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Received: 20 April 2018 Revised: 15 July 2018 Accepted: 1 August 2018 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.716
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Microbial effects of livestock manure fertilization on freshwater aquaculture ponds rearing tilapia (Oreochromis shiranus) and North African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Jeremiah J. Minich1
| Qiyun Zhu2 | Zhenjiang Zech Xu2 | Amnon Amir2 |
Maxon Ngochera3 | Moses Simwaka5 | Eric E. Allen1,4 | Hastings Zidana5 | Rob Knight2,4,6 1 Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 2
Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 3
Department of Fisheries, Fisheries Research Unit, Monkey Bay, Malawi 4
Center for Microbiome Innovation, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 5
National Aquaculture Center, Domasi, Malawi 6
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California Correspondence Rob Knight, Professor, Director of Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA. Email:
[email protected] and Hastings Zidana, Director, National Aquaculture Centre, Domasi, Zomba, Malawi. Email:
[email protected]
Funding information The first author, Jeremiah J Minich was supported by the Fulbright Program research grant to carry out this research in Malawi.
Abstract The majority of seafood is farmed, with most finfish coming from freshwater ponds. Ponds are often fertilized to promote microbial productivity as a natural feed source to fish. To understand if pond fertilization with livestock manure induces a probiotic or prebiotic effect, we communally reared tilapia (Oreochromis shiranus), and North African catfish (Clarias gariepinus), for 4 weeks under seven manure treatments including layer chicken, broiler chicken, guinea fowl, quail, pig, cow, vs. commercial feed to evaluate microbial community dynamics of the manure, pond water, and fish feces using 16S and 18S rRNA marker genes along with metagenome sequencing. Catfish growth, but not tilapia, was positively associated with plankton abundance (p = 0.0006, R2 = 0.4887) and greatest in ponds fertilized with quail manure (ANOVA, p
