Modification and Implementation of Kick Force Test on the Football Game تعديل وتطبيق اختبار قوة الضرب لكرة القدم Assist Prof: Amer Musa Abbas AL-Qadisiya University - College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences
Assist Lecturer: Haider Tawfeeq Salih AL-Qadisiya University - College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences
Lecturer: Ali Yaqoub Alkhafaji AL-Qadisiya University - College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences
[email protected] اشتملت المقدمة وأهمية البحث على :
ملخص البحث
أن انتقاء العبي كرة القدم ال يقتصر فقط على الخبرة الشخصية والمالحظة السطحية والصدفة
بل تحتاج الى إتباع األساليب العلمية السليمة واالعتماد على االختبار والقياس النتقاء الالعبين
وتحقيق المستويات المطلوبة مع االقتصاد في الوقت والجهد لذلك تحتاج لعبة كرة القدم من
ممارسيها صفات بدنية ومهارية لذا فعلى المدربين والعاملين في هذا المجال انتقاء الالعبين وفق
معايير محددة تؤهلهم إلنجاز األداء المهاري والبدني وفق الطموح لذا ينشده هذا المدرب .
حيث تجلت هذه األهمية في إيجاد اختبار لقياس قوة الضرب لكرة القدم ووضعه بين أيدي
المدربين واالتحادات الخاصة بهذه الفعالية واالستفادة منها بوضع الالعبين في المركز الخاص
بهم وتحقيق الهدف من وجودهم في هذه المراكز والمساعدة في إحراز األهداف بأفضل مستوى ممكن ،أما مشكلة البحث فكانت من خالل إطالع الباحثون على العديد من المصادر والمراجع
العلمية الخاصة بلعبة كرة القدم وجد اختبار واحد لقوة الضربة في هذه اللعبة من خالل قياس
المسافة التي تقطعها الكرة ألبعد مسافة ،ولكن من خالل االطالع ودراسة مادة البايوميكانيك
كانت أفضل زاوية للمقذوفات هي ( )54درجة ،وكان السؤال هل من الممكن أن جميع الالعبين
ي ؤدون هذه الضربة ضمن هذه الزاوية ،قد يكون بعضهم يمكنه أدائها وفق هذه الزاوية وذلك من خالل التدريب المستمر والمهارات العالية لديهم ولكن ليس الجميع فبعضهم يخرج عن هذه الزاوية بأعلى منها أو أقل وبالتالي قد تزداد المسافة بالزاوية المحددة وقد تقل في كبر أو األقالل من
هذه الزاوية ومن هنا قام الباحثون بتصميم اختبار جديد لقوة الضرب لكرة القدم ومعرفة األفضل
من خالل مقارنته مع االختبار القديم ،لذا ارتأى الباحثون الخوض في هذه الدراسة لمعرفة الفرق بينهما وايهما األفضل ووضعه بين أيدي المدربين والمختصين بهذه اللعبة وبذلك يتم معرفة قوة
ضرب الكرة لكل العب من بين الالعبين ومعرفة مستواهم لكي توضع لهم الخطط ومراكز اللعب وامكانية االستفادة منهم ضمن هذه المراكز ،ويهدف البحث الى ايجاد اختبار جديد لقياس قوة ضرب الكرة لكرة القدم ،والتعرف على الفروق بين االختبار القديم والجديد ،والتعرف على قدرة
االختبار الجديد على التمييز بين المختبرين ،وأفترض الباحثون بـوجود تباين بين االختبار الجديد لقوة ضرب الكرة واالختبار القديم ،واالختبار الجديد يميز بين األفراد ،وأشتمل الدراسات
النظرية على المفردات التي من خاللها التعرف على أغلب ما تدور عليه الدراسة الحالية ، وتضمنت منهجية البحث واجراءاتها الميدانية على المنهج المستخدم والمجتمع وعينة البحث
واألدوات واألجهزة التي تخدم الدراسة فضالً عن وضع مستويات خاصة بكل اختبار سواء كان
االختبار القديم أو الجديد وكيفية إجراء االختبارات وكذلك األسس العلمية لالختبار الجديد واجراء
القدرة التمييزية ودرجة الصعوبة ومن ثم تحصيل البيانات واجراء العمليات اإلحصائية عليها وفق الحقيبة اإلحصائية ( ، )spssوبعدها إجراء تعرض من خالل الجداول ومن ثم تحليلها ومناقشتها وتدعيمها بالمصادر العلمية ،وثم وضع االستنتاجات والتوصيات . Abstract: The preface and the importance of this research consisted of: Selection of football players is not depends only on personal experience and mere observation or by chance, but it depends on sound scientific methods and rely on tests and measurements to achieve the desired levels and to reduce time and efforts. Football game players need certain physical and skill characteristics, so coaches and staff are usually selecting players according to specific standards to fulfill a skillful and physical performance. The importance of this research was in finding a test for measuring the football kicking force, and put that test in the hands of coaches and football game unions in order to put players in the positions efficiently and achieve the purpose of their presence in these positions to make goals in the best possible level. Research justification emerged through researchers surveying many football game sources and scientific references, they found only one test for measuring football kick force by measuring the maximum ball's distance traveling, but according to biomechanic science, the best angle of throwing projectiles is 54 degrees.
