the byway interpretive plan included an evaluation of the visitor experience of interpretation and wayfinding along the 33-mile route. Findings in the course of generating the audit resulted in suggestions for improved interpretation, branding, wayfinding, and mapping. Below are excerpts from the audit document. The entire audit with specific recommendations is included in the appendix of this plan.

Interpretive Analysis, Visitor Experience, Wayfinding Audit 6.30.2009

Overview of the Byway The distinct Meeting of the Great Rivers National Scenic Byway encompasses a 33-mile stretch along the Mississippi River. Following the confluence with the Missouri and Illinois rivers with the Mississippi, the route touches upon important historical sites, rich and diverse environmental areas, and areas with recreation, shopping and entertainment opportunities. Visitors may explore the region, tailoring their visit to particular interests, while learning about the rich history and natural areas here. The website offers numerous resources, including an audio tour and downloadable brochure. Additional interpretive materials and guides are available at visitor centers along the route.

Overall Visitor Experience The success of each visitor experience varies along the route. The quality of the materials and maintenance varies from very new, high quality interpretive signs to kiosks that are in poor condition and need upgrading both in content and design. The interpretive information varies in presentation along the byway, leaping from site-specific topics to broad overview topics. Lacking is a clear relationship and a ‘umbrella’ storyline to connect the MGRNS Byway kiosks and all other interpretive sites and signs. A well-developed interpretive plan, improved signage and clear branding could increase the attractiveness and effectiveness of the program. The website offers several tools to plan a vacation to the MGRNS Byway that can be enhanced to provide increased opportunities to a broader range of visitors.

16

chap t er 3

|

v isi to r e xper i en ce

Visitor Experience

Overview of the Interpretive Experience Here is the assortment of styles for kiosks and interpretive signs, monument sign, and wayfinding and branding ID

chap t er 3

|


17

Visitor Experience

Overview of Existing Interpretive Elements STOP 16 STOP 15 STOP 14 STOP 13 G RAFT ON

STOP 12

STOP 10

Stop 2 Interpretation to come

Stop 11 Byways Kiosk • t wo interpretive signs

• i nterpretive exhibits Lock and Dam Tour • i nterpretive tour Picnic Shelter • t wo interpretive signs Trail Rest Stop • t wo interpretive signs Welcome Sign • t wo sided interpretive sign Exterior Interpretation • four interpretive signs

STOP 9

STOP 8 GODFR E Y

STOP 6 STOP 5 STOP

Stop 9 Village Entrance • no signage

Stop 3 Museum

STOP 11

STOP 7

Stop 1 Visitor Center • i nterpretive exhibits Camp Du Bois Cabins • one interpretive sign Confluence Viewing Site • one interpretive sign

Stop 4 Teal Pond Kiosk • no interpretive signs Trailhead Kiosk • t wo interpretive signs Viewing Deck • four interpretive signs Stop 5 Visitor Center • i nterpretive exhibits Byways Kiosk • t wo interpretive signs

4

STOP 3

Stop 6 State Historical Sign • monument sign

STOP 2

Stop 7 Byways Kiosk • t wo interpretive signs

STOP 1

Stop 8 Kiosk • four interpretive signs

18

chap t er 3

|


Stop 10 Visitor Center • no interpretive exhibits

Stop 12 Memorial Cross Kiosk • one interpretive sign Stop 13 Byways Kiosk • t wo interpretive signs Stop 14 Swan Lake Access Kiosk • four interpretive signs Visitor Center • four interpretive signs Tallgrass Prairie Garden • three interpretive signs Viewing Blind • three interpretive signs Stop 15 Kiosks (Qty 2) • four interpretive signs Stop 16 Visitor Center • interpretive exhibits • t wo interpretive signs Lodge exterior • Statue (no interpretive sign) • t wo interpretive signs Hiking Trails • t wo trail map signs • one trail sign Eagle Roost Overlook • one interpretive sign

Visitor Experience

Wayfinding Review Wayfinding is a particular issue along the route. Aside from the initial welcome sign, there is no clear indication along the route that sites are part of the MGRNS Byway. In addition, directional signs preceding a site were not posted early enough to give a traveler adequate warning, causing many U-turns. Creating a numbering system for the MGRNS Byway sites along the route might resolve many branding and wayfinding issues. This system would correspond to a touring map, webcasts and any other relevant brochures. A well planned signage system could indicate byway attractions to include items like direction signs or stop markers. This results in clear directions for the traveler and connects all the sites under the MGRNS Byway’s umbrella.

Note: The monument sign is an attractive feature that could be mimicked in other ways to provide wayshowing branding along the Byway.

chap t er 3

|


19

Visitor Experience

Piasa Creek

GODFREY

Clifton Terrace Rest Stop

ELSAH

GRAFTON

Visitors Center

Mississippi River

WOOD RIVER

ALTON

Piasa Park

Visitors Center Alton Riverfront

Grafton Riverfront

Clark Bridge Missouri River

Illinois River

Riverlands Migratory Bird Sanctuary

HARTFORD Lock & Dam No. 26

National Great Rivers Museum

Route 100: The Great River Road Vadalabene Bike Trail Confluence Bike Trail

The map in current use by the byway, along with the accompanying audio tour and existing signage make the assumption that visitors start at Hartford and work their way north. Possibly this is where many of the visitors originate, if coming from St. Louis. However, visitors may come from any direction and enter the byway at any point. Though we cannot anticipate every option, it might be helpful in designing a wayfinding system to assume a number of entry points to the byway: from St. Louis along Route 3, from the northwest along Route 100, and Route 67 coming from the north or south (also from St. Louis). Each of these entry points would have: • A welcome sign to The Meeting of the Great Rivers National Scenic Byway • An indication as to where along the route the visitor will be entering possibly via a map or citing the site number they are coming to • Directions to the nearest site with information A clear map could be posted at each byway kiosk (and others if possible) indicating which stop it is, where it is along the route, and mileage from major points.

20

chap t er 3

|


Visitor Experience

Recommendations Findings in the course of generating the audit resulted in suggestions for improved interpretation, branding, wayfinding, and mapping. Work performed in this plan through the new tour provides solutions to many of the suggestions presented in the actual audit. More in-depth changes will be discussed as part of the tour strategy and design program. A few of the wayfinding and website considerations addressed as part of this initial audit are outlined below:

Wayfinding • Plan carefully for additional wayfinding signs to help the visitor know about the attractions.

• Create a numbering system for the byway sites and a re-designed byway map.

• Work with local, state and federal land managers to address needed updates on existing interpretation.

Website • Add additional search options to search by “City”. Once in “Alton” all information about what to do there can be made available (no need to go back and track by other categories).

• Add an interactive map – allow information to pop-up about a site when it is scrolled-over.

• Add interpretive “stops” to the interactive map and interpretive storylines at each stop (use numbering and brand system).

• The redesign of the website should mirror the on-the-road experience of the tourist, using the same branding and numbering system as created as part of this plan.

• Link to more in-depth stories about the tour and stops along the byway.

• Consider adding a color-coding system that relate to each of the main themes.

Good examples of these website experiences can be found at the Colonial Williamsburg, Appalachian Trail, The Oregon Trail and the New York City Visitor Center.

chap t er 3

|


21

New Byway Themes & Tour Strategy ch a p t er

4

The Tour Experience The byway stories create a unique and memorable experience for the visitors. These stories are told at each of the byway sites. t h e By way si t e s

1. Lewis & Clark State Historic Site 2. Lewis & Clark Confluence Tower 3. Wood River 4a. National Great Rivers Research and Education Center 4b. National Great Rivers Museum and Melvin Price Lock and Dam No. 26 5. Riverlands Migratory Bird Sanctuary 6. Alton Riverfront 7. Alton Visitor Center 8. Riverview Park 9. Piasa Park 10. Great Rivers Park, Hoffman Gardens 11. Clifton Terrace 12. Elsah and Principia 13. Chautauqua 14. Grafton 15. Pere Marquette Cross 16. Brussels Ferry 17. Two Rivers National Wildlife Refuge 18. Pere Marquette Visitor Center and State Park

22

chap t er 4

|

n e w By way t h em e s & to ur s t r at egy

New Byway Themes & Tour Strategy

Strategy for Mapping the Byway The byway map is a wayfinding system to help visitors traveling along the byway to plan their journey and navigate the way. A number of byway sites are difficult to find. For instance, this map will help travelers know when to expect and plan for the unique opportunity to ride the Brussels Ferry across the Illinois River to see Two Rivers National Wildlife Refuge. The map and the byway tour system will attract visitors this wildlife refuge and guide the way.

chap t er 4

|


23


Telling the Stories Along the Byway

Structure of the Interpretive Program Along the Tour, on the Website and in Wayfinding The Byway Storylines: Introduction Just as the mighty rivers join here, stories of nature, history and community come together along the MGRNS Byway to create their own powerful convergence. While each story is fascinating in its own right, each is also inseparable from the others as we move toward a future that intertwines the destiny of nature and humanity. By telling the stories along the byway, we create metaphors that connect us to nature and each other as powerfully as the confluence joins the waters of the great rivers. The visitor is drawn first by the majesty and beauty of the setting. We create opportunities for them to dive deeply into that beauty – to find new scenic views, discover wildlife and understand how the rhythm of the river supports wildlife as well as our lives; which brings the visitor to history - how since time immemorial, humans have been drawn to the rivers for spirit and survival. Byway visitors experience a journey that encompasses time as well as distance as they explore the history of the region. The visitor is beckoned to reach back into prehistory, touch on Native American stories, join the fight to free the slaves and then move forward to explore the growth of river-dependent industry. Then the visitor moves forward to explore the river in the light of the present day how everything about human relationships to the river changes as society comes to understand the value of a healthy waterway and works to ensure the river’s health and sustainability. Thus the visitor experience comes full circle from the beauty of nature; through history, culture and industry; and finally, back to nature and its preservation. Every stop along the byway will contribute to a greater understanding of the rich history and natural beauty found here. This approach to discovering the byway develops along three main themes: The Nature of the Confluence, Currents of History and The Confluence of People and the Rivers. Each theme will be explored at every stop with the specific geography, culture and history of each individual location, guiding how much emphasis is placed on each theme. Some stories will appear under multiple themes, creating the opportunity to better appreciate the vast and intimate connections between nature, humanity and history, thus creating a rich, deep visitor experience.

