MS1525:2007 1. MS1525:2007 is a Code of Practice

UCTS – A Certified Platinum Green Building Index (GBI) Campus and Energy Efficiency Strategies Presented to you by Kee K.K. (MSc, CEng, MIET, MIEEE)

UCTS – A Certified Platinum Green Building Index (GBI) Campus and Energy Efficiency Strategies

 Founded in 2013 and registered under IPTS  To be a world-class HEI, spearheaded to the development and production of technical human

resource for SCORE  1st university in Malaysia awarded as Platinum GBI campus in 2015  Design score – 86 (out of 100 marks)  Currently in Verification and

Commissioning assessment Presented to you by Kee K.K. (MSc, CEng, MIET, MIEEE)


Presented to you by Kee K.K. (MSc, CEng, MIET, MIEEE)


Building orientation

Spiral Funnel

Solar PV System - generate RE to offset building energy consumption

- avoid most opening to E-W

Doubled glazing window - reduce heat

Centralised HVAC Cooling System

Light shading

- optimally controlled by BMS

- reduce heat

Canopy – The Oculus - artificial rainforest for good light shading and ventilation

Light reflecting - max daylighting

Spiral Funnel

Inclined window (650)

- water harvesting / recycling

- reduce heat while daylighting

Fountain / Water reservoir

Building Management System

- reduce surround temp

- Automate / optimize building EE Presented to you by Kee K.K. (MSc, CEng, MIET, MIEEE)


WHY

Green Buildings at UCTS?

 SCORE (Renewable Energy)  Buildings Vs Environmental

Impacts  Energy Efficiency for long term

of building life cycle operation



Scientific facts about buildings

Source: Green Building Canada Presented to you by Kee K.K. (MSc, CEng, MIET, MIEEE)


Scientific facts about buildings Building operation cost



Green Building Index (GBI)  GBI - an environmental rating system for buildings, developed by PAM (Pertubuhan Arkitek Malaysia) and ACEM (the Association of Consulting Engineers Malaysia).  Evaluation of the environmental design and performance of Malaysian buildings based on the six (6) main criteria: 1.

Energy Efficiency

2.

Indoor Environment Quality

3.

Sustainable Site Planning & Management

4.

Materials & Resources

5.

Water Efficiency and

6.

Innovation.



Green Building Index (GBI) Assessment Criteria (NRNC)

Grading Classification

POINTS

POINTS

GBI RATING

1. Energy Efficiency

35

86+ Points

Platinum

2.

Indoor Environmental Quality

21

3.

Sustainable Site Planning & Management

16

76 to 85 points

Gold

4.

Material & Resources

11

66 to 75 points

Silver

5.

Water Efficiency

10

6.

Innovation

7

50 to 65 points

Certified

PART

ITEM

GBI CLASSIFICATION

TOTAL SCORE

100



Green Building Index (GBI)

MS1525:2014  Malaysia Standard - Code of Practice (CP) of building energy efficiency and the application of RE  Provides baseline / minimum standard tool energy efficient design.  Buildings > 4,000 m2 of air-conditioned space shall be provided with BMS / EMS system



What is BEI (Building Energy Index)?



Comparison of Malaysian buildings

LEO Building (Putrajaya)

Normal Buildings (KL)

ZEO Building (Bangi) Presented to you by Kee K.K. (MSc, CEng, MIET, MIEEE)


Comparison of Malaysian buildings  Average BEI of office buildings in Malaysia is 200-250. Only a few with BEI < 150  The benchmark buildings:  Securities Commission HQ (1999), BEI < 120  LEO building (2004), BEI = 100  PTM’s ZEO building (2007), BEI = 50 (0)  Energy Commission HQ (design), BEI = 80  UCTS, BEI < 100 (90) Source: Pusat Tenaga Malaysia, PTM, BEI of office buildings in Malaysia Presented to you by Kee K.K. (MSc, CEng, MIET, MIEEE)


Continuous Improvement project of EE buildings in Malaysia



Continuous Improvement project of EE buildings in Malaysia



90

0

UCTS

220

NON-EE Building

BEI (kWh/m2/year)

Continuous Improvement project of EE buildings in Malaysia - UCTS



Continuous Improvement project of EE buildings in Malaysia - UCTS UCTS BEI = 90 kWh/m2 year (Conventional) BEI = 220 kWh/m2 year  Savings = (220-90) / 220 = 60% (with a/c area = 22,845m2)

CO2 Saved per year = 2,969,850 x 0.841

Energy Saved per year = 2,969,850kWh OR

= 2,969,850 x 0.30 = RM890,955 (SEB Commercial rate: > 20,000 units, unit price = RM0.30)

