Model-based and Qualitative Reasoning in

Model-based and Qualitative Reasoning in Biomedicine

Working notes of the workshop held during The 9th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, AIME’03 Protaras, Cyprus, 19th October, 2003

Peter Lucas (Editor)

Preface These are the working notes of the workshop on Model-based and Qualitative Reasoning in Biomedicine, which was held during the European Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, AIME’03, on 19th October, 2003, in Protaras, Cyprus. The workshop brought together various researchers involved in the development and use of model-based and qualitative reasoning methods in tackling biomedical problems. Much of the biomedical knowledge is essentially model-based, as it is the understanding of the structure and function of biomedical systems that researchers wish to achieve, and this is best done by developing models of these systems. In situations where it may not be appropriate or possible to use quantitative methods, researchers use qualitative approaches. Depending on the biomedical problem concerned, such descriptions may involve causal, temporal and spatial knowledge, possibly of an uncertain nature. Also in the medical management of disorders in patients, qualitative and model-based approaches are being used. For example, systems used for diagnosing disease rely on explicit models of normal or abnormal structure and behaviour (often referred to as ’first-principles models’) of the underlying disease process. Qualitative knowledge plays a role in the modelling of disease and treatment processes, including the handling of the uncertainty involved in these processes. Hence, there is little doubt that model-based and qualitative methods fit the biomedical domain really well. However, one of the problems with research in the biomedical field is that researchers applying model-based and qualitative-reasoning methods are often closely linked to their application field, such as, for example, cell biology or clinical medicine, and find it difficult to keep in contact with colleagues doing similar research, but working in a different biomedical application field. This is even more difficult if the techniques used are also different. For example, researchers involved in Bayesian network research and researchers using qualitative simulation methods hardly exchange views and ideas, despite the fact that their methods have in common that they emphasise representing qualitative biomedical knowledge. It was the aim of this workshop to bring together researchers along the entire spectrum of the biomedical field, from health-care research and clinical medicine to human biology, using a variety of methods and techniques, from (qualitative) Bayesian networks and symbolic machine learning, to qualitative simulation. By looking at the table of content of these working notes, the reader may observe that these aim have indeed been achieved. I am grateful to my colleagues who served on the programme committee of the workshop (Klaus-Peter Adlassnig, Pedro Barahona, Ivan Bratko, George Coghill, Enrico Coiera, Carlo Combi, Marie-Odile Cordier, Marek Druzdzel, John Fox, Raffaella Guglielmann, Werner Horn, Liliana Ironi, Hidde de Jong, Elpida Keravnou, Rudibert King, Benjamin Kuipers, Casimir Kulikowski, Peter Lucas, Simon Parsons, Ren´e Quiniou, Silja Renooij, Steffen SchulzeKremer, Yuval Shahar, Robert Trelease, and Stefania Tentoni). They carefully read and reviewed each submission. Thanks are further due to Ivan Bratko and Linda van der Gaag for accepting my invitation to give an invited talk at the workshop. The workshop was organised by the Biomedical Task Group of MONET 1 , the Network of Excellence in Model-based Systems and Qualitative Reasoning. Without the commitment of the task-group members and the generous financial support offered by MONET, it would not have been possible to reach the same level of coverage of relevant topics as was achieved. I am grateful to the task-group members who were helpful in making the workshop a success, 1

http://monet.aber.ac.uk

i

in particular: Liliana Ironi, Raffaella Guglielmann, Stefania Tentoni, Marie-Odile Cordier, Ren´e Quiniou, and Philip Bang. Last but not least, the participants of the workshop made the effort of organising the workshop worthwhile. Also to them I would like to express my gratitude.

Peter Lucas, University Nijmegen, The Netherlands 28th September, 2003

ii

Contents Preface

i

Invited Talks

1

Ivan Bratko: Automated modelling with qualitative representations

3

Linda C. van der Gaag: Model-based reasoning with qualitative probabilistic networks

9

Papers

17

Jung-Wook Bang, Raphael Chaleil, and Jon Williamson: Two-stage Bayesian network for metabolic network prediction 19 Riccardo Bellazi, Raffaella Guglielmann, and Liliana Ironi: Qualitative reasoning for modeling metabolic systems: a case study 25 Elisa Fromont, Marie-Odile Cordier, Ren´e Quiniou, and Alfredo Hernandez: Kardio and Calicot: a comparison of two cardiac arrhythmia classifiers 29 Liliana Ironi and Stefania Tentoni: Challenging QR research issues in electrocardiology

35

Anand Kumar, Barry Smith, Mario Stefanelli, Silvana Quaglini, and Matteo Piazza: Implementing clinical guidelines in an organizational setup 39 Agnieszka Oni´sko and Marek J. Druzdzel: Effect of imprecision in probabilities on Bayesian network models: an empirical study 45 Robert Trelease and Jack Park: Qualitative reasoning in integrative biology: evolving a network experiment modeling system for collaborative multilevel systems research 51

iii

Invited Talks

1

2

Automated Modelling with Qualitative Representations Ivan Bratko


    
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wc

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12

Length

small large

+

+ +

Gastro-length small large

upper lower

+ upper lower

−

no yes

+

Physical-exam

no yes

Metas-loco

Metas-truncus

Endosono-truncus

T1-2 T3-4

+

no yes

Gastro-necrosis

+

Invasion-organs

+ no yes

Fistula

+

Endosono-wall

+

no yes

X-fistula

no yes

Endosono-mediast

+ +

+

+

Metas-liver

no yes

Metas-lungs

+ no yes

+

no yes

+ no yes

+

CT-truncus

no yes

Necrosis

no yes

Haema-metas

no yes

Endosono-loco

no yes

no yes

+

+

+

CT-loco

no yes

+ Stage

early late

+ no yes

+ no yes

no yes

+

+ no yes

+

Metas-cervix

Gastro-shape

non-ulcerating ulcerating

x < 10% x ≥ 10%

+

?

Sono-cervix

+

+ +

+

Weightloss

Gastro-circumf

+

local distant

Gastro-location

+ no yes

Lymph-metas

non-circular circular

Invasion-wall

T1-2 T3-4

+

+

+ +

Location

Passage

good impaired

Circumf

non-circular circular

Shape

non-ulcerating ulcerating

+

Lapa-diaphragm

no yes

+ no yes

CT-organs

Bronchoscopy

X-lungs

Lapa-liver

+ +

Lapa-truncus

CT-liver

no yes

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