Lecture : 2 credits, Lab.work : 1 credit. ▣ Students should be in class on time. 10
minutes after the lecture started, the door will be closed. ▣ Cell phones should ...
Marlia Singgih Wibowo School of Pharmacy Institut Teknologi Bandung
Lecture : 2 credits, Lab.work : 1 credit Students should be in class on time. 10 minutes after the lecture started, the door will be closed. Cell phones should be adjusted to ‘silent’ mode Wear clean and proper outfit , proper shoes Homework, Quiz, Group Discussion, Presentation, Student’s participation Exams : 1x mid-sem, 1x final exam Questionnaire and inputs, rewards and punishments
Three Domains of Life Prokaryotes Bacteria
Archaea Green non-sulfur bacteria
Mitochondrion
Proteobacteria Chloroplast Cyanobacteria Flavobacteria
Thermotoga Aquifex
Eucarya (Eukaryote)
Crenarchaeota
Euryarchaeota
Methanosarcina Gram Methanobacterium positivesThermoproteus Methanococcus Pyrodictium Thermococcus
Animals Entamoebae Slime molds Extreme Halophiles
Thermoplasma Methanopyrus
Fungi Plants Ciliates Flagellates
Trichomonads
Korarchaeota Microsporidia Diplomonads Universal phylogenetic tree as determined from comparative sequencing of 16S or 18S rRNA (Wheelis et al. 1992).
Pathogenic : can cause deterioration of products, diseases to human or other organisms Non-pathogenic : give benefits to human and its environment
NEMATODES
FUNGI
ALGAE
ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT FUNGI
Streptococcus sobrinus
Streptococcus mutans
Caries on teeth
Field Pharmacy
Product Penicillin Griseofulvin Cyclosporin
Source P.chrysogenum P.griseofulvum Trich.polysporum
Usage antibacteria antifungi immunosuppresant
Agriculture
Zealarenone Gibberellins
Gibberella zeae G.fujikuroi
growth promoter plants hormon
Industry
Amylase
Asp.oryzae, niger
Lipase
degradation of amilum Mucor, Aspergillus degradation of lipid
H Adolf Krebs
Medicines Pharmaceutical Raw materials Excipients Cosmetics Food and beverages Medical Devices Toiletries , Households
Why Pharmaceuticals need to fulfill microbiological requirement/quality? What is the effect if the products failed to fulfill the requirements? How to test it? How to determine the result? When….?? Where…??
SAFETY QUALITY BENEFIT
Can cause : physical , chemical or biological destruction Factors influenced microbial growth in products : content in product, environment Mechanisms or ways of microbes in ruination of the products Risk and hazards of infection and contamination
Jenis produk
Perubahan
Mikroba penyebab
Antasida (MgOH)
Bau amoniak
coliform
Emulsi m/a
Pemisahan fase
Trichoderma viridae
Krim calamine
Hypha jamur
Penicillium spp.
Sirup obat batuk
Populasi mikroba
Osmotolerant moulds
Tablet prednisolon
Perubahan warna
Aspergillus spp.
Pengental sirup
Viskositas berubah
yeast
Pengujian Mikrobiologi yang tercantum di Farmakope Indonesia edisi IV: 51 Uji batas mikroba 61 Uji efektivitas pengawet antimikroba 71 Uji sterilitas 131 Penetapan potensi antibiotik secara mikrobiologi 1321 Indikator biologik 1371 Sterilisasi dan jaminan sterilitas bahan kompendia
Sub culture Storage in solid media : soil, beads, etc Storage in liquid media : water, mineral oil Cold storage : lyophylization, freeze-drying Cryo-preservation : in liquid nitrogen
Storage (liquid nitrogen tanks)
Office
Destruc tion
Laboratorium for microbiology assays
Quaranti ne
Preparation Receiving samples
masuk
BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS
Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) Botulinum (Clostridium botulinum) Cholera (Vibrio cholerae) Ebola (Filovirus, Arenavirus, Flavivirus and Bunyavirus) Hemorrhagic Fever Gasbrand (Clostridium) Yellow Fever (Gelbfieber-Virus) Tularaemi (Francisella tularensis) Mouth and Nail Diseases (Aphtenvirus) Pest (Yersinia pestis) Chicken pox , Variola (Orthopoxvirus variola and Orthopoxvirus alastrim) Polio (Picornaviren)
Bacillus anthracis Spores are heat stable , colourless, tasteless, odorless, First attack cattle, but then can infect human
Milzbrand-Erreger
Industrial Microbiology (Food, Pharmaceutical) Medical Microbiology Environmental Microbiology Analytical Microbiology
Microorganisms as tested microbes : used to detect their response against samples Microorganisms as contaminant (in pharmaceutical products, food, or cosmetic)
Preparation of method, apparatus and reagents ↓ Identification of samples ↓ Sampling process ↓ Qualitative Analysis ↓ Quantitative Analysis ↓ Result report
Antibiotics and other therapeutic agents Vaccines and other biological products Diagnostic kits
