Name Date MULTIPLE CHOICE.-For the following multiple ... - Regis

Name

BIOLOGY 406 COMPARATIVE VERTEBRATE ANATOMY, SPRING 2007 EXAMINATION #1 (PART 1) Date

MULTIPLE CHOICE.⎯For the following multiple choice questions circle the letter in front of the response that best answers the question or completes the sentence. (20%, 2% each) 1. Which of the following does NOT form as a bud off of the endodermal digestive tract? a. allantois/urinary bladder b. liver c. lungs d. pancreas e. salivary glands f. thyroid 2. Which of the following is derived from ectoderm? a. digestive tract lining b. kidneys c. limb muscles d. melanocytes (pigment cells) e. None of the above. 3. Which of the following is derived from mesoderm? a. dermis of skin b. ganglionic nerves c. melanocytes (pigment cells) d. rectum or cloaca lining e. None of the above 4. Which of the following is derived from endoderm? a. epidermis b. kidneys c. melanocytes (pigment cells) d. oral cavity lining e. None of the above 5. Which of the following developmental tissues will eventually form the brain? a. sclerotome b. neural crest c. neural tube d. neurogenic placodes e. None of the above

6. What is the value for understanding comparative anatomy of exploring human anatomical variation as described in the book Mutants and discussed in class? a. Because it demonstrates the singular uniqueness of human anatomy. b. Because it demonstrates the problems that occur due to hybridization.. c. Because they show the range of human anatomical variation that can mirror variation among vertebrates. d. Because they’re usually fatal or dysfunctional. 7. The muscular portion of the human diaphragm is derived from which of the following embryonic structures? a. allantois b. coelomic fold c. pulmonary folds d. transverse septum e. yolk sac 8. Which of the following vertebrate classes includes the most species? a. Actinopterygii b. Chondrichthys c. Lissamphibia d. Mammalia e. Reptilia 9. Which of the following vertebrates is most closely related to you (a human)? a. Amia calva (a bowfin) b. a bass (a teleost) c. a gar d. a lungfish e. a shark 10. Which of the following is ABSENT in a monotreme? a. amnion b. hair c. mammary glands d. nipples e. vertebrae

FILL-IN-THE-BLANK/LABEL.⎯For the following exercises write the appropriate word or words in the available space. (10%) Use the diagram below to fill in the indicated structures to the right.

1. Label developmental cross section of a vertebrate embryo at left with the following. (10%) dematome sclerotome myotome chordamesoderm intermediate mesoderm dorsal mesentery splanchnic mesoderm

gut

somatic mesoderm endoderm coelom

DEFINITIONS.⎯For the following words or phrases define them as accurately and concisely as possible. (20%, 4% each) 1. Allantois (also indicate the types of developmental tissues that compose it):

2. Amnion (also indicate the types of developmental tissues that compose it):

3. Mesothelium:

4. Monophyletic Group:

5. Stomodeum:

BIOLOGY 406 COMPARATIVE VERTEBRATE ANATOMY, SPRING 2007 EXAMINATION #1 (PART 2) Date

Name

SHORT ANSWER.⎯Address each question in as concise and lucid a manner as possible. Do NOT exceed the space provided. 1. Use the following data matrix to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships among the organisms included below. Be certain to show the synapomorphic characteristics on the tree. Identify any homoplastic characteristics. (12%) capuchin monkey spider monkey langur monkey

gorilla human lemur outgroup

1 1

2 1

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

1-0 – long snout, 1-1 – short snout

1

1

0

0

0

0

2-0 – non-prehensile tail; 2-1 – prehensile tail

1

0

1

0

1

1

1 1 0

0 0 0

1 1 0

1 1 0

1 1 0

0 0 0

3-0 – nostrils widely separated; 2-1 – nostrils close to each other 4-0 – long tail; 4-1 – short (internal) tail 5-0 – 3 premolar teeth; 5-1 – 2 premolar teeth 6-0 – 1 stomach chamber; 6-1 – 3 stomach chambers

2. In the space below generally sketch and label the major anatomical structures of a lancelet? Indicate the chordate synapomorphies with an asterisk. Then in a sentence (or as two bulleted points) indicate two ways in which a lamprey ammocoete larva is differs from a lancelet. (10%)

3. Describe the early development of a typical chordate from the single cell stage up to and including the formation of the central nervous system. Be certain to a. name each stage of development, b. define or illustrate what characterizes that stage, and c. explain what occurs between each stage. (Feel free, but do not feel obliged, to use a table and/or labeled sketches for your answer.) (10%)

4. Compare and contrast the digestive tracts of a human, a bird, and a shark. Be certain to identify any specializations or distinguishing characteristics of each. (Feel free but do not feel obliged to use a table or clearly labeled sketches for your answer.) (18%)