Murach's SQL Server 2012 for developers : [master the SQL ...

TRAINING & REFERENCE

murach's

SQL Server 2012

for developers Bryan Syverson Joel Murach

Mike Murach & Associates, 4340 N. Knoll Ave.

www.murach.com

•

•

Fresno, CA 93722 [email protected]

Inc.

Expanded

Expanded Section 1 Chapter

1

An

contents

introduction to SQL

An introduction to relational databases and SQL An introduction to client/server The hardware components of The software components of

a

systems

client/server system

a

6 8

introduction to the relational database model

An How

a

database table is organized

How the tables in

a

a

table

are

are

related

12

defined

14

How relational databases compare to other data models

An introduction to SQL and SQL-based

history of SQL comparison of Oracle, DB2, MySQL,

systems

A brief A

Typical

statements for

SQL

How to query a single table How to join data from two or How to add,

update,

22

with database

objects

and delete data in

a

28

table

30 32

How to work with other database

objects

How to work with views How to work with stored

How to

an

and user-defined functions

application program

models

36

38 38

How to use ADO.NET from a .NET

40

Visual Basic

42

C# code that

2

access

34 34

procedures, triggers,

SQL from

use

24 26

tables

more

SQL coding guidelines

Common data

20

22

statements

working

16

18 18

and SQL Server

The Transact-SQL statements An introduction to the

10 10

relational database

How the columns in

4 4

client/server system

Other client/server system architectures

Chapter

contents

How to

application code that retrieves data from a SQL Server database retrieves data from a SQL Server database

use

the

Management Studio

An introduction to SQL Server 2012 A summary of the How to start and

How

to

SQL

stop

Server 2012 tools

the database

engine

enable remote connections

An introduction to the How to connect to

a

Management Studio

database

database

a

How to back up

How to restore How to set the

a

a

54

56

58 58

database

60

database

compatibility

52

58

database

a

50

54

server

How to manage the database files How to attach

50

52

How to navigate through the database objects

How to detach

44

60

level for

a

database

62

V

vi

Expanded

contents

How to view and

64

modify the database

How to view the database

64

diagrams

How to view the column definitions of

a

66

table

66

How to modify the column definitions How to view the data of How

to

a

How to work with

68

table table

68

queries

70

the data of

modify

How to enter and execute

a

a

70

query

How to handle syntax errors

72

How to open and save queries An introduction to the Query Designer

74

76

How to use Books Online How to

78

Books Online

display

78

How to look up information

78

Section 2 The essential SQL skills Chapter

3

How to retrieve data from a

single table 86

An introduction to the SELECT statement The basic syntax of the SELECT statement

86

SELECT statement

88

examples

How to code the SELECT clause How

to

code column

How

to name

90

specifications

the columns in

How to code

90

a

result set

92 94

string expressions

How to code arithmetic

96

expressions

How to

use

functions

How to

use

the DISTINCT keyword to eliminate duplicate

98

How to

use

the TOP clause

to return a

subset of selected

rows

102

rows

How to code the WHERE clause How to

use

How to

use

104 104

comparison operators the AND, OR, and NOT logical operators

106

How to use the IN operator

108

How to

the BETWEEN operator the LIKE operator

110

the IS NULL clause

114

How

use

to use

How to

use

112

How to code the ORDER BY clause How to How

sort a

to sort a

result set by

a

result

an

How to retrieve

Chapter

4

100

a

set

by

column

alias,

range of selected

an

expression,

How to code

an

When and how

inner

to use

joins

column number

118 120

or more

tables 126 126

join correlation

116 or a

rows

How to retrieve data from two How to work with inner

116

name

names

128

How to work with tables from different databases

130

How to

132

compound join conditions How to use a self-join Inner joins that join more than two tables How to use the implicit inner join syntax use

134 136 138

Expanded

How to work with outer How to code Outer

join examples

Outer

joins

that

join

Other skills for

140 142

more than two tables

144

with

working

How to combine inner and outer How to use cross

140

joins

join

outer

an

146

joins joins

146 148

joins

How to work with unions The syntax of

a

150

union

150

Unions that combine data from different tables Unions that combine data from the How to

Chapter 5

use

150

same table

152

the EXCEPT and INTERSECT operators

How to code summary How to work with that

use

160

aggregate functions

160

aggregate functions

162

How to group and summarize data

164

How to code the GROUP BY and HAVING clauses

Queries that

use

the GROUP BY and HAVING clauses

How the HAVING clause compares to the WHERE clause How to code complex search conditions