= 2,497,643 kg/year CO2 = 2,498 tones CO2/year [ 0.841kg of CO2 emitted to the atmosphere for each 1kWh electricity generated by power plant (in Sarawak) ]



Energy Efficiency Strategies at UCTS

MS1525:2014 – The steps towards building energy efficiency



Energy Efficiency Strategies at UCTS Sustainable design approach  Design within contextual climate and site  Optimise the benefits from specific environment

Holistic approach  architectural + engineering + site planning + landscaping  Combination of PASSIVE and ACTIVE devices  Adopt mixed-mode systems – optimise daylighting and thermal comfort while reduce solar heat gain Presented to you by Kee K.K. (MSc, CEng, MIET, MIEEE)


Passive Design Strategies (Architectural) The basic approach towards good passive design:  to orientate  to shade  to insulate Building  to ventilate and Envelope  to daylight building.  Functions of buildings : Internal Environment VS Building Purpose  Responsive to its site context. The factors : Site planning / orientation, daylighting. façade, natural ventilation, thermal insulation, strategic landscaping, RE  Selection of active systems / devices to control visual / thermal comfort without significant cost Presented to you by Kee K.K. (MSc, CEng, MIET, MIEEE)


Passive Design Strategies (Architectural) (1) Site Planning and Orientation  Facades / openings : Avoid facing E & W. i.e. building longitudinal orientation  Building orientation vs microclimate : shading / shadowing, water fountain / ponds, plants  Microclimate info. e.g. consider local air temperature, radiant temp, RH, air velocity



Passive Design Strategies (Architectural) (2) Daylighting  Design stage : space orientation, properties of glazing, internal floor and surface (colour and reflectivity), visual contrast (e.g. between walls and ceilings) etc  Strategy : collect, transport, distribute light into buildings  reduce artificial lighting without increase solar heat gain  Daylight Factor, DF



Passive Design Strategies (Architectural) (3) Façade design  External face of building  indoor climate control, securing occupants from weathering.  GOOD FAÇADE : optimise daylighting + thermal comfort – walls / cladding and solar energy collection (BIPV, solar water heaters, ventilation system)  min heat gain  Sun-shading and sun path



Passive Design Strategies (Architectural) (4) Natural Ventilation  Uses natural forces – wind / buoyancy – to deliver fresh air, ventilate the building spaces without active device  Orientate the building for max exposure surface with inlets and outlets (5) Thermal insulation  Thermal insulation & mass  important to reduce solar heat gain Presented to you by Kee K.K. (MSc, CEng, MIET, MIEEE)


Passive Design Strategies (Architectural) (6) Strategic Landscaping  Reduce heat gain by :  shading  Shielding  creation of cooler  Microclimate surroundings by landscaping and aquascape i.e. plant types, materials for hardscape  reduce heat gain / reflection  Reduce Urban Heat Island Effect Presented to you by Kee K.K. (MSc, CEng, MIET, MIEEE)


Passive Design Strategies (Architectural)



Active Design Strategies – by BMS / EMS / BEMS  Building Energy Efficiency (EE) Optimisation – Uncertainty in performance evaluation, i.e. performance metric is not ISLANDED. The energy consumption depends 1. Indoor environmental quality parameters 2. Weather 3. Seasonal occupancy 4. User Profile etc  How to deal with them ? INTEGRATED DATA ACQUISITION by EMS  EMS – Subset of building automation system, for > 4000m2 air-conditioned space



Building Management System (BMS)

Metering Data Coordination Energy Production / Distribution / Consumption

Primary Air Plant Meters

Energy Production And Distribution

Integrated Room Automation

Coordination of Primary Air and Room Automation Presented to you by Kee K.K. (MSc, CEng, MIET, MIEEE)


Active Design Strategies Functions of EMS: (1) control of equipment  To save energy A. Basic EMS Capabilities B. EMS Optimisation (2) monitoring of equipment  To improve efficiency of operation  Operation diagnostics and data analysis (3) integration of sub-systems  To further improvement  E.g. safety & security (AHU as sandwich system for smoke control), IAQ improvement (purging smoke / fresh air), info management, system reliability Presented to you by Kee K.K. (MSc, CEng, MIET, MIEEE)


Active Design Strategies • Why Optimisation is required? • Buildings  dynamics with changes (in floor plans, space use, weather, plug loads, occupant densities) • OPTIMISE EMS Operation • requires Control Strategies • (1) reduce consumption VS (2) improve comfort • Strategies • Basic EMS Capabilities – to conserve energy • EMS Optimisation • Operational Diagnostics • Spreadsheets for EMS Data Analysis Presented to you by Kee K.K. (MSc, CEng, MIET, MIEEE)


