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Dr Rochelle Stewart-Withers. Sharon Bell (PhD Candidate). Institute of Development Studies. School People, Environment and Planning. Negotiated Ethics: ...
Negotiated Ethics: Using Social & Visual Technology in Newly Post-Conflict and /or Fragile State Fieldwork Dr Rochelle Stewart-Withers Sharon Bell (PhD Candidate) Institute of Development Studies School People, Environment and Planning
Outline of talk Ethical considerations arising from a changing world – what could be the impact, for them; for us; for ethics • Coalescing of various concerns: Messiness and Change • Background to discipline and research space and ethics as we understand it • Principles • Case study : Shan State – background; negotiated ethics; ideas; solutions • Concluding remarks
Social movement Activism Empowerment Participation Partnership
Ethics in practice; Real ethics; Personal ethics; Culture as ethics
Emerging body of knowledge about ICT -research ethics nexus
Supposedly vulnerable participants Children The very poor Marginalized Illegal persons
ICT Social Media Visual recordings Real Time Blogs
Often highly politicized research environments
Ethics Autonomy Justice Beneficence Non-malifecence Relationships Rights - Consent– Privacy–Confidentiality
Backtrack: Development Studies
Fieldwork may be defined as becoming involved in th of a people in order to learn about them so that one something with the knowledge.
We think of ethics as
• In terms of procedural and while in the field. (Before, during, after). Could also be seen as institutional ethics and personal ethics • Western notions of what constitutes ethical practice verses cultural notions of ethics • Ie conflict of interest vs relationships and obligations
Shameless self promotion if you want to understand ethical challenges in Development Fieldwork a little better see: Stewart-Withers, R. (2016). Edge walking ethics. NZ Sociology: Special Issue- Ethics in Practice, 31(4), 28-42.
Where and with whom
Ethics from the bottom up
• Consider local needs/concerns when identifying research topic • Show respect for the knowledge and traditions of the communities we work with • Following research protocols in the country concerned, and cultural protocols on permission from communities • Building mutually beneficial relationships with people we meet • Acting in a sensitive and respectful manner • Ensuring that our research is of value to those who give up their time to participate in our studies • Sharing the findings of our research with our participants in an accessible manner, and allowing for dialogue or feedback
Principles Autonomy
To what extent will doing/allowing this research enable others freely , as individuals and as a group to decide to participate, according to their own beliefs and values? Harm To what extent will doing/allowing this research risk, support or create harm? Benefit To what extent will doing/allowing this research create, support or make likely benefits? Justice To what extent will the benefits and burdens of this research be fairly distributed? Special relationships To what extent would doing/allowing this research honour the ethical norms generated by the special relationships the researcher stands in?
Research context
Negotiated ethics: Some examples
• Tell people my story: relationships and obligations • Virtual friends – like for a like • Privacy and confidentiality: This is my house, my space and my story (who decides)
Solutions • Fluidity of the private public sphere (de-stablising this binary) • Fabrication as ethical practice • Co-construction of findings • Application of principles: Paternalism vs agency
Ideas • Building the body of knowledge - publishing on ethical dilemmas, ethics in practice, real ethics • Reciprocal relationship between ERC and Researchers • Valuing open ERC meetings – ERC emulating the same values and behaviours expected from researchers • Principles approach rather than rules • High trust – deep consideration • Being open to new possibilities – when working with innovation one must work innovatively
Concluding remarks
Research ethics in an age of advancing technology and innovation – if we are to managing the ‘ever changing’ we will need to consider ethics to be about