How to summarize data

168

170

172

the ROLLUP operator

172

How to

use

the CUBE operator

174

the GROUPING SETS operator the OVER clause

176

to use use

How to code

How to How

use

184

subqueries

184

subqueries

subqueries compare

How to code How to use

178

subqueries

An introduction to

subqueries

subqueries

186

to joins

in search conditions

with the IN operator subquery with

How to compare the result of a

188 188

an

expression

190 192

How to

use

the ALL

How to

use

the ANY and SOME

keyword

194

keywords

How to code correlated subqueries

196

How to

198

use

the EXISTS operator

Other ways to

use

200

subqueries

How to code

subqueries

in the FROM clause

How to code

subqueries

in the SELECT clause

Guidelines for A A

working

with complex

200 202

queries

query that

How to work with

uses

common table

How to code

How to

a

206

expressions

recursive CTE

How

use

208 208

210

insert, update, and delete data

How to create test tables How to

204 204

subqueries procedure for building complex queries complex

How to code a CTE

Chapter 7

166

use

How to

6

using SQL Server extensions

164

How to How

Chapter

154

queries

How to code aggregate functions

Queries

contents

216

the SELECT INTO statement

216

of the database

216

to use a

copy

vii

viii

Expanded contents

How to insert How

to insert

How to insert

a

single

multiple

218

rows

to

insert default values and null values

How

to

insert

How

to

How

to

How

to

modify existing

perform

222

224

rows

basic

224

update operation use subqueries in an update operation use joins in an update operation a

existing

How to perform

basic delete operation

use

a

subqueries

How to merge How to

220

selected from another table

rows

How to delete How to

perform a

How to code

8

218

row

How

How to

Chapter

218

new rows

more

and

226 228

230

rows

joins

in

a

delete

230 232

operation

234

rows basic merge

complex

234

operation

merge

234

operations

How to work with data

types

A review of the SQL data types

240

Data type overview

240

The numeric data types

242

The string data types

244

The date/time data types The large value data types

246

How to convert data

250

248

How data conversion works

Chapter 9

250

How to convert data using the CAST function

252

How to convert data

254

using

the CONVERT function

How to

use

the TRY_CONVERT function

256

How to

use

other data conversion functions

258

How to

use

functions

How to work with

string data

A summary of the string functions How to solve common problems that

262 262

occur with

string

data

How to work with numeric data A summary of the numeric functions How to solve common problems that

266 268 268

occur

with numeric data

How to work with date/time data

270

272

A summary of the date/time functions

272

How

276

to parse

How to How to How

to

dates and times

perform operations perform a date search perform a time search

on

dates and times

Other functions you should know about How to

use

the CASE function

278 280 282

284 284

How

to use the

IIF and CHOOSE functions

286

How

to use the

COALESCE and ISNULL functions

288

How to

use

the GROUPING function

290

How to

use

the

functions

292

How to

use

the analytic functions

296

ranking

Expanded

Section 3

Database design and

Chapter 10

How to How to

design

design

implementation

database

a data structure

The basic steps for How to

a

designing

a

304

data structure

304

the data elements

identify

306

How to subdivide the data elements

308

How to

310

How How

the tables and

assign columns to identify the primary and foreign keys to enforce the relationships between tables uWntify