Active Design Strategies (A) Scheduling • ON/OFF time and Set Points - OFF unnecessary equipment • The schedules -> applicability to user profile - Consistent of Schedules of (1) Zonal HVAC vs (2) Lighting and Occupancy • Daily scheduling • Calendar scheduling • Exception scheduling (B) Set Points • Space Temperature Set Point  require diagnostic to explore possibilities for reduce energy while maintain occupant's comfort • Dual Set Point Control (Dead Band)  Most common strategy - have separate cooling set points or one set point with wide dead band for different time of day Presented to you by Kee K.K. (MSc, CEng, MIET, MIEEE)


Active Design Strategies (A) Scheduling • ON/OFF time and Set Points - OFF unnecessary equipment • The schedules -> applicability to user profile - Consistent of Schedules of (1) Zonal HVAC vs (2) Lighting and Occupancy • Daily scheduling • Calendar scheduling • Exception scheduling (B) Set Points • Space Temperature Set Point  require diagnostic to explore possibilities for reduce energy while maintain occupant's comfort • Dual Set Point Control (Dead Band)  Most common strategy - have separate cooling set points or one set point with wide dead band for different time of day Presented to you by Kee K.K. (MSc, CEng, MIET, MIEEE)


Active Design Strategies (c) Ventilation Control •

•

•

NR buildings require less outside air for ventilation (15 ~ 40 CFM per occupant.) Variable control of min outside air damper position - maintain constant supply of fresh air in VAV during low cooling load. CO2 monitoring (indicates the no. of occupants) - CO2 sensor in return air stream – damper position is controlled to reduce cooling load / energy consumption with occupancy sensor. Presented to you by Kee K.K. (MSc, CEng, MIET, MIEEE)


Active Design Strategies (d) Resets • change of control parameter set points vs conditions (temperature / pressure) • Supply air / discharge air temperature • Mixed air temperature • Heating water temperature • VAV fan duct pressure and flow • Entering condenser water temperature • Chilled water supply temperature Presented to you by Kee K.K. (MSc, CEng, MIET, MIEEE)


Active Design Strategies (e) Chiller staging - for multiple chillers - optimisation by • staging equipment for max efficiency • resetting output parameters for max energy saving ==> determine total cooling load - compare part load efficiencies / capacities - determine most efficient mix of chiller --> endanger cycling of chiller / reduce life span (f) Air-side economizing • Use of cooler outside air to cool a building - free cooling • Night Ventilation Purge - during night time / early morning, outside cool air is purging / flushing the building - supply fans in economizer mode - reduce cooling load



Active Design Strategies – The lighting Lighting Sweep ON/OFF control, provide lighting when / where it is needed Simple method: OFF at night, remains OFF by periodically "sweep" them OFF e.g. 9pm - 5am - turn off all lights every hour Occupancy sensor Lighting ties with occupancy sensors (occupancy status) Both lighting and AC -> set back / OFF when unoccupied Daylight dimming zone with sufficient windows - lighting is dimmed and maintain the light level Use electronic ballasts Zone lighting control reduce lighting zone size, save more energy - occupied zone vs entire floor Intensity of lighting zone is adjusted for "task light" where necessary Presented to you by Kee K.K. (MSc, CEng, MIET, MIEEE)


Active Design Strategies - Overall



Active Design Strategies - Overall Monitoring based commissioning (MBCx) • Monitor / Analysis / diagnostic of building equipment performance -> Trending, points with "time stamp“ • Trends are used to verify equipment operation, energy conservation project results, energy saving performance contracts • Trending Points : info - temp / pressure / damper or valve position / VSD

signal / virtual points (internal calculation: BEI, enthalpy, target etc) / ON/OFF status / flow rate / alarm state / running current / power demand / energy consumption / RPM / LUX / RE parameters etc • Data Stream vs Change of Valve (COV) Presented to you by Kee K.K. (MSc, CEng, MIET, MIEEE)




Active Design Strategies – Optimisation



Challenges • Maximum Demand control • Demand charge may contribute up to 40% of utility bill • Demand limiting / load shedding approaches • Continuous monitoring / analysis for optimization • complex and interlocked / multi-objective optimization • Long / continuous process • Thermal comfort of occupants • subjective –requires the awareness of occupants and efforts • Energy Efficiency Strategies require collective works from all • the optimization requires collective works from all, awareness and cooperation. Presented to you by Kee K.K. (MSc, CEng, MIET, MIEEE)

































MS1525:2007 1. MS1525:2007 is a Code of Practice

MS1525:2007 1. MS1525:2007 is a Code of Practice

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MS1525:2007 1. MS1525:2007 is a Code of Practice