24

chap t er 4

|



The Themes The Nature of the Confluence explores the formation of the area’s gorgeous vistas, the ecosystems along the river and how we as humans relate to the river. Currents of History flow from the period preceding Lewis and Clark’s historic journey to the present day. Subsets of this theme include Native Americans, Marquette and Joliet, early settlers, the growth of industry, the history of the communities along the byway, the Underground Railroad, the Civil War, the Great Depression and the Civilian Conservation Corps, and the growing understanding for the need to conserve the river and its ecosystems for future generations. The Confluence of People and the Rivers introduces myriad opportunities for recreation and appreciation of the byway that comprise the visitor’s own unique confluence with the rivers. It also showcases the unique qualities of our river communities that make them such inviting destinations to people throughout the region and even the world.

Themes and Subthemes The Nature of the Confluence Formation • Geological History • What is a confluence and how is it formed • Formation of the Bluffs • How the River has Changed Over Time The Life of the River • Early Life • Seasonal Changes • Inhabitants of the Watershed • The Mississippi Flyway The People and the River • Our On-going Relationship to and Dependence upon the River • State of the Health of the River • Need for Clean Water Sources • Conservation Efforts Today

Currents of History Early History • Prehistoric Times • Native Americans • Early Explorers

The Confluence of People and the River River Communities Today • The Culture of the Communities • Agriculture, Industry and Trade • Navigating the River

Opening the West • Lewis and Clark • River Transportation • Early Industry The Civil War to Conservation and Preservation • Pre-Civil War, Civil War, Post-Civil War • Industrial Growth • The Depression • The growth of conservation efforts

Arts, Architecture and Entertainment • Architecture • Art and Music • Shopping • Festivals and Events Enjoying the Byway Today • Bike Trail • Hiking Trails • Enjoying the River • Bird Watching

The Future of the River • Sanctuary and Preserves • Creating Long-term Management Plans • Education • Sustainable Future • Green Recreation chap t er 4

|


25


26

chap t er 4

|


Telling the Stories Along the Byway ch a p t er

5

Structure of the Byway Tour The byway tour presents a program of storylines that are strategically dispersed along the 33-mile-long route. The tour includes 18 site stops. The central themes that were established in the overall vision for the byway interpretive plan are being carried throughout each stop – creating a unified, cohesive approach to the overall byway experience. The title of the theme that is being discussed will appear on each stop sign, which will: reinforce the interconnection among stops and identify the story being told. Also, understanding that some visitors may only go to one or two stops at the most, the overall thematic storyline will reach everyone. At each stop, one theme will be dominant, while the other two will be subthemes. The information differs for each site according to the interpretive stories that are relevant to the site. The order of the themes will differ at each stop. This is to emphasize that one of the themes more strongly applies to that particular site. For example, in Site No. 1 Lewis and Clark State Historic Site: Theme “Currents of History” states the central theme that applies – that Stop being of historical significance. In comparison at Site No. 4 Riverlands Migratory Bird Sanctuary the theme would be: “The Nature of the Confluence.” The first paragraph at each stop presents an overview of the interpretive stories at that site. Below that are paragraphs along with bullet-points for each of the central themes, providing a deeper level of detail. You will see the three central themes repeat at each site. The Three Central Themes are: • T he Nature of the Confluence • Currents of History • Confluence of People and the Rivers

chap t er 5

|

t elli n g t h e s to r i e s alo n g t h e By way

27


Stop No. 1

Lewis And Clark State Historic Site Reliving History

History comes alive at the Lewis and Clark State Historic Site. Situated across from the confluence of the Mississippi and Missouri rivers, this is the point from which Lewis and Clark launched their great Voyage of Discovery. Here, at Camp River Dubois, the often-overlooked story unfolds of the months of preparation and training by the Corps of Discovery. Visitors relive history as they explore the cramped quarters of the reconstructed camp, stroll along the full-scale replica of the keelboat and participate in activities such as testing to be a Corps member. Nearby, at the Confluence Viewing Site, the visitor stands in the shoes of Lewis and Clark, surveying the merging of two great rivers, full of hope before beginning their journey westward. Currents of History The journey of Lewis and Clark is one of the great American adventure stories. The journey’s history began here on December 12, 1803 with a hard winter preparation and training at Camp River Dubois. On May 14, 1804, the famed keelboat launched, fully stocked with Native American trade goods, scientific instruments, blank journals to record flora and fauna, as well as tools, weapons, gunpowder, medical supplies and food enough to last for two years. Thirty-three men and Seaman, Lewis’s heroic black dog, were aboard. This number included men whose names would become legend. President Thomas Jefferson’s directive was to find “the most direct and practicable water communication across this continent for the purposes of commerce.” The members of the expedition were also to document the flora and fauna of the territory and to act as ambassadors to the Native Americans.

28

chap t er 5

|



Before the Corps of Discovery, others came - from the first Native Americans crossing the Bering Land Bridge to the French and Spanish, who sought to lay their own claims to the rich resources of this place. Dream of Opening the West • Earlier travelers • Jefferson’s dream of expanding the nation • Ambassadors to the Native Americans Expedition Preparations • T he winter at Camp River Dubois • Supplies • Training Setting Off • Keel boat • Members of the crew • First days Nature of the Confluence Much of the natural environment has changed since Lewis and Clark began their journey over 200 years ago. The confluence of the Missouri and Mississippi was in a different location then. The Wood River, where Camp River Dubois was located, no longer exists. The flora and fauna that were so painstakingly recorded by Meriwether Lewis at the behest of Thomas Jefferson have also changed. The Nature of the Confluence explores this natural history and the world as it appeared to Lewis and Clark. It also explores the scientific significance of their recordings. Natural History of the Confluence • How and why the confluence changed over time • Recorded natural resources along the river by Lewis and Clark Confluence of People and the Rivers From the 55-foot scale keelboat replica to the re-creation of Camp River Dubois, the 14,000 square foot Lewis & Clark State Historic Site makes it possible for today’s visitor to grasp the significance of the confluence and Lewis and Clark’s journey through rich, varied experiences. To stand at the confluence, the launching point of the Corps of Discovery expedition, only heightens the impression that this history is alive. Discovering the Lewis & Clark Story • Exploring Camp River Dubois • Confluence Viewing Site • Visit the Museum chap t er 5

|


29


Stop No. 2

Lewis & Clark Confluence Tower Gateway to the Byway

The Lewis & Clark Confluence Tower stands at the departure point for the expedition often called “The Great Journey West” over 200 years ago. The Tower is located in the village of Hartford. In addition to commemorating Lewis and Clark’s historic expedition, the Tower serves as a majestic and inspiring place for visitors to begin their own journey of discovery along the MGRNS Byway. The visitor to the Tower is greeted by breathtaking panoramic views of the confluence of the Mississippi and Missouri rivers as well as the surrounding natural landscapes, communities and area landmarks. Exhibits, interpretive signage and an interactive map display at the Welcome Center encourage visitors to learn and experience more of the many facets of the Byway. Brochures and maps pave the way for an unforgettable journey. The two-sided design of the Tower symbolizes the convergence of the Mississippi and Missouri rivers. At the same time, the design acts as a metaphor to capture the essence of spirit and determination that motivated Lewis and Clark. Finally, like the Gateway Arch for St. Louis, the Tower stands as a landmark for the Village of Hartford and the entire Byway region. Hartford’s downtown and the vast landscape of oil refineries that are so much a part of its history can be seen from the Tower platforms. Confluence of People and the Rivers In the Meeting of the Great Rivers National Scenic Byway Mission, one of the directives is to “provide travelers with a unique river experience.” The 180foot Tower offers the visitor a magnificent view along with a look at the full range of opportunities to explore the region. The Byway itself offers a variety of experiences to enchant every visitor, from taking a fall drive to witness the leaves change colors to walking, biking and hiking trails in pristine natural ecosystems; and on to exploring the culturally, historically and architecturally rich sites and landmarks. Visitors to the Tower can learn all about these opportunities. Also, as the symbolic Gateway to the Meeting of the Great Rivers National Scenic Byway, the Tower has its own fascinating story to tell about origins and architecture. Finally, the Tower speaks of the changing nature of the nearby community of Hartford.

30

chap t er 5

|



Exploring the Region • Overview of Byway communities • Regional sites and landmarks • Birding and wildlife viewing • Regional bike trails Village of Hartford • Tower view of Hartford • Evolving from a rail, river, road and commercial oriented community The Tower as an Icon of the Confluence • Significance of the Tower design • How the Tower was constructed A New Byway • Designation of the Meeting of the Great Rivers National Scenic Byway • Natural and Scenic Qualities • Historic and Cultural Qualities • Archeological Qualities • Recreational Qualities Nature of the Confluence The 180-foot Lewis and Clark Confluence Tower offers the visitor the opportunity to experience the rivers from three vantage points. Views from the highest platform include the confluence of the Missouri and Mississippi rivers along with natural and manmade landmarks that attest to the importance of the rivers to all their inhabitants. The confluence is part of a river system that reaches north to the Great Lakes and west to the Rockies before finally pouring into the Gulf of Mexico. As such, it shapes and reshapes the environment in its huge watershed. Everything from the area’s geography to the plants and animals that occupy it are affected. Flooding and manmade changes, as well as more gradual shifts in course, affect the development and strategies of all the region’s inhabitants - including people. The whole watershed is itself the product of millions of years of geological events, including flooding by ancient seas and the advance and retreat of glaciers in the Ice Age. This process of transformation is ongoing today.

chap t er 5

|


31


View from the Tower • Regional landscape and environment • The Gateway Arch • Downtown St. Louis • Hartford Oil Refineries Geographical and Ecological Significance of the Area • Local ecosystems and their inhabitants • Ice Age • The Rivers through the seasons • Dynamic nature of the river • How the river shapes the region Currents of History Like Lewis and Clark and the early European occupants of the towns along the Byway, Native Americans were drawn to settle here for the abundant natural resources and the opportunities for trade and transportation the rivers provided. The land the Tower overlooks was the once the site of a thriving Native American community. Traders, trappers and squatters were the first European residents. In the 1900s, the development of industry and the coming of the refineries turned the area into a bustling economic engine for the region. The history of the village of Hartford is emblematic of the way in which many of the small towns along the river evolved from farming to industry. Of course, in considering the rivers’ history, one has to explore the launch of the Corps of Discovery, the inspiration for the Tower itself. Early History • Native American’s great waterway • Early explorers and traders Opening the West • Launching point for Lewis and Clark • Settling the western territories • Early settlement of byway communities