312 314

How normalization works How to

identify

316

the columns to be indexed

How to normalize

a

318

data structure

320

The seven normal forms

320

How to

the first normal form

322

How to

apply apply

the second normal form

324

How to

apply

the third normal form

326

When and how to denormalize a data structure

Chapter 11

contents

How to create and maintain databases,

328

tables,

and sequences with SQL statements An introduction to DDL

334

The SQL statements for data definition

334

Rules for

336

coding object

names

How to create databases,

tables,

and indexes

a

database

338

How to create

a

table

340

How to create an index

How to

use

How to

snippets

342

to create

database

objects

344

constraints

346

An introduction to constraints

346

How to use check constraints

348

How to use

350

How to

use

foreign key

constraints

change databases and

How to delete

an

index, table,

or

tables

database

How to alter a table

How

to create a

How to

use a

How to delete

How to alter

The

358 358

used to create the AP database works

script

use

360 360

How the DDL statements work

How to

356 356

sequence

a sequence

script

How the

352

356

sequence

sequence a

352 354

How to work with sequences

Chapter 12

338

How to create

360

the

for database

Management Studio design

How to work with

a

database

368

How to create

a

database

368

How to delete

a

database

368

iX

X

Expanded contents 370

How to work with tables How to create, modify, How

work with

to

or

delete

370

table

a

372

foreign key relationships

How to work with indexes and keys

374

How

to

work with check constraints

376

How

to

examine table

378

How to generate

dependencies

380

scripts

380

How to generate scripts for databases and tables How to generate

a

change script when you modify

Section 4

Advanced SQL skills

Chapter 13

How to work with views

a

table

388

An introduction to views

388

How views work

390

Benefits of using views

392

How to create and manage views How to create a view Examples

392

394

that create views

How to create an

updatable

How to delete

modify

or

a

view

396 398

view

400

How to use views How

update rows through

to

How to insert rows How to delete rows How to

use

How to

the

400

view

through

402

through

a view

402

catalog

or

a

a view

use the

How to create

404

views

View

modify

a

406

Designer

406

view

How to delete a view

Chapter

14

382

406

How to code scripts 410

An introduction to scripts

410

How to work with

scripts

The

statements for

Transact-SQL

412

script processing

How to work with variables and

temporary tables

414

How to work with scalar variables

414

How

416

to work

with table variables

How to work with temporary tables A

comparison

of the five types of

418

Transact-SQL

How to control the execution of a

perform conditional

How to

How to

perform repetitive processing

How

handle

How to

use

objects

420

422 422

object

424 426 428

errors

surround-with

Advanced

script

processing

How to test for the existence of a database

to

table

430

snippets

432

scripting techniques

How to use the system functions

432

How to

434

How A

change

to use

script

How

the session

settings

436

dynamic SQL

that summarizes the structure of

to use

the SQLCMD

utility

a

database

438 442

Expanded

Chapter 15

How to code stored

and

procedures, functions,

triggers

Procedural

programming options in Transact-SQL

Stored

procedures,

user-defined functions, and

How to code stored

procedures

An introduction to stored

procedures

How to

ci

ate a stored

448

triggers

450 450 452

procedure

How to declare and work with parameters

454

How to call

with parameters How to work with return values

456

How

460

to

procedures

validate data and raise

A stored

procedure

How to pass

a

How to delete

table

that manages insert as a

change

or

458

errors

462

operations

parameter

468

stored

procedure

470

procedures

472

a

How to work with system stored

How to code user-defined functions

474

An introduction to user-defined functions

474

How to create

a

scalar-valued function

How to create

a

simple

How to create

a

multi-statement table-valued function

How to delete

or

476 478

table-valued function

change

How to code

480

function

a

482

484

triggers

How to create a

484

How to

486

trigger use AFTER triggers INSTEAD OF triggers

488

How to

use

How to

use

triggers

to enforce data

How to

use

triggers

to work with DDL statements

How to delete

change

or

490

consistency

492 494

trigger

a

How to work with How to use cursors in

cursors

SQL Server

500

An introduction to cursors The

seven

SQL

types of

SQL

How to use

cursors

How

a cursor

to

declare

How to

use

the

How to

use

the

a

row

use

the

How to

update

504

to retrieve data

506 506 508

a cursor

@@FETCH_STATUS system function @@CURSOR_ROWS system function

cursor or

through

concurrency

delete data

Additional cursor

514

a cursor

514

options

through

516

a cursor

cursors

for

518 518

use

by

an

application

How to manage transactions and How to work with transactions How transactions maintain data

SQL

512

dynamic SQL

Transact-SQL

statements for

510

processing techniques

How to use cursors with How to code

502

cursors

processing

using

How to modify data How to

500

Server

statements for cursor

How to retrieve

Chapter 17

448 448

Scripts

Chapter 16

contents

handling

integrity

transactions

program

520

locking 524 524 526

xi

xii

Expanded contents 528

How to work with nested transactions How to work with

530

points

save

An introduction to concurrency and locking How concurrency and The four concurrency