The question is: Is it possible that all players can perform such a kick within this angle?, It may be some of them can perform it through continuous training and high skills they have, but not everyone, so some of them deviate from this angle more or less, thus travelling distance of the ball may increases or decreases. For that emerged the research justification. Researchers designed a new test for measuring football kick force and they compared it with the old test to know the best one. So researchers felt going into this study to know the difference between these two tests and whichever is better to put it in the hands of coaches and specialists in this game. By using this test, they can know the kick force applied on the ball for each Player and find out their level in order to put their plans and player positions efficiently. The purpose of this study is to find a new test for measuring the kick force applied on the ball of football game, as well as to identify the differences between the old and new test, and knowing the new test's ability to distinguish between the samples under test. The researchers presume that there is a disparity between the new test and old test, and the new test can discriminate between individuals. Theoretical framework included a vocabulary for most of terms used in this study. Research methodology and field procedures included the methodology used, community, research sample, tools and devices used, establishing a specific test levels for each new and old test , how to conduct the tests, the scientific basis of the new test and transacted the discriminatory ability and the degree of difficulty. Then collecting data and conducting the statistical processes using (SPSS) application, and then presented the results in tables and then analyzed and discussed scientifically, then the conclusions and recommendations. 1 Research Description: 1-1 Introduction and study importance: Football game is a famous and popular game that received the attention of sports experts in all specialty. Due to the science and knowledge development in many fields today, especially in sports fields, this game draw the attention of researchers, that was reflected on the playing methods evolution, plans and laws that have contributed to give an aesthetic to players performance and increase the enthusiasm of audience.
Accomplishment of high achievements process is no longer depends only on training, but also on the selection process, which provides greater opportunities for a football player to achieve optimal athletic achievement. That the selection of football players is not just about personal experience and mere observation or by chance, but it needs to follow sound scientific methods rely on tests and measurements in order to achieve the desired levels with less time and effort. For that, football game player needs a special physical and skill properties, so trainers and workers in this field must choose players according to specific standards that qualify them for skillful and physical performance according to coach desire. Hence, the importance of the study is to find a special codified test according to scientific basis to help coaches to get players to achieve a high level of skillful and physical performance to achieve best results. Where it reflected the research importance in finding a test for measuring the football kick force and put that test in the hands of coaches and football sport unions to benefit from in order to put players in positions and achieve the purpose of their presence in these positions, which assists in scoring in best possible level. 1-2 search justifications: The aim of the tests, whether physical or psychological, or skill ... is to know the level of the players in these aspects positively or negatively for the purpose of the development level in both cases. Through researchers have reviewed many sources and scientific references dealing with football game, they found only one test for measuring football kick force by measuring the maximum distance traveled by the ball. According to biomechanics laws, the best angle of throwing projectiles for maximum distance is 54 degrees. The question is: is it possible that all the players can perform such a kick within this angle?. It may be some of them can by continuous training and high skills, but not all of them, some deviate from this angle more or less and thus may increase or decrease the distance. Hence, the researchers are to design a new test for measuring football kick force, and then comparing this test with the old one to know which is better. So researchers felt going into this study to know the differences between them, and whichever is better and put it in the hands of coaches and specialists in
this game to help coaches in planning and specifying players' positions and to take advantage of their presence within these positions. 1-3 Research Objectives: The research objectives are: Find a new test to measure the football kick force. Identify the differences between the old and new test. Identify the new test to distinguish between the ability of examined individuals. 1-4 Hypotheses: Researchers supposed that: There is a difference between the new test of measuring football kick force and the old test. New test distinguishes between individuals. 1-5 Research limits: 1.5.1 Human limits: A sample of students of the Physical Education and Sports Science College - Al-Qadisiyah University, 5th grade for year 4105 - 4104. 1.5.2 Time limits: For the period from 41040104 to 410405004. 1.5.3 Spatial limits: external stadiums of Physical Education and Sports Science College - Qadisiyah University.