32

chap t er 5

|



Stop No. 3 Wood River

River, Industry, and Change The popularity of the automobile changed the face of the nation and, in turn, the face of Wood River. In 1907, the opening of the Standard Oil Refinery flooded the area with workers. From a few scattered farmhouses, Wood River rapidly became one of the fastest growing communities in the country. By the 1920s, housing was desperately needed. Standard Oil purchased Sears and Roebuck catalog homes, which can still be seen today throughout the community. The refineries have had a tremendous influence in the development and evolution of Wood River. Currents of History The river that ran by Lewis and Clark’s famed Camp River Dubois has long since dried up, but the town that takes its name from that river still survives. A century after the launch of the Corps of Discovery, in 1907, Standard Oil came to town, bringing industry and change to what had been a quiet agricultural hamlet. In 1917, the city of Wood River was incorporated, annexing Benbow City, an Old West place of saloons, gambling and brothels. By 1920, Wood River was one of the fastest-growing towns in the country. The Sears and Roebuck catalog homes Standard Oil ordered to accommodate the flood of workers still stand, a reminder of a bygone era of prosperity and progress. Prior to the coming of the refinery, Native American relations left their mark on Wood River. In 1814, a woman and six children were brutally attacked and mortally wounded by Native Americans in an ambush that is known as the Wood River Massacre. The victims are buried in the cemetery in Wood River.

chap t er 5

|


33


Origins • Early Settlements • Annexed Benbow City, which was a rough town with saloons and gambling • Early Wood River Family Wiped Out in Massacre • Civil War Boom Town • Early economy • Establishment of Standard Oil Refinery • Growth of industrial center and community due to refineries Confluence of People and the Rivers Wood River is a town that remembers and appreciates its history and invites the visitor to share in it. The Wood River Museum and Visitor’s Center houses exhibits about the Wood River Massacre of 1814, the Flood of 1915 and the impact of the refineries on the community. The Vaughn Cemetery on Illinois Route 111 is among the centuries-old cemeteries that testify to the rich history of the region. Back in town, the Sears and Roebuck catalog homes are a reminder of the growth that industry brought to the area, while friendly cafes and shops offer respite for the traveler. The Changing Rivers • Why is Wood River no longer there? • Flood of 1915 • Change in the location of the Missouri & Mississippi Rivers

34

chap t er 5

|



Stop No. 4

National Great Rivers Museum and Melvin Price Locks and Dam No. 26 and The National Great Rivers Research and Education Center (NGRREC) Understanding the River

The National Great Rivers Museum is an invaluable link in the Byway experience. As one of the river projects managed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, its mission is to educate the public about its inextricable relationship to the river. In addition to the many exhibits in the museum, local and international visitors can tour the Melvin Price Locks and Dam and walk the surrounding areas. Here on full display is the ecological richness and importance of the Mississippi, the history of the commercialization of the river and the people and cultures who have depended on it. The area between the confluences of these three rivers creates a relatively unstudied yet significant ecosystem. Officials of the University of Illinois and Lewis & Clark Community College began planning the development of the National Great Rivers Research and Education Center to explore important questions about the rivers, the environment and the impact on the communities. It also plays an important role in educating the public about the need to protect and restore this rich environment. The building itself features green construction and landscaping with native plant species, presenting an additional opportunity for educating the public on the importance of sustainability in every aspect of our lives. After leaving this complex, the visitor possesses a deepened appreciation of how important the health of the river is to the environment and our own survival. Confluence of People and the Rivers The triumvirate of the Museum, the Locks and Dam and the National Great Rivers Research and Education Center (NGRREC) offers the visitor a unique perspective on the human effort needed to conserve, maintain and balance the use of this region’s invaluable resources. The view from the eight-storyhigh parapet of the Locks and Dam reveals the majesty of the Mississippi. The opportunity to tour the facility and watch the river traffic pass through the locks demonstrates the interlocking nature of the fortunes of man and the river. Inside the museum, through a variety of interactive experiences and media, the visitor learns about the natural and man-made history of the river. Visitors will also gain an understanding of how the fate of the river affects the ecosystem, the economy and our lives today. The visitor leaves the NGRREC with a greater understanding of how scientists, educators and citizens are joining forces to further understand and protect the ecosystem.

chap t er 5

|


35


Protecting the River • How individuals can conserve this important resource • The NGRREC presents educational programs for the public - RiverWatch Citizen Scientist Program - RiverWatch Discovery Program - High School & College educational programs Nature of the Confluence As the largest river system in the United States, the watershed of the Mississippi extends through 31 states and two Canadian provinces with a basin covering thousands of miles. The Missouri-Mississippi River basin has the third largest drainage area in the world, smaller only than the Amazon River basin in South America and the Congo River basin in Africa. The vantage of this location lets the visitor take in the entire landscape of the river’s significance from its formation to the present day. Its impact on geology, plants, wildlife and humans, from the first Native Americans to today’s citizens cannot be understated. As we understand the importance of the river, we become engaged in the efforts that are necessary to sustain its ecology and economic vitality for the benefit of future generations of all life. Mechanics of the River • How the river was formed • Constantly changing river • Erosion and soil

36

chap t er 5

|



The Mississippi’s Ecological Significance • Native plants, birds and fish • Low impact recreation • Impact of water use both commercial and residential Unique Environment of the Watershed • Threats to the health of the rivers • Watershed and river management strategies • Impact of industry on the health of the river Collaborative Research at NGRREC • Overview of NGRREC • Features of the facility and green construction • Goals of the environmental river research projects • Combining the study of social, biological and physical aspects of water issues Currents of History From ancient Indian burial mounds to the architecture of the towns to the physical structure of the Melvin Price Locks and Dam, the evidence of the river’s importance is everywhere. Since ancient times it has functioned as a means of transportation, a source of food and a facilitator of commerce and trade. People, wildlife and industry far beyond its banks depend on the river today as they have for millennia. History is being created in the efforts to preserve the beauty and vitality of its associated ecosystems while sustaining the trade and commerce so vital to residents of the area and beyond. The River Shaping Lives • Early peoples’ dependence on the river • First settlers: resources, commerce and trade • Refineries spark industrial growth The Mississippi Highway • Mississippi waterway is the first highway in the region • Trade and commerce through time: canoes through vessels • Locks and Dam opening the river even more

chap t er 5

|


37


Stop No. 5 The Riverlands Migratory Bird Sanctuary

Connecting with Wildlife

The Riverlands Migratory Bird Sanctuary offers visitors the opportunity to connect with the hundreds of species of fish, birds and wildlife that populate this vital, threatened ecosystem. The sites within the sanctuary include Ellis Bay, Teal Pond, the Native Prairie Restoration Project and a 300-acre prairie-marsh complex. As ‘working’ rivers, the Mississippi, Missouri and Illinois rivers directly influenced the economic growth of this part of the country. The sanctuary helps meet the challenge of sustaining the rivers as a national transportation corridor, while maintaining its ecological health and integrity for future generations. Adjacent to the Melvin Price Locks and Dam, native prairies and wetlands have been restored using the rivers’ natural mechanics. As an important location along the Mississippi Flyway, visitors can view an abundant array of waterfowl, shorebirds and raptors. Along the hiking paths, natural history is experienced through the restored prairies and freshwater marshes that once covered the region. Visitors learn firsthand the importance of balancing man’s disturbances with protecting and restoring natural habitat. They see that the health of the ecosystem directly affects the health of life around it, including human life, and they learn how they can play a role in maintaining that health. Nature of the Confluence Tracing the Mississippi’s course all the way from Canada to destinations as far away as South America, a myriad of bird species depend on the Mississippi Flyway for navigation and resting spots along their journey. The Byway area is an important part of the Flyway, providing rest and safe harbor for all types of birds from the American Bald Eagle to the tiny ruby-throated hummingbird. The river habitat and surrounding ecosystems have a global impact on the health of bird populations. In addition, many species of wildlife and plants are dependent on the varied ecosystems represented in the sanctuary, from prairie to wetlands. Today, people are an integral part of the story of nature, as diverse groups come together to preserve the ecosystems of the river. Scientists, educators, citizens, businesses and governmental agencies like the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers are coming together to find ways to work with the natural processes of the river to restore and maintain these vital habitats. The Riverlands Migratory Bird Sanctuary is a key piece in these efforts.