locking

532

are related

that locks

problems

prevent

can

Lockable

538

locking

538

and lock escalation

resources

Lock modes and lock

540

promotion

542

Lock mode compatibility

How to

544

prevent deadlocks

544

Two transactions that deadlock

Coding techniques

Chapter 18

How to manage database How to work with SQL Server

How How

change

to

delete

login IDs

550 552

Server

554

IDs IDs or

change login

or

How to work with database

passwords

How to work with

560

The SQL

562

permissions

Server

How to grant

or

revoke schema

How to

or

revoke database permissions

grant

562

object permissions object permissions

revoke

or

How to grant or revoke server

564 566

permissions

568 570

permissions

572

How to work with roles

572

How to work with the fixed server roles

574

How to work with user-defined server roles

How to display information about

server roles

and role members

576

How to work with the fixed database roles

578

How to work with user-defined database roles

580

How to How to How to

information about database roles and role members

display deny permissions granted by work with application roles

How to manage How to work with

role membership

How to

assign database

How to

assign

How to work with database

How

ID

login by login ID database objects

and roles

permissions

user

584

588 588

IDs

access

582 586

security using the Management Studio

login

How to work with the server roles for a

Chapter 19

556 558

users

How to work with schemas

How to grant

550

security

SQL

login

to create

security

the authentication mode

An introduction to How to

546

prevent deadlocks

that

534 536

How to set the transaction isolation level

How SQL Server manages

532

to

590 592 594

596

permissions

to work with XML 602

An introduction to XML An XML document

602

An XML schema

604

How to work with the xml data

type

606

How to store data in the xml data type

606

How to work with the XML Editor

608

Expanded

How

to use the methods of the xml data type An example that parses the xml data type Another example that parses the xml data type

610 614 616

How to work with XML schemas How to add How to

Chapter 20

an

use an

618

XML schema to

a

XML schema

validate the xml data type

to

database

618 620

How to view

an

XML schema

622

How to drop

an

XML schema

622

Two

skills for

more

working with XML

624

How to use the FOR XML clause of the SELECT statement

624

How to

628

use

the OPENXML statement

How to work with BLOBs An introduction to BLOBs Pros and

cons

Pros and

cons

When

to use

How to

of

storing of storing

634

BLOBs in files

634

BLOBs in

634

a

column

FILESTREAM storage for BLOBs

SQL to work with

use

How to insert,

update, and delete binary data

binary

varbinary(max)

a

634

varbinary(max) column

a

A .NET

table with

a

How to create

How to retrieve

column

636 636

that

application

uses a

varbinary(max)

column

640

A data access class that reads and writes use

FILESTREAM

638 638

application

The event handlers for the form

How to

636 636

data

The user interface for the

642

binary data

648

storage

How to enable FILESTREAM storage on the server

648

How to create

a

database with FILESTREAM storage

650

How to create

a

table with

652

FILESTREAM column

a

How to insert, update, and delete FILESTREAM data

652

How to retrieve FILESTREAM data

652

A data

654

class that

access

uses

FILESTREAM storage

Section 5

CLR integration

Chapter

An introduction to CLR

21

contents

An introduction to CLR How CLR

integration

The five types of CLR When to use CLR

use

How to start

a

664 666

objects

666 668

integration

Visual Studio to work with CLR SQL Server Database project

specify the type of CLR object How to enter and edit the code for CLR How to

The code for

a

How to create

CLR a

664

integration

works

objects

How to enable CLR

How to

integration

deploy

How to test and debug

a

670 670

672

objects

674 676

object

database for

How to compile and

objects

testing

CLR

CLR

objects

object

678 680 686

X\\l

xiv

Introduction

How to

Chapter 22

SQL to work with CLR

use

objects

688 688

How to

assembly deploy a CLR object

How

drop

688

How to

to

deploy

an

an

688

assembly

procedures, functions,

How to code CLR stored

and triggers How to work with CLR stored How to

use

the

SqlTypes

How to declare a stored

procedures

namespace to map data

types

How to

698

use

the

to return data

698

use

output parameters to return data

700

How to return How to raise A stored

A script

SqlPipe object

an

702

integer value

702

an error

procedure

that manages insert

that calls the stored

operations

710 710

How to declare a function How to work with the

704 708

procedure

How to work with CLR functions

SqlFunction

712

attribute

A scalar-valued function that returns an amount due

714

A table-valued function that returns a table with two columns

716

How to work with CLR

718

triggers

trigger SqlTrigger attribute..... A trigger that updates a column How to use the SqlTriggerContext object

718

A

726

How

to

declare

a

720

How to work with the

Chapter 23

694

696

procedure

How to create a connection How to

694

trigger

722 724

that works with DDL statements

How to code

aggregate functions

and user-defined types How to work with How to declare an

732

aggregate functions

732

aggregate

How to work with the

SqlUserDefinedAggregate

attribute

An aggregate that returns a comma-delimited

How to work with user-defined How to declare How

to

string

types

SqlUserDefinedType

type for

an

email address

that works with a user-defined

740

744 744

user-defined type

work with the

A user-defined

SQL

a

734 736

An aggregate that returns a trimmed average

type

attribute

746 748 754