2. Theoretical studies: 2-1 Considerations to be taken into account when conducting the test: 041546-
The spatial, time, climatic and psychological conditions. Level, sex and age. Economy considerations. Thrill and excitement. Ease and clarity of the test. Basis of determining staff and assistants.
2-2 Specifications and basis of good test:
Qeis Naji Abdul-Jabbar and Shamil Kamil, Principles of Statistics in Physical Education ,Higher Education Press ,Baghdad ,8811 ,P: 801-81.
1. Validity: the test should be considered valid if it can measure the property that it created for: 4. Reliability: test should be considered reliable if it would give us the same result when it repeated over and over again (assuming that measuring conditions aren't changing). 3. Objectivity: the test should be consider objective if the record of examined individual independent from his personality, i.e., the beauty of line, order or logical sequence of showing ideas does not affect the test. 4. Comprehension: the comprehensive test is the test that contains a sample of questions that cover most of the behavioral objectives and skills wanted to achieve in students, hence can measure the students behaviors. 5. Discrimination: A good test is the test that contains a variety of levels of ease and difficult questions, so that test should be considered distinct. 6. Standardized: Standardized test means putting unified and correct conditions for conducting the test. 7. Usability: It is one of factors, which determines whether the test conducting is good, for example the cost. Test usability may include the following elements: Easy setup. Ease of execution. Ease of correction. Economy. 2-3 Basic skills in football: There are a variety of skills in football game related with other elements and components of the game. Basic skills are considered the first substrate for achievement in football matches, and occupies an important aspect in the daily training unit where players are training for long time until gain mastery, for reliable implementation of tactical play in different positions. Most experts and specialists agree on the basic skills in the game of football, namely: 0. Rolling ball.
Zaid Huwaidi, the Basics of Educational Evaluation ,University Book House ,Al Ain , 4002, P: 48. Mouafaq Asaad, Learning Basic Skills in Football, 8st ed., Dijla House, Ammn, 4008, P: 18.
4. Kick the ball by foot and head. 1. Ball Control ball (bouncing the ball in the air). 5. Handling. 4. Extinction. 6. Prevarication and deception. 7. Attacking (passing). 8. Chargement. 9. Heading (handling and scoring). 01. Sidekick. 00. Goalkeeper Skills. In addition, there are other skills such as (running with the ball and the moving toward space). 2-4 The explosive force: It is Known as (the highest dynamic force that muscle or group of muscles can produce at one-time). Explosive force comes once at maximum power and speed, i.e. it is a mixture of force and speed at the same time. This explains its deference from speedy force, where speedy force could be repeated, but the explosive force could not. Qassim Hassan and Bastawisi says, "The explosive force means the maximum force at least possible time". In addition, Salam Jabbar indicates, "explosive force means the ability of working muscles groups to participate in kinetic skillful performance, as in case at the moment of jumping for heading or at moment of shooting". 2-5 The Projectiles: We know that According to the movement of bodies laws in mechanics, the most appropriate angle to throw the projectile to achieve a maximum distance is 54 degrees, in which the rising level in the same level of the falling. but if there was a difference between these two levels, the angle varies according to many factors like the difference between the rising and falling levels, speed of the projectile and air resistance, especially in events where air resistance plays a big role, as in javelin and
Bastawisi Ahmed, Fundamentals and Theories of Sports Training, Cairo, Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi, 8888, p: 881. Qassim Hassan Hussein and Ahmed Bastawisi, Isometric Muscular Training, Cairo, Alrejewi Press, 8811, p: 21. Salam Jabbar Sahib, Predictive Value of Skillful Performance in terms of physical, skills, physical ,Kinetic and physiological measurements for selecting junior football players, PhD thesis, University of Babylon, Physical Education and Sports Science College, 4001, P: 11.