38

chap t er 5

|



Riverlands as Part of a Larger Ecosystem • Audubon Important Birding Area • Part of the Mississippi Flyway • Wetlands, marshes and prairies • Species of birds, fish and wildlife Restoring, Protecting and Maintaining • Using the river for habitat restoration • Native prairie restoration, marshes and wetlands • Creating a balance between a working river and surrounding natural environments Confluence of People and the Rivers The Riverlands Migratory Bird Sanctuary’s designation by the National Audubon Society as an Important Bird Area underscores its significance as a point along the Mississippi Flyway. In addition to its role of protection and shelter, the 3,700 acre sanctuary offers sights and sounds year-round to delight every visitor from the seasoned bird watcher to a child on a school field trip. In addition to the many species of birds that can be spotted from the trails and viewing stops around the sanctuary, there are spectacular views of the river and abundant wildlife. Every year, almost 2,000 bald eagles migrate to winter on the Middle Mississippi. Working with the natural processes of the river, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has undertaken the restoration of multiple ecosystems for the visitor to explore. For further education, the John Madson Memorial Library and the Environmental Learning Facility offer resources and opportunities to supplement the Riverlands Migratory Bird Sanctuary Trail tour. Education • Wildlife, migratory bird and waterfowl viewing • Plants and fish of the river ecosystem • Programs at the Sanctuary • Riverlands Migratory Bird Sanctuary Orientation Center Exploration • Ellis Bay; Teal and Heron Pond • Native Prairie Restoration Project • Fresh water marshes

chap t er 5

|


39


Currents of History The history of man’s relationship with the river has ranged from exploration to industrialization to protection and conservation. The Riverlands Migratory Bird Sanctuary is an important example of the new and still evolving era of conservation that has come about as we realize the importance of river ecosystems and the necessity to conserve for future generations. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers plays an important role in this evolution, and nowhere is their contribution more apparent than here. Riverlands Migratory Bird Sanctuary • Environmental Demonstration Area established in 1998 • 3700-acre Sanctuary, 1200-acre prairie restoration project • Mission of the Sanctuary The Working River & Sanctuary Today • Loss of habitat • Restoration and return of wildlife

40

chap t er 5

|



Stop No. 6

Alton Riverfront

Culture and Entertainment at the Riverside Standing in Alton’s Riverfront Park, you can almost imagine the steamboats plying the Mississippi River. Here, the townspeople gathered to watch steamboat races and enjoy the view. Rufus Easton, Alton’s founder, understood that this location had the potential to become an industrial center. Flour mills, quarries, brick making and pottery making flourished and all relied on the Mississippi River. In town, you’re welcome to partake in a variety of cultural and art events, browse the shops of Alton’s Antique Row, or find refreshment at one of the many long-established restaurants and nightlife spots. Alton remains one of America’s great river towns with a multitude of opportunities for the visitor to engage in history, contemplate the beauty of nature and relax. Confluence of People and the Rivers Alton’s Riverfront Park is the perfect place to contemplate the beauty of the river. Almost 200 years ago, town founder Rufus Easton decreed that the “riverside be dedicated to ‘commons’ for the people’s use without hindrance.” For the visitor today, this forethought means that Alton maintains a beautiful and welcoming riverfront for visitors to enjoy, despite its success as a town where industry thrived. Riverfront Park features a marina, river walk, bike trail, amphitheater and other attractions. Riverfront Park Attractions • Amphitheatre • River walk and bike trail • Marina chap t er 5

|


41


Out and About • Shopping • Restaurants • Nightlife Currents of History In 1803, the Louisiana Purchase opened the area to settlers. In 1815, Rufus Easton bought land and started a town, which he named Alton, in honor of his son. In 1818, he had four log cabins built on Broadway between Piasa and Market Streets. With its proximity to the joining of the Illinois, Missouri and Mississippi rivers, founder Rufus Easton envisioned Alton as a city to rival and even surpass St. Louis. Indeed, Alton became an economically important base of commerce and industry as well as an important transfer point for river steamboat traffic, with steamboat races to entertain her citizens and visitors. History of Alton • Story of Rufus Easton • Steamboat Era • Historic brick-paved streets and buildings • Early commerce and industry: quarries, brick works and railroad center Nature of the Confluence In 1993, much of the current-day Riverfront Park in Alton was under water. The size and impact of the Great Flood of 1993 was unprecedented and is considered the most costly and devastating flood to ravage the U.S. in modern history. One of the reasons for the damage of the flood was the loss of wetlands and other river ecosystems that once absorbed much of the river overflow. The effects of the flood continue to be felt to this day as reconstruction continues along with dialog about how to repair and protect important river ecosystems as well as the towns and cities that depend on the river. The Natural History of Floods • What the bluffs say about flooding • Cleansing of the river through flooding • The Mississippi watershed • Historic floods in the region The Great Flood of 1993 • 1993 flood statistics: crests, volume of water • Damage specific to Alton and other byway communities • Heroic efforts to contain the damage 42

chap t er 5

|



Stop No. 7

Alton

The Quintessential River Town As the great rivers come together, so many streams of our nation’s history come together in Alton for the visitor to explore. Among the historic attractions Alton offers are the Alton Museum of History and Art; a statue of Robert Wadlow - the World’s Tallest Man; Lovejoy Monument, Lincoln-Douglas Square, Alton Prison; and the Confederate Monument. Around the city, monuments, museums, antique shops, art galleries, fine dining restaurants and cozy cafes further enrich the experience. Quaint bed and breakfast inns invite the visitor to tarry. Alton is also a cultural center offering theatre, symphony and other music, including regular outdoor concerts at city parks in the summer. Today, Alton remains one of America’s great river towns with a multitude of opportunities for the visitor to engage history, contemplate the beauty of nature and relax in the present. Currents of History As a free state bordering the slave state of Missouri, Alton was also at the confluence of many of the forces that shaped the nation in the years before and after the Civil War. The city was an important point on the Underground Railroad. Lincoln and Douglas held the last of their famous senatorial debates here. Throughout the city, landmarks, monuments and museums commemorate this rich history. Pre- Civil War • Underground Railroad • Elijah P Lovejoy • Lincoln/Douglas Debates Civil War • Free vs. Slave State • Confederate prison • Lyman Trumbull, author of the 13th Amendment

chap t er 5

|



Confluence of People and the Rivers With three districts on the National Register of Historic Places, the visitor to Alton’s streets takes a stroll through history. The brick-paved streets and historic buildings with their widows’ walks for viewing the steamboat races testify to the thriving commerce and budding culture that characterized the river in the 1800s. Watermarks from the flood of 1993 and the striking architecture of the Clark Bridge bear witness to history in the making in the modern era. Around the city, there are multiple opportunities for enrichment, discovery and just plain enjoyment. A Character of Its Own • Three historical districts on the National Register of Historic Places • Robert Pershing Wadlow, the world’s tallest documented man • Clark Bridge Center for Culture and Arts • Museums & Galleries • Amphitheater • Live theater & the Arts Nature of the Confluence Extending from Alton to the mouth of the Kaskaskia River, the floodplain of the Mississippi River is also called the “American Bottoms”. This area, where the bluffs give way to flat lands, offers easy access to the river. It has always attracted people from the first Native Americans to the present. Today, levees and drainage canals have been constructed in an attempt to ward off flood damage. Large stretches have been converted to farmland and industry. While marshes, oxbows and bottomland forest segments remain, they are fragmented and vulnerable to encroachment. Awareness of the ecological significance of the area has been growing, as have efforts at restoring and protecting the river ecosystems that are so important. American Bottoms • Overview of the American Bottoms • Mississippi Floodplain that begins in Alton • Levee protection • Degradation due to development and deforestation

44

chap t er 5

|



Stop No. 8

Riverview Park

A Park with a View Sitting atop the magnificent bluffs in Alton is Riverview Park. The park, with its steep steps, sunken garden and Victorian bandstand, is on the National Register of Historic Places. It also features flower gardens, natural areas and a gazebo, the site of many weddings. The park also boasts a stunning view of the Mississippi River and is a recreation and cultural site for the community. Riverview Park sits in the center of the Christian Hill District, also on the National Register of Historic Places. On the bluffs overlooking the Mississippi River, Christian Hill was developed from the 1830s to 1910. Mostly antebellum Victorian houses line the streets with the occasional older federal styled exception. Once dominated by the prison and flour mills below, many of the foundations and retaining walls are built of limestone from the prison ruins. Later, the neighborhood was anchored by the Old Cathedral with its towering spires. Home to community founders and leaders in business, society and politics, Christian Hill played an important role in Alton’s history. Currents of History Alton has a long and fascinating history that includes the Lincoln Douglas debates, freedom seekers on the Underground Railroad, Civil War prisoners and the World’s Tallest Man. Christian Hill has its own place in this history filled with fascinating people and interesting stories in addition to the architecture that delights visitors who stroll back through time along its streets.

chap t er 5

|


45


Christian Hill- An Enclave of History and People • Levi Davis often had his good friend Abraham Lincoln as a guest in his home. • Women’s Club was the hub of suffragette activities in the 1900s. • Franklin Olin conducted scientific experiments in the basement of his home here. • Captain William Post hosted Stephen Douglas at his home during the famous LincolnDouglas debate. • Mitchell Mansion • Underground Railroad Confluence of People and the Rivers There are many facets to the beauty of Alton and many ways to explore its charms. From the spectacular view from the bluffs to the gardens and everywhere in between, Alton has something to offer all kinds of visitors. For those who appreciate history, there are museums and monuments. Architecture enthusiasts join those who just plain love a leisurely stroll in appreciating the parks, homes and buildings that populate the town. For fitness buffs, there are the bike trails. For those who appreciate culture, there is music and theater, along with galleries, fine restaurants and antique shops. Exploring Christian Hill • Architecture of the Christian Hill District • Scenic View from Riverview Park • Historic home tour and visiting places of historic figures Nature of the Confluence Riverview Park is aptly named with its magnificent view of the Mississippi River from atop the limestone and dolomite bluffs. This view invites wonder and creates a teaching moment in which the visitor gets acquainted with the natural history that formed the area’s dramatic vistas millions of years before the founding of the city of Alton. The Scenic View • Views of the landscape from the park • Orientation of the River • Geological formation of the bluffs

46

chap t er 5

|



Stop No. 9

Piasa Park

Petroglyphs, Pictographs, and Explorers For centuries, Native Americans lived in the region, drawn here like later European settlers and explorers for the abundant natural resources and access to the river. In 1673, while making their way down the Mississippi River, French explorers Pere Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet first discovered the image of the Piasa Bird, an Illini Indian bluff painting of a mythological dragon-like creature. While the Piasa Bird serves as a reminder of the region’s early inhabitants, Piasa Park offers access to trailheads, facilities and a break from driving, biking, or hiking. Currents of History Native Americans occupied the Byway region for millennia before the arrival of the early European explorers, drawn by the same rich resources that still attract people to the area today. The Illini Confederation called “Masters of the Mississippi”, occupied the entire American Bottoms area as evidenced by the burial mounds, pictographs and petroglyphs that could once be found throughout the area. The Piasa Bird painting, first recorded in the journals of Pere Marquette in 1673, is but one example of the rich Native American culture that thrived here. In legend, the Piasa Bird had the scales of a fish, horns like a deer and the face of a man.

