DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE & CHILD NEUROLOGY
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Neurodevelopmental outcome, psychological adjustment, and quality of life in adolescents with congenital heart disease | MICHAEL VON RHEIN 1,2 * | WALTER KNIRSCH 3 | RETO HUBER 4 | GIANCARLO NATALUCCI 5 | JON CAFLISCH 1 | MARKUS A LANDOLT 6,7 | BEATRICE LATAL 1 CHRISTINA SCHAEFER 1 *
1 Child Development Centre, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich; 2 Developmental Paediatrics, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur; 3 Paediatric Cardiology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich; 4 Sleep Research Centre, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich; 5 Department of Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich; 6 Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich; 7 Children’s Research Centre, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Correspondence to Dr Michael von Rhein, Child Development Centre, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland. E-mail:
[email protected] *These authors share first authorship of this paper. This article is commented on by Tabbutt on pages 1072–1073 of this issue.
PUBLICATION DATA
Accepted for publication 24th June 2013. Published online 13th August 2013. ABBREVIATIONS
CHD HRQoL ROCFT SDQ ZNA
Congenital heart disease Health-related quality of life Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure test Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Zurich Neuromotor Assessment
AIM The aim of this study was to examine neurodevelopment, psychological adjustment, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adolescents after bypass surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD) during early childhood. METHOD Fifty-nine adolescents (34 females, 25 males) with CHD were examined at a median age of 13 years 8 months (range 11y 5mo–16y 11mo). Outcome was assessed with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, (fourth edition); the Beery Test of Visual-Motor Integration; the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test; the Zurich Neuromotor Assessment; the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; and the KIDSCREEN questionnaires. Results were compared with those of 40 age- and sex-matched healthy comparison individuals. RESULTS Outcome with regard to full-scale IQ, perceptual reasoning, and the working memory scale was poorer in patients with CHD than in the comparison group (all p≤0.001). Visual perception, visuomotor integration (p≤0.001), and executive functions (Rey figure copy: p=0.05) were also affected. Patients with CHD also had lower scores on all motor domains (p