disk games , where the shape of body effects on the results. So the throwing angle of the disc downwind differs from the throwing angle of the disc reverse to the wind. The player must consider all factors affecting the projectile during throwing, as well as when it is in the air to reduce the negative impact of forces and benefit of positive forces to achieve a better distance. 3 Field research methodology and procedures: 3.1 Research Methodology: Researcher used the descriptive survey method because it fits the nature of the study justifications. 3.2 Community and the research sample: Research community consisted of (674) students from the College of Physical Education and Sports Science - Al-Qadisiyah University, for year 4105-4104. Where researcher chose (079) students only from 5th grade as research sample randomly (simple random), which represented (4636162) of total community. The students who have been conducted the test were (014) students only, because some students did not attend the test for many reasons like illness and other, where represent the (4836492) of whole student number of 5th grade, and (0436442) of the whole community. 3-3 equipments, tools and methods used in the study:
Arab sources and references. Data collection form. A questionnaire for collecting ideas of specialists and experts. The new test device. Measuring tape, football stadium + five footballs, and assistant team.
3-4 Steps to implement study: 3.4.1 The new test of measuring football kick force: Purpose of the test: measuring the football kick force. Tools used: a football stadium + footballs. Test description: the examined student stands in any convenient of a wide space (prefers football legal stadium), then we put the
Refer to supplement (8)
ball in the device that measures the speed of football kicking, then the student kick the ball that travels for a distance measured by the measuring tape, the device measures the speed of the ball. Note the laboratory performance of this test in any way possible in order to be similar to the performance during the match depending on the direction guide the ball and place of the other fellow. Recording: The examined student performs (1) attempts, where the best speed considered and recorded on the form. then The researchers calculate the kick force for each examined student using the equation: F=speed X g (where g=938 N/kg)
Fig (1): The new football kick force test Table (1): Records of the test and record of the examined student in football kick force test.
Ser. Group and Crude time 0 1 N/m4- less than 057 N/m4 4 057 N/m4- less than 08531 N/m4 1 08531 N/m4- less than 44036 N/m4 5 44036 N/m4- less than 44839 N/m4 4 44839 N/m4- less than 49634 N/m4 6 49634 N/m4- less than 11134 N/m4 7 11134 N/m4- less than 17138 N/m4 8 17138 N/m4- less than 51930 N/m4 9 51930 N/m4- less than 55635 N/m4 01 55635N/m4- less than 58137 N/m4 00 58137 N/m4- less than 441 N/m4 3-4-2 The exploratory experiment:
Standard record 1 0 4 1 5 4 6 7 8 9 01
Researchers conducted the exploratory experiment on a sample of (4) students from research community did not take part in the main experiment, the purpose of the exploratory experiment are: Know the pros and cons of the new test, and what are the obstacles that may occur? The time required to conduct the test and the time to repeat it with comparison with old test. Checking the readiness of assistant and organizing of forms for registration of the records. Checking the validity of tools used in the new test, the potential of these tools to damage, and the time required for repairing. 3-4-3 The scientific basis of the new test: 3-4.3-1 Test validity: Validity is studying of the test content and examining its various elements to check whether it is representing the subject content (property or ability) that measured. In order to check the new test validity, researchers presented the test to the measurement and validation experts with full explanations for the test and validity of the materials used, and take their practical ideas about the test into account, as well as the measuring accuracy of test. Test validity adopted through the answers of experts by the proportion of their agreement, then researchers determine (calculated Chai square) value for (4) experts as (4), and (tabulated Chai square) as (1385) at the level of significance (1314) and degree of freedom (0). 3-4-3-2 Test Reliability: Researchers determine the Reliability coefficient (retest), where the test was conducted on (01) students from the community, and re-conducted a week later to see how much the test is reliable. Then researchers analyzed the data statistically, and determined correlation coefficient value between records of two tests as (13984), which is greater than tabulated value (1614) when the degree of freedom (8) and level of significance (1314). This indicates the presence of significant correlation between two tests and indicates that the new test is reliable and effective. 3-4-3-3 Test objectivity:
Abu Hatab and Others, Psychological Calendar, 1rd ed., Cairo, Egyptian Anglo library, 8811, p: 812. Refer to supplement (8).