chap t er 5

|


47


Marquette & Joliet • French exploration of the river • Native American relations • Discovery and legend of the Piasa Bird Early Native Americans • Scope of the Illini Confederation • Early mound builders • Tribal Wars History of the Piasa Bird Painting • History of the quarry • Placement of the mural over time • Final representation in Piasa Park Confluence of People and the River The Piasa Bird is but one of the Native American artifacts that charms visitors and reminds them of the civilization that existed here long before our arrival. The park provides a pleasant stopping place for bikers and motorists along the Byway with a resting area perfect for picnics or quiet contemplation. Recreation on the Byway • Access to the Sam Vadalabene Bike Trail • Other regional bike trails • Picnicking and exploring Nature of the Confluence The limestone and dolomite that make up the bluffs along the Mississippi are filled with fossil evidence that there was once an ancient sea here. In the Ice Age, thick glaciers stopped just short of the area of Pere Marquette State Park. The melting of the glaciers helped shape the entire Mississippi river basin. The mining of limestone provided building material for the region. The Bluffs • Formation of the bluffs over time • Geological history • Limestone quarries and mining • Use of limestone in structures throughout the region

48

chap t er 5

|



Stop No. 10

Great Rivers Park, Hoffman Gardens A Magnificent View

Though small by comparison to other parks along the Byway, Great Rivers Park in Godfrey offers one of the finest vantages of the Mississippi River. Visitors are treated to scenic views of the river and given the opportunity to observe the bird migration. This small gem of a park is located in the Village of Godfrey, named for Benjamin Godfrey. A Mayflower descendant, sea captain, and visionary, Godfrey settled in the area to become a pillar of the community. In 1838, he founded one of the first schools for women at the site, which is now the location of Lewis and Clark Community College. Hoffman Gardens was built in honor of Godfrey’s first mayor, Lars Hoffman, and offers a peaceful retreat for visitors to view the river and the geology of the bluffs. Currents of History The Village of Godfrey became incorporated in 1991, but the area has a rich history. Benjamin Godfrey, for whom the present day village is named, was a former Sea Captain and rumored pirate with ties to the infamous Jean Lafitte. He came to the area to make his fortune founding a freight forwarding company and eventually going on to create a business empire. But his contributions go far beyond commerce, including the founding of one of the first institutions of higher education for females in the area, the Monticello Seminary. Godfrey also plays an important part in Underground Railroad history, the Rocky Fork area being a refuge for self-freed slaves who, along with area whites, continued to reach back to help others gain freedom. After the Civil War, a black veteran, the Reverend Erasmus Green, founded Rocky Fork A.M.E. Church. chap t er 5

|


49


The Underground Railroad – Road to Freedom • Rocky Fork settlement • Entry points for the Underground Railroad along the Byway • A key piece of the network running throughout Illinois Benjamin Godfrey • Godfrey’s life before he came to this area • Shipping and commerce industry • Founder of Monticello Seminary for Women • Founder of Alton-Sangamon Railroad History of Godfrey • Settled by Benjamin Godfrey • Growth of the village over time • Lars Hoffman, Godfrey’s first mayor Monticello Seminary for Women • Benjamin Godfrey had eight daughters and believed in advanced education for women • Harriet Haskell was president of the Seminary for 40 years. • The arched entrance to the Seminarywas designed by Theodore Link and dedicated to the memory of Harriet Haskell. It is said to be one of the first monuments to a woman. • Present-day Lewis & Clark Community College, founded in 1971 Confluence of People and the Rivers A drive through the area reveals vistas filled with working farms. In springtime, the orchards are in bloom. In fall, the branches of the trees hang heavy with fruit. Various landmarks also await the visitor including the Benjamin Godfrey Chapel, the Charles Lindbergh Site and a bronze statue of Sacagawea at Lewis and Clark Community College, which was once the Monticello Seminary for Women. Also in the area is the Nature Institute, whose mission is to “foster an awareness and appreciation of the natural world through preservation, education, and restoration”. The Institute operates over 300 acres of protected land in Godfrey, including the John M. Olin Nature Preserve and Kemp and Cora Hutchinson Bird Sanctuary. These are open to the public for wildlife and prairie walks, birding and photography. In addition, the Nature Institute offers many educational programs.

50

chap t er 5

|



Economy • Working farms and orchards still exist today • Peaches, corn and other commodities Recreation & Attractions • The Nature Institute and John M. Olin Nature Preserve • Kemp and Cora Hutchinson Bird Sanctuary • Lewis and Clark Community College - Sculpture Gardens - Signature Gardens - Benjamin Godfrey Memorial Chapel • Hoffman Gardens at Great Rivers Park - Built in honor of Lars Hoffman, the first mayor of Godfrey elected in 1991 - A small monument located on the south side of the River Road, a Hop Hollow, denotes the site of one of the earliest ferry crossings in this region. - Many followers of Daniel Boone crossed into Missouri at this site in the late 1700s. Nature of the Confluence Over 99% of the biologically diverse landscape of the Illinois tall-grass prairie has been altered by agriculture and urbanization. The Nature Institute in Godfrey provides an oasis of restoration and protection for hundreds of species of native plants and more than 150 species of nesting and migratory birds, including the American Bald Eagle. The endangered Timber Rattlesnake also finds refuge here along with other native wildlife species. The preserve also offers a window into the geology of the bluffs overlooking the Mississippi with waterfalls, ravines, upland forest and loess hill prairie all encompassed within its boundaries. This ecological richness creates educational opportunities to both identify and describe the flora and fauna, as well as explore the ancient geology of this landscape. Scenic Vista • What you see from the park • Identify geology in the Bluffs Species of the Great Rivers Region • Fossils • Native plant species • Nesting and migratory birds • Wildlife species

chap t er 5

|



Stop No. 11

Clifton Terrace

River and Relaxation Historically, Clifton Terrace was a landing for boats. By the turn of the century, it had become a destination for picnickers and recreationists from St. Louis. A colony of summer cottages along with wine orchards, wineries and hotels graced the town. Today, Clifton Terrace still offers the visitor beautiful views of the river, a resting spot along the bike trail and a place to enjoy water sports. Currents of History Originally built to house employees of the St. Louis Cement and Lime Co., the Clifton Terrace Inn quickly became a tourist destination, thus sparking a competition between Gottlieb Stiritz and H.A. Fisher for luxury guests. During its heyday, Clifton Terrace bustled with tourists who traveled by boat from St. Louis to relax and enjoy the beauty of the river. Early steamboat traffic was later supplemented by rail and road. In June of 1998, the Meeting of the Great Rivers Scenic Byway was designated with Clifton Terrace as one of its stopping places. Settling of Clifton Terrace • St. Louis Cement & Lime Co. • Gottlieb Stiritz built the Clifton Inn • H. A. Fisher built a competitive hotel for luxury guests.

52

chap t er 5

|



Early tourism • Boat landing for steamboats and paddle boats • Weekend visitors from St. Louis for picnics • Rail line along the bluffs • Anheuser-Busch’s outdoor bowling alley The Changing River & Roadway • Lock and Dam #26 widened the river • Railroad connected the river communities with St. Louis • Establishing the scenic Highway Confluence of People and the Rivers Today the remains of the Clifton Inn and the wine cellar are the last remaining testament in Clifton Terrace to a bygone day of paddleboats and steamboats, winemaking and revelry. Situated along biking and hiking trails, Clifton Terrace provides today’s visitor with a pleasant resting spot from which to take in the beauty of the Mississippi. Recreation for the Byway traveler • Resting spot for the modern-day tourist. • Sam Vadalabene Bike Trail • Lavista Trail Nature of the Confluence While taking in the beauty of the view from Clifton Terrace, there is also the opportunity to meditate on the relationship between people and nature and the need to preserve the wonders of this area for our children and grandchildren. Scenic Beauty • Magnificent bluffs • Scenic views of the Mississippi Preserving Nature and Vistas • Purchase of land by Village of Godfrey • Alton Lake Heritage Parkway Commission

chap t er 5

|


53


Stop No. 12

Elsah and Principia

The Town That Time Forgot Nestled in a valley between two stately bluffs, Mt. Radiance and Mt. Pisgah, Elsah peeks out on the Byway. This village is dedicated to the preservation of history and architecture. Elsah was the first place to be placed in its entirety on the National Register of Historic Places. Principia College, located here, is a National Historic Landmark and a source of well-deserved academic pride. Elsah’s streets are graced with stone cottages and tidy gardens. Its riverfront entry beckons the curious and captivates all who pass through its narrow, treeshaded streets. Confluence of People and Rivers Once an important steamboat landing, Elsah today delights visitors along the Byway with its quaint charm. The community there has made it a point of civic pride and a mission to preserve and protect the character of the town. This spirit shows in the welcome that is offered to everyone from the visitor who stops for a few hours to enjoy the architecture, shop, or eat, to the guests at the quaint bed and breakfast inns located in town. From the Chapel atop the bluffs at Principia College, visitors take in stunning views of the Mississippi River. It is possible to take a driving tour around the campus during daylight hours or make an appointment for a custom guided tour to visit the buildings. Architecture – Reflecting Trends of the Burgeoning Republic • Greek Revival, Gothic Revival, Victorian, Italianate • Carpenter Gothic • Saltbox and Gambrel Principia College • Bernard Maybeck • Architecture of the campus buildings • National Historic Landmark status • Renowned speaker’s series

54

chap t er 5

|



Currents of History General James Semple, an Illinois Supreme Court Judge and one-time presidential candidate, founded Elsah in 1853. During the early years, Elsah served as an important shipping point for the area’s agricultural products. With the coming of the railroad, the role of the steamboats faded. In the 1930s, the founding of Principia College revived Elsah’s fortunes. Principia College is the only existing liberal arts college in the world that serves exclusively Christian Scientists. In 1993, Principia College Historic District was designated a National Historic Landmark to recognize Bernard Maybeck’s architectural design and construction supervision of eleven buildings on the campus. The Village Where Time Stood Still • Founding of Elsah • Early commerce and steamboat landing • Farley’s Music Hall as a hub of social activity Principia College, Serving the Cause of Christian Science in Education • Mary Kimball Morgan, founder of Principia College • Acquisition of the land in Elsah • Vision of Bernard Maybeck • Principles of Christian Science Flood of 1993 • Damage during the flood • Rebuilding lost homes and public places • Ongoing effort to rebuild Nature of the Confluence Elsah is nestled between Mt. Radiance and Mt. Pisgah, two fine examples of the 250 million years of geological history contained within the bluffs that line the Byway. In 1999, a grounds crew digging a manhole at Principia College hit what turned out to be the tooth of a woolly mammoth. The woolly mammoth, now extinct, would have roamed the land during the last Ice Age. Today Principia hosts schools and other organizations on private educational tours of the excavation site. The Bluffs • 250 million years of geological history • Mt. Radiance and Mt. Pisgah • Woolly mammoth excavation at Principia College

chap t er 5

|


55


Stop No. 13

Chautauqua

Retreat by the River New Piasa Chautauqua was founded in 1885 as the Piasa Bluffs Assembly by Methodist groups from southern Illinois and St. Louis. Called the Western Chautauqua, its goals were to provide religious, educational, and cultural opportunities in a pleasant environmental setting. It was modeled on the Chautauqua Institution at Lake Chautauqua, New York, founded in 1874. The word “Chautauqua” is of Seneca origin, referring to Lake Chautauqua in western New York. Its translations have included ‘place of mists’ and ‘where the fish are taken out’. For generations families have held this Illinois Chautauqua dear. They have enjoyed its beauties and regained health from its wonderful springs and its clear, pure air; delightful, cool nights; beautiful scenery; and outdoor amusements.