There are several meanings for objectivity, for instance, it means the clarity of test conducting instructions and calculation of records or its results, or it could mean the objective of the test. The test is not affected by self-factors of arbitrators of the test, then the test is objective if there is no divergence between the views of arbitrators, if there are more than one arbitrator. Researchers determine the test objectivity of the new test using (01) students outside from the research sample, and evaluated by two arbitrators, then researchers analyzed data and calculate correlation coefficient value between the grades of the two referees, as (13904) which is greater than tabulated value (13614) at level of significance (1314) and degree of freedom (8). This indicates a presence of a complete correlation significant between the arbitrator's provisions, and indicates that the test is objective and not subject to the factors of self-judgments. 3-4-4 Tests used in the study: Football kick force test: The purpose of the test: Measurement of the football kick force. Tools: legal football stadium, measuring tape (in meter), legal footballs. Performance Description: the examined student stands in any area that allows him to kick ball towards an open space, where the examined kick the ball as far as possible, taking into account that throwing angle is 54 degrees. Recording: The examined student perform (1) attempts, where the best speed considered and recorded on the form.
54 درجة
Mohammed Jassim al-Yasiri, The Scientific Basis of the Tests of Physical Education, Dar Al Diaa Printing / Najaf, 8st ed., 4080, p: 11. -MD Laith Jabbar Nie'ma, Physical Education and Sports Science College - University of Qadisiyah. -MD Mohammed Hatem Abdul-Zahra, hysical Education and Sports Science College - University of Qadisiyah.
Fig (2): The old football kick force test.
The following table shows the time of the performance standards: Table (1) records of the test and examined student in football kick force test
Ser. 0 4 1 5 4 6 7 8 9 01 00
Group and Crude time 1 m- 04 m or less 04 m- 0838 m or less 0838 m- 4436 m or less 44..6 m- 4635 m or less 4635 m- 1134 m or less 1134 m- 15 m or less 15 m- 1738 m or less 1738 m- 5036 m or less 5036 m- 5435 m or less 5435 m- 5934 m or less 5934 m- 41 m
Standard record 1 0 4 1 5 4 6 7 8 9 01
3-5 Discriminative ability: Researchers arranged the results of (014) students obtained in ascending order, and then they select the values of two groups which constitute ratio of (472) of the upper and lower. The number of students per group are (49) students, then they were calculated (t) value between the values of upper and lower of independent and non-correlated samples which is (513767). When that value compared with the tabulated (t) value (0.670) when degree of freedom (46) and level of significance (1314), they found that this test has an ability to distinguish between examined students significantly. 3-6 Degree of difficulty of the test: Difficulty coefficient permanent necessity in all achievement tests that rely on the optimum performance being gives us an indication of how extent which the test accomplished and the level of research sample performance by the ratio after data canalization processes. Researchers
determined difficulty coefficient of the two tests as shown in the results and canalization part. 3-7 The main test: Through researchers have reviewed many sources and scientific references dealing with football game and tests of kick force, researchers conducted the main test on the research sample (014 students from 5th grade of Physical Education and Sports Science College - Al-Qadisiyah University) in date 410405009-41 according to their own schedule and with help of teaching staff. Data collected during lectures, so that it does not effect on studying. Then they conducted the new test immediately after old test has been end-taking advantage of the exploratory test from where knowing the obstacles of the test during conducting the test. 3-8 Statistical methods: Researchers used the computer statistical package (SPSS), were they used the following statistical laws:
Arithmetic mean. Standard deviation. Percentage. (t) Coefficient for independent samples. The simple correlation (Pearson). Range of categories. Chai Square.
4 Results, analyzing and discussion: Table (1) presents the comparison of discrimination ability between the new and old test of the sample and the comparison of the difficulty coefficient between the new and old test, and the comparison of (t) value between the two tests. It also presents the correlation results for sample between the two tests to determine the stability of test results. The details of results shown below: Table (3) results of discrimination ability for both old and new test and analyzing. Ser. Variables Lower group Mean S.D. 0 Old test 43407 03470 4 New test 03847 13889
Upper group Mean S.D. 93644 13581 93791 13504
Calculated (t) value 483461 513767
Significance of differences Significant Significant
Tabulated (t) Value at level of significance (1314) and degree of freedom (46) = (03670).