56

chap t er 5

|



Currents of History The community became New Piasa Chautauqua in 1909, following a financial crisis and ensuing reorganization. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. In the beginning, Chautauqua was a tent city that attracted thousands of people from all over the region. The first visitors from St. Louis and Illinois arrived by packet boat and then by train or automobile to enjoy the cool summer breezes. Political figures such as William Jennings Bryan, three-time unsuccessful presidential candidate, and Senator Bob LaFollette of Wisconsin were among the many orators that thrilled crowds, as did evangelists Sam Jones, Russell Conwell, T. DeWitt Talmage. Famed regional artist Frederick Oakes Sylvester spent summers in nearby Elsah and lectured in the community. Tent City to Private Community • Founding of the community • Summer resort promoting religion, education, science & culture • Entertainment in the community • Developed into a cottage community, with the first cottage in 1890 Confluence of People and Rivers Today, Chautauqua is a private, gated community with 127 cottages, some occupied by the descendants of the original residents. Treasured by families who tell stories of their parents and grandparents, while Chautauqua is not open to tourism, its history offers a peek into the culture of a unique river community from a bygone era. Chautauqua Today • Private gated community • Limited residents • Meaning for families who have lived there for generations Nature of the Confluence One of the reasons Chautauqua attracted so many visitors was because its location constituted a microclimate, which is defined as the “climate of a small, specific place within an area as contrasted with the climate of the entire area”. The cool valley breezes arising from its location between bluffs, forests, and river made Chautauqua a favorite retreat from the heat of summer. Natural Wonders of Chautauqua • Swimming pool • Microclimates

chap t er 5

|


57


Stop No. 14

Grafton

Grafton: Shaped by the River Residing between towering limestone bluffs and the Mississippi River, the river town of Grafton was founded in 1836. The confluence of the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers made the location perfect for commerce, yet it also made Grafton vulnerable. In the Great Flood of 1993, Grafton was inundated with the overflow from the merging of the rivers. Determined to revitalize and protect their historic town, the city enabled residents and businesses to move away from the river’s edge while revitalizing the historic buildings along the riverfront. Grafton exemplifies the rise and fall of industry throughout the Byway region. In the early part of the century, Shafer’s Wharf was the center of the bustling economy; the fishing industry, quarries, shell button factory, boat works, and a dynamite plant all prospered. This history is still evident in many sites around town. As the decline of river industries took its toll, Grafton rebuilt itself by preserving its history and natural wonders. Today, visitors appreciate the historic beauty of the town along with the natural majesty of the river, its bluffs, and its wildlife. The town itself boasts of shops, guest houses, a historic hotel, and restaurants serving a taste of the local flavors. Year round, visitors flock to Grafton to view bald eagles and migratory waterfowl, beautiful fall colors, and the river. Currents of History A vibrant town once brimming with industry as it does now with tourists, Grafton’s history offers a window into the lives of the townspeople who depend on the river. Founded in 1832, Grafton was described as a “post office, one store, one tavern, and a number of families”. By the 1850s, Grafton’s large commercial fishery, boat works, and loading docks all thrived. During this time, Grafton’s population peaked at over 10,000 people. The river also enabled the limestone quarries to transport their raw materials to build bridges crossing the river, including the Eads Bridge in St. Louis. Around Grafton, orchards and farms sprang up, bringing their harvest to town for shipment to St. Louis and points beyond. As the river waned as a transportation corridor, the fortunes of Grafton waned. The Flood of 1993 called forth the determination to build a new relationship between the town and the river. As a result, buildings have been moved, wetlands are being restored, and citizens are taking a new interest in conservation. Today, Grafton has a renewed lease on life as a vibrant attraction for tourists and nature lovers who flock to the Byway region.

58

chap t er 5

|



Location for Industrial Growth • Quarry supplied stone for homes and buildings • Mills, dynamite, boat works • Shafer’s Wharf and loading docks • Shell button industry Riverboat Traffic • Wild west character with outlaws from St. Louis hiding out, vigilantes and horse thieves • Overall history of river’s impact on Grafton • 1993 flood Confluence of People and the Rivers There is not a season when Grafton doesn’t offer sights, sounds, recreation, entertainment and relaxation. In the fall there are vibrant colors as maples, oak, ash and sumac deck themselves out in the season’s finest. The unique climate supports a variety of orchards catering to young families with special events throughout the harvest season. The Sam Vadalabene Bike Trail goes right through town. There are boating, fishing and canoeing opportunities for the water enthusiast. In addition to the historic buildings of Main Street, there are restaurants and wineries, boutiques and bluff-top lodging. Festivals and events such as the Great Rivers Towboat Festival and the Two Rivers Family Fishing Fair offer fun for the whole family. Walking Along History • Ice house • Boat works with paint house and machine shop • Schafer’s Wharf Year-Round Enjoyment • Autumn colors • Migrating pelicans twice yearly • Scenic views • Recreation opportunities: marina, wineries, restaurant

chap t er 5

|


59


Nature of the Confluence Shaped like a funnel, with the Rocky and Appalachian mountain ranges to the west and to the east, the Mississippi River basin drains 31 states and two Canadian provinces. Due to the confluences of the Mississippi, Missouri and Illinois rivers, much of the water converges in the Byway region, making it particularly susceptible to the ravages of flooding. Industrialization, urbanization, and the accompanying loss of wetlands and floodplains have made the region even more vulnerable. Systems of levees and dams, though helpful, are not the sole answer. The River’s Power and Beauty • Beautiful views along the bluffs • Restored wetland Confluence of the Mississippi and Illinois Rivers • Origins of the Illinois River • How proximity to the confluence and flooding affect the landscape • Vulnerability for flooding • Illinois River valley and ecosystem

60

chap t er 5

|



Stop No. 15

Pere Marquette Cross Looking Back in Time

Cut from a solid piece of dolomite, the seven-and-a-half-foot Pere Marquette Cross sits where the Illinois River once joined the Mississippi. Placed to commemorate the journey of Pere Jacques Marquette, the cross is symbolic of many stories such as the story of the Frenchman Marquette journeying to convert the native peoples to Christianity. It tells the story of Joliet, who Marquette accompanied, looking for a route to the Pacific. The cross overlooks the spot where the confluence of the Illinois and Mississippi rivers once was, pointing the visitor to stories of the river and the changes nature has made over time. Made from dolomite, a mineral formed at the bottom of the oceans and that once covered the area, the cross also tells a geologic story about the changing landscape over millions of years. Currents of History Setting out in 1673, Marquette, a Catholic priest, hoped to convert the Native Americans, while Joliet sought a route to the “Southern Sea” (Pacific Ocean) which promised passage to rich trade with China. When they learned from members of the Quapaw tribe that the Mississippi emptied into the Gulf of Mexico, they turned back fearing hostile natives and Spaniards. The stone cross commemorating their journey was placed east of the Pere Marquette State Park entrance in 1929.

chap t er 5

|


61


Marquette and Joliet • Searching for the route to the Pacific • First Europeans to reach the confluence of the Mississippi and Illinois rivers • Learning about Native Peoples and their languages • Converting natives to Christianity Conclusion of the Journey • Realized they were heading to the Gulf of Mexico • Warned of hostile tribes further south • Placing of the cross Nature of the Confluence When Marquette and Joliet arrived in the 1600s, it was in a different place than it is today. Because of siltation and flood events, rivers can change course either gradually or suddenly, carving entirely new channels in the land. The cross itself is made from dolomite, a fine-grained carbonate rock. The way in which dolomite is formed is still an unsolved mystery in geology, but it is often found with limestone. These minerals were left millions of years ago by the ancient seas that once covered the area. The retreating glaciers of the Ice Age helped form them into bluffs. Geologic features such as caves, sinkholes and springs are formed by water’s ability to dissolve the limestone and dolomite bedrock. Marquette and Joliet • Confluence location in 1600s • How and why the confluence changed • Geology of the limestone, limestone quarries Confluence of People and the Rivers Cut from a solid piece of dolomite, the seven-foot monument is situated on the ledge of a bluff that overlooks the Illinois River. Two flights of dolomite stairs lead from the Sam Vadalabene Bike Trail up to the cross. The monument is in close proximity to many points of interest along the Byway. Located between Grafton and Brussels Ferry, the cross is also close to the entrance of Pere Marquette State Park and Two Rivers National Wildlife Refuge. Exploring the Byway • Description of river and surrounding lands • Points of interest for the visitor

62

chap t er 5

|



Stop No. 16

Brussels Ferry

Over the River and To the Woods One of the last free ferries operating in the United States, the Brussels Ferry transports passengers to the remote beauty of the Two Rivers National Wildlife Refuge. Besides the refuge, Calhoun County offers scenic drives through small, historic villages. Early American ferries provided transport across the rivers where crossing was difficult and sometimes dangerous. Railroads and bridges put most ferries out of business even before the arrival of the automobile. For modern travelers, the ferry provides a window to the experience of an earlier day. The Brussels Ferry offers the vehicle of the 19th Century to transport the visitor to the ageless beauty of the refuge. The traveler on the ferry takes in the Illinois River and its majestic bluffs from the vantage of the river itself. The ferry is the prime spot to enjoy the many stunning features of the river. Currents of History Early American ferries consisted of rafts, rowboats and horse boats that could cross rivers where demand for transportation existed but where there weren’t any easy crossings. Ferries were extremely important to the economies of the river communities along the Byway, offering opportunities for trade that otherwise would otherwise not have existed. The Brussels Ferry serviced the people and industry of Grafton, transporting stones from the quarry, products from the mills and a variety of produce from the many local farms and orchards. During the heyday of river commerce, there were many competing ferries. Even before the arrival of the automobile, bridges and railroads put most ferries out of business. Today, there are five surviving ferries that cross the Mississippi along the Byway. The Brussels Ferry is free. River Crossings • Before rail and bridges, ferries carried people and goods across the river. • With the advent of the railroad, bridges and highways, ferries became obsolete.

chap t er 5

|


63


Nature of the Confluence Stunning views of the bluffs, woodlands and river unfold from the decks of the Brussels Ferry, but the scene the visitor beholds is more than a pretty picture. There is much at stake in the decisions human beings make now that will affect the river and its ecosystems for years, perhaps even centuries, to come. Historically, the Illinois River was the principal water route connecting the Great Lakes to the Mississippi. It is still an important trade route today. Ninety percent of the State of Illinois’ population lives in the river’s watershed. It is vitally important to people for its agricultural, residential and industrial needs. It is also a prime source of recreation including hunting, fishing and boating. But, the river is also critical as an ecosystem that supports and shelters wildlife and provides “ecosystem services” such as flood abatement and many more. Today, sustainable management of the river and its ecosystems is generally recognized as essential to the region. Many recommendations have been made on steps to improve the ecology of the river, with a strong consensus that action needs to be taken. This story continues to unfold. Overview of the Environment • Woodlands • Bluffs • Wetlands The Illinois River Story • From the Great Lakes to the Great Rivers • Descriptions of the geography and scenery • How the lakes and river in Illinois shaped the environment Confluence of People and the Rivers The Belle of Calhoun and its sister ship ferry today’s passengers and their automobiles across the river free of charge at the Brussels Ferry, taking visitors to and from the village of Brussels and the Two Rivers National Wildlife Refuge. The action of the boat’s propellers helps bring fish to the surface, making them easy prey for the bald eagles wintering in the area. As a result, the Brussels Ferry is one of the prime bald eagle viewing spots in the region. The Brussels Ferry carries passengers to the Two Rivers National Wildlife Refuge and affords them a view of the grand bluffs that rise above the Mississippi.

64

chap t er 5

|



Stop No. 17

Two Rivers National Wildlife Refuge An Eagle’s Eye View

The Two Rivers National Wildlife Refuge brings the visitor closer to nature in a visceral and exciting way. Lying near the confluence of the Mississippi and Illinois rivers, the refuge also lies in a major migration corridor for waterfowl and other birds. From bald eagles to white pelicans, the refuge offers wildlife sightings all year long. Encompassing 8,501 acres, the refuge, along with other cooperative lands, offers important protection for the river and flood plain ecosystems. Along with multiple opportunities to enjoy and learn about the nature of the river and its wildlife, visitors partake in many recreational activities. The refuge also offers a variety of pristine habitats to explore, including bottomland forests, lakes and sloughs. Nature of the Confluence Five million ducks… Fifty thousand geese… Six thousand white pelicans… Flocks of neotropical migrants, songbirds and shorebirds… This dramatic abundance of bird species and wildlife depend on the health of the ecosystems along the Mississippi Flyway during their yearly migrations. In addition, hundreds of bald eagles winter in the area. The Two Rivers National Wildlife Refuge is managed for migratory birds, endangered species and migratory fish. It provides an essential link in the chain of resting, feeding and wintering areas for migratory bird species using the Mississippi Flyway, as well as critical habitat for many resident wildlife species. Refuge managers use water level manipulation to create and sustain habitat types used by migrating and resident birds and wildlife. In addition to the birds, white-tailed deer, squirrels, raccoons, opossums, rabbits, beavers, river otters and other resident wildlife can be observed at various times of the year. Aside from providing food and shelter to populations of migrating and nesting birds, fish and other wildlife, river wetlands act as filters for pollution and abatement of floods. Among the many reasons for the magnitude of damage caused by the great flood of 1993 is the tremendous loss of wetlands during development in the last century. Today wetlands restoration projects are underway all along the rivers, including within the refuge.

chap t er 5

|


65


What is Two Rivers National Wildlife Refuge? • Major migration corridor for waterfowl and other birds • Resting spot for migrating bald eagles • Forests, lakes, sloughs, cropland and mudflats • Important habitat for big river fish and a variety of other native wildlife • Map of the Mississippi Flyway Living with Nature • Restoring wetlands • Preserving habitats Confluence of People and the Rivers With 30,000 visitors annually, the Two Rivers National Wildlife Refuge offers scores of educational and recreational opportunities including boating, fishing, hunting, biking, hiking, birding, wildlife observation and environmental education. The refuge is comprised of five divisions: Apple Creek, Batchtown, Calhoun, Gilbert Lake and Portage Island. U.S. Fish & Wildlife also maintains a Visitor Center with an observation deck from which to view wildlife. To provide an undisturbed sanctuary for waterfowl and other migratory birds, certain areas of the refuge are closed during key times of the year. Exploring the Gilbert Lake Division – Wildlife Viewing • American Bald Eagles • Migrating birds • Egrets, wild turkeys, and a variety of shorebird Exploring the Calhoun Division • Viewing snow geese, canvasbacks, Northern pintails, American white pelicans, greenwinged teal and canvasbacks Recreation • Boating and fishing • Wildlife observation • Environmental education • Canoeing and kayaking

66

chap t er 5

|



Stop No. 18

Marquette Visitor Center and State Park A Place for All Seasons

Pere Marquette State Park is famous for the beauty of its fall colors and as a home for bald eagles in the winter, but it offers the visitor opportunities for wonder and recreation year round. In addition to being a place for all seasons, the park is a place for the ages. Fossils can be found throughout the park. The distinctive yellow clay of the area was formed by dust from the ice ages. Glaciers formed the river over 350 million years ago. Pere Marquette is Illinois’ largest state park at 8,050 acres. In addition to spectacular views of the Illinois River valley from several scenic overlooks, visitors take advantage of a variety of year-round recreational activities, including hiking, biking, horseback riding, camping, fishing, boating and taking part in interpretative programs. Confluence of People and the Rivers Within the borders of the park there are a wealth of opportunities to enjoy nature undisturbed as well as for recreation and relaxation. Pere Marquette Lodge can be a place to stay or a place to visit. Visitors can curl up in front of the 700 ton local stone fireplace or play chess on the life-size chess set. Interconnecting trails run atop the bluffs overlooking the Illinois River and throughout the park for hiking and wildlife viewing. There are myriad opportunities to enjoy the natural beauty of the area and learn about its rich natural history. Enjoying the Park • Outstanding lodge built by the Civilian Conservation Corps • Spectacular views throughout park and of river • Wildlife viewing and 12 miles of trails • Skiing, horseback riding, boating • Hunting, fishing and camping • Canoeing and kayaking

chap t er 5

|


67


Nature of the Confluence The natural history of Pere Marquette State Park took place over the course of millions of years, as ancient seas and then glaciers sculpted the lands and created the river with its dramatic bluffs. This natural history continues today as the forces of nature, some gradual, some dramatic - like the Great Flood of 1993 - continue to shape the river and its watershed. A relatively new force on the scene is human beings. From industrialization to the levees and dams we build to our efforts at conservation and restoration, we are a potent force, though, as the Great Flood of 1993 showed, it behooves us to cooperate with nature, because ultimately nature is in charge. The natural history of the park is written into its geology and ecosystems, from the fossils that can be found throughout the park to the habitats that thrive within its boundaries. The history of man’s conservation efforts can be found here, too, in the form of the contributions from the Civilian Conservation Corps during the Great Depression. Geology • Glaciers formed the rivers. • Yellow clay formed by dust from the Ice Age • Fossils throughout the park • Fault line runs through the park Habitats • Woodlands, bottomland flood plain • Wildlife abundant, 230 species of birds • Important fish habitat Threats to the River • Habitat loss through restructuring and siltation threatens fish and water birds’ existence • Once massive beds of shellfish have dwindled • Effects of invasive fish, such as the Asian carp Helping People and Saving the Land: Civilian Conservation Corps • Created during the Great Depression • Built buildings and campgrounds, bridges, water reservoirs, trails and stream bank protection. • Archeological and other types of surveying activities conducted.