Table (1) shows the discrimination ability through means, standard deviations, and calculated and tabulated (t) values for both lower and upper groups of the old and new tests, the results of old and new tests are: For both upper and lower groups, Means are (93644, 03847) respectively, Standard deviations (03470-13889) respectively. Results of upper group are (93644-93791) respectively, and a standard deviation of (13581-13504) respectively. values of calculated (t) for both old and new tests are (483461-513767) respectively, and when it compared with the tabulated (t) value, which is (03670), at level of significance (1314) and degree of freedom (1314), we find that calculated (t) value is greater than tabulated value. That shows a significance differences for both tests between lower and upper groups in favor of upper group, which shows the validity of new test and its ability to distinguish between students, this proved the first hypothesis and thus achieved the first purpose of the study. Table (4): View and analyze results of the difficulty coefficient at sample level The variable
The test
Research sample
Achievement degree of ideal sample
014
Total Degree of test evaluation 01
Degree of difficulty
Old test New test
Difficulty coefficient
0141
Total achievement degree of sample 618
014
01
0141
669
613705
613760
Coefficient Significance
Medium difficulty Medium difficulty
between the old and new tests. Accepted difficulty coefficient value between (more than 02 - and less than 02)
Table (5) presents the values of difficulty coefficient for both old and new test and their significant, we can see that difficulty coefficient of the old test is (613705) which is a medium difficulty, because it is within the accepted value that make the community of a moderated distribution with respect to phenomenon under test. This indicates that the test is meeting all the scientific theoretical fundamentals in the definition. While the new test has a coefficient of the difficulty of (613760) which is a medium difficulty, because the value in between two rejection values (less than 41 - and more than 81). This indicates that the test is meeting all the scientific theoretical fundamentals in the definition and here the second hypothesis is approved and has achieved the first purpose of the study. 4-3 View and analyze the sample level results between the old and new tests:
Table (5): Calculated (t) value for the two groups of old and new tests. Ser.
variables
0
Football kick force
Old test Mean S.D. 63176 13411
New test Mean S.D. 63170 4.946
Calculated (t) value 13695
Correlation Significance Non-Significant
Tabulated (t) Value at level of significance (...5) and degree of freedom (2.8) = (1.645).
Table (4) presents calculated (t) value which equal to (13695) that calculated through means of old and new tests (63176-63170) respectively and standard deviations (13411-43946) respectively. Comparing calculated (t) value with tabulated (t) value (03654) at level of significance (1314) and degree of freedom (418) shows that calculated (t) value less than tabulated (t) value, i.e. there is Non-Significant differences in sample level of both tests. If we check means of the sample in each test, we find that assessment of first test is greater than the new test assessment; this reflects the ease of performance in the old test. researchers also attribute this decline to that new test may be taken into account most of football kick force aspects through putting the right basis to measure this force in terms of the nature of kicking the ball which was similar to the natural kicking, as has been proved in coefficient of difficulty in table (5). Here the third hypothesis is proven and has achieved the second purpose of the study. 4-4 Results of correlation coefficients between the old and new test and analyzing: Table (6): values of the calculated correlation coefficients (r) for the old test and new test. Ser. variables
test
0
Old test New test
football kick force
calculated tabulated correlation correlation coefficients coefficients (r) (r) 13447 13018
Correlation Significance
Strong Significance
Tabulated (r) Value at level of significance (...5) and degree of freedom (2.8).
Table (6) presents value of correlation coefficient of the sample between the old and new test results, where the calculated value is (13040), which is less than tabulated value (13018) at level of significance (1314) and degree of freedom (418), i.e. there is a Strong Significance. Researchers attribute this result to the differentiation between the two tests, and this significantly affected in proving of individual's ability to obtain the same result in both tests. As well as the new test, which includes more than one variable to reflect the measuring
of kick force, can get differentiation in Individuals under test more than the old test, which includes only one variable to measure the kick force. That shows a strong correlation between these tests. Thus third hypothesis is proven and has the second goal of the research is achieved. 4-5 Overall Discussion of the old and new test results: Through data presented in tables (1, 534, and 6), we can see that the new test has preference on the old test for many reasons: Measuring of kick force according to modern scientific basis. Using more variables. The new test took into account several aspects in how to measure kick force accurately. Using a new tool (measuring of the ball velocity), where the old test tainted by lack of precise measurement of the football kick force when ball kicking angle (less or more than force 54 degrees). The new test can differentiate better between sample individuals than the old test at the level of assessment of the differences, that resulting from the diversity and continuous changing in test conducting which impacts positively on the results, thus fulfilling the justice, equality, excitement and thrill principles. Sample results that emerged through the correlation coefficient in table (6) shows a strong correlation between the two tests. that is the significant correlation indicates that both tests (old and new) have no difference between them in measuring of the football kick force and that in the new test being taken into account most of the force components in ball kicking. Scientific sources confirm that the "Synergy of the mechanical laws and systems of the nervous system and musculature to guide, organize and determine the shape of the kinetic activity.". As well as what confirmed by (grosser, 0994) who said," The co-working between nervous system and musculature in accordance with the voluntary movements involved various parts of the central and peripheral neuropathy and development of psychological and mental qualities which both considered as one of the requirements for mastering the art of kinetic performance."0.