68

chap t er 5

|



Currents of History Pere Marquette, the explorer for whom Pere Marquette State Park is named, arrived with his party in 1673. For over a thousand years prior, members of the Illini confederation occupied the lands that now comprise the park, leaving behind fragments of pottery, spear points and planting tools to attest to their culture and way of life. Burial mounds are also distributed throughout the park, including one atop McAdams Peak, named for Professor William McAdams, whose son John was instrumental in acquiring the property for a state park. The park’s Visitor Center, opened in October of 1997, offers a wealth of displays and exhibits concerning the Illinois River, wildlife habitat, local history and geology. Archeology • 6 Native American cultures in the area • 150 burial mounds throughout the park • Lodge was the site of an Indian Village Native Peoples • Native Americans controlled the Mississippi Valley with their fur trade. • Densely populated region • Illini were the first to meet Marquette and Joliet and welcomed them. Creating the Park • In 1932, 2,600 acres were given to the State for a park. • Later acquisitions and recent land purchases have brought the total to approximately 8,050 acres

chap t er 5

|


69


Future Stages The Byway tour currently comprises 18 stops. However, it is expected that changes will occur in the sites and communities along the Byway. Stops can be changed, deleted, and added to. The prospect of change is always welcome. Visitors will want to discover new and different information as time goes on. Future additions might include: • Great Rivers Land Trust Future Endeavors • Palisades Preserves • Piasa Harbor Great Rivers Land Trust Great Rivers has acquired and developed opens spaces for public use such as Clifton Terrace Park, Stiritz Landing and LaVista Park. The organization also protects 2,500 acres of natural land in the Mississippi River corridor in collaboration with National Great Rivers Research and Education Center, US Army Corps of Engineers, Lewis and Clark Community College, the Conservation Fund, Principia College, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, local communities, Department of Natural Resources and numerous private land owners. Some of the properties protected include the Oblate Forest, the Hutchinson Bird Sanctuary, Olin Nature Preserve and now, the Palisades Preserve. To date, Great Rivers Land Trust has preserved over 3,000 acres in the confluence region. We were also instrumental in making The Meeting of the Great Rivers National Scenic Byway the first scenic Byway established in Illinois. Great Rivers Land Trust manages a number of projects related to the protection of natural resources. The Piasa Creek Watershed Project is managed by the land trust in cooperation with the Illinois American Water Company. This national project reduces the amount of sediment discharged into the Mississippi River. Under this project, the land trust restored the 40-acre Boy Scout Lake at Camp Warren Levis. The lake filled with silt and had become useless. Half of the lake was restored for recreational purposes and half was restored as an enhanced wetland. The 253-acre camp is protected by a conservation easement. Great Rivers Land Trust is also involved in other community projects including wetland enhancement, planting tree buffers, park design and development, and historical site protection. America’s great rivers, the Mississippi, the Illinois and the Missouri, meet in a broad floodplain bounded by majestic bluffs north of St. Louis, Missouri. Great Rivers Land Trust was founded in 1992 in Alton, Illinois by citizens committed to protecting the lands along this beautiful stretch of the Mississippi. Great Rivers Land Trust is a non-profit organization dedicated to preserving open spaces, scenic beauty, critical wildlife habitat, and the unique river landscape that is our special heritage. The land trust achieves this through a variety of conservation techniques including donations of scenic and conservation easements, acceptance of land donations, and acquisitions of key parcels of land. 70

chap t er 5

|



The Palisades The dramatic bluffs between Alton and Grafton, Illinois are renowned for their scenic beauty and views of downtown St. Louis. Now these bluffs and the ecologically significant lands on which they stand have been protected through the creation of The Palisades Preserve. Described as one of the best remaining examples of undisturbed, biologically important lands in Illinois, the preserve’s oak and hickory forests look much as they did 100 years ago. While more than half of the state’s hill prairies have been lost over the last three decades, numerous remnant loess hill prairies are found at the preserve. The land supports many species of conservation concern and is located in the largest flyway in North America for migrating birds. The unfragmented forest provides essential breeding habitat for a suite of songbirds. The preserve also contains an undisturbed limestone cliff community and Native American burial grounds. The Palisades Preserve a dedicated Illinois Nature Preserve now encompasses over 430 acres of bluff property located on the Meeting of the Great Rivers Scenic Byway. This land will be protected for environmental, scenic and educational purposes-forever. The Palisades Property is the largest and most significant undeveloped property in the region. It is environmentally essential to the protection of 11 endangered or threatened species of plants and animals. Piasa Harbor Great Rivers Land Trust has purchased the Piasa Harbor property located along the Great River Road in Godfrey, Illinois. The site includes a 26,000 square foot structure, a gas station island, two metal shop buildings and 112 boat slips. When fully retrofitted, the Piasa Harbor Field Station will accommodate NGRREC and partner researchers, educators, visiting scientists, graduate students and interns engaged in big river and related research and education. The facility will serve as an extension of the Confluence Field Station’s research arm and NGRREC’s education and community outreach mission, and will reinforce the region’s position as an international center for big river research. In addition, Great Rivers Land Trust has worked with the Byway and the National Park Service on a build out o the Sam Vadalabene Bike Trail and an Underground Railroad interpretation station on Rocky Fork. The US Army Corps of Engineers is also considering a watertrail development along Piasa Creek.

chap t er 5

|


71

The Byway Design Program ch a p t er

6

The Byway ID and Graphic Program Findings of the interpretive and wayfinding audit showed that visitors had a difficult time knowing that they were on this byway. As byway visitors travel by car, there are many distractions to take into account. Branding and recognition are strong factors in an identification program for the byway. The following criteria formed the design solution. Design Criteria • Simplify and update the existing byway brand • Delete any graphics or shapes that are not recognizable, which clutter the visual area and distract from immediate legibility of the byway name • Focus on easy reading of the name of the byway – separate part of the name to contribute to name recognition • Let the byway name dominate the Brand • Update graphic style to reflect the current times • Use a font that is classic yet modern at the same time, bold and legible • Update the expression of the (3) rivers in the wavy lines • Incorporate the style of the byway gateway monument signs • Use colors that are current and support the messages of the byway interpretive program Brand Colors When considering color choices, Signature Design presented a color scheme which applied the use of water blue for the large field of the visual space and a wave of sunset orange in the bottom portion of the logo. Naturalist Timothy Flint, who lived in the region during the 18th Century and wrote of the beauty of the confluence, described the unique position of the confluence and its eastwest/west/east orientation, creating breathtaking sunsets and sunrise in the same spot. The color choice for the updated brand and signage was inspired by the great rivers and the melting sunset into the river due to the unique river orientation along the byway. The blue for the water is a direct response to the location of the byway along the rivers – water is at the heart of the byway story. The sunset-orange is a reflection of the signature orientation of the confluence and its famous sunrises and sunsets.

72

chap t er 6

|

t h e By way d e si g n pr o g r a m

The Byway ID &Graphic Program

The Byway Identity

The Pantone colors for this logo are (from top down):

Blue Pantone 645 Blue Pantone 660 Blue Pantone 647 Orange Pantone 7510

The Byway Graphic System

Blue - 645 c

Yellow/Orange - 7510 c

Dk Brown - 7518 c

Lt Green - 5777 c

Dk Green - 7496 c

Lt Brown - 7505 c

Rust - 174 c

Gray - 424 c

A program of typography and color was developed to establish styles to apply to materials developed for the byway. Usage of this system will maintain continuity of the brand and byway recognition. The system can be applied to interpretive signs, exhibits, marketing materials and any other products generated to support the byway.

chap t er 6

|

t h e ID & g r aph i c pr o g r a m

73

The Byway ID & Graphic Program

Sample Graphic Layout The byway graphic system and the interpretive plan’s resources provided information to help produce the first byway sign. The graphic system drove the choices for typographic style and color. Language in the storylines of the plan provided base text to develop interpretive text. The map developed for the wayfinding & mapping system in the interpretive plan provided the base map used. Photos in the databases of the plan gave choices for images. There are many resources in this plan that all byway sites can utilize to support development of their stories to attract visitors.

74

chap t er 6

|

t h e ID & g r aph i c pr o g r a m

The Byway Design Program

The Byway Signage System The byway signage system combines the elements of branding, mapping, wayfinding and interpretation into a cohesive program. This system covers the range of problem solving required for the diversity of site conditions at each stop. The following graphics illustrate the various options for signage. All sites could include a stop marker, but sites may or may not require a directional sign. In future design and development phases, each site will be studied to determine the signs in the system that apply to that particular site, where the signs should be located and preference of style to be used.

Byway Stop Markers The byway stop markers are intended to signal to the byway traveler that he or she has arrived at a site, and mark it accordingly as an important site worthy of a stop. Stories are told on the markers, especially in cases where kiosks do not exist. In addition, the byway map may be placed on the markers to further promote and guide navigation to all the sites. Two options for the size of the marker are shown. Larger markers may be used for sites located a distance from the byway versus smaller signs for sites located along the roadway. The markers should not be larger than is required to provide a visual queue.

75


Community Directional Signs Community directional signs may be used to announce a community along the byway. Upon entering a community, additional wayfinding signs may be added to direct travelers to sites of interest within the particular community. The system below shows six color options with the intention that each community will select a different color representation.

76

chap t er 6

|



Highway Signs Highway signs lead travelers to the byway route at key navigational points.

chap t er 6

|


77


Kiosk ID and Interpretive Signs Byway kiosks currently exist at five locations along the route. Below are options to add graphics to the existing kiosk structures, signaling to the traveler that these kiosks are part of the byway tour. The byway logo could be placed on the side of the kiosk or attached as a banner to the structure. The graphic panels in the kiosk show application of the byway logo, graphic style and placement of interpretive signage within the structure.

78

chap t er 6

|


Conclusion ch a p t er

7

How to Use This Plan This plan contains a compilation of rich resources to use for the future development of the byway. Within its contents are resources that managers at the various visitor centers, museums, sites, and communities can use as tools to help generate new interpretive features. The plan provides resources that can be used as guides, templates, and structures to follow in the development of many different interpretive programs. Note that the plan resources do not negate the need for a design phase to produce program components. But, the interpretive designer can use these tools as the foundation on which to build. And this will help to keep the unity of the program alive along the byway as things develop in the future. Here are resources in the plan and suggestions about how they can be used. Byway Themes and Sub themes • Development of New Interpretive features (all types) Byway Storylines • Interpretive Signs • Interpretive Exhibits • Live Programs • Bus Tours • Hand-held Guides and Marketing Materials 18 Stop Scripts and 6 Zone Scripts • AV Program • Podcasts • Website Interactive Map • Live Programs • Bus Tours Byway Map • Component of Interpretive Signs • Component in Interpretive Exhibits • Website Interactive Map • Hand-held Map and Guides

chap t er 7

|

co n clusi o n

79

Conclusion

Byway Brand • Interpretive Signs • Interpretive Exhibits • Byway Signage System Components • Hand-held Map and Guides • Bus Tours Graphic Program • Interpretive Signs • Interpretive Exhibits • Hand-held Guides and Marketing Materials Signage Program • Wayfinding to the Byway Sites • Promotion of Byway Sites • Structure to provide location for Interpretive Information at each Site Bibliography • Pertinent Books to help with development of Interpretive Elements (all types) Databases • Database of 18 Stops. This database is structured in files named by the 18 Stops along the Byway. Files contain sub-files organized by topics relevant to the interpretive stories at the site. • Database of Resources Gathered. This database is structured in files that name the person, library, or organization that supplied the images. This will help persons using any images in the future know how usage should be credited. And this can provide knowledge of who could be contacted for additional resources.

80

chap t er 7

|

co n clusi o n