Abdullah Huwail Farhan, Impact of Different Training Curricula sizes on the Physical, Physiological and Performance Skills Variables of junior football players, Unpublished Master Thesis, Physical Education and Sports Science College - University of Qadisiyah, 4118, P: 84. Crosser, m; Diezweekgy mn astik 8.a, schorndorf . 8881, p840 .
Therefore, we can use both tests, As the old test is similar to the performance, but the measurement is not correct when compared with the new method of testing but the new test is better because it uses the scientific basis in measuring the football kick force. 5 Conclusions and recommendations: 5-1 conclusions: Through data presentation, analysis and discussion, the researchers reached the following conclusions: 0. The new test discrimination from the old in measuring the strength to hit the ball because of it Significant impact on the distinction between testers. 4. New test relish a difficulty coefficient more than old test and match with the great development in the physical preparation today. 1. The technology used in the tool of new test prominent in the registry 5. Objective data has a significant role in recording data accurately. 5-2 recommendations: From conclusions, researchers recommend the following: 0. To use of the new test for measuring the kick force of football. 4. Conducting periodic tests of football kick force for its great importance in some games. 1. Conduct similar research's to update the previous tests of physical and skill capabilities according to the development in all sports fields to gain the best and most accurate results.
Arabic and foreign sources: Abu Hatab and Others, Psychological Calendar, 1rd ed., Cairo, Egyptian Anglo library, 0987. Ahmed Bastawisi, Basis and Theories of Sports Training, Cairo, Dar Al- fikr Al-Arabi, 0999. Zaid Huwaidi, the Basics of Educational Evaluation, University Book House, Al-Ein, 4115. Salam Jabbar Sahib, Predictive Value of Skillful Performance in terms of Physical, Skills, Physical, Kinetic and Physiological Measurements for Selecting Junior Football Players, PhD
thesis, University of Babylon, Physical Education and Sports Science College, 4116. Abdullah Huwail Farhan, Impact of Different Training Curricula sizes on the Physical, Physiological and Performance Skills Variables of junior football players, Unpublished Master Thesis, Physical Education and Sports Science College - University of Qadisiyah, 4118. Qeis Naji Abdul-Jabbar and Shamil Kamil, Principles of Statistics in Physical Education, Higher Education Press, Baghdad, 0988. Qassim Hassan Hussein and Ahmed Bastawisi, Isometric Muscular Training, Cairo, Alrejewi Press, 0978. Mouafaq Asaad, Learning Basic Skills in Football, 0st ed., Dijla House, Ammn, 4119. Mohammed Jassim al-Yasiri, The Scientific Basis of the Tests of Physical Education, Dar Al Diaa Printing / Najaf, 0st ed., 4101 Crosser, m; Diezweekgy mn astik 0.a, schorndorf ,0999. Supplement (1): sport experts and specialists names
Se r. 0
Name Prof. Alaa Jabbar Abboud
4
Assistant prof Dr. Raafat Abdel-Hadi
1
Assistant Dr. Ahmed Fahim Nghesh
5
Assistant Dr. Haider Kareem Saied
4
Assistant lecturer: Mohamed Radi athab
Specializatio n Testing and Measurement Tests – Football Tests – Football Psychology Football Testing and Measurement
Place of work
Physical Education and Sports Science College-Al-Qadisiyah University. Physical Education and Sports Science College-Al-Qadisiyah University. Physical Education and Sports Science College-Al-Qadisiyah University. Physical Education and Sports Science College-Al-Qadisiyah University. Physical Education and SportsTests Science - Football Physical Edu College-Al-Qadisiyah University.
